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Yang H, Whitby CP, Travas-Sejdic J. Dual-network hydrogel capsules for controlled molecular transport via pH and temperature responsiveness. J Colloid Interface Sci 2025; 677:942-951. [PMID: 39178673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
We have developed innovative core-shell hydrogel capsules with a dual-network shell structure designed for precise control of molecular transport in response to external stimuli such as pH and temperature. The capsules were fabricated using a combination of microfluidic electrospray techniques and water-in-water (w/w) core-shell droplets templating. The primary network of the shell, calcium alginate (Ca-Alg), with a pKa around 3.4, exhibits sensitivity to pH. The secondary network of the shell, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA), undergoes a volume phase transition near 60 °C. These properties enable precise molecular transport control in/out of the capsules by modulating the surface charges through varying pH and modifying pore size through temperature changes. Moreover, the dual-network shell structure not only significantly enhances the mechanical strength of the capsules but also improves their stability under external stimulus, ensuring structural integrity during the transport of molecules. This research lays the groundwork for further investigations into the multimodal stimuli-responsive hydrogel systems to control molecular transport, important in applications such as sensors and reactors for chemical cascade reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Centre for Innovative Materials for Health, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Catherine P Whitby
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand; School of Food Technology and Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Centre for Innovative Materials for Health, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
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2
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Khairallah T, Khoury LR. Aided Porous Medium Emulsification for Functional Hydrogel Microparticles Synthesis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311841. [PMID: 39091048 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite the substantial advancement in developing various hydrogel microparticle (HMP) synthesis methods, emulsification through porous medium to synthesize functional hybrid protein-polymer HMPs has yet to be addressed. Here, the aided porous medium emulsification for hydrogel microparticle synthesis (APME-HMS) system, an innovative approach drawing inspiration from porous medium emulsification is introduced. This method capitalizes on emulsifying immiscible phases within a 3D porous structure for optimal HMP production. Using the APME-HMS system, synthesized responsive bovine serum albumin (BSA) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) HMPs of various sizes are successfully synthesized. Preserving protein structural integrity and functionality enable the formation of cytochrome c (cyt c) - PEGDA HMPs for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection at various concentrations. The flexibility of the APME-HMS system is demonstrated by its ability to efficiently synthesize HMPs using low volumes (≈50 µL) and concentrations (100 µm) of proteins within minutes while preserving proteins' structural and functional properties. Additionally, the capability of the APME-HMS method to produce a diverse array of HMP types enriches the palette of HMP fabrication techniques, presenting it as a cost-effective, biocompatible, and scalable alternative for various biomedical applications, such as controlled drug delivery, 3D printing bio-inks, biosensing devices, with potential implications even in culinary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Khairallah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Luai R Khoury
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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3
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Cao Y, Chao Y, Shum HC. Affinity-Controlled Partitioning of Biomolecules at Aqueous Interfaces and Their Bioanalytic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2409362. [PMID: 39171488 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
All-aqueous phase separation systems play essential roles in bioanalytical and biochemical applications. Compared to conventional oil and organic solvent-based systems, these systems are characterized by their rich bulk and interfacial properties, offering superior biocompatibility. In particular, phase separation in all-aqueous systems facilitates the creation of compartments with specific physicochemical properties, and therefore largely enhances the accessibility of the systems. In addition, the all-aqueous compartments have diverse affinities, with an important property known as partitioning, which can concentrate (bio)molecules toward distinct immiscible phases. This partitioning affinity imparts all-aqueous interfaces with selective permeability, enabling the controlled enrichment of target (bio)molecules. This review introduces the basic principles and applications of partitioning-induced interfacial phenomena in a typical all-aqueous system, namely aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs); these applications include interfacial chemical reactions, bioprinting, and assembly, as well as bio-sensing and detection. The primary challenges associated with designing all-aqueous phase separation systems and several future directions are also discussed, such as the stabilization of aqueous interfaces, the handling of low-volume samples, and exploration of suitable ATPSs compositions with the efficient protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Youchuang Chao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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4
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Bienau A, Jäkel AC, Simmel FC. Cell-Free Gene Expression in Bioprinted Fluidic Networks. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:2447-2456. [PMID: 39042670 PMCID: PMC11334185 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The realization of soft robotic devices with life-like properties requires the engineering of smart, active materials that can respond to environmental cues in similar ways as living cells or organisms. Cell-free expression systems provide an approach for embedding dynamic molecular control into such materials that avoids many of the complexities associated with genuinely living systems. Here, we present a strategy to integrate cell-free protein synthesis within agarose-based hydrogels that can be spatially organized and supplied by a synthetic vasculature. We first utilize an indirect printing approach with a commercial bioprinter and Pluronic F-127 as a fugitive ink to define fluidic channel structures within the hydrogels. We then investigate the impact of the gel matrix on the expression of proteins in E. coli cell-extract, which is found to depend on the gel density and the dilution of the expression system. When supplying the vascularized hydrogels with reactants, larger components such as DNA plasmids are confined to the channels or immobilized in the gels while nanoscale reaction components can diffusively spread within the gel. Using a single supply channel, we demonstrate different spatial protein concentration profiles emerging from different cell-free gene circuits comprising production, gene activation, and negative feedback. Variation of the channel design allows the creation of specific concentration profiles such as a long-term stable gradient or the homogeneous supply of a hydrogel with proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bienau
- TU Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, 85748 Garching
b. München, Germany
| | - Anna C. Jäkel
- TU Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, 85748 Garching
b. München, Germany
| | - Friedrich C. Simmel
- TU Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, 85748 Garching
b. München, Germany
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5
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Cui H, Zhang Y, Liu S, Cao Y, Ma Q, Liu Y, Lin H, Li C, Xiao Y, Hassan SU, Shum HC. Thermo-responsive aqueous two-phase system for two-level compartmentalization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6771. [PMID: 39117632 PMCID: PMC11310206 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical compartmentalization responding to changes in intracellular and extracellular environments is ubiquitous in living eukaryotic cells but remains a formidable task in synthetic systems. Here we report a two-level compartmentalization approach based on a thermo-responsive aqueous two-phase system (TR-ATPS) comprising poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and dextran (DEX). Liquid membraneless compartments enriched in PNIPAM are phase-separated from the continuous DEX solution via liquid-liquid phase separation at 25 °C and shrink dramatically with small second-level compartments generated at the interface, resembling the structure of colloidosome, by increasing the temperature to 35 °C. The TR-ATPS can store biomolecules, program the spatial distribution of enzymes, and accelerate the overall biochemical reaction efficiency by nearly 7-fold. The TR-ATPS inspires on-demand, stimulus-triggered spatiotemporal enrichment of biomolecules via two-level compartmentalization, creating opportunities in synthetic biology and biochemical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanqing Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Yage Zhang
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong (SAR), China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sihan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Qingming Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong (SAR), China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Haisong Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong (SAR), China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong (SAR), China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Sammer Ul Hassan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong (SAR), China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong (SAR), China.
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong (SAR), China.
