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Wang Y, Huang X, Luo G, Xu Y, Deng X, Lin Y, Wang Z, Zhou S, Wang S, Chen H, Tao T, He L, Yang L, Yang L, Chen Y, Jin Z, He C, Han Z, Zhang X. The aging lung: microenvironment, mechanisms, and diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1383503. [PMID: 38756780 PMCID: PMC11096524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
With the development of global social economy and the deepening of the aging population, diseases related to aging have received increasing attention. The pathogenesis of many respiratory diseases remains unclear, and lung aging is an independent risk factor for respiratory diseases. The aging mechanism of the lung may be involved in the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases. Aging-induced immune, oxidative stress, inflammation, and telomere changes can directly induce and promote the occurrence and development of lung aging. Meanwhile, the occurrence of lung aging also further aggravates the immune stress and inflammatory response of respiratory diseases; the two mutually affect each other and promote the development of respiratory diseases. Explaining the mechanism and treatment direction of these respiratory diseases from the perspective of lung aging will be a new idea and research field. This review summarizes the changes in pulmonary microenvironment, metabolic mechanisms, and the progression of respiratory diseases associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Wang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences (Sichuan Second Hospital of T.C.M), Chengdu, China
| | - Xuewen Huang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guofeng Luo
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunying Xu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiqian Deng
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumeng Lin
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhanzhan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shuwei Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences (Sichuan Second Hospital of T.C.M), Chengdu, China
| | - Lei He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences (Sichuan Second Hospital of T.C.M), Chengdu, China
| | - Luchuan Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences (Sichuan Second Hospital of T.C.M), Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences (Sichuan Second Hospital of T.C.M), Chengdu, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Rehabilitation, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengshi He
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongyu Han
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine Center, Sichuan Province People’s Hospital University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Gee K, Yendamuri S. Lung cancer in females-sex-based differences from males in epidemiology, biology, and outcomes: a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2024; 13:163-178. [PMID: 38405003 PMCID: PMC10891406 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective The role of biological sex is seldom considered in characterizing lung cancer, the deadliest cancer in both the United States and the world. Lung cancer has traditionally been regarded as a male disease; as such, research in female-specific phenomena is frequently conflicting or absent. Currently, disparities in lung cancer incidence are primarily driven by females, especially non-smokers and those of younger age. This narrative review provides insight into sex-specific characteristics of lung cancer, highlighting risk factors, diagnosis patterns, carcinogenesis, and treatment outcomes in females. Methods The PubMed database was searched on July 26, 2023 to identify research published between 2013 and 2023 in English. Sixty-three articles were considered relevant, and their full texts and citations were studied to compile information for this narrative review. Key Content and Findings Exposure-related risk factors, including personal tobacco use, are thought to impact female lung cancer risk more profoundly. However, studies on occupational exposures are underpowered to conclude risk in females. Data characterizing the effect of endogenous and exogenous hormonal exposures on female lung cancer risk remain two-sided. Screening guidelines are tailored to white males, exacerbating sex and race disparities. The effect of biological sex on carcinogenesis and the immune system response to cancer is not fully understood, though the female immune system clearly reacts more aggressively to lung cancer. In early-stage disease, females have greater survival in the perioperative setting and during follow-up of several years, attributed to favorable histopathology and healthier baseline status. Sex-specific response to systemic treatment continues to be optimized as lack of standardization in randomized trials makes interpreting results difficult when aggregated. Conclusions Biological sex plays a critical role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), though further study is needed to depict the complex web of factors that affect lung cancer risk, development, and outcomes. Female underrepresentation in studies has contributed to this lack of understanding. As these disparities are eliminated, we can move towards more effective treatment for both sexes in this pervasive yet deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylan Gee
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Sai Yendamuri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Han WJ, He P. A novel tumor microenvironment-related gene signature with immune features for prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:13137-13154. [PMID: 37479755 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is an aggressive subset of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the development of LUSC. We aim to identify potential therapeutic targets and a TME-related prognostic signature and for LUSC. METHODS TME-related genes were obtained from TCGA-LUSC dataset. LUSC samples were clustered by the non-negative matrix clustering algorithm (NMF). The prognostic signature was constructed through univariate Cox regression, multivariate Cox regression, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was carried out to explore the enrichment pathways. RESULTS This study constructed a prognostic signature which contained 12 genes: HHIPL2, PLK4, SLC6A4, LSM1, TSLP, P4HA1, AMH, CLDN5, NRTN, CDH2, PTGIS, and STX1A. Patients were classified into high-risk and low-risk groups according to the median risk score of this signature. Compared with low-risk group patients, patients in high-risk group patients had poorer overall survival, which demonstrated this signature was an independent prognostic factor. Besides, correlation analysis and GSEA results revealed that genes of this signature were correlated with immune cells and drug response. CONCLUSION Our novel signature based on 12 TME-related genes might be applied as an independent prognostic indicator. Importantly, the signature could be a promising biomarker and accurately predict the prognosis of LUSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Jia Han
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Sichuan Second Hospital of TCM, Chengdu, China.
| | - Pengzhi He
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Second Hospital of TCM, Chengdu, China
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Inoue C, Miki Y, Suzuki T. New Perspectives on Sex Steroid Hormones Signaling in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3620. [PMID: 37509283 PMCID: PMC10377312 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of sex hormones, especially estrogen, in the pathogenesis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has attracted attention due to its high incidence among young adults and nonsmokers, especially those who are female. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) reside in the cancer stroma and influence cancer growth, invasion, metastasis, and acquisition of drug resistance through interactions with cancer cells and other microenvironmental components. Hormone-mediated cell-cell interactions are classic cell-cell interactions and well-known phenomena in breast cancer and prostate cancer CAFs. In cancers of other organs, including NSCLC, the effects of CAFs on hormone-receptor expression and hormone production in cancer tissues have been reported; however, there are few such studies. Many more studies have been performed on breast and prostate cancers. Recent advances in technology, particularly single-cell analysis techniques, have led to significant advances in the classification and function of CAFs. However, the importance of sex hormones in cell-cell interactions of CAFs in NSCLC remains unclear. This review summarizes reports on CAFs in NSCLC and sex hormones in cancer and immune cells surrounding CAFs. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects of sex-hormone research involving CAFs in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Inoue
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Chioma OS, Mallott E, Shah-Gandhi B, Wiggins Z, Langford M, Lancaster AW, Gelbard A, Wu H, Johnson JE, Lancaster L, Wilfong EM, Crofford LJ, Montgomery CG, Van Kaer L, Bordenstein S, Newcomb DC, Drake WP. Low Gut Microbial Diversity Augments Estrogen-Driven Pulmonary Fibrosis in Female-Predominant Interstitial Lung Disease. Cells 2023; 12:766. [PMID: 36899902 PMCID: PMC10000459 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although profibrotic cytokines, such as IL-17A and TGF-β1, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease (ILD), the interactions between gut dysbiosis, gonadotrophic hormones and molecular mediators of profibrotic cytokine expression, such as the phosphorylation of STAT3, have not been defined. Here, through chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis of primary human CD4+ T cells, we show that regions within the STAT3 locus are significantly enriched for binding by the transcription factor estrogen receptor alpha (ERa). Using the murine model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we found significantly increased regulatory T cells compared to Th17 cells in the female lung. The genetic absence of ESR1 or ovariectomy in mice significantly increased pSTAT3 and IL-17A expression in pulmonary CD4+ T cells, which was reduced after the repletion of female hormones. Remarkably, there was no significant reduction in lung fibrosis under either condition, suggesting that factors outside of ovarian hormones also contribute. An assessment of lung fibrosis among menstruating females in different rearing environments revealed that environments favoring gut dysbiosis augment fibrosis. Furthermore, hormone repletion following ovariectomy further augmented lung fibrosis, suggesting pathologic interactions between gonadal hormones and gut microbiota in relation to lung fibrosis severity. An analysis of female sarcoidosis patients revealed a significant reduction in pSTAT3 and IL-17A levels and a concomitant increase in TGF-β1 levels in CD4+ T cells compared to male sarcoidosis patients. These studies reveal that estrogen is profibrotic in females and that gut dysbiosis in menstruating females augments lung fibrosis severity, supporting a critical interaction between gonadal hormones and gut flora in lung fibrosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozioma S. Chioma
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mallott
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Binal Shah-Gandhi
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - ZaDarreyal Wiggins
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Madison Langford
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Alexander Gelbard
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joyce E. Johnson
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lisa Lancaster
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Erin M. Wilfong
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leslie J. Crofford
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Courtney G. Montgomery
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Seth Bordenstein
- Department of Biology and Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, College Station, PA 16801, USA
| | - Dawn C. Newcomb
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wonder Puryear Drake
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Karimi N, Moghaddam SJ. KRAS-Mutant Lung Cancer: Targeting Molecular and Immunologic Pathways, Therapeutic Advantages and Restrictions. Cells 2023; 12:749. [PMID: 36899885 PMCID: PMC10001046 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RAS mutations are among the most common oncogenic mutations in human cancers. Among RAS mutations, KRAS has the highest frequency and is present in almost 30% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Lung cancer is the number one cause of mortality among cancers as a consequence of outrageous aggressiveness and late diagnosis. High mortality rates have been the reason behind numerous investigations and clinical trials to discover proper therapeutic agents targeting KRAS. These approaches include the following: direct KRAS targeting; synthetic lethality partner inhibitors; targeting of KRAS membrane association and associated metabolic rewiring; autophagy inhibitors; downstream inhibitors; and immunotherapies and other immune-modalities such as modulating inflammatory signaling transcription factors (e.g., STAT3). The majority of these have unfortunately encountered limited therapeutic outcomes due to multiple restrictive mechanisms including the presence of co-mutations. In this review we plan to summarize the past and most recent therapies under investigation, along with their therapeutic success rate and potential restrictions. This will provide useful information to improve the design of novel agents for treatment of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Karimi
- Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34899, Turkey
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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7
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Chioma OS, Mallott E, Shah-Gandhi B, Wiggins Z, Langford M, Lancaster AW, Gelbard A, Wu H, Johnson JE, Lancaster L, Wilfong EM, Crofford LJ, Montgomery CG, Van Kaer L, Bordenstein S, Newcomb DC, Drake WP. Low Gut Microbial Diversity Augments Estrogen-driven Pulmonary Fibrosis in Female-Predominant Interstitial Lung Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.15.528630. [PMID: 36824732 PMCID: PMC9948999 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Although profibrotic cytokines such as IL-17A and TGF-β1 have been implicated in interstitial lung disease (ILD) pathogenesis, interactions between gut dysbiosis, gonadotrophic hormones and molecular mediators of profibrotic cytokine expression, such as phosphorylation of STAT3, have not been defined. Here we show by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis of primary human CD4+ T cells that regions within the STAT3 locus are significantly enriched for binding by the transcription factor estrogen receptor alpha (ERa). Using the murine model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we found significantly increased regulatory T cells compared to Th17 cells in the female lung. Genetic absence of ESR1 or ovariectomy in mice significantly increased pSTAT3 and IL-17A expression in pulmonary CD4+ T cells, which was reduced after repletion of female hormones. Remarkably, there was no significant reduction in lung fibrosis under either condition, suggesting that factors outside of ovarian hormones also contribute. Assessment of lung fibrosis among menstruating females in different rearing environments revealed that environments favoring gut dysbiosis augment fibrosis. Furthermore, hormone repletion following ovariectomy further augmented lung fibrosis, suggesting pathologic interactions between gonadal hormones and gut microbiota on lung fibrosis severity. Analysis in female sarcoidosis patients revealed a significant reduction in pSTAT3 and IL-17A levels and a concomitant increase in TGF-β1 levels in CD4+ T cells, compared to male sarcoidosis patients. These studies reveal that estrogen is profibrotic in females and that gut dysbiosis in menstruating females augments lung fibrosis severity, supporting a critical interaction between gonadal hormones and gut flora in lung fibrosis pathogenesis.
