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Suzuki T, Chéret J, Scala FD, Rajabi-Estarabadi A, Akhundlu A, Demetrius DL, Gherardini J, Keren A, Harries M, Rodriguez-Feliz J, Epstein G, Lee W, Purba T, Gilhar A, Paus R. Interleukin-15 is a hair follicle immune privilege guardian. J Autoimmun 2024; 145:103217. [PMID: 38581915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The autoimmunity-promoting cytokine, Interleukin-15 (IL-15), is often claimed to be a key pathogenic cytokine in alopecia areata (AA). Yet, rhIL-15 promotes human hair follicle (HF) growth ex vivo. We have asked whether the expression of IL-15 and its receptor (IL-15R) isoforms is altered in human AA and how IL-15 impacts on human HF immune privilege (HF-IP) in the presence/absence of interferon-γ (IFNγ), the well-documented key AA-pathogenic cytokine, as well as on hair regrowth after experimental AA induction in vivo. Quantitative immunohistomorphometry showed the number of perifollicular IL-15+ T cells in AA skin biopsies to be significantly increased compared to healthy control skin, while IL-15, IL-15Rα, and IL-15Rγ protein expression within the hair bulb were significantly down-regulated in AA HFs. In organ-cultured human scalp HFs, rhIL-15 significantly reduced hair bulb expression of MICA, the key "danger" signal in AA pathogenesis, and increased production of the HF-IP guardian, α-MSH. Crucially, ex vivo, rhIL-15 prevented IFNγ-induced HF-IP collapse, restored a collapsed HF-IP by IL-15Rα-dependent signaling (as documented by IL-15Rα-silencing), and protected AA-preventive immunoinhibitory iNKT10 cells from IFNγ-induced apoptosis. rhIL-15 even promoted hair regrowth after experimental AA induction in human scalp skin xenotransplants on SCID/beige mice in vivo. Our data introduce IL-15 as a novel, functionally important HF-IP guardian whose signaling is constitutively defective in scalp HFs of AA patients. Our data suggest that selective stimulation of intrafollicular IL-15Rα signaling could become a novel therapeutic approach in AA management, while blocking it pharmacologically may hinder both HF-IP restoration and hair re-growth and may thus make HFs more vulnerable to AA relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Suzuki
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Fernanda D Scala
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ali Rajabi-Estarabadi
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Dermatology, Broward Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Aysun Akhundlu
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dana-Lee Demetrius
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Gherardini
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aviad Keren
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Matthew Harries
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
| | | | - Gorana Epstein
- Foundation for Hair Restoration, 33143, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Wendy Lee
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Talveen Purba
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; CUTANEON - Skin & Hair Innovations, Hamburg, Germany.
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2
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Zhang T, Tai Z, Miao F, Zhang X, Li J, Zhu Q, Wei H, Chen Z. Adoptive cell therapy for solid tumors beyond CAR-T: Current challenges and emerging therapeutic advances. J Control Release 2024; 368:372-396. [PMID: 38408567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive cellular immunotherapy using immune cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is a highly specific anti-tumor immunotherapy that has shown promise in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, there has been a slow progress toward the treatment of solid tumors owing to the complex tumor microenvironment that affects the localization and killing ability of the CAR cells. Solid tumors with a strong immunosuppressive microenvironment and complex vascular system are unaffected by CAR cell infiltration and attack. To improve their efficacy toward solid tumors, CAR cells have been modified and upgraded by "decorating" and "pruning". This review focuses on the structure and function of CARs, the immune cells that can be engineered by CARs and the transformation strategies to overcome solid tumors, with a view to broadening ideas for the better application of CAR cell therapy for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingrui Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fengze Miao
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Jiadong Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.
