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Elfar GA, Aning O, Ngai TW, Yeo P, Chan JWK, Sim SH, Goh L, Yuan J, Phua CZJ, Yeo JZZ, Mak SY, Goh BKP, Chow PKH, Tam WL, Ho YS, Cheok CF. p53-dependent crosstalk between DNA replication integrity and redox metabolism mediated through a NRF2-PARP1 axis. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae811. [PMID: 39315696 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying p53-mediated protection of the replicating genome remain elusive, despite the quintessential role of p53 in maintaining genomic stability. Here, we uncover an unexpected function of p53 in curbing replication stress by limiting PARP1 activity and preventing the unscheduled degradation of deprotected stalled forks. We searched for p53-dependent factors and elucidated RRM2B as a prime factor. Deficiency in p53/RRM2B results in the activation of an NRF2 antioxidant transcriptional program, with a concomitant elevation in basal PARylation in cells. Dissecting the consequences of p53/RRM2B loss revealed a crosstalk between redox metabolism and genome integrity that is negotiated through a hitherto undescribed NRF2-PARP1 axis, and pinpoint G6PD as a primary oxidative stress-induced NRF2 target and activator of basal PARylation. This study elucidates how loss of p53 could be destabilizing for the replicating genome and, importantly, describes an unanticipated crosstalk between redox metabolism, PARP1 and p53 tumor suppressor pathway that is broadly relevant in cancers and can be leveraged therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Ahmed Elfar
- NUS Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Obed Aning
- NUS Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Tsz Wai Ngai
- NUS Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Pearlyn Yeo
- NUS Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Joel Wai Kit Chan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Shang Hong Sim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Leonard Goh
- NUS Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Ju Yuan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Cheryl Zi Jin Phua
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Joanna Zhen Zhen Yeo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Shi Ya Mak
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Brian Kim Poh Goh
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore and National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pierce Kah-Hoe Chow
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore and National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Surgery Academic ClinicalProgramme, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Leong Tam
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Swan Ho
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Chit Fang Cheok
- NUS Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Kurashima K, Kamikawa Y, Tsubouchi T. Embryonic stem cells maintain high origin activity and slow forks to coordinate replication with cell cycle progression. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:3757-3776. [PMID: 39054377 PMCID: PMC11387781 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent stem cells that can produce all cell types of an organism. ES cells proliferate rapidly and are thought to experience high levels of intrinsic replication stress. Here, by investigating replication fork dynamics in substages of S phase, we show that mammalian pluripotent stem cells maintain a slow fork speed and high active origin density throughout the S phase, with little sign of fork pausing. In contrast, the fork speed of non-pluripotent cells is slow at the beginning of S phase, accompanied by increased fork pausing, but thereafter fork pausing rates decline and fork speed rates accelerate in an ATR-dependent manner. Thus, replication fork dynamics within the S phase are distinct between ES and non-ES cells. Nucleoside addition can accelerate fork speed and reduce origin density. However, this causes miscoordination between the completion of DNA replication and cell cycle progression, leading to genome instability. Our study indicates that fork slowing in the pluripotent stem cells is an integral aspect of DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Kurashima
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yasunao Kamikawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomomi Tsubouchi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan.
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3
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Jo U, Arakawa Y, Zimmermann A, Taniyama D, Mizunuma M, Jenkins LM, Maity T, Kumar S, Zenke FT, Takebe N, Pommier Y. The Novel ATR Inhibitor M1774 Induces Replication Protein Overexpression and Broad Synergy with DNA-targeted Anticancer Drugs. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:911-923. [PMID: 38466804 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) checkpoint kinase inhibitors are in clinical trials. Here we explored the molecular pharmacology and therapeutic combination strategies of the oral ATR inhibitor M1774 (Tuvusertib) with DNA-damaging agents (DDA). As single agent, M1774 suppressed cancer cell viability at nanomolar concentrations, showing greater activity than ceralasertib and berzosertib, but less potency than gartisertib and elimusertib in the small cell lung cancer H146, H82, and DMS114 cell lines. M1774 also efficiently blocked the activation of the ATR-CHK1 checkpoint pathway caused by replication stress induced by TOP1 inhibitors. Combination with non-toxic dose of M1774 enhanced TOP1 inhibitor-induced cancer cell death by enabling unscheduled replication upon replicative damage, thereby increasing genome instability. Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics uncovered that M1774, in the presence of DDA, forces the expression of proteins activating replication (CDC45) and G2-M progression (PLK1 and CCNB1). In particular, the fork protection complex proteins (TIMELESS and TIPIN) were enriched. Low dose of M1774 was found highly synergistic with a broad spectrum of clinical DDAs including TOP1 inhibitors (SN-38/irinotecan, topotecan, exatecan, and exatecan), the TOP2 inhibitor etoposide, cisplatin, the RNA polymerase II inhibitor lurbinectedin, and the PARP inhibitor talazoparib in various models including cancer cell lines, patient-derived organoids, and mouse xenograft models. Furthermore, we demonstrate that M1774 reverses chemoresistance to anticancer DDAs in cancer cells lacking SLFN11 expression, suggesting that SLFN11 can be utilized for patient selection in upcoming clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukhyun Jo
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yasuhiro Arakawa
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Daiki Taniyama
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Makito Mizunuma
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lisa M Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tapan Maity
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Naoko Takebe
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Goehring L, Keegan S, Lahiri S, Xia W, Kong M, Jimenez-Sainz J, Gupta D, Drapkin R, Jensen RB, Smith DJ, Rothenberg E, Fenyö D, Huang TT. Dormant origin firing promotes head-on transcription-replication conflicts at transcription termination sites in response to BRCA2 deficiency. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4716. [PMID: 38830843 PMCID: PMC11148086 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BRCA2 is a tumor suppressor protein responsible for safeguarding the cellular genome from replication stress and genotoxicity, but the specific mechanism(s) by which this is achieved to prevent early oncogenesis remains unclear. Here, we provide evidence that BRCA2 acts as a critical suppressor of head-on transcription-replication conflicts (HO-TRCs). Using Okazaki-fragment sequencing (Ok-seq) and computational analysis, we identified origins (dormant origins) that are activated near the transcription termination sites (TTS) of highly expressed, long genes in response to replication stress. Dormant origins are a source for HO-TRCs, and drug treatments that inhibit dormant origin firing led to a reduction in HO-TRCs, R-loop formation, and DNA damage. Using super-resolution microscopy, we showed that HO-TRC events track with elongating RNA polymerase II, but not with transcription initiation. Importantly, RNase H2 is recruited to sites of HO-TRCs in a BRCA2-dependent manner to help alleviate toxic R-loops associated with HO-TRCs. Collectively, our results provide a mechanistic basis for how BRCA2 shields against genomic instability by preventing HO-TRCs through both direct and indirect means occurring at predetermined genomic sites based on the pre-cancer transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Goehring
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Keegan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University School of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sudipta Lahiri
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wenxin Xia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Kong
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dipika Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan B Jensen
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Duncan J Smith
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University School of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tony T Huang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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5
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Wondisford AR, Lee J, Lu R, Schuller M, Groslambert J, Bhargava R, Schamus-Haynes S, Cespedes LC, Opresko PL, Pickett HA, Min J, Ahel I, O'Sullivan RJ. Deregulated DNA ADP-ribosylation impairs telomere replication. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:791-800. [PMID: 38714889 PMCID: PMC11102865 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The recognition that DNA can be ADP ribosylated provides an unexpected regulatory level of how ADP-ribosylation contributes to genome stability, epigenetics and immunity. Yet, it remains unknown whether DNA ADP-ribosylation (DNA-ADPr) promotes genome stability and how it is regulated. Here, we show that telomeres are subject to DNA-ADPr catalyzed by PARP1 and removed by TARG1. Mechanistically, we show that DNA-ADPr is coupled to lagging telomere DNA strand synthesis, forming at single-stranded DNA present at unligated Okazaki fragments and on the 3' single-stranded telomere overhang. Persistent DNA-linked ADPr, due to TARG1 deficiency, eventually leads to telomere shortening. Furthermore, using the bacterial DNA ADP-ribosyl-transferase toxin to modify DNA at telomeres directly, we demonstrate that unhydrolyzed DNA-linked ADP-ribose compromises telomere replication and telomere integrity. Thus, by identifying telomeres as chromosomal targets of PARP1 and TARG1-regulated DNA-ADPr, whose deregulation compromises telomere replication and integrity, our study highlights and establishes the critical importance of controlling DNA-ADPr turnover for sustained genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R Wondisford
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Junyeop Lee
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Lu
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marion Schuller
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Ragini Bhargava
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sandra Schamus-Haynes
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leyneir C Cespedes
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia L Opresko
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hilda A Pickett
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jaewon Min
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roderick J O'Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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6
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Pandya P, Vendetti FP, El-Ghoubaira J, Pathak S, Deppas JJ, Jones R, Columbus AV, Zhang Y, Ivanov D, Huang Z, MacDonald KM, Harding SM, Buj R, Aird KM, Beumer JH, Sobol RW, Bakkenist CJ. Deoxyuridine-rich cytoplasmic DNA antagonizes STING-dependent innate immune responses and sensitizes resistant tumors to anti-PD-L1 therapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.04.588079. [PMID: 38883769 PMCID: PMC11178004 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.04.588079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
DNA damage and cytoplasmic DNA induce type-1 interferon (IFN-1) and potentiate responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Our prior work found that inhibitors of the DNA damage response kinase ATR (ATRi) induce IFN-1 and deoxyuridine (dU) incorporation by DNA polymerases, akin to antimetabolites. Whether and how dU incorporation is required for ATRi-induced IFN-1 signaling is not known. Here, we show that ATRi-dependent IFN-1 responses require uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG)-initiated base excision repair and STING. Quantitative analyses of nine distinct nucleosides reveals that ATRi induce dU incorporation more rapidly in UNG wild-type than knockout cells, and that induction of IFN-1 is associated with futile cycles of repair. While ATRi induce similar numbers of micronuclei in UNG wild-type and knockout cells, dU containing micronuclei and cytoplasmic DNA are increased in knockout cells. Surprisingly, DNA fragments containing dU block STING-dependent induction of IFN-1, MHC-1, and PD-L1. Furthermore, UNG knockout sensitizes cells to IFN-γ in vitro , and potentiates responses to anti-PD-L1 in resistant tumors in vivo . These data demonstrate an unexpected and specific role for dU-rich DNA in suppressing STING-dependent IFN-1 responses, and show that UNG-deficient tumors have a heightened response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Antimetabolites disrupt nucleotide pools and increase dU incorporation by DNA polymerases. We show that unrepaired dU potentiates responses to checkpoint inhibitors in mouse models of cancer. Patients with low tumor UNG may respond to antimetabolites combined with checkpoint inhibitors, and patients with high tumor UNG may respond to UNG inhibitors combined with checkpoint inhibitors.