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6
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Hu M, Zhang H, Yang J, Lu B, Cao H, Cheng Z, Lyu X, Liu H, An X. Enhanced flexibility of high-yield bamboo pulp fibers via cellulase immobilization within guar gum/polyacrylamide/polydopamine interpenetrating network hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133168. [PMID: 38950801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Softness is a crucial criterion in assessing the comfort and usability of tissue paper. Flexible fibers contribute to the softness of the tissue paper by allowing the sheets to conform to the contours of the skin without feeling rough or abrasive. This study focuses on developing innovative CGG/APAM/PDA hydrogels with interpenetrating networks consisting of cationic guar gum, anionic polyacrylamide, and polydopamine for cellulase immobilization, aimed at improving bamboo fiber flexibility. Cellulase biomolecules are efficiently immobilized on CGG/APAM/PDA hydrogels through the Schiff base reaction. Immobilized cellulases have a wider pH applicability than free cellulases, good storage stability, and can maintain high relative activity at relatively high temperatures. The treatment of bamboo fibers with immobilized cellulase results in a significant increase in flexibility, reaching 6.90 × 1014 N·m2, which is 7.18 times higher than that of untreated fibers. The immobilization of cellulases using CGG/APAM/PDA hydrogels as carriers results in a substantial enhancement of storage stability, pH applicability, and inter-fiber bonding strength, as well as the capacity to sustain high relative enzymatic activity at elevated temperatures. The immobilization of cellulase within CGG/APAM/PDA interpenetrating network hydrogels presents a viable strategy for enhancing bamboo fiber flexibility, thereby expanding the accessibility of tissue products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Bin Lu
- Zhejiang Jing Xing Paper Co., Ltd., No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Haibing Cao
- Zhejiang Jing Xing Paper Co., Ltd., No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Zhengbai Cheng
- Zhejiang Jing Xing Paper Co., Ltd., No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China.
| | - Xiaofeng Lyu
- Zhejiang Jing Xing Paper Co., Ltd., No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Xingye An
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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7
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Cai X, Huang Y, Zhu C. Immobilized Multi-Enzyme/Nanozyme Biomimetic Cascade Catalysis for Biosensing Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401834. [PMID: 38889805 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Multiple enzyme-induced cascade catalysis has an indispensable role in the process of complex life activities, and is widely used to construct robust biosensors for analyzing various targets. The immobilized multi-enzyme cascade catalysis system is a novel biomimetic catalysis strategy that immobilizes various enzymes with different functions in stable carriers to simulate the synergistic catalysis of multiple enzymes in biological systems, which enables high stability of enzymes and efficiency enzymatic cascade catalysis. Nanozymes, a type of nanomaterial with intrinsic enzyme-like characteristics and excellent stabilities, are also widely applied instead of enzymes to construct immobilized cascade systems, achieving better catalytic performance and reaction stability. Due to good stability, reusability, and remarkably high efficiency, the immobilized multi-enzyme/nanozyme biomimetic cascade catalysis systems show distinct advantages in promoting signal transduction and amplification, thereby attracting vast research interest in biosensing applications. This review focuses on the research progress of the immobilized multi-enzyme/nanozyme biomimetic cascade catalysis systems in recent years. The construction approaches, factors affecting the efficiency, and applications for sensitive biosensing are discussed in detail. Further, their challenges and outlooks for future study are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Cai
- Academy of Nutrition and Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, P.R. China
| | - Yuteng Huang
- Academy of Nutrition and Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, P.R. China
| | - Chengzhou Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China
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8
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Chen H, Fu S, Chen X, Chen R, Tan H. Adenosine Triphosphate-Activated Cascade Reactor for On-Demand Antibacterial Treatment Through Controlled Hydroxyl Radical Generation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309403. [PMID: 38148307 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes have shown promise for antibacterial applications, but their effectiveness is often hindered by low catalytic performances in physiological conditions and uncontrolled production of hydroxyl radicals (·OH). To address these limitations, a comprehensive approach is presented through the development of an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-activated cascade reactor (GGPcs). The GGPcs reactor synergistically combines the distinct properties of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) and chitosan-integrated hydrogel microsphere. The ZIF-8 allows for the encapsulation of G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme to achieve ATP-responsive ·OH generation at neutral pH, while the hydrogel microsphere creates a confinement environment that facilitates glucose oxidation and provides a sufficient supply of H2O2. Importantly, the integrated chitosan in the hydrogel microsphere shields ZIF-8 from undesired disruption caused by gluconic acid, ensuring the responsive specificity of ZIF-8 toward ATP. By activating GGPcs with ATP secreted by bacteria, its effectiveness as an antibacterial agent is demonstrated for the on-demand treatment of bacterial infection with minimal side effects. This comprehensive approach has the potential to facilitate the design of advanced nanozyme systems and broaden their biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Ruyi Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Tan
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
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9
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Westensee IN, Paffen LJMM, Pendlmayr S, De Dios Andres P, Ramos Docampo MA, Städler B. Artificial Cells and HepG2 Cells in 3D-Bioprinted Arrangements. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303699. [PMID: 38277695 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Artificial cells are engineered units with cell-like functions for different purposes including acting as supportive elements for mammalian cells. Artificial cells with minimal liver-like function are made of alginate and equipped with metalloporphyrins that mimic the enzyme activity of a member of the cytochrome P450 family namely CYP1A2. The artificial cells are employed to enhance the dealkylation activity within 3D bioprinted structures composed of HepG2 cells and these artificial cells. This enhancement is monitored through the conversion of resorufin ethyl ether to resorufin. HepG2 cell aggregates are 3D bioprinted using an alginate/gelatin methacryloyl ink, resulting in the successful proliferation of the HepG2 cells. The composite ink made of an alginate/gelatin liquid phase with an increasing amount of artificial cells is characterized. The CYP1A2-like activity of artificial cells is preserved over at least 35 days, where 6 nM resorufin is produced in 8 h. Composite inks made of artificial cells and HepG2 cell aggregates in a liquid phase are used for 3D bioprinting. The HepG2 cells proliferate over 35 days, and the structure has boosted CYP1A2 activity. The integration of artificial cells and their living counterparts into larger 3D semi-synthetic tissues is a step towards exploring bottom-up synthetic biology in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella N Westensee
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Lars J M M Paffen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Stefan Pendlmayr
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Paula De Dios Andres
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Miguel A Ramos Docampo
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Brigitte Städler
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
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10
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Maffeis V, Heuberger L, Nikoletić A, Schoenenberger C, Palivan CG. Synthetic Cells Revisited: Artificial Cells Construction Using Polymeric Building Blocks. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305837. [PMID: 37984885 PMCID: PMC10885666 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The exponential growth of research on artificial cells and organelles underscores their potential as tools to advance the understanding of fundamental biological processes. The bottom-up construction from a variety of building blocks at the micro- and nanoscale, in combination with biomolecules is key to developing artificial cells. In this review, artificial cells are focused upon based on compartments where polymers are the main constituent of the assembly. Polymers are of particular interest due to their incredible chemical variety and the advantage of tuning the properties and functionality of their assemblies. First, the architectures of micro- and nanoscale polymer assemblies are introduced and then their usage as building blocks is elaborated upon. Different membrane-bound and membrane-less compartments and supramolecular structures and how they combine into advanced synthetic cells are presented. Then, the functional aspects are explored, addressing how artificial organelles in giant compartments mimic cellular processes. Finally, how artificial cells communicate with their surrounding and each other such as to adapt to an ever-changing environment and achieve collective behavior as a steppingstone toward artificial tissues, is taken a look at. Engineering artificial cells with highly controllable and programmable features open new avenues for the development of sophisticated multifunctional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Maffeis
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 22BaselCH‐4002Switzerland
- NCCR‐Molecular Systems EngineeringBPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24aBaselCH‐4058Switzerland
| | - Lukas Heuberger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 22BaselCH‐4002Switzerland
| | - Anamarija Nikoletić
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 22BaselCH‐4002Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience InstituteUniversity of BaselKlingelbergstrasse 82BaselCH‐4056Switzerland
| | | | - Cornelia G. Palivan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 22BaselCH‐4002Switzerland
- NCCR‐Molecular Systems EngineeringBPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24aBaselCH‐4058Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience InstituteUniversity of BaselKlingelbergstrasse 82BaselCH‐4056Switzerland
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11
