1
|
Xiong H, Qiu H, Wang C, Qiu Y, Tan S, Chen K, Zhao F, Song J. Melatonin-loaded bioactive microspheres accelerate aged bone regeneration by formation of tunneling nanotubes to enhance mitochondrial transfer. Mater Today Bio 2024; 28:101175. [PMID: 39171100 PMCID: PMC11334827 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The repair of bone defects in the elderly individuals is significantly delayed due to cellular senescence and dysfunction, which presents a challenge in clinical settings. Furthermore, there are limited effective methods available to promote bone repair in older individuals. Herein, melatonin-loaded mesoporous bioactive glasses microspheres (MTBG) were successfully prepared based on their mesoporous properties. The repair of bone defects in aged rats was significantly accelerated by enhancing mitochondrial function through the sustained release of melatonin and bioactive ions. MTBG effectively rejuvenated senescent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by scavenging excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and increasing ATP synthesis. Analysis of the underlying mechanism revealed that the formation of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) facilitated the intercellular transfer of mitochondria, thereby resulting in the recovery of mitochondrial function. This study provides critical insights into the design of new biomaterials for the elderly individuals and the biological mechanism involved in aged bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huacui Xiong
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Huanhuan Qiu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yonghao Qiu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Shuyi Tan
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Fujian Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Capobianco DL, De Zio R, Profico DC, Gelati M, Simone L, D'Erchia AM, Di Palma F, Mormone E, Bernardi P, Sbarbati A, Gerbino A, Pesole G, Vescovi AL, Svelto M, Pisani F. Human neural stem cells derived from fetal human brain communicate with each other and rescue ischemic neuronal cells through tunneling nanotubes. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:639. [PMID: 39217148 PMCID: PMC11365985 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-07005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Pre-clinical trials have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of transplanted human neural stem cells (hNSCs) during the post-ischemic phase. However, the exact neuroprotective mechanism remains unclear. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are long plasma membrane bridges that physically connect distant cells, enabling the intercellular transfer of mitochondria and contributing to post-ischemic repair processes. Whether hNSCs communicate through TNTs and their role in post-ischemic neuroprotection remains unknown. In this study, non-immortalized hNSC lines derived from fetal human brain tissues were examined to explore these possibilities and assess the post-ischemic neuroprotection potential of these hNSCs. Using Tau-STED super-resolution confocal microscopy, live cell time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, and direct or non-contact homotypic co-cultures, we demonstrated that hNSCs generate nestin-positive TNTs in both 3D neurospheres and 2D cultures, through which they transfer functional mitochondria. Co-culturing hNSCs with differentiated SH-SY5Y (dSH-SY5Y) revealed heterotypic TNTs allowing mitochondrial transfer from hNSCs to dSH-SY5Y. To investigate the role of heterotypic TNTs in post-ischemic neuroprotection, dSH-SY5Y were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R) with or without hNSCs in direct or non-contact co-cultures. Compared to normoxia, OGD/R dSH-SY5Y became apoptotic with impaired electrical activity. When OGD/R dSH-SY5Y were co-cultured in direct contact with hNSCs, heterotypic TNTs enabled the transfer of functional mitochondria from hNSCs to OGD/R dSH-SY5Y, rescuing them from apoptosis and restoring the bioelectrical profile toward normoxic dSH-SY5Y. This complete neuroprotection did not occur in the non-contact co-culture. In summary, our data reveal the presence of a functional TNTs network containing nestin within hNSCs, demonstrate the involvement of TNTs in post-ischemic neuroprotection mediated by hNSCs, and highlight the strong efficacy of our hNSC lines in post-ischemic neuroprotection. Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) communicate with each other and rescue ischemic neurons through nestin-positive tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). A Functional mitochondria are exchanged via TNTs between hNSCs. B hNSCs transfer functional mitochondria to ischemic neurons through TNTs, rescuing neurons from ischemia/reperfusion ROS-dependent apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D L Capobianco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - R De Zio
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - D C Profico
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni, Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - M Gelati
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni, Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - L Simone
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni, Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - A M D'Erchia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM) CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - F Di Palma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - E Mormone
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni, Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - P Bernardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences. Unit of Human Anatomy, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A Sbarbati
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences. Unit of Human Anatomy, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - G Pesole
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM) CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - A L Vescovi
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni, Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Link Campus University, Rome, Italy
| | - M Svelto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM) CNR, Bari, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Rome, Italy
| | - F Pisani
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marabitti V, Vulpis E, Nazio F, Campello S. Mitochondrial Transfer as a Strategy for Enhancing Cancer Cell Fitness:Current Insights and Future Directions. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107382. [PMID: 39218420 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
It is now recognized that tumors are not merely masses of transformed cells but are intricately interconnected with healthy cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), forming complex and heterogeneous structures. Recent studies discovered that cancer cells can steal mitochondria from healthy cells to empower themselves, while reducing the functions of their target organ. Mitochondrial transfer, i.e. the intercellular movement of mitochondria, is recently emerging as a novel process in cancer biology, contributing to tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy by shaping the metabolic landscape of the tumor microenvironment. This review highlights the influence of transferred mitochondria on cancer bioenergetics, redox balance and apoptotic resistance, which collectively foster aggressive cancer phenotype. Furthermore, the therapeutic implications of mitochondrial transfer are discussed, emphasizing the potential of targeting these pathways to overcome drug resistance and improve treatment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marabitti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Vulpis
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Francesca Nazio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Silvia Campello
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ruhoff VT, Leijnse N, Doostmohammadi A, Bendix PM. Filopodia: integrating cellular functions with theoretical models. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00113-2. [PMID: 38969554 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Filopodia, widely distributed on cell surfaces, are distinguished by their dynamic extensions, playing pivotal roles in a myriad of biological processes. Their functions span from mechanosensing and guidance to cell-cell communication during cellular organization in the early embryo. Filopodia have significant roles in pathogenic processes, such as cancer invasion and viral dissemination. Molecular mapping of the filopodome has revealed generic components essential for filopodia functions. In parallel, recent insights into biophysical mechanisms governing filopodia dynamics have provided the foundation for broader investigations of filopodia's biological functions. We highlight recent discoveries of engagement of filopodia in various stages of development and pathogenesis and present an overview of intricate molecular and physical features of these cellular structures across a spectrum of cellular activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natascha Leijnse
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Amin Doostmohammadi
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Poul Martin Bendix
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 København Ø, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gunasekara H, Perera T, Chao CJ, Bruno J, Saed B, Anderson J, Zhao Z, Hu YS. Phalloidin-PAINT: Enhanced quantitative nanoscale imaging of F-actin. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00442-9. [PMID: 38961624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We present phalloidin-based points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (phalloidin-PAINT), enabling quantitative superresolution imaging of filamentous actin (F-actin) in the cell body and delicate membrane protrusions. We demonstrate that the intrinsic phalloidin dissociation enables PAINT superresolution microscopy in an imaging buffer containing low concentrations of dye-conjugated phalloidin. We further show enhanced single-molecule labeling by chemically promoting phalloidin dissociation. Two benefits of phalloidin-PAINT are its ability to consistently quantify F-actin at the nanoscale throughout the entire cell and its enhanced preservation of fragile cellular structures. In a proof-of-concept study, we employed phalloidin-PAINT to superresolve F-actin structures in U2OS and dendritic cells (DCs). We demonstrate more consistent F-actin quantification in the cell body and structurally delicate membrane protrusions of DCs compared with direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). Using DC2.4 mouse DCs as the model system, we show F-actin redistribution from podosomes to actin filaments and altered prevalence of F-actin-associated membrane protrusions on the culture glass surface after lipopolysaccharide exposure. The concept of our work opens new possibilities for quantitative protein-specific PAINT using commercially available reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirushi Gunasekara
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thilini Perera
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chih-Jia Chao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joshua Bruno
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Badeia Saed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jesse Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zongmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ying S Hu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bénard M, Chamot C, Schapman D, Debonne A, Lebon A, Dubois F, Levallet G, Komuro H, Galas L. Combining sophisticated fast FLIM, confocal microscopy, and STED nanoscopy for live-cell imaging of tunneling nanotubes. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302398. [PMID: 38649185 PMCID: PMC11035862 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication via tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) is a challenging topic with a growing interest. In this work, we proposed several innovative tools that use red/near-infrared dye labeling and employ lifetime-based imaging strategies to investigate the dynamics of TNTs in a living mesothelial H28 cell line that exhibits spontaneously TNT1 and TNT2 subtypes. Thanks to a fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy module being integrated into confocal microscopy and stimulated emission depletion nanoscopy, we applied lifetime imaging, lifetime dye unmixing, and lifetime denoising techniques to perform multiplexing experiments and time-lapses of tens of minutes, revealing therefore structural and functional characteristics of living TNTs that were preserved from light exposure. In these conditions, vesicle-like structures, and tubular- and round-shaped mitochondria were identified within living TNT1. In addition, mitochondrial dynamic studies revealed linear and stepwise mitochondrial migrations, bidirectional movements, transient backtracking, and fission events in TNT1. Transfer of Nile Red-positive puncta via both TNT1 and TNT2 was also detected between living H28 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Bénard
- University Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, Normandie Université, HeRacLeS US51, UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Christophe Chamot
- University Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, Normandie Université, HeRacLeS US51, UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Damien Schapman
- University Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, Normandie Université, HeRacLeS US51, UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Aurélien Debonne
- University Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, Normandie Université, HeRacLeS US51, UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
- University Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Université, UMR1245, Rouen, France
| | - Alexis Lebon
- University Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, Normandie Université, HeRacLeS US51, UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Fatéméh Dubois
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT UMR6030, Caen, France
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Guénaëlle Levallet
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT UMR6030, Caen, France
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Hitoshi Komuro