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7
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Yang Z, Mogre S, He R, Berdan EL, Ho Sui S, Hill S. The ORFIUS complex regulates ORC2 localization at replication origins. NAR Cancer 2024; 6:zcae003. [PMID: 38288445 PMCID: PMC10823580 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is a lethal malignancy with elevated replication stress (RS) levels and defective RS and RS-associated DNA damage responses. Here we demonstrate that the bromodomain-containing protein BRD1 is a RS suppressing protein that forms a replication origin regulatory complex with the histone acetyltransferase HBO1, the BRCA1 tumor suppressor, and BARD1, ORigin FIring Under Stress (ORFIUS). BRD1 and HBO1 promote eventual origin firing by supporting localization of the origin licensing protein ORC2 at origins. In the absence of BRD1 and/or HBO1, both origin firing and nuclei with ORC2 foci are reduced. BRCA1 regulates BRD1, HBO1, and ORC2 localization at replication origins. In the absence of BRCA1, both origin firing and nuclei with BRD1, HBO1, and ORC2 foci are increased. In normal and non-HGSC ovarian cancer cells, the ORFIUS complex responds to ATR and CDC7 origin regulatory signaling and disengages from origins during RS. In BRCA1-mutant and sporadic HGSC cells, BRD1, HBO1, and ORC2 remain associated with replication origins, and unresponsive to RS, DNA damage, or origin regulatory kinase inhibition. ORFIUS complex dysregulation may promote HGSC cell survival by allowing for upregulated origin firing and cell cycle progression despite accumulating DNA damage, and may be a RS target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Saie Mogre
- Department of Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ruiyang He
- Department of Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Emma L Berdan
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shannan J Ho Sui
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah J Hill
- Department of Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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8
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Kawale AS, Ran X, Patel PS, Saxena S, Lawrence MS, Zou L. APOBEC3A induces DNA gaps through PRIMPOL and confers gap-associated therapeutic vulnerability. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk2771. [PMID: 38241374 PMCID: PMC10798555 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Mutation signatures associated with apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide-like 3A/B (APOBEC3A/B) cytidine deaminases are prevalent across cancers, implying their roles as mutagenic drivers during tumorigenesis and tumor evolution. APOBEC3A (A3A) expression induces DNA replication stress and increases the cellular dependency on the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase for survival. Nonetheless, how A3A induces DNA replication stress remains unclear. We show that A3A induces replication stress without slowing replication forks. We find that A3A induces single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gaps through PrimPol-mediated repriming. A3A-induced ssDNA gaps are repaired by multiple pathways involving ATR, RAD51, and translesion synthesis. Both ATR inhibition and trapping of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) on DNA by PARP inhibitor impair the repair of A3A-induced gaps, preferentially killing A3A-expressing cells. When used in combination, PARP and ATR inhibitors selectively kill A3A-expressing cells synergistically in a manner dependent on PrimPol-generated gaps. Thus, A3A-induced replication stress arises from PrimPol-generated ssDNA gaps, which confer a therapeutic vulnerability to gap-targeted DNA repair inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya S. Kawale
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Ran
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Parasvi S. Patel
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sneha Saxena
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S. Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee Zou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Sugitani N, Mason HR, Campfield BT, Piganelli JD. An orally available cancer drug AZD6738 prevents type 1 diabetes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1290058. [PMID: 38164129 PMCID: PMC10757955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1290058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) affects three million Americans, with 80 new people diagnosed each day. T1D is currently uncurable and there is an urgent need to develop additional drug candidates to achieve the prevention of T1D. We propose AZD6738 (ATRi), an orally available drug currently in phases I and II of clinical trials for various cancers, as a novel candidate to prevent T1D. Based on previously reported findings of ATRi inducing cell death in rapidly proliferating T cells, we hypothesized that this drug would specifically affect self-antigen activated diabetogenic T cells. These cells, if left unchecked, could otherwise lead to the destruction of pancreatic β cells, contributing to the development of T1D. This work demonstrates that increasing the duration of ATRi treatment provides extended protection against T1D onset. Remarkably, 5-week ATRi treatment prevented T1D in a robust adoptive transfer mouse model. Furthermore, the splenocytes of animals that received 5-week ATRi treatment did not transfer immune-mediated diabetes, while the splenocytes from control animal transferred the disease in 10 days. This work shows that ATRi prevents T1D by specifically inducing cell death in self-antigen activated, highly proliferative diabetogenic T cells through the induction of DNA damage, resulting in the inhibition of IFNγ production and proliferation. These findings support the consideration of repurposing ATRi for T1D prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norie Sugitani
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hannah R. Mason
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian T. Campfield
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jon D. Piganelli
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Endocrinology, Indiana University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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10
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Lebdy R, Canut M, Patouillard J, Cadoret JC, Letessier A, Ammar J, Basbous J, Urbach S, Miotto B, Constantinou A, Abou Merhi R, Ribeyre C. The nucleolar protein GNL3 prevents resection of stalled replication forks. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57585. [PMID: 37965896 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Faithful DNA replication requires specific proteins that protect replication forks and so prevent the formation of DNA lesions that may damage the genome. Identification of new proteins involved in this process is essential to understand how DNA lesions accumulate in cancer cells and how they tolerate them. Here, we show that human GNL3/nucleostemin, a GTP-binding protein localized mostly in the nucleolus and highly expressed in cancer cells, prevents nuclease-dependent resection of nascent DNA in response to replication stress. We demonstrate that inhibiting origin firing reduces resection. This suggests that the heightened replication origin activation observed upon GNL3 depletion largely drives the observed DNA resection probably due to the exhaustion of the available RPA pool. We show that GNL3 and DNA replication initiation factor ORC2 interact in the nucleolus and that the concentration of GNL3 in the nucleolus is required to limit DNA resection. We propose that the control of origin firing by GNL3 through the sequestration of ORC2 in the nucleolus is critical to prevent nascent DNA resection in response to replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Lebdy
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (UMR9002), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Faculty of Sciences, Genomics and Surveillance Biotherapy (GSBT) Laboratory, R. Hariri Campus, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Marine Canut
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (UMR9002), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Julie Patouillard
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (UMR9002), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Anne Letessier
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Josiane Ammar
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (UMR9002), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jihane Basbous
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (UMR9002), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Serge Urbach
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 5203, Inserm U1191, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Benoit Miotto
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Angelos Constantinou
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (UMR9002), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Raghida Abou Merhi
- Faculty of Sciences, Genomics and Surveillance Biotherapy (GSBT) Laboratory, R. Hariri Campus, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Cyril Ribeyre
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (UMR9002), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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11
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Xu Y, Spear S, Ma Y, Lorentzen MP, Gruet M, McKinney F, Xu Y, Wickremesinghe C, Shepherd MR, McNeish I, Keun HC, Nijhuis A. Pharmacological depletion of RNA splicing factor RBM39 by indisulam synergizes with PARP inhibitors in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113307. [PMID: 37858464 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common subtype of ovarian cancer with limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis. In recent years, poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have demonstrated significant clinical benefits, especially in patients with BRCA1/2 mutations. However, acquired drug resistance and relapse is a major challenge. Indisulam (E7070) has been identified as a molecular glue that brings together splicing factor RBM39 and DCAF15 E3 ubiquitin ligase resulting in polyubiquitination, degradation, and subsequent RNA splicing defects. In this work, we demonstrate that the loss of RBM39 induces splicing defects in key DNA damage repair genes in ovarian cancer, leading to increased sensitivity to cisplatin and various PARP inhibitors. The addition of indisulam also improved olaparib response in mice bearing PARP inhibitor-resistant tumors. These findings demonstrate that combining RBM39 degraders and PARP inhibitors is a promising therapeutic approach to improve PARP inhibitor response in ovarian HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewei Xu
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Spear
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yurui Ma
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marc P Lorentzen
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Gruet
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Flora McKinney
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yitao Xu
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chiharu Wickremesinghe
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Iain McNeish
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hector C Keun
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Anke Nijhuis
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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12
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Ao W, Kim HI, Tommarello D, Conrads KA, Hood BL, Litzi T, Abulez T, Teng PN, Dalgard CL, Zhang X, Wilkerson MD, Darcy KM, Tarney CM, Phippen NT, Bakkenist CJ, Maxwell GL, Conrads TP, Risinger JI, Bateman NW. Metronomic dosing of ovarian cancer cells with the ATR inhibitor AZD6738 leads to loss of CDC25A expression and resistance to ATRi treatment. Gynecol Oncol 2023; 177:60-71. [PMID: 37639904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ATR kinase inhibitors promote cell killing by inducing replication stress and through potentiation of genotoxic agents in gynecologic cancer cells. To explore mechanisms of acquired resistance to ATRi in ovarian cancer, we characterized ATRi-resistant ovarian cancer cells generated by metronomic dosing with the clinical ATR inhibitor AZD6738. METHODS ATRi-resistant ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR3 and OV90) were generated by dosing with AZD6738 and assessed for sensitivity to Chk1i (LY2603618), PARPi (Olaparib) and combination with cisplatin or a CDK4/6 inhibitor (Palbociclib). Models were characterized by diverse methods including silencing CDC25A in OV90 cells and assessing impact on ATRi response. Serum proteomic analysis of ATRi-resistant OV90 xenografts was performed to identify circulating biomarker candidates of ATRi-resistance. RESULTS AZD6738-resistant cell lines are refractory to LY2603618, but not to Olaparib or combinations with cisplatin. Cell cycle analyses showed ATRi-resistant cells exhibit G1/S arrest following AZD6738 treatment. Accordingly, combination with Palbociclib confers resistance to AZD6738. AZD6738-resistant cells exhibit altered abundances of G1/S phase regulatory proteins, including loss of CDC25A in AZD6738-resistant OV90 cells. Silencing of CDC25A in OV90 cells confers resistance to AZD6738. Serum proteomics from AZD6738-resistant OV90 xenografts identified Vitamin D-Binding Protein (GC), Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and A1 (APOA1) as significantly elevated in AZD6738-resistant backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS We show that metronomic dosing of ovarian cancer cells with AZD6738 results in resistance to ATR/ Chk1 inhibitors, that loss of CDC25A expression represents a mechanism of resistance to ATRi treatment in ovarian cancer cells and identify several circulating biomarker candidates of CDC25A low, AZD6738-resistant ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ao
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda 20889, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Hong Im Kim
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Domenic Tommarello
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda 20889, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Kelly A Conrads
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda 20889, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Brian L Hood
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda 20889, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Tracy Litzi
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda 20889, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Tamara Abulez
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda 20889, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Pang-Ning Teng
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda 20889, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- The American Genome Center, Department of Anatomy Physiology and Genetics, Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Xijun Zhang
- The American Genome Center, Department of Anatomy Physiology and Genetics, Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Matthew D Wilkerson
- The American Genome Center, Department of Anatomy Physiology and Genetics, Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kathleen M Darcy
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda 20889, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; The John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda 20889, MD, USA
| | - Christopher M Tarney
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda 20889, MD, USA; The John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda 20889, MD, USA
| | - Neil T Phippen
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda 20889, MD, USA; The John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda 20889, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Bakkenist
- Departments of Radiation Biology and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - G Larry Maxwell
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda 20889, MD, USA; The John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda 20889, MD, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, 3300 Gallows Rd. Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
| | - Thomas P Conrads
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda 20889, MD, USA; The John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda 20889, MD, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, 3300 Gallows Rd. Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
| | - John I Risinger
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas W Bateman
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda 20889, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; The John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda 20889, MD, USA.