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Wang R, Yu Y, Gai M, Mateos-Maroto A, Morsbach S, Xia X, He M, Fan J, Peng X, Landfester K, Jiang S, Sun W. Liposomal Enzyme Nanoreactors Based on Nanoconfinement for Efficient Antitumor Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308761. [PMID: 37496129 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic reactions can consume endogenous nutrients of tumors and produce cytotoxic species and are therefore promising tools for treating malignant tumors. Inspired by nature where enzymes are compartmentalized in membranes to achieve high reaction efficiency and separate biological processes with the environment, we develop liposomal nanoreactors that can perform enzymatic cascade reactions in the aqueous nanoconfinement of liposomes. The nanoreactors effectively inhibited tumor growth in vivo by consuming tumor nutrients (glucose and oxygen) and producing highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH). Co-compartmentalization of glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in liposomes could increase local concentration of the intermediate product hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) as well as the acidity due to the generation of gluconic acid by GOx. Both H2 O2 and acidity accelerate the second-step reaction by HRP, hence improving the overall efficiency of the cascade reaction. The biomimetic compartmentalization of enzymatic tandem reactions in biocompatible liposomes provides a promising direction for developing catalytic nanomedicines in antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yingjie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Meiyu Gai
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ana Mateos-Maroto
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Svenja Morsbach
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Maomao He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, No. 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315016, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, No. 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315016, China
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12
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Xi Y, Frank BD, Tatas A, Pavlovic M, Zeininger L. Multicompartment calcium alginate microreactors to reduce substrate inhibition in enzyme cascade reactions. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:7541-7549. [PMID: 37750330 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00816a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The formation of macromolecularly enriched condensates through associative or segregative liquid-liquid phase separation phenomena is known to play a central role in controlling various cellular functions in nature. The potential to spatially and temporally modulate multistep chemical reactions and pathways has inspired the use of phase-separated systems for the development of various synthetic colloidal micro- and nanoreactor systems. Here, we report a rational and synthetically minimal design strategy to emulate intended spatiotemporal functions in morphologically intricate and structurally defined calcium alginate hydrogel microreactors possessing multicompartmentalized internal architectures. Specifically, we implement a thermal phase separation protocol to achieve fine-control over liquid-liquid phase separation inside complex aqueous emulsion droplet templates that are loaded with hydrophilic polymer mixtures. Subsequent gelation of alginate-containing droplet templates using a novel freeze-thaw approach that can be applied to both scalable batch production or more precise microfluidic methods yields particle replicas, in which subcompartmentalized architectures can be retained. Larger active components can be enriched in the internal compartments due to their preferential solubility, and we show that selective sequestration of enzymes serves to create desired microenvironments to control and tune the reaction kinetics of a multistep enzyme cascade by reducing their mutual interference. This demonstration of mitigating substrate inhibition that is based primarily on optimizing the multicompartmentalized hydrogel particle morphology offers new opportunities for the simple and synthetically-minimal batch generation of hydrogel-based synthesis microreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Xi
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Bradley D Frank
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Apostolos Tatas
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Marko Pavlovic
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
- Department of Physics and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | - Lukas Zeininger
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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13
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Let S, K Dam G, Fajal S, Ghosh SK. Organic porous heterogeneous composite with antagonistic catalytic sites as a cascade catalyst for continuous flow reaction. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10591-10601. [PMID: 37799985 PMCID: PMC10548525 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03525e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One-pot cascade catalytic reactions easily allow the circumvention of pitfalls of traditional catalytic reactions, such as multi-step syntheses, longer duration, waste generation, and high operational cost. Despite advances in this area, the facile assimilation of chemically antagonistic bifunctional sites in close proximity inside a well-defined scaffold via a process of rational structural design still remains a challenge. Herein, we report the successful fusion of incompatible acid-base active sites in an ionic porous organic polymer (iPOP), 120-MI@OH, via a simple ion-exchange strategy. The fabricated polymer catalyst, 120-MI@OH, performed exceedingly well as a cascade acid-base catalyst in a deacetylation-Knoevenagel condensation reaction under mild and eco-friendly continuous flow conditions. In addition, the abundance of spatially isolated distinct acidic (imidazolium cations) and basic (hydroxide anions) catalytic sites give 120-MI@OH its excellent solid acid and base catalytic properties. To demonstrate the practical relevance of 120-MI@OH, stable millimeter-sized spherical composite polymer bead microstructures were synthesized and utilized in one-pot cascade catalysis under continuous flow, thus illustrating promising catalytic activity. Additionally, the heterogeneous polymer catalyst displayed good recyclability, scalability, as well as ease of fabrication. The superior catalytic activity of 120-MI@OH can be rationalized by its unique structure that reconciles close proximity of antagonistic catalytic sites that are sufficiently isolated in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Let
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India +91 20 2590 8076
| | - Gourab K Dam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India +91 20 2590 8076
| | - Sahel Fajal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India +91 20 2590 8076
| | - Sujit K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India +91 20 2590 8076
- Centre for Water Research, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
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14
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Hao R, Zhang M, Tian D, Lei F, Qin Z, Wu T, Yang H. Bottom-Up Synthesis of Multicompartmentalized Microreactors for Continuous Flow Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20319-20327. [PMID: 37676729 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The bottom-up assembly of biomimetic multicompartmentalized microreactors for use in continuous flow catalysis remains a grand challenge because of the structural instability or the absence of liquid microenvironments to host biocatalysts in the existing systems. Here, we address this challenge using a strategy that combines stepwise Pickering emulsification with interface-confined cross-linking. Our strategy allows for the fabrication of robust multicompartmentalized liquid-containing microreactors (MLMs), whose interior architectures can be exquisitely tuned in a bottom-up fashion. With this strategy, enzymes and metal catalysts can be separately confined in distinct subcompartments of MLMs for processing biocatalysis or chemo-enzymatic cascade reactions. As exemplified by the enzyme-catalyzed kinetic resolution of racemic alcohols, our systems exhibit a durability of 2000 h with 99% enantioselectivity. Another Pd-enzyme-cocatalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution of amines further demonstrates the versatility and long-term operational stability of our MLMs in continuous flow cascade catalysis. This study opens up a new way to design efficient biomimetic multicompartmental microreactors for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Hao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal-based Value-added Chemicals Green Catalysis Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal-based Value-added Chemicals Green Catalysis Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Danping Tian
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal-based Value-added Chemicals Green Catalysis Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fu Lei
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal-based Value-added Chemicals Green Catalysis Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhiqin Qin
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal-based Value-added Chemicals Green Catalysis Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hengquan Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal-based Value-added Chemicals Green Catalysis Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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15
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Wang Q, Chen K, Jiang H, Chen C, Xiong C, Chen M, Xu J, Gao X, Xu S, Zhou H, Wu Y. Cell-inspired design of cascade catalysis system by 3D spatially separated active sites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5338. [PMID: 37660124 PMCID: PMC10475024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells possess isolated compartments that spatially confine different enzymes, enabling high-efficiency enzymatic cascade reactions. Herein, we report a cell-inspired design of biomimetic cascade catalysis system by immobilizing Fe single atoms and Au nanoparticles on the inner and outer layers of three-dimensional nanocapsules, respectively. The different metal sites catalyze independently and work synergistically to enable engineered and cascade glucose detection. The biomimetic catalysis system demonstrates ~ 9.8- and 2-fold cascade activity enhancement than conventional mixing and coplanar construction systems, respectively. Furthermore, the biomimetic catalysis system is successfully demonstrated for the colorimetric glucose detection with high catalytic activity and selectivity. Also, the proposed gel-based sensor is integrated with smartphone to enable real-time and visual determination of glucose. More importantly, the gel-based sensor exhibits a high correlation with a commercial glucometer in real samples detection. These findings provide a strategy to design an efficient biomimetic catalysis system for applications in bioassays and nanobiomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Kui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Cai Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Can Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiaoping Gao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
| | - Huang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
| | - Yuen Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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16
