1
|
Mohammed TF, Aini RQ, Barnes ME, Cooper KM. Toward Culturally Responsive Mentoring of Muslim Research Mentees in the Sciences. CBE LIFE SCIENCES EDUCATION 2024; 23:es5. [PMID: 38900941 DOI: 10.1187/cbe.23-07-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Research experiences are an integral part of training future scientists and fostering diversity in science. Providing culturally responsive research mentorship, defined as mentorship that incorporates cultural knowledge to improve learning experiences for a particular group, is a critical step in this endeavor. While culturally responsive mentoring is most commonly associated with mentoring students with underrepresented races and ethnicities in the sciences, it can also be helpful for mentees with a diversity of abilities, sexualities, economic backgrounds, and religions. In this essay, we discuss how mentors can provide more culturally responsive mentoring of Muslim research mentees in the sciences. Muslims are a stigmatized minority group in the United States who participate in a religious culture that often differs from the secular culture of science. Notably, there are few resources for how to engage in culturally responsive mentoring of Muslim research mentees. To address this gap, we drew from the extant literature on the challenges that Muslims encounter in the United States, which likely extends to the context of scientific research, and identified potential culturally responsive accommodations in research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem F Mohammed
- Research for Inclusive STEM Education Center, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University. Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Rahmi Q Aini
- Social Perceptions of Science Lab, Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132
| | - M Elizabeth Barnes
- Social Perceptions of Science Lab, Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132
| | - Katelyn M Cooper
- Research for Inclusive STEM Education Center, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University. Tempe, AZ 85281
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pololi LH, Brimhall-Vargas M, Madison MT. Assessing Institutional Culture for Inclusive Excellence in the Academic Health Sciences. J Gen Intern Med 2024:10.1007/s11606-024-08976-4. [PMID: 39117881 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-024-08976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda H Pololi
- National Initiative on Gender, Culture and Leadership in Medicine: C-Change, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Institute for Economic and Racial Equity, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA.
| | - Mark Brimhall-Vargas
- National Initiative on Gender, Culture and Leadership in Medicine: C-Change, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Institute for Economic and Racial Equity, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Maria T Madison
- National Initiative on Gender, Culture and Leadership in Medicine: C-Change, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Institute for Economic and Racial Equity, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mergler BD, Toles AO, Alexander A, Mosquera DC, Lane-Fall MB, Ejiogu NI. Racial and Ethnic Patient Care Disparities in Anesthesiology: History, Current State, and a Way Forward. Anesth Analg 2024; 139:420-431. [PMID: 38153872 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Disparities in patient care and outcomes are well-documented in medicine but have received comparatively less attention in anesthesiology. Those disparities linked to racial and ethnic identity are pervasive, with compelling evidence in operative anesthesiology, obstetric anesthesiology, pain medicine, and critical care. This narrative review presents an overview of disparities in perioperative patient care that is grounded in historical context followed by potential solutions for mitigating disparities and inequities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blake D Mergler
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Allyn O Toles
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anthony Alexander
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Diana C Mosquera
- Department of Anesthesiology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York
| | - Meghan B Lane-Fall
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nwadiogo I Ejiogu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fattah L, Johnson J, Clark U, Hess L, Palermo AG, Figueroa Acosta DM, Swartz TH. Building trust and transparency in biomedical sciences through data walks. Nat Med 2024; 30:2103-2104. [PMID: 38822130 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Layla Fattah
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jay Johnson
- Institute for Equity and Justice in Health Sciences Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Uraina Clark
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Scientific Diversity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leona Hess
- Institute for Equity and Justice in Health Sciences Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ann-Gel Palermo
- Institute for Equity and Justice in Health Sciences Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Office of Diversity and Inclusion, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dania M Figueroa Acosta
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Talia H Swartz
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Institute for Equity and Justice in Health Sciences Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li CI, Rogers SC, Bult CJ, Guerra CE, Talton A, Williams LB, Law W. Executing plans to enhance diversity across cancer centers in the United States: opportunities and challenges. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:1198-1205. [PMID: 38710483 PMCID: PMC11308197 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djae100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of diversity in the cancer research workforce persists, which the new requirement for all National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer centers to have a Plan to Enhance Diversity (PED) seeks to address. However, it is not well understood how different cancer centers are approaching the development and execution of these plans. Our objective was to assess how cancer centers are establishing and pursuing their PED. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of members of the Cancer Center Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Network, which includes all NCI-designated cancer centers and several emerging centers. A total of 62 cancer centers (75% of those invited), including 58 NCI-designated cancer centers (81% of those with this designation), participated and completed a questionnaire that assessed PED leadership, major challenges, implementation strategies, and approach to evaluate PED progress. RESULTS The most common PED challenge identified is recruiting diverse faculty (68% of centers), and the most common strategy currently used to address this is reviewing and revising faculty recruitment practices (67%). The most common approach centers are using to measure PED progress is shifts in demographics (68%), and data on the demographics of faculty, leadership, and trainees are available at 79%, 81%, and 75% of centers, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Almost all centers have established a PED leadership structure, however, there is considerable variation in the approaches used to realize PED goals and in the resources provided to support PED work. Realizing opportunities to share and implement common best practices and exemplar programs has the potential to elevate the impact of PED efforts nationally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher I Li
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Fred Hutch/University of Washington/Seattle Children’s Cancer Consortium, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Carmen E Guerra
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Lovoria B Williams
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing & Markey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Wendy Law
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Fred Hutch/University of Washington/Seattle Children’s Cancer Consortium, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Amigo MC, Mesquita Camelo R, Douketis J, Lee LH, Muia J, Nagao A, Scarlatescu E, Harper AGS. Removing cross-cultural barriers to participation in the ISTH Congress. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:1803-1805. [PMID: 38849213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Mesquita Camelo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - James Douketis
- St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Joshua Muia
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Azusa Nagao
- Department of Blood Coagulation, Ogikubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Alan G S Harper
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dejenie R, Fannon EE, Persky J, Gaeta E, Soufi K, Howard B, Stadeli KM, Godoy LA. Dissecting Diversity: A Comprehensive Look at the Present Landscape and Future Challenges in Surgical Specialties. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2024; 81:1004-1011. [PMID: 38760190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the US demographic evolves, surgical fields must adapt to ensure equitable healthcare. Healthcare disparities notably affect minority populations, with communities of color often facing physician shortages and higher rates of diseases such as coronary disease, stroke, and cancer. Research shows that minority physicians significantly improve patient satisfaction and outcomes in underserved communities, highlighting the need for increased physician diversity to enhance cultural competency and patient centered care. Data from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) reveals minimal increases in underrepresented minorities (URM) in surgical residency and academic careers over the past thirty-six years, with little change URM applicants and matriculants in the nine surgical specialties recognized by the American College of Surgeons from 2010 to 2018. OBJECTIVE This review aims to critically evaluate the current landscape of racial and gender diversity in six out of the nine defined surgical specialties (general surgery, plastic surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, and vascular surgery) in the US. DESIGN We conducted a comprehensive literature review to assess of the state of diversity within surgical specialties in the United States. By analyzing the benefits of diversity in surgical fields, evaluating the effectiveness of various diversity programs and initiatives, examining the comparative diversity between surgical subspecialties, and assessing the impact of diversity on patient outcomes, our aim is to highlight the critical importance of enhancing diversity in surgical fields. RESULTS While nuances in representation and diversity vary across surgical specialties, all fields persistently exhibit underrepresentation of certain racial/ethnic groups and persistent gender disparities. These disparities manifest throughout various phases, including in residency, and in the recruitment and retention of URM individuals in surgery and surgical subspecialties. While interventions over the past decade have contributed to improving diversity in surgical fields, significant disparities persist. Limitations include the time required for recent interventions to show significant impacts and the inability of established interventions to eliminate disparities. CONCLUSIONS Despite the clear benefits, diversity within surgical specialties remains an uphill battle. Addressing the diversity gap in surgical fields is crucial for improving patient outcomes, healthcare access, and workplace environments, requiring strategies such as targeted recruitment, mentorship programs, and addressing systemic biases. This review highlights the undeniable imperative for change and serve a call to action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Dejenie
- University of California, Davis Medical Center. Department of Surgery. 4301 X St, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Elise Eh Fannon
- University of California, Davis Medical Center. Department of Surgery. 4301 X St, Sacramento, California 95817, USA; David Grant Medical Center. Department of Surgery. 101 Bodin Cir, Fairfield, California 94533, USA.