- University Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, Normandie Université, HeRacLeS US51, UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Galas
- University Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, Normandie Université, HeRacLeS US51, UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang Y, Peng Y, Du Y, Lin M, Li J, Gao D, Yang Z, Wang W, Zhou Y, Li X, Yan T, Qi X. Hierarchical self-recognition and response in CSC and non-CSC micro-niches for cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122581. [PMID: 38640783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) characterized by self-renewal, invasiveness, tumorigenicity and resistance to treatment are regarded as the thorniest issues in refractory tumors. We develop a targeted and hierarchical controlled release nano-therapeutic platform (SEED-NPs) that self-identifies and responds to CSC and non-CSC micro-niches of tumors. In non-CSC micro-niche, reactive oxygen species (ROS) trigger the burst release of the chemotherapeutic drug and photosensitizer to kill tumor cells and reduce tumor volume by combining chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT). In CSC micro-niche, the preferentially released differentiation drug induces CSC differentiation and transforms CSCs into chemotherapy-sensitive cells. SEED-NPs exhibit an extraordinary capacity for downregulating the stemness of CD44+/CD24- SP (side population) cell population both in vitro and in vivo, and reveal a 4-fold increase of tumor-targeted accumulation. Also, PDT-generated ROS promote the formation of tunneling nanotubes and facilitate the divergent network transport of drugs in deep tumors. Moreover, ROS in turn promotes CSC differentiation and drug release. This positive-feedback-loop strategy enhances the elimination of refractory CSCs. As a result, SEED-NPs achieve excellent therapeutic effects in both 4T1 SP tumor-bearing mice and regular 4T1 tumor-bearing mice without obvious toxicities and eradicate half of mice tumors. SEED-NPs integrate differentiation, chemotherapy and PDT, which proved feasible and valuable, indicating that active targeting and hierarchical release are necessary to enhance antitumor efficacy. These findings provide promising prospects for overcoming barriers in the treatment of CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yiwei Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yitian Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Meng Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Datong Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yanxia Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xinru Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Taiqiang Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Xianrong Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Iorio R, Petricca S, Mattei V, Delle Monache S. Horizontal mitochondrial transfer as a novel bioenergetic tool for mesenchymal stromal/stem cells: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential in a variety of diseases. J Transl Med 2024; 22:491. [PMID: 38790026 PMCID: PMC11127344 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Intercellular mitochondrial transfer (MT) is a newly discovered form of cell-to-cell signalling involving the active incorporation of healthy mitochondria into stressed/injured recipient cells, contributing to the restoration of bioenergetic profile and cell viability, reduction of inflammatory processes and normalisation of calcium dynamics. Recent evidence has shown that MT can occur through multiple cellular structures and mechanisms: tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), via gap junctions (GJs), mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) and other mechanisms (cell fusion, mitochondrial extrusion and migrasome-mediated mitocytosis) and in different contexts, such as under physiological (tissue homeostasis and stemness maintenance) and pathological conditions (hypoxia, inflammation and cancer). As Mesenchimal Stromal/ Stem Cells (MSC)-mediated MT has emerged as a critical regulatory and restorative mechanism for cell and tissue regeneration and damage repair in recent years, its potential in stem cell therapy has received increasing attention. In particular, the potential therapeutic role of MSCs has been reported in several articles, suggesting that MSCs can enhance tissue repair after injury via MT and membrane vesicle release. For these reasons, in this review, we will discuss the different mechanisms of MSCs-mediated MT and therapeutic effects on different diseases such as neuronal, ischaemic, vascular and pulmonary diseases. Therefore, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of MT and demonstrating its efficacy could be an important milestone that lays the foundation for future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Iorio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sabrina Petricca
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Della Salute e delle Professioni Sanitarie, Link Campus University, Via del Casale di San Pio V 44, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liang LY, Geoghegan ND, Mlodzianoski M, Leis A, Whitehead LW, Surudoi MG, Young SN, Janes P, Shepherd D, Ghosal D, Rogers KL, Murphy JM, Lucet IS. Co-clustering of EphB6 and ephrinB1 in trans restrains cancer cell invasion. Commun Biol 2024; 7:461. [PMID: 38627519 PMCID: PMC11021433 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
EphB6 is an understudied ephrin receptor tyrosine pseudokinase that is downregulated in multiple types of metastatic cancers. Unlike its kinase-active counterparts which autophosphorylate and transmit signals upon intercellular interaction, little is known about how EphB6 functions in the absence of intrinsic kinase activity. Here, we unveil a molecular mechanism of cell-cell interaction driven by EphB6. We identify ephrinB1 as a cognate ligand of EphB6 and show that in trans interaction of EphB6 with ephrinB1 on neighboring cells leads to the formation of large co-clusters at the plasma membrane. These co-clusters exhibit a decreased propensity towards endocytosis, suggesting a unique characteristic for this type of cell-cell interaction. Using lattice light-sheet microscopy, 3D structured illumination microscopy and cryo-electron tomography techniques, we show that co-clustering of EphB6 and ephrinB1 promotes the formation of double-membrane tubular structures between cells. Importantly, we also demonstrate that these intercellular structures stabilize cell-cell adhesion, leading to a reduction in the invasive behavior of cancer cells. Our findings rationalize a role for EphB6 pseudokinase as a tumor suppressor when interacting with its ligands in trans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Yu Liang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Niall D Geoghegan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Mlodzianoski
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Leis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Lachlan W Whitehead
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Minglyanna G Surudoi
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Peter Janes
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe School of Cancer Medicine, Level 5, ONJ Centre, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Doulin Shepherd
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Debnath Ghosal
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Kelly L Rogers
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Isabelle S Lucet
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou C, Huang M, Wang S, Chu S, Zhang Z, Chen N. Tunneling nanotubes: The transport highway for astrocyte-neuron communication in the central nervous system. Brain Res Bull 2024; 209:110921. [PMID: 38447659 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) have emerged as pivotal structures for intercellular communication, enabling the transfer of cellular components across distant cells. Their involvement in neurological disorders has attracted considerable scientific interest. This review delineates the functions of TNTs within the central nervous system, examining their role in the transmission of bioenergetic substrates, and signaling molecules, and their multifaceted impact on both physiological and pathological processes, with an emphasis on neurodegenerative diseases. The review highlights the selectivity and specificity of TNTs as dedicated pathways for intercellular cargo delivery, particularly under stress conditions that provoke increased TNT formation. The potential of TNTs as therapeutic targets is explored in depth. We pay particular attention to the interactions between astrocytes and neurons mediated by TNTs, which are fundamental to brain architecture and function. Dysfunctions in these interactions are implicated in the spread of protein aggregates and mitochondrial anomalies, contributing to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The review culminates with a synthesis of the current understanding of TNT biology and identifies research gaps, advocating for intensified exploration into TNTs as a promising therapeutic frontier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuixiang Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shifeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Naihong Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Halász H, Tárnai V, Matkó J, Nyitrai M, Szabó-Meleg E. Cooperation of Various Cytoskeletal Components Orchestrates Intercellular Spread of Mitochondria between B-Lymphoma Cells through Tunnelling Nanotubes. Cells 2024; 13:607. [PMID: 38607046 PMCID: PMC11011538 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane nanotubes (NTs) are dynamic communication channels connecting spatially separated cells even over long distances and promoting the transport of different cellular cargos. NTs are also involved in the intercellular spread of different pathogens and the deterioration of some neurological disorders. Transport processes via NTs may be controlled by cytoskeletal elements. NTs are frequently observed membrane projections in numerous mammalian cell lines, including various immune cells, but their functional significance in the 'antibody factory' B cells is poorly elucidated. Here, we report that as active channels, NTs of B-lymphoma cells can mediate bidirectional mitochondrial transport, promoted by the cooperation of two different cytoskeletal motor proteins, kinesin along microtubules and myosin VI along actin, and bidirectional transport processes are also supported by the heterogeneous arrangement of the main cytoskeletal filament systems of the NTs. We revealed that despite NTs and axons being different cell extensions, the mitochondrial transport they mediate may exhibit significant similarities. Furthermore, we found that microtubules may improve the stability and lifespan of B-lymphoma-cell NTs, while F-actin strengthens NTs by providing a structural framework for them. Our results may contribute to a better understanding of the regulation of the major cells of humoral immune response to infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henriett Halász
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Tárnai
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - János Matkó
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Nyitrai
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edina Szabó-Meleg
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pepe A, Groen J, Zurzolo C, Sartori-Rupp A. Correlative cryo-microscopy pipelines for in situ cellular studies. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 187:175-203. [PMID: 38705624 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2024.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Correlative cryo-microscopy pipelines combining light and electron microscopy and tomography in cryogenic conditions (cryoCLEM) on the same sample are powerful methods for investigating the structure of specific cellular targets identified by a fluorescent tag within their unperturbed cellular environment. CryoCLEM approaches circumvent one of the inherent limitations of cryo EM, and specifically cryo electron tomography (cryoET), of identifying the imaged structures in the crowded 3D environment of cells. Whereas several cryoCLEM approaches are based on thinning the sample by cryo FIB milling, here we present detailed protocols of two alternative cryoCLEM approaches for in situ studies of adherent cells at the single-cell level without the need for such cryo-thinning. The first approach is a complete cryogenic pipeline in which both fluorescence and electronic imaging are performed on frozen-hydrated samples, the second is a hybrid cryoCLEM approach in which fluorescence imaging is performed at room temperature, followed by rapid freezing and subsequent cryoEM imaging. We provide a detailed description of the two methods we have employed for imaging fluorescently labeled cellular structures with thickness below 350-500nm, such as cell protrusions and organelles located in the peripheral areas of the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pepe
- Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Johannes Groen
- NanoImaging Core Facility, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fahy K, Kapishnikov S, Donnellan M, McEnroe T, O'Reilly F, Fyans W, Sheridan P. Laboratory based correlative cryo-soft X-ray tomography and cryo-fluorescence microscopy. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 187:293-320. [PMID: 38705628 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2024.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Cryo-soft X-ray tomography is the unique technology that can image whole intact cells in 3D under normal and pathological conditions without labelling or fixation, at high throughput and spatial resolution. The sample preparation is relatively straightforward; requiring just fast freezing of the specimen before transfer to the microscope for imaging. It is also possible to image chemically fixed samples where necessary. The technique can be correlated with cryo fluorescence microscopy to localize fluorescent proteins to organelles within the whole cell volume. Cryo-correlated light and soft X-ray tomography is particularly useful for the study of gross morphological changes brought about by disease or drugs. For example, viral fluorescent tags can be co-localized to sites of viral replication in the soft X-ray volume. In general this approach is extremely useful in the study of complex 3D organelle structure, nanoparticle uptake or in the detection of rare events in the context of whole cell structure. The main challenge of soft X-ray tomography is that the soft X-ray illumination required for imaging has heretofore only been available at a small number of synchrotron labs worldwide. Recently, a compact device with a footprint small enough to fit in a standard laboratory setting has been deployed ("the SXT-100") and is routinely imaging cryo prepared samples addressing a variety of disease and drug research applications. The SXT-100 facilitates greater access to this powerful technique and greatly increases the scope and throughput of potential research projects. Furthermore, the availability of cryo-soft X-ray tomography in the laboratory will accelerate the development of novel correlative and multimodal workflows by integration with light and electron microscope based approaches. It also allows for co-location of this powerful imaging modality at BSL3 labs or other facilities where safety or intellectual property considerations are paramount. Here we describe the compact SXT-100 microscope along with its novel integrated cryo-fluorescence imaging capability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Fahy
