1
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Doets K, Pijlman GP. Subgenomic flavivirus RNA as key target for live-attenuated vaccine development. J Virol 2024:e0010023. [PMID: 38808973 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00100-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Live-attenuated flavivirus vaccines confer long-term protection against disease, but the design of attenuated flaviviruses does not follow a general approach. The non-coding, subgenomic flavivirus RNA (sfRNA) is produced by all flaviviruses and is an essential factor in viral pathogenesis and transmission. We argue that modulating sfRNA expression is a promising, universal strategy to finetune flavivirus attenuation for developing effective flavivirus vaccines of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Doets
- Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gorben P Pijlman
- Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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2
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Wang C, Li M, Xia X, Fu Y, Wang Y, Xu W, Wei H, Wei L. Construction of exosome-loaded LL-37 and its protection against zika virus infection. Antiviral Res 2024; 225:105855. [PMID: 38460762 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an enveloped, single-stranded and positive-stranded RNA virus of the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. ZIKV can cross the placental barrier and infect the fetus, causing microcephaly, congenital ZIKV syndrome, and even fetal death. ZIKV infection can also lead to testicular damage and male sterility. But no effective drugs and vaccines are available up to now. Previous studies have shown that the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 can protect against ZIKV infection. However, LL-37 is a secreted peptide, which can be easily degraded in vivo. We herein constructed exosome-loaded LL-37 (named LL-37-TM-exo and TM-LL-37-exo) using the transmembrane protein TM to load LL-37 onto the membrane of exosome. We found that exosome-loaded LL-37 could significantly inhibit ZIKV infection in vitro and in vivo, and LL-37-TM-exo had stronger antiviral activity than that of TM-LL-37-exo, which could significantly reduce ZIKV-induced testicular injury and sperm injury, and had broad-spectrum antiviral effect. Compared to free LL-37, exosome-loaded LL-37 showed a better serum stability, higher efficiency to cross the placental barrier, and stronger antiviral activity. The mechanism of exosome-loaded LL-37 against ZIKV infection was consistent with that of free LL-37, which could directly inactivate viral particles, reduce the susceptibility of host cells, and act on viral replication stage. Our study provides a novel strategy for the development of LL-37 against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xiaohui Xia
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yuxuan Fu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Hongqi Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Lin Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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3
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Sereme Y, Schrimp C, Faury H, Agapoff M, Lefebvre-Wloszczowski E, Chang Marchand Y, Ageron-Ardila E, Panafieu E, Blec F, Coureuil M, Frapy E, Tsatsaris V, Bonacorsi S, Skurnik D. A live attenuated vaccine to prevent severe neonatal Escherichia coli K1 infections. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3021. [PMID: 38589401 PMCID: PMC11001983 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is currently the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Genetic, immunological and infectious causes are suspected. Preterm infants have a higher risk of severe bacterial neonatal infections, most of which are caused by Escherichia coli an in particular E. coli K1strains. Women with history of preterm delivery have a high risk of recurrence and therefore constitute a target population for the development of vaccine against E. coli neonatal infections. Here, we characterize the immunological, microbiological and protective properties of a live attenuated vaccine candidate in adult female mice and their pups against after a challenge by K1 and non-K1 strains of E. coli. Our results show that the E. coli K1 E11 ∆aroA vaccine induces strong immunity, driven by polyclonal bactericidal antibodies. In our model of meningitis, mothers immunized prior to mating transfer maternal antibodies to pups, which protect newborn mice against various K1 and non-K1 strains of E. coli. Given the very high mortality rate and the neurological sequalae associated with neonatal E. coli K1 meningitis, our results constitute preclinical proof of concept for the development of a live attenuated vaccine against severe E. coli infections in women at risk of preterm delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssouf Sereme
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Schrimp
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Helène Faury
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Department of Microbiology, Necker Hospital, University de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maeva Agapoff
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Emilie Panafieu
- LEAT antenne Imagine- SFR Necker INSERM US 24, Paris, France
| | - Frank Blec
- LEAT antenne Imagine- SFR Necker INSERM US 24, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Coureuil
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Eric Frapy
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Vassilis Tsatsaris
- Maternité Port-Royal, hôpital Cochin, GHU Centre Paris cité, AP-HP, Paris, France
- FHU PREMA, Maternité Port-Royal, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Bonacorsi
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - David Skurnik
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
- Department of Microbiology, Necker Hospital, University de Paris, Paris, France.
- FHU PREMA, Maternité Port-Royal, Paris, France.
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4
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Aguilar CC, Kalia A, Brisse ME, Dowd KA, Wise-Dent O, Burgomaster KE, Droppo J, Pierson TC, Hickman HD. Subcapsular sinus macrophages maximize germinal center development in non-draining lymph nodes during blood-borne viral infection. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi4926. [PMID: 38457515 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi4926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) germinal centers (GCs) are critical sites for B cell activation and differentiation. GCs develop after specialized CD169+ macrophages residing in LN sinuses filter antigens (Ags) from the lymph and relay these Ags into proximal B cell follicles. Many viruses, however, first reach LNs through the blood during viremia (virus in the blood), rather than through lymph drainage from infected tissue. How LNs capture viral Ag from the blood to allow GC development is not known. Here, we followed Zika virus (ZIKV) dissemination in mice and subsequent GC formation in both infected tissue-draining and non-draining LNs. From the footpad, ZIKV initially disseminated through two LN chains, infecting LN macrophages and leading to GC formation. Despite rapid ZIKV viremia, non-draining LNs were not infected for several days. Non-draining LN infection correlated with virus-induced vascular leakage and neutralization of permeability reduced LN macrophage attrition. Depletion of non-draining LN macrophages significantly decreased GC B cells in these nodes. Thus, although LNs inefficiently captured viral Ag directly from the blood, GC formation in non-draining LNs proceeded similarly to draining LNs through LN sinus CD169+ macrophages. Together, our findings reveal a conserved pathway allowing LN macrophages to activate antiviral B cells in LNs distal from infected tissue after blood-borne viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia C Aguilar
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anurag Kalia
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morgan E Brisse
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dowd
- Arbovirus Immunity Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olivia Wise-Dent
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine E Burgomaster
- Arbovirus Immunity Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joanna Droppo
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Arbovirus Immunity Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heather D Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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5
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Peng ZY, Yang S, Lu HZ, Wang LM, Li N, Zhang HT, Xing SY, Du YN, Deng SQ. A review on Zika vaccine development. Pathog Dis 2024; 82:ftad036. [PMID: 38192053 PMCID: PMC10901608 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), which belongs to the Flavivirus family, is mainly transmitted via the bite of Aedes mosquitoes. In newborns, ZIKV infection can cause severe symptoms such as microcephaly, while in adults, it can lead to Guillain‒Barré syndrome (GBS). Due to the lack of specific therapeutic methods against ZIKV, the development of a safe and effective vaccine is extremely important. Several potential ZIKV vaccines, such as live attenuated, inactivated, nucleic acid, viral vector, and recombinant subunit vaccines, have demonstrated promising outcomes in clinical trials involving human participants. Therefore, in this review, the recent developmental progress, advantages and disadvantages of these five vaccine types are examined, and practical recommendations for future development are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Yu Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoon-oses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Song Yang
- Institute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Hong-Zheng Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoon-oses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lin-Min Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoon-oses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ni Li
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoon-oses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hai-Ting Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoon-oses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Si-Yu Xing
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoon-oses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yi-Nan Du
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoon-oses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Sheng-Qun Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoon-oses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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6
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Tanelus M, López K, Smith S, Muller JA, Porier DL, Auguste DI, Stone WB, Paulson SL, Auguste AJ. Exploring the immunogenicity of an insect-specific virus vectored Zika vaccine candidate. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19948. [PMID: 37968443 PMCID: PMC10651913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an important re-emerging flavivirus that presents a significant threat to human health worldwide. Despite its importance, no vaccines are approved for use in humans. Insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFVs) have recently garnered attention as an antigen presentation platform for vaccine development and diagnostic applications. Here, we further explore the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a chimeric ISFV-Zika vaccine candidate, designated Aripo-Zika (ARPV/ZIKV). Our results show a near-linear relationship between increased dose and immunogenicity, with 1011 genome copies (i.e., 108 focus forming units) being the minimum dose required for protection from ZIKV-induced morbidity and mortality in mice. Including boosters did not significantly increase the short-term efficacy of ARPV/ZIKV-vaccinated mice. We also show that weanling mice derived from ARPV/ZIKV-vaccinated dams were completely protected from ZIKV-induced morbidity and mortality upon challenge, suggesting efficient transfer of maternally-derived protective antibodies. Finally, in vitro coinfection studies of ZIKV with Aripo virus (ARPV) and ARPV/ZIKV in African green monkey kidney cells (i.e., Vero-76) showed that ARPV and ARPV/ZIKV remain incapable of replication in vertebrate cells, despite the presence of active ZIKV replication. Altogether, our data continue to support ISFV-based vaccines, and specifically the ARPV backbone is a safe, immunogenic and effective vaccine strategy for flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manette Tanelus
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Krisangel López
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Shaan Smith
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - John A Muller
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Danielle L Porier
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Dawn I Auguste
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - William B Stone
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Sally L Paulson
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Albert J Auguste
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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7