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13
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Lim Y, Tamayo-Orrego L, Schmid E, Tarnauskaite Z, Kochenova OV, Gruar R, Muramatsu S, Lynch L, Schlie AV, Carroll PL, Chistol G, Reijns MAM, Kanemaki MT, Jackson AP, Walter JC. In silico protein interaction screening uncovers DONSON's role in replication initiation. Science 2023; 381:eadi3448. [PMID: 37590370 PMCID: PMC10801813 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
CDC45-MCM2-7-GINS (CMG) helicase assembly is the central event in eukaryotic replication initiation. In yeast, a multi-subunit "pre-loading complex" (pre-LC) accompanies GINS to chromatin-bound MCM2-7, leading to CMG formation. Here, we report that DONSON, a metazoan protein mutated in microcephalic primordial dwarfism, is required for CMG assembly in vertebrates. Using AlphaFold to screen for protein-protein interactions followed by experimental validation, we show that DONSON scaffolds a vertebrate pre-LC containing GINS, TOPBP1, and DNA pol ε. Our evidence suggests that DONSON docks the pre-LC onto MCM2-7, delivering GINS to its binding site in CMG. A patient-derived DONSON mutation compromises CMG assembly and recapitulates microcephalic dwarfism in mice. These results unify our understanding of eukaryotic replication initiation, implicate defective CMG assembly in microcephalic dwarfism, and illustrate how in silico protein-protein interaction screening accelerates mechanistic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lim
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lukas Tamayo-Orrego
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ernst Schmid
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zygimante Tarnauskaite
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Olga V. Kochenova
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rhian Gruar
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sachiko Muramatsu
- Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS); Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Luke Lynch
- Biochemistry Department, Stanford School of Medicine; Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aitana Verdu Schlie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Paula L. Carroll
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Gheorghe Chistol
- Chemical and Systems Biology Department, Stanford School of Medicine; Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Martin A. M. Reijns
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Masato T. Kanemaki
- Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS); Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI; Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Andrew P. Jackson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Johannes C. Walter
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
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14
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Milletti G, Colicchia V, Cecconi F. Cyclers' kinases in cell division: from molecules to cancer therapy. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2035-2052. [PMID: 37516809 PMCID: PMC10482880 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Faithful eucaryotic cell division requires spatio-temporal orchestration of multiple sequential events. To ensure the dynamic nature of these molecular and morphological transitions, a swift modulation of key regulatory pathways is necessary. The molecular process that most certainly fits this description is phosphorylation, the post-translational modification provided by kinases, that is crucial to allowing the progression of the cell cycle and that culminates with the separation of two identical daughter cells. In detail, from the early stages of the interphase to the cytokinesis, each critical step of this process is tightly regulated by multiple families of kinases including the Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), kinases of the Aurora, Polo, Wee1 families, and many others. While cell-cycle-related CDKs control the timing of the different phases, preventing replication machinery errors, the latter modulate the centrosome cycle and the spindle function, avoiding karyotypic abnormalities typical of chromosome instability. Such chromosomal abnormalities may result from replication stress (RS) and chromosome mis-segregation and are considered a hallmark of poor prognosis, therapeutic resistance, and metastasis in cancer patients. Here, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of how different families of kinases concur to govern cell cycle, preventing RS and mitotic infidelity. Additionally, considering the growing number of clinical trials targeting these molecules, we review to what extent and in which tumor context cell-cycle-related kinases inhibitors are worth exploiting as an effective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Milletti
- DNA Replication and Cancer Group, Danish Cancer Institute, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valeria Colicchia
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- IRBM S.p.A., Via Pontina Km 30.60, 00070, Pomezia, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival Group, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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15
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Igarashi T, Mazevet M, Yasuhara T, Yano K, Mochizuki A, Nishino M, Yoshida T, Yoshida Y, Takamatsu N, Yoshimi A, Shiraishi K, Horinouchi H, Kohno T, Hamamoto R, Adachi J, Zou L, Shiotani B. An ATR-PrimPol pathway confers tolerance to oncogenic KRAS-induced and heterochromatin-associated replication stress. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4991. [PMID: 37591859 PMCID: PMC10435487 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the KRAS oncogene is a source of replication stress, but how this stress is generated and how it is tolerated by cancer cells remain poorly understood. Here we show that induction of KRASG12V expression in untransformed cells triggers H3K27me3 and HP1-associated chromatin compaction in an RNA transcription dependent manner, resulting in replication fork slowing and cell death. Furthermore, elevated ATR expression is necessary and sufficient for tolerance of KRASG12V-induced replication stress to expand replication stress-tolerant cells (RSTCs). PrimPol is phosphorylated at Ser255, a potential Chk1 substrate site, under KRASG12V-induced replication stress and promotes repriming to maintain fork progression and cell survival in an ATR/Chk1-dependent manner. However, ssDNA gaps are generated at heterochromatin by PrimPol-dependent repriming, leading to genomic instability. These results reveal a role of ATR-PrimPol in enabling precancerous cells to survive KRAS-induced replication stress and expand clonally with accumulation of genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Igarashi
- Laboratory of Genome Stress Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Marianne Mazevet
- Laboratory of Genome Stress Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yasuhara
- Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kimiyoshi Yano
- Laboratory of Genome Stress Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akifumi Mochizuki
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishino
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Takamatsu
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Akihide Yoshimi
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
- Division of Cancer RNA Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hidehito Horinouchi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Division of Medical AI Research and Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Clinical and Analytical Chemistry, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki-city, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Lee Zou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Bunsyo Shiotani
- Laboratory of Genome Stress Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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16
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Patel JA, Zezelic C, Rageul J, Saldanha J, Khan A, Kim H. Replisome dysfunction upon inducible TIMELESS degradation synergizes with ATR inhibition to trigger replication catastrophe. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:6246-6263. [PMID: 37144518 PMCID: PMC10325925 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure of DNA replication forks is preserved by TIMELESS (TIM) in the fork protection complex (FPC) to support seamless fork progression. While the scaffolding role of the FPC to couple the replisome activity is much appreciated, the detailed mechanism whereby inherent replication fork damage is sensed and counteracted during DNA replication remains largely elusive. Here, we implemented an auxin-based degron system that rapidly triggers inducible proteolysis of TIM as a source of endogenous DNA replication stress and replisome dysfunction to dissect the signaling events that unfold at stalled forks. We demonstrate that acute TIM degradation activates the ATR-CHK1 checkpoint, whose inhibition culminates in replication catastrophe by single-stranded DNA accumulation and RPA exhaustion. Mechanistically, unrestrained replisome uncoupling, excessive origin firing, and aberrant reversed fork processing account for the synergistic fork instability. Simultaneous TIM loss and ATR inactivation triggers DNA-PK-dependent CHK1 activation, which is unexpectedly necessary for promoting fork breakage by MRE11 and catastrophic cell death. We propose that acute replisome dysfunction results in a hyper-dependency on ATR to activate local and global fork stabilization mechanisms to counteract irreversible fork collapse. Our study identifies TIM as a point of replication vulnerability in cancer that can be exploited with ATR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinal A Patel
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Camryn Zezelic
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Julie Rageul
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Joanne Saldanha
- The Graduate program in Genetics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Arafat Khan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Hyungjin Kim
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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17
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Göder A, Quinlan A, Rainey MD, Bennett D, Shamavu D, Corso J, Santocanale C. PTBP1 enforces ATR-CHK1 signaling determining the potency of CDC7 inhibitors. iScience 2023; 26:106951. [PMID: 37378325 PMCID: PMC10291475 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CDC7 kinase is crucial for DNA replication initiation and fork processing. CDC7 inhibition mildly activates the ATR pathway, which further limits origin firing; however, to date the relationship between CDC7 and ATR remains controversial. We show that CDC7 and ATR inhibitors are either synergistic or antagonistic depending on the degree of inhibition of each individual kinase. We find that Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein 1 (PTBP1) is important for ATR activity in response to CDC7 inhibition and genotoxic agents. Compromised PTBP1 expression makes cells defective in RPA recruitment, genomically unstable, and resistant to CDC7 inhibitors. PTBP1 deficiency affects the expression and splicing of many genes indicating a multifactorial impact on drug response. We find that an exon skipping event in RAD51AP1 contributes to checkpoint deficiency in PTBP1-deficient cells. These results identify PTBP1 as a key factor in replication stress response and define how ATR activity modulates the activity of CDC7 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Göder
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91W2TY, Ireland
| | - Aisling Quinlan
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91W2TY, Ireland
| | - Michael D. Rainey
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91W2TY, Ireland
| | - Declan Bennett
- School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Daniel Shamavu
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91W2TY, Ireland
| | - Jacqueline Corso
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91W2TY, Ireland
| | - Corrado Santocanale
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91W2TY, Ireland
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18
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Heyza JR, Ekinci E, Lindquist J, Lei W, Yunker C, Vinothkumar V, Rowbotham R, Polin L, Snider N, Van Buren E, Watza D, Back J, Chen W, Mamdani H, Schwartz A, Turchi J, Bepler G, Patrick S. ATR inhibition overcomes platinum tolerance associated with ERCC1- and p53-deficiency by inducing replication catastrophe. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcac045. [PMID: 36644397 PMCID: PMC9832712 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
