1
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Wang G, Mu M, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Yang N, Zhong K, Li Y, Lu F, Guo G, Tong A. Systemic delivery of tannic acid-ferric-masked oncolytic adenovirus reprograms tumor microenvironment for improved therapeutic efficacy in glioblastoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00839-8. [PMID: 39385009 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive primary brain tumor, and urgently requires effective treatments. Oncolytic adenovirus (OA) shows promise as a potential candidate for clinical antitumor therapy, including in the treatment of GBM. Nevertheless, the systemic delivery of OA continues to face challenges, leading to significantly compromised antitumor efficacy. In this study, we developed an innovative approach by encapsulating CXCL11-armed OA with tannic acid and Fe3+ (TA-Fe3+) to realize the systemic delivery of OA. The nanocarrier's ability to protect the OA from elimination by host immune response was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. We evaluated the antitumor effect and safety profile of OA@TA-Fe3+ in a GBM-bearing mice model. OA@TA-Fe3+ effectively safeguarded the virus from host immune clearance and extended its circulation in vivo. After targeting tumor sites, TA-Fe3+ could dissolve and release Fe3+ and OA. Fe3+-induced O2 production from H2O2 relieved the hypoxic state, and promoted OA replication, leading to a remarkable alteration of tumor immune microenvironment and enhancement in antitumor efficacy. Moreover, the systemic delivery of OA@TA-Fe3+ was safe without inflammation or organ damage. Our findings demonstrated the promising potential of systemically delivering the engineered OA for effective oncolytic virotherapy against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Min Mu
- Laboratory of Liquid Biopsy and Single Cell Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Zongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yongdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Nian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Kunhong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yanfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Fang Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Aiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
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2
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Wu Y, Barbieri E, Kilgore RE, Moore BD, Chu W, Mollica GN, Daniele MA, Menegatti S. Peptide ligands for the affinity purification of adenovirus from HEK293 and vero cell lysates. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1736:465396. [PMID: 39342729 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Adenovirus (AdVs) is the viral vector of choice in vaccines and oncolytic applications owing to its high transduction activity and inherent immunogenicity. For decades, AdV isolation has relied on ultracentrifugation and ion-exchange chromatography, which are not suitable to large-scale production and struggle to deliver sufficient purity. Immunoaffinity chromatography resins of recent introduction feature high binding capacity and selectivity, but mandate harsh elution conditions (pH 3.0), afford low yield (< 20%), and provide limited reusability. Seeking a more efficient and affordable alternative, this study introduces the first peptide affinity ligands for AdV purification. The peptides were identified via combinatorial selection and in silico design to target hexons, the most abundant proteins in the adenoviral capsid. Selected peptide ligands AEFFIWNA and TNDGPDYSSPLTGSG were conjugated on chromatographic resins and utilized to purify AdV serotype 5 from HEK293 and Vero cell lysates. The peptide-functionalized resins feature high binding capacity (> 1010 active virions per mL at the residence time of 2 min), provide high yield (> 50%) and up to 100-fold reduction of host cell proteins and DNA. Notably, the peptide ligands enable gentle elution conditions (pH 8) that prevent the "shedding" of penton and fiber proteins, thus affording intact adenovirus particles with high cell-transduction activity. The study of the peptide ligands by surface plasmon resonance and molecular docking and dynamics simulations confirmed the selective targeting of hexon proteins and elucidated the molecular-level mechanisms underlying binding and release. Collectively, these results demonstrate the strong promise of peptide ligands presented herein for the affinity purification of AdVs from cell lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Eduardo Barbieri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; LigaTrap Technologies LLC, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Ryan E Kilgore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Brandyn D Moore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Wenning Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Gina N Mollica
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Michael A Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), 850 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; LigaTrap Technologies LLC, Raleigh, NC 27606.
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3
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Freitag PC, Kolibius J, Wieboldt R, Weber R, Hartmann KP, van Gogh M, Brücher D, Läubli H, Plückthun A. DARPin-fused T cell engager for adenovirus-mediated cancer therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200821. [PMID: 39021370 PMCID: PMC11253662 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Bispecific T cell engagers are a promising class of therapeutic proteins for cancer therapy. Their potency and small size often come with systemic toxicity and short half-life, making intravenous administration cumbersome. These limitations can be overcome by tumor-specific in situ expression, allowing high local accumulation while reducing systemic concentrations. However, encoding T cell engagers in viral or non-viral vectors and expressing them in situ ablates all forms of quality control performed during recombinant protein production. It is therefore vital to design constructs that feature minimal domain mispairing, and increased homogeneity of the therapeutic product. Here, we report a T cell engager architecture specifically designed for vector-mediated immunotherapy. It is based on a fusion of a designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) to a CD3-targeting single-chain antibody fragment, termed DATE (DARPin-fused T cell Engager). The DATE induces potent T cell-mediated killing of HER2+ cancer cells, both as recombinantly produced therapeutic protein and as in situ expressed payload from a HER2+-retargeted high-capacity adenoviral vector (HC-AdV). We report remarkable tumor remission, DATE accumulation, and T cell infiltration through in situ expression mediated by a HER2+-retargeted HC-AdV in vivo. Our results support further investigations and developments of DATEs as payloads for vector-mediated immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C. Freitag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Kolibius
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ronja Wieboldt
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Remi Weber
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K. Patricia Hartmann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Merel van Gogh
- Department of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Brücher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Wallace R, Bliss CM, Parker AL. The Immune System-A Double-Edged Sword for Adenovirus-Based Therapies. Viruses 2024; 16:973. [PMID: 38932265 PMCID: PMC11209478 DOI: 10.3390/v16060973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic adenovirus (Ad) infections are widespread but typically mild and transient, except in the immunocompromised. As vectors for gene therapy, vaccine, and oncology applications, Ad-based platforms offer advantages, including ease of genetic manipulation, scale of production, and well-established safety profiles, making them attractive tools for therapeutic development. However, the immune system often poses a significant challenge that must be overcome for adenovirus-based therapies to be truly efficacious. Both pre-existing anti-Ad immunity in the population as well as the rapid development of an immune response against engineered adenoviral vectors can have detrimental effects on the downstream impact of an adenovirus-based therapeutic. This review focuses on the different challenges posed, including pre-existing natural immunity and anti-vector immunity induced by a therapeutic, in the context of innate and adaptive immune responses. We summarise different approaches developed with the aim of tackling these problems, as well as their outcomes and potential future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wallace
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (R.W.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Carly M. Bliss
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (R.W.); (C.M.B.)
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Alan L. Parker
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (R.W.); (C.M.B.)