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Allen ME, Hindley JW, O’Toole N, Cooke HS, Contini C, Law RV, Ces O, Elani Y. Biomimetic behaviors in hydrogel artificial cells through embedded organelles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307772120. [PMID: 37603747 PMCID: PMC10466294 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307772120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial cells are biomimetic structures formed from molecular building blocks that replicate biological processes, behaviors, and architectures. Of these building blocks, hydrogels have emerged as ideal, yet underutilized candidates to provide a gel-like chassis in which to incorporate both biological and nonbiological componentry which enables the replication of cellular functionality. Here, we demonstrate a microfluidic strategy to assemble biocompatible cell-sized hydrogel-based artificial cells with a variety of different embedded functional subcompartments, which act as engineered synthetic organelles. The organelles enable the recreation of increasingly biomimetic behaviors, including stimulus-induced motility, content release through activation of membrane-associated proteins, and enzymatic communication with surrounding bioinspired compartments. In this way, we showcase a foundational strategy for the bottom-up construction of hydrogel-based artificial cell microsystems which replicate fundamental cellular behaviors, paving the way for the construction of next-generation biotechnological devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, LondonW12 0BZ, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, LondonSW7 2AZ, UK
- FabriCELL, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, LondonW12 0BZ, UK
| | - James W. Hindley
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, LondonW12 0BZ, UK
- FabriCELL, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, LondonW12 0BZ, UK
| | - Nina O’Toole
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, LondonSW7 2AZ, UK
- FabriCELL, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, LondonW12 0BZ, UK
| | - Hannah S. Cooke
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, LondonW12 0BZ, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, LondonSW7 2AZ, UK
- FabriCELL, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, LondonW12 0BZ, UK
| | - Claudia Contini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, LondonSW7 2AZ, UK
- FabriCELL, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, LondonW12 0BZ, UK
| | - Robert V. Law
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, LondonW12 0BZ, UK
- FabriCELL, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, LondonW12 0BZ, UK
| | - Oscar Ces
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, LondonW12 0BZ, UK
- FabriCELL, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, LondonW12 0BZ, UK
| | - Yuval Elani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, LondonSW7 2AZ, UK
- FabriCELL, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, LondonW12 0BZ, UK
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17
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Li Z, Wang J, O’Hagan MP, Huang F, Xia F, Willner I. Dynamic Fusion of Nucleic Acid Functionalized Nano-/Micro-Cell-Like Containments: From Basic Concepts to Applications. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15308-15327. [PMID: 37549398 PMCID: PMC10448756 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fusion processes play key roles in biological transformations, such as endocytosis/exocytosis, signal transduction, neurotransmission, or viral infections, and substantial research efforts have been directed to emulate these functions by artificial means. The recognition and dynamic reconfiguration properties of nucleic acids provide a versatile means to induce membrane fusion. Here we address recent advances in the functionalization of liposomes or membranes with structurally engineered lipidated nucleic acids guiding the fusion of cell-like containments, and the biophysical and chemical parameters controlling the fusion of the liposomes will be discussed. Intermembrane bridging by duplex or triplex nucleic acids and light-induced activation of membrane-associated nucleic acid constituents provide the means for spatiotemporal fusion of liposomes or nucleic acid modified liposome fusion with native cell membranes. The membrane fusion processes lead to exchange of loads in the fused containments and are a means to integrate functional assemblies. This is exemplified with the operation of biocatalytic cascades and dynamic DNA polymerization/nicking or transcription machineries in fused protocell systems. Membrane fusion processes of protocell assemblies are found to have important drug-delivery, therapeutic, sensing, and biocatalytic applications. The future challenges and perspectives of DNA-guided fused containments and membranes are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- The
Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Jianbang Wang
- The
Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Michael P. O’Hagan
- The
Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Fujian Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering
Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty
of Materials Science and Chemistry, China
University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Xia
- State
Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering
Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty
of Materials Science and Chemistry, China
University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Itamar Willner
- The
Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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18
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Patel CK, Rani C, Kumar R, Mukherjee TK. Macromolecular Crowding Promotes Re-entrant Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Human Serum Transferrin and Prevents Surface-Induced Fibrillation. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3917-3928. [PMID: 37503577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation and inactivation upon surface immobilization are major limiting factors for analytical applications in biotechnology-related fields. Protein immobilization on solid surfaces often requires multi-step surface passivation, which is time-consuming and inefficient. Herein, we have discovered that biomolecular condensates of biologically active human serum transferrin (Tf) can effectively prevent surface-induced fibrillation and preserve the native-like conformation of phase-separated Tf over a period of 30 days. It has been observed that macromolecular crowding promotes homotypic liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of Tf through enthalpically driven multivalent hydrophobic interactions possibly via the involvement of its low-complexity domain (residues 3-20) containing hydrophobic amino acids. The present LLPS of Tf is a rare example of salt-mediated re-entrant phase separation in a broad range of salt concentrations (0-3 M) solely via the involvement of hydrophobic interactions. Notably, no liquid-to-solid-like phase transition has been observed over a period of 30 days, suggesting the intact conformational integrity of phase-separated Tf, as revealed from single droplet Raman, circular dichroism, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. More importantly, we discovered that the phase-separated condensates of Tf completely inhibit the surface-induced fibrillation of Tf, illustrating the protective role of these liquid-like condensates against denaturation and aggregation of biomolecules. The cell mimicking compact aqueous compartments of biomolecular condensates with a substantial amount of interfacial water preserve the structure and functionality of Tf. Our present study highlights an important functional aspect of biologically active protein condensates and may have wide-ranging implications in cell physiology and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmaya Kumar Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Chanchal Rani
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
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19
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Tian D, Hao R, Zhang X, Shi H, Wang Y, Liang L, Liu H, Yang H. Multi-compartmental MOF microreactors derived from Pickering double emulsions for chemo-enzymatic cascade catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3226. [PMID: 37270555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioinspired multi-compartment architectures are desired in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, as credited by their cell-like structures and intrinsic ability of assembling catalytic species for spatiotemporal control over cascade reactions like in living systems. Herein, we describe a general Pickering double emulsion-directed interfacial synthesis method for the fabrication of multicompartmental MOF microreactors. This approach employs multiple liquid-liquid interfaces as a controllable platform for the self-completing growth of dense MOF layers, enabling the microreactor with tailor-made inner architectures and selective permeability. Importantly, simultaneous encapsulation of incompatible functionalities, including hydrophilic enzyme and hydrophobic molecular catalyst, can be realized in a single MOF microreactor for operating chemo-enzymatic cascade reactions. As exemplified by the Grubb' catalyst/CALB lipase driven olefin metathesis/ transesterification cascade reaction and glucose oxidase (GOx)/Fe-porphyrin catalyzed oxidation reaction, the multicompartmental microreactor exhibits 2.24-5.81 folds enhancement in cascade reaction efficiency in comparison to the homogeneous counterparts or physical mixture of individual analogues, due to the restrained mutual inactivation and substrate channelling effects. Our study prompts further design of multicompartment systems and the development of artificial cells capable of complex cellular transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Ruipeng Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Hu Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Linfeng Liang
- Institute of Crystalline Materials, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Haichao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Hengquan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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20
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Chen F, Li X, Yu Y, Li Q, Lin H, Xu L, Shum HC. Phase-separation facilitated one-step fabrication of multiscale heterogeneous two-aqueous-phase gel. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2793. [PMID: 37193701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering heterogeneous hydrogels with distinct phases at various lengths, which resemble biological tissues with high complexity, remains challenging by existing fabricating techniques that require complicated procedures and are often only applicable at bulk scales. Here, inspired by ubiquitous phase separation phenomena in biology, we present a one-step fabrication method based on aqueous phase separation to construct two-aqueous-phase gels that comprise multiple phases with distinct physicochemical properties. The gels fabricated by this approach exhibit enhanced interfacial mechanics compared with their counterparts obtained from conventional layer-by-layer methods. Moreover, two-aqueous-phase gels with programmable structures and tunable physicochemical properties can be conveniently constructed by adjusting the polymer constituents, gelation conditions, and combining different fabrication techniques, such as 3D-printing. The versatility of our approach is demonstrated by mimicking the key features of several biological architectures at different lengths: macroscale muscle-tendon connections; mesoscale cell patterning; microscale molecular compartmentalization. The present work advances the fabrication approach for designing heterogeneous multifunctional materials for various technological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feipeng Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Xiufeng Li
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Yafeng Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Qingchuan Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong (SAR), China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Haisong Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong (SAR), China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Lizhi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong (SAR), China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong (SAR), China.
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong (SAR), China.