- SiriusXT Ltd., Stillorgan Industrial Park, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | | | - Tony McEnroe
- SiriusXT Ltd., Stillorgan Industrial Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal O'Reilly
- SiriusXT Ltd., Stillorgan Industrial Park, Dublin, Ireland; University College Dublin, School of Physics, Dublin, Ireland; University College Dublin, School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William Fyans
- SiriusXT Ltd., Stillorgan Industrial Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Sheridan
- SiriusXT Ltd., Stillorgan Industrial Park, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lou E, Vérollet C, Winkler F, Zurzolo C, Valdebenito-Silva S, Eugenin E. Tunneling nanotubes and tumor microtubes-Emerging data on their roles in intercellular communication and pathophysiology: Summary of an International FASEB Catalyst Conference October 2023. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23514. [PMID: 38466151 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
In the past decade, there has been a steady rise in interest in studying novel cellular extensions and their potential roles in facilitating human diseases, including neurologic diseases, viral infectious diseases, cancer, and others. One of the exciting new aspects of this field is improved characterization and understanding of the functions and potential mechanisms of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), which are actin-based filamentous protrusions that are structurally distinct from filopodia. TNTs form and connect cells at long distance and serve as direct conduits for intercellular communication in a wide range of cell types in vitro and in vivo. More researchers are entering this field and investigating the role of TNTs in mediating cancer cell invasion and drug resistance, cellular transfer of proteins, RNA or organelles, and intercellular spread of infectious agents, such as viruses, bacteria, and prions. Even further, the elucidation of highly functional membrane tubes called "tumor microtubes" (TMs) in incurable gliomas has further paved a new path for understanding how and why the tumor type is highly invasive at the cellular level and also resistant to standard therapies. Due to the wide-ranging and rapidly growing applicability of TNTs and TMs in pathophysiology across the spectrum of biology, it has become vital to bring researchers in the field together to discuss advances and the future of research in this important niche of protrusion biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Lou
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christel Vérollet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- International Research Laboratory (IRP) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV", Toulouse, France
- International Research Laboratory (IRP) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3691, Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis, Paris, France
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Eliseo Eugenin
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Matejka N, Amarlou A, Neubauer J, Rudigkeit S, Reindl J. High-Resolution Microscopic Characterization of Tunneling Nanotubes in Living U87 MG and LN229 Glioblastoma Cells. Cells 2024; 13:464. [PMID: 38474428 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are fine, nanometer-sized membrane connections between distant cells that provide an efficient communication tool for cellular organization. TNTs are thought to play a critical role in cellular behavior, particularly in cancer cells. The treatment of aggressive cancers such as glioblastoma remains challenging due to their high potential for developing therapy resistance, high infiltration rates, uncontrolled cell growth, and other aggressive features. A better understanding of the cellular organization via cellular communication through TNTs could help to find new therapeutic approaches. In this study, we investigate the properties of TNTs in two glioblastoma cell lines, U87 MG and LN229, including measurements of their diameter by high-resolution live-cell stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and an analysis of their length, morphology, lifetime, and formation by live-cell confocal microscopy. In addition, we discuss how these fine compounds can ideally be studied microscopically. In particular, we show which membrane-labeling method is suitable for studying TNTs in glioblastoma cells and demonstrate that live-cell studies should be preferred to explore the role of TNTs in cellular behavior. Our observations on TNT formation in glioblastoma cells suggest that TNTs could be involved in cell migration and serve as guidance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Matejka
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Asieh Amarlou
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Neubauer
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Rudigkeit
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Judith Reindl
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gunasekara H, Perera T, Chao CJ, Bruno J, Saed B, Anderson J, Zhao Z, Hu YS. Quantitative Superresolution Imaging of F-Actin in the Cell Body and Cytoskeletal Protrusions Using Phalloidin-Based Single-Molecule Labeling and Localization Microscopy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.04.583337. [PMID: 38496456 PMCID: PMC10942307 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.04.583337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
We present single-molecule labeling and localization microscopy (SMLLM) using dye-conjugated phalloidin to achieve enhanced superresolution imaging of filamentous actin (F-actin). We demonstrate that the intrinsic phalloidin dissociation enables SMLLM in an imaging buffer containing low concentrations of dye-conjugated phalloidin. We further show enhanced single-molecule labeling by chemically promoting phalloidin dissociation. Two benefits of phalloidin-based SMLLM are better preservation of cellular structures sensitive to mechanical and shear forces during standard sample preparation and more consistent F-actin quantification at the nanoscale. In a proof-of-concept study, we employed SMLLM to super-resolve F-actin structures in U2OS and dendritic cells (DCs) and demonstrate more consistent F-actin quantification in the cell body and structurally delicate cytoskeletal proportions, which we termed membrane fibers, of DCs compared to direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). Using DC2.4 mouse dendritic cells as the model system, we show F-actin redistribution from podosomes to actin filaments and altered prevalence of F-actin-associated membrane fibers on the culture glass surface after lipopolysaccharide exposure. While our work demonstrates SMLLM for F-actin, the concept opens new possibilities for protein-specific single-molecule labeling and localization in the same step using commercially available reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirushi Gunasekara
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Thilini Perera
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Chih-Jia Chao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Joshua Bruno
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Badeia Saed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Jesse Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Zongmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ying S. Hu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Reyes-Ábalos AL, Álvarez-Zabaleta M, Olivera-Bravo S, Di Tomaso MV. Acute Genetic Damage Induced by Ethanol and Corticosterone Seems to Modulate Hippocampal Astrocyte Signaling. Int J Cell Biol 2024; 2024:5524487. [PMID: 38439918 PMCID: PMC10911912 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5524487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes maintain CNS homeostasis but also critically contribute to neurological and psychiatric disorders. Such functional diversity implies an extensive signaling repertoire including extracellular vesicles (EVs) and nanotubes (NTs) that could be involved in protection or damage, as widely shown in various experimental paradigms. However, there is no information associating primary damage to the astrocyte genome, the DNA damage response (DDR), and the EV and NT repertoire. Furthermore, similar studies were not performed on hippocampal astrocytes despite their involvement in memory and learning processes, as well as in the development and maintenance of alcohol addiction. By exposing murine hippocampal astrocytes to 400 mM ethanol (EtOH) and/or 1 μM corticosterone (CTS) for 1 h, we tested whether the induced DNA damage and DDR could elicit significant changes in NTs and surface-attached EVs. Genetic damage and initial DDR were assessed by immunolabeling against the phosphorylated histone variant H2AX (γH2AX), DDR-dependent apoptosis by BAX immunoreactivity, and astrocyte activation by the glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP) and phalloidin staining. Surface-attached EVs and NTs were examined via scanning electron microscopy, and labeled proteins were analyzed via confocal microscopy. Relative to controls, astrocytes exposed to EtOH, CTS, or EtOH+CTS showed significant increases in nuclear γlH2AX foci, nuclear and cytoplasmic BAX signals, and EV frequency at the expense of the NT amount, mainly upon EtOH, without detectable signs of morphological reactivity. Furthermore, the largest and most complex EVs originated only in DNA-damaged astrocytes. Obtained results revealed that astrocytes exposed to acute EtOH and/or CTS preserved their typical morphology but presented severe DNA damage, triggered canonical DDR pathways, and early changes in the cell signaling mediated by EVs and NTs. Further deepening of this initial morphological and quantitative analysis is necessary to identify the mechanistic links between genetic damage, DDR, cell-cell communication, and their possible impact on hippocampal neural cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Reyes-Ábalos
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable-Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Magdalena Álvarez-Zabaleta
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable-Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvia Olivera-Bravo
- Departamento de Neurobiología y Neuropatología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable-Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Vittoria Di Tomaso
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable-Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu B, Li X, Zhang JP, Li X, Yuan Y, Hou GH, Zhang HJ, Zhang H, Li Y, Mezzenga R. Protein Nanotubes as Advanced Material Platforms and Delivery Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307627. [PMID: 37921269 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein nanotubes (PNTs) as state-of-the-art nanocarriers are promising for various potential applications both in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Derived from edible starting sources like α-lactalbumin, lysozyme, and ovalbumin, PNTs bear properties of biocompatibility and biodegradability. Their large specific surface area and hydrophobic core facilitate chemical modification and loading of bioactive substances, respectively. Moreover, their enhanced permeability and penetration ability across biological barriers such as intestinal mucus, extracellular matrix, and thrombus clot, make it promising platforms for health-related applications. Most importantly, their simple preparation processes enable large-scale production, supporting applications in the biomedical and nanotechnological fields. Understanding the self-assembly principles is crucial for controlling their morphology, size, and shape, and thus provides the ground to a multitude of applications. Here, the current state-of-the-art of PNTs including their building materials, physicochemical properties, and self-assembly mechanisms are comprehensively reviewed. The advantages and limitations, as well as challenges and prospects for their successful applications in biomaterial and pharmaceutical sectors are then discussed and highlighted. Potential cytotoxicity of PNTs and the need of regulations as critical factors for enabling in vivo applications are also highlighted. In the end, a brief summary and future prospects for PNTs as advanced platforms and delivery systems are included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100091, P. R. China
| | - Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Ji Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Guo Hua Hou
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Hui Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Szabó-Meleg E. Intercellular Highways in Transport Processes. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 73:173-201. [PMID: 39242380 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Communication among cells is vital in multicellular organisms. Various structures and mechanisms have evolved over time to achieve the intricate flow of material and information during this process. One such way of communication is through tunnelling membrane nanotubes (TNTs), which were initially described in 2004. These TNTs are membrane-bounded actin-rich cellular extensions, facilitating direct communication between distant cells. They exhibit remarkable diversity in terms of structure, morphology, and function, in which cytoskeletal proteins play an essential role. Biologically, TNTs play a crucial role in transporting membrane components, cell organelles, and nucleic acids, and they also present opportunities for the efficient transmission of bacteria and viruses, furthermore, may contribute to the dissemination of misfolded proteins in certain neurodegenerative diseases. Convincing results of studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo indicate that TNTs play roles in various biomedical processes, including cell differentiation, tissue regeneration, neurodegenerative diseases, immune response and function, as well as tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edina Szabó-Meleg