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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5
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Thalmann L, Martin-Gonzalez N, Brücher D, Plückthun A, de Pablo PJ, Suomalainen M, Greber UF. Gutless Helper-Dependent and First-Generation HAdV5 Vectors Have Similar Mechanical Properties and Common Transduction Mechanisms. Hum Gene Ther 2024; 35:163-176. [PMID: 38386500 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Delivering vectorized information into cells with the help of viruses has been of high interest to fundamental and applied science, and bears significant therapeutic promise. Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) have been at the forefront of gene delivery for many years, and the subject of intensive development resulting in several generations of agents, including replication-competent, -defective or retargeted vectors, and recently also helper-dependent (HD), so-called gutless vectors lacking any viral protein coding information. While it is possible to produce HD-AdVs in significant amounts, physical properties of these virus-like particles and their efficiency of transduction have not been addressed. Here, we used single-cell and single virus particle assays to probe the effect of genome length on HAdV-C5 vector transduction. Our results demonstrate that first-generation C5 vectors lacking the E1/E3 regions of the viral genome as well as HD-AdV-C5 particles with a wild type (wt) ∼36 kbp or an undersized double-strand DNA genome are similar to human adenovirus C5 (HAdV-C5) wt regarding attachment to human lung epithelial cells, endocytic uptake, endosome penetration and dependency on the E3 RING ubiquitin ligase Mind Bomb 1 for DNA uncoating at the nuclear pore complex. Atomic force microscopy measurements of single virus particles indicated that small changes in the genome length from 94% to 103% of HAdV-C5 have no major impact on physical and mechanical features of AdV vectors. In contrast, an HD-AdV-C5 with ∼30 kbp genome was slightly stiffer and less heat-resistant than the other particles, despite comparable entry and transduction efficiencies in tissue culture cell lines, including murine alveolar macrophage-like Max-Planck-Institute (MPI)-2 cells. Together, our in vitro studies reinforce the use of HD-AdV vectors for effective single round gene delivery. The results illustrate how physical properties and cell entry behavior of single virus particles can provide functional information for anticipated therapeutic vector applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Thalmann
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dominik Brücher
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and IFIMAC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and IFIMAC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro J de Pablo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maarit Suomalainen
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Urs F Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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6
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Klinnert S, Schenkel CD, Freitag PC, Günthard HF, Plückthun A, Metzner KJ. Targeted shock-and-kill HIV-1 gene therapy approach combining CRISPR activation, suicide gene tBid and retargeted adenovirus delivery. Gene Ther 2024; 31:74-84. [PMID: 37558852 PMCID: PMC10940146 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-023-00413-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Infections with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are incurable due the long-lasting, latent viral reservoir. The shock-and-kill cure approach aims to activate latent proviruses in HIV-1 infected cells and subsequently kill these cells with strategies such as therapeutic vaccines or immune enhancement. Here, we combined the dCas9-VPR CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) system with gRNA-V, the truncated Bid (tBid)-based suicide gene strategy and CD3-retargeted adenovirus (Ad) delivery vectors, in an all-in-one targeted shock-and-kill gene therapy approach to achieve specific elimination of latently HIV-1 infected cells. Simultaneous transduction of latently HIV-1 infected J-Lat 10.6 cells with a CD3-retargeted Ad-CRISPRa-V and Ad-tBid led to a 57.7 ± 17.0% reduction of productively HIV-1 infected cells and 2.4-fold ± 0.25 increase in cell death. The effective activation of latent HIV-1 provirus by Ad-CRISPRa-V was similar to the activation control TNF-α. The strictly HIV-1 dependent and non-leaky killing by tBid could be demonstrated. Furthermore, the high transduction efficiencies of up to 70.8 ± 0.4% by the CD3-retargeting technology in HIV-1 latently infected cell lines was the basis of successful shock-and-kill. This novel targeted shock-and-kill all-in-one gene therapy approach has the potential to safely and effectively eliminate HIV-1 infected cells in a highly HIV-1 and T cell specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Klinnert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corinne D Schenkel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick C Freitag
- Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Huldrych F Günthard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin J Metzner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Volovat SR, Scripcariu DV, Vasilache IA, Stolniceanu CR, Volovat C, Augustin IG, Volovat CC, Ostafe MR, Andreea-Voichița SG, Bejusca-Vieriu T, Lungulescu CV, Sur D, Boboc D. Oncolytic Virotherapy: A New Paradigm in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1180. [PMID: 38256250 PMCID: PMC10816814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as potential treatment options for cancer. Natural and genetically engineered viruses exhibit various antitumor mechanisms. OVs act by direct cytolysis, the potentiation of the immune system through antigen release, and the activation of inflammatory responses or indirectly by interference with different types of elements in the tumor microenvironment, modification of energy metabolism in tumor cells, and antiangiogenic action. The action of OVs is pleiotropic, and they show varied interactions with the host and tumor cells. An important impediment in oncolytic virotherapy is the journey of the virus into the tumor cells and the possibility of its binding to different biological and nonbiological vectors. OVs have been demonstrated to eliminate cancer cells that are resistant to standard treatments in many clinical trials for various cancers (melanoma, lung, and hepatic); however, there are several elements of resistance to the action of viruses per se. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the combination of OVs with other standard treatment modalities, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapies, and cellular therapies, to increase the response rate. This review provides a comprehensive update on OVs, their use in oncolytic virotherapy, and the future prospects of this therapy alongside the standard therapies currently used in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ruxandra Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.V.); (M.-R.O.); (S.-G.A.-V.); (T.B.-V.)
| | - Dragos Viorel Scripcariu
- Department of Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ingrid Andrada Vasilache
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cati Raluca Stolniceanu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics—Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Constantin Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.V.); (M.-R.O.); (S.-G.A.-V.); (T.B.-V.)
| | | | | | - Madalina-Raluca Ostafe
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.V.); (M.-R.O.); (S.-G.A.-V.); (T.B.-V.)
| | - Slevoacă-Grigore Andreea-Voichița
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.V.); (M.-R.O.); (S.-G.A.-V.); (T.B.-V.)
| | - Toni Bejusca-Vieriu
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.V.); (M.-R.O.); (S.-G.A.-V.); (T.B.-V.)
| | | | - Daniel Sur
- 11th Department of Medical Oncology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Diana Boboc
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.V.); (M.-R.O.); (S.-G.A.-V.); (T.B.-V.)
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8
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Hartmann KP, van Gogh M, Freitag PC, Kast F, Nagy-Davidescu G, Borsig L, Plückthun A. FAP-retargeted Ad5 enables in vivo gene delivery to stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2914-2928. [PMID: 37641405 PMCID: PMC10556229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a cell surface serine protease that is highly expressed on reactive stromal fibroblasts, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and generally absent in healthy adult tissues. FAP expression in the tumor stroma has been detected in more than 90% of all carcinomas, rendering CAFs excellent target cells for a tumor site-specific adenoviral delivery of cancer therapeutics. Here, we present a tropism-modified human adenovirus 5 (Ad5) vector that targets FAP through trivalent, designed ankyrin repeat protein-based retargeting adapters. We describe the development and validation of these adapters via cell-based screening assays and demonstrate adapter-mediated Ad5 retargeting to FAP+ fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo. We further show efficient in vivo delivery and in situ production of a therapeutic payload by CAFs in the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in attenuated tumor growth. We thus propose using our FAP-Ad5 vector to convert CAFs into a "biofactory," secreting encoded cancer therapeutics into the TME to enable a safe and effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Patricia Hartmann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Merel van Gogh
- Department of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick C Freitag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Kast
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Nagy-Davidescu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Department of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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9
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Wienen F, Nilson R, Allmendinger E, Graumann D, Fiedler E, Bosse-Doenecke E, Kochanek S, Krutzke L. Affilin-based retargeting of adenoviral vectors to the epidermal growth factor receptor. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 144:213208. [PMID: 36442453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) by oncolytic adenoviral vectors holds promise as an efficient anti-cancer therapy. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) represents an attractive target receptor since it is frequently overexpressed in many types of HNSCC. METHODS To achieve EGFR-specific targeting by human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5) based vectors, the EGFR affinity ligand Affilin was covalently attached in a position specific manner either to the fiber or the hexon protein of the vector capsid. In vitro and in vivo studies investigated EGFR-specific cancer cell transduction, susceptibility to natural sequestration mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution profiles of Affilin-decorated vectors. RESULTS Affilin-decorated vectors showed strongly enhanced and EGFR-specific cancer cell transduction in vitro and less susceptibility to known sequestration mechanisms of HAdV-5 particles. However, in vivo neither systemic nor intratumoral vector administration resulted in an improved transduction of EGFR-positive tumors. Comprehensive analyses indicated hampered EGFR-targeting by Affilin-decorated vectors was caused by rapid vector particle consumption due to binding to the murine EGFR, insufficient tumor vascularization and poor target accessibility for Affilin in the solid tumor caused by a pronounced tumor stroma. CONCLUSION In vitro studies yielded proof-of-concept results demonstrating that covalent attachment of a receptor-specific Affilin to the adenoviral capsid provides an effective and versatile tool to address cancer-specific target receptors by adenoviral vectors. Regarding EGFR as the vector target, off-target tissue transduction and low receptor accessibility within the tumor tissue prevented efficient tumor transduction by Affilin-decorated vectors, rendering EGFR a difficult-to-target receptor for adenoviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Wienen
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Robin Nilson
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ellen Allmendinger
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - David Graumann
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Erik Fiedler
- Navigo Proteins GmbH, Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 1, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Kochanek
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lea Krutzke
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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10
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Ma Y, Kang B, Li S, Xie G, Bi J, Li F, An G, Liu B, Li J, Shen Y, Xu X, Yang H, Yang Y, Gu Y, Wu N. CRISPR-mediated MECOM depletion retards tumor growth by reducing cancer stem cell properties in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3341-3357. [PMID: 35733338 PMCID: PMC9637721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy for lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains a challenge due to the lack of robust targets. Here, we identified MECOM as a candidate of therapeutic target for LUSC by screening 38 genes that were commonly amplified in three pairs of primary tumors and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) using a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-mediated approach. High MECOM expression levels were associated with poor prognosis. Forced expression of MECOM in LUSC cell lines promoted cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, and its knockout inhibited CSC phenotypes. Furthermore, systemic delivery of CRISPR-mediated MECOM depletion cassette using adenovirus with an adaptor, which is composed of a single-chain fragment variable (scFv) against epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAM) fused to the ectodomain of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor, and a protector, which consists of the scFv connected to the hexon symmetry of the adenovirus, could specifically target subcutaneous and orthotopic LUSC and retard tumor growth. This study could provide a novel therapeutic strategy for LUSC with high efficacy and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Bin Kang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shaolei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Guoyun Xie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jiwang Bi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Fuqiang Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Guo An
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jing Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yue Shen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China.
| | - Ying Gu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China.