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21
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Jeong HS, Kim E, Park JP, Lee SJ, Lee H, Choi CH. Broad-temperature-range mechanically tunable hydrogel microcapsules for controlled active release. J Control Release 2023; 356:337-346. [PMID: 36871645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report PNIPAm-co-PEGDA hydrogel shelled microcapsules with a thin oil layer to achieve tunable thermo-responsive release of the encapsulated small hydrophilic actives. We use a microfluidic device integrated with a temperature-controlled chamber for consistent and reliable production of the microcapsules by utilizing triple emulsion drops (W/O/W/O) with a thin oil layer as capsule templates. The interstitial oil layer between the aqueous core and the PNIPAm-co-PEGDA shell provides a diffusion barrier for the encapsulated active until the temperature reaches a critical point above which the destabilization of interstitial oil layer occurs. We find that the destabilization of the oil layer with temperature increase is caused by outward expansion of the aqueous core due to volume increase and the radial inward compression from the deswelling of the thermo-responsive hydrogel shell. The copolymerization of NIPAm with PEGDA increases the biocompatibility of the resulting microcapsule while offering the ability to alter the compressive modulus in broad ranges by simply varying crosslinker concentrations thereby to precisely tune the onset release temperature. Based on this concept, we further demonstrate that the release temperature can be enhanced up to 62 °C by adjusting the shell thickness even without varying the chemical composition of the hydrogel shell. Moreover, we incorporate gold nanorods within the hydrogel shell to spatiotemporally regulate the active release from the microcapsules by illuminating with non-invasive near infrared (NIR) light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Seon Jeong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea; Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Pil Park
- Basic Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Jung Lee
- Major of Human Biocovergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyomin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Hyung Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea; Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38610, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Gonçalves JP, Promlok D, Ivanov T, Tao S, Rheinberger T, Jo SM, Yu Y, Graf R, Wagner M, Crespy D, Wurm FR, Caire da Silva L, Jiang S, Landfester K. Confining the Sol-Gel Reaction at the Water/Oil Interface: Creating Compartmentalized Enzymatic Nano-Organelles for Artificial Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216966. [PMID: 36517933 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms compartmentalize their catalytic reactions in membranes for increased efficiency and selectivity. To mimic the organelles of eukaryotic cells, we develop a mild approach for in situ encapsulating enzymes in aqueous-core silica nanocapsules. In order to confine the sol-gel reaction at the water/oil interface of miniemulsion, we introduce an aminosilane to the silica precursors, which serves as both catalyst and an amphiphilic anchor that electrostatically assembles with negatively charged hydrolyzed alkoxysilanes at the interface. The semi-permeable shell protects enzymes from proteolytic attack, and allows the transport of reactants and products. The enzyme-carrying nanocapsules, as synthetic nano-organelles, are able to perform cascade reactions when enveloped in a polymer vesicle, mimicking the hierarchically compartmentalized reactions in eukaryotic cells. This in situ encapsulation approach provides a versatile platform for the delivery of biomacromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Pendiuk Gonçalves
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel Francisco H dos Santos, s/n, CEP, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Duangkamol Promlok
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tsvetomir Ivanov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shijia Tao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Timo Rheinberger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Seong-Min Jo
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yingjie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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23
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Kumar S, Karmacharya M, Cho YK. Bridging the Gap between Nonliving Matter and Cellular Life. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2202962. [PMID: 35988151 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A cell, the fundamental unit of life, contains the requisite blueprint information necessary to survive and to build tissues, organs, and systems, eventually forming a fully functional living creature. A slight structural alteration can result in data misprinting, throwing the entire life process off balance. Advances in synthetic biology and cell engineering enable the predictable redesign of biological systems to perform novel functions. Individual functions and fundamental processes at the core of the biology of cells can be investigated by employing a synthetically constrained micro or nanoreactor. However, constructing a life-like structure from nonliving building blocks remains a considerable challenge. Chemical compartments, cascade signaling, energy generation, growth, replication, and adaptation within micro or nanoreactors must be comparable with their biological counterparts. Although these reactors currently lack the power and behavioral sophistication of their biological equivalents, their interface with biological systems enables the development of hybrid solutions for real-world applications, such as therapeutic agents, biosensors, innovative materials, and biochemical microreactors. This review discusses the latest advances in cell membrane-engineered micro or nanoreactors, as well as the limitations associated with high-throughput preparation methods and biological applications for the real-time modulation of complex pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Mamata Karmacharya
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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24
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Yadav AS, Tran DT, Teo AJT, Dai Y, Galogahi FM, Ooi CH, Nguyen NT. Core-Shell Particles: From Fabrication Methods to Diverse Manipulation Techniques. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:497. [PMID: 36984904 PMCID: PMC10054063 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell particles are micro- or nanoparticles with solid, liquid, or gas cores encapsulated by protective solid shells. The unique composition of core and shell materials imparts smart properties on the particles. Core-shell particles are gaining increasing attention as tuneable and versatile carriers for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications including targeted drug delivery, controlled drug release, and biosensing. This review provides an overview of fabrication methods for core-shell particles followed by a brief discussion of their application and a detailed analysis of their manipulation including assembly, sorting, and triggered release. We compile current methodologies employed for manipulation of core-shell particles and demonstrate how existing methods of assembly and sorting micro/nanospheres can be adopted or modified for core-shell particles. Various triggered release approaches for diagnostics and drug delivery are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Singh Yadav
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Du Tuan Tran
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Adrian J. T. Teo
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637460, Singapore
| | - Yuchen Dai
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Fariba Malekpour Galogahi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Chin Hong Ooi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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25
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He X, Wu Q, Hou C, Hu M, Wang Q, Wang X. A Compartmentalized Nanoreactor Formed by Interfacial Hydrogelation for Cascade Enzyme Catalytic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218766. [PMID: 36780198 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Some cellular enzymatic pathways are located within a single organelle, while most others involve enzymes that are located within multiple compartmentalized cellular organelles to realize the efficient multi-step enzymatic process. Herein, bioinspired by enzyme-mediated biosynthesis and biochemical defense, a compartmented nanoreactor (Burr-NCs@GlSOD ) was constructed through a self-confined catalysis strategy with burr defect-engineered molybdenum disulfide/Prussian blue analogues (MoS2 /PBA) and an interfacial diffusion-controlled hydrogel network. The specific catalytic mechanism of the laccase-like superactivity induced hydrogelation and cascade enzyme catalytic therapy were explored. The confined hydrogelation strategy introduces a versatile means for nanointerface functionalization and provides insight into biological construction of simulated enzymes with comparable activity and also the specificity to natural enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue He
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Qing Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Chen Hou
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) from Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Min Hu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qigang Wang
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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26
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Yue K, Li Y, Cao M, Shen L, Gu J, Kai L. Bottom-Up Synthetic Biology Using Cell-Free Protein Synthesis. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 185:1-20. [PMID: 37526707 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Technical advances in biotechnology have greatly accelerated the development of bottom-up synthetic biology. Unlike top-down approaches, bottom-up synthetic biology focuses on the construction of a minimal cell from scratch and the application of these principles to solve challenges. Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems provide minimal machinery for transcription and translation, from either a fractionated cell lysate or individual purified protein elements, thus speeding up the development of synthetic cell projects. In this review, we trace the history of the cell-free technique back to the first in vitro fermentation experiment using yeast cell lysate. Furthermore, we summarized progresses of individual cell mimicry modules, such as compartmentalization, gene expression regulation, energy regeneration and metabolism, growth and division, communication, and motility. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives on the field are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yingqiu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mengjiao Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lulu Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jingsheng Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Kai
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.