ERCC1/XPF is a heterodimeric DNA endonuclease critical for repair of certain chemotherapeutic agents. We recently identified that ERCC1- and p53-deficient lung cancer cells are tolerant to platinum-based chemotherapy. ATR inhibition synergistically re-stored platinum sensitivity to platinum tolerant ERCC1-deficient cells. Mechanistically we show this effect is reliant upon several functions of ATR including replication fork protection and altered cell cycle checkpoints. Utilizing an inhibitor of replication protein A (RPA), we further demonstrate that replication fork protection and RPA availability are critical for platinum-based drug tolerance. Dual treatment led to increased formation of DNA double strand breaks and was associated with chromosome pulverization. Combination treatment was also associated with increased micronuclei formation which were capable of being bound by the innate immunomodulatory factor, cGAS, suggesting that combination platinum and ATR inhibition may also enhance response to immunotherapy in ERCC1-deficient tumors. In vivo studies demonstrate a significant effect on tumor growth delay with combination therapy compared with single agent treatment. Results of this study have led to the identification of a feasible therapeutic strategy combining ATR inhibition with platinum and potentially immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors to overcome platinum tolerance in ERCC1-deficient, p53-mutant lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Heyza
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Elmira Ekinci
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jacob Lindquist
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wen Lei
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christopher Yunker
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vilvanathan Vinothkumar
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rachelle Rowbotham
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lisa Polin
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Natalie G Snider
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eric Van Buren
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Donovan Watza
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jessica B Back
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hirva Mamdani
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ann G Schwartz
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - John J Turchi
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- NERx Biosciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gerold Bepler
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Steve M Patrick
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
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19
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Böhly N, Schmidt AK, Zhang X, Slusarenko BO, Hennecke M, Kschischo M, Bastians H. Increased replication origin firing links replication stress to whole chromosomal instability in human cancer. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111836. [PMID: 36516748 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and comprises structural CIN (S-CIN) and numerical or whole chromosomal CIN (W-CIN). Recent work indicated that replication stress (RS), known to contribute to S-CIN, also affects mitotic chromosome segregation, possibly explaining the common co-existence of S-CIN and W-CIN in human cancer. Here, we show that RS-induced increased origin firing is sufficient to trigger W-CIN in human cancer cells. We discovered that overexpression of origin firing genes, including GINS1 and CDC45, correlates with W-CIN in human cancer specimens and causes W-CIN in otherwise chromosomally stable human cells. Furthermore, modulation of the ATR-CDK1-RIF1 axis increases the number of firing origins and leads to W-CIN. Importantly, chromosome missegregation upon additional origin firing is mediated by increased mitotic microtubule growth rates, a mitotic defect prevalent in chromosomally unstable cancer cells. Thus, our study identifies increased replication origin firing as a cancer-relevant trigger for chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Böhly
- Georg August University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Department of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Schmidt
- Georg August University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Department of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Department of Mathematics and Technology, 53424 Remagen, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Department of Informatics, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin O Slusarenko
- Georg August University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Department of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Magdalena Hennecke
- Georg August University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Department of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maik Kschischo
- University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Department of Mathematics and Technology, 53424 Remagen, Germany
| | - Holger Bastians
- Georg August University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Department of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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20
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Vipat S, Gupta D, Jonchhe S, Anderspuk H, Rothenberg E, Moiseeva TN. The non-catalytic role of DNA polymerase epsilon in replication initiation in human cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7099. [PMID: 36402816 PMCID: PMC9675812 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase epsilon (PolE) in an enzyme essential for DNA replication. Deficiencies and mutations in PolE cause severe developmental abnormalities and cancers. Paradoxically, the catalytic domain of yeast PolE catalytic subunit is dispensable for survival, and its non-catalytic essential function is linked with replicative helicase (CMG) assembly. Less is known about the PolE role in replication initiation in human cells. Here we use an auxin-inducible degron system to study the effect of POLE1 depletion on replication initiation in U2OS cells. POLE1-depleted cells were able to assemble CMG helicase and initiate DNA synthesis that failed shortly after. Expression of POLE1 non-catalytic domain rescued this defect resulting in slow, but continuous DNA synthesis. We propose a model where in human U2OS cells POLE1/POLE2 are dispensable for CMG assembly, but essential during later steps of replication initiation. Our study provides some insights into the role of PolE in replication initiation in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Vipat
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, 12618, Estonia
| | - Dipika Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sagun Jonchhe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Hele Anderspuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, 12618, Estonia
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Tatiana N Moiseeva
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, 12618, Estonia.
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21
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Neizer-Ashun F, Dwivedi S, Dey A, Thavathiru E, Berry W, Lees-Miller S, Mukherjee P, Bhattacharya R. KRCC1, a modulator of the DNA damage response. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:11028-11039. [PMID: 36243983 PMCID: PMC9638924 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysine-rich coiled-coil 1 (KRCC1) protein is overexpressed in multiple malignancies, including ovarian cancer, and overexpression correlates with poor overall survival. Despite a potential role in cancer progression, the biology of KRCC1 remains elusive. Here, we characterize the biology of KRCC1 and define its role in the DNA damage response and in cell cycle progression. We demonstrate that KRCC1 associates with the checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) upon DNA damage and regulates the CHK1-mediated checkpoint. KRCC1 facilitates RAD51 recombinase foci formation and augments homologous recombination repair. Furthermore, KRCC1 is required for proper S-phase progression and subsequent mitotic entry. Our findings uncover a novel component of the DNA damage response and a potential link between cell cycle, associated damage response and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiifi Neizer-Ashun
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Dhar Dwivedi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anindya Dey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Elangovan Thavathiru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - William L Berry
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Susan Patricia Lees-Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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22
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Sugitani N, Vendetti FP, Cipriano AJ, Pandya P, Deppas JJ, Moiseeva TN, Schamus-Haynes S, Wang Y, Palmer D, Osmanbeyoglu HU, Bostwick A, Snyder NW, Gong YN, Aird KM, Delgoffe GM, Beumer JH, Bakkenist CJ. Thymidine rescues ATR kinase inhibitor-induced deoxyuridine contamination in genomic DNA, cell death, and interferon-α/β expression. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111371. [PMID: 36130512 PMCID: PMC9646445 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ATR kinase is a central regulator of the DNA damage response (DDR) and cell cycle checkpoints. ATR kinase inhibitors (ATRi's) combine with radiation to generate CD8+ T cell-dependent responses in mouse models of cancer. We show that ATRi's induce cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1)-dependent origin firing across active replicons in CD8+ T cells activated ex vivo while simultaneously decreasing the activity of rate-limiting enzymes for nucleotide biosynthesis. These pleiotropic effects of ATRi induce deoxyuridine (dU) contamination in genomic DNA, R loops, RNA-DNA polymerase collisions, and interferon-α/β (IFN-α/β). Remarkably, thymidine rescues ATRi-induced dU contamination and partially rescues death and IFN-α/β expression in proliferating CD8+ T cells. Thymidine also partially rescues ATRi-induced cancer cell death. We propose that ATRi-induced dU contamination contributes to dose-limiting leukocytopenia and inflammation in the clinic and CD8+ T cell-dependent anti-tumor responses in mouse models. We conclude that ATR is essential to limit dU contamination in genomic DNA and IFN-α/β expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norie Sugitani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Frank P Vendetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew J Cipriano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pinakin Pandya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joshua J Deppas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tatiana N Moiseeva
- Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Sandra Schamus-Haynes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Drake Palmer
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hatice U Osmanbeyoglu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anna Bostwick
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yi-Nan Gong
- Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katherine M Aird
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jan H Beumer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christopher J Bakkenist
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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23
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The TRESLIN-MTBP complex couples completion of DNA replication with S/G2 transition. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3350-3365.e7. [PMID: 36049481 PMCID: PMC9506001 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that ATR kinase senses the completion of DNA replication to initiate the S/G2 transition. In contrast to this model, we show here that the TRESLIN-MTBP complex prevents a premature entry into G2 from early S-phase independently of ATR/CHK1 kinases. TRESLIN-MTBP acts transiently at pre-replication complexes (preRCs) to initiate origin firing and is released after the subsequent recruitment of CDC45. This dynamic behavior of TRESLIN-MTBP implements a monitoring system that checks the activation of replication forks and senses the rate of origin firing to prevent the entry into G2. This system detects the decline in the number of origins of replication that naturally occurs in very late S, which is the signature that cells use to determine the completion of DNA replication and permit the S/G2 transition. Our work introduces TRESLIN-MTBP as a key player in cell-cycle control independent of canonical checkpoints.