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China.
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11
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Lu SC, Barry MA. Locked and loaded: engineering and arming oncolytic adenoviruses to enhance anti-tumor immune responses. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:1359-1378. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2139601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A Barry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
- Department of Immunology
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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12
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Greber UF, Suomalainen M. Adenovirus entry: Stability, uncoating, and nuclear import. Mol Microbiol 2022; 118:309-320. [PMID: 35434852 PMCID: PMC9790413 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdVs) are widespread in vertebrates. They infect the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, the eyes, heart, liver, and kidney, and are lethal to immunosuppressed people. Mastadenoviruses infecting mammals comprise several hundred different types, and many specifically infect humans. Human adenoviruses are the most widely used vectors in clinical applications, including cancer treatment and COVID-19 vaccination. AdV vectors are physically and genetically stable and generally safe in humans. The particles have an icosahedral coat and a nucleoprotein core with a DNA genome. We describe the concept of AdV cell entry and highlight recent advances in cytoplasmic transport, uncoating, and nuclear import of the viral DNA. We highlight a recently discovered "linchpin" function of the virion protein V ensuring cytoplasmic particle stability, which is relaxed at the nuclear pore complex by cues from the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mind bomb 1 (MIB1) and the proteasome triggering disruption. Capsid disruption by kinesin motor proteins and microtubules exposes the linchpin and renders protein V a target for MIB1 ubiquitination, which dissociates V from viral DNA and enhances DNA nuclear import. These advances uncover mechanisms controlling capsid stability and premature uncoating and provide insight into nuclear transport of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs F. Greber
- Department of Molecular Life SciencesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Maarit Suomalainen
- Department of Molecular Life SciencesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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13
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Industry update: the latest developments in the field of therapeutic delivery, August 2022. Ther Deliv 2022; 13:429-444. [PMID: 36651216 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2022-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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14
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Freitag PC, Brandl F, Brücher D, Weiss F, Dreier B, Plückthun A. Modular Adapters Utilizing Binders of Different Molecular Types Expand Cell-Targeting Options for Adenovirus Gene Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1595-1601. [PMID: 35944553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and cell-specific delivery of DNA is essential for the effective and safe use of gene delivery technologies. Consequently, a large variety of technologies have been developed and applied in a wide range of ex vivo and in vivo applications, including multiple approaches based on viral vectors. However, widespread success of a technology is largely determined by the versatility of the method and the ease of use. The rationally designed adapter technology previously developed redirects widely used human adenovirus serotype 5 (HAdV-C5) to a defined cell population, by binding and blocking the adenoviral knob tropism while simultaneously allowing fusions of an N-terminal retargeting module. Here we expand modularity, and thus applicability of this adapter technology, by extending the nature of the cell-binding portion. We report successful receptor-specific transduction mediated by a retargeting module consisting of either a DARPin, a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) of an antibody, a peptide, or a small molecule ligand. Furthermore, we show that an adapter can be engineered to carry more than one specificity, allowing dual targeting. Specific HAdV-C5 retargeting was thus demonstrated to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), human folate receptor α, and neurotensin receptor 1, effective at vector concentrations as low as a multiplicity of infection of 2.5. Therefore, we report a modular design which allows plug-and-play combinations of different binding modules, leading to efficient and specific mono- or dual-targeting while circumventing tedious optimization procedures. This extends the technology to combinational applications of cell-specific binding, supporting research in gene therapy, synthetic biology, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Freitag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Brandl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Brücher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Weiss
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Dreier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Kirchhammer N, Trefny MP, Natoli M, Brücher D, Smith SN, Werner F, Koch V, Schreiner D, Bartoszek E, Buchi M, Schmid M, Breu D, Hartmann KP, Zaytseva P, Thommen DS, Läubli H, Böttcher JP, Stanczak MA, Kashyap AS, Plückthun A, Zippelius A. NK cells with tissue-resident traits shape response to immunotherapy by inducing adaptive antitumor immunity. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm9043. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm9043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
T cell–directed cancer immunotherapy often fails to generate lasting tumor control. Harnessing additional effectors of the immune response against tumors may strengthen the clinical benefit of immunotherapies. Here, we demonstrate that therapeutic targeting of the interferon-γ (IFN-γ)–interleukin-12 (IL-12) pathway relies on the ability of a population of natural killer (NK) cells with tissue-resident traits to orchestrate an antitumor microenvironment. In particular, we used an engineered adenoviral platform as a tool for intratumoral IL-12 immunotherapy (AdV5–IL-12) to generate adaptive antitumor immunity. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that AdV5–IL-12 is capable of inducing the expression of CC-chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) in CD49a
+
NK cells both in tumor mouse models and tumor specimens from patients with cancer. AdV5–IL-12 imposed CCL5-induced type I conventional dendritic cell (cDC1) infiltration and thus increased DC-CD8 T cell interactions. A similar observation was made for other IFN-γ–inducing therapies such as Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade. Conversely, failure to respond to IL-12 and PD-1 blockade in tumor models with low CD49a
+
CXCR6
+
NK cell infiltration could be overcome by intratumoral delivery of CCL5. Thus, therapeutic efficacy depends on the abundance of NK cells with tissue-resident traits and, specifically, their capacity to produce the DC chemoattractant CCL5. Our findings reveal a barrier for T cell–focused therapies and offer mechanistic insights into how T cell–NK cell–DC cross-talk can be enhanced to promote antitumor immunity and overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kirchhammer
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel P. Trefny
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marina Natoli
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Brücher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sheena N. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Werner
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Koch
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Schreiner
- Immune Cell Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ewelina Bartoszek
- Microscopy Core Facility, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Buchi
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Schmid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Breu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Polina Zaytseva
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela S. Thommen
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan P. Böttcher
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Michal A. Stanczak
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Abhishek S. Kashyap
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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16
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Thambi T, Lee J, Yoon AR, Kasala D, Yun CO. A pH- and Bioreducible Cationic Copolymer with Amino Acids and Piperazines for Adenovirus Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030597. [PMID: 35335972 PMCID: PMC8950541 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ads) are attractive nonviral vectors and show great potential in cancer gene therapy. However, inherent properties of Ads, including immunogenicity, nonspecific toxicity, and coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR)-dependent cell uptake, limit their clinical use. To surmount these issues, we developed a pH- and glutathione-responsive poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ꞵ-aminoester)-polyethyleneimine (PPA) for conjugation with Ad. The pH sensitivity of the PPA copolymer was elegantly tuned by substitution with different amino acids (arginine, histidine, and tryptophan), piperazines (Pip1, Pip2, and Pip3), and guanidine residues in the backbone of the PPA conjugate. PPA copolymer was further functionalized with short-chain cross-linker succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate) (SPDP) to obtain PPA-SPDP for facile conjugation with Ad. The PPA-conjugated Ad (PPA-Ad) conjugate was obtained by reacting PPA-SPDP conjugate with thiolated Ad (Ad-SH). Ad-SH was prepared by reacting Ad with 2-iminothiolane. The size distribution and zeta potential results of PPA-Ad conjugate showed an increasing trend with an increase in copolymer dose. From in vitro test, it was found that the transduction efficiency of PPA-Ad conjugate in CAR-positive cells (A549 and H460 cells) was remarkably increased at the acidic pH condition (pH 6.2) when compared with PPA-Ad conjugate incubated under the physiological condition (pH 7.4). Interestingly, the increase in transduction efficiency was evidenced in CAR-negative cells (MDA-MB-231 and T24 cells). These results demonstrated that biocompatible and biodegradable PPA copolymers can efficiently cover the surface of Ad and can increase the transduction efficiency, and hence PPA copolymers can be a useful nanomaterial for viral vector delivery in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thavasyappan Thambi
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea; (T.T.); (J.L.); (A.-R.Y.); (D.K.)
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea; (T.T.); (J.L.); (A.-R.Y.); (D.K.)
- GeneMedicine Co., Ltd., 222 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - A-Rum Yoon
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea; (T.T.); (J.L.); (A.-R.Y.); (D.K.)
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (HY-IBB), Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Dayananda Kasala
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea; (T.T.); (J.L.); (A.-R.Y.); (D.K.)
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea; (T.T.); (J.L.); (A.-R.Y.); (D.K.)