| | - Julia Persky
- University of California, Davis Medical Center. Department of Surgery. 4301 X St, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Emmanuel Gaeta
- University of California, Davis Medical Center. Department of Surgery. 4301 X St, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Khadija Soufi
- University of California, Davis Medical Center. Department of Surgery. 4301 X St, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Brian Howard
- University of California, Davis Medical Center. Department of Surgery. 4301 X St, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Kathryn M Stadeli
- University of California, Davis Medical Center. Department of Surgery. 4301 X St, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Luis A Godoy
- University of California, Davis Medical Center. Department of Surgery. 4301 X St, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sano T, Sampad MJN, Gonzalez-Ferrer J, Hernandez S, Vera-Choqqueccota S, Vargas PA, Urcuyo R, Montellano Duran N, Teodorescu M, Haussler D, Schmidt H, Mostajo-Radji MA. Internet-enabled lab-on-a-chip technology for education. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14364. [PMID: 38906940 PMCID: PMC11192768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite many interventions, science education remains highly inequitable throughout the world. Internet-enabled experimental learning has the potential to reach underserved communities and increase the diversity of the scientific workforce. Here, we demonstrate the use of lab-on-a-chip (LoC) technologies to expose Latinx life science undergraduate students to introductory concepts of computer programming by taking advantage of open-loop cloud-integrated LoCs. We developed a context-aware curriculum to train students at over 8000 km from the experimental site. Through this curriculum, the students completed an assignment testing bacteria contamination in water using LoCs. We showed that this approach was sufficient to reduce the students' fear of programming and increase their interest in continuing careers with a computer science component. Altogether, we conclude that LoC-based internet-enabled learning can become a powerful tool to train Latinx students and increase the diversity in STEM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Sano
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Mohammad Julker Neyen Sampad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Ferrer
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
- Live Cell Biotechnology Discovery Lab, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Sebastian Hernandez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
- Live Cell Biotechnology Discovery Lab, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
- Centro de Electroquímica y Energía Química (CELEQ), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Samira Vera-Choqqueccota
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
- Live Cell Biotechnology Discovery Lab, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Paola A Vargas
- Biotechnology, Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Roberto Urcuyo
- Centro de Electroquímica y Energía Química (CELEQ), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501 2060, Costa Rica
| | | | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
- Live Cell Biotechnology Discovery Lab, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - David Haussler
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
- Live Cell Biotechnology Discovery Lab, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Holger Schmidt
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Mohammed A Mostajo-Radji
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
- Live Cell Biotechnology Discovery Lab, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Goldsmith GR, Aiken ML, Camarillo-Abad HM, Diki K, Gardner DL, Stipčić M, Espeleta JF. Overcoming the Barriers to Teaching Teamwork to Undergraduates in STEM. CBE LIFE SCIENCES EDUCATION 2024; 23:es2. [PMID: 38442149 PMCID: PMC11235100 DOI: 10.1187/cbe.23-07-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
There is widespread recognition that undergraduate students in the life sciences must learn how to work in teams. However, instructors who wish to incorporate teamwork into their classrooms rarely have formal training in how to teach teamwork. This is further complicated by the application of synonymous and often ambiguous terminology regarding teamwork that is found in literature spread among many different disciplines. There are significant barriers for instructors wishing to identify and implement best practices. We synthesize key concepts in teamwork by considering the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) necessary for success, the pedagogies and curricula for teaching those KSAs, and the instruments available for evaluating and assessing success. There are only a limited number of studies on teamwork in higher education that present an intervention with a control group and a formal evaluation or assessment. Moreover, these studies are almost exclusively outside STEM disciplines, raising questions about their extensibility. We conclude by considering how to build an evidence base for instruction that will empower students with the KSAs necessary for participating in a lifetime of equitable and inclusive teamwork.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miranda L. Aiken
- Grand Challenges Initiative, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866
| | | | - Kamal Diki
- Grand Challenges Initiative, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866
| | | | - Mario Stipčić
- Grand Challenges Initiative, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fisher OJ, Fearnshaw D, Watson NJ, Green P, Charnley F, McFarlane D, Sharples S. Promoting equality, diversity and inclusion in research and funding: reflections from a digital manufacturing research network. Res Integr Peer Rev 2024; 9:5. [PMID: 38750554 PMCID: PMC11097576 DOI: 10.1186/s41073-024-00144-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equal, diverse, and inclusive teams lead to higher productivity, creativity, and greater problem-solving ability resulting in more impactful research. However, there is a gap between equality, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) research and practices to create an inclusive research culture. Research networks are vital to the research ecosystem, creating valuable opportunities for researchers to develop their partnerships with both academics and industrialists, progress their careers, and enable new areas of scientific discovery. A feature of a network is the provision of funding to support feasibility studies - an opportunity to develop new concepts or ideas, as well as to 'fail fast' in a supportive environment. The work of networks can address inequalities through equitable allocation of funding and proactive consideration of inclusion in all of their activities. METHODS This study proposes a strategy to embed EDI within research network activities and funding review processes. This paper evaluates 21 planned mitigations introduced to address known inequalities within research events and how funding is awarded. EDI data were collected from researchers engaging in a digital manufacturing network activities and funding calls to measure the impact of the proposed method. RESULTS Quantitative analysis indicates that the network's approach was successful in creating a more ethnically diverse network, engaging with early career researchers, and supporting researchers with care responsibilities. However, more work is required to create a gender balance across the network activities and ensure the representation of academics who declare a disability. Preliminary findings suggest the network's anonymous funding review process has helped address inequalities in funding award rates for women and those with care responsibilities, more data are required to validate these observations and understand the impact of different interventions individually and in combination. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study offers compelling evidence regarding the efficacy of a research network's approach in advancing EDI within research and funding. The network hopes that these findings will inform broader efforts to promote EDI in research and funding and that researchers, funders, and other stakeholders will be encouraged to adopt evidence-based strategies for advancing this important goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Fisher
- Food, Water, Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Debra Fearnshaw
- Human Factors Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Watson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter Green
- School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Fiona Charnley
- Centre for Circular Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Duncan McFarlane
- Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Sharples
- Human Factors Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jussim L. Diversity Is Diverse: Social Justice Reparations and Science. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2024; 19:564-575. [PMID: 38652785 DOI: 10.1177/17456916241236171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Because the term "diversity" has two related but different meanings, what authors mean when they use the term is inherently unclear. In its broad form, it refers to vast variety. In its narrow form, it refers to human demographic categories deemed deserving of special attention by social justice-oriented activists. In this article, I review Hommel's critique of Roberts et al. (2020), which, I suggest, essentially constitutes two claims: that Roberts et al.'s (2020) call for diversity in psychological science focuses exclusively on the latter narrow form of diversity and ignores the scientific importance of diversity in the broader sense, and ignoring diversity in the broader sense is scientifically unjustified. Although Hommel's critique is mostly justified, this is not because Roberts et al. (2020) are wrong to call for greater social justice-oriented demographic diversity in psychology but because Hommel's call for the broader form of diversity subsumes that of Roberts et al. (2020) and has other aspects critical to creating a valid, generalizable, rigorous, and inclusive psychological science. In doing so, I also highlight omissions, limitations, and potential downsides to the narrow manner in which psychology and the broader academy are currently implementing diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Jussim
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rayaz H, Yedavalli V, Sair H, Sharma G, Rowan NR, Tackett S, Infosino A, Nabipour S, Kothari P, Levine R, Ishii M, Yousem D, Agrawal Y, Skarupski K, Faraday N, Lee JK, Brady M. Staying Virtual: A Survey Study of the Virtual Lecture Experience in Academic Medicine. Anesth Analg 2024; 138:1020-1030. [PMID: 37115722 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing clinical demands can adversely impact academic advancement, including the ability to deliver lectures and disseminate scholarly work. The virtual lecture platform became mainstream during the height of the coronavirus-19 pandemic. Lessons learned from this period may offer insight into supporting academic productivity among physicians who must balance multiple demands, including high clinical workloads and family care responsibilities. We evaluated perceptions on delivering virtual lectures to determine whether virtual venues merit continuation beyond the pandemic's initial phase and whether these perceptions differ by gender and rank. METHODS In a survey study, faculty who spoke in 1 of 3 virtual lecture programs in the Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Otolaryngology, and Radiology at a university hospital in 2020 to 2022 were queried about their experience. Speakers' motivations to lecture virtually and the perceived advantages and disadvantages of virtual and in-person lectures were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative analyses. RESULTS Seventy-two of 95 (76%) faculty members responded (40% women, 38% men, and 22% gender undisclosed). Virtual lectures supported the speakers "a lot" to "extremely" with the following goals: enhancing one's reputation and credibility (76%), networking (70%), receiving feedback (63%), and advancing prospects for promotion (59%). Virtual programs also increased the speakers' sense of accomplishment (70%) and professional optimism (61%) by at least "a lot," including instructors and assistant professors who previously had difficulty obtaining invitations to speak outside their institution. Many respondents had declined prior invitations to speak in-person due to clinical workload (66%) and family care responsibilities (58%). Previous opportunities to lecture in-person were also refused due to finances (39%), teaching (26%), and research (19%) requirements, personal medical conditions or disabilities (9%), and religious obligations (5%). Promotion was a stronger motivating factor to lecture virtually for instructors and assistant professors than for associate and full professors. By contrast, disseminating work and ideas was a stronger motivator for associate and full professors. Associate and full professors also reported greater improvement in work-related well-being than earlier career faculty from the virtual lecture experience. Very few differences were found by gender. CONCLUSIONS Virtual lecture programs support faculty who might not otherwise have the opportunity to lecture in-person due to multiple constraints. To increase the dissemination of scholarly work and expand opportunities to all faculty, virtual lectures should continue even as in-person venues are reestablished.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rayaz