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Systems level analysis of sex-dependent gene expression changes in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:8. [PMID: 36681675 PMCID: PMC9867746 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous disorder, and among the factors which influence the symptom profile, biological sex has been reported to play a significant role. While males have a higher age-adjusted disease incidence and are more frequently affected by muscle rigidity, females present more often with disabling tremors. The molecular mechanisms involved in these differences are still largely unknown, and an improved understanding of the relevant factors may open new avenues for pharmacological disease modification. To help address this challenge, we conducted a meta-analysis of disease-associated molecular sex differences in brain transcriptomics data from case/control studies. Both sex-specific (alteration in only one sex) and sex-dimorphic changes (changes in both sexes, but with opposite direction) were identified. Using further systems level pathway and network analyses, coordinated sex-related alterations were studied. These analyses revealed significant disease-associated sex differences in mitochondrial pathways and highlight specific regulatory factors whose activity changes can explain downstream network alterations, propagated through gene regulatory cascades. Single-cell expression data analyses confirmed the main pathway-level changes observed in bulk transcriptomics data. Overall, our analyses revealed significant sex disparities in PD-associated transcriptomic changes, resulting in coordinated modulations of molecular processes. Among the regulatory factors involved, NR4A2 has already been reported to harbor rare mutations in familial PD and its pharmacological activation confers neuroprotective effects in toxin-induced models of Parkinsonism. Our observations suggest that NR4A2 may warrant further research as a potential adjuvant therapeutic target to address a subset of pathological molecular features of PD that display sex-associated profiles.
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Xu J, Xiong Y, Xu Z, Xing H, Zhou L, Zhang X. From targeted therapy to a novel way: Immunogenic cell death in lung cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1102550. [PMID: 36619616 PMCID: PMC9816397 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most incident malignancies and a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Common tumorigenic drivers of LC mainly include genetic alterations of EGFR, ALK, KRAS, BRAF, ROS1, and MET. Small inhibitory molecules and antibodies selectively targeting these alterations or/and their downstream signaling pathways have been approved for treatment of LC. Unfortunately, following initial positive responses to these targeted therapies, a large number of patients show dismal prognosis due to the occurrence of resistance mechanisms, such as novel mutations of these genes and activation of alternative signaling pathways. Over the past decade, it has become clear that there is no possible cure for LC unless potent antitumor immune responses are induced by therapeutic intervention. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a newly emerged concept, a form of regulated cell death that is sufficient to activate adaptive immune responses against tumor cells. It transforms dying cancer cells into a therapeutic vaccine and stimulates long-lasting protective antitumor immunity. In this review, we discuss the key targetable genetic aberrations and the underlying mechanism of ICD in LC. Various agents inducing ICD are summarized and the possibility of harnessing ICD in LC immunotherapy is further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiyi Xiong
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongquan Xing
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- International Education College, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Lingyun Zhou,
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Xinyi Zhang,
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Song Q, Song B, Li X, Wang B, Li Y, Chen W, Wang Z, Wang X, Yu Y, Min X, Ma D. A CT-based nomogram for predicting the risk of adenocarcinomas in patients with subsolid nodule according to the 2021 WHO classification. Cancer Imaging 2022; 22:46. [PMID: 36064495 PMCID: PMC9446567 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-022-00483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To establish a nomogram for predicting the risk of adenocarcinomas in patients with subsolid nodules (SSNs) according to the 2021 WHO classification. Methods A total of 656 patients who underwent SSNs resection were retrospectively enrolled. Among them, 407 patients were assigned to the derivation cohort and 249 patients were assigned to the validation cohort. Univariate and multi-variate logistic regression algorithms were utilized to identity independent risk factors of adenocarcinomas. A nomogram based on the risk factors was generated to predict the risk of adenocarcinomas. The discrimination ability of the nomogram was evaluated using the concordance index (C-index), its performance was calibrated using a calibration curve, and its clinical significance was evaluated using decision curves and clinical impact curves. Results Lesion size, mean CT value, vascular change and lobulation were identified as independent risk factors for adenocarcinomas. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.867 (95% CI, 0.833-0.901) in derivation cohort and 0.877 (95% CI, 0.836-0.917) in validation cohort. The calibration curve showed good agreement between the predicted and actual risks. Analysis of the decision curves and clinical impact curves revealed that the nomogram had a high standardized net benefit. Conclusions A nomogram for predicting the risk of adenocarcinomas in patients with SSNs was established in light of the 2021 WHO classification. The developed model can be adopted as a pre-operation tool to improve the surgical management of patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40644-022-00483-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Song
- Department of Radiology, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, China.,Clinical College of Chest, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Biao Song
- Department of Radiology, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, China.,Clinical College of Chest, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohu Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Radiology, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- Department of Radiology, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Xuhong Min
- Department of Radiology, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, China. .,Clinical College of Chest, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Dongchun Ma
- Clinical College of Chest, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, China.
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Hassane M, Rahal Z, Karaoghlanian N, Zhang J, Sinjab A, Wong JW, Lu W, Scheet P, Lee JJ, Raso MG, Solis LM, Fujimoto J, Chami H, Shihadeh AL, Kadara H. Chronic Exposure to Waterpipe Smoke Elicits Immunomodulatory and Carcinogenic Effects in the Lung. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:423-434. [PMID: 35468191 PMCID: PMC9256796 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-21-0610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Effects of waterpipe smoking on lung pathobiology and carcinogenesis remain sparse despite the worldwide emergence of this tobacco vector. To address this gap, we investigated the effects of chronic waterpipe smoke (WPS) exposure on lung pathobiology, host immunity, and tumorigenesis using an experimental animal model that is prone to tobacco carcinogens and an exploratory observational analysis of human waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers. Mice exhibited elevated incidence of lung tumors following heavy WPS exposure (5 days/week for 20 weeks) compared to littermates with light WPS (once/week for 20 weeks) or control air. Lungs of mice exposed to heavy WPS showed augmented CD8+ and CD4+ T cell counts along with elevated protumor immune phenotypes including increased IL17A in T/B cells, PD-L1 on tumor and immune cells, and the proinflammatory cytokine IL1β in myeloid cells. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed reduced antitumor immune gene signatures in animals exposed to heavy WPS relative to control air. We also performed RNA-seq analysis of airway epithelia from bronchial brushings of cancer-free waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. Transcriptomes of normal airway cells in waterpipe smokers, relative to waterpipe nonsmokers, harbored gene programs that were associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, alluding to a WPS-associated molecular injury, like that established in response to cigarette smoking. Our findings support the notion that WPS exhibits carcinogenic effects and constitutes a possible risk factor for lung cancer as well as warrant future studies that can guide evidence-based policies for mitigating waterpipe smoking. PREVENTION RELEVANCE Potential carcinogenic effects of waterpipe smoking are very poorly understood despite its emergence as a socially acceptable form of smoking. Our work highlights carcinogenic effects of waterpipe smoking in the lung and, thus, accentuate the need for inclusion of individuals with exclusive waterpipe smoking in prevention and smoking cessation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Hassane
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zahraa Rahal
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ansam Sinjab
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Justin W. Wong
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paul Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - J. Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maria Gabriela Raso
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Luisa M Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hassan Chami
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,School of Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan L. Shihadeh
- Faculty of Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Correspondence to Humam Kadara, PhD, Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA, Telephone: 713-745-9396,
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12
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Thorenoor N, Floros J. The Lung Alveolar Cell (LAC) miRNome and Gene Expression Profile of the SP-A-KO Mice After Infection With and Without Rescue With Human Surfactant Protein-A2 (1A0). Front Immunol 2022; 13:854434. [PMID: 35844510 PMCID: PMC9283764 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.854434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human surfactant protein (SP)-A1 and SP-A2 exhibit differential qualitative and quantitative effects on the alveolar macrophage (AM), including a differential impact on the AM miRNome. Moreover, SP-A rescue (treatment) of SP-A-knockout (KO) infected mice impoves survival. Here, we studied for the first time the role of exogenous SP-A protein treatment on the regulation of lung alveolar cell (LAC) miRNome, the miRNA-RNA targets, and gene expression of SP-A-KO infected mice of both sexes. Toward this, SP-A-KO mice of both sexes were infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae, and half of them were also treated with SP-A2 (1A0). After 6 h of infection/SP-A treatment, the expression levels and pathways of LAC miRNAs, genes, and target miRNA-mRNAs were studied in both groups. We found 1) significant differences in the LAC miRNome, genes, and miRNA-mRNA targets in terms of sex, infection, and infection plus SP-A2 (1A0) protein rescue; 2) an increase in the majority of miRNA-mRNA targets in both study groups in KO male vs. female mice and involvement of the miRNA-mRNA targets in pathways of inflammation, antiapoptosis, and cell cycle; 3) genes with significant changes to be involved in TP-53, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and cell cycle signaling nodes; 4) when significant changes in the expression of molecules from all analyses (miRNAs, miRNA-mRNA targets, and genes) were considered, two signaling pathways, the TNF and cell cycle, referred to as “integrated pathways” were shown to be significant; 5) the cell cycle pathway to be present in all comparisons made. Because SP-A could be used therapeutically in pulmonary diseases, it is important to understand the molecules and pathways involved in response to an SP-A acute treatment. The information obtained contributes to this end and may help to gain insight especially in the case of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithyananda Thorenoor
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Joanna Floros
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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13
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Yuan B, Clowers MJ, Velasco WV, Peng S, Peng Q, Shi Y, Ramos-Castaneda M, Zarghooni M, Yang S, Babcock RL, Chang SH, Heymach JV, Zhang J, Ostrin EJ, Watowich SS, Kadara H, Moghaddam SJ. Targeting IL-1β as an immune preventive and therapeutic modality for K-ras mutant lung cancer. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157788. [PMID: 35471938 PMCID: PMC9220853 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
