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Lee SY, Kang DR, Oh JG, Chae IS, Kim JH. Dumbbell-Shaped, Block-Graft Copolymer with Aligned Domains for High-Performance Hydrocarbon Polymer Electrolyte Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202406796. [PMID: 38730495 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Given the environmental concerns surrounding fluoromaterials, the use of high-cost perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSAs) in fuel cells and water electrolysis contradicts the pursuit of clean energy systems. Herein, we present a fluorine-free dumbbell-shaped block-graft copolymer, derived from the cost-effective triblock copolymer, poly(styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene) (SEBS), for polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs). This unique polymer shape led to the alignment of the hydrophobic-hydrophilic domains along a preferred orientation, resulting in the construction of interconnected proton channels across the membrane. A bicontinuous network allowed efficient proton transport with reduced tortuosity, leading to an exceptional ionic conductivity (249 mS cm-1 at 80 °C and 90 % relative humidity (RH)), despite a low ion exchange capacity (IEC; 1.41). Furthermore, membrane electrode assembly (MEA) prepared with our membrane exhibited stable performance over a period of 150 h at 80 °C and 30 % RH. This study demonstrates a novel polymer structure design and highlights a promising outlook for hydrocarbon PEMs as alternatives to PFSAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Youn Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Ru Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Gil Oh
- Advanced Fuel Cell Technology Development Team, CTO, Hyundai Motor Company, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16891, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Seok Chae
- Advanced Fuel Cell Technology Development Team, CTO, Hyundai Motor Company, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16891, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hak Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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2
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Gustavsson L, Lv ZP, Cherian T, Seppälä W, Liljeström V, Peng B, Huotari S, Rannou P, Ikkala O. Heating-Induced Switching to Hierarchical Liquid Crystallinity Combining Colloidal and Molecular Order in Zwitterionic Molecules. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:39345-39353. [PMID: 37901556 PMCID: PMC10601052 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical self-assemblies of soft matter involving triggerable or switchable structures at different length scales have been pursued toward multifunctional behaviors and complexity inspired by biological matter. They require several and balanced competing attractive and repulsive interactions, which provide a grand challenge in particular in the "bulk" state, i.e., in the absence of plasticizing solvents. Here, we disclose that zwitterionic bis-n-tetradecylphosphobetaine, as a model compound, shows a complex thermally switchable hierarchical self-assembly in the solvent-free state. It shows polymorphism and heating-induced reversible switching from low-temperature molecular-level assemblies to high-temperature hierarchical self-assemblies, unexpectedly combining colloidal and molecular self-assemblies, as inferred by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The high-temperature phase sustains birefringent flow, indicating a new type of hierarchical thermotropic liquid crystallinity. The high-temperature colloidal-level SAXS reflections suggest indexation as a 2D oblique pattern and their well-defined layer separation in the perpendicular direction. We suggest that the colloidal self-assembled motifs are 2D nanoplatelets formed by the lateral packing of the molecules, where the molecular packing frustration between the tightly packed zwitterionic moieties and the coiled alkyl chains demanding more space limits the lateral platelet growth controlled by the alkyl stretching entropy. An indirect proof is provided by the addition of plasticizing ionic liquids, which relieve the ionic dense packings of zwitterions, thus allowing purely smectic liquid crystallinity without the colloidal level order. Thus, molecules with a simple chemical structure can lead to structural hierarchy and tunable complexity in the solvent-free state by balancing the competing long-range electrostatics and short-range nanosegregations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Gustavsson
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Zhong-Peng Lv
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tomy Cherian
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Wille Seppälä
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ville Liljeström
- Nanomicroscopy
Center, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Bo Peng
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Simo Huotari
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrice Rannou
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble
INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
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3
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Gavrilov AA. Effect of the counterion size on microphase separation in charged-neutral diblock copolymers. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:054901. [PMID: 36754807 DOI: 10.1063/5.0134164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the question of the influence of the counterion size on the self-assembly in melts of diblock copolymers with one charged block was studied using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. It was assumed that the blocks were fully compatible, i.e., the Flory-Huggins parameter χ between them was equal to 0. Due to the presence of correlation attraction (electrostatic cohesion) between the charged species, the systems with all types of counterions underwent transitions to ordered states, forming various morphologies, including lamellae, perforated lamellae, and hexagonally packed cylinders. Phase diagrams were constructed by varying the chain composition fc and locating the order-disorder transition positions in terms of the electrostatic strength parameter λ (dimensionless Bjerrum length). Despite having a rather large ion size mismatch, the systems with smaller counterions demonstrated an even better tendency to form microphase separated states than the systems with larger ones. It was found that the differences between the phase diagrams of the systems with different counterions can be roughly rationalized by using