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Vivek Yedavalli
- Radiology, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Haris Sair
- Radiology, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Garima Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, JHU, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicholas R Rowan
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
- Neurological Surgery, JHU, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sean Tackett
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, JHU, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Infosino
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Perin Kothari
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Rachel Levine
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, JHU, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
| | - David Yousem
- Radiology, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yuri Agrawal
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Kimberly Skarupski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Nauder Faraday
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Jennifer K Lee
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - MaryBeth Brady
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jimenez-Gomez C. Research and mentorship in behavior analysis from a lens of cultural responsiveness and antiracism. J Exp Anal Behav 2024; 121:373-388. [PMID: 38587283 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Although scientific endeavors strive to be objective, they are the work of individuals whose unique perspectives and experiences influence their research and interpretations of the world and data. Much has been said and written lately about the need to embed cultural responsiveness in behavior analysis and the need to enhance diversity in the field. In fact, similar conversations are taking place in many areas of science. Despite the current buzz, many behavioral researchers may be left wondering what they can do or whether it is incumbent on them to act. For the field of behavior analysis to move toward adopting the values of diversity, equity, inclusion, and access, members of the scientific community must actively engage in behaviors that foster inclusive and safe learning environments for students, engage in collaborative work, and incorporate culturally responsive research and mentorship practices. This article will describe some current practices, showcase exemplars of culturally responsive research and mentorship, and provide resources for researchers and mentors.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wiley Z, Kalu IC, Lyden E, Cichon CJ, Abdul-Mutakabbir JC, Herskovitz J, Marcelin JR. Demographic representation among speakers at the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) spring conferences. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2024; 45:422-428. [PMID: 37782036 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2023.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) is a leading medical society for infection prevention and antibiotic stewardship. This descriptive study evaluated speaker demographics at the annual SHEA Spring conferences from 2019 to 2022. METHODS This was a retrospective, descriptive analysis of the demographic composition of speakers at the annual SHEA Spring conferences between 2019 and 2022, excluding the cancelled 2020 conference. Self-reported demographics were available for gender, race, ethnicity, age, primary practice setting, and professional degrees in speaker and membership categories. RESULTS In total, 447 speaker slots were filled by 305 unique speakers over 3 years. Average annual membership included 55.2% female, 44.8% male, 69.3% White, 21.4% Asian, 6.0% Hispanic/Latino, 2.9% Black, and 0.4% American Indian/Alaska Native or Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (AIAN/NHPI); 48.9% did not report a race or ethnicity. Speakers during the same period were 63.5% female, 36.5% male, 68.2% White, 13.3% Asian, 3.8% Black, 3.4% Hispanic/Latino, 0.8% AIAN/NHPI; 13.4% did not report race or ethnicity. In 2021, pharmacists represented 11.6% of speakers (and 2.9% of members) and members with nondoctoral degrees represented 11.6% of speakers (and 21.5% of members) (P < .0001). In each year, we detected underrepresentation of community and private-practice speakers relative to membership (eg, in 2022, 4.3% of speakers vs 15.7% of members; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The SHEA Spring conferences demonstrated an increase in pharmacist speakers over time, but speakers from community hospitals and with nondoctoral degrees remain underrepresented relative to membership. Racial and ethnic minoritized individuals remain underrepresented as members and speakers. Intentional interventions are needed to consistently achieve equitable speaker representation across multiple demographic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zanthia Wiley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ibukunoluwa C Kalu
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth Lyden
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Catherine J Cichon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, OmahaNebraska
| | - Jacinda C Abdul-Mutakabbir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Division of the Black Diaspora and African American Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jonathan Herskovitz
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency, University of Nebraska Medical Center, OmahaNebraska
| | - Jasmine R Marcelin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, OmahaNebraska
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Almaatouq A, Alsobay M, Yin M, Watts DJ. The Effects of Group Composition and Dynamics on Collective Performance. Top Cogn Sci 2024; 16:302-321. [PMID: 37925669 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
As organizations gravitate to group-based structures, the problem of improving performance through judicious selection of group members has preoccupied scientists and managers alike. However, which individual attributes best predict group performance remains poorly understood. Here, we describe a preregistered experiment in which we simultaneously manipulated four widely studied attributes of group compositions: skill level, skill diversity, social perceptiveness, and cognitive style diversity. We find that while the average skill level of group members, skill diversity, and social perceptiveness are significant predictors of group performance, skill level dominates all other factors combined. Additionally, we explore the relationship between patterns of collaborative behavior and performance outcomes and find that any potential gains in solution quality from additional communication between the group members are outweighed by the overhead time cost, leading to lower overall efficiency. However, groups exhibiting more "turn-taking" behavior are considerably faster and thus more efficient. Finally, contrary to our expectation, we find that group compositional factors (i.e., skill level and social perceptiveness) are not associated with the amount of communication between group members nor turn-taking dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Alsobay
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Ming Yin
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University
| | - Duncan J Watts
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania
- The Annenberg School of Communication, University of Pennsylvania
- Operations, Information, and Decisions Department, University of Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chae J. 7-day patterns in Black-White segregation in 49 metropolitan areas. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6740. [PMID: 38509129 PMCID: PMC10954647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
While residential segregation is a persistent attribute of metropolitan areas, recent studies find segregation levels fluctuate throughout the day, reaching their lowest levels during daytime hours. This paper shows hourly variations in Black-White segregation from Monday through Sunday for the top 49 most populated metropolitan areas with Global Positioning System (GPS) data collected from mobile phones from October 2018. I find that segregation levels are higher on average over weekends compared to that of weekdays. I use models to identify the characteristics of neighborhoods with higher levels of segregation on weekends, which include all demographic variables and nearly a third of 35 sectors of businesses and organizations, such as retail, personal care, and religious organizations. I also find more than a third of the sectors are associated with higher levels of segregation during business hours on weekdays, including academic institutions, health care, manufacturing, and financial institutions. Findings from this paper display the significance in the distinction between weekdays and weekends with where people spend their time and how this relates to racial segregation. Specifically, Black people, on average, stay in their home census tracts and visit non-White neighborhoods for organizational resources more so than White people. Significant patterns of associations between racial segregation and the majority of businesses demonstrate the salience of race for more industries than previously understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Chae
- Columbia University in the City of New York, Sociology, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Messeri L, Crockett MJ. Artificial intelligence and illusions of understanding in scientific research. Nature 2024; 627:49-58. [PMID: 38448693 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Scientists are enthusiastically imagining ways in which artificial intelligence (AI) tools might improve research. Why are AI tools so attractive and what are the risks of implementing them across the research pipeline? Here we develop a taxonomy of scientists' visions for AI, observing that their appeal comes from promises to improve productivity and objectivity by overcoming human shortcomings. But proposed AI solutions can also exploit our cognitive limitations, making us vulnerable to illusions of understanding in which we believe we understand more about the world than we actually do. Such illusions obscure the scientific community's ability to see the formation of scientific monocultures, in which some types of methods, questions and viewpoints come to dominate alternative approaches, making science less innovative and more vulnerable to errors. The proliferation of AI tools in science risks introducing a phase of scientific enquiry in which we produce more but understand less. By analysing the appeal of these tools, we provide a framework for advancing discussions of responsible knowledge production in the age of AI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Messeri
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - M J Crockett