K-ras–mutant lung adenocarcinoma (KM-LUAD) is associated with abysmal prognosis and is tightly linked to tumor-promoting inflammation. A human mAb, canakinumab, targeting the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, significantly decreased the risk of lung cancer in the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study. Interestingly, we found high levels of IL-1β in the lungs of mice with K-rasG12D–mutant tumors (CC-LR mice). Here, we blocked IL-1β using an anti–IL-1β mAb in cohorts of 6- or 14-week-old CC-LR mice to explore its preventive and therapeutic effect, respectively. IL-1β blockade significantly reduced lung tumor burden, which was associated with reprogramming of the lung microenvironment toward an antitumor phenotype characterized by increased infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (with high IFN-γ and granzyme B expression but low programmed cell death 1 [PD-1] expression) while suppressing neutrophils and polymorphonuclear (PMN) myeloid-derived suppressor cells. When querying the Cancer Genome Atlas data set, we found positive correlations between IL1B expression and infiltration of immunosuppressive PMNs and expression of their chemoattractant, CXCL1, and PDCD1 expressions in patients with KM-LUAD. Our data provide evidence that IL-1β blockade may be a preventive strategy for high-risk individuals and an alternative therapeutic approach in combination with currently available treatments for KM-LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Michael J Clowers
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Walter V Velasco
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Stephen Peng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Yewen Shi
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Marco Ramos-Castaneda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Melody Zarghooni
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Shuanying Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rachel L Babcock
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Seon Hee Chang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Edwin J Ostrin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Stephanie S Watowich
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
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14
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Pantaleón García J, Kulkarni VV, Reese TC, Wali S, Wase SJ, Zhang J, Singh R, Caetano MS, Kadara H, Moghaddam S, Johnson FM, Wang J, Wang Y, Evans S. OBIF: an omics-based interaction framework to reveal molecular drivers of synergy. NAR Genom Bioinform 2022; 4:lqac028. [PMID: 35387383 PMCID: PMC8982434 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive molecule library screening may empirically identify effective combination therapies, but molecular mechanisms underlying favorable drug–drug interactions often remain unclear, precluding further rational design. In the absence of an accepted systems theory to interrogate synergistic responses, we introduce Omics-Based Interaction Framework (OBIF) to reveal molecular drivers of synergy through integration of statistical and biological interactions in synergistic biological responses. OBIF performs full factorial analysis of feature expression data from single versus dual exposures to identify molecular clusters that reveal synergy-mediating pathways, functions and regulators. As a practical demonstration, OBIF analyzed transcriptomic and proteomic data of a dyad of immunostimulatory molecules that induces synergistic protection against influenza A and revealed unanticipated NF-κB/AP-1 cooperation that is required for antiviral protection. To demonstrate generalizability, OBIF analyzed data from a diverse array of Omics platforms and experimental conditions, successfully identifying the molecular clusters driving their synergistic responses. Hence, unlike existing synergy quantification and prediction methods, OBIF is a phenotype-driven systems model that supports multiplatform interrogation of synergy mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jezreel Pantaleón García
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, HoustonTX 77030, USA
| | - Vikram V Kulkarni
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, HoustonTX 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tanner C Reese
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, HoustonTX 77030, USA
- Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Shradha Wali
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, HoustonTX 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Saima J Wase
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, HoustonTX 77030, USA
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ratnakar Singh
- Department of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Mauricio S Caetano
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, HoustonTX 77030, USA
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, HoustonTX 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Faye M Johnson
- Department of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongxing Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, HoustonTX 77030, USA
| | - Scott E Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, HoustonTX 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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15
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Zhang Y, Huo L, Wei Z, Tang Q, Sui H. Hotspots and Frontiers in Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment Research: A Scientometric and Visualization Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:862585. [PMID: 35370647 PMCID: PMC8968939 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.862585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods: Articles on inflammatory tumor microenvironment were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, and the characteristics of the articles were analyzed by CiteSpace software. Background: The inflammatory tumor microenvironment is an essential feature of the tumor microenvironment. The way in which it promotes or inhibits tumor progression plays an important role in the outcome of a tumor treatment. This research aims to explore a scientific collaboration network, describe evolution of hotspots, and predict future trends through bibliometric analysis. Results: A total of 3,534 papers published by 390 institutions in 81 countries/regions were screened, and the annual quantity has been increasing rapidly in the past decades. United States was the leading country and has the most productive institutions in this field. The research topics were mainly focused on inflammation and immunity mediated by crucial factors as well as the mechanisms of angiogenesis. Additionally, the development and application of nanoparticles is currently a novel research frontier with bright prospect. Conclusion: The present scientometric study provides an overview of inflammatory tumor microenvironment research over the previous decades using quantitative and qualitative methods, and the findings of this study can provide references for researchers focusing on tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Zhang
- Medical Experiment Center, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Huo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wei
- Medical Experiment Center, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Sui
- Medical Experiment Center, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Clowers MJ, Moghaddam SJ. Cell Type-Specific Roles of STAT3 Signaling in the Pathogenesis and Progression of K-ras Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071785. [PMID: 35406557 PMCID: PMC8997152 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lung adenocarcinomas with mutations in the K-ras gene are hard to target pharmacologically and highly lethal. As a result, there is a need to identify other therapeutic targets that influence K-ras oncogenesis. One contender is STAT3, a transcription factor that is associated with K-ras mutations and aids tumor development and progression through tumor cell intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the lung epithelial and infiltrating immune cells that express STAT3, the roles of STAT3 in K-ras mutant lung adenocarcinoma, and therapies that may be able to target STAT3. Abstract Worldwide, lung cancer, particularly K-ras mutant lung adenocarcinoma (KM-LUAD), is the leading cause of cancer mortality because of its high incidence and low cure rate. To treat and prevent KM-LUAD, there is an urgent unmet need for alternative strategies targeting downstream effectors of K-ras and/or its cooperating pathways. Tumor-promoting inflammation, an enabling hallmark of cancer, strongly participates in the development and progression of KM-LUAD. However, our knowledge of the dynamic inflammatory mechanisms, immunomodulatory pathways, and cell-specific molecular signals mediating K-ras-induced lung tumorigenesis is substantially deficient. Nevertheless, within this signaling complexity, an inflammatory pathway is emerging as a druggable target: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Here, we review the cell type-specific functions of STAT3 in the pathogenesis and progression of KM-LUAD that could serve as a new target for personalized preventive and therapeutic intervention for this intractable form of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Clowers
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
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17
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Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant myeloid cells in human blood and are emerging as important regulators of cancer. However, their functional importance has often been overlooked on the basis that they are short-lived, terminally differentiated and non-proliferative. Recent studies of their prominent roles in cancer have led to a paradigm shift in our appreciation of neutrophil functional diversity. This Review describes how neutrophil diversification, which in some contexts can lead to opposing functions, is generated within the tumour microenvironment as well as systemically. We compare neutrophil heterogeneity in cancer and in other pathophysiological contexts to provide an updated overview of our current knowledge of the functions of neutrophils in cancer.
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18
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Majumder D, Sarkar C, Debnath R, Tribedi P, Maiti D. Mechanistic insight into the synergism of IL-27 and IL-28B in regulation of benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis associated ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 crosstalk. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 354:109807. [PMID: 34999049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Our previous work depicted that benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-induced lung cancer associated pulmonary redox imbalance and inflammation were effectively regulated by the combinatorial treatment of IL-27 and IL-28B. So in continuation of that finding the present study was designed to reveal the inflammation regulating signaling network modulated by IL-27 and IL-28B treatment related to BaP-induced lung cancer. METHODS Male Swiss albino mice were treated with BaP to induce lung tumor. Then they received individual as well as combinatorial treatment of IL-27 and IL-28B. At the end of the experimental schedule, the expression of NF-κB signaling proteins, the formation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex and IL-18; IL-17A expression in the lung were observed using Western blot and RT-PCR. The tissue and serum levels of some proinflammatory cytokines were also studied using ELISA. Mast cell density was also studied using toluidine blue staining procedure. RESULTS Treatment with IL-27 or IL-28B alone was successful to regulate the expression of NF-κB signaling proteins and NLRP3 complex in some cases but best attenuation was observed in animals who received both IL-27 and IL-28B in combination. In combination, it was successful in down-regulating the expression of p-ERK1/2 and in reducing the accumulation of mast cells in the lung tissue associated with BaP-induced lung carcinogenesis. The impaired PPARγ expression was also reinstated upon combination treatment. CONCLUSION Altogether, the treatment in combination with IL-27 and IL-28B is an effective regimen to attenuate the ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis associated with BaP-induced lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Majumder
- Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022 , India.
| | - Chaitali Sarkar
- Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022 , India.
| | - Rahul Debnath
- Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022 , India.
| | - Prosun Tribedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Jhinger Pole, Diamond Harbour Rd, Sarisha, West Bengal, 743368, India.
| | - Debasish Maiti
- Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022 , India.