coordinates (volume fraction of the charged block φc-modified interaction parameter λ*). The latter parameter assumes that the electrostatic energy is simply inversely proportional to the characteristic distance between the ions of different signs. Such an approach appeared to be rather effective and allowed the diagrams obtained for different counterion sizes to almost coincide. The results of this work suggest that the counterion size can be used as a tool to control the system morphology as well as the effective incompatibility between the blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Gavrilov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia and A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Park J, Winey KI. Double Gyroid Morphologies in Precise Ion-Containing Multiblock Copolymers Synthesized via Step-Growth Polymerization. JACS AU 2022; 2:1769-1780. [PMID: 36032527 PMCID: PMC9400044 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The double gyroid structure was first reported in diblock copolymers about 30 years ago, and the complexity of this morphology relative to the other ordered morphologies in block copolymers continues to fascinate the soft matter community. The double gyroid microphase-separated morphology has co-continuous domains of both species, and the minority phase is subdivided into two interpenetrating network structures. In addition to diblock copolymers, this structure has been reported in similar systems including diblock copolymers blended with one or two homopolymers and ABA-type triblock copolymers. Given the narrow composition region over which the double gyroid structure is typically observed (∼3 vol %), anionic polymerization has dominated the synthesis of block copolymers to control their composition and molecular weight. This perspective will highlight recent studies that (1) employ an alternative polymerization method to make block copolymers and (2) report double gyroid structures with lattice parameters below 10 nm. Specifically, step-growth polymerization linked precise polyethylene blocks and short sulfonate-containing blocks to form strictly alternating multiblock copolymers, and these copolymers produce the double gyroid structure over a dramatically wider composition range (>14 vol %). These new (AB) n multiblock copolymers self-assemble into the double gyroid structure by having exceptional control over the polymer architecture and large interaction parameters between the blocks. This perspective proposes criteria for a broader and synthetically more accessible range of polymers that self-assemble into double gyroids and other ordered structures, so that these remarkable structures can be employed to solve a variety of technological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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5
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Lei H, Liu Y, Liu T, Guo Q, Yan X, Wang Y, Zhang W, Su Z, Huang J, Xu W, Bian F, Huang M, Cheng SZD. Unimolecular Nanoparticles toward More Precise Regulations of Self‐Assembled Superlattices in Soft Matter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203433. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Lei
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yuchu Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Tong Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Qing‐Yun Guo
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Xiao‐Yun Yan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Yicong Wang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Zebin Su
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Jiahao Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Wei Xu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Feng‐Gang Bian
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Mingjun Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
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6
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Guo W, Bai X, Zhang D, Wang R, Song P, He Y. Fabrication of hollow‐carved microspheres with excellent antibacterial activity. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Guo
- Key Lab. Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Lab. Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
| | - Duoxin Zhang
- Key Lab. Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
| | - Rongmin Wang
- Key Lab. Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
| | - Pengfei Song
- Key Lab. Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
| | - Yufeng He
- Key Lab. Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
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7
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Zenati A. Triblock Azo copolymers: RAFT synthesis, properties, thin film self-assembly and applications. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.2015779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Athmen Zenati
- Refining and Petrochemistry, Division of Method and Operation, Sonatrach, Arzew, Algeria
- Central Directorate of Research and Development, Sonatrach, Boumerdes, Algeria
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8
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Grim BJ, Green MD. Thermodynamics and Structure‐Property Relationships of Charged Block Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Grim
- Chemical Engineering School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287
| | - Matthew D. Green
- Chemical Engineering School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287
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9
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Lei H, Liu Y, Liu T, Guo QY, Yan XY, Wang Y, Zhang W, Su Z, Huang J, Xu W, Bian FG, Huang M, Cheng SZD. Unimolecular Nanoparticles toward more Precise Regulations of Self‐assembled Superlattices in Soft Matter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Lei
- South China University of Technology South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Yuchu Liu
- South China University of Technology South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Tong Liu
- South China University of Technology South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Qing-Yun Guo
- South China University of Technology South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Xiao-Yun Yan
- South China University of Technology South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Yicong Wang
- South China University of Technology South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Wei Zhang
- University of Akron Department of Polymer Science CHINA
| | - Zebing Su
- South China University of Technology South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Jiahao Huang