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27
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Saini B, Mukherjee TK. Synthetic Protocell as Efficient Bioreactor: Enzymatic Superactivity and Ultrasensitive Glucose Sensing in Urine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53462-53474. [PMID: 36404589 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is believed that membraneless cellular condensates play a critical role in accelerating various slow and thermodynamically unfavorable biochemical processes. However, the exact mechanisms behind the enhanced activity within biocondensates remain poorly understood. Here, we report the fabrication of a high-performance integrated cascade bioplatform based on synthetic droplets for ultrasensitive glucose sensing. Using a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOx) cascade pair, we report an unprecedented enhancement in the catalytic activity of HRP inside the synthetic membraneless droplet. Liquidlike membraneless droplets have been prepared via multivalent electrostatic interactions between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) in an aqueous medium. Compartmentalized enzymes (GOx/HRP@Droplet) exhibit high encapsulation efficiency, low leakage, prolong retention of activity, and exceptional stability toward protease digestion. Using an HRP@Droplet composite, we have shown that the enzymatic reaction within the droplet follows the classical Michaelis-Menten model. Our findings reveal remarkable enhancement in the catalytic activity of up to 100- and 51-fold for HRP@Droplet and GOx/HRP@Droplet, respectively. These enhanced activities have been explained on the basis of increased local concentrations of enzymes and substrates, along with altered conformations of sequestered enzymes. Furthermore, we have utilized highly efficient and recyclable GOx/HRP@Droplet composite to demonstrate ultrasensitive glucose sensing with a limit of detection of 228 nM. Finally, the composite platform has been exploited to detect glucose in spiked urine samples in solution and filter paper. Our present study illustrates the unprecedented activity of the compartmentalized enzymes and paves the way for next-generation composite bioreactors for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Simrol, Indore453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Simrol, Indore453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
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28
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Kumar N, Ghosh B, Kumar A, Koley R, Dhara S, Chattopadhyay S. Multilayered “SMART” hydrogel systems for on-site drug delivery applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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29
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Rojek K, Ćwiklińska M, Kuczak J, Guzowski J. Microfluidic Formulation of Topological Hydrogels for Microtissue Engineering. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16839-16909. [PMID: 36108106 PMCID: PMC9706502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has recently emerged as a powerful tool in generation of submillimeter-sized cell aggregates capable of performing tissue-specific functions, so-called microtissues, for applications in drug testing, regenerative medicine, and cell therapies. In this work, we review the most recent advances in the field, with particular focus on the formulation of cell-encapsulating microgels of small "dimensionalities": "0D" (particles), "1D" (fibers), "2D" (sheets), etc., and with nontrivial internal topologies, typically consisting of multiple compartments loaded with different types of cells and/or biopolymers. Such structures, which we refer to as topological hydrogels or topological microgels (examples including core-shell or Janus microbeads and microfibers, hollow or porous microstructures, or granular hydrogels) can be precisely tailored with high reproducibility and throughput by using microfluidics and used to provide controlled "initial conditions" for cell proliferation and maturation into functional tissue-like microstructures. Microfluidic methods of formulation of topological biomaterials have enabled significant progress in engineering of miniature tissues and organs, such as pancreas, liver, muscle, bone, heart, neural tissue, or vasculature, as well as in fabrication of tailored microenvironments for stem-cell expansion and differentiation, or in cancer modeling, including generation of vascularized tumors for personalized drug testing. We review the available microfluidic fabrication methods by exploiting various cross-linking mechanisms and various routes toward compartmentalization and critically discuss the available tissue-specific applications. Finally, we list the remaining challenges such as simplification of the microfluidic workflow for its widespread use in biomedical research, bench-to-bedside transition including production upscaling, further in vivo validation, generation of more precise organ-like models, as well as incorporation of induced pluripotent stem cells as a step toward clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna
O. Rojek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Ćwiklińska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julia Kuczak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Guzowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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30
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Mou X, Wu Q, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zhang C, Chen X, Fan K, Liu H. Nanozymes for Regenerative Medicine. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200997. [PMID: 36202750 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes refer to nanomaterials that catalyze enzyme substrates into products under relevant physiological conditions following enzyme kinetics. Compared to natural enzymes, nanozymes possess the characteristics of higher stability, easier preparation, and lower cost. Importantly, nanozymes possess the magnetic, fluorescent, and electrical properties of nanomaterials, making them promising replacements for natural enzymes in industrial, biological, and medical fields. On account of the rapid development of nanozymes recently, their application potentials in regeneration medicine are gradually being explored. To highlight the achievements in the regeneration medicine field, this review summarizes the catalytic mechanism of four types of representative nanozymes. Then, the strategies to improve the biocompatibility of nanozymes are discussed. Importantly, this review covers the recent advances in nanozymes in tissue regeneration medicine including wound healing, nerve defect repair, bone regeneration, and cardiovascular disease treatment. In addition, challenges and prospects of nanozyme researches in regeneration medicine are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Mou
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Clinical Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qingyuan Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Bionanomaterials & Translational Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zheao Zhang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Yunhang Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Bionanomaterials & Translational Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jungang Zhang
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Clinical Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Kelong Fan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Bionanomaterials & Translational Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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31
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Xue L, Sun J. Magnetic hydrogels with ordered structure for biomedical applications. Front Chem 2022; 10:1040492. [PMID: 36304746 PMCID: PMC9592724 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic hydrogels composed of hydrogel matrices and magnetic nanomaterials have attracted widespread interests. Thereinto, magnetic hydrogels with ordered structure possessing enhanced functionalities and unique architectures, show tremendous advantages in biomedical fields. The ordered structure brought unique anisotropic properties and excellent physical properties. Furthermore, the anisotropic properties of magnetic ordered hydrogels are more analogous to biological tissues in morphology and mechanical property, showing better biocompatibility and bioinducibility. Thus, we aim to systematically describe the latest advances of magnetic hydrogels with ordered structure. Firstly, this review introduced the synthetic methods of magnetic hydrogels focus on constructing ordered structure. Then, their functionalities and biomedical applications are also summarized. Finally, the current challenges and a compelling perspective outlook of magnetic ordered hydrogel are present.
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32
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Hirschi S, Ward TR, Meier WP, Müller DJ, Fotiadis D. Synthetic Biology: Bottom-Up Assembly of Molecular Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16294-16328. [PMID: 36179355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bottom-up assembly of biological and chemical components opens exciting opportunities to engineer artificial vesicular systems for applications with previously unmet requirements. The modular combination of scaffolds and functional building blocks enables the engineering of complex systems with biomimetic or new-to-nature functionalities. Inspired by the compartmentalized organization of cells and organelles, lipid or polymer vesicles are widely used as model membrane systems to investigate the translocation of solutes and the transduction of signals by membrane proteins. The bottom-up assembly and functionalization of such artificial compartments enables full control over their composition and can thus provide specifically optimized environments for synthetic biological processes. This review aims to inspire future endeavors by providing a diverse toolbox of molecular modules, engineering methodologies, and different approaches to assemble artificial vesicular systems. Important technical and practical aspects are addressed and selected applications are presented, highlighting particular achievements and limitations of the bottom-up approach. Complementing the cutting-edge technological achievements, fundamental aspects are also discussed to cater to the inherently diverse background of the target audience, which results from the interdisciplinary nature of synthetic biology. The engineering of proteins as functional modules and the use of lipids and block copolymers as scaffold modules for the assembly of functionalized vesicular systems are explored in detail. Particular emphasis is placed on ensuring the controlled assembly of these components into increasingly complex vesicular systems. Finally, all descriptions are presented in the greater context of engineering valuable synthetic biological systems for applications in biocatalysis, biosensing, bioremediation, or targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hirschi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Molecular Systems Engineering, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR), 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Molecular Systems Engineering, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR), 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang P Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Molecular Systems Engineering, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR), 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Molecular Systems Engineering, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR), 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Fotiadis
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Molecular Systems Engineering, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR), 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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33
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Dynamic assembly and biocatalysis-selected gelation endow self-compartmentalized multienzyme superactivity. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Weng Y, Chen H, Chen X, Yang H, Chen CH, Tan H. Adenosine triphosphate-activated prodrug system for on-demand bacterial inactivation and wound disinfection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4712. [PMID: 35953495 PMCID: PMC9372092 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prodrug approach has emerged as a promising solution to combat bacterial resistance and enhance treatment efficacy against bacterial infections. Here, we report an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-activated prodrug system for on-demand treatment of bacterial infection. The prodrug system benefits from the synergistic action of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 and polyacrylamide hydrogel microsphere, which simultaneously transports indole-3-acetic acid and horseradish peroxidase in a single carrier while preventing the premature activation of indole-3-acetic acid. The ATP-responsive characteristic of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 allows the prodrug system to be activated by the ATP secreted by bacteria to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), displaying exceptional broad-spectrum antimicrobial ability. Upon disruption of the bacterial membrane by ROS, the leaked intracellular ATP from dead bacteria can accelerate the activation of the prodrug system to further enhance antibacterial efficiency. In vivo experiments in a mouse model demonstrates the applicability of the prodrug system for wound disinfection with minimal side effects. Prodrugs are increasingly promising in tackling bacterial resistance and efficacy of treatment. Here, the authors encapsulated horseradish peroxidase and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 loaded with indole-3-acetic acid in polyacrylamide hydrogel microspheres for ATP-activated wound disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Weng
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Huihong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Yang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Tan
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China.