- GeneMedicine Co., Ltd., 222 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (HY-IBB), Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2220-0491; Fax: +82-2-2220-4850
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17
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Ban W, Guan J, Huang H, He Z, Sun M, Liu F, Sun J. Emerging systemic delivery strategies of oncolytic viruses: A key step toward cancer immunotherapy. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 15:4137-4153. [PMID: 35194488 PMCID: PMC8852960 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-021-4031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a novel type of immunotherapy that induces anti-tumor responses through selective self-replication within cancer cells and oncolytic virus (OV)-mediated immunostimulation. Notably, talimogene laherparepvec (T-Vec) developed by the Amgen company in 2015, is the first FDA-approved OV product to be administered via intratumoral injection and has been the most successful OVT treatment. However, the systemic administration of OVs still faces huge challenges, including in vivo pre-existing neutralizing antibodies and poor targeting delivery efficacy. Recently, state-of-the-art progress has been made in the development of systemic delivery of OVs, which demonstrates a promising step toward broadening the scope of cancer immunotherapy and improving the clinical efficacy of OV delivery. Herein, this review describes the general characteristics of OVs, focusing on the action mechanisms of OVs as well as the advantages and disadvantages of OVT. The emerging multiple systemic administration approaches of OVs are summarized in the past five years. In addition, the combination treatments between OVT and traditional therapies (chemotherapy, thermotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy, etc.) are highlighted. Last but not least, the future prospects and challenges of OVT are also discussed, with the aim of facilitating medical researchers to extensively apply the OVT in the cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyue Ban
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Jianhuan Guan
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Hanwei Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Mengchi Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Funan Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Jin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016 China
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18
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Watanabe M, Nishikawaji Y, Kawakami H, Kosai KI. Adenovirus Biology, Recombinant Adenovirus, and Adenovirus Usage in Gene Therapy. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122502. [PMID: 34960772 PMCID: PMC8706629 DOI: 10.3390/v13122502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is currently in the public spotlight. Several gene therapy products, including oncolytic virus (OV), which predominantly replicates in and kills cancer cells, and COVID-19 vaccines have recently been commercialized. Recombinant adenoviruses, including replication-defective adenoviral vector and conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRA; oncolytic adenovirus), have been extensively studied and used in clinical trials for cancer and vaccines. Here, we review the biology of wild-type adenoviruses, the methodological principle for constructing recombinant adenoviruses, therapeutic applications of recombinant adenoviruses, and new technologies in pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based regenerative medicine. Moreover, this article describes the technology platform for efficient construction of diverse "CRAs that can specifically target tumors with multiple factors" (m-CRAs). This technology allows for modification of four parts in the adenoviral E1 region and the subsequent insertion of a therapeutic gene and promoter to enhance cancer-specific viral replication (i.e., safety) as well as therapeutic effects. The screening study using the m-CRA technology successfully identified survivin-responsive m-CRA (Surv.m-CRA) as among the best m-CRAs, and clinical trials of Surv.m-CRA are underway for patients with cancer. This article also describes new recombinant adenovirus-based technologies for solving issues in PSC-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Watanabe
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishikawaji
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kawakami
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kosai
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- South Kyushu Center for Innovative Medical Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Center for Innovative Therapy Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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19
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Bieri M, Hendrickx R, Bauer M, Yu B, Jetzer T, Dreier B, Mittl PRE, Sobek J, Plückthun A, Greber UF, Hemmi S. The RGD-binding integrins αvβ6 and αvβ8 are receptors for mouse adenovirus-1 and -3 infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010083. [PMID: 34910784 PMCID: PMC8673666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian adenoviruses (AdVs) comprise more than ~350 types including over 100 human (HAdVs) and just three mouse AdVs (MAdVs). While most HAdVs initiate infection by high affinity/avidity binding of their fiber knob (FK) protein to either coxsackievirus AdV receptor (CAR), CD46 or desmoglein (DSG)-2, MAdV-1 (M1) infection requires arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) binding integrins. To identify the receptors mediating MAdV infection we generated five novel reporter viruses for MAdV-1/-2/-3 (M1, M2, M3) transducing permissive murine (m) CMT-93 cells, but not B16 mouse melanoma cells expressing mCAR, human (h) CD46 or hDSG-2. Recombinant M1 or M3 FKs cross-blocked M1 and M3 but not M2 infections. Profiling of murine and human cells expressing RGD-binding integrins suggested that αvβ6 and αvβ8 heterodimers are associated with M1 and M3 infections. Ectopic expression of mβ6 in B16 cells strongly enhanced M1 and M3 binding, infection, and progeny production comparable with mαvβ6-positive CMT-93 cells, whereas mβ8 expressing cells were more permissive to M1 than M3. Anti-integrin antibodies potently blocked M1 and M3 binding and infection of CMT-93 cells and hαvβ8-positive M000216 cells. Soluble integrin αvβ6, and synthetic peptides containing the RGDLXXL sequence derived from FK-M1, FK-M3 and foot and mouth disease virus coat protein strongly interfered with M1/M3 infections, in agreement with high affinity interactions of FK-M1/FK-M3 with αvβ6/αvβ8, determined by surface plasmon resonance measurements. Molecular docking simulations of ternary complexes revealed a bent conformation of RGDLXXL-containing FK-M3 peptides on the subunit interface of αvβ6/β8, where the distal leucine residue dips into a hydrophobic pocket of β6/8, the arginine residue ionically engages αv aspartate215, and the aspartate residue coordinates a divalent cation in αvβ6/β8. Together, the RGDLXXL-bearing FKs are part of an essential mechanism for M1/M3 infection engaging murine and human αvβ6/8 integrins. These integrins are highly conserved in other mammals, and may favour cross-species virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Bieri
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Sciences Graduate School, ETH and University Of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rodinde Hendrickx
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Sciences Graduate School, ETH and University Of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tania Jetzer
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Dreier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peer R. E. Mittl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jens Sobek
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs F. Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Hemmi
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Wang Z, Kang B, Gao Q, Huang L, Di J, Fan Y, Yu J, Jiang B, Gao F, Wang D, Sun H, Gu Y, Li J, Su X. Quadruple-editing of the MAPK and PI3K pathways effectively blocks the progression of KRAS-mutated colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3895-3910. [PMID: 34185934 PMCID: PMC8409416 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutated KRAS promotes the activation of the MAPK pathway and the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Aberrant activation of the PI3K pathway strongly attenuates the efficacy of MAPK suppression in KRAS‐mutated CRC. The development of a novel strategy targeting a dual pathway is therefore highly essential for the therapy of KRAS‐mutated CRC. In this study, a quadruple‐depleting system for the KRAS, MEK1, PIK3CA, and MTOR genes based on CRISPR/SaCas9 was developed. Adenovirus serotype 5 (ADV5) was integrated with two engineered proteins, an adaptor and a protector, to form ADV‐protein complex (APC) for systemic delivery of the CRISPR system. Quadruple‐editing could significantly inhibit the MAPK and PI3K pathways in CRC cells with oncogenic mutations of KRAS and PIK3CA or with KRAS mutation and compensated PI3K activation. Compared with MEK and PI3K/MTOR inhibitors, quadruple‐editing induced more significant survival inhibition on primary CRC cells with oncogenic mutations of KRAS and PIK3CA. The adaptor specifically targeting EpCAM and the hexon‐shielding protector could dramatically enhance ADV5 infection efficiency to CRC cells and significantly reduce off‐targeting tropisms to many organs except the colon. Moreover, quadruple‐editing intravenously delivered by APC significantly blocked the dual pathway and tumor growth of KRAS‐mutated CRC cells, without influencing normal tissues in cell‐ and patient‐derived xenograft models. Therefore, APC‐delivered quadruple‐editing of the MAPK and PI3K pathways shows a promising therapeutic potential for KRAS‐mutated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaozao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Jiabo Di
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yingcong Fan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhong Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Beihai Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Ying Gu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangqian Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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21
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Brücher D, Franc V, Smith SN, Heck AJR, Plückthun A. Malignant tissues produce divergent antibody glycosylation of relevance for cancer gene therapy effectiveness. MAbs 2021; 12:1792084. [PMID: 32643525 PMCID: PMC7531505 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1792084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy approaches now allow for the production of therapeutic antibodies by healthy or cancerous human tissues directly in vivo, and, with an increasing number of gene delivery methods available, the cell type for expression can be chosen. Yet, little is known about the biophysical changes introduced by expressing antibodies from producer cells or tissues targeted by gene therapy approaches, nor about the consequences for the type of glycosylation. The effects of different glycosylation on therapeutic antibodies have been well studied by controlling their glycan compositions in non-human mammalian production cells, i.e., Chinese hamster ovary cells. Therefore, we investigated the glycosylation state of clinically approved antibodies secreted from cancer tissues frequently targeted by in vivo gene therapy, using native mass spectrometry and glycoproteomics. We found that antibody sialylation and fucosylation depended on the producer tissue and the antibody isotype, allowing us to identify optimal producer cell types according to the desired mode of action of the antibody. Furthermore, we discovered that high amounts (>20%) of non-glycosylated antibodies were produced in cells sensitive to the action of the produced antibodies. Different glycosylation in different producer cells can translate into an altered potency of in-vivo produced antibodies, depending on the desired mode of action, and can affect their serum half-lives. These results increase our knowledge about antibodies produced from cells targeted by gene therapy, enabling development of improved cancer gene therapy vectors that can include in vivo glycoengineering of expressed antibodies to optimize their efficacies, depending on the desired mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Brücher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vojtech Franc
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sheena N Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Davies JA, Marlow G, Uusi-Kerttula HK, Seaton G, Piggott L, Badder LM, Clarkson RWE, Chester JD, Parker AL. Efficient Intravenous Tumor Targeting Using the αvβ6 Integrin-Selective Precision Virotherapy Ad5 NULL-A20. Viruses 2021; 13:864. [PMID: 34066836 PMCID: PMC8151668 DOI: 10.3390/v13050864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously developed a refined, tumor-selective adenovirus, Ad5NULL-A20, harboring tropism ablating mutations in each major capsid protein, to ablate all native means of infection. We incorporated a 20-mer peptide (A20) in the fiber knob for selective infection via αvβ6 integrin, a marker of aggressive epithelial cancers. Methods: To ascertain the selectivity of Ad5NULL-A20 for αvβ6-positive tumor cell lines of pancreatic and breast cancer origin, we performed reporter gene and cell viability assays. Biodistribution of viral vectors in mice harboring xenografts with low, medium, and high αvβ6 levels was quantified by qPCR for viral genomes 48 h post intravenous administration. Results: Ad5NULL-A20 vector transduced cells in an αvβ6-selective manner, whilst cell killing mediated by oncolytic Ad5NULL-A20 was αvβ6-selective. Biodistribution analysis following intravenous administration into mice bearing breast cancer xenografts demonstrated that Ad5NULL-A20 resulted in significantly reduced liver accumulation coupled with increased tumor accumulation compared to Ad5 in all three models, with tumor-to-liver ratios improved as a function of αvβ6 expression. Conclusions: Ad5NULL-A20-based virotherapies efficiently target αvβ6-integrin-positive tumors following intravenous administration, validating the potential of Ad5NULL-A20 for systemic applications, enabling tumor-selective overexpression of virally encoded therapeutic transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Davies
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (J.A.D.); (G.M.); (H.K.U.-K.); (L.M.B.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Gareth Marlow
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (J.A.D.); (G.M.); (H.K.U.-K.); (L.M.B.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Hanni K. Uusi-Kerttula
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (J.A.D.); (G.M.); (H.K.U.-K.); (L.M.B.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Gillian Seaton
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (G.S.); (L.P.); (R.W.E.C.)