- South China University of Technology South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Wei Xu
- South China University of Technology South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Feng-Gang Bian
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility CHINA
| | - Mingjun Huang
- South China University of Technology South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- The University of Akron Department of Polymer Science 170 University Ave. 44325-3909 Akron UNITED STATES
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10
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Chang CY, Manesi GM, Avgeropoulos A, Ho RM. Superlattice Structure from Self-Assembly of High-χ Block Copolymers via Chain Interdigitation. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yen Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Gkreti-Maria Manesi
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina 45110, Greece
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 14 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
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11
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Yu W, Zhang K, Zhang J, Liang X, Ge X, Ge Z, Wei C, Song W, Xu T, Wu L. Efficient lamellar two‐dimensional proton channels derived from dipole interactions in a polyelectrolyte membrane. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weisheng Yu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Kaiyu Zhang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Xian Liang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Xiaolin Ge
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Zijuan Ge
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Chengpeng Wei
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Wanjie Song
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Liang Wu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
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13
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Park J, Easterling CP, Armstrong CC, Huber DL, Bowman JI, Sumerlin BS, Winey KI, Taylor MK. Nanoscale layers of precise ion-containing polyamides with lithiated phenyl sulfonate in the polymer backbone. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00802e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Precise polyamide ionomer produces well-defined nanoscale layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Charles P. Easterling
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Christopher C. Armstrong
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Dale L. Huber
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Jared I. Bowman
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mercedes K. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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15
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Goh R, Danielsen SPO, Schaible E, McMeeking RM, Waite JH. Nanolatticed Architecture Mitigates Damage in Shark Egg Cases. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8080-8085. [PMID: 34585939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Structural versatility and multifunctionality of biological materials have resulted in countless bioinspired strategies seeking to emulate the properties of nature. The nanostructured egg case of swell sharks is one of the toughest permeable membranes known and, thus, presents itself as a model system for materials where the conflicting properties, strength and porosity, are desirable. The egg case possesses an intricately ordered structure that is designed to protect delicate embryos from the external environment while enabling respiratory and metabolic exchange, achieving a tactical balance between conflicting properties. Herein, structural analyses revealed an enabling nanolattice architecture that constitutes a Bouligand-like nanoribbon hierarchical assembly. Three distinct hierarchical architectural adaptations enhance egg case survival: Bouligand-like organization for in-plane isotropic reinforcement, noncylindrical nanoribbons maximizing interfacial stress distribution, and highly ordered nanolattices enabling permeability and lattice-governed toughening mechanisms. These discoveries provide fundamental insights for the improvement of multifunctional membranes, fiber-reinforced soft composites, and mechanical metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubayn Goh
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Scott P O Danielsen
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Eric Schaible
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert M McMeeking
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - J Herbert Waite
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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16
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Yu W, Zhang J, Liang X, Ge X, Wei C, Ge Z, Zhang K, Li G, Song W, Shehzad MA, Wu L, Xu T. Anion exchange membranes with fast ion transport channels driven by cation-dipole interactions for alkaline fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Zhang B, Zheng C, Sims MB, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Influence of Charge Fraction on the Phase Behavior of Symmetric Single-Ion Conducting Diblock Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1035-1040. [PMID: 35549119 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of symmetric poly[(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-oligo(ethylene glycol) propyl sodium sulfonate methacrylate)]-block-polystyrene (PsOEGMA-PS) diblock copolymers were synthesized as a model system to probe the effect of charge fraction on the phase behavior of charged-neutral single-ion conducting diblock copolymers. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments showed that increasing the charge fraction does not alter the ordered phase morphology (lamellar) but increases the order-disorder transition temperature (TODT) significantly. Additionally, the effective Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χeff) was found to increase linearly with the charge fraction, similar to the case of conventional salt-doped diblock copolymers. This indicates that the effect of counterion solvation, attributed to the significant mismatch between the dielectric constant of each block, provides the dominant effect in tuning the phase behavior of this charged diblock copolymer. We therefore infer that electrostatic cohesion (local charge ordering induced by Coulombic interactions), which is predicted to suppress microphase separation and lead to asymmetric phase diagrams, only plays a minor role in this model system.