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3
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Tanaka M, Sugimoto K, Akasaka H, Yoshida S, Takahashi T, Fujimoto T, Xie K, Yasunobe Y, Yamamoto K, Hirabayashi T, Nakanishi R, Fujino H, Rakugi H. Effects of interleukin-15 on autophagy regulation in the skeletal muscle of mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E326-E340. [PMID: 38294696 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00311.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the role of skeletal muscle-derived interleukin (IL)-15 in the regulation of skeletal muscle autophagy using IL-15 knockout (KO) and transgenic (TG) mice. Male C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), IL-15 KO, and IL-15 TG mice were used in this study. Changes in muscle mass, forelimb grip strength, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, gene and protein expression levels of major regulators and indicators of autophagy, comprehensive gene expression, and DNA methylation in the gastrocnemius muscle were analyzed. Enrichment pathway analyses revealed that the pathology of IL-15 gene deficiency was related to the autophagosome pathway. Moreover, although IL-15 KO mice maintained gastrocnemius muscle mass, they exhibited a decrease in autophagy induction. IL-15 TG mice exhibited a decrease in gastrocnemius muscle mass and an increase in forelimb grip strength and SDH activity in skeletal muscle. In the gastrocnemius muscle, the ratio of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) to total AMPKα and unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 and Beclin1 protein expression were higher in the IL-15 TG group than in the WT group. IL-15 gene deficiency induces a decrease in autophagy induction. In contrast, IL-15 overexpression could improve muscle quality by activating autophagy induction while decreasing muscle mass. The regulation of IL-15 in autophagy in skeletal muscles may lead to the development of therapies for the autophagy-induced regulation of skeletal muscle mass and cellular quality control.NEW & NOTEWORTHY IL-15 gene deficiency can decrease autophagy induction. However, although IL-15 overexpression induced a decrease in muscle mass, it led to an improvement in muscle quality. Based on these results, understanding the role of IL-15 in regulating autophagy pathways within skeletal muscle may lead to the development of therapies for the autophagy-induced regulation of skeletal muscle mass and cellular quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- Department of General and Geriatric Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akasaka
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shino Yoshida
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Takahashi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taku Fujimoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keyu Xie
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yasunobe
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Hirabayashi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakanishi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka Rosai Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Giansanti M, Theinert T, Boeing SK, Haas D, Schlegel PG, Vacca P, Nazio F, Caruana I. Exploiting autophagy balance in T and NK cells as a new strategy to implement adoptive cell therapies. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:201. [PMID: 38071322 PMCID: PMC10709869 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential cellular homeostasis pathway initiated by multiple stimuli ranging from nutrient deprivation to viral infection, playing a key role in human health and disease. At present, a growing number of evidence suggests a role of autophagy as a primitive innate immune form of defense for eukaryotic cells, interacting with components of innate immune signaling pathways and regulating thymic selection, antigen presentation, cytokine production and T/NK cell homeostasis. In cancer, autophagy is intimately involved in the immunological control of tumor progression and response to therapy. However, very little is known about the role and impact of autophagy in T and NK cells, the main players in the active fight against infections and tumors. Important questions are emerging: what role does autophagy play on T/NK cells? Could its modulation lead to any advantages? Could specific targeting of autophagy on tumor cells (blocking) and T/NK cells (activation) be a new intervention strategy? In this review, we debate preclinical studies that have identified autophagy as a key regulator of immune responses by modulating the functions of different immune cells and discuss the redundancy or diversity among the subpopulations of both T and NK cells in physiologic context and in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Giansanti
- Immunology Research Area, Innate Lymphoid Cells Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Tobias Theinert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Katharina Boeing
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Haas
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul-Gerhardt Schlegel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paola Vacca
- Immunology Research Area, Innate Lymphoid Cells Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Nazio
- Immunology Research Area, Innate Lymphoid Cells Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ignazio Caruana
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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5
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Sadeghi A, Niknam M, Momeni-Moghaddam MA, Shabani M, Aria H, Bastin A, Teimouri M, Meshkani R, Akbari H. Crosstalk between autophagy and insulin resistance: evidence from different tissues. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:456. [PMID: 37876013 PMCID: PMC10599071 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a critical hormone that promotes energy storage in various tissues, as well as anabolic functions. Insulin resistance significantly reduces these responses, resulting in pathological conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The management of insulin resistance requires better knowledge of its pathophysiological mechanisms to prevent secondary complications, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent evidence regarding the etiological mechanisms behind insulin resistance emphasizes the role of energy imbalance and neurohormonal dysregulation, both of which are closely regulated by autophagy. Autophagy is a conserved process that maintains homeostasis in cells. Accordingly, autophagy abnormalities have been linked to a variety of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, T2DM, obesity, and CVDs. Thus, there may be a link between autophagy and insulin resistance. Therefore, the interaction between autophagy and insulin function will be examined in this review, particularly in insulin-responsive tissues, such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asie Sadeghi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Niknam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Aria
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Bastin
- Clinical Research Development Center "The Persian Gulf Martyrs" Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Maryam Teimouri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Akbari
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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6