| | - Luke Piggott
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (G.S.); (L.P.); (R.W.E.C.)
| | - Luned M. Badder
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (J.A.D.); (G.M.); (H.K.U.-K.); (L.M.B.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Richard W. E. Clarkson
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (G.S.); (L.P.); (R.W.E.C.)
| | - John D. Chester
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (J.A.D.); (G.M.); (H.K.U.-K.); (L.M.B.); (J.D.C.)
- Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff CF14 2TL, UK
| | - Alan L. Parker
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (J.A.D.); (G.M.); (H.K.U.-K.); (L.M.B.); (J.D.C.)
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23
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Tessarollo NG, Domingues ACM, Antunes F, da Luz JCDS, Rodrigues OA, Cerqueira OLD, Strauss BE. Nonreplicating Adenoviral Vectors: Improving Tropism and Delivery of Cancer Gene Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1863. [PMID: 33919679 PMCID: PMC8069790 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent preclinical and clinical studies have used viral vectors in gene therapy research, especially nonreplicating adenovirus encoding strategic therapeutic genes for cancer treatment. Adenoviruses were the first DNA viruses to go into therapeutic development, mainly due to well-known biological features: stability in vivo, ease of manufacture, and efficient gene delivery to dividing and nondividing cells. However, there are some limitations for gene therapy using adenoviral vectors, such as nonspecific transduction of normal cells and liver sequestration and neutralization by antibodies, especially when administered systemically. On the other hand, adenoviral vectors are amenable to strategies for the modification of their biological structures, including genetic manipulation of viral proteins, pseudotyping, and conjugation with polymers or biological membranes. Such modifications provide greater specificity to the target cell and better safety in systemic administration; thus, a reduction of antiviral host responses would favor the use of adenoviral vectors in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we describe the structural and molecular features of nonreplicating adenoviral vectors, the current limitations to their use, and strategies to modify adenoviral tropism, highlighting the approaches that may allow for the systemic administration of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bryan E. Strauss
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo/LIM24, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (N.G.T.); (A.C.M.D.); (F.A.); (J.C.d.S.d.L.); (O.A.R.); (O.L.D.C.)
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24
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Mato-Berciano A, Morgado S, Maliandi MV, Farrera-Sal M, Gimenez-Alejandre M, Ginestà MM, Moreno R, Torres-Manjon S, Moreno P, Arias-Badia M, Rojas LA, Capellà G, Alemany R, Cascallo M, Bazan-Peregrino M. Oncolytic adenovirus with hyaluronidase activity that evades neutralizing antibodies: VCN-11. J Control Release 2021; 332:517-528. [PMID: 33675877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor targeting and intratumoral virus spreading are key features for successful oncolytic virotherapy. VCN-11 is a novel oncolytic adenovirus, genetically modified to express hyaluronidase (PH20) and display an albumin-binding domain (ABD) on the hexon. ABD allows the virus to self-coat with albumin when entering the bloodstream and evade neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). Here, we validate VCN-11 mechanism of action and characterize its toxicity. VCN-11 replication, hyaluronidase activity and binding to human albumin to evade NAbs was evaluated. Toxicity and efficacy of VCN-11 were assessed in mice and hamsters. Tumor targeting, and antitumor activity was analyzed in the presence of NAbs in several tumor models. VCN-11 induced 450 times more cytotoxicity in tumor cells than in normal cells. VCN-11 hyaluronidase production was confirmed by measuring PH20 activity in vitro and in virus-infected tumor areas in vivo. VCN-11 evaded NAbs from different sources and tumor targeting was demonstrated in the presence of high levels of NAbs in vivo, whereas the control virus without ABD was neutralized. VCN-11 showed a low toxicity profile in athymic nude mice and Syrian hamsters, allowing treatments with high doses and fractionated administrations without major toxicities (up to 1.2x1011vp/mouse and 7.5x1011vp/hamster). Fractionated intravenous administrations improved circulation kinetics and tumor targeting. VCN-11 antitumor efficacy was demonstrated in the presence of NAbs against Ad5 and itself. Oncolytic adenovirus VCN-11 disrupts tumor matrix and displays antitumor effects even in the presence of NAbs. These features make VCN-11 a safe promising candidate to test re-administration in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Morgado
- VCN Biosciences, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Martí Farrera-Sal
- VCN Biosciences, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Virotherapy Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Virotherapy and Immunotherapy Group, ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Mireia M Ginestà
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology- ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moreno
- Cancer Virotherapy Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Virotherapy and Immunotherapy Group, ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Silvia Torres-Manjon
- Cancer Virotherapy Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Virotherapy and Immunotherapy Group, ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Paz Moreno
- Cancer Virotherapy Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Luis A Rojas
- Cancer Virotherapy Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Virotherapy and Immunotherapy Group, ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Gabriel Capellà
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology- ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- VCN Biosciences, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Virotherapy Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Virotherapy and Immunotherapy Group, ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Manel Cascallo
- VCN Biosciences, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Capsid and Genome Modification Strategies to Reduce the Immunogenicity of Adenoviral Vectors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052417. [PMID: 33670859 PMCID: PMC7957472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus-based gene transfer vectors are the most frequently used vector type in gene therapy clinical trials to date, and they play an important role as genetic vaccine candidates during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Immediately upon delivery, adenovirus-based vectors exhibit multiple complex vector-host interactions and induce innate and adaptive immune responses. This can severely limit their safety and efficacy, particularly after delivery through the blood stream. In this review article we summarize two strategies to modulate Ad vector-induced immune responses: extensive genomic and chemical capsid modifications. Both strategies have shown beneficial effects in a number of preclinical studies while potential synergistic effects warrant further investigations.