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Abstract
Recent years have seen substantial efforts aimed at constructing artificial cells from various molecular components with the aim of mimicking the processes, behaviours and architectures found in biological systems. Artificial cell development ultimately aims to produce model constructs that progress our understanding of biology, as well as forming the basis for functional bio-inspired devices that can be used in fields such as therapeutic delivery, biosensing, cell therapy and bioremediation. Typically, artificial cells rely on a bilayer membrane chassis and have fluid aqueous interiors to mimic biological cells. However, a desire to more accurately replicate the gel-like properties of intracellular and extracellular biological environments has driven increasing efforts to build cell mimics based on hydrogels. This has enabled researchers to exploit some of the unique functional properties of hydrogels that have seen them deployed in fields such as tissue engineering, biomaterials and drug delivery. In this Review, we explore how hydrogels can be leveraged in the context of artificial cell development. We also discuss how hydrogels can potentially be incorporated within the next generation of artificial cells to engineer improved biological mimics and functional microsystems.
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Kim JW, Han SH, Choi YH, Hamonangan WM, Oh Y, Kim SH. Recent advances in the microfluidic production of functional microcapsules by multiple-emulsion templating. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2259-2291. [PMID: 35608122 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple-emulsion drops serve as versatile templates to design functional microcapsules due to their core-shell geometry and multiple compartments. Microfluidics has been used for the elaborate production of multiple-emulsion drops with a controlled composition, order, and dimensions, elevating the value of multiple-emulsion templates. Moreover, recent advances in the microfluidic control of the emulsification and parallelization of drop-making junctions significantly enhance the production throughput for practical use. Metastable multiple-emulsion drops are converted into stable microcapsules through the solidification of selected phases, among which solid shells are designed to function in a programmed manner. Functional microcapsules are used for the storage and release of active materials as drug carriers. Beyond their conventional uses, microcapsules can serve as microcompartments responsible for transmembrane communication, which is promising for their application in advanced microreactors, artificial cells, and microsensors. Given that post-processing provides additional control over the composition and construction of multiple-emulsion drops, they are excellent confining geometries to study the self-assembly of colloids and liquid crystals and produce miniaturized photonic devices. This review article presents the recent progress and current state of the art in the microfluidic production of multiple-emulsion drops, functionalization of solid shells, and applications of microcapsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hoon Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ye Hun Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wahyu Martumpal Hamonangan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoonjin Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shin-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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37
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Bi-directional feedback controlled transience in Cucurbituril based tandem nanozyme. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 614:172-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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38
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Zhou X, Zhu L, Li W, Liu Q. An integrated microfluidic chip for alginate microsphere generation and 3D cell culture. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1181-1186. [PMID: 35179175 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01820e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel microspheres have attracted increasing attention as cell culture carriers. The system of hydrogel microspheres provides great advantages for cell growth owing to its high surface-to-volume ratio and biocompatible environment. However, an integrated system that includes microsphere generation, microsphere capture and in situ culture together has not been realized yet. Here we present a multifunctional microfluidic device to accomplish the overall process including cell-laden microsphere generation, online demulsification and dynamic-culture. The microfluidic device can produce massive monodispersed alginate microspheres and allows us to immobilize the alginate microspheres and record bacterial growth. Moreover, the microspheres provide a suitable environment through the mechanical properties of soft tissues, leading to high cell viability, proliferation, activity and biocompatibility. We believe that this versatile and biocompatible platform will provide a more reliable analysis tool for tissue engineering and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2, Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China.
| | - Libo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2, Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2, Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China.
| | - Quanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2, Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China.
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39
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Zhan Z, Liu Z, Nan H, Li J, Xie Y, Hu C. Heterogeneous spheroids with tunable interior morphologies by droplet-based microfluidics. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35290971 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac5e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous spheroids that mimic the complex three-dimensional environment of natural tissues are needed in various biomedical applications. Geometric cues from cellular matrix play invaluable roles in governing cell behavior and phenotype. However, the structural complexity of interior morphologies of spheroids is currently limited due to poor spatial resolution of positioning/orientation of cellular constructs. Here, a coaxial capillary microfluidic device is developed to generate gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) microspheres with tunable dimensions and interior morphologies, such as core-shell, or microspheres with interior undulated wavy, or spiral canals, by manipulating the two-phase flow of hydrogel precursor solution and methylcellulose solution. The formation of diverse and exquisite interior morphologies is caused by the interacting viscous instabilities of the two-phase flow in the microfluidic system, followed by water-in-oil emulsion and photo-initiated polymerization. Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) is incorporated into the GelMA solution to tune the mechanical properties of the fabricated microspheres, and an optimized concentration of PEGDA is confirmed by evaluating the in vitro proliferation and vascularization of human umbilical endothelial cells. Further, a heterogeneous spheroid with spiral blood vessel lumen is constructed to demonstrate the versatility and potential of the proposed droplet-based microfluidic approach for building functional tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhan
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, xueyuan Blvd., Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, CHINA
| | - Zeyang Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, xueyuan Blvd., Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, CHINA
| | - Haochen Nan
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, xueyuan Blvd., Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, CHINA
| | - Jianjie Li
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, xueyuan Blvd., Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, CHINA
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, xueyuan Blvd., Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, CHINA
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, xueyuan Blvd., Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, CHINA
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40
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Jiang S, Caire da Silva L, Ivanov T, Mottola M, Landfester K. Synthetic Silica Nano‐Organelles for Regulation of Cascade Reactions in Multi‐Compartmentalized Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education School of Medicine and Pharmacy Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China
| | | | - Tsvetomir Ivanov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Milagro Mottola
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT) Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, 5016 Córdoba Argentina
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41
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Schmidt BVKJ. Multicompartment Hydrogels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100895. [PMID: 35092101 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels belong to the most promising materials in polymer and materials science at the moment. As they feature soft and tissue-like character as well as high water-content, a broad range of applications are addressed with hydrogels, e.g. tissue engineering and wound dressings but also soft robotics, drug delivery, actuators and catalysis. Ways to tailor hydrogel properties are crosslinking mechanism, hydrogel shape and reinforcement, but new features can be introduced by variation of hydrogel composition as well, e.g. via monomer choice, functionalization or compartmentalization. Especially, multicompartment hydrogels drive progress towards complex and highly functional soft materials. In the present review the latest developments in multicompartment hydrogels are highlighted with a focus on three types of compartments, i.e. micellar/vesicular, droplets or multi-layers including various sub-categories. Furthermore, several morphologies of compartmentalized hydrogels and applications of multicompartment hydrogels will be discussed as well. Finally, an outlook towards future developments of the field will be given. The further development of multicompartment hydrogels is highly relevant for a broad range of applications and will have a significant impact on biomedicine and organic devices. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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42
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Chu JO, Choi Y, Kim DW, Jeong HS, Park JP, Weitz DA, Lee SJ, Lee H, Choi CH. Cell-Inspired Hydrogel Microcapsules with a Thin Oil Layer for Enhanced Retention of Highly Reactive Antioxidants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2597-2604. [PMID: 34983184 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In nature, individual cells are compartmentalized by a membrane that protects the cellular elements from the surrounding environment while simultaneously equipped with an antioxidant defense system to alleviate the oxidative stress resulting from light, oxygen, moisture, and temperature. However, this mechanism has not been realized in cellular mimics to effectively encapsulate and retain highly reactive antioxidants. Here, we report cell-inspired hydrogel microcapsules with an interstitial oil layer prepared by utilizing triple emulsion drops as templates to achieve enhanced retention of antioxidants. We employ ionic gelation for the hydrogel shell to prevent exposure of the encapsulated antioxidants to free radicals typically generated during photopolymerization. The interstitial oil layer in the microcapsule serves as an stimulus-responsive diffusion barrier, enabling efficient encapsulation and retention of antioxidants by providing an adequate pH microenvironment until osmotic pressure is applied to release the cargo on-demand. Moreover, addition of a lipophilic reducing agent in the oil layer induces a complementary reaction with the antioxidant, similar to the nonenzymatic antioxidant defense system in cells, leading to enhanced retention of the antioxidant activity. Furthermore, we show the complete recovery and even further enhancement in antioxidant activity by lowering the storage temperature, which decreases the oxidation rate while retaining the complementary reaction with the lipophilic reducing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ok Chu
- Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38610, Korea
| | - Yoon Choi
- Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38610, Korea
| | - Do-Wan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38610, Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Jeong
- Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38610, Korea
| | - Jong Pil Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - David A Weitz
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Physics, Harvard University, 9 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Sei-Jung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38610, Korea
| | - Hyomin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyung Choi
- Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38610, Korea
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43
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Hierarchically encapsulating enzymes with multi-shelled metal-organic frameworks for tandem biocatalytic reactions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:305. [PMID: 35027566 PMCID: PMC8758787 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-27983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocatalytic transformations in living organisms, such as multi-enzyme catalytic cascades, proceed in different cellular membrane-compartmentalized organelles with high efficiency. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to mimicking biocatalytic cascade processes in natural systems. Herein, we demonstrate that multi-shelled metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be used as a hierarchical scaffold to spatially organize enzymes on nanoscale to enhance cascade catalytic efficiency. Encapsulating multi-enzymes with multi-shelled MOFs by epitaxial shell-by-shell overgrowth leads to 5.8~13.5-fold enhancements in catalytic efficiencies compared with free enzymes in solution. Importantly, multi-shelled MOFs can act as a multi-spatial-compartmental nanoreactor that allows physically compartmentalize multiple enzymes in a single MOF nanoparticle for operating incompatible tandem biocatalytic reaction in one pot. Additionally, we use nanoscale Fourier transform infrared (nano-FTIR) spectroscopy to resolve nanoscale heterogeneity of vibrational activity associated to enzymes encapsulated in multi-shelled MOFs. Furthermore, multi-shelled MOFs enable facile control of multi-enzyme positions according to specific tandem reaction routes, in which close positioning of enzyme-1-loaded and enzyme-2-loaded shells along the inner-to-outer shells could effectively facilitate mass transportation to promote efficient tandem biocatalytic reaction. This work is anticipated to shed new light on designing efficient multi-enzyme catalytic cascades to encourage applications in many chemical and pharmaceutical industrial processes. Mimicking multi-enzyme catalytic cascades in natural systems with spatial organization in confined structures is gaining increasing attention in the emerging field of systems chemistry. Here, the authors demonstrate that multi-shelled metal-organic frameworks can be used as a hierarchical scaffold to spatially organize enzymes on nanoscale to enhance cascade catalytic efficiency.