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Min J, Jung HY, Jeong S, Lee B, Son CY, Park MJ. Enhancing ion transport in charged block copolymers by stabilizing low symmetry morphology: Electrostatic control of interfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2107987118. [PMID: 34344828 PMCID: PMC8364204 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107987118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the interest in charged polymers has been rapidly growing due to their uses in energy storage and transfer devices. Yet, polymer electrolyte-based devices are not on the immediate horizon because of the low ionic conductivity. In the present study, we developed a methodology to enhance the ionic conductivity of charged block copolymers comprising ionic liquids through the electrostatic control of the interfacial layers. Unprecedented reentrant phase transitions between lamellar and A15 structures were seen, which cannot be explained by well-established thermodynamic factors. X-ray scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the formation of fascinating, thin ionic shell layers composed of ionic complexes. The ionic liquid cations of these complexes predominantly presented near the micellar interfaces if they had strong binding affinity with the charged polymer chains. Therefore, the interfacial properties and concentration fluctuations of the A15 structures were crucially dependent on the type of tethered acid groups in the polymers. Overall, the stabilization energies of the A15 structures were greater when enriched, attractive electrostatic interactions were present at the micellar interfaces. Contrary to the conventional wisdom that block copolymer interfaces act as "dead zone" to significantly deteriorate ion transport, this study establishes a prospective avenue for advanced polymer electrolyte having tailor-made interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Min
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Ha Young Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Seungwon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439
| | - Chang Yun Son
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea;
| | - Moon Jeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea;
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19
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Rizvi A, Mulvey JT, Carpenter BP, Talosig R, Patterson JP. A Close Look at Molecular Self-Assembly with the Transmission Electron Microscope. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14232-14280. [PMID: 34329552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly is pervasive in the formation of living and synthetic materials. Knowledge gained from research into the principles of molecular self-assembly drives innovation in the biological, chemical, and materials sciences. Self-assembly processes span a wide range of temporal and spatial domains and are often unintuitive and complex. Studying such complex processes requires an arsenal of analytical and computational tools. Within this arsenal, the transmission electron microscope stands out for its unique ability to visualize and quantify self-assembly structures and processes. This review describes the contribution that the transmission electron microscope has made to the field of molecular self-assembly. An emphasis is placed on which TEM methods are applicable to different structures and processes and how TEM can be used in combination with other experimental or computational methods. Finally, we provide an outlook on the current challenges to, and opportunities for, increasing the impact that the transmission electron microscope can have on molecular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoon Rizvi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Justin T Mulvey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Brooke P Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Rain Talosig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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20
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Ren M, Hou Z, Zheng X, Xu J, Zhu J. Electrostatic Control of the Three-Dimensional Confined Assembly of Charged Block Copolymers in Emulsion Droplets. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ren
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zaiyan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xihuang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
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21
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Park J, Staiger A, Mecking S, Winey KI. Structure–Property Relationships in Single-Ion Conducting Multiblock Copolymers: A Phase Diagram and Ionic Conductivities. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Anne Staiger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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22
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Cao C, Zhang L, Kent B, Wong S, Garvey CJ, Stenzel MH. The Protein Corona Leads to Deformation of Spherical Micelles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cao
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Lin Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Ben Kent
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Sandy Wong
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Christopher J. Garvey
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering Australia Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Lucas Heights 2234 Australia
- Lund Institute for Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science 22100 Lund Sweden
- Biofilm-Research Center for Biointerfaces and Biomedical Science Department Faculty of Health and Society Malmö University 20506 Malmö Sweden
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia
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23
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Ma B, Olvera de la Cruz M. A Perspective on the Design of Ion-Containing Polymers for Polymer Electrolyte Applications. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:3015-3022. [PMID: 33635658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ion-containing polymers have numerous potential applications as energy storage and conversion devices, water purification membranes, and gas separation membranes, to name a few. Given the low dielectric constant of the media, ions and charges on polymers in a molten state interact strongly producing large effects on chain statistics, thermodynamics, and diffusion properties. Here, we discuss recent research accomplishments on the effects of ionic correlation and dielectric heterogeneity on the phase behavior of ion-containing polymers. Progress made in studying ion transport properties in these material systems is also highlighted. Charged block copolymers (BCPs), among all kinds of ion-containing polymers, have a particular advantage owing to their robust mechanical support and ion conducting paths provided by the segregation of the neutral and charged blocks. Coulombic interactions among the charges play a critical role in determining the phase segregation in charged BCPs and the domain size of charge-rich regions. We show that strongly charged BCPs display ordered phases as a result of electrostatic interactions alone. In addition, bulky charge-containing side groups attached to the charged block lead to the formation of morphologies that provide continuous channels and better dissociation for ion conduction purposes. Finally, a few avenues for designing ion-containing polymers for energy applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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24
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Cao C, Zhang L, Kent B, Wong S, Garvey CJ, Stenzel MH. The Protein Corona Leads to Deformation of Spherical Micelles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10342-10349. [PMID: 33543582 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The formation of a non-specific protein corona around nanoparticles (NPs) has been identified as one of the culprits for failed nanomedicine. The amount and type of adsorbed protein from the blood plasma are known to determine the fate of NPs and the accessibility of targeting ligands. Herein, we show that the adsorbed protein may not only enlarge the NPs and change their surface properties but also, in the case of soft NPs such as polymer micelles, lead to deformation. Poly(1-O-methacryloyl -β-D-fructopyranose)-b-poly(methylmethacrylate) (P(1-O-MAFru)-b-PMMA) block co-polymers were self-assembled into NPs with a spherical core-shell morphology as determined by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Upon incubation with albumin, TEM, SANS, and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) revealed the adsorption of albumin and deformation of the NPs with a spheroid geometry. Removal of the protein led to the reversal of the morphology back to the spherical core-shell structure. Structural studies and cell studies of uptake of the NPs imply that the observed deformation may influence blood circulation time and cell uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cao
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Lin Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Ben Kent
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Sandy Wong
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher J Garvey
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australia Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, 2234, Australia.,Lund Institute for Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science, 22100, Lund, Sweden.,Biofilm-Research Center for Biointerfaces and Biomedical Science Department, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 20506, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martina H Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
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25
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Grazon C, Salas-Ambrosio P, Antoine S, Ibarboure E, Sandre O, Clulow AJ, Boyd BJ, Grinstaff MW, Lecommandoux S, Bonduelle C. Aqueous ROPISA of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides: polypeptide block secondary structure controls nanoparticle shape anisotropy. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00995h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ring-Opening Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly (ROPISA) of N-carboxyanhydride is an efficient one-step process to obtain nanomaterials made of polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Grazon
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Univ. Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (CNRS UMR 5255), 33405 Talence, France
| | | | - Ségolène Antoine
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Emmanuel Ibarboure
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Olivier Sandre
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Andrew J. Clulow
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Ben J. Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bionano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Colin Bonduelle
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
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26