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26
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Wu Y, Li J, Shin HJ. Self-assembled Viral Nanoparticles as Targeted Anticancer Vehicles. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021; 26:25-38. [PMID: 33584104 PMCID: PMC7872722 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) comprise a variety of mammalian viruses, plant viruses, and bacteriophages, that have been adopted as building blocks and supra-molecular templates in nanotechnology. VNPs demonstrate the dynamic, monodisperse, polyvalent, and symmetrical architectures which represent examples of such biological templates. These programmable scaffolds have been exploited for genetic and chemical manipulation for displaying of targeted moieties together with encapsulation of various payloads for diagnosis or therapeutic intervention. The drug delivery system based on VNPs offer diverse advantages over synthetic nanoparticles, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, water solubility, and high uptake capability. Here we summarize the recent progress of VNPs especially as targeted anticancer vehicles from the encapsulation and surface modification mechanisms, involved viruses and VNPs, to their application potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Wu
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Jinan, 250103 China
| | - Jishun Li
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Jinan, 250103 China
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Korea
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27
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Cui Y, Li B, Wang X, Tang R. Organism–Materials Integration: A Promising Strategy for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Cui
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University No. 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Benke Li
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University No. 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies Zhejiang University No. 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University No. 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies Zhejiang University No. 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
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28
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Brücher D, Kirchhammer N, Smith SN, Schumacher J, Schumacher N, Kolibius J, Freitag PC, Schmid M, Weiss F, Keller C, Grove M, Greber UF, Zippelius A, Plückthun A. iMATCH: an integrated modular assembly system for therapeutic combination high-capacity adenovirus gene therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 20:572-586. [PMID: 33665227 PMCID: PMC7890373 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus-mediated combination gene therapies have shown promising results in vaccination or treating malignant and genetic diseases. Nevertheless, an efficient system for the rapid assembly and incorporation of therapeutic genes into high-capacity adenoviral vectors (HCAdVs) is still missing. In this study, we developed the iMATCH (integrated modular assembly for therapeutic combination HCAdVs) platform, which enables the generation and production of HCAdVs encoding therapeutic combinations in high quantity and purity within 3 weeks. Our modular cloning system facilitates the efficient combination of up to four expression cassettes and the rapid integration into HCAdV genomes with defined sizes. Helper viruses (HVs) and purification protocols were optimized to produce HCAdVs with distinct capsid modifications and unprecedented purity (0.1 ppm HVs). The constitution of HCAdVs, with adapters for targeting and a shield of trimerized single-chain variable fragment (scFv) for reduced liver clearance, mediated cell- and organ-specific targeting of HCAdVs. As proof of concept, we show that a single HCAdV encoding an anti PD-1 antibody, interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-2 produced all proteins, and it led to tumor regression and prolonged survival in tumor models, comparable to a mixture of single payload HCAdVs in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the iMATCH system provides a versatile platform for the generation of high-capacity gene therapy vectors with a high potential for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Brücher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Kirchhammer
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sheena N. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jatina Schumacher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Schumacher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Kolibius
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick C. Freitag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Schmid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Weiss
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Corina Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Grove
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs F. Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author: Andreas Plückthun, Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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29
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Zhao Y, Tang R. Improvement of organisms by biomimetic mineralization: A material incorporation strategy for biological modification. Acta Biomater 2021; 120:57-80. [PMID: 32629191 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biomineralization, a bio-organism controlled mineral formation process, plays an important role in linking biological organisms and mineral materials in nature. Inspired by biomineralization, biomimetic mineralization is used as a bridge tool to integrate biological organisms and functional materials together, which can be beneficial for the development of diversified functional organism-material hybrids. In this review, recent progresses on the techniques of biomimetic mineralization for organism-material combinations are summarized and discussed. Based upon these techniques, the preparations and applications of virus-, prokaryotes-, and eukaryotes-material hybrids have been presented and they demonstrate the great potentials in the fields of vaccine improvement, cell protection, energy production, environmental and biomedical treatments, etc. We suggest that more researches about functional organism and material combination with more biocompatible techniques should be developed to improve the design and applications of specific organism-material hybrids. These rationally designed organism-material hybrids will shed light on the production of "live materials" with more advanced functions in future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review summaries the recent attempts on improving biological organisms by their integrations with functional materials, which can be achieved by biomimetic mineralization as the combination tool. The integrated materials, as the artificial shells or organelles, confer diversified functions on the enclosed organisms. The successful constructions of various virus-, prokaryotes-, and eukaryotes-material hybrids have demonstrated the great potentials of the material incorporation strategy in vaccine development, cancer treatment, biological photosynthesis and environment protection etc. The suggested challenges and perspectives indicate more inspirations for the future development of organism-material hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Zhao
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 China; Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 China.
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30
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Wang Y, Bruggeman KF, Franks S, Gautam V, Hodgetts SI, Harvey AR, Williams RJ, Nisbet DR. Is Viral Vector Gene Delivery More Effective Using Biomaterials? Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001238. [PMID: 33191667 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery has been extensively investigated for introducing foreign genetic material into cells to promote expression of therapeutic proteins or to silence relevant genes. This approach can regulate genetic or epigenetic disorders, offering an attractive alternative to pharmacological therapy or invasive protein delivery options. However, the exciting potential of viral gene therapy has yet to be fully realized, with a number of clinical trials failing to deliver optimal therapeutic outcomes. Reasons for this include difficulty in achieving localized delivery, and subsequently lower efficacy at the target site, as well as poor or inconsistent transduction efficiency. Thus, ongoing efforts are focused on improving local viral delivery and enhancing its efficiency. Recently, biomaterials have been exploited as an option for more controlled, targeted and programmable gene delivery. There is a growing body of literature demonstrating the efficacy of biomaterials and their potential advantages over other delivery strategies. This review explores current limitations of gene delivery and the progress of biomaterial-mediated gene delivery. The combination of biomaterials and gene vectors holds the potential to surmount major challenges, including the uncontrolled release of viral vectors with random delivery duration, poorly localized viral delivery with associated off-target effects, limited viral tropism, and immune safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials Research School of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Kiara F. Bruggeman
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials Research School of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Stephanie Franks
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials Research School of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Vini Gautam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Stuart I. Hodgetts
- School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth WA 6009 Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science Perth WA 6009 Australia
| | - Alan R. Harvey
- School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth WA 6009 Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science Perth WA 6009 Australia
| | - Richard J. Williams
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT) School of Medicine Deakin University Waurn Ponds VIC 3216 Australia
- Biofab3D St. Vincent's Hospital Fitzroy 3065 Australia
| | - David R. Nisbet
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials Research School of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
- Biofab3D St. Vincent's Hospital Fitzroy 3065 Australia
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Rafie K, Lenman A, Fuchs J, Rajan A, Arnberg N, Carlson LA. The structure of enteric human adenovirus 41-A leading cause of diarrhea in children. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/2/eabe0974. [PMID: 33523995 PMCID: PMC7793593 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe0974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) types F40 and F41 are a prominent cause of diarrhea and diarrhea-associated mortality in young children worldwide. These enteric HAdVs differ notably in tissue tropism and pathogenicity from respiratory and ocular adenoviruses, but the structural basis for this divergence has been unknown. Here, we present the first structure of an enteric HAdV-HAdV-F41-determined by cryo-electron microscopy to a resolution of 3.8 Å. The structure reveals extensive alterations to the virion exterior as compared to nonenteric HAdVs, including a unique arrangement of capsid protein IX. The structure also provides new insights into conserved aspects of HAdV architecture such as a proposed location of core protein V, which links the viral DNA to the capsid, and assembly-induced conformational changes in the penton base protein. Our findings provide the structural basis for adaptation of enteric HAdVs to a fundamentally different tissue tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rafie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - A Lenman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Fuchs
- Proteomics Core Facility at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Rajan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - N Arnberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - L-A Carlson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Ravantti JJ, Martinez-Castillo A, Abrescia NG. Superimposition of Viral Protein Structures: A Means to Decipher the Phylogenies of Viruses. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101146. [PMID: 33050291 PMCID: PMC7600307 DOI: 10.3390/v12101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Superimposition of protein structures is key in unravelling structural homology across proteins whose sequence similarity is lost. Structural comparison provides insights into protein function and evolution. Here, we review some of the original findings and thoughts that have led to the current established structure-based phylogeny of viruses: starting from the original observation that the major capsid proteins of plant and animal viruses possess similar folds, to the idea that each virus has an innate “self”. This latter idea fueled the conceptualization of the PRD1-adenovirus lineage whose members possess a major capsid protein (innate “self”) with a double jelly roll fold. Based on this approach, long-range viral evolutionary relationships can be detected allowing the virosphere to be classified in four structure-based lineages. However, this process is not without its challenges or limitations. As an example of these hurdles, we finally touch on the difficulty of establishing structural “self” traits for enveloped viruses showcasing the coronaviruses but also the power of structure-based analysis in the understanding of emerging viruses
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne J. Ravantti
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Ane Martinez-Castillo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain;
| | - Nicola G.A. Abrescia
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-946572502
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Lactoferrin-Hexon Interactions Mediate CAR-Independent Adenovirus Infection of Human Respiratory Cells. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00542-20. [PMID: 32376620 PMCID: PMC7343212 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00542-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many viruses enter target cells using cell adhesion molecules as receptors. Paradoxically, these molecules are abundant on the lateral and basolateral side of intact, polarized, epithelial target cells, but absent on the apical side that must be penetrated by incoming viruses to initiate infection. Our study provides a model whereby viruses use different mechanisms to infect polarized epithelial cells depending on which side of the cell—apical or lateral/basolateral—is attacked. This study may also be useful to understand the biology of other viruses that use cell adhesion molecules as receptors. Virus entry into host cells is a complex process that is largely regulated by access to specific cellular receptors. Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) and many other viruses use cell adhesion molecules such as the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) for attachment to and entry into target cells. These molecules are rarely expressed on the apical side of polarized epithelial cells, which raises the question of how adenoviruses—and other viruses that engage cell adhesion molecules—enter polarized cells from the apical side to initiate infection. We have previously shown that species C HAdVs utilize lactoferrin—a common innate immune component secreted to respiratory mucosa—for infection via unknown mechanisms. Using a series of biochemical, cellular, and molecular biology approaches, we mapped this effect to the proteolytically cleavable, positively charged, N-terminal 49 residues of human lactoferrin (hLF) known as human lactoferricin (hLfcin). Lactoferricin (Lfcin) binds to the hexon protein on the viral capsid and anchors the virus to an unknown receptor structure of target cells, resulting in infection. These findings suggest that HAdVs use distinct cell entry mechanisms at different stages of infection. To initiate infection, entry is likely to occur at the apical side of polarized epithelial cells, largely by means of hLF and hLfcin bridging HAdV capsids via hexons to as-yet-unknown receptors; when infection is established, progeny virions released from the basolateral side enter neighboring cells by means of hLF/hLfcin and CAR in parallel. IMPORTANCE Many viruses enter target cells using cell adhesion molecules as receptors. Paradoxically, these molecules are abundant on the lateral and basolateral side of intact, polarized, epithelial target cells, but absent on the apical side that must be penetrated by incoming viruses to initiate infection. Our study provides a model whereby viruses use different mechanisms to infect polarized epithelial cells depending on which side of the cell—apical or lateral/basolateral—is attacked. This study may also be useful to understand the biology of other viruses that use cell adhesion molecules as receptors.