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
McDonald H, Gardner-Russell J, Alarcon-Martinez L. Orchestrating Blood Flow in the Retina: Interpericyte Tunnelling Nanotube Communication. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 73:229-247. [PMID: 39242382 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The retina transforms light into electrical signals, which are sent to the brain via the optic nerve to form our visual perception. This complex signal processing is performed by the retinal neuron and requires a significant amount of energy. Since neurons are unable to store energy, they must obtain glucose and oxygen from the bloodstream to produce energy to match metabolic needs. This process is called neurovascular coupling (NVC), and it is based on a precise mechanism that is not totally understood. The discovery of fine tubular processes termed tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) set a new type of cell-to-cell communication. TNTs are extensions of the cellular membrane that allow the transfer of material between connected cells. Recently, they have been reported in the brain and retina of living mice, where they connect pericytes, which are vascular mural cells that regulate vessel diameter. Accordingly, these TNTs were termed interpericyte tunnelling nanotubes (IPTNTs), which showed a vital role in blood delivery and NVC. In this chapter, we review the involvement of TNTs in NVC and discuss their implications in retinal neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah McDonald
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jesse Gardner-Russell
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luis Alarcon-Martinez
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rey-Barroso J, Dufrançais O, Vérollet C. Tunneling Nanotubes in Myeloid Cells: Perspectives for Health and Infectious Diseases. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 73:419-434. [PMID: 39242388 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are cellular connections, which represent a novel route for cell-to-cell communication. Strong evidence points to a role for TNTs in the intercellular transfer of signals, molecules, organelles, and pathogens, involving them in many cellular functions. In myeloid cells (e.g., monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and osteoclasts), intercellular communication via TNT contributes to their differentiation and immune functions, by favoring material and pathogen transfer, as well as cell fusion. This chapter addresses the complexity of the definition and characterization of TNTs in myeloid cells, the different processes involved in their formation, their existence in vivo, and finally their function(s) in health and infectious diseases, with the example of HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rey-Barroso
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Ophélie Dufrançais
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Vérollet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.
- International Research Laboratory (IRP) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV", Toulouse, France.
- International Research Laboratory (IRP) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV", Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Padmanabhan S, Deniz K, Sarkari A, Lou E. Tunneling Nanotubes: Implications for Chemoresistance. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 73:353-373. [PMID: 39242386 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are thin, membranous protrusions that connect cells and allow for the transfer of various molecules, including proteins, organelles, and genetic material. TNTs have been implicated in a wide range of biological processes, including intercellular communication, drug resistance, and viral transmission. In cancer, they have been investigated more deeply over the past decade for their potentially pivotal role in tumor progression and metastasis. TNTs, as cell contact-dependent protrusions that form at short and long distances, enable the exchange of signaling molecules and cargo between cancer cells, facilitating communication and coordination of their actions. This coordination induces a synchronization that is believed to mediate the TNT-directed evolution of drug resistance by allowing cancer cells to coordinate, including through direct expulsion of chemotherapeutic drugs to neighboring cells. Despite advances in the overall field of TNT biology since the first published report of their existence in 2004 (Rustom A, Saffrich R, Markovic I, Walther P, Gerdes HH, Science. 303:1007-10, 2004), the mechanisms of formation and components vital for the function of TNTs are complex and not yet fully understood. However, several factors have been implicated in their regulation, including actin polymerization, microtubule dynamics, and signaling pathways. The discovery of TNT-specific components that are necessary and sufficient for their formation, maintenance, and action opens a new potential avenue for drug discovery in cancer. Thus, targeting TNTs may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. By disrupting TNT formation or function, it may be possible to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis and overcome drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Deniz
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Akshat Sarkari
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Emil Lou
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Budinger D, Baker V, Heneka MT. Tunneling Nanotubes in the Brain. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 73:203-227. [PMID: 39242381 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) have emerged as intriguing structures facilitating intercellular communications across diverse cell types, which are integral to several biological processes, as well as participating in various disease progression. This review provides an in-depth analysis of TNTs, elucidating their structural characteristics and functional roles, with a particular focus on their significance within the brain environment and their implications in neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. We explore the interplay between TNTs and neurological diseases, offering potential mechanistic insights into disease progression, while also highlighting their potential as viable therapeutic targets. Additionally, we address the significant challenges associated with studying TNTs, from technical limitations to their investigation in complex biological systems. By addressing some of these challenges, this review aims to pave the way for further exploration into TNTs, establishing them as a central focus in advancing our understanding of neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Budinger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Vivian Baker
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Henderson JM, Ljubojevic N, Belian S, Chaze T, Castaneda D, Battistella A, Giai Gianetto Q, Matondo M, Descroix S, Bassereau P, Zurzolo C. Tunnelling nanotube formation is driven by Eps8/IRSp53-dependent linear actin polymerization. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113761. [PMID: 38009333 PMCID: PMC10711657 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) connect distant cells and mediate cargo transfer for intercellular communication in physiological and pathological contexts. How cells generate these actin-mediated protrusions to span lengths beyond those attainable by canonical filopodia remains unknown. Through a combination of micropatterning, microscopy, and optical tweezer-based approaches, we demonstrate that TNTs formed through the outward extension of actin achieve distances greater than the mean length of filopodia and that branched Arp2/3-dependent pathways attenuate the extent to which actin polymerizes in nanotubes, thus limiting their occurrence. Proteomic analysis using epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate 8 (Eps8) as a positive effector of TNTs showed that, upon Arp2/3 inhibition, proteins enhancing filament turnover and depolymerization were reduced and Eps8 instead exhibited heightened interactions with the inverted Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (I-BAR) domain protein IRSp53 that provides a direct connection with linear actin polymerases. Our data reveals how common protrusion players (Eps8 and IRSp53) form tunnelling nanotubes, and that when competing pathways overutilizing such proteins and monomeric actin in Arp2/3 networks are inhibited, processes promoting linear actin growth dominate to favour tunnelling nanotube formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Henderson
- Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Cell Biology and InfectionCNRS UMR 3691, Université de Paris, Institut PasteurParisFrance
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico‐Chimie CurieParisFrance
- Present address:
Department of ChemistryBowdoin CollegeBrunswickMEUSA
| | - Nina Ljubojevic
- Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Cell Biology and InfectionCNRS UMR 3691, Université de Paris, Institut PasteurParisFrance
- Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Sevan Belian
- Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Cell Biology and InfectionCNRS UMR 3691, Université de Paris, Institut PasteurParisFrance
- Université Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Thibault Chaze
- Proteomics Platform, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR 2000, Institut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Daryl Castaneda
- Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Cell Biology and InfectionCNRS UMR 3691, Université de Paris, Institut PasteurParisFrance
- Keele UniversityKeeleUK
| | - Aude Battistella
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico‐Chimie CurieParisFrance
| | - Quentin Giai Gianetto
- Proteomics Platform, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR 2000, Institut PasteurParisFrance
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Computational Biology DepartmentCNRS USR 3756, Institut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Proteomics Platform, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR 2000, Institut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Stéphanie Descroix
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico‐Chimie CurieParisFrance
- Institut Pierre‐Gilles de GennesParisFrance
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico‐Chimie CurieParisFrance
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Cell Biology and InfectionCNRS UMR 3691, Université de Paris, Institut PasteurParisFrance
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical BiotechnologyUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Belian S, Korenkova O, Zurzolo C. Actin-based protrusions at a glance. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261156. [PMID: 37987375 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin-based protrusions are at the base of many fundamental cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, migration and intercellular communication. In recent decades, the discovery of new types of actin-based protrusions with unique functions has enriched our comprehension of cellular processes. However, as the repertoire of protrusions continues to expand, the rationale behind the classification of newly identified and previously known structures becomes unclear. Although current nomenclature allows good categorization of protrusions based on their functions, it struggles to distinguish them when it comes to structure, composition or formation mechanisms. In this Cell Science at a Glance article, we discuss the different types of actin-based protrusions, focusing on filopodia, cytonemes and tunneling nanotubes, to help better distinguish and categorize them based on their structural and functional differences and similarities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevan Belian
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3691, Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis, F-75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olga Korenkova
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3691, Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis, F-75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3691, Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis, F-75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sarkari A, Korenfeld S, Deniz K, Ladner K, Wong P, Padmanabhan S, Vogel RI, Sherer LA, Courtemanche N, Steer C, Wainer-Katsir K, Lou E. Treatment with tumor-treating fields (TTFields) suppresses intercellular tunneling nanotube formation in vitro and upregulates immuno-oncologic biomarkers in vivo in malignant mesothelioma. eLife 2023; 12:e85383. [PMID: 37955637 PMCID: PMC10642963 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of intercellular communication within tumors is emerging as a novel potential strategy for cancer-directed therapy. Tumor-Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy is a treatment modality that has itself emerged over the past decade in active clinical use for patients with glioblastoma and malignant mesothelioma, based on the principle of using low-intensity alternating electric fields to disrupt microtubules in cancer cells undergoing mitosis. There is a need to identify other cellular and molecular effects of this treatment approach that could explain reported increased overall survival when TTFields are added to standard systemic agents. Tunneling nanotube (TNTs) are cell-contact-dependent filamentous-actin-based cellular protrusions that can connect two or more cells at long-range. They are upregulated in cancer, facilitating cell growth, differentiation, and in the case of invasive cancer phenotypes, a more chemoresistant phenotype. To determine whether TNTs present a potential therapeutic target for TTFields, we applied TTFields to malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells forming TNTs in vitro. TTFields at 1.0 V/cm significantly suppressed TNT formation in biphasic subtype MPM, but not sarcomatoid MPM, independent of effects on cell number. TTFields did not significantly affect function of TNTs assessed by measuring intercellular transport of mitochondrial cargo via intact TNTs. We further leveraged a spatial transcriptomic approach to characterize TTFields-induced changes to molecular profiles in vivo using an animal model of MPM. We discovered TTFields induced upregulation of immuno-oncologic biomarkers with simultaneous downregulation of pathways associated with cell hyperproliferation, invasion, and other critical regulators of oncogenic growth. Several molecular classes and pathways coincide with markers that we and others have found to be differentially expressed in cancer cell TNTs, including MPM specifically. We visualized short TNTs in the dense stromatous tumor material selected as regions of interest for spatial genomic assessment. Superimposing these regions of interest from spatial genomics over the plane of TNT clusters imaged in intact tissue is a new method that we designate Spatial Profiling of Tunneling nanoTubes (SPOTT). In sum, these results position TNTs as potential therapeutic targets for TTFields-directed cancer treatment strategies. We also identified the ability of TTFields to remodel the tumor microenvironment landscape at the molecular level, thereby presenting a potential novel strategy for converting tumors at the cellular level from 'cold' to 'hot' for potential response to immunotherapeutic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshat Sarkari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Sophie Korenfeld