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- University Center for Human Values, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Starr MC, Barreto E, Charlton J, Vega M, Brophy PD, Ray Bignall ON, Sutherland SM, Menon S, Devarajan P, Akcan Arikan A, Basu R, Goldstein S, Soranno DE. Advances in pediatric acute kidney injury pathobiology: a report from the 26th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) conference. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:941-953. [PMID: 37792076 PMCID: PMC10817846 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past decade, there have been substantial advances in our understanding of the pathobiology of pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI). In particular, animal models and studies focused on the relationship between kidney development, nephron number, and kidney health have identified a number of heterogeneous pathophysiologies underlying AKI. Despite this progress, gaps remain in our understanding of the pathobiology of pediatric AKI. METHODS During the 26th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) Consensus conference, a multidisciplinary group of experts discussed the evidence and used a modified Delphi process to achieve consensus on recommendations for opportunities to advance translational research in pediatric AKI. The current state of research understanding as well as gaps and opportunities for advancement in research was discussed, and recommendations were summarized. RESULTS Consensus was reached that to improve translational pediatric AKI advancements, diverse teams spanning pre-clinical to epidemiological scientists must work in concert together and that results must be shared with the community we serve with patient involvement. Public and private research support and meaningful partnerships with adult research efforts are required. Particular focus is warranted to investigate the pediatric nuances of AKI, including the effect of development as a biological variable on AKI incidence, severity, and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Although AKI is common and associated with significant morbidity, the biologic basis of the disease spectrum throughout varying nephron developmental stages remains poorly understood. An incomplete understanding of factors contributing to kidney health, the diverse pathobiologies underlying AKI in children, and the historically siloed approach to research limit advances in the field. The recommendations outlined herein identify gaps and outline a strategic approach to advance the field of pediatric AKI via multidisciplinary translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Starr
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, 1044 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Pediatric and Adolescent Comparative Effectiveness Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Erin Barreto
- Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer Charlton
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Molly Vega
- Renal and Apheresis Services, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick D Brophy
- Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - O N Ray Bignall
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Scott M Sutherland
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shina Menon
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Prasad Devarajan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ayse Akcan Arikan
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Critical Care and Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rajit Basu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stuart Goldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Danielle E Soranno
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, 1044 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Momplaisir F, Rogo T, Alexander Parrish R, Delair S, Rigaud M, Caine V, Absalon J, Word B, Hewlett D. Ending Race-Conscious College Admissions and Its Potential Impact on the Infectious Disease Workforce. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae083. [PMID: 38444821 PMCID: PMC10913839 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
On 29 June 2023, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that race-conscious consideration for college admission is unconstitutional. We discuss the consequences of this ruling on the delivery of equitable care and health system readiness to combat current and emerging pandemics. We propose strategies to mitigate the negative impact of this ruling on diversifying the infectious disease (ID) workforce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Momplaisir
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Penn Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tanya Rogo
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ronika Alexander Parrish
- Vaccines & Antivirals Medical and Scientific Affairs, Pfizer Biopharmaceuticals Group, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shirley Delair
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mona Rigaud
- Department of Pediatrics at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Hospital-Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Virginia Caine
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Judith Absalon
- Infectious Diseases & Virology, Development Clinical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceutical, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bonnie Word
- Houston Travel Medicine Clinic, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dial Hewlett
- Tuberculosis Services, Westchester Department of Health, Chair IDSA Committee on Diversity Access & Equity, White Plains, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hall SM, Kochin D, Carne C, Herterich P, Lewers KL, Abdelhack M, Ramasubramanian A, Michael Alphonse JF, Ung V, El-Gebali S, Currin CB, Plomp E, Thompson R, Sharan M. Ten simple rules for pushing boundaries of inclusion at academic events. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011797. [PMID: 38427633 PMCID: PMC10906823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Inclusion at academic events is facing increased scrutiny as the communities these events serve raise their expectations for who can practically attend. Active efforts in recent years to bring more diversity to academic events have brought progress and created momentum. However, we must reflect on these efforts and determine which underrepresented groups are being disadvantaged. Inclusion at academic events is important to ensure diversity of discourse and opinion, to help build networks, and to avoid academic siloing. All of these contribute to the development of a robust and resilient academic field. We have developed these Ten Simple Rules both to amplify the voices that have been speaking out and to celebrate the progress of many Equity, Diversity, and Inclusivity practices that continue to drive the organisation of academic events. The Rules aim to raise awareness as well as provide actionable suggestions and tools to support these initiatives further. This aims to support academic organisations such as the Deep Learning Indaba, Neuromatch Academy, the IBRO-Simons Computational Neuroscience Imbizo, Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG), Arabs in Neuroscience, FAIRPoints, and OLS (formerly Open Life Science). This article is a call to action for organisers to reevaluate the impact and reach of their inclusive practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Mackenzie Hall
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Deep Learning Indaba, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Kochin
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Kristen Lenay Lewers
- Information Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Abdelhack
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Arabs in Neuroscience, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Visotheary Ung
- ISYEB UMR 7205 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MNHN, SU, EPHE-PSL, UA. Botanique, Paris, France
| | - Sara El-Gebali
- SciLifeLab-Data Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
- FAIRPoints, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christopher Brian Currin
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Computational Neuroscience Imbizo, Cape Town, South Africa
- Deep Learning Indaba South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | - Esther Plomp
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Rachel Thompson
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Malvika Sharan
- OLS (formerly Open Life Science), Wimblington, United Kingdom
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lizarraga KJ, Gyang T, Benson RT, Birbeck GL, Johnston KC, Royal W, Sacco RL, Segal B, Vickrey BG, Griggs RC, Holloway RG. Seven Strategies to Integrate Equity within Translational Research in Neurology. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:432-441. [PMID: 38270253 PMCID: PMC10922988 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The rapidly accelerating translation of biomedical advances is leading to revolutionary therapies that are often inaccessible to historically marginalized populations. We identified and synthesized recent guidelines and statements to propose 7 strategies to integrate equity within translational research in neurology: (1) learn history; (2) learn about upstream forces; (3) diversify and liberate; (4) change narratives and adopt best communication practices; (5) study social drivers of health and lived experiences; (6) leverage health technologies; and (7) build, sustain, and lead culturally humble teams. We propose that equity should be a major goal of translational research, equally important as safety and efficacy. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:432-441.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tirisham Gyang
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard T. Benson
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Karen C. Johnston
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Walter Royal
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ralph L. Sacco
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Benjamin Segal
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Barbara G. Vickrey
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert C. Griggs
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ceberio N, Le P, Bailey J, Vernard S, Coleman N, Carrasco YP, King T, Bibbins-Domingo K, Nguyen T, Parangan-Smith A, Uwaezuoke K, Rivers RC, Watson K, Márquez-Magaña L, Mehta KM. Virtual BUILD Research Collaboratory: A biomedical data science training using innovative pedagogy to address structures of racism and inequitable stress for undergraduates of color. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294307. [PMID: 38412191 PMCID: PMC10898773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The unprecedented events of 2020 required a pivot in scientific training to better prepare the biomedical research workforce to address global pandemics, structural racism, and social inequities that devastate human health individually and erode it collectively. Furthermore, this pivot had to be accomplished in the virtual environment given the nation-wide lockdown. METHODS These needs and context led to leveraging of the San Francisco Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (SF BUILD) theories of change to innovate a Virtual BUILD Research Collaboratory (VBRC). The purpose of VBRC was to train Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) students to apply their unique perspectives to biomedical research. These training activities were evaluated using a pre-post survey design that included both validated and new psychosocial scales. A new scale was piloted to measure culturally relevant pedagogy. RESULTS VBRC scholars increased science identity on two items: thinking of myself as a scientist (+1point, p = 0.006) and belonging to a community of scientists (+1point, p = 0.069). Overall, scholars perceived stress also decreased over VBRC (-2.35 points, p = 0.02). Post VBRC, scholars had high agency scores (μ = 11.02, Md = 12, range = 6-12, σ = 1.62) and cultural humility scores (μ = 22.11, Md = 23, range = 12-24, σ = 2.71). No notable race/ethnic differences were found in any measures. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our innovative approach to data science training for BIPOC in unprecedented times shows promise for better preparing the workforce critically needed to address the fundamental gaps in knowledge at the intersection of public health, structural racism, and biomedical sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niquo Ceberio
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Applied Physics and Material Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Peter Le
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- School of Education, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jasmón Bailey
- University of Maryland—College Park, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sonthonax Vernard
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Skoll Foundation, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Nichole Coleman
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yazmin P. Carrasco
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Weill Cornell University of Graduate Medical Sciences, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Telisa King