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Abstract
Both well-known and emerging viruses increasingly affect humans and cause disease, sometimes with devastating impact on society. The viruses present in the biosphere are the top predators in the life chain, virtually without enemies, except perhaps the immune system, and harsh environmental physicochemical conditions restricting their dissemination. We know a lot about viruses, but do we know enough? This series of reviews is dedicated to adenoviruses (AdVs), a family of nonenveloped DNA viruses occurring in vertebrates, including humans. AdVs have been the focus of intense research for more than 67 years. Besides causing disease, they have immensely contributed to the advance of life sciences and medicine over the past decades. Recently, AdVs have been widely used as vehicles in gene therapy and vaccination. They continue to provide fundamental insights into virus-host interactions in cells, tissues and organisms, as well as systems and metabolic networks. This special issue of FEBS Letters presents a unique collection of 23 state-of-the-art review articles by leading adenovirologists. In this prelude, I present the chapters, which provide a solid basis for further exploring the rich heritage in adenovirus molecular cell biology, structural biology, genetics, immunology, gene therapy and epidemiology. I conclude with an essential discussion of six blind spots in adenovirology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs F Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Barry MA, Rubin JD, Lu SC. Retargeting adenoviruses for therapeutic applications and vaccines. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1918-1946. [PMID: 31944286 PMCID: PMC7311308 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ads) are robust vectors for therapeutic applications and vaccines, but their use can be limited by differences in their in vitro and in vivo pharmacologies. This review emphasizes that there is not just one Ad, but a whole virome of diverse viruses that can be used as therapeutics. It discusses that true vector targeting involves not only retargeting viruses, but importantly also detargeting the viruses from off-target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Barry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rubin
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shao-Chia Lu
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Goradel NH, Negahdari B, Ghorghanlu S, Jahangiri S, Arashkia A. Strategies for enhancing intratumoral spread of oncolytic adenoviruses. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107586. [PMID: 32479843 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses, effectively replicate viruses within malignant cells to lyse them without affecting normal ones, have recently shown great promise in developing therapeutic options for cancer. Adenoviruses (Ads) are one of the candidates in oncolytic virotheraoy due to its easily manipulated genomic DNA and expression of wide rane of its receptors on the various cancers. Although systematic delivery of oncolytic adenoviruses can target both primary and metastatic tumors, there are some drawbacks in the effective systematic delivery of oncolytic adenoviruses, including pre-existing antibodies and liver tropism. To overcome these limitations, intratumural (IT) administration of oncolytic viruses have been proposed. However, IT injection of Ads leaves much of the tumor mass unaffected and Ads are not able to disperse more in the tumor microenvironment (TME). To this end, various strategies have been developed to enhance the IT spread of oncolytic adenoviruses, such as using extracellular matrix degradation enzymes, junction opening peptides, and fusogenic proteins. In the present paper, we reviewed different oncolytic adenoviruses, their application in the clinical trials, and strategies for enhancing their IT spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajjad Ghorghanlu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Jahangiri
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Excoffon KJDA. The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor: virological and biological beauty. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1828-1837. [PMID: 32298477 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is an essential multifunctional cellular protein that is only beginning to be understood. CAR serves as a receptor for many adenoviruses, human group B coxsackieviruses, swine vesicular disease virus, and possibly other viruses. While named for its function as a viral receptor, CAR is also involved in cell adhesion, immune cell activation, synaptic transmission, and signaling. Knockout mouse models were first to identify some of these biological functions; however, tissue-specific model systems have shed light on the complexity of different CAR isoforms and their specific activities. Many of these functions are mediated by the large number of interacting proteins described so far, and several new putative interactions have recently been discovered. As antiviral and gene therapy strategies that target CAR continue to emerge, future work poised to understand the biological implications of manipulating CAR in vivo is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J D A Excoffon
- Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.,Spirovant Sciences, Inc, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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38
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Human β-defensin 3 gene modification promotes the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells and bone repair in periodontitis. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:13. [PMID: 32350241 PMCID: PMC7190824 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-0078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to control inflammation and achieve better tissue repair in the treatment of periodontitis have been ongoing for years. Human β-defensin 3, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide has been proven to have a variety of biological functions in periodontitis; however, relatively few reports have addressed the effects of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) on osteogenic differentiation. In this study, we evaluated the osteogenic effects of hPDLCs with an adenoviral vector encoding human β-defensin 3 in an inflammatory microenvironment. Then human β-defensin 3 gene-modified rat periodontal ligament cells were transplanted into rats with experimental periodontitis to observe their effects on periodontal bone repair. We found that the human β-defensin 3 gene-modified hPDLCs presented with high levels of osteogenesis-related gene expression and calcium deposition. Furthermore, the p38 MAPK pathway was activated in this process. In vivo, human β-defensin 3 gene-transfected rat PDLCs promoted bone repair in SD rats with periodontitis, and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway might also have been involved. These findings demonstrate that human β-defensin 3 accelerates osteogenesis and that human β-defensin 3 gene modification may offer a potential approach to promote bone repair in patients with periodontitis.
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Unravelling Receptor and RGD Motif Dependence of Retargeted Adenoviral Vectors using Advanced Tumor Model Systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18568. [PMID: 31811202 PMCID: PMC6897923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in engineering adenoviruses are paving the way for new therapeutic gene delivery approaches in cancer. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the impact of adenoviral retargeting on transduction efficiency in more complex tumor architectures, and the role of the RGD loop at the penton base in retargeting is unclear. To address this gap, we used tumor models of increasing complexity to study the role of the receptor and the RGD motif. Employing tumor-fibroblast co-culture models, we demonstrate the importance of the RGD motif for efficient transduction in 2D through the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), but not the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Via optical clearing of co-culture spheroids, we show that the RGD motif is required for transduction via both receptors in 3D tumor architectures. We subsequently employed a custom-designed microfluidic model containing collagen-embedded tumor spheroids, mimicking the interplay between interstitial flow, extracellular matrix and adenoviral transduction. Image analysis of on-chip cleared spheroids indicated the importance of the RGD motif for on-chip adenoviral transduction. Together, our results show the interrelationship between receptor characteristics, the RGD motif, the 3D tumor architecture and retargeted adenoviral transduction efficiency. The findings are important for the rational design of next-generation therapeutic adenoviruses.