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Kuhn RJ, Barrett ADT, Desilva AM, Harris E, Kramer LD, Montgomery RR, Pierson TC, Sette A, Diamond MS. A Prototype-Pathogen Approach for the Development of Flavivirus Countermeasures. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S398-S413. [PMID: 37849402 PMCID: PMC10582523 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a genus within the Flaviviridae family of positive-strand RNA viruses and are transmitted principally through mosquito and tick vectors. These viruses are responsible for hundreds of millions of human infections worldwide per year that result in a range of illnesses from self-limiting febrile syndromes to severe neurotropic and viscerotropic diseases and, in some cases, death. A vaccine against the prototype flavivirus, yellow fever virus, has been deployed for 85 years and is highly effective. While vaccines against some medically important flaviviruses are available, others have proven challenging to develop. The emergence and spread of flaviviruses, including dengue virus and Zika virus, demonstrate their pandemic potential. This review highlights the gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed to allow for the rapid development of vaccines against emerging flaviviruses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Kuhn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Alan D T Barrett
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Aravinda M Desilva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Laura D Kramer
- School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Ruth R Montgomery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California in San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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8
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Krabbe NP, Razo E, Abraham HJ, Spanton RV, Shi Y, Bhattacharya S, Bohm EK, Pritchard JC, Weiler AM, Mitzey AM, Eickhoff JC, Sullivan E, Tan JC, Aliota MT, Friedrich TC, O’Connor DH, Golos TG, Mohr EL. Control of maternal Zika virus infection during pregnancy is associated with lower antibody titers in a macaque model. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1267638. [PMID: 37809089 PMCID: PMC10556460 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy results in a spectrum of birth defects and neurodevelopmental deficits in prenatally exposed infants, with no clear understanding of why some pregnancies are more severely affected. Differential control of maternal ZIKV infection may explain the spectrum of adverse outcomes. Methods Here, we investigated whether the magnitude and breadth of the maternal ZIKV-specific antibody response is associated with better virologic control using a rhesus macaque model of prenatal ZIKV infection. We inoculated 18 dams with an Asian-lineage ZIKV isolate (PRVABC59) at 30-45 gestational days. Plasma vRNA and infectious virus kinetics were determined over the course of pregnancy, as well as vRNA burden in the maternal-fetal interface (MFI) at delivery. Binding and neutralizing antibody assays were performed to determine the magnitude of the ZIKV-specific IgM and IgG antibody responses throughout pregnancy, along with peptide microarray assays to define the breadth of linear ZIKV epitopes recognized. Results Dams with better virologic control (n= 9) cleared detectable infectious virus and vRNA from the plasma by 7 days post-infection (DPI) and had a lower vRNA burden in the MFI at delivery. In comparison, dams with worse virologic control (n= 9) still cleared detectable infectious virus from the plasma by 7 DPI but had vRNA that persisted longer, and had higher vRNA burden in the MFI at delivery. The magnitudes of the ZIKV-specific antibody responses were significantly lower in the dams with better virologic control, suggesting that higher antibody titers are not associated with better control of ZIKV infection. Additionally, the breadth of the ZIKV linear epitopes recognized did not differ between the dams with better and worse control of ZIKV infection. Discussion Thus, the magnitude and breadth of the maternal antibody responses do not seem to impact maternal virologic control. This may be because control of maternal infection is determined in the first 7 DPI, when detectable infectious virus is present and before robust antibody responses are generated. However, the presence of higher ZIKV-specific antibody titers in dams with worse virologic control suggests that these could be used as a biomarker of poor maternal control of infection and should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Krabbe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Elaina Razo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Hunter J. Abraham
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rachel V. Spanton
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yujia Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Saswati Bhattacharya
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ellie K. Bohm
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Julia C. Pritchard
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Andrea M. Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ann M. Mitzey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jens C. Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Healthy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Eric Sullivan
- Nimble Therapeutics, Inc, Madison, WI, United States
| | - John C. Tan
- Nimble Therapeutics, Inc, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Thaddeus G. Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Emma L. Mohr
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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9
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Graham ME, Merrick C, Akiyama BM, Szucs MJ, Leach S, Kieft JS, Beckham JD. Zika virus dumbbell-1 structure is critical for sfRNA presence and cytopathic effect during infection. mBio 2023; 14:e0110823. [PMID: 37417764 PMCID: PMC10470596 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01108-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
All flaviviruses contain conserved RNA structures in the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) that are important for flavivirus RNA replication, translation, and pathogenesis. Flaviviruses like Zika virus (ZIKV) contain multiple conserved RNA structures in the viral 3' UTR, including the structure known as dumbbell-1 (DB-1). Previous research has shown that the DB-1 structure is important for flavivirus positive-strand genome replication, but the functional role of the flavivirus DB-1 structure and the mechanism by which it contributes to viral pathogenesis are not known. Using the recently solved flavivirus DB RNA structural data, we designed two DB-1 mutant ZIKV infectious clones, termed ZIKV-TL.PK and ZIKV-p.2.5', which disrupt DB-1 tertiary folding. We found that viral positive-strand genome replication of both ZIKV DB-1 mutant clones is similar to wild-type (WT) ZIKV, but ZIKV DB-1 mutants exhibit significantly decreased cytopathic effect due to reduced caspase-3 activation. We next show that ZIKV DB-1 mutants exhibit decreased levels of sfRNA species compared to ZIKV-WT during infection. However, ZIKV DB-1 mutant 3' UTRs exhibit unchanged sfRNA biogenesis following XRN1 degradation in vitro. We also found that ZIKV DB-1 mutant virus (ZIKV-p.2.5') exhibited enhanced sensitivity to type I interferon treatment, and both ZIKV-DB-1 mutants exhibit reduced morbidity and mortality due to tissue-specific attenuated viral replication in brain tissue of interferon type I/II receptor knockout mice. We propose that the flavivirus DB-1 RNA structure maintains sfRNA levels during infection despite maintained sfRNA biogenesis, and these results indicate that ZIKV DB-dependent maintenance of sfRNA levels support caspase-3-dependent, cytopathic effect, type I interferon resistance, and viral pathogenesis in mammalian cells and in a ZIKV murine model of disease. IMPORTANCE The group of viruses termed flaviviruses cause important disease throughout the world and include dengue virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and many more. All of these flaviviruses have highly conserved RNA structures in the untranslated regions of the virus genome. One of the shared RNA structures, termed the dumbbell region, is not well studied, but mutations in this region are important for vaccine development. In this study, we made structure-informed targeted mutations in the Zika virus dumbbell region and studied the effect on the virus. We found that Zika virus dumbbell mutants are significantly weakened or attenuated due to a decreased ability to produce non-coding RNA that is needed to support infection, support virus-induced cell death, and support escape from the host immune system. These data show that targeted mutations in the flavivirus dumbbell RNA structure may be an important approach to develop future vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica E. Graham
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Camille Merrick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Akiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew J. Szucs
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah Leach
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeffery S. Kieft
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - J. David Beckham
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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10
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Huang Z, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhu J, Song W, Chen K, Zhang Y, Lou Y. Vaccine development for mosquito-borne viral diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1161149. [PMID: 37251387 PMCID: PMC10213220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viral diseases are a group of viral illnesses that are predominantly transmitted by mosquitoes, including viruses from the Togaviridae and Flaviviridae families. In recent years, outbreaks caused by Dengue and Zika viruses from the Flaviviridae family, and Chikungunya virus from the Togaviridae family, have raised significant concerns for public health. However, there are currently no safe and effective vaccines available for these viruses, except for CYD-TDV, which has been licensed for Dengue virus. Efforts to control the transmission of COVID-19, such as home quarantine and travel restrictions, have somewhat limited the spread of mosquito-borne viral diseases. Several vaccine platforms, including inactivated vaccines, viral-vector vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, protein vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines, are being developed to combat these viruses. This review analyzes the various vaccine platforms against Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses and provides valuable insights for responding to potential outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanchen Song
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keda Chen
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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11
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Nazneen F, Thompson EA, Blackwell C, Bai JS, Huang F, Bai F. An effective live-attenuated Zika vaccine candidate with a modified 5' untranslated region. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:50. [PMID: 37005424 PMCID: PMC10066991 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00650-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that has caused devastating congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), including microcephaly, congenital malformation, and fetal demise in human newborns in recent epidemics. ZIKV infection can also cause Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and meningoencephalitis in adults. Despite intensive research in recent years, there are no approved vaccines or antiviral therapeutics against CZS and adult Zika diseases. In this report, we developed a novel live-attenuated ZIKV strain (named Z7) by inserting 50 RNA nucleotides (nt) into the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of a pre-epidemic ZIKV Cambodian strain, FSS13025. We used this particular ZIKV strain as it is attenuated in neurovirulence, immune antagonism, and mosquito infectivity compared with the American epidemic isolates. Our data demonstrate that Z7 replicates efficiently and produces high titers without causing apparent cytopathic effects (CPE) in Vero cells or losing the insert sequence, even after ten passages. Significantly, Z7 induces robust humoral and cellular immune responses that completely prevent viremia after a challenge with a high dose of an American epidemic ZIKV strain PRVABC59 infection in type I interferon (IFN) receptor A deficient (Ifnar1-/-) mice. Moreover, adoptive transfer of plasma collected from Z7 immunized mice protects Ifnar1-/- mice from ZIKV (strain PRVABC59) infection. These results suggest that modifying the ZIKV 5' UTR is a novel strategy to develop live-attenuated vaccine candidates for ZIKV and potentially for other flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Nazneen
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - E Ashley Thompson
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Claire Blackwell
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Jonathan S Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Faqing Huang
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Program, Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Fengwei Bai
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA.