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Karina Deniz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Katherine Ladner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Phillip Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Sanyukta Padmanabhan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Rachel I Vogel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Laura A Sherer
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Naomi Courtemanche
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Clifford Steer
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | | | - Emil Lou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Graduate Faculty, Integrative Biology and Physiology Department, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Melwani PK, Pandey BN. Tunneling nanotubes: The intercellular conduits contributing to cancer pathogenesis and its therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189028. [PMID: 37993000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are intercellular conduits which meet the communication needs of non-adjacent cells situated in the same tissue but at distances up to a few hundred microns. TNTs are unique type of membrane protrusion which contain F-actin and freely hover over substratum in the extracellular space to connect the distant cells. TNTs, known to form through actin remodeling mechanisms, are intercellular bridges that connect cytoplasm of two cells, and facilitate the transfer of organelles, molecules, and pathogens among the cells. In tumor microenvironment, TNTs act as communication channel among cancer, normal, and immune cells to facilitate the transfer of calcium waves, mitochondria, lysosomes, and proteins, which in turn contribute to the survival, metastasis, and chemo-resistance in cancer cells. Recently, TNTs were shown to mediate the transfer of nanoparticles, drugs, and viruses between cells, suggesting that TNTs could be exploited as a potential route for delivery of anti-cancer agents and oncolytic viruses to the target cells. The present review discusses the emerging concepts and role of TNTs in the context of chemo- and radio-resistance with implications in the cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kamal Melwani
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Badri Narain Pandey
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu Y, Fu T, Li G, Li B, Luo G, Li N, Geng Q. Mitochondrial transfer between cell crosstalk - An emerging role in mitochondrial quality control. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102038. [PMID: 37625463 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular signaling and component conduction are essential for multicellular organisms' homeostasis, and mitochondrial transcellular transport is a key example of such cellular component exchange. In physiological situations, mitochondrial transfer is linked with biological development, energy coordination, and clearance of harmful components, remarkably playing important roles in maintaining mitochondrial quality. Mitochondria are engaged in many critical biological activities, like oxidative metabolism and biomolecular synthesis, and are exclusively prone to malfunction in pathological processes. Importantly, severe mitochondrial damage will further amplify the defects in the mitochondrial quality control system, which will mobilize more active mitochondrial transfer, replenish exogenous healthy mitochondria, and remove endogenous damaged mitochondria to facilitate disease outcomes. This review explores intercellular mitochondrial transport in cells, its role in cellular mitochondrial quality control, and the linking mechanisms in cellular crosstalk. We also describe advances in therapeutic strategies for diseases that target mitochondrial transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tinglv Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guorui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Boyang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoqing Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
El Najjar F, Castillo SR, Moncman CL, Wu CY, Isla E, Velez Ortega AC, Frolenkov GI, Cifuentes-Munoz N, Dutch RE. Imaging analysis reveals budding of filamentous human metapneumovirus virions and direct transfer of inclusion bodies through intercellular extensions. mBio 2023; 14:e0158923. [PMID: 37681946 PMCID: PMC10653870 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01589-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Human metapneumovirus is an important respiratory pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in the very young, the elderly, and the immunosuppressed. However, the molecular details of how this virus spreads to new target cells are unclear. This work provides important new information on the formation of filamentous structures that are consistent with virus particles and adds critical new insight into the structure of extensions between cells that form during infection. In addition, it demonstrates for the first time the movement of viral replication centers through these intercellular extensions, representing a new mode of direct cell-to-cell spread that may be applicable to other viral systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah El Najjar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Santiago Restrepo Castillo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Carole L. Moncman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Cheng-Yu Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Eduardo Isla
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Gregory I. Frolenkov
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nicolas Cifuentes-Munoz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rebecca Ellis Dutch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dagar S, Subramaniam S. Tunneling Nanotube: An Enticing Cell-Cell Communication in the Nervous System. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1288. [PMID: 37886998 PMCID: PMC10604474 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The field of neuroscience is rapidly progressing, continuously uncovering new insights and discoveries. Among the areas that have shown immense potential in research, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) have emerged as a promising subject of study. These minute structures act as conduits for the transfer of cellular materials between cells, representing a mechanism of communication that holds great significance. In particular, the interplay facilitated by TNTs among various cell types within the brain, including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, glial cells, and microglia, can be essential for the normal development and optimal functioning of this complex organ. The involvement of TNTs in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease, has attracted significant attention. These disorders are characterized by the progressive degeneration of neurons and the subsequent decline in brain function. Studies have predicted that TNTs likely play critical roles in the propagation and spread of pathological factors, contributing to the advancement of these diseases. Thus, there is a growing interest in understanding the precise functions and mechanisms of TNTs within the nervous system. This review article, based on our recent work on Rhes-mediated TNTs, aims to explore the functions of TNTs within the brain and investigate their implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Using the knowledge gained from studying TNTs could offer novel opportunities for designing targeted treatments that can stop the progression of neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunayana Dagar
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Srinivasa Subramaniam
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, 130 Scripps Way, C323, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Capobianco DL, Simone L, Svelto M, Pisani F. Intercellular crosstalk mediated by tunneling nanotubes between central nervous system cells. What we need to advance. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1214210. [PMID: 37670766 PMCID: PMC10475722 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1214210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-range intercellular communication between Central Nervous System (CNS) cells is an essential process for preserving CNS homeostasis. Paracrine signaling, extracellular vesicles, neurotransmitters and synapses are well-known mechanisms involved. A new form of intercellular crosstalk mechanism based on Tunneling Nanotubes (TNTs), suggests a new way to understand how neural cells interact with each other in controlling CNS functions. TNTs are long intercellular bridges that allow the intercellular transfer of cargoes and signals from one cell to another contributing to the control of tissue functionality. CNS cells communicate with each other via TNTs, through which ions, organelles and other signals are exchanged. Unfortunately, almost all these results were obtained through 2D in-vitro models, and fundamental mechanisms underlying TNTs-formation still remain elusive. Consequently, many questions remain open, and TNTs role in CNS remains largely unknown. In this review, we briefly discuss the state of the art regarding TNTs identification and function. We highlight the gaps in the knowledge of TNTs and discuss what is needed to accelerate TNTs-research in CNS-physiology. To this end, it is necessary to: 1) Develop an ad-hoc TNTs-imaging and software-assisted processing tool to improve TNTs-identification and quantification, 2) Identify specific molecular pathways involved into TNTs-formation, 3) Use in-vitro 3D-CNS and animal models to investigate TNTs-role in a more physiological context pushing the limit of live-microscopy techniques. Although there are still many steps to be taken, we believe that the study of TNTs is a new and fascinating frontier that could significantly contribute to deciphering CNS physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. L. Capobianco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - L. Simone
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Cancer Stem Cells Unit, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - M. Svelto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - F. Pisani
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zaninello M, Bean C. Highly Specialized Mechanisms for Mitochondrial Transport in Neurons: From Intracellular Mobility to Intercellular Transfer of Mitochondria. Biomolecules 2023; 13:938. [PMID: 37371518 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly specialized structure and function of neurons depend on a sophisticated organization of the cytoskeleton, which supports a similarly sophisticated system to traffic organelles and cargo vesicles. Mitochondria sustain crucial functions by providing energy and buffering calcium where it is needed. Accordingly, the distribution of mitochondria is not even in neurons and is regulated by a dynamic balance between active transport and stable docking events. This system is finely tuned to respond to changes in environmental conditions and neuronal activity. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which mitochondria are selectively transported in different compartments, taking into account the structure of the cytoskeleton, the molecular motors and the metabolism of neurons. Remarkably, the motor proteins driving the mitochondrial transport in axons have been shown to also mediate their transfer between cells. This so-named intercellular transport of mitochondria is opening new exciting perspectives in the treatment of multiple diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zaninello
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Camilla Bean
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nakhle J, Khattar K, Özkan T, Boughlita A, Abba Moussa D, Darlix A, Lorcy F, Rigau V, Bauchet L, Gerbal-Chaloin S, Daujat-Chavanieu M, Bellvert F, Turchi L, Virolle T, Hugnot JP, Buisine N, Galloni M, Dardalhon V, Rodriguez AM, Vignais ML. Mitochondria Transfer from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Confers Chemoresistance to Glioblastoma Stem Cells through Metabolic Rewiring. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1041-1056. [PMID: 37377608 PMCID: PMC10266428 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are heterogeneous tumors with high metabolic plasticity. Their poor prognosis is linked to the presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSC), which support resistance to therapy, notably to temozolomide (TMZ). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) recruitment to GBM contributes to GSC chemoresistance, by mechanisms still poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that MSCs transfer mitochondria to GSCs through tunneling nanotubes, which enhances GSCs resistance to TMZ. More precisely, our metabolomics analyses reveal that MSC mitochondria induce GSCs metabolic reprograming, with a nutrient shift from glucose to glutamine, a rewiring of the tricarboxylic acid cycle from glutaminolysis to reductive carboxylation and increase in orotate turnover as well as in pyrimidine and purine synthesis. Metabolomics analysis of GBM patient tissues at relapse after TMZ treatment documents increased concentrations of AMP, CMP, GMP, and UMP nucleotides and thus corroborate our in vitro analyses. Finally, we provide a mechanism whereby mitochondrial transfer from MSCs to GSCs contributes to GBM resistance to TMZ therapy, by demonstrating that inhibition of orotate production by Brequinar (BRQ) restores TMZ sensitivity in GSCs with acquired mitochondria. Altogether, these results identify a mechanism for GBM resistance to TMZ and reveal a metabolic dependency of chemoresistant GBM following the acquisition of exogenous mitochondria, which opens therapeutic perspectives based on synthetic lethality between TMZ and BRQ. Significance Mitochondria acquired from MSCs enhance the chemoresistance of GBMs. The discovery that they also generate metabolic vulnerability in GSCs paves the way for novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Nakhle