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Franco F, Bevilacqua A, Wu RM, Kao KC, Lin CP, Rousseau L, Peng FT, Chuang YM, Peng JJ, Park J, Xu Y, Cassotta A, Yu YR, Speiser DE, Sallusto F, Ho PC. Regulatory circuits of mitophagy restrict distinct modes of cell death during memory CD8 + T cell formation. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadf7579. [PMID: 37738363 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adf7579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy, a central process guarding mitochondrial quality, is commonly impaired in human diseases such as Parkinson's disease, but its impact in adaptive immunity remains unclear. The differentiation and survival of memory CD8+ T cells rely on oxidative metabolism, a process that requires robust mitochondrial quality control. Here, we found that Parkinson's disease patients have a reduced frequency of CD8+ memory T cells compared with healthy donors and failed to form memory T cells upon vaccination against COVID-19, highlighting the importance of mitochondrial quality control for memory CD8+ T cell formation. We further uncovered that regulators of mitophagy, including Parkin and NIX, were up-regulated in response to interleukin-15 (IL-15) for supporting memory T cell formation. Mechanistically, Parkin suppressed VDAC1-dependent apoptosis in memory T cells. In contrast, NIX expression in T cells counteracted ferroptosis by preventing metabolic dysfunction resulting from impaired mitophagy. Together, our results indicate that the mitophagy machinery orchestrates survival and metabolic dynamics required for memory T cell formation, as well as highlight a deficit in T cell-mediated antiviral responses in Parkinson's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Franco
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Bevilacqua
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ruey-Mei Wu
- Neurology Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Chi Kao
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Chun-Pu Lin
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Lorène Rousseau
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Fu-Ti Peng
- Neurology Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Chuang
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Jhan-Jie Peng
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Jaeoh Park
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Yingxi Xu
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Antonino Cassotta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Yi-Ru Yu
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
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7
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Panahi Meymandi AR, Akbari B, Soltantoyeh T, Hadjati J, Klionsky DJ, Badie B, Mirzaei HR. Crosstalk between autophagy and metabolic regulation of (CAR) T cells: therapeutic implications. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212695. [PMID: 37675121 PMCID: PMC10477670 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy's extraordinary success in subsets of B-cell lymphoma and leukemia, various barriers restrict its application in solid tumors. This has prompted investigating new approaches for producing CAR T cells with superior therapeutic potential. Emerging insights into the barriers to CAR T cell clinical success indicate that autophagy shapes the immune response via reprogramming cellular metabolism and vice versa. Autophagy, a self-cannibalization process that includes destroying and recycling intracellular components in the lysosome, influences T cell biology, including development, survival, memory formation, and cellular metabolism. In this review, we will emphasize the critical role of autophagy in regulating and rewiring metabolic circuits in CAR T cells, as well as how the metabolic status of CAR T cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) alter autophagy regulation in CAR T cells to restore functional competence in CAR Ts traversing solid TMEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Reza Panahi Meymandi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnia Akbari
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Soltantoyeh
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamshid Hadjati
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Behnam Badie
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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8
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Cao L, Morgun E, Genardi S, Visvabharathy L, Cui Y, Huang H, Wang CR. METTL14-dependent m 6A modification controls iNKT cell development and function. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111156. [PMID: 35926466 PMCID: PMC9495716 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most common form of RNA modification, controls CD4+ T cell homeostasis by targeting the IL-7/STAT5/SOCS signaling pathways. The role of m6A modification in unconventional T cell development remains unknown. Using mice with T cell-specific deletion of RNA methyltransferase METTL14 (T-Mettl14−/−), we demonstrate that m6A modification is indispensable for iNKT cell homeostasis. Loss of METTL14-dependent m6A modification leads to the upregulation of apoptosis in double-positive thymocytes, which in turn decreases Vα14-Jα18 gene rearrangements, resulting in drastic reduction of iNKT numbers in the thymus and periphery. Residual T-Mettl14−/− iNKT cells exhibit increased apoptosis, impaired maturation, and decreased responsiveness to IL-2/IL-15 and TCR stimulation. Furthermore, METTL14 knockdown in mature iNKT cells diminishes their cytokine production, correlating with increased Cish expression and decreased TCR signaling. Collectively, our study highlights a critical role for METTL14-dependent-m6A modification in iNKT cell development and function. Cao et al. show that T cell-specific deletion of METTL14, a component of RNA m6A writer complex, leads to severe defects in iNKT cell development, survival, and function. Mechanistically, METTL14-dependent m6A modification controls iNKT cell development in a cell-intrinsic manner by regulating the apoptosis pathway and TCR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 3-401, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eva Morgun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 3-401, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Samantha Genardi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 3-401, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lavanya Visvabharathy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 3-401, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yongyong Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 3-401, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Haochu Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 3-401, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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9