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24
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Soni A, Duan X, Stuschke M, Iliakis G. ATR Contributes More Than ATM in Intra-S-Phase Checkpoint Activation after IR, and DNA-PKcs Facilitates Recovery: Evidence for Modular Integration of ATM/ATR/DNA-PKcs Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7506. [PMID: 35886852 PMCID: PMC9316047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The intra-S-phase checkpoint was among the first reported cell cycle checkpoints in mammalian cells. It transiently slows down the rate of DNA replication after DNA damage to facilitate repair and thus prevents genomic instability. The ionizing radiation (IR)-induced intra-S-phase checkpoint in mammalian cells is thought to be mainly dependent upon the kinase activity of ATM. Defects in the intra-S-phase checkpoint result in radio-resistant DNA synthesis (RDS), which promotes genomic instability. ATM belongs to the PI3K kinase family along with ATR and DNA-PKcs. ATR has been shown to be the key kinase for intra-S-phase checkpoint signaling in yeast and has also been implicated in this checkpoint in higher eukaryotes. Recently, contributions of DNA-PKcs to IR-induced G2-checkpoint could also be established. Whether and how ATR and DNA-PKcs are involved in the IR-induced intra-S-phase checkpoint in mammalian cells is incompletely characterized. Here, we investigated the contributions of ATM, ATR, and DNA-PKcs to intra-S-phase checkpoint activation after exposure to IR of human and hamster cells. The results suggest that the activities of both ATM and ATR are essential for efficient intra-S-phase checkpoint activation. Indeed, in a wild-type genetic background, ATR inhibition generates stronger checkpoint defects than ATM inhibition. Similar to G2 checkpoint, DNA-PKcs contributes to the recovery from the intra-S-phase checkpoint. DNA-PKcs-deficient cells show persistent, mainly ATR-dependent intra-S-phase checkpoints. A correlation between the degree of DSB end resection and the strength of the intra-S-phase checkpoint is observed, which again compares well to the G2 checkpoint response. We conclude that the organization of the intra-S-phase checkpoint has a similar mechanistic organization to that of the G2 checkpoint in cells irradiated in the G2 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashish Soni
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.S.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.S.); (M.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - George Iliakis
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.S.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
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25
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Liu R, Huang Y. CDC7 as a novel biomarker and druggable target in cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1856-1864. [PMID: 35657477 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to the bottlenecks encountered in traditional treatment for tumor, more effective drug targets need to be developed. Cell division cycle 7 kinase plays an important role in DNA replication, DNA repair and recombination signaling pathways. In this review, we first describe recent studies on the role of CDC7 in DNA replication in normal human tissues, and then we integrate new evidence focusing on the important role of CDC7 in replication stress tolerance of tumor cells and its impact on the prognosis of clinical oncology patients. Finally, we comb through the CDC7 inhibitors identified in recent studies as a reference for further research in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Liu
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong Huang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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26
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A clinically relevant heterozygous ATR mutation sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to replication stress. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5422. [PMID: 35361811 PMCID: PMC8971416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third among the most frequent malignancies and represents the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. By interfering with the DNA replication process of cancer cells, several chemotherapeutic molecules used in CRC therapy induce replication stress (RS). At the cellular level, this stress is managed by the ATR-CHK1 pathway, which activates the replication checkpoint. In recent years, the therapeutic value of targeting this pathway has been demonstrated. Moreover, MSI + (microsatellite instability) tumors frequently harbor a nonsense, heterozygous mutation in the ATR gene. Using isogenic HCT116 clones, we showed that this mutation of ATR sensitizes the cells to several drugs, including SN-38 (topoisomerase I inhibitor) and VE-822 (ATR inhibitor) and exacerbates their synergistic effects. We showed that this mutation bottlenecks the replication checkpoint leading to extensive DNA damage. The combination of VE-822 and SN-38 induces an exhaustion of RPA and a subsequent replication catastrophe. Surviving cells complete replication and accumulate in G2 in a DNA-PK-dependent manner, protecting them from cell death. Together, our results suggest that RPA and DNA-PK represent promising therapeutic targets to optimize the inhibition of the ATR-CHK1 pathway in oncology. Ultimately, ATR frameshift mutations found in patients may also represent important prognostic factors.
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27
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Martin JC, Sims JR, Gupta A, Hagoel TJ, Gao L, Lynch ML, Woloszynska A, Melendy T, Kane JF, Kuechle J, Ohm JE. CDC7 kinase (DDK) inhibition disrupts DNA replication leading to mitotic catastrophe in Ewing sarcoma. Cell Death Discov 2022; 8:85. [PMID: 35220396 PMCID: PMC8882187 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is the second most common bone malignancy in children and adolescents. In recent years, a large body of evidence has emerged that suggests Ewing tumors harbor large amounts of replication stress (RS). CDC7, also known as DDK (DBF4-dependent kinase), is a serine/threonine kinase that is involved in a diverse array of cellular functions including the regulation of DNA replication initiation and activation of the RS response. Due to DDK's diverse roles during replication, coupled with the fact that there is an increased level of RS within Ewing tumors, we hypothesized that Ewing sarcoma cells would be particularly vulnerable to DDK inhibition. Here, we report that DDK inhibition resulted a significant reduction in cell viability and the induction of apoptosis, specifically in Ewing sarcoma cells. Treatment with DDK inhibitors dramatically reduced the rate of replication, prolonged S-phase, and led to a pronounced increase in phospho-CDC2 (Y15), indicating delay of mitotic entry. The induction of cell death corresponded to mitotic exit and G1 entry, suggesting improper mitotic progression. In accordance with this, we find that DDK inhibition caused premature mitotic entry resulting in mitotic abnormalities such as anaphase bridges, lagging chromosomes, and cells with >2 poles in Ewing sarcoma cells. This abnormal progression through mitosis resulted in mitotic catastrophe as evidenced by the formation of micronuclei and induction of DNA damage. Together, these findings suggest that DDK activity is required for the faithful and timely completion of DNA replication in Ewing cells and that DDK inhibition may present a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C. Martin
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Jennie R. Sims
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Ajay Gupta
- grid.273335.30000 0004 1936 9887Division of Pediatric Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Tamara J. Hagoel
- grid.273335.30000 0004 1936 9887Division of Pediatric Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Lingqiu Gao
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Miranda L. Lynch
- grid.249447.80000 0004 0422 1994Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Anna Woloszynska
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Thomas Melendy
- grid.273335.30000 0004 1936 9887Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Jeremy F. Kane
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Joseph Kuechle
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Joyce E. Ohm
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
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Wu X, Seraia E, Hatch SB, Wan X, Ebner DV, Aroldi F, Jiang Y, Ryan AJ, Bogenrieder T, Weyer-Czernilofsky U, Rieunier G, Macaulay VM. CHK1 inhibition exacerbates replication stress induced by IGF blockade. Oncogene 2022; 41:476-488. [PMID: 34773074 PMCID: PMC8782724 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) slows DNA replication and induces replication stress by downregulating the regulatory subunit RRM2 of ribonucleotide reductase, perturbing deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) supply. Aiming to exploit this effect in therapy we performed a compound screen in five breast cancer cell lines with IGF neutralising antibody xentuzumab. Inhibitor of checkpoint kinase CHK1 was identified as a top screen hit. Co-inhibition of IGF and CHK1 caused synergistic suppression of cell viability, cell survival and tumour growth in 2D cell culture, 3D spheroid cultures and in vivo. Investigating the mechanism of synthetic lethality, we reveal that CHK1 inhibition in IGF-1R depleted or inhibited cells further downregulated RRM2, reduced dNTP supply and profoundly delayed replication fork progression. These effects resulted in significant accumulation of unreplicated single-stranded DNA and increased cell death, indicative of replication catastrophe. Similar phenotypes were induced by IGF:WEE1 co-inhibition, also via exacerbation of RRM2 downregulation. Exogenous RRM2 expression rescued hallmarks of replication stress induced by co-inhibiting IGF with CHK1 or WEE1, identifying RRM2 as a critical target of the functional IGF:CHK1 and IGF:WEE1 interactions. These data identify novel therapeutic vulnerabilities and may inform future trials of IGF inhibitory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Wu
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elena Seraia
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Xiao Wan
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel V Ebner
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Yanyan Jiang
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anderson J Ryan
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Bogenrieder
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
- AMAL Therapeutics, c/o Fondation pour Recherches Médicales, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Guillaume Rieunier
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Immunocore Ltd, Abingdon, UK.
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29
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King D, Southgate HED, Roetschke S, Gravells P, Fields L, Watson JB, Chen L, Chapman D, Harrison D, Yeomanson D, Curtin NJ, Tweddle DA, Bryant HE. Increased Replication Stress Determines ATR Inhibitor Sensitivity in Neuroblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246215. [PMID: 34944835 PMCID: PMC8699051 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive high-dose multimodal therapy, high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) confers a less than 50% survival rate. This study investigates the role of replication stress in sensitivity to inhibition of Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) in pre-clinical models of high-risk NB. Amplification of the oncogene MYCN always imparts high-risk disease and occurs in 25% of all NB. Here, we show that MYCN-induced replication stress directly increases sensitivity to the ATR inhibitors VE-821 and AZD6738. PARP inhibition with Olaparib also results in replication stress and ATR activation, and sensitises NB cells to ATR inhibition independently of MYCN status, with synergistic levels of cell death seen in MYCN expressing ATR- and PARP-inhibited cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that ATR inhibition increases the number of persistent stalled and collapsed replication forks, exacerbating replication stress. It also abrogates S and G2 cell cycle checkpoints leading to death during mitosis in cells treated with an ATR inhibitor combined with PARP inhibition. In summary, increased replication stress through high MYCN expression, PARP inhibition or chemotherapeutic agents results in sensitivity to ATR inhibition. Our findings provide a mechanistic rationale for the inclusion of ATR and PARP inhibitors as a potential treatment strategy for high-risk NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- David King
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (D.K.); (S.R.); (P.G.); (L.F.); (D.C.); (D.H.)
| | - Harriet E. D. Southgate
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (H.E.D.S.); (J.B.W.); (L.C.)
- Newcastle Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - Saskia Roetschke
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (D.K.); (S.R.); (P.G.); (L.F.); (D.C.); (D.H.)
| | - Polly Gravells
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (D.K.); (S.R.); (P.G.); (L.F.); (D.C.); (D.H.)
| | - Leona Fields
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (D.K.); (S.R.); (P.G.); (L.F.); (D.C.); (D.H.)
| | - Jessica B. Watson
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (H.E.D.S.); (J.B.W.); (L.C.)