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- RESTORE Research Center, University of Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Khattar Khattar
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Tülin Özkan
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adel Boughlita
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Daouda Abba Moussa
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Amélie Darlix
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédérique Lorcy
- Department of Pathology and Oncobiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
- The Center of the Biological Resource Center of University Hospital Center of Montpellier (BRC), Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Rigau
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Pathology and Oncobiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
- The Center of the Biological Resource Center of University Hospital Center of Montpellier (BRC), Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Bauchet
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hopital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Sabine Gerbal-Chaloin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Daujat-Chavanieu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Floriant Bellvert
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, University of Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Turchi
- Université Côte D'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Team INSERM, “Cancer Stem Cell Plasticity and Functional Intra-tumor Heterogeneity”, Nice, France
| | - Thierry Virolle
- Université Côte D'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Team INSERM, “Cancer Stem Cell Plasticity and Functional Intra-tumor Heterogeneity”, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Hugnot
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Buisine
- UMR7221 Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Mireille Galloni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Dardalhon
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Marie Rodriguez
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Luce Vignais
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Valdebenito S, Ono A, Rong L, Eugenin EA. The role of tunneling nanotubes during early stages of HIV infection and reactivation: implications in HIV cure. NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2023; 2:169-186. [PMID: 37476291 PMCID: PMC10355284 DOI: 10.1515/nipt-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), also called cytonemes or tumor microtubes, correspond to cellular processes that enable long-range communication. TNTs are plasma membrane extensions that form tubular processes that connect the cytoplasm of two or more cells. TNTs are mostly expressed during the early stages of development and poorly expressed in adulthood. However, in disease conditions such as stroke, cancer, and viral infections such as HIV, TNTs proliferate, but their role is poorly understood. TNTs function has been associated with signaling coordination, organelle sharing, and the transfer of infectious agents such as HIV. Here, we describe the critical role and function of TNTs during HIV infection and reactivation, as well as the use of TNTs for cure strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Valdebenito
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Akira Ono
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Libin Rong
- Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eliseo A. Eugenin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chakraborty R, Nonaka T, Hasegawa M, Zurzolo C. Tunnelling nanotubes between neuronal and microglial cells allow bi-directional transfer of α-Synuclein and mitochondria. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:329. [PMID: 37202391 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tunnelling Nanotubes (TNTs) facilitate contact-mediated intercellular communication over long distances. Material transfer via TNTs can range from ions and intracellular organelles to protein aggregates and pathogens. Prion-like toxic protein aggregates accumulating in several neurodegenerative pathologies, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, have been shown to spread via TNTs not only between neurons, but also between neurons-astrocytes, and neurons-pericytes, indicating the importance of TNTs in mediating neuron-glia interactions. TNT-like structures were also reported between microglia, however, their roles in neuron-microglia interaction remain elusive. In this work, we quantitatively characterise microglial TNTs and their cytoskeletal composition, and demonstrate that TNTs form between human neuronal and microglial cells. We show that α-Synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates increase the global TNT-mediated connectivity between cells, along with the number of TNT connections per cell pair. Homotypic TNTs formed between microglial cells, and heterotypic TNTs between neuronal and microglial cells are furthermore shown to be functional, allowing movement of both α-Syn and mitochondria. Quantitative analysis shows that α-Syn aggregates are transferred predominantly from neuronal to microglial cells, possibly as a mechanism to relieve the burden of accumulated aggregates. By contrast, microglia transfer mitochondria preferably to α-Syn burdened neuronal cells over the healthy ones, likely as a potential rescue mechanism. Besides describing novel TNT-mediated communication between neuronal and microglial cells, this work allows us to better understand the cellular mechanisms of spreading neurodegenerative diseases, shedding light on the role of microglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranabir Chakraborty
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3691, Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis, Paris, France
- Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, Paris, France
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3691, Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis, Paris, France.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mahadik P, Patwardhan S. ECM stiffness-regulated exosomal thrombospondin-1 promotes tunneling nanotubes-based cellular networking in breast cancer cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 742:109624. [PMID: 37146866 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular communication is pivotal in various stages of cancer progression. For smart and effective communication, cancer cells employ diverse modes of messaging that may be further fine-tuned by the microenvironmental changes. Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening due to excess deposition and crosslinking of collagen is one of the crucial tumor-microenvironmental changes that influence a plethora of cellular processes, including cell-cell communication. We herein studied the crosstalk between exosomes and tunneling nanotubes (TNT), the two distinct means of cell-cell communication under varying ECM-stiffness conditions. We show that exosomes promote the formation of tunneling nanotubes in breast cancer cells, which results in cellular internet. Interestingly, exosomes drastically increased the fraction of cells connected by TNT; however, they elicited no effect on the number of TNTs per pair of connected cells or the length of TNT. The observed pro-TNT effects of exosomes were found to be ECM-stiffness dependent. ECM-stiffness tuned exosomes were found to promote TNT formation predominantly via the 'cell dislodgment model'. At the molecular level, exosomal thrombospondin-1 was identified as a critical pro-TNT factor. These findings underline the influence of ECM stiffening on two diverse modes of cell communication and their interdependence, which may have significant implications in cancer biomedical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Mahadik
- Patwardhan Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Sejal Patwardhan
- Patwardhan Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bagrov DV, Adlerberg VV, Skryabin GO, Nikishin II, Galetsky SA, Tchevkina EM, Kirpichnikov MP, Shaitan KV. AFM-TEM correlation microscopy and its application to lipid nanoparticles. Microsc Res Tech 2023. [PMID: 37125595 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
So far, only a few articles have demonstrated the possibility of correlated AFM-TEM imaging - sequential imaging of the same individual objects using atomic-force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The current work contributes to the development of this approach by giving a step-by-step procedure, which yields pairs of correlated AFM-TEM images. We describe the application of correlation AFM-TEM microscopy to lipid nanoparticles (small extracellular vesicles and liposomes). The sizes of individual particles measured by the two methods were in good agreement, taking the tip broadening into account. The correlated AFM-TEM imaging can be valuable for single-particle analysis and nanometrology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Bagrov
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Adlerberg
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb O Skryabin
- Department of oncogene regulation, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor I Nikishin
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Galetsky
- Department of oncogene regulation, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena M Tchevkina
- Department of oncogene regulation, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail P Kirpichnikov
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Shaitan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Polyakova N, Kalashnikova M, Belyavsky A. Non-Classical Intercellular Communications: Basic Mechanisms and Roles in Biology and Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076455. [PMID: 37047428 PMCID: PMC10095225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, interactions between cells and intercellular communications form the very basis of the organism’s survival, the functioning of its systems, the maintenance of homeostasis and adequate response to the environment. The accumulated experimental data point to the particular importance of intercellular communications in determining the fate of cells, as well as their differentiation and plasticity. For a long time, it was believed that the properties and behavior of cells were primarily governed by the interactions of secreted or membrane-bound ligands with corresponding receptors, as well as direct intercellular adhesion contacts. In this review, we describe various types of other, non-classical intercellular interactions and communications that have recently come into the limelight—in particular, the broad repertoire of extracellular vesicles and membrane protrusions. These communications are mediated by large macromolecular structural and functional ensembles, and we explore here the mechanisms underlying their formation and present current data that reveal their roles in multiple biological processes. The effects mediated by these new types of intercellular communications in normal and pathological states, as well as therapeutic applications, are also discussed. The in-depth study of novel intercellular interaction mechanisms is required for the establishment of effective approaches for the control and modification of cell properties both for basic research and the development of radically new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Polyakova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Kalashnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Belyavsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, 117485 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sinha S, Callow BW, Farfel AP, Roy S, Chen S, Rajendran S, Buschhaus JM, Luker KE, Ghosh P, Luker GD. A Multiomic Analysis Reveals How Breast Cancers Disseminated to the Bone Marrow Acquire Aggressive Phenotypes through Tumor-Stroma Tunnels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.18.533175. [PMID: 36993616 PMCID: PMC10055300 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.18.533175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer commonly disseminates to bone marrow, where interactions with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) shape disease trajectory. We modeled these interactions with tumor-MSC co-cultures and used an integrated transcriptome-proteome-network- analyses workflow to identify a comprehensive catalog of contact-induced changes. Induced genes and proteins in cancer cells, some borrowed and others tumor-intrinsic, were not recapitulated merely by conditioned media from MSCs. Protein-protein interaction networks revealed the rich connectome between 'borrowed' and 'intrinsic' components. Bioinformatic approaches prioritized one of the 'borrowed' components, CCDC88A /GIV, a multi-modular metastasis-related protein which has recently been implicated in driving one of the hallmarks of cancers, i.e., growth signaling autonomy. MSCs transferred GIV protein to ER+ breast cancer cells (that lack GIV) through tunnelling nanotubes via connexin (Cx)43-facilitated intercellular transport. Reinstating GIV alone in GIV-negative breast cancer cells reproduced ∼20% of both the 'borrowed' and the 'intrinsic' gene induction patterns from contact co-cultures; conferred resistance to anti-estrogen drugs; and enhanced tumor dissemination. Findings provide a multiomic insight into MSC→tumor cell intercellular transport and validate how transport of one such candidate, GIV, from the haves (MSCs) to have-nots (ER+ breast cancer) orchestrates aggressive disease states.