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19
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Alhayyani S, McLeod L, West AC, Balic JJ, Hodges C, Yu L, Smith JA, Prodanovic Z, Bozinovski S, Kumar B, Ruwanpura SM, Saad MI, Jenkins BJ. Oncogenic dependency on STAT3 serine phosphorylation in KRAS mutant lung cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:809-823. [PMID: 34857889 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The oncogenic potential of the latent transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 in many human cancers, including lung cancer, has been largely attributed to its nuclear activity as a tyrosine-phosphorylated (pY705 site) transcription factor. By contrast, an alternate mitochondrial pool of serine phosphorylated (pS727 site) STAT3 has been shown to promote tumourigenesis by regulating metabolic processes, although this has been reported in only a restricted number of mutant RAS-addicted neoplasms. Therefore, the involvement of STAT3 serine phosphorylation in the pathogenesis of most cancer types, including mutant KRAS lung adenocarcinoma (LAC), is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that LAC is suppressed in oncogenic KrasG12D-driven mouse models engineered for pS727-STAT3 deficiency. The proliferative potential of the transformed KrasG12D lung epithelium, and mutant KRAS human LAC cells, was significantly reduced upon pS727-STAT3 deficiency. Notably, we uncover the multifaceted capacity of constitutive pS727-STAT3 to metabolically reprogramme LAC cells towards a hyper-proliferative state by regulating nuclear and mitochondrial (mt) gene transcription, the latter via the mtDNA transcription factor, TFAM. Collectively, our findings reveal an obligate requirement for the transcriptional activity of pS727-STAT3 in mutant KRAS-driven LAC with potential to guide future therapeutic targeting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Alhayyani
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Louise McLeod
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Alison C West
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Jesse J Balic
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Christopher Hodges
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Liang Yu
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Julian A Smith
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | | | - Steven Bozinovski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3082, Australia
| | - Beena Kumar
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Saleela M Ruwanpura
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Mohamed I Saad
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
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20
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Pinto JA, Araujo JM, Gómez HL. Sex, immunity, and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188647. [PMID: 34767966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The composition of the tumor microenvironment is the complex result of the interaction between tumoral and host factors. Since there are several differences in the regulation of gene circuits between sexes, mainly influenced by sex hormones, the tumor-host interaction presents some differences, leading tumors to evolve under different conditions. Nowadays, it is well known the existence of sexual dimorphism in the regulation of the immune system, where women present an improved immunity to various infectious agents and, on the other hand, a higher incidence of autoimmune diseases than men. In oncology, differences in cancer susceptibility, response to treatment, and clinical outcomes between men and women patients are well known. Recently, sex-specific differences have also been reported in mutations in driver genes and the prognostic value of several biomarkers. Sex has been a widely forgotten biomarker in cancer therapy, but it has recently acquired great relevance due to the different results seen in immunotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Pinto
- Escuela de Medicina Humana-Filial Ica, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Panamericana Sur Km. 305, 11004 Ica, Peru.
| | - Jhajaira M Araujo
- Centro de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, AUNA-Ideas, Guardia Civil 571, San Borja, Lima 41, Peru
| | - Henry L Gómez
- Departamento de Medicina Oncológica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Av. Angamos Este 2520, Surquillo, Lima 34, Peru
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21
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Vavalà T, Catino A, Pizzutilo P, Longo V, Galetta D. Gender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111942. [PMID: 34769372 PMCID: PMC8584562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In developed countries, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in both sexes. Although cigarette smoking represents the principal risk factor for lung cancer in females, the higher proportion of this neoplasm among non-smoking women as compared with non-smoking men implies distinctive biological aspects between the two sexes. Gender differences depend not only on genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors but also on the immune system, and all these aspects are closely interconnected. In the last few years, it has been confirmed that the immune system plays a fundamental role in cancer evolution and response to oncological treatments, specifically immunotherapy, with documented distinctions between men and women. Consequently, in order to correctly assess cancer responses and disease control, considering only age and reproductive status, the results of studies conducted in female patients would probably not categorically apply to male patients and vice versa. The aim of this article is to review recent data about gender disparities in both healthy subjects' immune system and lung cancer patients; furthermore, studies concerning gender differences in response to lung cancer immunotherapy are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Vavalà
- ASL CN1, Struttura Complessa di Oncologia, Ospedale di Savigliano, Via Ospedali 9, 12038 Savigliano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-017-2719984; Fax: +39-175-21-5668
| | - Annamaria Catino
- Thoracic Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale O. Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (P.P.); (V.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Pamela Pizzutilo
- Thoracic Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale O. Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (P.P.); (V.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Vito Longo
- Thoracic Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale O. Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (P.P.); (V.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Domenico Galetta
- Thoracic Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale O. Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (P.P.); (V.L.); (D.G.)
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Chang S, Zhu Y, Xi Y, Gao F, Lu J, Dong L, Ma C, Li H. High DSCC1 Level Predicts Poor Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:6961-6974. [PMID: 34707388 PMCID: PMC8542575 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s329482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the role of DSCC1 in LUAD. Patients and Methods Based on TCGA and GTEx, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare the expression differences of DSCC1 between the normal samples of GTEx combined TCGA and the unpaired tumor samples of TCGA, and to compare DSCC1 expression values between tumor tissues and paired normal LUAD tissues in the TCGA cohort. Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and logistics regression were used to compare the relationship between the expression of DSCC1 and the clinicopathological parameters. The biological function of DSCC1 was annotated by GSEA and ssGSEA, while Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic value of DSCC1. Furthermore, the time-dependent ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of DSCC1 in LUAD. Results We downloaded the RNA-Seq data of 513 LUAD cases. The expression of DSCC1 was significantly correlated with T stage (OR = 1.04(1.02–1.07), P = 0.002), pathological stage (OR=1.03 (1.01–1.05), P = 0.008) and TP53 status (OR=1.10 (1.07–1.14), P < 0.001). The high expression of DSCC1 was significantly correlated with DSS (HR=1.56 (1.07–2.26), P = 0.021) and OS (HR=1.53 (1.14–2.05), P = 0.004). Moreover, ROC curve analysis (AUC=0.845, CI (0.820-0.870)) indicated DSCC1 as a potential diagnostic molecule for LUAD. In the group with high DSCC1 expression phenotype, down-regulation of EGFR signal, reduction of IL-6 deprivation, cell cycle, and p53 signal pathway were significantly abundant. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the expression of DSCC1 was positively correlated with the infiltration of Th2 cells, T Helper cells. Conclusion Our results suggest that DSCC1 may be an important biomarker for the treatment of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chang
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutan Xi
- Department of Oncology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyan Gao
- Department of Oncology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Lu
- Department of Oncology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunzheng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
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23
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Zhang P, He B, Cai Q, Tu G, Peng X, Zhao Z, Peng W, Yu F, Wang M, Tao Y, Wang X. Decreased IL-6 and NK Cells in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma Presenting as Ground-Glass Opacity. Front Oncol 2021; 11:705888. [PMID: 34568032 PMCID: PMC8457009 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.705888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung ground-glass opacities (GGOs) are an early manifestation of lung adenocarcinoma. It is of great value to study the changes in the immune microenvironment of GGO to elucidate the occurrence and evolution of early lung adenocarcinoma. Although the changes of IL-6 and NK cells in lung adenocarcinoma have caught global attention, we have little appreciation for how IL-6 and NK cells in the lung GGO affect the progression of early lung adenocarcinoma. Methods We analyzed the RNA sequencing data of surgical specimens from 21 patients with GGO-featured primary lung adenocarcinoma and verified the changes in the expression of IL-6 and other important immune molecules in the TCGA and GEO databases. Next, we used flow cytometry to detect the protein expression levels of important Th1/Th2 cytokines in GGO and normal lung tissues and the changes in the composition ratio of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Then, we analyzed the effect of IL-6 on NK cells through organoid culture and immunofluorescence. Finally, we explored the changes of related molecules and pathway might be involved. Results IL-6 may play an important role in the tumor microenvironment of early lung adenocarcinoma. Further research confirmed that the decrease of IL-6 in GGO tissue is consistent with the changes in NK cells, and there seems to be a correlation between these two phenomena. Conclusion The IL-6 expression status and NK cell levels of early lung adenocarcinoma as GGO are significantly reduced, and the stimulation of IL-6 can up-regulate or activate NK cells in GGO, providing new insights into the diagnosis and pathogenesis of early lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Boxue He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qidong Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangxu Tu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weilin Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fenglei Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC), Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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24
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Abstract
Nanomedicine has demonstrated substantial potential to improve the quality and efficacy of healthcare systems. Although the promise of nanomedicine to transform conventional medicine is evident, significant numbers of therapeutic nanomedicine products have failed in clinical trials. Most studies in nanomedicine have overlooked several important factors, including the significance of sex differences at various physiological levels. This report attempts to highlight the importance of sex in nanomedicine at cellular and molecular level. A more thorough consideration of sex physiology, among other critical variations (e.g., health status of individuals), would enable researchers to design and develop safer and more-efficient sex-specific diagnostic and therapeutic nanomedicine products.