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12
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Farini A, Tripodi L, Villa C, Strati F, Facoetti A, Baselli G, Troisi J, Landolfi A, Lonati C, Molinaro D, Wintzinger M, Gatti S, Cassani B, Caprioli F, Facciotti F, Quattrocelli M, Torrente Y. Microbiota dysbiosis influences immune system and muscle pathophysiology of dystrophin-deficient mice. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16244. [PMID: 36533294 PMCID: PMC9994487 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive severe muscle-wasting disease caused by mutations in DMD, encoding dystrophin, that leads to loss of muscle function with cardiac/respiratory failure and premature death. Since dystrophic muscles are sensed by infiltrating inflammatory cells and gut microbial communities can cause immune dysregulation and metabolic syndrome, we sought to investigate whether intestinal bacteria support the muscle immune response in mdx dystrophic murine model. We highlighted a strong correlation between DMD disease features and the relative abundance of Prevotella. Furthermore, the absence of gut microbes through the generation of mdx germ-free animal model, as well as modulation of the microbial community structure by antibiotic treatment, influenced muscle immunity and fibrosis. Intestinal colonization of mdx mice with eubiotic microbiota was sufficient to reduce inflammation and improve muscle pathology and function. This work identifies a potential role for the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Farini
- Neurology UnitFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Luana Tripodi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari CenterUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Chiara Villa
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari CenterUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Francesco Strati
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Department of Experimental OncologyIEO‐European Institute of OncologyMilanItaly
| | - Amanda Facoetti
- Humanitas UniversityMilanItaly
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Guido Baselli
- Translational Medicine – Department of Transfusion Medicine and HematologyFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
- Present address:
SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
| | - Jacopo Troisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica SalernitanaUniversity of SalernoBaronissiItaly
- Theoreo Srl, Spinoff Company of the University of SalernoMontecorvino PuglianoItaly
| | - Annamaria Landolfi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica SalernitanaUniversity of SalernoBaronissiItaly
- Theoreo Srl, Spinoff Company of the University of SalernoMontecorvino PuglianoItaly
| | - Caterina Lonati
- Center for Surgical ResearchFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Davide Molinaro
- Neurology UnitFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari CenterUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Michelle Wintzinger
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Heart InstituteCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Stefano Gatti
- Center for Surgical ResearchFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Barbara Cassani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCSMilanItaly
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational MedicineUniversità Degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversità degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversità degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Mattia Quattrocelli
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Heart InstituteCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Neurology UnitFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari CenterUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
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13
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Adam A, Lee C, Wang T. Rational Development of Live-Attenuated Zika Virus Vaccines. Pathogens 2023; 12:194. [PMID: 36839466 PMCID: PMC9963317 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a re-emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus, has caused outbreaks in Africa, Asia, the Pacific, and, more recently, in the Americas. ZIKV has been associated with the neurological autoimmune disorder Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults and congenital Zika syndrome in fetuses and infants, including microcephaly, spontaneous abortion, and intrauterine growth restriction. It is considered to be a major threat to global public health due to its unprecedented clinical impact on humans. Currently, there are no specific prophylactics or therapeutics available to prevent or treat ZIKV infection. The development of a safe and efficacious ZIKV vaccine remains a global health priority. Since the recent outbreak, multiple platforms have been used in the development of candidate ZIKV vaccines. The candidate vaccines have been shown to elicit strong T cell and neutralization antibody responses and protect against ZIKV infection in animal models. Some candidates have progressed successfully to clinical trials. Live-attenuated vaccines, which induce rapid and durable protective immunity, are one of the most important strategies for controlling flavivirus diseases. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the development of candidate live-attenuated ZIKV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadalkareem Adam
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Christy Lee
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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14
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Dahiya N, Yadav M, Singh H, Jakhar R, Sehrawat N. ZIKV: Epidemiology, infection mechanism and current therapeutics. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.1059283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a vector-borne flavivirus that has been detected in 87 countries worldwide. Outbreaks of ZIKV infection have been reported from various places around the world and the disease has been declared a public health emergency of international concern. ZIKV has two modes of transmission: vector and non-vector. The ability of ZIKV to vertically transmit in its competent vectors, such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, helps it to cope with adverse conditions, and this could be the reason for the major outbreaks that occur from time to time. ZIKV outbreaks are a global threat and, therefore, there is a need for safe and effective drugs and vaccines to fight the virus. In more than 80% of cases, ZIKV infection is asymptomatic and leads to complications, such as microcephaly in newborns and Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) in adults. Drugs such as sofosbuvir, chloroquine, and suramin have been found to be effective against ZIKV infections, but further evaluation of their safety in pregnant women is needed. Although temoporfin can be given to pregnant women, it needs to be tested further for side effects. Many vaccine types based on protein, vector, DNA, and mRNA have been formulated. Some vaccines, such as mRNA-1325 and VRC-ZKADNA090-00-VP, have reached Phase II clinical trials. Some new techniques should be used for formulating and testing the efficacy of vaccines. Although there have been no recent outbreaks of ZIKV infection, several studies have shown continuous circulation of ZIKV in mosquito vectors, and there is a risk of re-emergence of ZIKV in the near future. Therefore, vaccines and drugs for ZIKV should be tested further, and safe and effective therapeutic techniques should be licensed for use during outbreaks.
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15
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Cheong HC, Cheok YY, Chan YT, Sulaiman S, Looi CY, Alshanon AF, Hassan J, Abubakar S, Wong WF. Zika Virus Vaccine: The Current State of Affairs and Challenges Posed by Antibody-Dependent Enhancement Reaction. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:586-596. [PMID: 36301533 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Choon Cheong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yi Ying Cheok
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Teng Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sofiah Sulaiman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed F. Alshanon
- Center of Biotechnology Researches, University of Al-Nahrain, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Jamiyah Hassan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly Abubakar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Educational Center (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Huang Y, Zhang H, Li X, Zhao L, Cai D, Wang S, Ren N, Ma H, Huang D, Wang F, Yuan Z, Zhang B, Xia H. In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of a New Strain of Mosquito Flavivirus Derived from Culicoides. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061298. [PMID: 35746769 PMCID: PMC9229015 DOI: 10.3390/v14061298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-specific flaviviruses comprise a group of insect-specific viruses with a single positive RNA, which can affect the duplication of mosquito-borne viruses and the life growth of mosquitoes, and which have the potential to be developed as a vaccine platform for mosquito-borne viruses. In this study, a strain of mosquito flavivirus (MFV) YN15-283-02 was detected in Culicoides collected from Yunnan, China. The isolation of the purified MFV YN15-283-02 from cell culture failed, and the virus was then rescued by an infectious clone. To study the biological features of MFV YN15-283-02 in vitro and in vivo, electron microscopy, phylogenetic tree, and viral growth kinetic analyses were performed in both cell lines and mosquitoes. The rescued MFV (rMFV) YN15-283-02 duplicated and reached a peak in C6/36 cells at 6 d.p.i. with approximately 2 × 106 RNA copies/μL (RNA to cell ratio of 0.1), but without displaying a cytopathic effect. In addition, the infection rate for the rMFV in Ae.aegypti show a low level in both larvae (≤15%) and adult mosquitoes (≤12%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Lu Zhao
- Westlake Disease Modeling Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China;
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Dirui Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Shunlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nanjie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haixia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Doudou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (H.X.); Tel.: +86-27-87197607 (B.Z.); +86-27-87198120 (H.X.)
| | - Han Xia
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (H.X.); Tel.: +86-27-87197607 (B.Z.); +86-27-87198120 (H.X.)
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17
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Measles-based Zika vaccine induces long-term immunity and requires NS1 antibodies to protect the female reproductive tract. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:43. [PMID: 35440656 PMCID: PMC9018676 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause devastating effects in the unborn fetus of pregnant women. To develop a candidate vaccine that can protect human fetuses, we generated a panel of live measles vaccine (MV) vectors expressing ZIKV-E and -NS1. Our MV-based ZIKV-E vaccine, MV-E2, protected mice from the non-lethal Zika Asian strain (PRVABC59) and the lethal African strain (MR766) challenge. Despite 100% survival of the MV-E2 mice, however, complete viral clearance was not achieved in the brain and reproductive tract of the lethally challenged mice. We then tested MV-based vaccines that expressed E and NS1 together or separately in two different vaccines. We observed complete clearance of ZIKV from the female reproductive tract and complete fetal protection in the lethal African challenge model in animals that received the dual antigen vaccines. Additionally, MV-E2 and MV-NS1, when administered together, induced durable plasma cell responses. Our findings suggest that NS1 antibodies are required to enhance the protection of ZIKV-E antibodies in the female reproductive tract.