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Sorosina M, Barizzone N, Clarelli F, Anand S, Lupoli S, Salvi E, Mangano E, Bordoni R, Roostaei T, Mascia E, Zuccalà M, Vecchio D, Cavalla P, Santoro S, Ferrè L, Zollo A, Barlassina C, Cusi D, Martinelli V, Comi G, Leone M, Filippi M, Patsopoulos NA, De Jager PL, De Bellis G, Esposito F, D'Alfonso S, Martinelli Boneschi F. A multi-step genomic approach prioritized TBKBP1 gene as relevant for multiple sclerosis susceptibility. J Neurol 2022; 269:4510-4522. [PMID: 35545683 PMCID: PMC9294010 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 200 genetic loci have been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) explaining ~ 50% of its heritability, suggesting that additional mechanisms may account for the "missing heritability" phenomenon. OBJECTIVE To analyze a large cohort of Italian individuals to identify markers associated with MS with potential functional impact in the disease. METHODS We studied 2571 MS and 3234 healthy controls (HC) of continental Italian origin. Discovery phase included a genome wide association study (1727 MS, 2258 HC), with SNPs selected according to their association in the Italian cohort only or in a meta-analysis of signals with a cohort of European ancestry (4088 MS, 7144 HC). Top associated loci were then tested in two Italian cohorts through array-based genotyping (903 MS, 884 HC) and pool-based target sequencing (588 MS, 408 HC). Finally, functional prioritization through conditional eQTL and mQTL has been performed. RESULTS Top associated signals overlap with already known MS loci on chromosomes 3 and 17. Three SNPs (rs4267364, rs8070463, rs67919208), all involved in the regulation of TBKBP1, were prioritized to be functionally relevant. CONCLUSIONS No evidence of novel signal of association with MS specific for the Italian continental population has been found; nevertheless, two MS loci seems to play a relevant role, raising the interest to further investigations for TBKBP1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Sorosina
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Barizzone
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Eastern Piedmont, Avogadro University, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Clarelli
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Santosh Anand
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communications (DISCo), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Lupoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Salvi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Neuroalgology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mangano
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate, 20090, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Bordoni
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate, 20090, Milan, Italy
| | - Tina Roostaei
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research On Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Elisabetta Mascia
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Zuccalà
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Eastern Piedmont, Avogadro University, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Domizia Vecchio
- MS Centre, SCDU Neurology, AOU Maggiore Della Carità, Department of Translational Medicine, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Eastern Piedmont Avogadro, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Paola Cavalla
- MS Center, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, City of Health and Science University Hospital of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Santoro
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Ferrè
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Alen Zollo
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Cusi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate, 20090, Milan, Italy
- Bio4Dreams, Business Nursery for Life Sciences, Piazzale Principessa Clotilde 4/A, 20121, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Martinelli
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Leone
- SC Neurologia, Dipartimento Di Scienze Mediche, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Nikolaos A Patsopoulos
- Systems Biology and Computer Science Program, Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research On Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Gianluca De Bellis
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate, 20090, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Esposito
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra D'Alfonso
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Eastern Piedmont, Avogadro University, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Filippo Martinelli Boneschi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy.
- Neurology Unit and MS Centre, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
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10
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Deretic V, Lazarou M. A guide to membrane atg8ylation and autophagy with reflections on immunity. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202203083. [PMID: 35699692 PMCID: PMC9202678 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202203083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of membrane atg8ylation, defined herein as the conjugation of the ATG8 family of ubiquitin-like proteins to membrane lipids, is beginning to be appreciated in its broader manifestations, mechanisms, and functions. Classically, membrane atg8ylation with LC3B, one of six mammalian ATG8 family proteins, has been viewed as the hallmark of canonical autophagy, entailing the formation of characteristic double membranes in the cytoplasm. However, ATG8s are now well described as being conjugated to single membranes and, most recently, proteins. Here we propose that the atg8ylation is coopted by multiple downstream processes, one of which is canonical autophagy. We elaborate on these biological outputs, which impact metabolism, quality control, and immunity, emphasizing the context of inflammation and immunological effects. In conclusion, we propose that atg8ylation is a modification akin to ubiquitylation, and that it is utilized by different systems participating in membrane stress responses and membrane remodeling activities encompassing autophagy and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Michael Lazarou
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Liu Y, Wang G, Chai D, Dang Y, Zheng J, Li H. iNKT: A new avenue for CAR-based cancer immunotherapy. Transl Oncol 2022; 17:101342. [PMID: 35063813 PMCID: PMC8784340 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell is a T lymphocyte-based immunotherapy, which achieves great successes in treating blood malignancies and provides new hope to cue advanced cancer patients. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a kind of special T lymphocytes characterized by expressing invariant TCR of Vα24Vβ11 to recognize CD1d-presented glycolipid antigens, which bridge innate and adaptive immune responses. iNKT cells themselves show strong anti-tumor effect in tumor models via CD1d-mediated killing of CD1d-positive tumor cells and immunosuppressive TAMs and MDSCs, and are closely related to the prognosis of cancer patients. iNKT cells are not restricted to polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and can prevent Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD), which makes it to be an ideal CAR vector for allogeneic therapy. Although CAR-iNKT was developed and verified by several different teams and attracts more and more attentions, many obstacles are still needed to be resolved before obtaining CAR-iNKT therapeutics. In this review, we summarized the current status of clinical application of iNKT cells and the latest achievements of CAR-iNKT cells, which provides new insight in CAR-iNKT development and usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Liu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Dafei Chai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Dang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China.
| | - Huizhong Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China.