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Journal of the American Medical Association, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tung Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Audrey Parangan-Smith
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kelechi Uwaezuoke
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Rivers
- Office of Minority Health Research Coordination, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kenjus Watson
- American University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Leticia Márquez-Magaña
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kala M. Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gibney E. Number of Black UK professors rises by 25% in one year. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-00249-8. [PMID: 38302702 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
|
24
|
Alberto IRI, Alberto NRI, Altinel Y, Blacker S, Binotti WW, Celi LA, Chua T, Fiske A, Griffin M, Karaca G, Mokolo N, Naawu DKN, Patscheider J, Petushkov A, Quion JM, Senteio C, Taisbak S, Tırnova İ, Tokashiki H, Velasquez A, Yaghy A, Yap K. A scientometric analysis of fairness in health AI literature. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002513. [PMID: 38241250 PMCID: PMC10798451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are central components of today's medical environment. The fairness of AI, i.e. the ability of AI to be free from bias, has repeatedly come into question. This study investigates the diversity of members of academia whose scholarship poses questions about the fairness of AI. The articles that combine the topics of fairness, artificial intelligence, and medicine were selected from Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Embase using keywords. Eligibility and data extraction from the articles were done manually and cross-checked by another author for accuracy. Articles were selected for further analysis, cleaned, and organized in Microsoft Excel; spatial diagrams were generated using Public Tableau. Additional graphs were generated using Matplotlib and Seaborn. Linear and logistic regressions were conducted using Python to measure the relationship between funding status, number of citations, and the gender demographics of the authorship team. We identified 375 eligible publications, including research and review articles concerning AI and fairness in healthcare. Analysis of the bibliographic data revealed that there is an overrepresentation of authors that are white, male, and are from high-income countries, especially in the roles of first and last author. Additionally, analysis showed that papers whose authors are based in higher-income countries were more likely to be cited more often and published in higher impact journals. These findings highlight the lack of diversity among the authors in the AI fairness community whose work gains the largest readership, potentially compromising the very impartiality that the AI fairness community is working towards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuksel Altinel
- Bagcilar Research and Training Hospital, General Surgery Department, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sarah Blacker
- Department of Social Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Warr Binotti
- New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leo Anthony Celi
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Chua
- University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Amelia Fiske
- Institute for History and Ethics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Molly Griffin
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gulce Karaca
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nkiruka Mokolo
- Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - David Kojo N Naawu
- Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | - Anton Petushkov
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Justin Michael Quion
- University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center Inc, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Charles Senteio
- Department of Library and Information Science, Rutgers University School of Communication and Information, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | | | - İsmail Tırnova
- Department of General Surgery, Baskent University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Harumi Tokashiki
- Department of Medicine, Carney Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Adrian Velasquez
- Department of Medicine, Carney Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Antonio Yaghy
- New England Eye Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Keagan Yap
- Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Alonzo EA, Lato TJ, Gonzalez M, Olson TL, Savage QR, Garza LN, Green MT, Koone JC, Cook NE, Dashnaw CM, Armstrong DB, Wood JL, Garbrecht LS, Haynes ML, Jacobson MR, Guberman-Pfeffer MJ, Minkara MS, Wedler HB, Zechmann B, Shaw BF. Universal pictures: A lithophane codex helps teenagers with blindness visualize nanoscopic systems. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj8099. [PMID: 38198555 PMCID: PMC10780880 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
People with blindness have limited access to the high-resolution graphical data and imagery of science. Here, a lithophane codex is reported. Its pages display tactile and optical readouts for universal visualization of data by persons with or without eyesight. Prototype codices illustrated microscopy of butterfly chitin-from N-acetylglucosamine monomer to fibril, scale, and whole insect-and were given to high schoolers from the Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired. Lithophane graphics of Fischer-Spier esterification reactions and electron micrographs of biological cells were also 3D-printed, along with x-ray structures of proteins (as millimeter-scale 3D models). Students with blindness could visualize (describe, recall, distinguish) these systems-for the first time-at the same resolution as sighted peers (average accuracy = 88%). Tactile visualization occurred alongside laboratory training, synthesis, and mentoring by chemists with blindness, resulting in increased student interest and sense of belonging in science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Alonzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Travis J. Lato
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Mayte Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Trevor L. Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Quentin R. Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Levi N. Garza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Morgan T. Green
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Jordan C. Koone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Noah E. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Chad M. Dashnaw
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | - John L. Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Lisa S. Garbrecht
- Texas Advanced Computing Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Madeline L. Haynes
- Texas Advanced Computing Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Miriam R. Jacobson
- Texas Advanced Computing Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Mona S. Minkara
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Bernd Zechmann
- Center for Microscopy and Imaging, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan F. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tyler L, Kennelly PJ, Engelman S, Block KF, Bobenko JC, Catalano J, Jones JA, Kanipes-Spinks MI, Lim YM, Loertscher J, Olafimihan T, Reiss H, Upchurch-Poole TL, Wei Y, Linenberger Cortes KJ, Moore VDG, Dries DR. Evolution of a self-renewing, participant-centered workshop series in BMB assessment. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 52:58-69. [PMID: 37815098 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
We present as a case study the evolution of a series of participant-centered workshops designed to meet a need in the life sciences education community-the incorporation of best practices in the assessment of student learning. Initially, the ICABL (Inclusive Community for the Assessment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/BMB Learning) project arose from a grass-roots effort to develop material for a national exam in biochemistry and molecular biology. ICABL has since evolved into a community of practice in which participants themselves-through extensive peer review and reflection-become integral stakeholders in the workshops. To examine this evolution, this case study begins with a pilot workshop supported by seed funding and thoughtful programmatic assessment, the results of which informed evidence-based changes that, in turn, led to an improved experience for the community. Using participant response data, the case study also reveals critical features for successful workshops, including participant-centered activities and the value of frequent peer review of participants' products. Furthermore, we outline a train-the-trainer model for creating a self-renewing community by bringing new perspectives and voices into an existing core leadership team. This case study, then, offers a blueprint for building a thriving, evolving community of practice that not only serves the needs of individual scientist-educators as they seek to enhance student learning, but also provides a pathway for elevating members to positions of leadership.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Tyler
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter J Kennelly
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Shelly Engelman
- Research and Evaluation, Custom EduEval LLC, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Kirsten F Block
- Education, Professional Development and Outreach, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer C Bobenko
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaclyn Catalano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jesica A Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, La Sierra University, Riverside, USA
| | - Margaret I Kanipes-Spinks
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yang Mooi Lim
- Department of Preclinical Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman - Kampus Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang, Malaysia
| | | | - Tejiri Olafimihan
- Education, Professional Development and Outreach, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Hailey Reiss
- Education, Professional Development and Outreach, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Yufeng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, New Jersey City University, Jersey City, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel R Dries
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Juniata College, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Capers Q, Thomas L. Enhancing the Pipeline for a Diverse Workforce. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2024; 33:71-76. [PMID: 37981338 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The lack of diversity in the physician workforce is a multifactorial problem. From elementary school through college, students from minority or socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds achieve despite attending underresourced schools, facing low expectations from peers and teachers, and overcoming unconscious biases among decision makers. These and other obstacles lead to significant attrition of talent by the time cohorts prepare to apply to medical school. Pipeline initiatives that inspire and prepare applicants from groups underrepresented in medicine are needed to swell the ranks of diverse individuals entering our profession.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quinn Capers
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Lia Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. https://twitter.com/DrLiaT1
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Stroup AM, Villanti AC, Pfund C, Benjamin EJ, Denlinger-Apte RL, Garcia-Cazarin ML, Kwan J, Stanton CA. Guidance for Addressing Conflicts, Bias, and Growth in Early Career Tobacco Regulatory Science Training Through Mentorship. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:111-114. [PMID: 37632690 PMCID: PMC10734379 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Stroup
- Behavioral Health and Health Policy Practice, Westat, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Andrea C Villanti
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Health Behavior, Society and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Christine Pfund
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Center for Education Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel L Denlinger-Apte
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Kwan