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Behrens C, Rocha P, Parra ER, Feng L, Rodriguez-Canales J, Solis LM, Mino B, Zhang J, Gibbons DL, Sepesi B, Rice D, Heymach JV, Moran C, Creighton CJ, Lee JJ, Kadara H, Wistuba II. Female Gender Predicts Augmented Immune Infiltration in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Clin Lung Cancer 2021; 22:e415-e424. [PMID: 32763065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) has been associated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clinical features underlying differential responses of patients with LUADs to immunotherapy are not well understood. Here, we analyzed the association between LUAD immune infiltration and clinicopathologic variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intratumoral CD3, CD8, and CD68 cell densities (tumor-associated immune cells [TAICs]) were immunohistochemically assessed in 146 surgically resected LUADs. LUADs were classified into 2 groups, low and high TAICs, based on the median values of cell densities for CD3, CD8, and CD68. Somatic mutation burden and driver gene mutation status were analyzed in a subset of the cases (n = 92). We statistically analyzed the association between the TAIC groups and various clinicopathologic and molecular variables by using the χ2/Fisher and Wilcoxon sum tests and multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Patient gender, tumor size, and STK11 mutations were significantly associated with TAIC levels in LUAD. Female patients exhibited significantly elevated TAIC levels (P = .005) compared with male patients. Tumor size was inversely associated with TAIC levels (P = .012). STK11 mutated tumors were associated with lower TAICs (P = .008). Higher TAICs were consistently observed in female patients with LUADs after adjusting for stage, tumor size, and age. Multivariable regression models confirmed female gender as an independent variable associated with TAIC levels in LUAD (P = .0141). CONCLUSION Immune infiltration in LUADs was significantly higher in female patients, warranting further exploration into the association between this clinical variable and immunotherapeutic response in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Behrens
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | - Pedro Rocha
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Edwin R Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Luisa M Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Barbara Mino
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - David Rice
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Cesar Moran
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - J Jack Lee
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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26
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Treekitkarnmongkol W, Hassane M, Sinjab A, Chang K, Hara K, Rahal Z, Zhang J, Lu W, Sivakumar S, McDowell TL, Kantrowitz J, Zhou J, Lang W, Xu L, Ochieng JK, Nunomura-Nakamura S, Deng S, Behrens C, Raso MG, Fukuoka J, Reuben A, Ostrin EJ, Parra E, Solis LM, Spira AE, McAllister F, Cascone T, Wistuba II, Moghaddam SJ, Scheet PA, Fujimoto J, Kadara H. Augmented Lipocalin-2 Is Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Counteracts Lung Adenocarcinoma Development. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:90-101. [PMID: 32730093 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202004-1079oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Early pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains largely unknown. We found that, relative to wild-type littermates, the innate immunomodulator Lcn2 (lipocalin-2) was increased in normal airways from mice with knockout of the airway lineage gene Gprc5a (Gprc5a-/-) and that are prone to developing inflammation and LUAD. Yet, the role of LCN2 in lung inflammation and LUAD is poorly understood.Objectives: Delineate the role of Lcn2 induction in LUAD pathogenesis.Methods: Normal airway brushings, uninvolved lung tissues, and tumors from Gprc5a-/- mice before and after tobacco carcinogen exposure were analyzed by RNA sequencing. LCN2 mRNA was analyzed in public and in-house data sets of LUAD, lung squamous cancer (LUSC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and LUAD/LUSC with COPD. LCN2 protein was immunohistochemically analyzed in a tissue microarray of 510 tumors. Temporal lung tumor development, gene expression programs, and host immune responses were compared between Gprc5a-/- and Gprc5a-/-/Lcn2-/- littermates.Measurements and Main Results: Lcn2 was progressively elevated during LUAD development and positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokines and inflammation gene sets. LCN2 was distinctively elevated in human LUADs, but not in LUSCs, relative to normal lungs and was associated with COPD among smokers and patients with LUAD. Relative to Gprc5a-/- mice, Gprc5a-/-/Lcn2-/- littermates exhibited significantly increased lung tumor development concomitant with reduced T-cell abundance (CD4+) and richness, attenuated antitumor immune gene programs, and increased immune cell expression of protumor inflammatory cytokines.Conclusions: Augmented LCN2 expression is a molecular feature of COPD-associated LUAD and counteracts LUAD development in vivo by maintaining antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya Hassane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and
| | | | | | - Kieko Hara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology
| | - Zahraa Rahal
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computer Biology
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology
| | | | - Tina L McDowell
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology.,Department of Epidemiology
| | - Jacob Kantrowitz
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Wenhua Lang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Junya Fukuoka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Edwin Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology
| | | | - Avrum E Spira
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Florencia McAllister
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tina Cascone
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology
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27
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Kang Y, Jin Y, Li Q, Yuan X. Advances in Lung Cancer Driver Genes Associated With Brain Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 10:606300. [PMID: 33537237 PMCID: PMC7848146 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.606300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis, one of the common complications of lung cancer, is an important cause of death in patients with advanced cancer, despite progress in treatment strategies. Lung cancers with positive driver genes have higher incidence and risk of brain metastases, suggesting that driver events associated with these genes might be biomarkers to detect and prevent disease progression. Common lung cancer driver genes mainly encode receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which are important internal signal molecules that interact with external signals. RTKs and their downstream signal pathways are crucial for tumor cell survival, invasion, and colonization in the brain. In addition, new tumor driver genes, which also encode important molecules closely related to the RTK signaling pathway, have been found to be closely related to the brain metastases of lung cancer. In this article, we reviewed the relationship between lung cancer driver genes and brain metastasis, and summarized the mechanism of driver gene-associated pathways in brain metastasis. By understanding the molecular characteristics during brain metastasis, we can better stratify lung cancer patients and alert those at high risk of brain metastasis, which helps to promote individual therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Kang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianxia Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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28
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Gholami L, Movafagh A, Badrlou E, Nazer N, Yari M, Sadeghi G, Mirzajani S, Shadnoush M, Sayad A, Ghafouri-Fard S. Altered expression of STAT genes in periodontitis. Hum Antibodies 2021; 29:209-216. [PMID: 34057143 DOI: 10.3233/hab-210444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway is functionally located downstream of Janus kinases proteins and can integrate signals from diverse pathways, thus regulating several aspects of immune responses. Although contribution of STAT proteins in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory conditions has been confirmed, their role in the development of periodontitis has been less appraised. Thus, we assessed levels of STAT transcripts in the periodontal tissues and circulation of affected individuals compared with the corresponding controls. Expression of STAT1 was remarkably lower in tissues samples of patients compared with control tissues (Ratio of mean expression (RME) = 0.15, SE = 0.99, P value = 0.01). Expression of STAT3 was lower in total periodontitis tissues compared with total control tissues (RME = 0.20, SE = 0.95, P value = 0.02). Expression of STAT6 was higher in total periodontitis tissues compared with total control tissues (RME = 0.5.38, SE = 0.74, P value < 0.001). Expressions of other STAT genes were statistically similar in tissues obtained from cases and controls. Moreover, blood levels of all STAT genes were statistically similar between patients and controls. Correlation analysis demonstrated significant correlations between tissues levels of individual STAT genes as well as between their blood levels. However, tissue and blood levels of each STAT gene were not correlated. The current investigation potentiates the role of certain STAT genes in the development of this immune-related condition and warrants functional assays to clarify the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Gholami
- Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Movafagh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Badrlou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naghme Nazer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Sadeghi
- Bureau of Dentistry, Vice Chancellery for Treatment, Ministry of Health and Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Mirzajani
- Pediatric Cell Therapy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shadnoush
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute for Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Thorenoor N, Phelps DS, Floros J. Differential Sex-Dependent Regulation of the Alveolar Macrophage miRNome of SP-A2 and co-ex (SP-A1/SP-A2) and Sex Differences Attenuation after 18 h of Ozone Exposure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121190. [PMID: 33260937 PMCID: PMC7768498 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human SP-A1 and SP-A2, encoded by SFTPA1 and SFTPA2, and their genetic variants differentially impact alveolar macrophage (AM) functions and regulation, including the miRNome. We investigated whether miRNome differences previously observed between AM from SP-A2 and SP-A1/SP-A2 mice are due to continued qualitative differences or a delayed response of mice carrying a single gene. Methods: Human transgenic (hTG) mice, carrying SP-A2 or both SP-A genes, and SP-A-KO mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or ozone (O3). AM miRNA levels, target gene expression, and pathways determined 18 h after O3 exposure. RESULTS: We found (a) differences in miRNome due to sex, SP-A genotype, and exposure; (b) miRNome of both sexes was largely downregulated by O3, and co-ex had fewer changed (≥2-fold) miRNAs than either group; (c) the number and direction of the expression of genes with significant changes in males and females in co-ex are almost the opposite of those in SP-A2; (d) the same pathways were found in the studied groups; and (e) O3 exposure attenuated sex differences with a higher number of genotype-dependent and genotype-independent miRNAs common in both sexes after O3 exposure. Conclusion: Qualitative differences between SP-A2 and co-ex persist 18 h post-O3, and O3 attenuates sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithyananda Thorenoor
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (N.T.); (D.S.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - David S. Phelps
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (N.T.); (D.S.P.)
| | - Joanna Floros
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (N.T.); (D.S.P.)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence:
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30
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Deng S, Ramos-Castaneda M, Velasco WV, Clowers MJ, Gutierrez BA, Noble O, Dong Y, Zarghooni M, Alvarado L, Caetano MS, Yang S, Ostrin EJ, Behrens C, Wistuba II, Stabile LP, Kadara H, Watowich SS, Moghaddam SJ. Interplay between estrogen and Stat3/NF-κB-driven immunomodulation in lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:1529-1542. [PMID: 32603404 PMCID: PMC7896112 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
K-ras mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of lung cancer, displays abysmal prognosis and is tightly linked to tumor-promoting inflammation, which is increasingly recognized as a target for therapeutic intervention. We have recently shown a gender-specific role for epithelial Stat3 signaling in the pathogenesis of K-ras mutant LUAD. The absence of epithelial Stat3 in male K-ras mutant mice (LR/Stat3Δ/Δ mice) promoted tumorigenesis and induced a nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB)-driven pro-tumor immune response while reducing tumorigenesis and enhancing anti-tumor immunity in female counterparts. In the present study, we manipulated estrogen and NF-κB signaling to study the mechanisms underlying this intriguing gender-disparity. In LR/Stat3Δ/Δ females, estrogen deprivation by bilateral oophorectomy resulted in higher tumor burden, an induction of NF-κB-driven immunosuppressive response, and reduced anti-tumor cytotoxicity, whereas estrogen replacement reversed these changes. On the other hand, exogenous estrogen in males successfully inhibited tumorigenesis, attenuated NF-κB-driven immunosuppression and boosted anti-tumor immunity. Mechanistically, genetic targeting of epithelial NF-κB activity resulted in reduced tumorigenesis and enhanced the anti-tumor immune response in LR/Stat3Δ/Δ males, but not females. Our data suggest that estrogen exerts a context-specific anti-tumor effect through inhibiting NF-κB-driven tumor-promoting inflammation and provide insights into developing novel personalized therapeutic strategies for K-ras mutant LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marco Ramos-Castaneda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Walter V Velasco
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Clowers
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Berenice A Gutierrez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oscar Noble
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yiping Dong
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Melody Zarghooni
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lucero Alvarado
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mauricio S Caetano
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shuanying Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Edwin J Ostrin
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura P Stabile
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Humam Kadara
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie S Watowich
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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31
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Krieger NS, Chen L, Becker J, Chan MR, Bushinsky DA. Deletion of the proton receptor OGR1 in mouse osteoclasts impairs metabolic acidosis-induced bone resorption. Kidney Int 2020; 99:609-619. [PMID: 33159961 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic acidosis induces osteoclastic bone resorption and inhibits osteoblastic bone formation. Previously we found that mice with a global deletion of the proton receptor OGR1 had increased bone density although both osteoblast and osteoclast activity were increased. To test whether direct effects on osteoclast OGR1 are critical for metabolic acidosis stimulated bone resorption, we generated knockout mice with an osteoclast-specific deletion of OGR1 (knockout mice). We studied bones from three-month old female mice and the differentiated osteoclasts derived from bone marrow of femurs from these knockout and wild type mice. MicroCT demonstrated increased density in tibiae and femurs but not in vertebrae of the knockout mice. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase staining of tibia indicated a decrease in osteoclast number and surface area/bone surface from knockout compared to wild type mice. Osteoclasts derived from the marrow of knockout mice demonstrated decreased pit formation, osteoclast staining and osteoclast-specific gene expression compared to those from wild type mice. In response to metabolic acidosis, osteoclasts from knockout mice had decreased nuclear translocation of NFATc1, a transcriptional regulator of differentiation, and no increase in size or number compared to osteoclasts from wild type mice. Thus, loss of osteoclast OGR1 decreased both basal and metabolic acidosis-induced osteoclast activity indicating osteoclast OGR1 is important in mediating metabolic acidosis-induced bone resorption. Understanding the role of OGR1 in metabolic acidosis-induced bone resorption will provide insight into bone loss in acidotic patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy S Krieger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA.