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44
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Zhang X, Qu Q, Zhou A, Wang Y, Zhang J, Xiong R, Lenders V, Manshian BB, Hua D, Soenen SJ, Huang C. Core-shell microparticles: From rational engineering to diverse applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 299:102568. [PMID: 34896747 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Core-shell microparticles, composed of solid, liquid, or gas bubbles surrounded by a protective shell, are gaining considerable attention as intelligent and versatile carriers that show great potential in biomedical fields. In this review, an overview is given of recent developments in design and applications of biodegradable core-shell systems. Several emerging methodologies including self-assembly, gas-shearing, and coaxial electrospray are discussed and microfluidics technology is emphasized in detail. Furthermore, the characteristics of core-shell microparticles in artificial cells, drug release and cell culture applications are discussed and the superiority of these advanced multi-core microparticles for the generation of artificial cells is highlighted. Finally, the respective developing orientations and limitations inherent to these systems are addressed. It is hoped that this review can inspire researchers to propel the development of this field with new ideas.
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45
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Zhang Y, Wang BC, Wang P, Ju XJ, Zhang MJ, Xie R, Liu Z, Wang W, Chu LY. Microfluidic fabrication of hydrogel microparticles with MOF-armoured multi-enzymes for cascade biocatalytic reactions. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00257k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Uniform hydrogel microparticles with ZIF-8 nanoparticles for molecular co-confinement of cascade enzymes are developed by microfluidics to achieve enhanced stability and reusability under harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Bi-Cong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Po Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Ju
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Mao-Jie Zhang
- College of Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610101, China
| | - Rui Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Liang-Yin Chu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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46
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Sun Q, Wang Z, Liu B, He F, Gai S, Yang P, Yang D, Li C, Lin J. Recent advances on endogenous/exogenous stimuli-triggered nanoplatforms for enhanced chemodynamic therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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47
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Lian SWM, Guo S, Ren K, Xu Y, Ho JS, Chen CH. Heterogeneous multi-compartmental DNA hydrogel particles prepared via microfluidic assembly for lymphocyte-inspired precision medicine. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:20531-20540. [PMID: 34859803 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06594g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocytes play a vital role in immunosurveillance through sensing biomolecules and eliminating targeted invaders. Compared with conventional therapies that depend on drug loading, lymphocytes are advantageous as they are able to ensure self-regulated therapeutics. Here, novel multi-compartmental DNA hydrogel particles were synthesized using a microfluidic assembly for intelligent cancer treatment via the logic-based control of siRNA release without external stimulation. The sensing sequence (D1) was compartmentalized from the treatment sequence (D2) with the use of core-shell DNA hydrogel particles. When D1 detects a cancer-associated biomarker, miRNA-21, a sequence cascade is triggered to release siRNA from D2, effectively eliminating the targeted cancer cells via lymphocyte-inspired precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Wan Mei Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 04-08, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), MD6, 14 Medical Drive #14-01, Singapore 117599
| | - Song Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 04-08, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), MD6, 14 Medical Drive #14-01, Singapore 117599
| | - Kewei Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 04-08, 117583, Singapore
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - John S Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 04-08, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), MD6, 14 Medical Drive #14-01, Singapore 117599
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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48
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Fan F, Lu X, Liang X, Wang L, Guo Y. Preparation of hydrogel nanocomposite functionalized silica microspheres and its application in mixed-mode liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1662:462745. [PMID: 34933186 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel is a kind of three-dimensional network structure polymer that can absorb water and swell in water. It has been widely used in many fields due to its flexible functionality. We proposed the design strategy of dual-network hydrogel assisted by a metal-organic-framework (MOF) and modified them on the surface of silica (with average particle diameter of 5 μm and average pore diameter of 76 Å). On the basis of effectively avoiding shortcomings such as osmotic pressure caused by swelling, abundant mesh types of composite material also improves the separation selectivity of the stationary phase. A variety of analytes such as nucleosides/bases, antibiotics, organic acids, carbohydrates, alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides and anions can be selectively separated. The research on the retention behavior and the interaction mechanism proves that the column can be used in mixed mode liquid chromatography. By comparing with the optimized chromatographic conditions of commercial HILIC column and C18 column, this new type of stationary phase also has some significant advantages in the selective separation of mixed analytes. This new stationary phase also has excellent acid/base stability. The intraday relative standard deviation of their retention time under acidic conditions is 0.05%-0.26% (n = 10), and the intraday relative standard deviation under basic conditions is 0.11-0.14% (n = 10). After optimizing the chromatographic conditions, the efficiency of this new type of chromatographic column can reach 90,300 plates/m (sucrose). In short, a new strategy for applying hydrogel to liquid chromatography with high selectivity and chromatographic separation performance is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbin Fan
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaojing Liang
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Licheng Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yong Guo
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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49
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Chen C, Wang X, Wang Y, Tian L, Cao J. Construction of protocell-based artificial signal transduction pathways. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12754-12763. [PMID: 34755716 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03775g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of an orderly and controllable multicellular society depends on the communication and signal regulation between various types of biological cells. How to replicate complicated signal transduction pathways in synthetic protocellular communities remains a key challenge in bottom-up synthetic biology. Herein, we review recent advances in the design and construction of interactive protocell communities, or protocell communities and biological communities, and explore the ways of designing and constructing artificial paracrine-like signaling pathways and juxtacrine-like signaling pathways. Key molecules involved in the signaling pathways that can be used to connect two or more spatially separated communities, and diverse signal outputs generated by the communication are summarized. We also propose the limitations, challenges and opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Liangfei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. .,Department of Ultrasound, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, 66 Dongxin Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jinxuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
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Liu F, Guan X, Liu X, McClements DJ, Ngai T. Bioinspired Eggosomes with Dual Stimuli-Responsiveness. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7825-7835. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuguo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - To Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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