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Massey WJ, Zhu L. Commentary: A rapid action plan to improve diagnosis and management of lipodystrophy syndromes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1445226. [PMID: 39319257 PMCID: PMC11419977 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1445226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William J. Massey
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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2
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Chen Y, Jiang B, Qu C, Jiang C, Zhang C, Wang Y, Chen F, Sun X, Su L, Luo Y. Genetically predicted metabolites mediate the causal associations between autoimmune thyroiditis and immune cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1424957. [PMID: 39045270 PMCID: PMC11263034 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1424957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction We aimed to comprehensively investigate the causal relationship between 731 immune cell traits and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and to identify and quantify the role of 1400 metabolic traits as potential mediators in between. Methods Using summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) we performed a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of genetically predicted AIT and 731 immune cell traits. Furthermore, we used a two-step MR analysis to quantify the proportion of the total effects (that the immune cells exerted on the risk of AIT) mediated by potential metabolites. Results We identified 24 immune cell traits (with odds ratio (OR) ranging from 1.3166 6 to 0.6323) and 10 metabolic traits (with OR ranging from 1.7954 to 0.6158) to be causally associated with AIT, respectively. Five immune cell traits (including CD38 on IgD+ CD24-, CD28 on CD28+ CD45RA+ CD8br, HLA DR+ CD4+ AC, TD CD4+ %CD4+, and CD8 on EM CD8br) were found to be associated with the risk of AIT, which were partially mediated by metabolites (including glycolithocholate sulfate, 5alpha-androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol disulfate, arachidonoylcholine, X-15486, and kynurenine). The proportion of genetically predicted AIT mediated by the identified metabolites could range from 5.58% to 17.7%. Discussion Our study identified causal associations between AIT and immune cells which were partially mediated by metabolites, thus providing guidance for future clinical and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoyu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanxue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- General Surgery Center, Department of Thyroid Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xitai Sun
- Division of Pancreas and Metabolism Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqian Luo
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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3
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Tsounis EP, Aggeletopoulou I, Mouzaki A, Triantos C. Creeping Fat in the Pathogenesis of Crohn's Disease: An Orchestrator or a Silent Bystander? Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1826-1836. [PMID: 37260352 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although the phenomenon of hypertrophied adipose tissue surrounding inflamed bowel segments in Crohn's disease has been described since 1932, the mechanisms mediating the creeping fat formation and its role in the pathogenesis of the disease have not been fully unraveled. Recent advances demonstrating the multiple actions of adipose tissue beyond energy storage have brought creeping fat to the forefront of scientific research. In Crohn's disease, dysbiosis and transmural injury compromise the integrity of the intestinal barrier, resulting in an excessive influx of intraluminal microbiota and xenobiotics. The gut and peri-intestinal fat are in close anatomic relationship, implying a direct reciprocal immunologic relationship, whereas adipocytes are equipped with an arsenal of innate immunity sensors that respond to invading stimuli. As a result, adipocytes and their progenitor cells undergo profound immunophenotypic changes, leading to adipose tissue remodeling and eventual formation of creeping fat. Indeed, creeping fat is an immunologically active organ that synthesizes various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, profibrotic mediators, and adipokines that serve as paracrine/autocrine signals and regulate immune responses. Therefore, creeping fat appears to be involved in inflammatory signaling, which explains why it has been associated with a higher severity or complicated phenotype of Crohn's disease. Interestingly, there is growing evidence for an alternative immunomodulatory function of creeping fat as a second barrier that prevents an abnormal systemic inflammatory response at the expense of an increasingly proliferating profibrotic environment. Further studies are needed to clarify how this modified adipose tissue exerts its antithetic effect during the course of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios P Tsounis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Ioanna Aggeletopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
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4
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Tang W, Xie G, Wang D, Li T, Ren Y, Li J, Deng J, Li K. Imaging-based assessment of body composition in patients with Crohn's disease: a systematic review. Int J Colorectal Dis 2023; 38:126. [PMID: 37171498 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-023-04413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Body composition changes in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) have received increasing attention in recent years. This review aims to describe the changes in body composition in patients with CD on imaging and to analyze and summarize the prognostic value of body composition. METHODS We systematically searched Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Medline via OVID for literature published before November 2022, and two researchers independently evaluated the quality of the retrieved literature. RESULTS A total of 39 publications (32 cohort studies and 7 cross-sectional studies) involving 4219 patients with CD were retrieved. Imaging methods for body composition assessment, including dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were included in this review. The study found that patients with CD typically have more visceral adipose tissue and less skeletal muscle mass, and the prevalence of sarcopenia and visceral obesity was significantly different in different studies (sarcopenia: 16-100%; visceral obesity: 5.3-30.5%). Available studies suggest that changes in the body composition of CD patients are significantly related to inflammatory status, disease behavior, poor outcomes, and drug efficacy. CONCLUSION Altered body composition can be a significant predictor of poor outcomes for CD patients. Therefore, the body composition of CD patients may serve as a potential therapeutic target to help optimize disease management strategies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuli Tang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, China
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Xie
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Danni Wang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yitao Ren
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Junlin Li
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxing Deng
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Li
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China.