| | - Luojing Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Becker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Michaela R Chan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - David A Bushinsky
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
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32
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Olson KC, Moosic KB, Jones MK, Larkin PMK, Olson TL, Toro MF, Fox TE, Feith DJ, Loughran TP. Large granular lymphocyte leukemia serum and corresponding hematological parameters reveal unique cytokine and sphingolipid biomarkers and associations with STAT3 mutations. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6533-6549. [PMID: 32710512 PMCID: PMC7520360 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia is a rare hematological disorder with expansion of the T-cell or natural killer (NK) cell lineage. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) exhibits somatic activating mutations in 30%-40% of LGL leukemia cases. Transcriptional targets of STAT3 include inflammatory cytokines, thus previous studies have measured cytokine levels of LGL leukemia patients compared to normal donors. Sphingolipid metabolism is a growing area of cancer research, with efforts focused on drug discovery. To date, no studies have examined serum sphingolipids in LGL leukemia patients, and only one study compared a subset of cytokines between the T-LGL and NK-LGL subtypes. Therefore, here, we included both LGL leukemia subtypes with the goals of (a) measuring serum sphingolipids for the first time, (b) measuring cytokines to find distinctions between the subtypes, and (c) establishing relationships with STAT3 mutations and clinical data. The serum analyses identified cytokines (EGF, IP-10, G-CSF) and sphingolipids (SMC22, SMC24, SMC20, LysoSM) significantly different in the LGL leukemia group compared to normal donors. In a mixed STAT3 mutation group, D661Y samples exhibited the highest mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values. We explored this further by expanding the cohort to include larger groups of single STAT3 mutations. Male D661Y STAT3 samples had lower Hgb and higher MCV compared to wild type (WT) or Y640F counterparts. This is the first report examining large groups of individual STAT3 mutations. Overall, our results revealed novel serum biomarkers and evidence that D661Y mutation may show different clinical manifestation compared to WT or Y640F STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine C. Olson
- University of Virginia Cancer CenterCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Katharine B. Moosic
- University of Virginia Cancer CenterCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Department of PathologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Marieke K. Jones
- Health Sciences LibraryUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Paige M. K. Larkin
- University of Virginia Cancer CenterCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Department of PathologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Present address:
Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Thomas L. Olson
- University of Virginia Cancer CenterCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Mariella F. Toro
- University of Virginia Cancer CenterCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Todd E. Fox
- University of Virginia Cancer CenterCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - David J. Feith
- University of Virginia Cancer CenterCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Thomas P. Loughran
- University of Virginia Cancer CenterCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA
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33
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Xu Y, Feng S, Niu B. Silencing Stat3 inhibits viability and induces apoptosis in BGC-823 human gastric cancer cell line. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:76-81. [PMID: 32619110 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1770332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by infrequent early diagnosis, poor prognosis and high mortality. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (Stat5b) play multiple roles in the development and progression of many human cancers. We investigated the effects of silencing Stat3 and Stat5b on the viability and apoptosis of the human gastric cancer cell line, BGC-823. We found that Stat3 and Stat5b were expressed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of BGC-823 cells. Silencing of Stat3 caused significantly decreased viability and increased apoptosis, as well as attenuated B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression in BGC-823 cells. Silencing of Stat5b, however, had no significant effect on these events. Stat3, but not Stat5b, plays an important role in the viability and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell line, BGC-823, which suggests that Stat3 is a potential target for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Xu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shini Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University , Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bing Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University , Shanghai, P.R. China
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34
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Roetzer T, Furtner J, Gesperger J, Seebrecht L, Bandke D, Brada M, Brandner-Kokalj T, Grams A, Haybaeck J, Kitzwoegerer M, Leber SL, Marhold F, Moser P, Sherif C, Trenkler J, Unterluggauer J, Weis S, Wuertz F, Hainfellner JA, Langs G, Nenning KH, Woehrer A. Sex-Specific Differences in Primary CNS Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061593. [PMID: 32560244 PMCID: PMC7352658 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-specific differences have been increasingly recognized in many human diseases including brain cancer, namely glioblastoma. Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is an exceedingly rare type of brain cancer that tends to have a higher incidence and worse outcomes in male patients. Yet, relatively little is known about the reasons that contribute to these observed sex-specific differences. Using a population-representative cohort of patients with PCNSL with dense magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and digital pathology annotation (n = 74), we performed sex-specific cluster and survival analyses to explore possible associations. We found three prognostically relevant clusters for females and two for males, characterized by differences in (i) patient demographics, (ii) tumor-associated immune response, and (iii) MR imaging phenotypes. Upon a multivariable analysis, an enhanced FoxP3+ lymphocyte-driven immune response was associated with a shorter overall survival particularly in female patients (HR 1.65, p = 0.035), while an increased extent of contrast enhancement emerged as an adverse predictor of outcomes in male patients (HR 1.05, p < 0.01). In conclusion, we found divergent prognostic constellations between female and male patients with PCNSL that suggest differential roles of tumor-associated immune response and MR imaging phenotypes. Our results further underline the importance of continued sex-specific analyses in the field of brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roetzer
- Division of Neuropathology & Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.R.); (J.G.); (L.S.); (J.A.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Julia Furtner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Johanna Gesperger
- Division of Neuropathology & Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.R.); (J.G.); (L.S.); (J.A.H.); (A.W.)
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Seebrecht
- Division of Neuropathology & Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.R.); (J.G.); (L.S.); (J.A.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Dave Bandke
- Division of Neuropathology, NeuromedCampus, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria; (D.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Martina Brada
- Department of Pathology, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, 1030 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Tanisa Brandner-Kokalj
- Institute of Pathology, State Hospital Klagenfurt, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria; (T.B.-K.); (F.W.)
| | - Astrid Grams
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (J.H.); (J.U.)
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Melitta Kitzwoegerer
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital St. Poelten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3100 St. Poelten, Austria;
| | - Stefan L. Leber
- Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Franz Marhold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital St. Poelten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3100 St. Poelten, Austria;
| | - Patrizia Moser
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Camillo Sherif
- Department of Neurosurgery, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, 1030 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Johannes Trenkler
- Institute of Neuroradiology, NeuromedCampus, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria;
| | - Julia Unterluggauer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (J.H.); (J.U.)
| | - Serge Weis
- Division of Neuropathology, NeuromedCampus, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria; (D.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Franz Wuertz
- Institute of Pathology, State Hospital Klagenfurt, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria; (T.B.-K.); (F.W.)
| | - Johannes A. Hainfellner
- Division of Neuropathology & Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.R.); (J.G.); (L.S.); (J.A.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Georg Langs
- Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Karl-Heinz Nenning
- Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Adelheid Woehrer
- Division of Neuropathology & Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.R.); (J.G.); (L.S.); (J.A.H.); (A.W.)
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35
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Perrino C, Ferdinandy P, Bøtker HE, Brundel BJJM, Collins P, Davidson SM, den Ruijter HM, Engel FB, Gerdts E, Girao H, Gyöngyösi M, Hausenloy DJ, Lecour S, Madonna R, Marber M, Murphy E, Pesce M, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Sluijter JPG, Steffens S, Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Van Laake LW, Van Linthout S, Schulz R, Ytrehus K. Improving translational research in sex-specific effects of comorbidities and risk factors in ischaemic heart disease and cardioprotection: position paper and recommendations of the ESC Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:367-385. [PMID: 32484892 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of death and morbidity in both men and women. Sex, however, affects several aspects of IHD, including pathophysiology, incidence, clinical presentation, diagnosis as well as treatment and outcome. Several diseases or risk factors frequently associated with IHD can modify cellular signalling cascades, thus affecting ischaemia/reperfusion injury as well as responses to cardioprotective interventions. Importantly, the prevalence and impact of risk factors and several comorbidities differ between males and females, and their effects on IHD development and prognosis might differ according to sex. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these differences are still poorly understood, and their identification might have important translational implications in the prediction or prevention of risk of IHD in men and women. Despite this, most experimental studies on IHD are still undertaken in animal models in the absence of risk factors and comorbidities, and assessment of potential sex-specific differences are largely missing. This ESC WG Position Paper will discuss: (i) the importance of sex as a biological variable in cardiovascular research, (ii) major biological mechanisms underlying sex-related differences relevant to IHD risk factors and comorbidities, (iii) prospects and pitfalls of preclinical models to investigate these associations, and finally (iv) will provide recommendations to guide future research. Although gender differences also affect IHD risk in the clinical setting, they will not be discussed in detail here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Hajnoczy str. 6., H-6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hans E Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 161, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1108 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Collins
- Imperial College, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, Chelsea, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Hester M den Ruijter
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Gerdts
- Department for Clinical Science, University of Bergen, PO Box 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Henrique Girao
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, and Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK.,Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chris Barnard Building, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3 7935 Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Lungarno Antonio Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School in Houston, 6410 Fannin St #1014, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Marber
- King's College London BHF Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS Via Parea, 4, I-20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- Berlin Institute of Gender in Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, DZHK, partner site Berlin, Geschäftsstelle Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany.,University of Zürich, Rämistrasse 71, 8006 Zürich, Germany
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Pettenkoferstr. 9, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Can Gollmann-Tepeköylü
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr.35, A - 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Cardiology and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité, University Medicine Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité, University Medicine Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Ludwigstraße 23, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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36
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Expressions and clinical significances of STAT3 and Grim19 in epithelial ovarian cancer. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:246. [PMID: 32411570 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the expressions of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and a gene associated with retinoid-interferon induced mortality (Grim19) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), and to determine their correlations with tumor progression and metastasis as well as the related mechanism. Ovarian tissue specimens resected through operation in our hospital were collected, and the correlations of Grim19 and STAT3 expressions with clinicopathological indexes were detected via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting. Their positions in cells were observed through immunofluorescence. IHC assay results showed that STAT3 had the lowest expression level in the normal ovary, followed by those in benign ovarian tumor and borderline ovarian tumor (BOT), but it had high expression in EOC; The expression level of Grim19 was the lowest in EOC, followed by those in BOT and benign ovarian tumor successively, while it was highly expressed in the normal ovary; The expressions of STAT3 and Grim19 presented negative correlations in all kinds of ovarian tissues (p < 0.05). The expression level of STAT3 in EOC had no obvious correlations with FIGO staging or WHO classification (p > 0.05). The expression level of Grim19 in EOC in stage FIGO III-IV was higher than that in stage FIGO I-II (p < 0.05), Grim19 expression was not obviously associated with WHO classification (p > 0.05). The expressions of Grim19 and STAT3 in lymphatic metastasis lesion had significantly positive correlations with the primary lesion (p < 0.05). The Western blotting assay results were identical with the IHC results. The immunofluorescence demonstrated that STAT3 and Grim19 were mainly localized in the cytoplasm and they were colocalized in mitochondria. In conclusion, STAT3 presents high expression in EOC tissues while Grim19 is expressed in EOC tissues at a low level, which may be related to its interaction with STAT3 as well as progression, metastasis and poor prognosis of ovarian cancer.