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12
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Bhatia D, Capili A, Nakahira K, Muthukumar T, Torres LK, Choi AMK, Choi ME. Conditional deletion of myeloid-specific mitofusin 2 but not mitofusin 1 promotes kidney fibrosis. Kidney Int 2022; 101:963-986. [PMID: 35227692 PMCID: PMC9038692 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages exert critical functions during kidney injury, inflammation, and tissue repair or fibrosis. Mitochondrial structural and functional aberrations due to an imbalance in mitochondrial fusion/fission processes are implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease. Therefore, we investigated macrophage-specific functions of mitochondrial fusion proteins, mitofusin (MFN)1 and MFN2, in modulating macrophage mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, oxidative stress, polarization, and fibrotic response. MFN1 and MFN2 were found to be suppressed in mice after adenine diet-induced chronic kidney disease, in transforming growth factor-beta 1-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages, and in THP-1-derived human macrophages (a human leukemic cell line). However, abrogating Mfn2 but not Mfn1 in myeloid-lineage cells resulted in greater macrophage recruitment into the kidney during fibrosis and the macrophage-derived fibrotic response associated with collagen deposition culminating in worsening kidney function. Myeloid-specific Mfn1 /Mfn2 double knockout mice also showed increased adenine-induced fibrosis. Mfn2-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages displayed enhanced polarization towards the profibrotic/M2 phenotype and impaired mitochondrial biogenesis. Macrophages in the kidney of Mfn2-deficient and double knockout but not Mfn1-deficient mice exhibited greater mitochondrial mass, size, oxidative stress and lower mitophagy under fibrotic conditions than the macrophages in the kidney of wild-type mice. Thus, downregulation of MFN2 but not MFN1 lead to macrophage polarization towards a profibrotic phenotype to promote kidney fibrosis through a mechanism involving suppression of macrophage mitophagy and dysfunctional mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bhatia
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Allyson Capili
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kiichi Nakahira
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Thangamani Muthukumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lisa K Torres
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary E Choi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
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13
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Autophagy-Mediated Activation of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Driven by Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived IL-15. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:926-939. [PMID: 33798448 PMCID: PMC8072065 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like unconventional T cells that are abundant in humans and have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are crucial regulators of immune cells. However, whether MAIT cells are regulated by MSCs is unclear. Here, we explored the effect of MSCs on MAIT cells and revealed the underlying mechanism. We found that MSCs did not influence the proliferation of MAIT cells but strikingly induced an activated phenotype with an increased expression of CD69, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and granzyme B. Moreover, MSCs activated MAIT cells in a TCR-MR1-independent mechanism through MSC-secreted IL-15. We revealed that MSC-derived IL-15 activated MAIT cells by enhancing autophagy activity, which was abolished by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. Based on our findings, MAIT cells are activated by MSCs through IL-15-induced autophagy, which may help elucidate the mechanisms underlying some immune responses and diseases and provide guidance for future research.
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14
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Swadling L, Pallett LJ, Diniz MO, Baker JM, Amin OE, Stegmann KA, Burton AR, Schmidt NM, Jeffery-Smith A, Zakeri N, Suveizdyte K, Froghi F, Fusai G, Rosenberg WM, Davidson BR, Schurich A, Simon AK, Maini MK. Human Liver Memory CD8 + T Cells Use Autophagy for Tissue Residence. Cell Rep 2021; 30:687-698.e6. [PMID: 31968246 PMCID: PMC6988113 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells have critical roles in long-term pathogen and tumor immune surveillance in the liver. We investigate the role of autophagy in equipping human memory T cells to acquire tissue residence and maintain functionality in the immunosuppressive liver environment. By performing ex vivo staining of freshly isolated cells from human liver tissue, we find that an increased rate of basal autophagy is a hallmark of intrahepatic lymphocytes, particularly liver-resident CD8+ T cells. CD8+ T cells with increased autophagy are those best able to proliferate and mediate cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Conversely, blocking autophagy induction results in the accumulation of depolarized mitochondria, a feature of exhausted T cells. Primary hepatic stellate cells or the prototypic hepatic cytokine interleukin (IL)-15 induce autophagy in parallel with tissue-homing/retention markers. Inhibition of T cell autophagy abrogates tissue-residence programming. Thus, upregulation of autophagy adapts CD8+ T cells to combat mitochondrial depolarization, optimize functionality, and acquire tissue residence. An increased rate of basal autophagy is a hallmark of liver-resident CD8+ T cells Enhanced T cell autophagy can be imprinted by IL-15 or hepatic stellate cells Autophagy induction is required for tissue-residence programming in vitro Enhanced autophagy maintains TRM mitochondrial fitness in the liver
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Swadling
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Laura J Pallett
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mariana O Diniz
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Josephine M Baker