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18
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Tan LY, Komarasamy TV, James W, Balasubramaniam VRMT. Host Molecules Regulating Neural Invasion of Zika Virus and Drug Repurposing Strategy. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:743147. [PMID: 35308394 PMCID: PMC8931420 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.743147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus. Although ZIKV infection is usually known to exhibit mild clinical symptoms, intrauterine ZIKV infections have been associated with severe neurological manifestations, including microcephaly and Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS). Therefore, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms of ZIKV entry into the central nervous system (CNS) and its effect on brain cells. Several routes of neuro-invasion have been identified, among which blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption is the commonest mode of access. The molecular receptors involved in viral entry remain unknown; with various proposed molecular ZIKV-host interactions including potential non-receptor mediated cellular entry. As ZIKV invade neuronal cells, they trigger neurotoxic mechanisms via cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous pathways, resulting in neurogenesis dysfunction, viral replication, and cell death, all of which eventually lead to microcephaly. Together, our understanding of the biological mechanisms of ZIKV exposure would aid in the development of anti-ZIKV therapies targeting host cellular and/or viral components to combat ZIKV infection and its neurological manifestations. In this present work, we review the current understanding of ZIKV entry mechanisms into the CNS and its implications on the brain. We also highlight the status of the drug repurposing approach for the development of potential antiviral drugs against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin Tan
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, QLD, Australia
| | - Thamil Vaani Komarasamy
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - William James
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vinod R. M. T. Balasubramaniam
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Vinod R. M. T. Balasubramaniam,
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Dorjsuren D, Eastman RT, Song MJ, Yasgar A, Chen Y, Bharti K, Zakharov AV, Jadhav A, Ferrer M, Shi PY, Simeonov A. A platform of assays for the discovery of anti-Zika small-molecules with activity in a 3D-bioprinted outer-blood-retina model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261821. [PMID: 35041689 PMCID: PMC8765781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The global health emergency posed by the outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV), an arthropod-borne flavivirus causing severe neonatal neurological conditions, has subsided, but there continues to be transmission of ZIKV in endemic regions. As such, there is still a medical need for discovering and developing therapeutical interventions against ZIKV. To identify small-molecule compounds that inhibit ZIKV disease and transmission, we screened multiple small-molecule collections, mostly derived from natural products, for their ability to inhibit wild-type ZIKV. As a primary high-throughput screen, we used a viral cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay conducted in Vero cells that was optimized and miniaturized to a 1536-well format. Suitably active compounds identified from the primary screen were tested in a panel of orthogonal assays using recombinant Zika viruses, including a ZIKV Renilla luciferase reporter assay and a ZIKV mCherry reporter system. Compounds that were active in the wild-type ZIKV inhibition and ZIKV reporter assays were further evaluated for their inhibitory effects against other flaviviruses. Lastly, we demonstrated that wild-type ZIKV is able to infect a 3D-bioprinted outer-blood-retina barrier tissue model and disrupt its barrier function, as measured by electrical resistance. One of the identified compounds (3-Acetyl-13-deoxyphomenone, NCGC00380955) was able to prevent the pathological effects of the viral infection on this clinically relevant ZIKV infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorjbal Dorjsuren
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard T. Eastman
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Min Jae Song
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adam Yasgar
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yuchi Chen
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kapil Bharti
- Unit on Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexey V. Zakharov
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Anton Simeonov
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Lee LJ, Komarasamy TV, Adnan NAA, James W, Rmt Balasubramaniam V. Hide and Seek: The Interplay Between Zika Virus and the Host Immune Response. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750365. [PMID: 34745123 PMCID: PMC8566937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) received worldwide attention over the past decade when outbreaks of the disease were found to be associated with severe neurological syndromes and congenital abnormalities. Unlike most other flaviviruses, ZIKV can spread through sexual and transplacental transmission, adding to the complexity of Zika pathogenesis and clinical outcomes. In addition, the spread of ZIKV in flavivirus-endemic regions, and the high degree of structural and sequence homology between Zika and its close cousin Dengue have raised questions on the interplay between ZIKV and the pre-existing immunity to other flaviviruses and the potential immunopathogenesis. The Zika epidemic peaked in 2016 and has affected over 80 countries worldwide. The re-emergence of large-scale outbreaks in the future is certainly a possibility. To date, there has been no approved antiviral or vaccine against the ZIKV. Therefore, continuing Zika research and developing an effective antiviral and vaccine is essential to prepare the world for a future Zika epidemic. For this purpose, an in-depth understanding of ZIKV interaction with many different pathways in the human host and how it exploits the host immune response is required. For successful infection, the virus has developed elaborate mechanisms to escape the host response, including blocking host interferon response and shutdown of certain host cell translation. This review provides a summary on the key host factors that facilitate ZIKV entry and replication and the mechanisms by which ZIKV antagonizes antiviral innate immune response and involvement of adaptive immune response leading to immunopathology. We also discuss how ZIKV modulates the host immune response during sexual transmission and pregnancy to induce infection, how the cross-reactive immunity from other flaviviruses impacts ZIKV infection, and provide an update on the current status of ZIKV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lim Jack Lee
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Thamil Vaani Komarasamy
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amelia Azreen Adnan
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - William James
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vinod Rmt Balasubramaniam
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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21
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Balint E, Montemarano A, Feng E, Ashkar AA. From Mosquito Bites to Sexual Transmission: Evaluating Mouse Models of Zika Virus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112244. [PMID: 34835050 PMCID: PMC8625727 DOI: 10.3390/v13112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in Latin America, ZIKV has emerged as a global health threat due to its ability to induce neurological disease in both adults and the developing fetus. ZIKV is largely mosquito-borne and is now endemic in many parts of Africa, Asia, and South America. However, several reports have demonstrated persistent ZIKV infection of the male reproductive tract and evidence of male-to-female sexual transmission of ZIKV. Sexual transmission may broaden the reach of ZIKV infections beyond its current geographical limits, presenting a significant threat worldwide. Several mouse models of ZIKV infection have been developed to investigate ZIKV pathogenesis and develop effective vaccines and therapeutics. However, the majority of these models focus on mosquito-borne infection, while few have considered the impact of sexual transmission on immunity and pathogenesis. This review will examine the advantages and disadvantages of current models of mosquito-borne and sexually transmitted ZIKV and provide recommendations for the effective use of ZIKV mouse models.
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22
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Porier DL, Wilson SN, Auguste DI, Leber A, Coutermarsh-Ott S, Allen IC, Caswell CC, Budnick JA, Bassaganya-Riera J, Hontecillas R, Weger-Lucarelli J, Weaver SC, Auguste AJ. Enemy of My Enemy: A Novel Insect-Specific Flavivirus Offers a Promising Platform for a Zika Virus Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101142. [PMID: 34696250 PMCID: PMC8539214 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination remains critical for viral disease outbreak prevention and control, but conventional vaccine development typically involves trade-offs between safety and immunogenicity. We used a recently discovered insect-specific flavivirus as a vector in order to develop an exceptionally safe, flavivirus vaccine candidate with single-dose efficacy. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of this platform, we created a chimeric Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine candidate, designated Aripo/Zika virus (ARPV/ZIKV). ZIKV has caused immense economic and public health impacts throughout the Americas and remains a significant public health threat. ARPV/ZIKV vaccination showed exceptional safety due to ARPV/ZIKV’s inherent vertebrate host-restriction. ARPV/ZIKV showed no evidence of replication or translation in vitro and showed no hematological, histological or pathogenic effects in vivo. A single-dose immunization with ARPV/ZIKV induced rapid and robust neutralizing antibody and cellular responses, which offered complete protection against ZIKV-induced morbidity, mortality and in utero transmission in immune-competent and -compromised murine models. Splenocytes derived from vaccinated mice demonstrated significant CD4+ and CD8+ responses and significant cytokine production post-antigen exposure. Altogether, our results further support that chimeric insect-specific flaviviruses are a promising strategy to restrict flavivirus emergence via vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L. Porier
- Department of Entomology, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (D.L.P.); (S.N.W.); (D.I.A.)
| | - Sarah N. Wilson
- Department of Entomology, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (D.L.P.); (S.N.W.); (D.I.A.)
| | - Dawn I. Auguste
- Department of Entomology, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (D.L.P.); (S.N.W.); (D.I.A.)
| | - Andrew Leber
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (A.L.); (J.B.-R.); (R.H.)
| | - Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (S.C.-O.); (I.C.A.); (C.C.C.); (J.A.B.); (J.W.-L.)
| | - Irving C. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (S.C.-O.); (I.C.A.); (C.C.C.); (J.A.B.); (J.W.-L.)
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Clayton C. Caswell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (S.C.-O.); (I.C.A.); (C.C.C.); (J.A.B.); (J.W.-L.)
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - James A. Budnick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (S.C.-O.); (I.C.A.); (C.C.C.); (J.A.B.); (J.W.-L.)
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (A.L.); (J.B.-R.); (R.H.)
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (A.L.); (J.B.-R.); (R.H.)
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (S.C.-O.); (I.C.A.); (C.C.C.); (J.A.B.); (J.W.-L.)
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Scott C. Weaver
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Albert J. Auguste
- Department of Entomology, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (D.L.P.); (S.N.W.); (D.I.A.)
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Correspondence:
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23
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Current Progress in the Development of Zika Virus Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9091004. [PMID: 34579241 PMCID: PMC8472938 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9091004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus first discovered in the Americas. ZIKV infection is insidious based on its mild clinical symptoms observed after infection. In Brazil, after 2015, ZIKV infection broke out on a large scale, and many infected pregnant women gave birth to babies with microcephaly. The teratogenic effects of the virus on the fetus and its effects on nerves and the immune system have attracted great attention. Currently, no specific prophylactics or therapeutics are clinically available to treat ZIKV infection. Development of a safe and effective vaccine is essential to prevent the rise of any potential pandemic. In this review, we summarize the latest research on Zika vaccine development based on different strategies, including DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines, virus-vector-based vaccines, inactivated vaccines, virus-like particles (VLPs), mRNA-based vaccines, and others. We anticipate that this review will facilitate further progress toward the development of effective and safe vaccines against ZIKV infection.