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Atasheva S, Yao J, Shayakhmetov DM. Innate immunity to adenovirus: lessons from mice. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3461-3483. [PMID: 31769012 PMCID: PMC6928416 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adenovirus is a highly evolutionary successful pathogen, as it is widely prevalent across the animal kingdom, infecting hosts ranging from lizards and frogs to dolphins, birds, and humans. Although natural adenovirus infections in humans rarely cause severe pathology, intravenous injection of high doses of adenovirus-based vectors triggers rapid activation of the innate immune system, leading to cytokine storm syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia, and hepatotoxicity, which individually or in combination may cause morbidity and mortality. Much of the information on exactly how adenovirus activates the innate immune system has been gathered from mouse experimental systems. Intravenous administration of adenovirus to mice revealed mechanistic insights into cellular and molecular components of the innate immunity that detect adenovirus particles, activate pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and cytokine production, sequester adenovirus particles from the bloodstream, and eliminate adenovirus-infected cells. Collectively, this information greatly improved our understanding of mechanisms of activation of innate immunity to adenovirus and may pave the way for designing safer adenovirus-based vectors for therapy of genetic and acquired human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Atasheva
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jia Yao
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dmitry M. Shayakhmetov
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Children’s Center for Transplantation and Immuno-mediated Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Rajawat YS, Humbert O, Kiem HP. In-Vivo Gene Therapy with Foamy Virus Vectors. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121091. [PMID: 31771194 PMCID: PMC6950547 DOI: 10.3390/v11121091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Foamy viruses (FVs) are nonpathogenic retroviruses that infect various animals including bovines, felines, nonhuman primates (NHPs), and can be transmitted to humans through zoonotic infection. Due to their non-pathogenic nature, broad tissue tropism and relatively safe integration profile, FVs have been engineered as novel vectors (foamy virus vector, FVV) for stable gene transfer into different cells and tissues. FVVs have emerged as an alternative platform to contemporary viral vectors (e.g., adeno associated and lentiviral vectors) for experimental and therapeutic gene therapy of a variety of monogenetic diseases. Some of the important features of FVVs include the ability to efficiently transduce hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from humans, NHPs, canines and rodents. We have successfully used FVV for proof of concept studies to demonstrate safety and efficacy following in-vivo delivery in large animal models. In this review, we will comprehensively discuss FVV based in-vivo gene therapy approaches established in the X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1) canine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Singh Rajawat
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (O.H.); (Y.S.R.)
| | - Olivier Humbert
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (O.H.); (Y.S.R.)
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (O.H.); (Y.S.R.)
- Departments of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Departments of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-206-667-4425
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Huang LL, Li X, Zhang J, Zhao QR, Zhang MJ, Liu AA, Pang DW, Xie HY. MnCaCs-Biomineralized Oncolytic Virus for Bimodal Imaging-Guided and Synergistically Enhanced Anticancer Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8002-8009. [PMID: 31626554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenovirus (OA) is an ideal candidate for clinical anticancer treatment, because it can specifically replicate in tumor cells with high titer. However, its systemic administration is still hindered, because of severely compromised antitumor efficacy. Herein, an engineered OA was innovatively developed by enwrapping OA with calcium and manganese carbonates (MnCaCs) biomineral shell, which could protect the virus from removal of the host immune system and prolong its in vivo circulation. Upon accumulating in tumor sites, MnCaCs readily dissolved under the acidic microenvironment, releasing Mn2+ that could convert endogenous H2O2 into oxygen (O2) and then enhance the duplication ability of OA, thus significantly increased the antitumor efficacy. Meanwhile, Mn2+ and the increased O2 individually endowed the T1 modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) feasibility, providing real-time monitoring information for the therapy. This versatile engineered OA demonstrated its promise for visible and efficient oncolytic virotherapy by systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Huang
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - JinFeng Zhang
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ru Zhao
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Jing Zhang
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - An-An Liu
- College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjing 300071 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjing 300071 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Xie
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
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43
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Benihoud K. Un nouvel acteur dans la neutralisation intracellulaire des adénovirus par les anticorps. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 35:839-841. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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44
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Abstract
In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Bottermann et al. (2019) reveal that complement component C4 inhibits adenovirus by inactivating the virus capsid through mechanisms requiring antibody engagement, but not late-acting complement pathways. This antiviral function likely broadly impacts non-enveloped viruses and may help illuminate the process of virus disassembly.
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45
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Richter C, Bruegmann T. No light without the dark: Perspectives and hindrances for translation of cardiac optogenetics. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 154:39-50. [PMID: 31515056 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, optogenetic stimulation of the heart and its translational potential for rhythm control attracted more and more interest. Optogenetics allows to stimulate cardiomyocytes expressing the light-gated cation channel Channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2) with light and thus high spatio-temporal precision. Therefore this new approach can overcome the technical limitations of electrical stimulation. In regard of translational approaches, the prospect of pain-free stimulation, if ChR2 expression is restricted to cardiomyocytes, is especially intriguing and could be highly beneficial for cardioversion and defibrillation. However, there is no light without shadow and cardiac optogenetics has to surmount critical hurdles, namely "how" to inscribe light-sensitivity by expressing ChR2 in a native heart and how to avoid side effects such as possible immune responses against the gene transfer. Furthermore, implantable light devices have to be developed which ensure sufficient illumination in a highly contractile environment. Therefore this article reviews recent advantages in the field of cardiac optogenetics with a special focus on the hindrances for the potential translation of this new approach into clinics and provides an outlook how these have to be carefully investigated and could be solved step by step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Richter
- RG Biomedical Physics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics & Self-Organization, Am Fassberg 17, 37077, Goettingen, Germany; Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 42a, 37075, Goettingen, Germany; DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Tobias Bruegmann
- DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Goettingen, Germany.
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Foss S, Bottermann M, Jonsson A, Sandlie I, James LC, Andersen JT. TRIM21-From Intracellular Immunity to Therapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2049. [PMID: 31555278 PMCID: PMC6722209 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif containing-21 (TRIM21) is a cytosolic ubiquitin ligase and antibody receptor that provides a last line of defense against invading viruses. It does so by acting as a sensor that intercepts antibody-coated viruses that have evaded extracellular neutralization and breached the cell membrane. Upon engagement of the Fc of antibodies bound to viruses, TRIM21 triggers a coordinated effector and signaling response that prevents viral replication while at the same time inducing an anti-viral cellular state. This dual effector function is tightly regulated by auto-ubiquitination and phosphorylation. Therapeutically, TRIM21 has been shown to be detrimental in adenovirus based gene therapy, while it may be favorably utilized to prevent tau aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, TRIM21 may synergize with the complement system to block viral replication as well as transgene expression. TRIM21 can also be utilized as a research tool to deplete specific proteins in cells and zebrafish embryos. Here, we review our current biological understanding of TRIM21 in light of its versatile functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Foss
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Bottermann
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Jonsson
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leo C James
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Targeted delivery and endosomal cellular uptake of DARPin-siRNA bioconjugates: Influence of linker stability on gene silencing. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 141:37-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Greber UF. Editorial: Physical Virology and the Nature of Virus Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1215:1-11. [PMID: 31317493 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14741-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Virus particles, 'virions', range in size from nano-scale to micro-scale. They have many different shapes and are composed of proteins, sugars, nucleic acids, lipids, water and solutes. Virions are autonomous entities and affect all forms of life in a parasitic relationship. They infect prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The physical properties of virions are tuned to the way they interact with cells. When virions interact with cells, they gain huge complexity and give rise to an infected cell, also known as 'virus'. Virion-cell interactions entail the processes of entry, replication and assembly, as well as egress from the infected cell. Collectively, these steps can result in progeny virions, which is a productive infection, or in silencing of the virus, an abortive or latent infection. This book explores facets of the physical nature of virions and viruses and the impact of mechanical properties on infection processes at the cellular and subcellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs F Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
More than 80 different adenovirus (AdV) types infect humans through the respiratory, ocular, or gastrointestinal tracts. They cause acute clinical mani-festations or persist under humoral and cell-based immunity. Immuno-suppressed individuals are at risk of death from an AdV infection. Concepts about cell entry of AdV build on strong foundations from molecular and cellular biology-and increasingly physical virology. Here, we discuss how virions enter and deliver their genome into the nucleus of epithelial cells. This process breaks open the virion at distinct sites because the particle has nonisometric mechanical strength and reacts to specific host factors along the entry pathway. We further describe how macrophages and dendritic cells resist AdV infection yet enhance productive entry into polarized epithelial cells. A deep understanding of the viral mechanisms and cell biological and biophysical principles will continue to unravel how epithelial and antigen-presenting cells respond to AdVs and control inflammation and persistence in pathology and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs F Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Justin W Flatt
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland;
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50
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Computational Modeling of Designed Ankyrin Repeat Protein Complexes with Their Targets. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2852-2868. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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