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Kong XX, Chen WD, Cui FC, Li YQ. Conformational and Dynamical Evolution of Block Copolymers in Shear Flow. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Kang S, Park MJ. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Block Copolymers with Tethered Acid Groups: Challenges and Opportunities. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1527-1541. [PMID: 35617073 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Scientific research on advanced polymer electrolytes has led to the emergence of all-solid-state energy storage/transfer systems. Early research began with acid-tethered polymers half a century ago, and research interest has gradually shifted to high-precision polymers with controllable acid functional groups and nanoscale morphologies. Consequently, various self-assembled acid-tethered block polymer morphologies have been produced. Their ion properties are profoundly affected by the multiscale intermolecular interactions in confinements. The creation of hierarchically organized ion/dipole arrangements inside the block copolymer nanostructures has been highlighted as a future method for developing advanced single-ion polymers with decoupled ion dynamics and polymer chain relaxation. Several emerging practical applications of the acid-tethered block copolymers have been explored to draw attention to the challenges and opportunities in developing state-of-the-art electrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
| | - Moon Jeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
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28
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Xie S, Lindsay AP, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Formation of a C15 Laves Phase with a Giant Unit Cell in Salt-Doped A/B/AB Ternary Polymer Blends. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13754-13764. [PMID: 32866375 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salt-doped A/B/AB ternary polymer blends, wherein an AB copolymer acts as a surfactant to stabilize otherwise incompatible A and B homopolymers, display a wide range of nanostructured morphologies with significant tunability. Among these structures, a bicontinuous microemulsion (BμE) has been a notable target. Here, we report the surprising appearance of a robust C15 Laves phase, at compositions near where the BμE has recently been reported, in lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (LiTFSI)-doped low-molar-mass poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/polystyrene (PS)/symmetric PS-b-PEO block copolymer blends. The materials were analyzed by a combination of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), 1H NMR spectroscopy, and impedance spectroscopy. The C15 phase emerges at a high total homopolymer volume fraction ϕH = 0.8 with a salt composition r = 0.06 (Li+/[EO]) and persists as a coexisting phase across a large area of the isothermal phase diagram with high PS homopolymer compositions. Notably, the structure exhibits a huge unit cell size, a = 121 nm, with an unusually high micelle core volume fraction (fcore = 0.41) and an unusually low fraction of amphiphile (20%). This unit cell dimension is at least 50% larger than any previously reported C15 phase in soft matter, despite the low molar masses used, unlocking the possibility of copolymer-based photonic crystals without compromising processability. The nanostructured phase evolution from lamellar to hexagonal to C15 along the EO60 isopleth (ϕPEO,homo-LiTFSI/ϕH = 0.6) is rationalized as a consequence of asymmetry in the homopolymer solubility limit for each block, which leads to exclusion of PS homopolymer from the PS-b-PEO brush prior to exclusion of the PEO homopolymer, driving increased interfacial curvature and favoring the emergence of the C15 Laves phase.
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29
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Jung FA, Posselt D, Smilgies DM, Panteli PA, Tsitsilianis C, Patrickios CS, Papadakis CM. Charge-Dependent Microphase Separation in Thin Films from a Multiresponsive Pentablock Quaterpolymer: A GISAXS Investigation. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian A. Jung
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dorthe Posselt
- IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Detlef-M. Smilgies
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Panayiota A. Panteli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Costas S. Patrickios
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christine M. Papadakis
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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30
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Liu LY, Yu ZX, Liu LX, Yang JQ, Hao QH, Wei T, Tan HG. Self-assembly of polyelectrolyte diblock copolymers within mixtures of monovalent and multivalent counterions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:16334-16344. [PMID: 32648562 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01019g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the self-assembly behavior of polyelectrolyte (PE) diblock copolymers in solutions containing mixtures of monovalent and multivalent counterions was investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. The properties of the assembled micelles and counterion condensations at different charge fractions of multivalent ions have been discussed. The bridging effect of multivalent ions induces the electrostatic correlations of the PE chains, leading to the fusion of large micelles and the formation of bulky aggregates. Notably, lamellar and well-organized face-centered cubic (FCC) arrangements of the assembled micelles were observed in the mixture of monovalent and trivalent ions. At large fractions of multivalent ions, cylindrical and lamellar precipitates composed of the assembled micelles were formed owing to the inter-connecting coronas. The mixtures of monovalent and multivalent counterions allow the regulation of the electrostatic interactions and tuning of the properties in assembled micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Liu
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, China.