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Choi JA, Wu K, Kim GN, Saeedian N, Seon SH, Park G, Jung DI, Jeong HW, Kim NH, Seo SH, Lee S, Song M, Kang CY. Induction of protective immune responses against a lethal Zika virus challenge post-vaccination with a dual serotype of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus carrying the genetically modified Zika virus E protein gene. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 33913804 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a vaccine to prevent Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been one of the priorities in infectious disease research in recent years. There have been numerous attempts to develop an effective vaccine against ZIKV. It is imperative to choose the safest and the most effective ZIKV vaccine from all candidate vaccines to control this infection globally. We have employed a dual serotype of prime-boost recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vaccine strategy, to develop a ZIKV vaccine candidate, using a type 1 IFN-receptor knock-out (Ifnar -/-) mouse model for challenge studies. Prime vaccination with an attenuated recombinant VSV Indiana serotype (rVSVInd) carrying a genetically modified ZIKV envelope (E) protein gene followed by boost vaccination with attenuated recombinant VSV New Jersey serotype (rVSVNJ) carrying the same E gene induced robust adaptive immune responses. In particular, rVSV carrying the ZIKV E gene with the honeybee melittin signal peptide (msp) at the N terminus and VSV G protein transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail (Gtc) at the C terminus of the E gene induced strong protective immune responses. This vaccine regimen induced highly potent neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses in the absence of an adjuvant and protected Ifnar -/- mice from a lethal dose of the ZIKV challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ah Choi
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunyu Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Gyoung Nyoun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Nasrin Saeedian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Seung Han Seon
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayoung Park
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Im Jung
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoe Won Jeong
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Hyung Kim
- Sumagen, 4F Dongwon Bldg, Teheran-ro 77-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06159, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hwan Seo
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyun Lee
- Sumagen, 4F Dongwon Bldg, Teheran-ro 77-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06159, Republic of Korea
| | - Manki Song
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - C Yong Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 2V4, Canada
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Nunes JGC, Nunes BTD, Shan C, Moraes AF, Silva TR, de Mendonça MHR, das Chagas LL, Silva FAE, Azevedo RSS, da Silva EVP, Martins LC, Chiang JO, Casseb LMN, Henriques DF, Vasconcelos PFC, Burbano RMR, Shi PY, Medeiros DBA. Reporter Virus Neutralization Test Evaluation for Dengue and Zika Virus Diagnosis in Flavivirus Endemic Area. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070840. [PMID: 34357990 PMCID: PMC8308650 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reporter virus neutralization test (RVNT) has been used as an alternative to the more laborious and time-demanding conventional PRNT assay for both DENV and ZIKV. However, few studies have investigated how these techniques would perform in epidemic areas with the circulation of multiple flavivirus. Here, we evaluate the performance of ZIKV and DENV Rluc RVNT and ZIKV mCh RVNT assays in comparison to the conventional PRNT assay against patient sera collected before and during ZIKV outbreak in Brazil. These samples were categorized into groups based on (1) acute and convalescent samples according to the time of disease, and (2) laboratorial diagnostic results (DENV and ZIKV RT-PCR and IgM-capture ELISA). Our results showed that DENV Rluc assay presented 100% and 78.3% sensitivity and specificity, respectively, with 93.3% accuracy, a similar performance to the traditional PRNT. ZIKV RVNT90, on the other hand, showed much better ZIKV antibody detection performance (around nine-fold higher) when compared to PRNT, with 88% clinical sensitivity. Specificity values were on average 76.8%. Even with these results, however, ZIKV RVNT90 alone was not able to reach a final diagnostic conclusion for secondary infection in human samples due to flavivirus cross reaction. As such, in regions where the flavivirus differential diagnosis represents a challenge, we suggest the establishment of a RVNT panel including other flaviviruses circulating in the region, associated with the other serological techniques such as IgM ELISA and the investigation of seroconversion, in order to help define an accurate diagnostic conclusion using serology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannyce G. C. Nunes
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (J.G.C.N.); (B.T.D.N.); (C.S.); (P.-Y.S.)
- Post Graduation Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon, Belém 66050-540, PA, Brazil
| | - Bruno T. D. Nunes
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (J.G.C.N.); (B.T.D.N.); (C.S.); (P.-Y.S.)
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Chao Shan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (J.G.C.N.); (B.T.D.N.); (C.S.); (P.-Y.S.)
| | - Adriana F. Moraes
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Tais R. Silva
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Maria H. R. de Mendonça
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Liliane L. das Chagas
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Franco A. e Silva
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Raimunda S. S. Azevedo
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Eliana V. P. da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Livia C. Martins
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Jannifer O. Chiang
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Livia M. N. Casseb
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Daniele F. Henriques
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
- Science and Health Institute, Pará State University, Belém 66113-010, PA, Brazil
| | - Rommel M. R. Burbano
- Biological Sciences Institute, ICS, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66050-000, PA, Brazil;
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (J.G.C.N.); (B.T.D.N.); (C.S.); (P.-Y.S.)
| | - Daniele B. A. Medeiros
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (J.G.C.N.); (B.T.D.N.); (C.S.); (P.-Y.S.)
- Post Graduation Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon, Belém 66050-540, PA, Brazil
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-9132-142-279
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Zammit A, Helwerda L, Olsthoorn RCL, Verbeek FJ, Gultyaev AP. A database of flavivirus RNA structures with a search algorithm for pseudoknots and triple base interactions. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:956-962. [PMID: 32866223 PMCID: PMC8128465 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation The Flavivirus genus includes several important pathogens, such as Zika, dengue and yellow fever virus. Flavivirus RNA genomes contain a number of functionally important structures in their 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs). Due to the diversity of sequences and topologies of these structures, their identification is often difficult. In contrast, predictions of such structures are important for understanding of flavivirus replication cycles and development of antiviral strategies. Results We have developed an algorithm for structured pattern search in RNA sequences, including secondary structures, pseudoknots and triple base interactions. Using the data on known conserved flavivirus 3′UTR structures, we constructed structural descriptors which covered the diversity of patterns in these motifs. The descriptors and the search algorithm were used for the construction of a database of flavivirus 3′UTR structures. Validating this approach, we identified a number of domains matching a general pattern of exoribonuclease Xrn1-resistant RNAs in the growing group of insect-specific flaviviruses. Availability and implementation The Leiden Flavivirus RNA Structure Database is available at https://rna.liacs.nl. The search algorithm is available at https://github.com/LeidenRNA/SRHS. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Zammit
- Group Imaging & Bioinformatics, Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS), Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leon Helwerda
- Group Imaging & Bioinformatics, Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS), Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - René C L Olsthoorn
- Group Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fons J Verbeek
- Group Imaging & Bioinformatics, Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS), Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander P Gultyaev
- Group Imaging & Bioinformatics, Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS), Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
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Palmitoleate Protects against Zika Virus-Induced Placental Trophoblast Apoptosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060643. [PMID: 34200091 PMCID: PMC8226770 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy is associated with the development of microcephaly, intrauterine growth restriction, and ocular damage in the fetus. ZIKV infection of the placenta plays a crucial role in the vertical transmission from the maternal circulation to the fetus. Our previous study suggested that ZIKV induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis of placental trophoblasts. Here, we showed that palmitoleate, an omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid, prevents ZIKV-induced ER stress and apoptosis in placental trophoblasts. Human trophoblast cell lines (JEG-3 and JAR) and normal immortalized trophoblasts (HTR-8) were used. We observed that ZIKV infection of the trophoblasts resulted in apoptosis and treatment of palmitoleate to ZIKV-infected cells significantly prevented apoptosis. However, palmitate (saturated fatty acid) did not offer protection from ZIKV-induced ER stress and apoptosis. We also observed that the Zika viral RNA copies were decreased, and the cell viability improved in ZIKV-infected cells treated with palmitoleate as compared to the infected cells without palmitoleate treatment. Further, palmitoleate was shown to protect against ZIKV-induced upregulation of ER stress markers, C/EBP homologous protein and X-box binding protein-1 splicing in placental trophoblasts. In conclusion, our studies suggest that palmitoleate protects placental trophoblasts against ZIKV-induced ER stress and apoptosis.
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Pletnev AG, Maximova OA, Liu G, Kenney H, Nagata BM, Zagorodnyaya T, Moore I, Chumakov K, Tsetsarkin KA. Epididymal epithelium propels early sexual transmission of Zika virus in the absence of interferon signaling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2469. [PMID: 33927207 PMCID: PMC8084954 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of Zika virus (ZIKV) sexual transmission (ST) among humans challenges our understanding of the maintenance of mosquito-borne viruses in nature. Here we dissected the relative contributions of the components of male reproductive system (MRS) during early male-to-female ZIKV transmission by utilizing mice with altered antiviral responses, in which ZIKV is provided an equal opportunity to be seeded in the MRS tissues. Using microRNA-targeted ZIKV clones engineered to abolish viral infectivity to different parts of the MRS or a library of ZIKV genomes with unique molecular identifiers, we pinpoint epithelial cells of the epididymis (rather than cells of the testis, vas deferens, prostate, or seminal vesicles) as a most likely source of the sexually transmitted ZIKV genomes during the early (most productive) phase of ZIKV shedding into the semen. Incorporation of this mechanistic knowledge into the development of a live-attenuated ZIKV vaccine restricts its ST potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Pletnev
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olga A Maximova
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guangping Liu
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heather Kenney
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bianca M Nagata
- Infectious Disease and Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Tatiana Zagorodnyaya
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ian Moore
- Infectious Disease and Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Konstantin Chumakov
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Konstantin A Tsetsarkin
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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29
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Wan S, Cao S, Wang X, Zhou Y, Yan W, Gu X, Wu TC, Pang X. Evaluation of Vertebrate-Specific Replication-Defective Zika Virus, a Novel Single-Cycle Arbovirus Vaccine, in a Mouse Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040338. [PMID: 33916109 PMCID: PMC8065927 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavivirus Zika (ZIKV) has emerged as a global threat, making the development of a ZIKV vaccine a priority. While live-attenuated vaccines are known to induce long-term immunity but reduced safety, inactivated vaccines exhibit a weaker immune response as a trade-off for increased safety margins. To overcome the trade-off between immunogenicity and safety, the concept of a third-generation flavivirus vaccine based on single-cycle flaviviruses has been developed. These third-generation flavivirus vaccines have demonstrated extreme potency with a high level of safety in animal models. However, the production of these single-cycle, encapsidation-defective flaviviruses requires a complicated virion packaging system. Here, we investigated a new single-cycle flavivirus vaccine, a vertebrate-specific replication-defective ZIKV (VSRD-ZIKV), in a mouse model. VSRD-ZIKV replicates to high titers in insect cells but can only initiate a single-round infection in vertebrate cells. During a single round of infection, VSRD-ZIKV can express all the authentic viral antigens in vertebrate hosts. VSRD-ZIKV immunization elicited a robust cellular and humoral immune response that protected against a lethal ZIKV challenge in AG129 mice. Additionally, VSRD-ZIKV-immunized pregnant mice were protected against vertically transferring a lethal ZIKV infection to their offspring. Immunized male mice were protected and prevented viral accumulation in the testes after being challenged with lethal ZIKV. Overall, our results indicate that VSRD-ZIKV induces a potent protective immunity against ZIKV in a mouse model and represents a promising approach to develop novel single-cycle arbovirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfeng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.W.); (S.C.); (X.W.); (W.Y.)