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver E Amin
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kerstin A Stegmann
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alice R Burton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nathalie M Schmidt
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Jeffery-Smith
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK
| | - Nekisa Zakeri
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Farid Froghi
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Fusai
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - William M Rosenberg
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Brian R Davidson
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Schurich
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; Department of Infectious Diseases, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - A Katharina Simon
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mala K Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
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15
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Deretic V. Autophagy in inflammation, infection, and immunometabolism. Immunity 2021; 54:437-453. [PMID: 33691134 PMCID: PMC8026106 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a quality-control, metabolic, and innate immunity process. Normative autophagy affects many cell types, including hematopoietic as well as non-hematopoietic, and promotes health in model organisms and humans. When autophagy is perturbed, this has repercussions on diseases with inflammatory components, including infections, autoimmunity and cancer, metabolic disorders, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular and liver diseases. As a cytoplasmic degradative pathway, autophagy protects from exogenous hazards, including infection, and from endogenous sources of inflammation, including molecular aggregates and damaged organelles. The focus of this review is on the role of autophagy in inflammation, including type I interferon responses and inflammasome outputs, from molecules to immune cells. A special emphasis is given to the intersections of autophagy with innate immunity, immunometabolism, and functions of organelles such as mitochondria and lysosomes that act as innate immunity and immunometabolic signaling platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism (AIM) Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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16
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Zhang S, Zhao J, Bai X, Handley M, Shan F. Biological effects of IL-15 on immune cells and its potential for the treatment of cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 91:107318. [PMID: 33383444 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) has recently emerged as a novel immunomodulatory cytokine in cancer immunotherapy. IL-15 has the potential to reject and destroy cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment by expanding and activating natural killer (NK), natural killer T (NKT), and memory (m) CD8+T cells. Due to the feasible outcomes obtained from preclinical studies and phase 1/2 clinical trials, IL-15-based therapy, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell or CAR NK cell infusion following in vitro expansion in the presence of IL-15, used in combination with checkpoint inhibitors and other therapy may extend to clinical practice in the future. It is also important to understand the biological characteristics of IL-15 to ensure the maximal benefit of therapeutic strategies. Here, we summarize the current development of IL-15 in the following areas: anti-tumor mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment, advances in IL-15-based therapy itself or in combination with other methods, including biological agents, monoclonal antibodies, and adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jianzhu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Mike Handley
- Cytocm lnc, 3001 Aloma Ave, Winter Park, FL 32792, USA
| | - Fengping Shan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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17
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Pesce M, Ballerini P, Paolucci T, Puca I, Farzaei MH, Patruno A. Irisin and Autophagy: First Update. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207587. [PMID: 33066678 PMCID: PMC7588919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and sedentary life style are considered independent risk factors for many disorders. Under these conditions, accumulation of dysfunctional and damaged cellular proteins and organelles occurs, resulting in a cellular degeneration and cell death. Autophagy is a conserved recycling pathway responsible for the degradation, then turnover of cellular proteins and organelles. This process is a part of the molecular underpinnings by which exercise promotes healthy aging and mitigate age-related pathologies. Irisin is a myokine released during physical activity and acts as a link between muscles and other tissues and organs. Its main beneficial function is the change of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue into brown adipose tissue, with a consequential increase in thermogenesis. Irisin modulates metabolic processes, acting on glucose homeostasis, reduces systemic inflammation, maintains the balance between resorption and bone formation, and regulates the functioning of the nervous system. Recently, some of its pleiotropic and favorable properties have been attributed to autophagy induction, posing irisin as an important regulator of autophagy by exercise. This review article proposes to bring together for the first time the "state of the art" knowledge regarding the effects of irisin and autophagy. Furthermore, treatments on relation between exercise/myokines and autophagy have been also achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Teresa Paolucci
- Department of Oral, Medical and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Iris Puca
- Sport Academy SSD, 65010 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 67146 Kermanshah, Iran;
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.P.); (A.P.)