- Newcastle Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - Lindi Chen
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (H.E.D.S.); (J.B.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Devon Chapman
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (D.K.); (S.R.); (P.G.); (L.F.); (D.C.); (D.H.)
| | - Daniel Harrison
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (D.K.); (S.R.); (P.G.); (L.F.); (D.C.); (D.H.)
| | - Daniel Yeomanson
- Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK;
| | - Nicola J. Curtin
- Newcastle Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - Deborah A. Tweddle
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (H.E.D.S.); (J.B.W.); (L.C.)
- Newcastle Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
- Correspondence: (D.A.T.); (H.E.B.)
| | - Helen E. Bryant
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (D.K.); (S.R.); (P.G.); (L.F.); (D.C.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: (D.A.T.); (H.E.B.)
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30
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Yin Y, Lee WTC, Gupta D, Xue H, Tonzi P, Borowiec JA, Huang TT, Modesti M, Rothenberg E. A basal-level activity of ATR links replication fork surveillance and stress response. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4243-4257.e6. [PMID: 34473946 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells use diverse pathways to prevent deleterious consequences during DNA replication, yet the mechanism by which cells survey individual replisomes to detect spontaneous replication impediments at the basal level, and their accumulation during replication stress, remain undefined. Here, we used single-molecule localization microscopy coupled with high-order-correlation image-mining algorithms to quantify the composition of individual replisomes in single cells during unperturbed replication and under replicative stress. We identified a basal-level activity of ATR that monitors and regulates the amounts of RPA at forks during normal replication. Replication-stress amplifies the basal activity through the increased volume of ATR-RPA interaction and diffusion-driven enrichment of ATR at forks. This localized crowding of ATR enhances its collision probability, stimulating the activation of its replication-stress response. Finally, we provide a computational model describing how the basal activity of ATR is amplified to produce its canonical replication stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Wei Ting Chelsea Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dipika Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Huijun Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Peter Tonzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - James A Borowiec
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tony T Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mauro Modesti
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, CNRS UMR 7258, Inserm U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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31
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Simoneau A, Zou L. An extending ATR-CHK1 circuitry: the replication stress response and beyond. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 71:92-98. [PMID: 34329853 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of genomic integrity relies on the coordination of a wide range of cellular processes and efficient repair of DNA damage. Since its discovery over two decades ago, the ATR kinase has been recognized as the master regulator of the circuitry orchestrating the cellular responses to DNA damage and replication stress. Recent studies reveal that ATR additionally functions in the unperturbed cell cycle through its control of replication fork speed and stability, replication origin firing, completion of genome duplication, and chromosome segregation. Here, we discuss several recently discovered mechanisms through which ATR safeguards genomic integrity during the cell cycle, from S phase to mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Simoneau
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lee Zou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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32
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van Bijsterveldt L, Durley SC, Maughan TS, Humphrey TC. The Challenge of Combining Chemo- and Radiotherapy with Checkpoint Kinase Inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:937-962. [PMID: 33257428 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical models of cancer have demonstrated enhanced efficacy of cell-cycle checkpoint kinase inhibitors when used in combination with genotoxic agents. This combination therapy is predicted to be exquisitely toxic to cells with a deficient G1-S checkpoint or cells with a genetic predisposition leading to intrinsic DNA replication stress, as these cancer cells become fully dependent on the intra-S and G2-M checkpoints for DNA repair and cellular survival. Therefore, abolishing remaining cell-cycle checkpoints after damage leads to increased cell death in a tumor cell-specific fashion. However, the preclinical success of these drug combinations is not consistently replicated in clinical trials. Here, we provide a perspective on the translation of preclinical studies into rationally designed clinical studies. We will discuss successes and failures of current treatment combinations and drug regimens and provide a detailed overview of all clinical trials using ATR, CHK1, or WEE1 inhibitors in combination with genotoxic agents. This highlights the need for revised patient stratification and the use of appropriate pharmacodynamic biomarkers to improve the success rate of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda van Bijsterveldt
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel C Durley
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tim S Maughan
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy C Humphrey
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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33
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Jones MJK, Gelot C, Munk S, Koren A, Kawasoe Y, George KA, Santos RE, Olsen JV, McCarroll SA, Frattini MG, Takahashi TS, Jallepalli PV. Human DDK rescues stalled forks and counteracts checkpoint inhibition at unfired origins to complete DNA replication. Mol Cell 2021; 81:426-441.e8. [PMID: 33545059 PMCID: PMC8211091 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic genomes replicate via spatially and temporally regulated origin firing. Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK) promote origin firing, whereas the S phase checkpoint limits firing to prevent nucleotide and RPA exhaustion. We used chemical genetics to interrogate human DDK with maximum precision, dissect its relationship with the S phase checkpoint, and identify DDK substrates. We show that DDK inhibition (DDKi) leads to graded suppression of origin firing and fork arrest. S phase checkpoint inhibition rescued origin firing in DDKi cells and DDK-depleted Xenopus egg extracts. DDKi also impairs RPA loading, nascent-strand protection, and fork restart. Via quantitative phosphoproteomics, we identify the BRCA1-associated (BRCA1-A) complex subunit MERIT40 and the cohesin accessory subunit PDS5B as DDK effectors in fork protection and restart. Phosphorylation neutralizes autoinhibition mediated by intrinsically disordered regions in both substrates. Our results reveal mechanisms through which DDK controls the duplication of large vertebrate genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew J K Jones
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Camille Gelot
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephanie Munk
- University of Copenhagen and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Amnon Koren
- Cornell University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yoshitaka Kawasoe
- Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kelly A George
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ruth E Santos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jesper V Olsen
- University of Copenhagen and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | | | - Mark G Frattini
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tatsuro S Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Prasad V Jallepalli
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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34
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He S, Zhang M, Ye Y, Song Y, Ma X, Wang G, Zhuang J, Xia W, Zhao B. GINS2 affects cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in thyroid cancer via regulating MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:246. [PMID: 33537829 PMCID: PMC7893785 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, thyroid cancer (TC) is considered to be the commonest endocrine malignancy. GINS complex subunit 2 (GINS2) belongs to the GINS complex family and is associated with cellular migration, invasion and growth. The present study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of GINS2 on cell viability, migration and invasion in TC cells. By using MTT, wound healing and Transwell assays, the cell viability, migration and invasion were determined. Apoptosis was examined by immunofluorescence. Western blotting was used to detect protein expression levels. In the present study, biological function analysis demonstrated that GINS2 interference attenuated cell viability, migration and invasion in TC cell lines (K1 and SW579). It was discovered that, compared with the control group, GINS2 silencing induced apoptosis in TC cells. Additionally, GINS2 interference inhibited key proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway, including JNK, ERK and p38. According to these comparative experiments, GINS2 was considered to act a pivotal part in cell viability, migration and invasion of TC by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway and might be a potential therapeutic target for treating TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifei He
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ye
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Song
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Xing Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Guoyu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Juhua Zhuang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
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35
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Parsels LA, Engelke CG, Parsels J, Flanagan SA, Zhang Q, Tanska D, Wahl DR, Canman CE, Lawrence TS, Morgan MA. Combinatorial Efficacy of Olaparib with Radiation and ATR Inhibitor Requires PARP1 Protein in Homologous Recombination-Proficient Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:263-273. [PMID: 33268569 PMCID: PMC7867626 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PARP inhibitor monotherapy (olaparib) was recently FDA approved for the treatment of BRCA1/2-mutant, homologous recombination (HR) repair-deficient pancreatic cancer. Most pancreatic cancers, however, are HR proficient and thus resistant to PARP inhibitor monotherapy. We tested the hypothesis that combined therapy with radiation and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) inhibitor (AZD6738) would extend the therapeutic indication of olaparib to HR-proficient pancreatic cancers. We show that olaparib combined with AZD6738 significantly reduced radiation survival relative to either agent alone, regardless of HR status. Whereas catalytic inhibition of PARP with low concentrations of olaparib radiosensitized HR-deficient models, maximal sensitization in HR-proficient models required concentrations of olaparib that induce formation of PARP1-DNA complexes. Furthermore, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated PARP1 deletion failed to recapitulate the effects of olaparib on radiosensitivity and negated the combinatorial efficacy of olaparib and AZD6738 on radiosensitization, suggesting that PARP1-DNA complexes, rather than PARP catalytic inhibition, were responsible for radiosensitization. Mechanistically, therapeutic concentrations of olaparib in combination with radiation and AZD6738 increased DNA double-strand breaks. DNA fiber combing revealed that high concentrations of olaparib did not stall replication forks but instead accelerated replication fork progression in association with an ATR-mediated replication stress response that was antagonized by AZD6738. Finally, in HR-proficient tumor xenografts, the combination of olaparib, radiation, and AZD6738 significantly delayed tumor growth compared with all other treatments. These findings suggest that PARP1-DNA complexes are required for the therapeutic activity of olaparib combined with radiation and ATR inhibitor in HR-proficient pancreatic cancer and support the clinical development of this combination for tumors intrinsically resistant to PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Parsels
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carl G Engelke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joshua Parsels
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sheryl A Flanagan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daria Tanska
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel R Wahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christine E Canman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Meredith A Morgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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36
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Martin JC, Hoegel TJ, Lynch ML, Woloszynska A, Melendy T, Ohm JE. Exploiting Replication Stress as a Novel Therapeutic Intervention. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 19:192-206. [PMID: 33020173 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is an aggressive pediatric tumor of the bone and soft tissue. The current standard of care is radiation and chemotherapy, and patients generally lack targeted therapies. One of the defining molecular features of this tumor type is the presence of significantly elevated levels of replication stress as compared with both normal cells and many other types of cancers, but the source of this stress is poorly understood. Tumors that harbor elevated levels of replication stress rely on the replication stress and DNA damage response pathways to retain viability. Understanding the source of the replication stress in Ewing sarcoma may reveal novel therapeutic targets. Ewing sarcomagenesis is complex, and in this review, we discuss the current state of our knowledge regarding elevated replication stress and the DNA damage response in Ewing sarcoma, one contributor to the disease process. We will also describe how these pathways are being successfully targeted therapeutically in other tumor types, and discuss possible novel, evidence-based therapeutic interventions in Ewing sarcoma. We hope that this consolidation will spark investigations that uncover new therapeutic targets and lead to the development of better treatment options for patients with Ewing sarcoma. IMPLICATIONS: This review uncovers new therapeutic targets in Ewing sarcoma and highlights replication stress as an exploitable vulnerability across multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Martin
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Tamara J Hoegel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Miranda L Lynch
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Anna Woloszynska
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Thomas Melendy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Joyce E Ohm
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.