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37
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Liu Y, Deng M, Wang Y, Wang H, Li C, Wu H. Identification of differentially expressed genes and biological pathways in para-carcinoma tissues of HCC with different metastatic potentials. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3799-3814. [PMID: 32382332 PMCID: PMC7202278 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with extensive metastasis. Changes in the tumor microenvironment provide favorable conditions for tumor metastasis. However, the role of changes to the tumor microenvironment in HCC metastasis is yet to be elucidated. The Gene Expression Omnibus expression profile GSE5093 consists of 20 noncancerous tissues surrounding HCC tissues, including 9 metastasis-inclined microenvironment samples with detectable metastases and 11 metastasis-averse microenvironment samples without detectable metastases. The present study assessed 35 HCC samples to verify the results of chip analysis. In total, 712 upregulated and 459 downregulated genes were identified, with 1,033 nodes, 7,589 edges and 10 hub genes. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in ‘cell-cell adhesion’, ‘cell proliferation’ and ‘protein binding’. The top 10 hub genes were identified via a protein-protein interaction analysis. The 3 most significant modules were identified from the protein-protein network. Moreover, an association between hub genes and patient prognosis was identified. In conclusion, these candidate genes and pathways may help elucidate the mechanisms underlying HCC metastasis and identify more options for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Changping Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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38
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STAT3: Versatile Functions in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051107. [PMID: 32365499 PMCID: PMC7281271 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) activation is frequently found in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient samples/cell lines and STAT3 inhibition in NSCLC cell lines markedly impairs their survival. STAT3 also plays a pivotal role in driving tumor-promoting inflammation and evasion of anti-tumor immunity. Consequently, targeting STAT3 either directly or by inhibition of upstream regulators such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6) or Janus kinase 1/2 (JAK1/2) is considered as a promising treatment strategy for the management of NSCLC. In contrast, some studies also report STAT3 being a tumor suppressor in a variety of solid malignancies, including lung cancer. Here, we provide a concise overview of STAT3‘s versatile roles in NSCLC and discuss the yins and yangs of STAT3 targeting therapies.
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Rubin JB, Lagas JS, Broestl L, Sponagel J, Rockwell N, Rhee G, Rosen SF, Chen S, Klein RS, Imoukhuede P, Luo J. Sex differences in cancer mechanisms. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:17. [PMID: 32295632 PMCID: PMC7161126 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We now know that cancer is many different diseases, with great variation even within a single histological subtype. With the current emphasis on developing personalized approaches to cancer treatment, it is astonishing that we have not yet systematically incorporated the biology of sex differences into our paradigms for laboratory and clinical cancer research. While some sex differences in cancer arise through the actions of circulating sex hormones, other sex differences are independent of estrogen, testosterone, or progesterone levels. Instead, these differences are the result of sexual differentiation, a process that involves genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, in addition to acute sex hormone actions. Sexual differentiation begins with fertilization and continues beyond menopause. It affects virtually every body system, resulting in marked sex differences in such areas as growth, lifespan, metabolism, and immunity, all of which can impact on cancer progression, treatment response, and survival. These organismal level differences have correlates at the cellular level, and thus, males and females can fundamentally differ in their protections and vulnerabilities to cancer, from cellular transformation through all stages of progression, spread, and response to treatment. Our goal in this review is to cover some of the robust sex differences that exist in core cancer pathways and to make the case for inclusion of sex as a biological variable in all laboratory and clinical cancer research. We finish with a discussion of lab- and clinic-based experimental design that should be used when testing whether sex matters and the appropriate statistical models to apply in data analysis for rigorous evaluations of potential sex effects. It is our goal to facilitate the evaluation of sex differences in cancer in order to improve outcomes for all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Joseph S Lagas
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lauren Broestl
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jasmin Sponagel
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nathan Rockwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gina Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sarah F Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Robyn S Klein
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Princess Imoukhuede
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Mohan CD, Rangappa S, Preetham HD, Chandra Nayaka S, Gupta VK, Basappa S, Sethi G, Rangappa KS. Targeting STAT3 signaling pathway in cancer by agents derived from Mother Nature. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:157-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Saab S, Zalzale H, Rahal Z, Khalifeh Y, Sinjab A, Kadara H. Insights Into Lung Cancer Immune-Based Biology, Prevention, and Treatment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:159. [PMID: 32117295 PMCID: PMC7026250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer-related deaths. The malignancy is characterized by dismal prognosis and poor clinical outcome mostly due to advanced-stage at diagnosis, thereby inflicting a heavy burden on public health worldwide. Recent breakthroughs in immunotherapy have greatly benefited a subset of lung cancer patients, and more importantly, they are undauntedly bringing forth a paradigm shift in the drugs approved for cancer treatment, by introducing "tumor-type agnostic therapies". Yet, and to fulfill immunotherapy's potential of personalized cancer treatment, demarcating the immune and genomic landscape of cancers at their earliest possible stages will be crucial to identify ideal targets for early treatment and to predict how a particular patient will fare with immunotherapy. Recent genomic surveys of premalignant lung cancer have shed light on early alterations in the evolution of lung cancer. More recently, the advent of immunogenomic technologies has provided prodigious opportunities to study the multidimensional landscape of lung tumors as well as their microenvironment at the molecular, genomic, and cellular resolution. In this review, we will summarize the current state of immune-based therapies for cancer, with a focus on lung malignancy, and highlight learning outcomes from clinical and preclinical studies investigating the naïve immune biology of lung cancer. The review also collates immunogenomic-based evidence from seminal reports which collectively warrant future investigations of premalignancy, the tumor-adjacent normal-appearing lung tissue, pulmonary inflammatory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as systemic microbiome imbalance. Such future directions enable novel insights into the evolution of lung cancers and, thus, can provide a low-hanging fruit of targets for early immune-based treatment of this fatal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saab
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Zalzale
- School of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zahraa Rahal
- School of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yara Khalifeh
- School of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ansam Sinjab
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Deng S, Clowers MJ, Velasco WV, Ramos-Castaneda M, Moghaddam SJ. Understanding the Complexity of the Tumor Microenvironment in K-ras Mutant Lung Cancer: Finding an Alternative Path to Prevention and Treatment. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1556. [PMID: 32039025 PMCID: PMC6987304 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (K-ras) is a well-documented, frequently mutated gene in lung cancer. Since K-ras regulates numerous signaling pathways related to cell survival and proliferation, mutations in this gene are powerful drivers of tumorigenesis and confer prodigious survival advantages to developing tumors. These malignant cells dramatically alter their local tissue environment and in the process recruit a powerful ally: inflammation. Inflammation in the context of the tumor microenvironment can be described as either antitumor or protumor (i.e., aiding or restricting tumor progression, respectively). Many current treatments, like immune checkpoint blockade, seek to augment antitumor inflammation by alleviating inhibitory signaling in cytotoxic T cells; however, a burgeoning area of research is now focusing on ways to modulate and mitigate protumor inflammation. Here, we summarize the interplay of tumor-promoting inflammation and K-ras mutant lung cancer pathogenesis by exploring the cytokines, signaling pathways, and immune cells that mediate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Deng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Michael J Clowers
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Walter V Velasco
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marco Ramos-Castaneda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
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The IκB Kinase Inhibitor ACHP Targets the STAT3 Signaling Pathway in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120875. [PMID: 31847229 PMCID: PMC6995615 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is an oncogenic transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes which are involved in malignant transformation. Aberrant activation of STAT3 has been observed in a wide range of human malignancies and its role in negative prognosis is well-documented. In this report, we performed high-throughput virtual screening in search of STAT3 signaling inhibitors using a cheminformatics platform and identified 2-Amino-6-[2-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)-6-Hydroxyphenyl]-4-Piperidin-4-yl Nicotinonitrile (ACHP) as the inhibitor of the STAT3 signaling pathway. The predicted hit was evaluated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines for its STAT3 inhibitory activity. In vitro experiments suggested that ACHP decreased the cell viability and inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 on Tyr705 of NSCLC cells. In addition, ACHP imparted inhibitory activity on the constitutive activation of upstream protein tyrosine kinases, including JAK1, JAK2, and Src. ACHP decreased the nuclear translocation of STAT3 and downregulated its DNA binding ability. Apoptosis was evidenced by cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP with the subsequent decline in antiapoptotic proteins, including Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and survivin. Overall, we report that ACHP can act as a potent STAT3 signaling inhibitor in NSCLC cell lines.