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA;
| | - Shengbo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.W.); (S.C.); (X.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Xugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.W.); (S.C.); (X.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Yanfei Zhou
- Tegen Biomedical Co., Rockville, MD 20851, USA;
| | - Weidong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.W.); (S.C.); (X.W.); (W.Y.)
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA;
| | - Xinbin Gu
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA;
| | - Tzyy-Choou Wu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD 2128, USA;
| | - Xiaowu Pang
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Lunardelli VAS, Apostolico JDS, Fernandes ER, Santoro Rosa D. Zika virus-an update on the current efforts for vaccine development. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:904-908. [PMID: 32780659 PMCID: PMC7993142 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1796428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2015, the world witnessed the resurgence and global spread of Zika virus (ZIKV). This arbovirus infection is associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and with devastating congenital malformations during pregnancy. Despite scientific efforts, the development of a vaccine capable of inducing long-term protection has been challenging. Without a safe and efficacious licensed vaccine, control of virus transmission is based on vector control, but this strategy has been shown to be inefficient. An effective and protective vaccine relies on several requirements, which include: (i) induction of specific immune response against immunodominant antigens; (ii) selection of adjuvant-antigen formulation; and (iii) assessment of safety, effectiveness, and long-term protection. In this commentary, we provide a brief overview about the current efforts for the development of an efficacious ZIKV vaccine, covering the most important preclinical trials up to the formulations that are now being evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana De Souza Apostolico
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar Ruz Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Santoro Rosa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil,CONTACT Daniela Santoro Rosa Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), Rua Botucatu, 862, 4o andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brasil
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31
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Rokade S, Upadhya M, Bhat DS, Subhedar N, Yajnik CS, Ghose A, Rath S, Bal V. Transient systemic inflammation in adult male mice results in underweight progeny. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13401. [PMID: 33576153 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM While the testes represent an immune-privileged organ, there is evidence that systemic inflammation is accompanied by local inflammatory responses. We therefore examined whether transient systemic inflammation caused any inflammatory and functional consequences in murine testes. METHOD OF STUDY Using a single systemic administration of Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists [lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or peptidoglycan (PG) or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyIC)] in young adult male mice, we assessed testicular immune-inflammatory landscape and reproductive functionality. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated a significant induction of testicular TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 transcripts within 24 h of TLR agonist injection. By day 6, these cytokine levels returned to baseline. While there was no change in caudal sperm counts at early time points, eight weeks later, twofold decrease in sperm count and reduced testicular testosterone levels were evident. When these mice were subjected to mating studies, no differences in mating efficiencies or litter sizes were observed compared with controls. Nonetheless, the neonatal weights of progeny from LPS/PG/polyIC-treated sires were significantly lower than controls. Postnatal weight gain up to three weeks was also slower in the progeny of LPS/polyIC-treated sires. Placental weights at 17.5 days post-coitum were significantly lower in females mated to LPS- and polyIC-treated males. Given this likelihood of an epigenetic effect, we found lower testicular levels of histone methyltransferase enzyme, mixed-lineage leukaemia-1, in mice given LPS/PG/polyIC 8 weeks earlier. CONCLUSION Exposure to transient systemic inflammation leads to transient local inflammation in the testes, with persistent sperm-mediated consequences for foetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushama Rokade
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Manoj Upadhya
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | | | | | | | - Aurnab Ghose
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Satyajit Rath
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India.,KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Vineeta Bal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
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32
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Zhang X, Li G, Chen G, Zhu N, Wu D, Wu Y, James TD. Recent progresses and remaining challenges for the detection of Zika virus. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2039-2108. [PMID: 33559917 DOI: 10.1002/med.21786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a particularly notorious mosquito-borne flavivirus, which can lead to a devastating congenital syndrome in the fetuses of pregnant mothers (e.g., microcephaly, spasticity, craniofacial disproportion, miscarriage, and ocular abnormalities) and cause the autoimmune disorder Guillain-Barre' syndrome of adults. Due to its severity and rapid dispersal over several continents, ZIKV has been acknowledged to be a global health concern by the World Health Organization. Unfortunately, the ZIKV has recently resurged in India with the potential for devastating effects. Researchers from all around the world have worked tirelessly to develop effective detection strategies and vaccines for the prevention and control of ZIKV infection. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the most recent research into ZIKV, including the structural biology and evolution, historical overview, pathogenesis, symptoms, and transmission. We then focus on the detection strategies for ZIKV, including viral isolation, serological assays, molecular assays, sensing methods, reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification, transcription-mediated amplification technology, reverse transcription strand invasion based amplification, bioplasmonic paper-based device, and reverse transcription isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification. To conclude, we examine the limitations of currently available strategies for the detection of ZIKV, and outline future opportunities and research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Guang Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Niu Zhu
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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Yang R, Liu Q, Pang W, Gao F, Liang H, Zhang W, Lin Y, Li M, Liu Z, Gao GF, Zhang L, Xiao H, Zheng Y, Huang Z, Jin X. Two immunogenic recombinant protein vaccine candidates showed disparate protective efficacy against Zika virus infection in rhesus macaques. Vaccine 2021; 39:915-925. [PMID: 33451779 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has caused major public health problems recently. To develop subunit vaccines for ZIKV, we have previously constructed recombinant ZIKV envelope protein domain III (EDIII), and the entire ectodomain (E80, which comprises EDI, EDII and EDIII), as vaccine candidates and showed both of them being immunogenic and protective in murine models. In this follow-up study, we compared these vaccine candidates in non-human primates. Both of them elicited neutralizing antibody responses, but only E80 immunization inhibited ZIKV infection in both peripheral blood and monkey tissues, whereas EDIII increased blood ZIKV RNA through possibly antibody-dependent enhancement. Further investigations revealed that the virion-binding antibody response in E80 immunized monkeys persisted longer and stronger than in EDIII immunized monkeys. These results demonstrate that E80 is superior to EDIII as a vaccine candidate, and that the magnitude, quality and durability of virion-binding neutralizing antibodies are correlates of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoheng Yang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingwei Liu
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huabin Liang
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - George F Gao
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linqi Zhang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongtang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xia Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Wan S, Cao S, Wang X, Zhou Y, Yan W, Gu X, Wu TC, Pang X. Generation and preliminary characterization of vertebrate-specific replication-defective Zika virus. Virology 2021; 552:73-82. [PMID: 33075709 PMCID: PMC7733535 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that replicates in both vertebrate and insect cells, whereas insect-specific flaviviruses (ISF) replicate only in insect cells. We sought to convert ZIKV, from a dual-tropic flavivirus, into an insect-specific virus for the eventual development of a safe ZIKV vaccine. Reverse genetics was used to introduce specific mutations into the furin cleavage motif within the ZIKV pre-membrane protein (prM). Mutant clones were selected, which replicated well in C6/36 insect cells but exhibited reduced replication in non-human primate (Vero) cells. Further characterization of the furin cleavage site mutants indicated they replicated poorly in both human (HeLa, U251), and baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells. One clone with the induced mutation in the prM protein and at positions 291and 452 within the NS3 protein was totally and stably replication-defective in vertebrate cells (VSRD-ZIKV). Preliminary studies in ZIKV sensitive, immunodeficient mice demonstrated that VSRD-ZIKV-infected mice survived and were virus-negative. Our study indicates that a reverse genetic approach targeting the furin cleavage site in prM can be used to select an insect-specific ZIKV with the potential utility as a vaccine strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfeng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20059, USA; Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Shengbo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | | | - Weidong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Xinbin Gu
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Tzyy-Choou Wu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Xiaowu Pang
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20059, USA.