- Center for Tobacco Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Swartz TH, Aberg JA. Preserving the Future of Infectious Diseases: Why We Must Address the Decline in Compensation for Clinicians and Researchers. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:1387-1394. [PMID: 37436703 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases (ID) physicians play a pivotal role in patient care and public health, yet concerns are mounting about their under-compensation compared with other medical specialties. This trend sees ID physicians, including new graduates, receiving lower remuneration than their general and hospital medicine peers, despite their significant contributions. The persistent disparity in compensation has been identified as a key factor behind the declining interest in the ID specialty among medical students and residents, potentially threatening patient care quality, research advancement, and diversity within the ID workforce. This viewpoint underscores the urgent need for the ID community to rally behind the Infectious Diseases Society of America in advocating for fair compensation for ID physicians and researchers. While focusing on wellness and work-life balance is vital, it is critical to address compensation, a significant source of distress for physicians. Failure to confront the issue of under-compensation promptly may jeopardize the future growth and sustainability of the ID specialty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talia H Swartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Judith A Aberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
McCarthy PX, Gong X, Braesemann F, Stephany F, Rizoiu MA, Kern ML. The impact of founder personalities on startup success. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17200. [PMID: 37848462 PMCID: PMC10582098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Startup companies solve many of today's most challenging problems, such as the decarbonisation of the economy or the development of novel life-saving vaccines. Startups are a vital source of innovation, yet the most innovative are also the least likely to survive. The probability of success of startups has been shown to relate to several firm-level factors such as industry, location and the economy of the day. Still, attention has increasingly considered internal factors relating to the firm's founding team, including their previous experiences and failures, their centrality in a global network of other founders and investors, as well as the team's size. The effects of founders' personalities on the success of new ventures are, however, mainly unknown. Here, we show that founder personality traits are a significant feature of a firm's ultimate success. We draw upon detailed data about the success of a large-scale global sample of startups (n = 21,187). We find that the Big Five personality traits of startup founders across 30 dimensions significantly differ from that of the population at large. Key personality facets that distinguish successful entrepreneurs include a preference for variety, novelty and starting new things (openness to adventure), like being the centre of attention (lower levels of modesty) and being exuberant (higher activity levels). We do not find one 'Founder-type' personality; instead, six different personality types appear. Our results also demonstrate the benefits of larger, personality-diverse teams in startups, which show an increased likelihood of success. The findings emphasise the role of the diversity of personality types as a novel dimension of team diversity that influences performance and success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul X McCarthy
- The Data Science Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xian Gong
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fabian Braesemann
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- DWG Datenwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Fabian Stephany
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- DWG Datenwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marian-Andrei Rizoiu
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margaret L Kern
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Snyder RA, Burtness B, Cho M, Del Rivero J, Doroshow DB, Hitchcock KE, Kalyan A, Kim CA, Lukovic J, Parikh AR, Sanford NN, Singh B, Shen C, Shroff RT, Vijayvergia N, Goodman KA, Kunz PL. The room where it happens: addressing diversity, equity, and inclusion in National Clinical Trials Network clinical trial leadership. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:1132-1138. [PMID: 37364007 PMCID: PMC11009492 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Many multicenter randomized clinical trials in oncology are conducted through the National Clinical Trials Network (NCTN), an organization consisting of 5 cooperative groups. These groups are made up of multidisciplinary investigators who work collaboratively to conduct trials that test novel therapies and establish best practice for cancer care. Unfortunately, disparities in clinical trial leadership are evident. To examine the current state of diversity, equity, and inclusion across the NCTN, an independent NCTN Task Force for Diversity in Gastrointestinal Oncology was established in 2021, the efforts of which serve as the platform for this commentary. The task force sought to assess existing data on demographics and policies across NCTN groups. Differences in infrastructure and policies were identified across groups as well as a general lack of data regarding the composition of group membership and leadership. In the context of growing momentum around diversity, equity, and inclusion in cancer research, the National Cancer Institute established the Equity and Inclusion Program, which is working to establish benchmark data regarding diversity of representation within the NCTN groups. Pending these data, additional efforts are recommended to address diversity within the NCTN, including standardizing membership, leadership, and publication processes; ensuring diversity of representation across scientific and steering committees; and providing mentorship and training opportunities for women and individuals from underrepresented groups. Intentional and focused efforts are necessary to ensure diversity in clinical trial leadership and to encourage design of trials that are inclusive and representative of the broad population of patients with cancer in the United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Snyder
- Departments of Surgical Oncology and Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barbara Burtness
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, and Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - May Cho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jaydira Del Rivero
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Deborah B Doroshow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn E Hitchcock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aparna Kalyan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christina A Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jelena Lukovic
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aparna R Parikh
- Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nina N Sanford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bhuminder Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chan Shen
- Departments of Surgery and Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Rachna T Shroff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Namrata Vijayvergia
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karyn A Goodman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pamela L Kunz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, and Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nanglu K, de Carle D, Cullen TM, Anderson EB, Arif S, Castañeda RA, Chang LM, Iwama RE, Fellin E, Manglicmot RC, Massey MD, Astudillo‐Clavijo V. The nature of science: The fundamental role of natural history in ecology, evolution, conservation, and education. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10621. [PMID: 37877102 PMCID: PMC10591213 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a contemporary trend in many major research institutions to de-emphasize the importance of natural history education in favor of theoretical, laboratory, or simulation-based research programs. This may take the form of removing biodiversity and field courses from the curriculum and the sometimes subtle maligning of natural history research as a "lesser" branch of science. Additional threats include massive funding cuts to natural history museums and the maintenance of their collections, the extirpation of taxonomists across disciplines, and a critical under-appreciation of the role that natural history data (and other forms of observational data, including Indigenous knowledge) play in the scientific process. In this paper, we demonstrate that natural history knowledge is integral to any competitive science program through a comprehensive review of the ways in which they continue to shape modern theory and the public perception of science. We do so by reviewing how natural history research has guided the disciplines of ecology, evolution, and conservation and how natural history data are crucial for effective education programs and public policy. We underscore these insights with contemporary case studies, including: how understanding the dynamics of evolutionary radiation relies on natural history data; methods for extracting novel data from museum specimens; insights provided by multi-decade natural history programs; and how natural history is the most logical venue for creating an informed and scientifically literate society. We conclude with recommendations aimed at students, university faculty, and administrators for integrating and supporting natural history in their mandates. Fundamentally, we are all interested in understanding the natural world, but we can often fall into the habit of abstracting our research away from its natural contexts and complexities. Doing so risks losing sight of entire vistas of new questions and insights in favor of an over-emphasis on simulated or overly controlled studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karma Nanglu
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Danielle de Carle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Invertebrate ZoologyRoyal Ontario MuseumTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Thomas M. Cullen
- Department of GeosciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
- Negaunee Integrative Research CenterField Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Erika B. Anderson
- The HunterianUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Department of Earth and SpaceRoyal Ontario MuseumTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Suchinta Arif
- Department of BiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Rowshyra A. Castañeda
- Ecosystems and Ocean SciencesPacific Region, Fisheries and Oceans CanadaSidneyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | - Rafael Eiji Iwama
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Erica Fellin
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Davidson JD, de Oliveira Lopes FN, Safaei S, Hillemann F, Russell NJ, Schaare HL. Postdoctoral researchers' perspectives on working conditions and equal opportunities in German academia. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1217823. [PMID: 37842710 PMCID: PMC10570606 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1217823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Postdoctoral researchers (postdocs) are an essential component of the scientific workforce in German universities and research institutions and play a vital role in advancing knowledge and innovation. However, the experiences of postdocs and other early career researchers (ECRs) indicate that working conditions pose a significant challenge to the pursuit of a long-term research career in Germany-particularly for international scientists and those from marginalized groups. We examine how unstable working conditions as well as insufficient structural support for equal opportunities and diversity are significant obstacles for the career development of ECRs in German academia. We discuss these issues with the aid of an extensive survey recently conducted and published by PostdocNet, a target-group network representing the interests of postdocs across Germany's Max Planck Society. The survey drew responses from 659 postdoctoral researchers working at the Max Planck Society and represents one of the few datasets of postdoctoral researchers' perspectives in Germany. Building on these findings, we suggest actions at governmental, institutional, and individual levels to improve the working conditions of postdoctoral researchers in Germany.