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18
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Raynor JL, Liu C, Dhungana Y, Guy C, Chapman NM, Shi H, Neale G, Sesaki H, Chi H. Hippo/Mst signaling coordinates cellular quiescence with terminal maturation in iNKT cell development and fate decisions. J Exp Med 2020; 217:e20191157. [PMID: 32289155 PMCID: PMC7971129 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells acquire effector functions during development by mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the Hippo kinases Mst1 and Mst2 act as molecular rheostats for the terminal maturation and effector differentiation programs of iNKT cells. Loss of Mst1 alone or together with Mst2 impedes iNKT cell development, associated with defective IL-15-dependent cell survival. Mechanistically, Mst1 enforces iNKT cellular and transcriptional quiescence associated with maturation and commitment to iNKT1 cells by suppressing proliferation and Opa1-related mitochondrial metabolism that are dynamically regulated during iNKT cell development. Furthermore, Mst1 shapes the reciprocal fate decisions between iNKT1 and iNKT17 effector cells, which respectively depend upon mitochondrial dynamics and ICOS-mTORC2 signaling. Collectively, these findings establish Mst1 as a crucial regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis and quiescence in iNKT cell development and effector lineage differentiation and highlight that establishment of quiescence programs underlies iNKT cell development and effector maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana L. Raynor
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Yogesh Dhungana
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Cliff Guy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Nicole M. Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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19
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Bhatia D, Chung KP, Nakahira K, Patino E, Rice MC, Torres LK, Muthukumar T, Choi AM, Akchurin OM, Choi ME. Mitophagy-dependent macrophage reprogramming protects against kidney fibrosis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:132826. [PMID: 31639106 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy, by maintaining mitochondrial quality control, plays a key role in maintaining kidney function and is impaired in pathologic states. Macrophages are well known for their pathogenic role in kidney fibrosis. Here, we report that PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in macrophages is compromised in experimental and human kidney fibrosis. We demonstrate downregulation of mitophagy regulators mitofusin-2 (MFN2) and Parkin downstream of PINK1 in kidney fibrosis. Loss of either Pink1 or Prkn promoted renal extracellular matrix accumulation and frequency of profibrotic/M2 macrophages. Pink1-/- or Prkn-/- BM-derived macrophages (BMDMs) showed enhanced expression of rictor. Mitochondria from TGF-β1-treated Pink1-/- BMDMs exhibited increased superoxide levels, along with reduced respiration and ATP production. In addition, mitophagy in macrophages involves PINK1-mediated phosphorylation of downstream MFN2, MFN2-facilitated recruitment of Parkin to damaged mitochondria, and macrophage-specific deletion of Mfn2 aggravates kidney fibrosis. Moreover, mitophagy regulators were downregulated in human CKD kidney and TGF-β1-treated human renal macrophages, whereas Mdivi1 treatment suppressed mitophagy mediators and promoted fibrotic response. Taken together, our study is the first to our knowledge to demonstrate that macrophage mitophagy plays a protective role against kidney fibrosis via regulating the PINK1/MFN2/Parkin-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuei-Pin Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kiichi Nakahira
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa K Torres
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thangamani Muthukumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and.,NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Augustine Mk Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Oleh M Akchurin
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary E Choi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and.,NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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20
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Zhu L, Li Y, Xie X, Zhou X, Gu M, Jie Z, Ko CJ, Gao T, Hernandez BE, Cheng X, Sun SC. TBKBP1 and TBK1 form a growth factor signalling axis mediating immunosuppression and tumourigenesis. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1604-1614. [PMID: 31792381 PMCID: PMC6901116 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The kinase TBK1 responds to microbial stimuli and mediates type I interferon (IFN-I) induction. We show that TBK1 is also a central mediator of growth factor signaling; this function relies on a specific adaptor, TBK-binding protein 1 (TBKBP1). TBKBP1 recruits TBK1 to PKCθ via a scaffold protein, Card10, which allows PKCθ to phosphorylate TBK1 at serine-716, a crucial step for TBK1 activation by growth factors but not by innate immune stimuli. While the TBK1/TBKBP1 signaling axis is dispensable for IFN-I induction, it mediates mTORC1 activation and oncogenesis. Lung epithelial cell-conditional deletion of either TBK1 or TBKBP1 inhibits tumorigenesis in a mouse model of lung cancer. In addition to promoting tumor growth, the TBK1/TBKBP1 axis facilitates tumor-mediated immunosuppression by a mechanism involving induction of the checkpoint molecule PD-L1 and stimulation of glycolysis. These findings suggest a PKCθ-TBKBP1-TBK1 growth factor signaling axis mediating both tumor growth and immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Zhu
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanchuan Li
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meidi Gu
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zuliang Jie
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chun-Jung Ko
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tianxiao Gao
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Blanca E Hernandez
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuhong Cheng
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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21
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Saul VV, Seibert M, Krüger M, Jeratsch S, Kracht M, Schmitz ML. ULK1/2 Restricts the Formation of Inducible SINT-Speckles, Membraneless Organelles Controlling the Threshold of TBK1 Activation. iScience 2019; 19:527-544. [PMID: 31442668 PMCID: PMC6710720 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Membraneless organelles (MLOs) are liquid-like subcellular compartments providing spatiotemporal control to biological processes. This study reveals that cellular stress leads to the incorporation of the adaptor protein SINTBAD (TBKBP1) into membraneless, cytosolic speckles. Determination of the interactome identified >100 proteins forming constitutive and stress-inducible members of an MLO that we termed SINT-speckles. SINT-speckles partially colocalize with activated TBK1, and deletion of SINTBAD and the SINT-speckle component AZI2 leads to impaired TBK1 phosphorylation. Dynamic formation of SINT-speckles is positively controlled by the acetyltransferase KAT2A (GCN5) and antagonized by heat shock protein-mediated chaperone activity. SINT-speckle formation is also inhibited by the autophagy-initiating kinases ULK1/2, and knockdown of these kinases prevented focal TBK1 phosphorylation in a pathway-specific manner. The phlebovirus-encoded non-structural protein S enhances ULK1-mediated TBK1 phosphorylation and shows a stress-induced translocation to SINT-speckles, raising the possibility that viruses can also target this signaling hub to manipulate host cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Vivian Saul
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrichstrasse 24, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research
| | - Markus Seibert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrichstrasse 24, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sylvia Jeratsch
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michael Kracht
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research
| | - Michael Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrichstrasse 24, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research.