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35
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Yang W, Wu YH, Liu SQ, Sheng ZY, Zhen ZD, Gao RQ, Cui XY, Fan DY, Qin ZH, Zheng AH, Wang PG, An J. S100A4+ macrophages facilitate zika virus invasion and persistence in the seminiferous tubules via interferon-gamma mediation. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009019. [PMID: 33315931 PMCID: PMC7769614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular invasion and persistence are features of Zika virus (ZIKV), but their mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we showed that S100A4+ macrophages, a myeloid macrophage subpopulation with susceptibility to ZIKV infection, facilitated ZIKV invasion and persistence in the seminiferous tubules. In ZIKV-infected mice, S100A4+ macrophages were specifically recruited into the interstitial space of testes and differentiated into interferon-γ-expressing M1 macrophages. With interferon-γ mediation, S100A4+ macrophages down-regulated Claudin-1 expression and induced its redistribution from the cytosol to nucleus, thus increasing the permeability of the blood-testis barrier which facilitated S100A4+ macrophages invasion into the seminiferous tubules. Intraluminal S100A4+ macrophages were segregated from CD8+ T cells and consequently helped ZIKV evade cellular immunity. As a result, ZIKV continued to replicate in intraluminal S100A4+ macrophages even when the spermatogenic cells disappeared. Deficiencies in S100A4 or interferon-γ signaling both reduced ZIKV infection in the seminiferous tubules. These results demonstrated crucial roles of S100A4+ macrophages in ZIKV infection in testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Hua Wu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Qing Liu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Yang Sheng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Da Zhen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Qi Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Cui
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Science and Technology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Ying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Hai Qin
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Hua Zheng
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Gang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (PGW); , (JA)
| | - Jing An
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (PGW); , (JA)
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36
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Nunes BTD, Fontes-Garfias CR, Shan C, Muruato AE, Nunes JGC, Burbano RMR, Vasconcelos PFC, Shi PY, Medeiros DBA. Zika structural genes determine the virulence of African and Asian lineages. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:1023-1033. [PMID: 32419649 PMCID: PMC8284969 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1753583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Asian lineage of Zika virus (ZIKV) is responsible for the recent epidemics in the Americas and severe disease, whereas the African lineage of ZIKV has not been reported to cause epidemics or severe disease. We constructed a cDNA infectious clone (IC) of an African ZIKV strain, which, together with our previously developed Asian ZIKV strain IC, allowed us to engineer chimeric viruses by swapping the structural and non-structural genes between the two lineages. Recombinant parental and chimeric viruses were analyzed in A129 and newborn CD1 mouse models. In the A129 mice, the African strain developed higher viremia, organ viral loading, and mortality rate. In CD1 mice, the African strain exhibited a higher neurovirulence than the Asian strain. A chimeric virus containing the structural genes from the African strain is more virulent than the Asian strain, whereas a chimeric virus containing the non-structural genes from the African strain exhibited a virulence comparable to the Asian strain. These results suggest that (i) African strain is more virulent than Asian strain and (ii) viral structural genes primarily determine the virulence difference between the two lineages in mouse models. Other factors may contribute to the discrepancy between the mouse and epidemic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno T D Nunes
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Galveston, TX, USA.,Health Sciences Institute, Belem, Brazil
| | | | - Chao Shan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Antonio E Muruato
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jannyce G C Nunes
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Galveston, TX, USA.,Health Sciences Institute, Belem, Brazil
| | - Rommel M R Burbano
- Health Sciences Institute, Belem, Brazil.,Biological Sciences Institute - ICS, Federal University of Pará, Belem, Brazil
| | - Pedro F C Vasconcelos
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Pará State University Belém, Brazil
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Galveston, TX, USA.,Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, Galveston, TX, USA.,Institute for Translational Science, Galveston, TX, USA.,Sealy Institute of Vaccine Sciences, Galveston, TX, USA.,Sealy Center for Structural Biology & Molecular Biophysics, Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Daniele B A Medeiros
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Galveston, TX, USA.,Post Graduation Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil.,Health Sciences Institute, Belem, Brazil
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37
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Castanha PMS, Marques ETA. A Glimmer of Hope: Recent Updates and Future Challenges in Zika Vaccine Development. Viruses 2020; 12:E1371. [PMID: 33266129 PMCID: PMC7761420 DOI: 10.3390/v12121371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and rapid spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) on a global scale as well as the establishment of a causal link between Zika infection and congenital syndrome and neurological disorders triggered unprecedented efforts towards the development of a safe and effective Zika vaccine. Multiple vaccine platforms, including purified inactivated virus, nucleic acid vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines, and viral-vectored vaccines, have advanced to human clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the field of Zika vaccine development and the challenges for future clinical efficacy trials. We provide a brief overview on Zika vaccine platforms in the pipeline before summarizing the vaccine candidates in clinical trials, with a focus on recent, promising results from vaccine candidates that completed phase I trials. Despite low levels of transmission during recent years, ZIKV has become endemic in the Americas and the potential of large Zika outbreaks remains real. It is important for vaccine developers to continue developing their Zika vaccines, so that a potential vaccine is ready for deployment and clinical efficacy trials when the next ZIKV outbreak occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernesto T. A. Marques
- Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
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38
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Zhan Y, Pang Z, Du Y, Wang W, Yang Y, Wang W, Gao GF, Huang B, Deng Y, Tan W. NS1-based DNA vaccination confers mouse protective immunity against ZIKV challenge. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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39
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Evaluation in Swine of a Recombinant African Swine Fever Virus Lacking the MGF-360-1L Gene. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101193. [PMID: 33092258 PMCID: PMC7589680 DOI: 10.3390/v12101193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever (ASF) pandemic is currently affecting pigs throughout Eurasia, resulting in significant swine production losses. The causative agent, ASF virus (ASFV), is a large, structurally complex virus with a genome encoding more than 160 genes. The function of most of those genes remains unknown. Here, we presented the previously uncharacterized ASFV gene MGF360-1L, the first gene in the genome. The kinetic studies of virus RNA transcription demonstrated that the MGF360-1L gene was transcribed as a late virus protein. The essentiality of MGF360-1L to virus replication was evaluated by developing a recombinant ASFV lacking the gene (ASFV-G-ΔMGF360-1L). In primary swine macrophage cell cultures, ASFV-G-ΔMGF360-1L showed similar replication kinetics as the parental highly virulent field isolate Georgia2007 (ASFV-G). Domestic pigs experimentally infected with ASFV-G-ΔMGF360-1L presented with a clinical disease indistinguishable from that caused by ASFV-G, demonstrating that MGF360-1L was not involved in virulence in swine, the natural host of ASFV.
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40
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Sparks H, Monogue B, Akiyama B, Kieft J, Beckham JD. Disruption of Zika Virus xrRNA1-Dependent sfRNA1 Production Results in Tissue-Specific Attenuated Viral Replication. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101177. [PMID: 33080971 PMCID: PMC7589627 DOI: 10.3390/v12101177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV), like other flaviviruses, produces several species of sub-genomic RNAs (sfRNAs) during infection, corresponding to noncoding RNA fragments of different lengths that result from the exonuclease degradation of the viral 3′ untranslated region (UTR). Over the course of infection, these sfRNAs accumulate in the cell as a result of an incomplete viral genome degradation of the 3′ UTR by the host 5′ to 3′ exoribonuclease, Xrn1. The halting of Xrn1 in the 3′ UTR is due to two RNA pseudoknot structures in the 3′ UTR, termed exoribonuclease-resistant RNA1 and 2 (xrRNA1&2). Studies with related flaviviruses have shown that sfRNAs are important for pathogenicity and inhibiting both mosquito and mammalian host defense mechanisms. However, these investigations have not included ZIKV and there is very limited data addressing how sfRNAs impact infection in a whole animal model or specific tissues. In this study, we generate a sfRNA1-deficient ZIKV (X1) by targeted mutation in the xrRNA1 3′ UTR structure. We find that the X1 virus lacks the production of the largest ZIKV sfRNA species, sfRNA1. Using the X1 virus to infect adult Ifnar1−/− mice, we find that while the lack of sfRNA1 does not alter ZIKV replication in the spleen, there is a significant reduction of ZIKV genome replication in the brain and placenta compared to wild-type ZIKV infection. Despite the attenuated phenotype of the X1 ZIKV, mice develop a robust neutralizing antibody response. We conclude that the targeted disruption of xrRNA1 results in tissue-specific attenuation while still supporting robust neutralizing antibody responses. Future studies will need to investigate the tissue-specific mechanisms by which ZIKV sfRNAs influence infection and may utilize targeted xrRNA mutations to develop novel attenuated flavivirus vaccine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrian Sparks
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Brendan Monogue
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Benjamin Akiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and 4RNA BioScience Initiative, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (B.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Jeffrey Kieft
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and 4RNA BioScience Initiative, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (B.A.); (J.K.)
| | - J. David Beckham
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.S.); (B.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence:
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41
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Yau C, Gan ES, Kwek SS, Tan HC, Ong EZ, Hamis NZ, Rivino L, Chan KR, Watanabe S, Vasudevan SG, Ooi EE. Live vaccine infection burden elicits adaptive humoral and cellular immunity required to prevent Zika virus infection. EBioMedicine 2020; 61:103028. [PMID: 33045466 PMCID: PMC7553235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) as an important cause of congenital and childhood developmental disorders presents another challenge to global health. Efforts to develop a Zika vaccine have begun although vaccine development against flaviviruses, of which ZIKV belongs to, has proven to be time-consuming and challenging. Defining the vaccine attributes that elicit adaptive immune response necessary for preventing ZIKV infection could provide an evidence-based guide to Zika vaccine development. METHODS We used a previously described attenuated ZIKV DN-2 strain in a type-I interferon receptor deficient mouse model and tested the hypothesis that duration of vaccine burden rather than peak level of infection, is a determinant of immunogenicity. We quantified both humoral and cellular responses against ZIKV using plaque reduction neutralisation test and flow cytometry with ELISPOT assays, respectively. Vaccinated mice were challenged with wild-type ZIKV (H/PF/2013 strain) to determine the level of protection against infection. FINDINGS We found that the overall vaccine burden is directly correlated with neutralising antibody titres. Reduced duration of vaccine burden lowered neutralising antibody titres that resulted in subclinical infection, despite unchanged peak vaccine viraemia levels. We also found that sterilising immunity is dependant on both neutralising antibody and CD8+T cell responses; depletion of CD8+T cells in vaccinated animals led to wild-type ZIKV infection, especially in the male reproductive tract. INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate that duration of attenuated virus vaccine burden is a determinant of humoral and cellular immunity and also suggest that vaccines that elicit both arms of the adaptive immune response are needed to fully prevent ZIKV transmission. FUNDING This study was supported by the National Medical Research Council through the Clinician-Scientist Award (Senior Investigator) to E.E.O. Salary support for S.W. was from a Competitive Research Programme grant awarded by the National Research Foundation of Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Yau
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Esther Shuyi Gan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Swee Sen Kwek
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Hwee Cheng Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Eugenia Z Ong
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Noor Zayanah Hamis
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Laura Rivino
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.