Collapse
|
34
|
Soranno DE, Simon TD, Bora S, Lohr JL, Bagga B, Carroll K, Daniels SR, Davis SD, Fernandez Y Garcia E, Orange JS, Overholser B, Sedano S, Tarini BA, White MJ, Spector ND. Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in the Pediatric Faculty Research Workforce: Call to Action. Pediatrics 2023; 152:e2022060841. [PMID: 37529881 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-060841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamara D Simon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Samudragupta Bora
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Mothers, Babies and Women's Health Program, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jamie L Lohr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minnesota
| | - Bindiya Bagga
- Department of Pediatrics, LeBonheur Children's Hospital and University of Tennessee, College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kecia Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Stephanie D Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Erik Fernandez Y Garcia
- Division of General Pediatrics, UC Davis Health Department of Pediatrics, Sacramento, California
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Sabrina Sedano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Beth A Tarini
- Department of General and Community Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Michelle J White
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nancy D Spector
- Department of Pediatrics
- Drexel University, College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gallifant J, Zhang J, Whebell S, Quion J, Escobar B, Gichoya J, Herrera K, Jina R, Chidambaram S, Mehndiratta A, Kimera R, Marcelo A, Fernandez-Marcelo PG, Osorio JS, Villanueva C, Nazer L, Dankwa-Mullan I, Celi LA. A new tool for evaluating health equity in academic journals; the Diversity Factor. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002252. [PMID: 37578942 PMCID: PMC10424852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Current methods to evaluate a journal's impact rely on the downstream citation mapping used to generate the Impact Factor. This approach is a fragile metric prone to being skewed by outlier values and does not speak to a researcher's contribution to furthering health outcomes for all populations. Therefore, we propose the implementation of a Diversity Factor to fulfill this need and supplement the current metrics. It is composed of four key elements: dataset properties, author country, author gender and departmental affiliation. Due to the significance of each individual element, they should be assessed independently of each other as opposed to being combined into a simplified score to be optimized. Herein, we discuss the necessity of such metrics, provide a framework to build upon, evaluate the current landscape through the lens of each key element and publish the findings on a freely available website that enables further evaluation. The OpenAlex database was used to extract the metadata of all papers published from 2000 until August 2022, and Natural language processing was used to identify individual elements. Features were then displayed individually on a static dashboard developed using TableauPublic, which is available at www.equitablescience.com. In total, 130,721 papers were identified from 7,462 journals where significant underrepresentation of LMIC and Female authors was demonstrated. These findings are pervasive and show no positive correlation with the Journal's Impact Factor. The systematic collection of the Diversity Factor concept would allow for more detailed analysis, highlight gaps in knowledge, and reflect confidence in the translation of related research. Conversion of this metric to an active pipeline would account for the fact that how we define those most at risk will change over time and quantify responses to particular initiatives. Therefore, continuous measurement of outcomes across groups and those investigating those outcomes will never lose importance. Moving forward, we encourage further revision and improvement by diverse author groups in order to better refine this concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Gallifant
- Department of Intensive Care, Imperial College London NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Zhang
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Whebell
- Intensive Care Unit, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Justin Quion
- University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | - Judy Gichoya
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Karen Herrera
- Faculty of Medicine, Military Hospital, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Ruxana Jina
- The Epidemiology and Surveillance Section, National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Services, Gauteng Region, South Africa
- The Wits School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Abha Mehndiratta
- Center for Global Development, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Richard Kimera
- Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Alvin Marcelo
- University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Portia Grace Fernandez-Marcelo
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Cleva Villanueva
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lama Nazer
- Department of Pharmacy, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Irene Dankwa-Mullan
- Merative, & Center for AI, Research, and Evaluation, IBM Watson Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Leo Anthony Celi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Peterson DM, Flynn SM, Lanfear RS, Smith C, Swenson LJ, Belskis AM, Cook SC, Wheeler CT, Wilhelm JF, Burgin AJ. Team science: A syllabus for success on big projects. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10343. [PMID: 37529579 PMCID: PMC10388401 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interdisciplinary teams are on the rise as scientists attempt to address complex environmental issues. While the benefits of team science approaches are clear, researchers often struggle with its implementation, particularly for new team members. The challenges of large projects often weigh on the most vulnerable members of a team: trainees, including undergraduate students, graduate students, and post-doctoral researchers. Trainees on big projects have to navigate their role on the team, with learning project policies, procedures, and goals, all while also training in key scientific tasks such as co-authoring papers. To address these challenges, we created and participated in a project-specific, graduate-level team science course. The purposes of this course were to: (1) introduce students to the goals of the project, (2) build trainees' understanding of how big projects operate, and (3) allow trainees to explore how their research interests dovetailed with the overall project. Additionally, trainees received training regarding: (1) diversity, equity & inclusion, (2) giving and receiving feedback, and (3) effective communication. Onboarding through the team science course cultivated psychological safety and a collaborative student community across disciplines and institutions. Thus, we recommend a team science course for onboarding students to big projects to help students establish the skills necessary for collaborative research. Project-based team science classes can benefit student advancement, enhance the productivity of the project, and accelerate the discovery of solutions to ecological issues by building community, establishing a shared project vocabulary, and building a workforce with collaborative skills to better answer ecological research questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah M. Flynn
- Center for Ecological ResearchUniversity of Kansas and Kansas Biological Survey ‐ Center for Ecological ResearchLawrenceKansasUSA
| | - Riley S. Lanfear
- Department of Biological SciencesIdaho State UniversityPocatelloIdahoUSA
| | - Chelsea Smith
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA
| | - Logan J. Swenson
- University of Kansas and Kansas Geological SurveyLawrenceKansasUSA
| | - Alice M. Belskis
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementThe Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Stephen C. Cook
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
| | | | - Jessica F. Wilhelm
- Center for Ecological ResearchUniversity of Kansas and Kansas Biological Survey ‐ Center for Ecological ResearchLawrenceKansasUSA
| | - Amy J. Burgin
- Center for Ecological ResearchUniversity of Kansas and Kansas Biological Survey ‐ Center for Ecological ResearchLawrenceKansasUSA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rollin F, Van Doren V, Alvarez J, Rousselle R, Bussey-Jones J. Antiracist Structural Intervention at the Emory University Institutional Review Board. Ethics Hum Res 2023; 45:30-34. [PMID: 37368519 DOI: 10.1002/eahr.500174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Although racial and ethnic categories are social constructs without inherent biologic or genetic meaning, race and ethnicity impact health outcomes through racism. The use of racial categories in biomedical research often misattributes the cause of health inequities to genetic and inherent biological differences rather than to racism. Improving research practices around race and ethnicity is an urgent priority and requires education as well as structural change. We describe an evidence-based intervention for an institutional review board (IRB). Our IRB now requires all biomedical study protocols to define racial and ethnic classifications they plan to use, to state whether they are describing or explaining differences between groups, and to provide justification for any use of racial or ethnic group variables as covariates. This antiracist IRB intervention is an example of how research institutions can help ensure the scientific validity of studies and avoid the unscientific reification of race and ethnicity as inherently biological or genetic concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francois Rollin
- Assistant professor in the Department of Medicine at Emory University School of Medicine
| | | | - Jessica Alvarez
- Associate professor in the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids of the Department of Medicine at Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Rebecca Rousselle
- Assistant vice president of the Emory Human Research Protection Program and IRB at Emory University
| | - Jada Bussey-Jones
- Professor of medicine, section chief, and associate division director at Grady General Internal Medicine and the vice chair of diversity, equity, and inclusion in the Department of Medicine at Emory University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Amano T, Ramírez-Castañeda V, Berdejo-Espinola V, Borokini I, Chowdhury S, Golivets M, González-Trujillo JD, Montaño-Centellas F, Paudel K, White RL, Veríssimo D. The manifold costs of being a non-native English speaker in science. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002184. [PMID: 37463136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of English as the common language of science represents a major impediment to maximising the contribution of non-native English speakers to science. Yet few studies have quantified the consequences of language barriers on the career development of researchers who are non-native English speakers. By surveying 908 researchers in environmental sciences, this study estimates and compares the amount of effort required to conduct scientific activities in English between researchers from different countries and, thus, different linguistic and economic backgrounds. Our survey demonstrates that non-native English speakers, especially early in their careers, spend more effort than native English speakers in conducting scientific activities, from reading and writing papers and preparing presentations in English, to disseminating research in multiple languages. Language barriers can also cause them not to attend, or give oral presentations at, international conferences conducted in English. We urge scientific communities to recognise and tackle these disadvantages to release the untapped potential of non-native English speakers in science. This study also proposes potential solutions that can be implemented today by individuals, institutions, journals, funders, and conferences. Please see the Supporting information files (S2-S6 Text) for Alternative Language Abstracts and Figs 5 and 6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Amano
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Valeria Ramírez-Castañeda
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Violeta Berdejo-Espinola
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Israel Borokini
- University and Jepson Herbaria, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Shawan Chowdhury
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marina Golivets
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Flavia Montaño-Centellas
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | | | - Rachel Louise White
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Diogo Veríssimo
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lin Z, Yin Y, Liu L, Wang D. SciSciNet: A large-scale open data lake for the science of science research. Sci Data 2023; 10:315. [PMID: 37264014 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The science of science has attracted growing research interests, partly due to the increasing availability of large-scale datasets capturing the innerworkings of science. These datasets, and the numerous linkages among them, enable researchers to ask a range of fascinating questions about how science works and where innovation occurs. Yet as datasets grow, it becomes increasingly difficult to track available sources and linkages across datasets. Here we present SciSciNet, a large-scale open data lake for the science of science research, covering over 134M scientific publications and millions of external linkages to funding and public uses. We offer detailed documentation of pre-processing steps and analytical choices in constructing the data lake. We further supplement the data lake by computing frequently used measures in the literature, illustrating how researchers may contribute collectively to enriching the data lake. Overall, this data lake serves as an initial but useful resource for the field, by lowering the barrier to entry, reducing duplication of efforts in data processing and measurements, improving the robustness and replicability of empirical claims, and broadening the diversity and representation of ideas in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Lin