Collapse
|
40
|
Barutta F, Bellini S, Kimura S, Hase K, Corbetta B, Corbelli A, Fiordaliso F, Bruno S, Biancone L, Barreca A, Papotti M, Hirsh E, Martini M, Gambino R, Durazzo M, Ohno H, Gruden G. Protective effect of the tunneling nanotube-TNFAIP2/M-sec system on podocyte autophagy in diabetic nephropathy. Autophagy 2023; 19:505-524. [PMID: 35659195 PMCID: PMC9851239 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2080382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury leading to albuminuria is a characteristic feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are major determinants of DN. However, the underlying mechanisms of podocyte injury remain poorly understood. The cytosolic protein TNFAIP2/M-Sec is required for tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) formation, which are membrane channels that transiently connect cells, allowing organelle transfer. Podocytes express TNFAIP2 and form TNTs, but the potential relevance of the TNFAIP2-TNT system in DN is unknown. We studied TNFAIP2 expression in both human and experimental DN and the renal effect of tnfaip2 deletion in streptozotocin-induced DN. Moreover, we explored the role of the TNFAIP2-TNT system in podocytes exposed to diabetes-related insults. TNFAIP2 was overexpressed by podocytes in both human and experimental DN and exposre of podocytes to high glucose and AGEs induced the TNFAIP2-TNT system. In diabetic mice, tnfaip2 deletion exacerbated albuminuria, renal function loss, podocyte injury, and mesangial expansion. Moreover, blockade of the autophagic flux due to lysosomal dysfunction was observed in diabetes-injured podocytes both in vitro and in vivo and exacerbated by tnfaip2 deletion. TNTs allowed autophagosome and lysosome exchange between podocytes, thereby ameliorating AGE-induced lysosomal dysfunction and apoptosis. This protective effect was abolished by tnfaip2 deletion, TNT inhibition, and donor cell lysosome damage. By contrast, Tnfaip2 overexpression enhanced TNT-mediated transfer and prevented AGE-induced autophagy and lysosome dysfunction and apoptosis. In conclusion, TNFAIP2 plays an important protective role in podocytes in the context of DN by allowing TNT-mediated autophagosome and lysosome exchange and may represent a novel druggable target.Abbreviations: AGEs: advanced glycation end products; AKT1: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; AO: acridine orange; ALs: autolysosomes; APs: autophagosomes; BM: bone marrow; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CTSD: cathepsin D; DIC: differential interference contrast; DN: diabetic nephropathy; FSGS: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; HG: high glucose; KO: knockout; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LMP: lysosomal membrane permeabilization; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; STZ: streptozotocin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; TNFAIP2: tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 2; TNTs: tunneling nanotubes; WT: wild type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Barutta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy,CONTACT F. Barutta Department of Medical Sciences, Corso Dogliotti 1410126, Turin, Italy
| | - S. Bellini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S. Kimura
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - B. Corbetta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A. Corbelli
- Unit of Bioimaging, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Fiordaliso
- Unit of Bioimaging, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - L. Biancone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A. Barreca
- Division of Pathology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - M.G. Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - E. Hirsh
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M. Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - R. Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M. Durazzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - H. Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - G. Gruden
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Resnik N, Baraga D, Glažar P, Jokhadar Zemljič Š, Derganc J, Sepčić K, Veranič P, Kreft ME. Molecular, morphological and functional properties of tunnelling nanotubes between normal and cancer urothelial cells: New insights from the in vitro model mimicking the situation after surgical removal of the urothelial tumor. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:934684. [PMID: 36601539 PMCID: PMC9806176 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.934684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) are membranous connections that represent a unique type of intercellular communication in different cell types. They are associated with cell physiology and cancer pathology. The possible existence of tunnelling nanotubes communication between urothelial cancer and normal cells has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we analyzed TNTs formed by T24 cells (human invasive cancer urothelial cells) and normal porcine urothelial (NPU) cells, which serve as surrogate models for healthy human urothelial cells. Monocultures and cocultures of NPU and T24 cells were established and analyzed using live-cell imaging, optical tweezers, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. TNTs of NPU cells differed significantly from tunnelling nanotubes of T24 cells in number, length, diameter, lipid composition, and elastic properties. Membrane domains enriched in cholesterol/sphingomyelin were present in tunnelling nanotubes of T24 cells but not in NPU cells. The tunnelling nanotubes in T24 cells were also easier to bend than the tunnelling nanotubes in NPU cells. The tunnelling nanotubes of both cell types were predominantly tricytoskeletal, and contained actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, as well as the motor proteins myosin Va, dynein, and kinesin 5B. Mitochondria were transported within tunnelling nanotubes in living cells, and were colocalized with microtubules and the microtubule-associated protein dynamin 2. In cocultures, heterocellular tunnelling nanotubes were formed between NPU cells and T24 cells and vice versa. The presence of connexin 43 at the end of urothelial tunnelling nanotubes suggests a junctional connection and the involvement of tunnelling nanotube in signal transduction. In this study, we established a novel urothelial cancer-normal coculture model and showed cells in the minority tend to form tunnelling nanotubes with cells in the majority. The condition with cancer cells in the minority is an attractive model to mimic the situation after surgical resection with remaining cancer cells and may help to understand cancer progression and recurrence. Our results shed light on the biological activity of tunnelling nanotubes and have the potential to advance the search for anticancer drugs that target tunnelling nanotubes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Resnik
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Diana Baraga
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Glažar
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Jokhadar Zemljič
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jure Derganc
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,*Correspondence: Mateja Erdani Kreft,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lee CW, Kuo CC, Liang CJ, Pan HJ, Shen CN, Lee CH. Effects of the media conditioned by various macrophage subtypes derived from THP-1 cells on tunneling nanotube formation in pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:26. [PMID: 35794526 PMCID: PMC9258106 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are special membrane structures for intercellular communications. Vital cargoes (such as mitochondria) could be delivered from healthy cells to rescue damaged ones through TNTs. The TNTs could be utilized for the purpose of systematic delivery of therapeutic agents between cells. However, there are insufficient studies on the controlled enhancement of TNT formations. The purpose of this study is to understand how macrophages influence the TNT formation in cancer cells.
Results
Here we compared the capabilities of inducing TNTs in human pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1) of the media conditioned by M0, M1 and M2 macrophages derived from THP-1 cells. The M0 and M1 macrophage conditioned media promoted TNT formation. Using a focused ion beam to cut through a TNT, we observed tunnel-like structures inside dense cytoskeletons with scanning electron microscopy. The TNT formation correlated with raised motility, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in the PANC-1 cells. Mitochondria and lysosomes were also found to be transported in the TNTs.