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42
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Thomas SJ, Barrett A. Zika vaccine pre-clinical and clinical data review with perspectives on the future development. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2524-2536. [PMID: 32702260 PMCID: PMC7644220 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1730657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika is an arboviral illness caused by infection with the Zika flavivirus. Transmission most commonly occurs during a feeding event involving an infected Aedes mosquito or vertical transmission between an infected mother to her fetus. Infection outcomes range from asymptomatic to devastating neurologic injuries in children infected in utero. The recognition of Congenital Zika Syndrome prompted the declaration of an international health emergency and a call to rapidly develop medical countermeasures such as vaccines and therapeutics. A flurry of research and development activity in industry, government, non-governmental organizations, and academia during the most recent Zika epidemic (2015) stimulated the development of a number of vaccine candidate prototypes, generation of pre-clinical data, and the conduct of early phase human trials. The safety and immunogenicity of different vaccine platforms were demonstrated and mouse and non-human primate passive transfer studies hinted at the potential for clinical benefit in humans and defining an immune correlate of protection. A rapid decline in regional transmission, however, prevented the conduct a clinical endpoint efficacy trial. The pathway to licensure of a Zika vaccine remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Thomas
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA,CONTACT Stephen J. Thomas Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY13210, USA
| | - Alan Barrett
- Department of Pathology and Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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43
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Fontes-Garfias CR, Baker CK, Shi PY. Reverse genetic approaches for the development of Zika vaccines and therapeutics. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 44:7-15. [PMID: 32563700 PMCID: PMC9373025 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In 2015-2016, the little known Zika virus (ZIKV) caused an epidemic, in which it became recognized as a unique human pathogen associated with a range of devastating congenital abnormalities collectively categorized as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). In adults, the virus can trigger the autoimmune disorder Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), characterized by ascending paralysis. In February 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared ZIKV to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The global public health problem prompted academia, industry, and governments worldwide to initiate development of an effective vaccine to prevent another ZIKV epidemic that would put millions at risk. The development of reverse genetic systems for the study and manipulation of RNA viral genomes has revolutionized the field of virology, providing platforms for vaccine and antiviral development. In this review, we discuss the impact of reverse genetic systems on the rapid progress of ZIKV vaccines and antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila R. Fontes-Garfias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Coleman K. Baker
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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44
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Trovato M, Sartorius R, D’Apice L, Manco R, De Berardinis P. Viral Emerging Diseases: Challenges in Developing Vaccination Strategies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2130. [PMID: 33013898 PMCID: PMC7494754 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, a number of infectious viruses have emerged from wildlife or re-emerged, generating serious threats to the global health and to the economy worldwide. Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers, Lassa fever, Dengue fever, Yellow fever, West Nile fever, Zika, and Chikungunya vector-borne diseases, Swine flu, Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the recent Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are examples of zoonoses that have spread throughout the globe with such a significant impact on public health that the scientific community has been called for a rapid intervention in preventing and treating emerging infections. Vaccination is probably the most effective tool in helping the immune system to activate protective responses against pathogens, reducing morbidity and mortality, as proven by historical records. Under health emergency conditions, new and alternative approaches in vaccine design and development are imperative for a rapid and massive vaccination coverage, to manage a disease outbreak and curtail the epidemic spread. This review gives an update on the current vaccination strategies for some of the emerging/re-emerging viruses, and discusses challenges and hurdles to overcome for developing efficacious vaccines against future pathogens.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody-Dependent Enhancement/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention & control
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- SARS-CoV-2
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- COVID-19 Serotherapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Trovato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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45
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Zhang N, Li C, Jiang S, Du L. Recent Advances in the Development of Virus-Like Particle-Based Flavivirus Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030481. [PMID: 32867194 PMCID: PMC7565697 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses include several medically important viruses, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), Dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). They have expanded in geographic distribution and refocused international attention in recent years. Vaccination is one of the most effective public health strategies for combating flavivirus infections. In this review, we summarized virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines against the above four mentioned flaviviruses. Potential strategies to improve the efficacy of VLP-based flavivirus vaccines were also illustrated. The applications of flavivirus VLPs as tools for viral detection and antiviral drug screening were finally proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naru Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; (N.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Chaoqun Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; (N.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Shibo Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (L.D.)
| | - Lanying Du
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (L.D.)
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46
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Immunopathology of Zika virus infection. Adv Virus Res 2020; 107:223-246. [PMID: 32711730 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus of the flavivirus genus in the Flaviviridae family. Flaviviruses are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that have been responsible for numerous human epidemics. Notable flaviviruses include mosquito-borne viruses such as yellow fever virus (YFV), Dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), as well as tick-borne viruses including Powassan virus (POWV) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Despite having been relatively obscure until the past decade, ZIKV has become a major global health concern, and is a topic of active research following multiple outbreaks across the globe. Here, we discuss ZIKV pathogenesis and the associated immunopathology, as well as advances in research, therapies, and vaccines developed using models of ZIKV pathogenesis.
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47
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Kanodia P, Prasanth KR, Roa-Linares VC, Bradrick SS, Garcia-Blanco MA, Miller WA. A rapid and simple quantitative method for specific detection of smaller coterminal RNA by PCR (DeSCo-PCR): application to the detection of viral subgenomic RNAs. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 26:888-901. [PMID: 32238481 PMCID: PMC7297113 DOI: 10.1261/rna.074963.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
RNAs that are 5'-truncated versions of a longer RNA but share the same 3' terminus can be generated by alternative promoters in transcription of cellular mRNAs or by replicating RNA viruses. These truncated RNAs cannot be distinguished from the longer RNA by a simple two-primer RT-PCR because primers that anneal to the cDNA from the smaller RNA also anneal to-and amplify-the longer RNA-derived cDNA. Thus, laborious methods, such as northern blot hybridization, are used to distinguish shorter from longer RNAs. For rapid, low-cost, and specific detection of these truncated RNAs, we report detection of smaller coterminal RNA by PCR (DeSCo-PCR). DeSCo-PCR uses a nonextendable blocking primer (BP), which outcompetes a forward primer (FP) for annealing to longer RNA-derived cDNA, while FP outcompetes BP for annealing to shorter RNA-derived cDNA. In the presence of BP, FP, and the reverse primer, only cDNA from the shorter RNA is amplified in a single-tube reaction containing both RNAs. Many positive strand RNA viruses generate 5'-truncated forms of the genomic RNA (gRNA) called subgenomic RNAs (sgRNA), which play key roles in viral gene expression and pathogenicity. We demonstrate that DeSCo-PCR is easily optimized to selectively detect relative quantities of sgRNAs of red clover necrotic mosaic virus from plants and Zika virus from human cells, each infected with viral strains that generate different amounts of sgRNA. This technique should be readily adaptable to other sgRNA-producing viruses, and for quantitative detection of any truncated or alternatively spliced RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulkit Kanodia
- Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Plant Pathology and Microbiology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - K Reddisiva Prasanth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Vicky C Roa-Linares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
- Molecular and Translational Medicine Group, Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Shelton S Bradrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
- Programme of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Institute of Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - W Allen Miller
- Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Plant Pathology and Microbiology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Pattnaik A, Sahoo BR, Pattnaik AK. Current Status of Zika Virus Vaccines: Successes and Challenges. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020266. [PMID: 32486368 PMCID: PMC7349928 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently emerged Zika virus (ZIKV) spread to the Americas, causing a spectrum of congenital diseases including microcephaly in newborn and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in adults. The unprecedented nature of the epidemic and serious diseases associated with the viral infections prompted the global research community to understand the immunopathogenic mechanisms of the virus and rapidly develop safe and efficacious vaccines. This has led to a number of ZIKV vaccine candidates that have shown significant promise in human clinical trials. These candidates include nucleic acid vaccines, inactivated vaccines, viral-vectored vaccines, and attenuated vaccines. Additionally, a number of vaccine candidates have been shown to protect animals in preclinical studies. However, as the epidemic has waned in the last three years, further development of the most promising vaccine candidates faces challenges in clinical efficacy trials, which is needed before a vaccine is brought to licensure. It is important that a coalition of government funding agencies and private sector companies is established to move forward with a safe and effective vaccine ready for deployment when the next ZIKV epidemic occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryamav Pattnaik
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Bikash R. Sahoo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Asit K. Pattnaik
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-472-1067
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The Cellular Impact of the ZIKA Virus on Male Reproductive Tract Immunology and Physiology. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041006. [PMID: 32325652 PMCID: PMC7226248 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has been reported by several groups as an important virus causing pathological damage in the male reproductive tract. ZIKV can infect and persist in testicular somatic and germ cells, as well as spermatozoa, leading to cell death and testicular atrophy. ZIKV has also been detected in semen samples from ZIKV-infected patients. This has huge implications for human reproduction. Global scientific efforts are being applied to understand the mechanisms related to arboviruses persistency, pathogenesis, and host cellular response to suggest a potential target to develop robust antiviral therapeutics and vaccines. Here, we discuss the cellular modulation of the immunologic and physiologic properties of the male reproductive tract environment caused by arboviruses infection, focusing on ZIKV. We also present an overview of the current vaccine effects and therapeutic targets against ZIKV infection that may impact the testis and male fertility.
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Schrauf S, Tschismarov R, Tauber E, Ramsauer K. Current Efforts in the Development of Vaccines for the Prevention of Zika and Chikungunya Virus Infections. Front Immunol 2020; 11:592. [PMID: 32373111 PMCID: PMC7179680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses represent major challenges to public health, particularly in tropical, and subtropical regions, and a substantial risk to other parts of the world as respective vectors extend their habitats. In recent years, two viruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, Chikungunya and Zika virus, have gathered increased interest. After decades of regionally constrained outbreaks, both viruses have recently caused explosive outbreaks on an unprecedented scale, causing immense suffering and massive economic burdens in affected regions. Chikungunya virus causes an acute febrile illness that often transitions into a chronic manifestation characterized by debilitating arthralgia and/or arthritis in a substantial subset of infected individuals. Zika infection frequently presents as a mild influenza-like illness, often subclinical, but can cause severe complications such as congenital malformations in pregnancy and neurological disorders, including Guillain-Barré syndrome. With no specific treatments or vaccines available, vector control remains the most effective measure to manage spread of these diseases. Given that both viruses cause antibody responses that confer long-term, possibly lifelong protection and that such responses are cross-protective against the various circulating genetic lineages, the development of Zika and Chikungunya vaccines represents a promising route for disease control. In this review we provide a brief overview on Zika and Chikungunya viruses, the etiology and epidemiology of the illnesses they cause and the host immune response against them, before summarizing past and current efforts to develop vaccines to alleviate the burden caused by these emerging diseases. The development of the urgently needed vaccines is hampered by several factors including the unpredictable epidemiology, feasibility of rapid clinical trial implementation during outbreaks and regulatory pathways. We will give an overview of the current developments.
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