- Center for Science of Science and Innovation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yian Yin
- Center for Science of Science and Innovation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Lu Liu
- Center for Science of Science and Innovation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Dashun Wang
- Center for Science of Science and Innovation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu L, Jones BF, Uzzi B, Wang D. Data, measurement and empirical methods in the science of science. Nat Hum Behav 2023:10.1038/s41562-023-01562-4. [PMID: 37264084 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The advent of large-scale datasets that trace the workings of science has encouraged researchers from many different disciplinary backgrounds to turn scientific methods into science itself, cultivating a rapidly expanding 'science of science'. This Review considers this growing, multidisciplinary literature through the lens of data, measurement and empirical methods. We discuss the purposes, strengths and limitations of major empirical approaches, seeking to increase understanding of the field's diverse methodologies and expand researchers' toolkits. Overall, new empirical developments provide enormous capacity to test traditional beliefs and conceptual frameworks about science, discover factors associated with scientific productivity, predict scientific outcomes and design policies that facilitate scientific progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Center for Science of Science and Innovation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin F Jones
- Center for Science of Science and Innovation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brian Uzzi
- Center for Science of Science and Innovation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Dashun Wang
- Center for Science of Science and Innovation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tucci DL. NIDCD's 5-Year Strategic Plan Describes Scientific Priorities and Commitment to Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility. Ear Hear 2023; 44:437-439. [PMID: 36914597 PMCID: PMC11059193 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debara L Tucci
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lawson DW, Alami S, Somefun OD. Gendered conflict in the human family. EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2023; 5:e12. [PMID: 37587929 PMCID: PMC10426121 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual conflict is a thriving area of animal behaviour research. Yet parallel research in the evolutionary human sciences remains underdeveloped and has become mired by controversy. In this special collection, we aim to invigorate the study of fitness-relevant conflicts between women and men, advocating for three synergistic research priorities. First, we argue that a commitment to diversity is required to innovate the field, achieve ethical research practice, and foster fruitful dialogue with neighbouring social sciences. Accordingly, we have prioritised issues of diversity as editors, aiming to stimulate new connections and perspectives. Second, we call for greater recognition that human sex/gender roles and accompanying conflict behaviours are both subject to natural selection and culturally determined. This motivates our shift in terminology from sexual to gendered conflict when addressing human behaviour, countering stubborn tendencies to essentialise differences between women and men and directing attention to the role of cultural practices, normative sanctions and social learning in structuring conflict battlegrounds. Finally, we draw attention to contemporary policy concerns, including the wellbeing consequences of marriage practices and the gendered implications of market integration. Focus on these themes, combined with attendance to the dangers of ethnocentrism, promises to inform culturally sensitive interventions promoting gender equality worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W Lawson
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Sarah Alami
- The School of Collective Intelligence, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Morocco
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wiley Z, Hanna J, Kobaidze K, Franks N. Team Science: Advancing Women and Black, Indigenous, and other People
of Color on the Pathway of Conducting Clinical Research. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2023; 10:20499361231159501. [PMID: 36968552 PMCID: PMC10031592 DOI: 10.1177/20499361231159501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Innovative discovery begins with diverse perspectives; research teams should
harness this model. Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color (BIPOC) and
women are underrepresented as researchers. Team science leverages
collaborative and cross-disciplinary approaches to diversify the research
workforce, and introduces academic (and non-academic) faculty with limited
research exposure/experience to clinical research. Methods: In 2020, two Black women academic physicians implemented an academic
collaborative – COVID-19 Characteristics, Readmissions, Outcomes, and Social
Determinants of Health (CROSS) – to investigate COVID-19 health inequities,
with intentional recruitment of BIPOC and women. The 37 CROSS team members
were of diverse races, ethnicities, sex, specialties, and disciplines, and
represented eight hospitals. Team members were electronically surveyed to
determine their interest, desired activities, and level of participation in
research activities; concurrently, self-identified demographics (including
race, ethnicity, sex, and language(s) spoken) were obtained. Results: All team members completed the survey: 78.4% (n = 29) were
BIPOC and 78.4% (n = 29) were women. Team members spoke 18
languages (including English). Academic medical ranks included Assistant
Professor (32.4%; n = 12), Associate Professor (16.2%;
n = 6), and Full Professor (2.7%;
n = 1). Each member identified desired activities (data
collection, data analytics, manuscript development, abstract
development/poster presentation, serving as a consultant) and the percentage
of time they intended to allocate to each. Between June 2020 and February
2023, the team produced five original peer-reviewed manuscripts (including
this article); five members served as first or senior authors. Twenty-one
abstracts were presented at local conferences, and 10 at national and
regional conferences. Five members achieved academic promotion, and team
members were awarded three intramural grants resulting directly from team
collaborations. Conclusion: Intentional recruitment and assessment of team members’ desired levels of
participation in an integrated clinical research team is an effective
strategy to engage BIPOC and women. The CROSS Collaborative is a model for
diversity and inclusion in team science and clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmah Hanna
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ketino Kobaidze
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole Franks
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Stoff DM, Bowleg L, del Río-González AM, Rodriguez-Diaz CE, Zea MC. Critical Perspectives on Expanding Racial/Ethnic Diversity in the HIV Research Workforce: Comorbidities and Mentoring. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2023; 50:10901981231157795. [PMID: 36924258 PMCID: PMC10977082 DOI: 10.1177/10901981231157795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
HIV-related comorbidities in underrepresented minority populations are reframed to include the co-occurring problems of systemic and structural barriers, within the mentoring context as a buffer and as action-oriented. This framework is discussed to improve racial and ethnic minority diversity in the research workforce from the perspectives of HIV comorbidities and mentoring. An integrated and coordinated approach to HIV-related comorbidities and inequities may be helpful when combined with research on the social-structural contributions as drivers to diversify the research workforce. We emphasize how these key research issues (a) provide a platform for training and retraining a highly motivated, diverse workforce and (b) facilitate the empowerment of these trained individuals to conduct rigorous scientific research on social-structural factors to mitigate the effects of these comorbidities. We conclude that a diverse research workforce is necessary but insufficient for improving training-related outcomes or reducing comorbidity effects. Additional considerations are warranted that include systemic approaches and changes at the structural and institutional levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Stoff
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lisa Bowleg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Maria Cecilia Zea
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu F, Holme P, Chiesa M, AlShebli B, Rahwan T. Gender inequality and self-publication are common among academic editors. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:353-364. [PMID: 36646836 PMCID: PMC10038799 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Scientific editors shape the content of academic journals and set standards for their fields. Yet, the degree to which the gender makeup of editors reflects that of scientists, and the rate at which editors publish in their own journals, are not entirely understood. Here, we use algorithmic tools to infer the gender of 81,000 editors serving more than 1,000 journals and 15 disciplines over five decades. Only 26% of authors in our dataset are women, and we find even fewer women among editors (14%) and editors-in-chief (8%). Career length explains the gender gap among editors, but not editors-in-chief. Moreover, by analysing the publication records of 20,000 editors, we find that 12% publish at least one-fifth, and 6% publish at least one-third, of their papers in the journal they edit. Editors-in-chief tend to self-publish at a higher rate. Finally, compared with women, men have a higher increase in the rate at which they publish in a journal soon after becoming its editor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Liu
- Computer Science, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Petter Holme
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Center for Computational Social Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Matteo Chiesa
- Laboratory for Energy and Nano Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Physics and Technology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bedoor AlShebli
- Social Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Talal Rahwan
- Computer Science, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
DEIA is essential to advance the goals of translational science: Perspectives from NCATS. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e33. [PMID: 36845315 PMCID: PMC9947606 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2022.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) seeks to improve upon the translational process to advance research and treatment across all diseases and conditions and bring these interventions to all who need them. Addressing the racial/ethnic health disparities and health inequities that persist in screening, diagnosis, treatment, and health outcomes (e.g., morbidity, mortality) is central to NCATS' mission to deliver more interventions to all people more quickly. Working toward this goal will require enhancing diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) in the translational workforce and in research conducted across the translational continuum, to support health equity. This paper discusses how aspects of DEIA are integral to the mission of translational science (TS). It describes recent NIH and NCATS efforts to advance DEIA in the TS workforce and in the research we support. Additionally, NCATS is developing approaches to apply a lens of DEIA in its activities and research - with relevance to the activities of the TS community - and will elucidate these approaches through related examples of NCATS-led, partnered, and supported activities, working toward the Center's goal of bringing more treatments to all people more quickly.
Collapse
|
47
|
The effect of structural holes on producing novel and disruptive research in physics. Scientometrics 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-023-04635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
48
|
Higher-order rich-club phenomenon in collaborative research grant networks. Scientometrics 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-022-04621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AbstractModern scientific work, including writing papers and submitting research grant proposals, increasingly involves researchers from different institutions. In grant collaborations, it is known that institutions involved in many collaborations tend to densely collaborate with each other, forming rich clubs. Here we investigate higher-order rich-club phenomena in networks of collaborative research grants among institutions and their associations with research impact. Using publicly available data from the National Science Foundation in the US, we construct a bipartite network of institutions and collaborative grants, which distinguishes among the collaboration with different numbers of institutions. By extending the concept and algorithms of the rich club for dyadic networks to the case of bipartite networks, we find rich clubs both in the entire bipartite network and the bipartite subnetwork induced by the collaborative grants involving a given number of institutions up to five. We also find that the collaborative grants within rich clubs tend to be more impactful in a per-dollar sense than the control. Our results highlight advantages of collaborative grants among the institutions in the rich clubs.
Collapse
|
49
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Diversity in Pelvic Floor Disorders Research: A Matter of Equity and Inclusion. UROGYNECOLOGY (HAGERSTOWN, MD.) 2023; 29:1-4. [PMID: 36548100 DOI: 10.1097/spv.0000000000001308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|