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Han J, Lu C, Meng Q, Halim A, Yean TJ, Wu G. Plasma concentration of interleukin-6 was upregulated in cancer cachexia patients and was positively correlated with plasma free fatty acid in female patients. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:80. [PMID: 31788012 PMCID: PMC6858650 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer cachexia is a clinical manifestation in various advanced cancers that characterized by muscle atrophy and fat loss as its main features; it is frequently associated with systemic inflammatory response. However, the differences in inflammatory response and lipid metabolism of different genders remain unclear. This study explores the difference between cachexic and non-cachexic patients in different genders and cancer types and focus on the plasma inflammation factors levels and lipid metabolism parameters in different genders. Methods We first analyzed the general characteristics in 311 cancer patients between cachexic and non-cachexic patients, with an emphasis on expression levels related to inflammatory factors and lipid metabolism parameters. We then further analyzed these characteristics in different genders and cancer types. Lastly, the correlations between plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and lipid metabolism parameters in cachexia patients of different genders were analyzed. Results Among 311 patients, there were 74 cancer cachexia patients (50 males and 24 females) and 237non-cachexia patients (150 males and 87 females). Body mass index (BMI), TNM stage, plasma concentration of hemoglobin, platelet, lymphocyte count, total protein, albumin, prealbumin, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), free fatty acid (FFA) and IL-6 were significantly different between cachexic and non-cachexic patients (all p < 0.05). In addition, these characteristics were different in different cancer types. When compared to male non-cachexic patients, male cachexic patients showed a significant increase in plasma levels of IL-6 and platelet, later TNM stage, with marked decrease in their plasma total protein, albumin, prealbumin, ApoE as well as their lymphocyte counts and hemoglobin levels (all p < 0.05). In comparison with female non-cachexic patients, female cachexic patients' IL-6 levels and FFA were significantly elevated with noticeable decrease in their BMI, total cholesterol, ApoE and prealbumin, as well as later TNM stage (all p < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that IL-6 levels in female cachexic patients had a significant positive correlation with FFA expression, but this correlation not reflected in male patients. Conclusion This study demonstrates the different metabolic characteristics of male and female cancer cachexia patients. Future study about cancer cachexia should pay attention to different genders and cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han
- 1Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Chaocheng Lu
- 1Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Qingyang Meng
- 1Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Alice Halim
- 2Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Thong Jia Yean
- 2Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Guohao Wu
- 1Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
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Xu L, Shi L, Qiu S, Chen S, Lin M, Xiang Y, Zhao C, Zhu J, Shen L, Zuo Z. Design, Synthesis, And Evaluation Of Cyanopyridines As Anti-Colorectal Cancer Agents Via Inhibiting STAT3 Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3369-3381. [PMID: 31576111 PMCID: PMC6768128 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s217800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors. Cyanopyridine and aminocyanopyridine having a carbon-nitrogen bond have been shown to have significant anticancer effects. STAT3 is a promising therapeutic target in multiple cancers. However, there are currently no effective STAT3 inhibitors in clinical practice for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Materials and methods We screened 27 cyanopyridines for their anticancer activity by cell viability. The HCT-116, RKO, and DLD-1 cell lines were used to evaluate the anti-colorectal cancer effect of 3n. Scratch experiments and colony formation assays were used for the assessment of cell migration and proliferation capacity. Phosphorylated STAT3, STAT3, MCL-1, and Survivin levels were assessed by Western blot analysis. Results In this study, we synthesized 27 cyanopyridines and screened their anticancer activities in three human tumor cells, HCT-116, Hela229, and A375. We found that 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine 3n has better anticancer activity with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Furthermore, 3n significantly inhibited the migration and colony formation of colorectal cancer cells. Mechanistically, 3n inhibited the expression of STAT3 phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Conclusion 3n is worth of further investigations toward the discovery of STAT3 inhibitor as a drug candidate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyuan Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, People's Republic of China.,Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxi Shi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, People's Republic of China.,Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Sensen Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, People's Republic of China.,Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengsha Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, People's Republic of China.,Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Youqun Xiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengguang Zhao
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiandong Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigui Zuo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, People's Republic of China
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Mohrherr J, Haber M, Breitenecker K, Aigner P, Moritsch S, Voronin V, Eferl R, Moriggl R, Stoiber D, Győrffy B, Brcic L, László V, Döme B, Moldvay J, Dezső K, Bilban M, Popper H, Moll HP, Casanova E. JAK-STAT inhibition impairs K-RAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma progression. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:3376-3388. [PMID: 31407334 PMCID: PMC6856680 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic K‐RAS has been difficult to target and currently there is no K‐RAS‐based targeted therapy available for patients suffering from K‐RAS‐driven lung adenocarcinoma (AC). Alternatively, targeting K‐RAS‐downstream effectors, K‐RAS‐cooperating signaling pathways or cancer hallmarks, such as tumor‐promoting inflammation, has been shown to be a promising therapeutic strategy. Since the JAK–STAT pathway is considered to be a central player in inflammation‐mediated tumorigenesis, we investigated here the implication of JAK–STAT signaling and the therapeutic potential of JAK1/2 inhibition in K‐RAS‐driven lung AC. Our data showed that JAK1 and JAK2 are activated in human lung AC and that increased activation of JAK–STAT signaling correlated with disease progression and K‐RAS activity in human lung AC. Accordingly, administration of the JAK1/2 selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib reduced proliferation of tumor cells and effectively reduced tumor progression in immunodeficient and immunocompetent mouse models of K‐RAS‐driven lung AC. Notably, JAK1/2 inhibition led to the establishment of an antitumorigenic tumor microenvironment, characterized by decreased levels of tumor‐promoting chemokines and cytokines and reduced numbers of infiltrating myeloid derived suppressor cells, thereby impairing tumor growth. Taken together, we identified JAK1/2 inhibition as promising therapy for K‐RAS‐driven lung AC. What's new? A drug that inhibits the JAK–STAT pathway may score a hit against K‐RAS driven lung cancer. Here, the authors Investigated the JAK STAT pathway as a possible target in lung adenocarcinoma because of its role in inflammation‐mediated tumorigenesis. First, they showed that JAK1 and JAK2 are both activated in lung adenocarcinoma patients with oncogenic mutations in K‐RAS. Next, they treated the tumors with ruxolitinib, which inhibits JAK1/2. The drug successfully slowed tumor proliferation and progression in immunocompetent mouse models. Furthermore, treatment with ruxolitinib reduced the tumor‐promoting factors present in the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Mohrherr
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
| | - Marcel Haber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
| | - Kristina Breitenecker
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
| | - Petra Aigner
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
| | - Stefan Moritsch
- Institute of Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Viktor Voronin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
- Institute of Animal Breeding and GeneticsUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
- Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, and Second Department of PediatricsSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Luka Brcic
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of PathologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Viktória László
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Balázs Döme
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender ImagingMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of PulmonologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryNational Institute of Oncology and Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Judit Moldvay
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of PulmonologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- SE‐NAP Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of PathologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Katalin Dezső
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer ResearchSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Core FacilitiesMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Helmut Popper
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of PathologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Herwig P. Moll
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
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Wang Z, Yin M, Chu P, Lou M. STAT3 inhibitor sensitized KRAS-mutant lung cancers to RAF inhibitor by activating MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:7187-7196. [PMID: 31484165 PMCID: PMC6756870 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
KRAS is frequently mutated in patients with lung cancers, resulting in low survival rates. Inhibiting the downstream pathways of KRAS seems to be a feasible strategy to target KRAS-mutant tumors. However, the clinical outcomes only show limited success. Here, we developed a novel strategy by combining RAF (AZ628) and STAT3 (BP-1-102) inhibitors. The results showed that the AZ628 and BP-1-102 combination showed strongly synergistic effects on KRAS(G12D) H838, KRAS(G12S) H292 and KRAS(G12V) H441 cells and significantly enhanced the inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo by promoting apoptosis compared with one inhibitor alone. For mechanism, AZ628 and BP-1-102 combination markedly abrogated MEK/ERK signaling pathway activation in KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells suggesting the combination of RAF and STAT3 inhibitors is an effective therapy for treating lung cancer cells harboring KRAS mutations. Taken together, the current results indicate that oncogene addiction can be targeted for therapy in lung cancer cells harboring RAS-mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengchen Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peilin Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Central Hospital of Ma'anshan City, Anhui, China
| | - Meiqing Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Sun CY, Nie J, Huang JP, Zheng GJ, Feng B. Targeting STAT3 inhibition to reverse cisplatin resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Xu L, Qiu S, Yang L, Xu H, Liu X, Fan S, Cui R, Fu W, Zhao C, Shen L, Wang L, Huang X. Aminocyanopyridines as anti‐lung cancer agents by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1512-1525. [PMID: 31069881 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyuan Xu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Heart and LungWenzhou Zhejiang China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Sensen Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangxi University for NationalitiesNanning China
| | - Lehe Yang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Heart and LungWenzhou Zhejiang China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Haitang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangxi University for NationalitiesNanning China
| | - Xu Liu
- School of MedicineGuangxi UniversityNanning Guangxi China
| | - Shiqian Fan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Heart and LungWenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Ri Cui
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Weitao Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Chengguang Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Liqun Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangxi University for NationalitiesNanning China
| | - Liangxing Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Heart and LungWenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Heart and LungWenzhou Zhejiang China
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Daouk R, Hassane M, Bahmad HF, Sinjab A, Fujimoto J, Abou-Kheir W, Kadara H. Genome-Wide and Phenotypic Evaluation of Stem Cell Progenitors Derived From Gprc5a-Deficient Murine Lung Adenocarcinoma With Somatic Kras Mutations. Front Oncol 2019; 9:207. [PMID: 31001473 PMCID: PMC6454871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) with somatic mutations in the KRAS oncogene comprise the most common molecular subtype of lung cancer in smokers and present with overall dismal prognosis and resistance to most therapies. Our group recently demonstrated that tobacco carcinogen-exposed mice with knockout of the airway lineage G-protein coupled receptor, Gprc5a, develop LUADs with somatic mutations in Kras. Earlier work has suggested that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play crucial roles in clonal evolution of tumors and in therapy resistance. To date, our understanding of CSCs in LUADs with somatic Kras mutations remains lagging. Here we derived CSCs (as spheres in 3D cultures) with self-renewal properties from a murine Kras-mutant LUAD cell line we previously established from a tobacco carcinogen-exposed Gprc5a−/− mouse. Using syngeneic Gprc5a−/− models, we found that these CSCs, compared to their parental isoforms, exhibited increased tumorigenic potential in vivo, particularly in female animals. Using whole-transcriptome sequencing coupled with pathways analysis and confirmatory PCR, we identified gene features (n = 2,600) differentially expressed in the CSCs compared to parental cells and that were enriched with functional modules associated with an augmented malignant phenotype including stemness, tumor-promoting inflammation and anti-oxidant responses. Further, based on in silico predicted activation of GSK3β in CSCs, we found that tideglusib, an irreversible inhibitor of the kinase, exhibited marked anti-growth effects in the cultured CSCs. Our study underscores molecular cues in the pathogenesis of Kras-mutant LUAD and presents new models to study the evolution, and thus high-potential targets, of this aggressive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Daouk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maya Hassane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hisham F Bahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ansam Sinjab
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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