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37
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Huang TT, Brill E, Nair JR, Zhang X, Wilson KM, Chen L, Thomas CJ, Lee JM. Targeting the PI3K/mTOR Pathway Augments CHK1 Inhibitor-Induced Replication Stress and Antitumor Activity in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5380-5392. [PMID: 32998994 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in industrialized countries and has limited treatment options. Targeting ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related/cell-cycle checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1)-mediated S-phase and G2-M-phase cell-cycle checkpoints has been a promising therapeutic strategy in HGSOC. To improve the efficacy of CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i), we conducted a high-throughput drug combination screening in HGSOC cells. PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibitors (PI3K/mTORi) showed supra-additive cytotoxicity with CHK1i. Combined treatment with CHK1i and PI3K/mTORi significantly attenuated cell viability and increased DNA damage, chromosomal breaks, and mitotic catastrophe compared with monotherapy. PI3K/mTORi decelerated fork speed by promoting new origin firing via increased CDC45, thus potentiating CHK1i-induced replication stress. PI3K/mTORi also augmented CHK1i-induced DNA damage by attenuating DNA homologous recombination repair activity and RAD51 foci formation. High expression of replication stress markers was associated with poor prognosis in patients with HGSOC. Our findings indicate that combined PI3K/mTORi and CHK1i induces greater cell death in HGSOC cells and in vivo models by causing lethal replication stress and DNA damage. This insight can be translated therapeutically by further developing combinations of PI3K and cell-cycle pathway inhibitors in HGSOC. SIGNIFICANCE: Dual inhibition of CHK1 and PI3K/mTOR pathways yields potent synthetic lethality by causing lethal replication stress and DNA damage in HGSOC, warranting further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ting Huang
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Ethan Brill
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jayakumar R Nair
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kelli M Wilson
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lu Chen
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
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Dhoonmoon A, Schleicher EM, Clements KE, Nicolae CM, Moldovan GL. Genome-wide CRISPR synthetic lethality screen identifies a role for the ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP14 in DNA replication dynamics controlled by ATR. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:7252-7264. [PMID: 32542389 PMCID: PMC7367200 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response is essential to maintain genomic stability, suppress replication stress, and protect against carcinogenesis. The ATR-CHK1 pathway is an essential component of this response, which regulates cell cycle progression in the face of replication stress. PARP14 is an ADP-ribosyltransferase with multiple roles in transcription, signaling, and DNA repair. To understand the biological functions of PARP14, we catalogued the genetic components that impact cellular viability upon loss of PARP14 by performing an unbiased, comprehensive, genome-wide CRISPR knockout genetic screen in PARP14-deficient cells. We uncovered the ATR-CHK1 pathway as essential for viability of PARP14-deficient cells, and identified regulation of DNA replication dynamics as an important mechanistic contributor to the synthetic lethality observed. Our work shows that PARP14 is an important modulator of the response to ATR-CHK1 pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashna Dhoonmoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Emily M Schleicher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Kristen E Clements
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Claudia M Nicolae
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Gong L, Xiao M, He D, Hu Y, Zhu Y, Xiang L, Bao Y, Liu X, Zeng Q, Liu J, Zhou M, Zhou Y, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Deng L, Zhu R, Lan H, Cao K. WDHD1 Leads to Cisplatin Resistance by Promoting MAPRE2 Ubiquitination in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:461. [PMID: 32426268 PMCID: PMC7212426 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin ligases have been shown to regulate drug sensitivity. This study aimed to explore the role of the ubiquitin ligase WD repeat and HMG-box DNA binding protein 1 (WDHD1) in regulating cisplatin sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). A quantitative analysis of the global proteome identified differential protein expression between LUAD A549 cells and the cisplatin-resistant strain A549/DDP. Public databases revealed the relationship between ubiquitin ligase expression and the prognosis of patients with LUAD. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to estimate the WDHD1 expression levels. Analysis of public databases predicted the substrate of WDHD1. Western blotting detected the effect of WDHD1 on microtubule-associated protein RP/EB family member 2 (MAPRE2) and DSTN. Functional analysis of MAPRE2 verified the interaction between WDHD1 and MAPRE2, as well as the interacting sites by methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium assay and flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation, protein stability, and immunofluorescence. Cell and animal experiments confirmed the effect of WDHD1 and MAPRE2 on cisplatin sensitivity in LUAD. Clinical data evaluated the impact of WDHD1 expression level on cisplatin sensitivity. Quantitative analysis of the global proteome revealed ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism to be more active in A549/DDP cells than in A549 cells. WDHD1 expression was higher in A549/DDP cells than in A549 cells, and knocking out WDHD1 increased the sensitivity of A549/DDP cells to cisplatin. WDHD1 overexpression negatively correlated with the overall survival of LUAD patients. We observed that MAPRE2 was upregulated when WDHD1 was knocked out. A MAPRE2 knockout in A549 cells resulted in increased cell viability while decreasing apoptosis when the A549 cells exposed to cisplatin. WDHD1 and MAPRE2 were found to interact in the nucleus, and WDHD1 promoted the ubiquitination of MAPRE2. Following cisplatin exposure, the WDHD1 and MAPRE2 knockout groups facilitated cell proliferation and migration, inhibited apoptosis in A549/DDP cells, decreased apoptosis, and increased tumor size and growth rate in animal experiments. Immunohistochemistry showed that Ki67 levels increased, and levels of apoptotic indicators significantly decreased in the WDHD1 and MAPRE2 knockout groups. Clinical data confirmed that WDHD1 overexpression negatively correlated with cisplatin sensitivity. Thus, the ubiquitin ligase WDHD1 induces cisplatin resistance in LUAD by promoting MAPRE2 ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Gong
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqing Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dong He
- Department of Respiratory, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Bao
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianye Liu
- Department of Urology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaxin Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yeyu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liping Deng
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Lan
- Department of Gynaecology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Klinakis A, Karagiannis D, Rampias T. Targeting DNA repair in cancer: current state and novel approaches. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:677-703. [PMID: 31612241 PMCID: PMC11105035 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response, DNA repair and genomic instability have been under study for their role in tumor initiation and progression for many years now. More recently, next-generation sequencing on cancer tissue from various patient cohorts have revealed mutations and epigenetic silencing of various genes encoding proteins with roles in these processes. These findings, together with the unequivocal role of DNA repair in therapeutic response, have fueled efforts toward the clinical exploitation of research findings. The successful example of PARP1/2 inhibitors has also supported these efforts and led to numerous preclinical and clinical trials with a large number of small molecules targeting various components involved in DNA repair singularly or in combination with other therapies. In this review, we focus on recent considerations related to DNA damage response and new DNA repair inhibition agents. We then discuss how immunotherapy can collaborate with these new drugs and how epigenetic drugs can rewire the activity of repair pathways and sensitize cancer cells to DNA repair inhibition therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Klinakis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitris Karagiannis
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Theodoros Rampias
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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WEE1 kinase inhibitor AZD1775 induces CDK1 kinase-dependent origin firing in unperturbed G1- and S-phase cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23891-23893. [PMID: 31712441 PMCID: PMC6883772 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915108116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
WEE1 kinase is a key regulator of the G2/M transition. The WEE1 kinase inhibitor AZD1775 (WEE1i) induces origin firing in replicating cells. We show that WEE1i induces CDK1-dependent RIF1 phosphorylation and CDK2- and CDC7-dependent activation of the replicative helicase. WEE1 suppresses CDK1 and CDK2 kinase activities to regulate the G1/S transition after the origin licensing is complete. We identify a role for WEE1 in cell cycle regulation and important effects of AZD1775, which is in clinical trials.
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42
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Shin G, Jeong D, Kim H, Im JS, Lee JK. RecQL4 tethering on the pre-replicative complex induces unscheduled origin activation and replication stress in human cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16255-16265. [PMID: 31519754 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequential activation of DNA replication origins is precisely programmed and critical to maintaining genome stability. RecQL4, a member of the conserved RecQ family of helicases, plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication in mammalian cells. Here, we showed that RecQL4 protein tethered on the pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) induces early activation of late replicating origins during S phase. Tethering of RecQL4 or its N terminus on pre-RCs via fusion with Orc4 protein resulted in the recruitment of essential initiation factors, such as Mcm10, And-1, Cdc45, and GINS, increasing nascent DNA synthesis in late replicating origins during early S phase. In this origin activation process, tethered RecQL4 was able to recruit Cdc45 even in the absence of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity, whereas CDK phosphorylation of RecQL4 N terminus was required for interaction with and origin recruitment of And-1 and GINS. In addition, forced activation of replication origins by RecQL4 tethering resulted in increased replication stress and the accumulation of ssDNAs, which can be recovered by transcription inhibition. Collectively, these results suggest that recruitment of RecQL4 to replication origins is an important step for temporal activation of replication origins during S phase. Further, perturbation of replication timing control by unscheduled origin activation significantly induces replication stress, which is mostly caused by transcription-replication conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwangsu Shin
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsoo Jeong
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsup Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Sub Im
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Kyu Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea .,Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Mechanisms that limit origin firing are essential as the ˜50,000 origins that replicate the human genome in unperturbed cells are chosen from an excess of ˜500,000 licensed origins. Computational models of the spatiotemporal pattern of replication foci assume that origins fire stochastically with a domino-like progression that places later firing origins near recent fired origins. These stochastic models of origin firing require dormant origin signaling that inhibits origin firing and suppresses licensed origins for passive replication at a distance of ∼7-120 kbp around replication forks. ATR and CHK1 kinase inhibitors increase origin firing and increase origin density in unperturbed cells. Thus, basal ATR and CHK1 kinase-dependent dormant origin signaling inhibits origin firing and there appear to be two thresholds of ATR kinase signaling. A minority of ATR molecules are activated for ATR and CHK1 kinase-dependent dormant origin signaling and this is essential for DNA replication in unperturbed cells. A majority of ATR molecules are activated for ATR and CHK1 kinase-dependent checkpoint signaling in cells treated with DNA damaging agents that target replication forks. Since ATR and CHK1 kinase inhibitors increase origin firing and this is associated with fork stalling and extensive regions of single-stranded DNA, they are DNA damaging agents. Accordingly, the sequence of administration of ATR and CHK1 kinase inhibitors and DNA damaging agents may impact the DNA damage induced by the combination and the efficacy of cell killing by the combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N Moiseeva
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Research Pavilion, Suite 2.6, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-1863, United States.
| | - Christopher J Bakkenist
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Research Pavilion, Suite 2.6, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-1863, United States.