| | - Zhong-Xun Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, China
| | - Li-Xiang Liu
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, China.
| | - Jing-Qi Yang
- College of Flight Technology, Civil Aviation University of China, China
| | - Qing-Hai Hao
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, China.
| | - Tong Wei
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, China.
| | - Hong-Ge Tan
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, China.
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31
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Zofchak ES, LaNasa JA, Torres VM, Hickey RJ. Deciphering the Complex Phase Behavior during Polymerization-Induced Nanostructural Transitions of a Block Polymer/Monomer Blend. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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32
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Ma B, Nguyen TD, Olvera de la Cruz M. Control of Ionic Mobility via Charge Size Asymmetry in Random Ionomers. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:43-49. [PMID: 31769988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Solid polymer electrolytes are considered a promising alternative to traditional liquid electrolytes in energy storage applications because of their good mechanical properties, and excellent thermal and chemical stability. A gap, however, still exists in understanding ion transport mechanisms and improving ion transport in solid polymer electrolytes. Therefore, it is crucial to bridge composition-structure and structure-property relationships. Here, we demonstrate that size asymmetry, λ, represented by the ratio of counterion to charged monomer size, plays a key role both in the nanostructure and in the ionic dynamics. More specifically, when the nanostructure is modified by an external electric field such that the mobility cannot be described by linear response theory, two situations arise. The ionic mobility increases as λ decreases (small counterions) in the weak electrostatics (high dielectric constant) regime, whereas in systems with strong electrostatic interactions, ionomers with higher size symmetry (λ ≈ 1) display higher ionic mobility. Moreover, ion transport is found to be dominated by the hopping of the ions and not by moving ionic clusters (also known as "vehicular" charge transport). These results serve as a guide for designing ion-containing polymers for ion transport related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Trung Dac Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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33
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Gao KW, Jiang X, Hoffman ZJ, Sethi GK, Chakraborty S, Villaluenga I, Balsara NP. Optimizing the monomer structure of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane for ion transport in hybrid organic–inorganic block copolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W. Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
| | - Xi Jiang
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
| | - Zach J. Hoffman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
| | - Gurmukh K. Sethi
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
| | - Saheli Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
| | - Irune Villaluenga
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
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34
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Shim J, Xie S, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Effect of Ion Concentration on the Formation of Bicontinuous Microemulsions in Partially Charged Ternary Polymer Blends. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Shim J, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Bicontinuous Microemulsions in Partially Charged Ternary Polymer Blends. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1166-1171. [PMID: 35619439 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the phase behavior of a partially charged ternary polymer blend model system, comprising a compositionally symmetric poly[(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-oligo(ethylene glycol) propyl sodium sulfonate methacrylate)]-b-polystyrene (POEGMA23-PS) diblock polymer and the constituent POEGMA23 and PS homopolymers, along the volumetrically symmetric isopleth, where 23 denotes the percentage of charged monomers in the POEGMA chain. Small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy measurements reveal morphological transitions from a layered superlattice to swollen lamellae to a bicontinuous microemulsion (BμE), followed by macroscopic phase separation, with increasing homopolymer content. The BμE channel occurs between 85 and 90% homopolymer addition, positioned approximately at the isotropic Lifshitz composition predicted by mean-field theory for neutral systems. The resulting BμE morphology exhibits a periodicity of 26 nm, yielding a mesoscopically structured but macroscopically disordered bicontinuous structure. That this structure can be achieved in a charged polymer system is surprising, given the huge asymmetries typically induced by adding charge to either diblock copolymers or binary polymer blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Shim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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