Conclusions
These results suggest that TNT formation could be one of the responses to the immune stress in pancreatic cancer cells caused by M0 and M1 macrophages. This finding is valuable for the development of macrophage-targeting cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
43
|
Fairley LH, Grimm A, Eckert A. Mitochondria Transfer in Brain Injury and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:3603. [PMID: 36429030 PMCID: PMC9688459 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular mitochondria transfer is a novel form of cell signalling in which whole mitochondria are transferred between cells in order to enhance cellular functions or aid in the degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Recent studies have observed intercellular mitochondria transfer between glia and neurons in the brain, and mitochondrial transfer has emerged as a key neuroprotective mechanism in a range of neurological conditions. In particular, artificial mitochondria transfer has sparked widespread interest as a potential therapeutic strategy for brain disorders. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and effects of intercellular mitochondria transfer in the brain. The role of mitochondrial transfer in neurological conditions, including neurodegenerative disease, brain injury, and neurodevelopmental disorders, is discussed as well as therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria transfer in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren H. Fairley
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Neurobiology Laboratory for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Psychiatric University Clinics, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Grimm
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Neurobiology Laboratory for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Psychiatric University Clinics, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Eckert
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Neurobiology Laboratory for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Psychiatric University Clinics, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tozzi A, Mariniello L. Unusual Mathematical Approaches Untangle Nervous Dynamics. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102581. [PMID: 36289843 PMCID: PMC9599563 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The massive amount of available neurodata suggests the existence of a mathematical backbone underlying neuronal oscillatory activities. For example, geometric constraints are powerful enough to define cellular distribution and drive the embryonal development of the central nervous system. We aim to elucidate whether underrated notions from geometry, topology, group theory and category theory can assess neuronal issues and provide experimentally testable hypotheses. The Monge’s theorem might contribute to our visual ability of depth perception and the brain connectome can be tackled in terms of tunnelling nanotubes. The multisynaptic ascending fibers connecting the peripheral receptors to the neocortical areas can be assessed in terms of knot theory/braid groups. Presheaves from category theory permit the tackling of nervous phase spaces in terms of the theory of infinity categories, highlighting an approach based on equivalence rather than equality. Further, the physical concepts of soft-matter polymers and nematic colloids might shed new light on neurulation in mammalian embryos. Hidden, unexpected multidisciplinary relationships can be found when mathematics copes with neural phenomena, leading to novel answers for everlasting neuroscientific questions. For instance, our framework leads to the conjecture that the development of the nervous system might be correlated with the occurrence of local thermal changes in embryo–fetal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Tozzi
- Center for Nonlinear Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucio Mariniello
- Department of Pediatrics, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Huang L, Zhang J, Wu Z, Zhou L, Yu B, Jing Y, Lin D, Qu J. Revealing the structure and organization of intercellular tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) by STORM imaging. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4258-4262. [PMID: 36321151 PMCID: PMC9552758 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are nanoscale, actin-rich, transient intercellular tubes for cell-to-cell communication, which transport various cargoes between distant cells. The structural complexity and spatial organization of the involved components of TNTs remain unknown. In this work, the STORM super-resolution imaging technique was applied to elucidate the structural organization of microfilaments and microtubules in intercellular TNTs at the nanometer scale. Our results reveal different distributions of microfilaments and intertwined structures of microtubules in TNTs, which promote the knowledge of TNT communications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Zekai Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Bin Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Yingying Jing
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Danying Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Junle Qu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ceran Y, Ergüder H, Ladner K, Korenfeld S, Deniz K, Padmanabhan S, Wong P, Baday M, Pengo T, Lou E, Patel CB. TNTdetect.AI: A Deep Learning Model for Automated Detection and Counting of Tunneling Nanotubes in Microscopy Images. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4958. [PMID: 36230881 PMCID: PMC9562025 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are cellular structures connecting cell membranes and mediating intercellular communication. TNTs are manually identified and counted by a trained investigator; however, this process is time-intensive. We therefore sought to develop an automated approach for quantitative analysis of TNTs. METHODS We used a convolutional neural network (U-Net) deep learning model to segment phase contrast microscopy images of both cancer and non-cancer cells. Our method was composed of preprocessing and model development. We developed a new preprocessing method to label TNTs on a pixel-wise basis. Two sequential models were employed to detect TNTs. First, we identified the regions of images with TNTs by implementing a classification algorithm. Second, we fed parts of the image classified as TNT-containing into a modified U-Net model to estimate TNTs on a pixel-wise basis. RESULTS The algorithm detected 49.9% of human expert-identified TNTs, counted TNTs, and calculated the number of TNTs per cell, or TNT-to-cell ratio (TCR); it detected TNTs that were not originally detected by the experts. The model had 0.41 precision, 0.26 recall, and 0.32 f-1 score on a test dataset. The predicted and true TCRs were not significantly different across the training and test datasets (p = 0.78). CONCLUSIONS Our automated approach labeled and detected TNTs and cells imaged in culture, resulting in comparable TCRs to those determined by human experts. Future studies will aim to improve on the accuracy, precision, and recall of the algorithm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Ceran
- School of Information Systems and Technology, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
- Department of Management Information Systems, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hamza Ergüder
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34349 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Katherine Ladner
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sophie Korenfeld
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Karina Deniz
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sanyukta Padmanabhan
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Phillip Wong
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Murat Baday
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Precision Health and Integrated Diagnostics Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Pengo
- Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Emil Lou
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Chirag B. Patel
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas System, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li A, Han X, Deng L, Wang X. Mechanical properties of tunneling nanotube and its mechanical stability in human embryonic kidney cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:955676. [PMID: 36238686 PMCID: PMC9551289 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.955676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are thin membrane tubular structures that interconnect physically separated cells. Growing evidence indicates that TNTs play unique roles in various diseases by facilitating intercellular transfer of signaling and organelles, suggesting TNTs as a potential target for disease treatment. The efficiency of TNT-dependent communication is largely determined by the number of TNTs between cells. Though TNTs are physically fragile structures, the mechanical properties of TNTs and the determinants of their mechanical stability are still unclear. Here, using atomic force microscope (AFM) and microfluidic techniques, we investigated the mechanical behavior and abundance of TNTs in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells upon the application of forces. AFM measurements demonstrate that TNTs are elastic structures with an apparent spring constant of 79.1 ± 16.2 pN/μm. The stiffness and membrane tension of TNTs increase by length. TNTs that elongate slower than 0.5 μm/min display higher mechanical stability, due to the growth rate of F-actin inside TNTs being limited at 0.26 μm/min. Importantly, by disturbing the cytoskeleton, membrane, or adhesion proteins of TNTs, we found that F-actin and cadherin connection dominantly determines the tensile strength and flexural strength of TNTs respectively. It may provide new clues for screening TNT-interfering drugs that alter the stability of TNTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiang Wang
- *Correspondence: Linhong Deng, ; Xiang Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nahacka Z, Novak J, Zobalova R, Neuzil J. Miro proteins and their role in mitochondrial transfer in cancer and beyond. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:937753. [PMID: 35959487 PMCID: PMC9358137 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.937753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles essential for tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Although their main cellular function, generation of energy in the form of ATP is dispensable for cancer cells, their capability to drive their adaptation to stress originating from tumor microenvironment makes them a plausible therapeutic target. Recent research has revealed that cancer cells with damaged oxidative phosphorylation import healthy (functional) mitochondria from surrounding stromal cells to drive pyrimidine synthesis and cell proliferation. Furthermore, it has been shown that energetically competent mitochondria are fundamental for tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis. The spatial positioning and transport of mitochondria involves Miro proteins from a subfamily of small GTPases, localized in outer mitochondrial membrane. Miro proteins are involved in the structure of the MICOS complex, connecting outer and inner-mitochondrial membrane; in mitochondria-ER communication; Ca2+ metabolism; and in the recycling of damaged organelles via mitophagy. The most important role of Miro is regulation of mitochondrial movement and distribution within (and between) cells, acting as an adaptor linking organelles to cytoskeleton-associated motor proteins. In this review, we discuss the function of Miro proteins in various modes of intercellular mitochondrial transfer, emphasizing the structure and dynamics of tunneling nanotubes, the most common transfer modality. We summarize the evidence for and propose possible roles of Miro proteins in nanotube-mediated transfer as well as in cancer cell migration and metastasis, both processes being tightly connected to cytoskeleton-driven mitochondrial movement and positioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nahacka
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Zuzana Nahacka, ; Jiri Neuzil,
| | - Jaromir Novak
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Renata Zobalova
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Zuzana Nahacka, ; Jiri Neuzil,
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pepe A, Pietropaoli S, Vos M, Barba-Spaeth G, Zurzolo C. Tunneling nanotubes provide a route for SARS-CoV-2 spreading. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0171. [PMID: 35857849 PMCID: PMC9299553 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurological manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection represent a major issue in long coronavirus disease. How SARS-CoV-2 gains access to the brain and how infection leads to neurological symptoms are not clear because the principal means of viral entry by endocytosis, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, are barely detectable in the brain. We report that human neuronal cells, nonpermissive to infection through the endocytic pathway, can be infected when cocultured with permissive infected epithelial cells. SARS-CoV-2 induces the formation of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) and exploits this route to spread to uninfected cells. In cellulo correlative fluorescence and cryo-electron tomography reveal that SARS-CoV-2 is associated with TNTs between permissive cells. Furthermore, multiple vesicular structures such as double-membrane vesicles, sites of viral replication, are observed inside TNTs between permissive and nonpermissive cells. Our data highlight a previously unknown mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 spreading, likely used as a route to invade nonpermissive cells and potentiate infection in permissive cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pepe
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stefano Pietropaoli
- Unité de Virologie Structurale, CNRS UMR 3569 Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur 28 rue du Docteur Roux, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
- Catalent Pharma Solutions, Strada Provinciale 12 Casilina, 41, 03012 Anagni, Frosinone, Italy
| | - Matthijn Vos
- Plateforme Technologique Nanoimagerie Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Giovanna Barba-Spaeth
- Unité de Virologie Structurale, CNRS UMR 3569 Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur 28 rue du Docteur Roux, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang X, Liang J, Sun H. The Network of Tumor Microtubes: An Improperly Reactivated Neural Cell Network With Stemness Feature for Resistance and Recurrence in Gliomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:921975. [PMID: 35847909 PMCID: PMC9277150 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.921975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are known as an incurable brain tumor for the poor prognosis and robust recurrence. In recent years, a cellular subpopulation with tumor microtubes (TMs) was identified in brain tumors, which may provide a new angle to explain the invasion, resistance, recurrence, and heterogeneity of gliomas. Recently, it was demonstrated that the cell subpopulation also expresses neural stem cell markers and shares a lot of features with both immature neurons and cancer stem cells and may be seen as an improperly reactivated neural cell network with a stemness feature at later time points of life. TMs may also provide a new angle to understand the resistance and recurrence mechanisms of glioma stem cells. In this review, we innovatively focus on the common features between TMs and sprouting axons in morphology, formation, and function. Additionally, we summarized the recent progress in the resistance and recurrence mechanisms of gliomas with TMs and explained the incurability and heterogeneity in gliomas with TMs. Moreover, we discussed the recently discovered overlap between cancer stem cells and TM-positive glioma cells, which may contribute to the understanding of resistant glioma cell subpopulation and the exploration of the new potential therapeutic target for gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhao Liang
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|