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An ATR and CHK1 kinase signaling mechanism that limits origin firing during unperturbed DNA replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:13374-13383. [PMID: 31209037 PMCID: PMC6613105 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903418116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The 50,000 origins that replicate the human genome are selected from an excess of licensed origins. Firing licensed origins that would otherwise be passively replicated is a simple mechanism to recover DNA replication between stalled replication forks. This plasticity in origin use promotes genome stability if an unknown mechanism prevents a subset of origins from firing during unperturbed DNA replication. We describe ATR and CHK1 kinase signaling that suppresses a CDK1 kinase-dependent phosphorylation on the chromatin protein RIF1. The CDK1 kinase-dependent phosphorylation of RIF1 disrupts its interaction with PP1 phosphatase. Thus, ATR and CHK1 stabilize an interaction between RIF1 and PP1 that counteracts CDC7 and CDK2 kinase signaling at licensed origins. This mechanism limits origin firing during unperturbed DNA replication. DNA damage-induced signaling by ATR and CHK1 inhibits DNA replication, stabilizes stalled and collapsed replication forks, and mediates the repair of multiple classes of DNA lesions. We and others have shown that ATR kinase inhibitors, three of which are currently undergoing clinical trials, induce excessive origin firing during unperturbed DNA replication, indicating that ATR kinase activity limits replication initiation in the absence of damage. However, the origins impacted and the underlying mechanism(s) have not been described. Here, we show that unperturbed DNA replication is associated with a low level of ATR and CHK1 kinase signaling and that inhibition of this signaling induces dormant origin firing at sites of ongoing replication throughout the S phase. We show that ATR and CHK1 kinase inhibitors induce RIF1 Ser2205 phosphorylation in a CDK1-dependent manner, which disrupts an interaction between RIF1 and PP1 phosphatase. Thus, ATR and CHK1 signaling suppresses CDK1 kinase activity throughout the S phase and stabilizes an interaction between RIF1 and PP1 in replicating cells. PP1 dephosphorylates key CDC7 and CDK2 kinase substrates to inhibit the assembly and activation of the replicative helicase. This mechanism limits origin firing during unperturbed DNA replication in human cells.
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Young LA, O'Connor LO, de Renty C, Veldman-Jones MH, Dorval T, Wilson Z, Jones DR, Lawson D, Odedra R, Maya-Mendoza A, Reimer C, Bartek J, Lau A, O'Connor MJ. Differential Activity of ATR and WEE1 Inhibitors in a Highly Sensitive Subpopulation of DLBCL Linked to Replication Stress. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3762-3775. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Iwai K, Nambu T, Dairiki R, Ohori M, Yu J, Burke K, Gotou M, Yamamoto Y, Ebara S, Shibata S, Hibino R, Nishizawa S, Miyazaki T, Homma M, Oguro Y, Imada T, Cho N, Uchiyama N, Kogame A, Takeuchi T, Kurasawa O, Yamanaka K, Niu H, Ohashi A. Molecular mechanism and potential target indication of TAK-931, a novel CDC7-selective inhibitor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav3660. [PMID: 31131319 PMCID: PMC6531005 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Replication stress (RS) is a cancer hallmark; chemotherapeutic drugs targeting RS are widely used as treatments for various cancers. To develop next-generation RS-inducing anticancer drugs, cell division cycle 7 (CDC7) has recently attracted attention as a target. We have developed an oral CDC7-selective inhibitor, TAK-931, as a candidate clinical anticancer drug. TAK-931 induced S phase delay and RS. TAK-931-induced RS caused mitotic aberrations through centrosome dysregulation and chromosome missegregation, resulting in irreversible antiproliferative effects in cancer cells. TAK-931 exhibited significant antiproliferative activity in preclinical animal models. Furthermore, in indication-seeking studies using large-scale cell panel data, TAK-931 exhibited higher antiproliferative activities in RAS-mutant versus RAS-wild-type cells; this finding was confirmed in pancreatic patient-derived xenografts. Comparison analysis of cell panel data also demonstrated a unique efficacy spectrum for TAK-931 compared with currently used chemotherapeutic drugs. Our findings help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms for TAK-931 and identify potential target indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Iwai
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Nambu
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Dairiki
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Momoko Ohori
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jie Yu
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kristine Burke
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Masamitsu Gotou
- Integrated Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yamamoto
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ebara
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sachio Shibata
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Hibino
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Nishizawa
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tohru Miyazaki
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Misaki Homma
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuya Oguro
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Imada
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuo Cho
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Uchiyama
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kogame
- DMPK Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takeuchi
- DMPK Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Kurasawa
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yamanaka
- Integrated Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Huifeng Niu
- Translational and Biomarker Research, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Akihiro Ohashi
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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Ciardo D, Goldar A, Marheineke K. On the Interplay of the DNA Replication Program and the Intra-S Phase Checkpoint Pathway. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E94. [PMID: 30700024 PMCID: PMC6410103 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication in eukaryotes is achieved by the activation of multiple replication origins which needs to be precisely coordinated in space and time. This spatio-temporal replication program is regulated by many factors to maintain genome stability, which is frequently threatened through stresses of exogenous or endogenous origin. Intra-S phase checkpoints monitor the integrity of DNA synthesis and are activated when replication forks are stalled. Their activation leads to the stabilization of forks, to the delay of the replication program by the inhibition of late firing origins, and the delay of G2/M phase entry. In some cell cycles during early development these mechanisms are less efficient in order to allow rapid cell divisions. In this article, we will review our current knowledge of how the intra-S phase checkpoint regulates the replication program in budding yeast and metazoan models, including early embryos with rapid S phases. We sum up current models on how the checkpoint can inhibit origin firing in some genomic regions, but allow dormant origin activation in other regions. Finally, we discuss how numerical and theoretical models can be used to connect the multiple different actors into a global process and to extract general rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Ciardo
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France.
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Courtot L, Hoffmann JS, Bergoglio V. The Protective Role of Dormant Origins in Response to Replicative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113569. [PMID: 30424570 PMCID: PMC6274952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome stability requires tight regulation of DNA replication to ensure that the entire genome of the cell is duplicated once and only once per cell cycle. In mammalian cells, origin activation is controlled in space and time by a cell-specific and robust program called replication timing. About 100,000 potential replication origins form on the chromatin in the gap 1 (G1) phase but only 20⁻30% of them are active during the DNA replication of a given cell in the synthesis (S) phase. When the progress of replication forks is slowed by exogenous or endogenous impediments, the cell must activate some of the inactive or "dormant" origins to complete replication on time. Thus, the many origins that may be activated are probably key to protect the genome against replication stress. This review aims to discuss the role of these dormant origins as safeguards of the human genome during replicative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilas Courtot
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, UPS; Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d'excellence Toulouse Cancer, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France.
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hoffmann
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, UPS; Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d'excellence Toulouse Cancer, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France.
| | - Valérie Bergoglio
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, UPS; Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d'excellence Toulouse Cancer, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France.
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da Silva RB, Machado CR, Rodrigues ARA, Pedrosa AL. Selective human inhibitors of ATR and ATM render Leishmania major promastigotes sensitive to oxidative damage. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205033. [PMID: 30265735 PMCID: PMC6161909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
All cellular processes, including those involved in normal cell metabolism to those responsible for cell proliferation or death, are finely controlled by cell signaling pathways, whose core proteins constitute the family of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases (PIKKs). Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) and Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) are two important PIKK proteins that act in response to DNA damage, phosphorylating a large number of proteins to exert control over genomic integrity. The genus Leishmania belongs to a group of early divergent eukaryotes in evolution and has a highly plastic genome, probably owing to the existence of signaling pathways designed to maintain genomic integrity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of specific human inhibitors of ATR and ATM in Leishmania major. Bioinformatic analyses revealed the existence of the putative PIKK genes ATR and ATM, in addition to mTOR and DNA-PKcs in Leishmania spp. Moreover, it was possible to suggest that the inhibitors VE-821 and KU-55933 have binding affinity for the catalytic sites of putative L. major ATR and ATM, respectively. Promastigotes of L. major exposed to these inhibitors show slight growth impairment and minor changes in cell cycle and morphology. It is noteworthy that treatment of promastigotes with inhibitors VE-821 and KU-55933 enhanced the oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide. These inhibitors could significantly reduce the number of surviving L. major cells following H2O2 exposure whilst also decreasing their evaluated IC50 to H2O2 to less than half of that observed for non-treated cells. These results suggest that the use of specific inhibitors of ATR and ATM in Leishmania interferes in the signaling pathways of this parasite, which can impair its tolerance to DNA damage and affect its genome integrity. ATR and ATM could constitute novel targets for drug development and/or repositioning for treatment of leishmaniases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa Bernardes da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Farmacologia e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aldo Rogelis Aquiles Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Farmacologia e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Pedrosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Farmacologia e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Moiseeva TN, Bakkenist CJ. Regulation of the initiation of DNA replication in human cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 72:99-106. [PMID: 30266203 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The origin of species would not have been possible without high fidelity DNA replication and complex genomes evolved with mechanisms that control the initiation of DNA replication at multiple origins on multiple chromosomes such that the genome is duplicated once and only once. The mechanisms that control the assembly and activation of the replicative helicase and the initiation of DNA replication in yeast and Xenopus egg extract systems have been identified and reviewed [1,2]. The goal of this review is to organize currently available data on the mechanisms that control the initiation of DNA replication in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N Moiseeva
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Christopher J Bakkenist
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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