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22
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Therapeutic Modulation of Autophagy in Leukaemia and Lymphoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020103. [PMID: 30704144 PMCID: PMC6406467 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematopoiesis is a tightly orchestrated process where a pool of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with high self-renewal potential can give rise to both lymphoid and myeloid lineages. The HSPCs pool is reduced with ageing resulting in few HSPC clones maintaining haematopoiesis thereby reducing blood cell diversity, a phenomenon called clonal haematopoiesis. Clonal expansion of HSPCs carrying specific genetic mutations leads to increased risk for haematological malignancies. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that hematopoietic tumours develop in higher frequency in elderly people. Unfortunately, elderly patients with leukaemia or lymphoma still have an unsatisfactory prognosis compared to younger ones highlighting the need to develop more efficient therapies for this group of patients. Growing evidence indicates that macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is essential for health and longevity. This review is focusing on the role of autophagy in normal haematopoiesis as well as in leukaemia and lymphoma development. Attenuated autophagy may support early hematopoietic neoplasia whereas activation of autophagy in later stages of tumour development and in response to a variety of therapies rather triggers a pro-tumoral response. Novel insights into the role of autophagy in haematopoiesis will be discussed in light of designing new autophagy modulating therapies in hematopoietic cancers.
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23
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Tu Y, Pan M, Song S, Hua J, Liu R, Li L. CD3 +CD56 + natural killer T cell infiltration is increased in cervical cancer and negatively correlated with tumour progression. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1669489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Tu
- Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Mei Pan
- Department of Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Shuhong Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jishui People's Hospital, Ji'an, PR China
| | - Jinren Hua
- Department of Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Rongfang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Longyu Li
- Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, PR China
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24
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Iida T, Yokoyama Y, Wagatsuma K, Hirayama D, Nakase H. Impact of Autophagy of Innate Immune Cells on Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cells 2018; 8:cells8010007. [PMID: 30583538 PMCID: PMC6356773 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, an intracellular degradation mechanism, has many immunological functions and is a constitutive process necessary for maintaining cellular homeostasis and organ structure. One of the functions of autophagy is to control the innate immune response. Many studies conducted in recent years have revealed the contribution of autophagy to the innate immune response, and relationships between this process and various diseases have been reported. Inflammatory bowel disease is an intractable disorder with unknown etiology; however, immunological abnormalities in the intestines are known to be involved in the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease, as is dysfunction of autophagy. In Crohn's disease, many associations with autophagy-related genes, such as ATG16L1, IRGM, NOD2, and others, have been reported. Abnormalities in the ATG16L1 gene, in particular, have been reported to cause autophagic dysfunction, resulting in enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages as well as abnormal function of Paneth cells, which are important in intestinal innate immunity. In this review, we provide an overview of the autophagy mechanism in innate immune cells in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Iida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Kohei Wagatsuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Hirayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
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25
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Yang G, Driver JP, Van Kaer L. The Role of Autophagy in iNKT Cell Development. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2653. [PMID: 30487800 PMCID: PMC6246678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate-like T cells that express an invariant T cell receptor (TCR) α-chain and recognize self and foreign glycolipid antigens. They can rapidly respond to agonist activation and stimulate an extensive array of immune responses. Thymic development and function of iNKT cells are regulated by many different cellular processes, including autophagy, a self-degradation mechanism. In this mini review, we discuss the current understanding of how autophagy regulates iNKT cell development and effector lineage differentiation. Importantly, we propose that iNKT cell development is tightly controlled by metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John P Driver
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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