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5
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Jiménez-Cortegana C, Hontecillas-Prieto L, García-Domínguez DJ, Zapata F, Palazón-Carrión N, Sánchez-León ML, Tami M, Pérez-Pérez A, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Vilariño-García T, de la Cruz-Merino L, Sánchez-Margalet V. Obesity and Risk for Lymphoma: Possible Role of Leptin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15530. [PMID: 36555171 PMCID: PMC9779026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, which is considered a pandemic due to its high prevalence, is a risk factor for many types of cancers, including lymphoma, through a variety of mechanisms by promoting an inflammatory state. Specifically, over the last few decades, obesity has been suggested not only to increase the risk of lymphoma but also to be associated with poor clinical outcomes and worse responses to different treatments for those diseases. Within the extensive range of proinflammatory mediators that adipose tissue releases, leptin has been demonstrated to be a key adipokine due to its pleotropic effects in many physiological systems and diseases. In this sense, different studies have analyzed leptin levels and leptin/leptin receptor expressions as a probable bridge between obesity and lymphomas. Since both obesity and lymphomas are prevalent pathophysiological conditions worldwide and their incidences have increased over the last few years, here we review the possible role of leptin as a promising proinflammatory mediator promoting lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Lourdes Hontecillas-Prieto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel J. García-Domínguez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Zapata
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Natalia Palazón-Carrión
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - María L. Sánchez-León
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Malika Tami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Flora Sánchez-Jiménez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Teresa Vilariño-García
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Luis de la Cruz-Merino
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
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6
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Kwiat VR, Reis G, Valera IC, Parvatiyar K, Parvatiyar MS. Autoimmunity as a sequela to obesity and systemic inflammation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:887702. [PMID: 36479348 PMCID: PMC9720168 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.887702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity presents a world-wide challenge as it is associated with numerous comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and hypertension. Obesity-associated illnesses are estimated to cause nearly 4 million deaths globally per year, therefore there is a critical need to better understand associated pathogenesis, identify new therapeutic targets, and develop new interventions. Emerging data identify a key role for chronic inflammation in mediating obesity related disease states and reveal higher incidence of autoimmune disease development. Of the multiple potential mechanisms linking obesity and autoimmunity, the strongest link has been shown for leptin, a hormone secreted at high levels from obese white adipose tissue. Numerous studies have demonstrated that leptin enhances activation of both arms of the immune system, while its absence protects against development of autoimmunity. Other potential newly discovered mechanisms that contribute to autoimmune pathogenesis are not directly connected but also associated with obesity including sustained platelet activation, gut dysbiosis, and aging. Here we review how obesity instigates autoimmunity, particularly in the context of immune cell activations and adipokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R. Kwiat
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Gisienne Reis
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Isela C. Valera
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Kislay Parvatiyar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Michelle S. Parvatiyar
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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7
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Tian YQ, Zhang SP, Zhang KL, Cao D, Zheng YJ, Liu P, Zhou HH, Wu YN, Xu QX, Liu XP, Tang XD, Zheng YQ, Wang FY. Paeoniflorin Ameliorates Colonic Fibrosis in Rats with Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome by Inhibiting the Leptin/LepRb Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:6010858. [PMID: 36225193 PMCID: PMC9550452 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6010858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder associated with immune dysregulation and depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. Through traditional medicine, the active ingredient of Paeoniae Radix called paeoniflorin (PF) was previously found to prevent the symptoms of PI-IBS. However, there is limited information on the effects of PF on intestinal function and depression- and anxiety-like symptoms in PI-IBS animal models. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of PF treatment on the symptoms of PI-IBS in a rat model. The PI-IBS rat model was established via early postnatal sibling deprivation (EPSD), trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS), and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) stimulation and then treated with different dosages of PF (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) and leptin (1 and 10 mg/kg). The fecal water content and body weight were measured to evaluate the intestinal function, while the two-bottle test for sucrose intake, open field test (OFT), and elevated plus maze test (EMT) were performed to assess behavioral changes. The serum leptin levels were also measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, the expressions of leptin and its receptor, LepRb, were detected in colonic mucosal tissues through an immunohistochemical assay. The activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were also detected via western blotting. After the experimental period, the PI-IBS rats presented decreased body weight and increased fecal water content, which coincided with elevated leptin levels and heightened depression- and anxiety-like behaviors (e.g., low sucrose intake, less frequency in the center areas during OFT, and fewer activities in the open arms during EMT). However, the PF treatment ameliorated these observed symptoms. Furthermore, PF not only inhibited leptin/LepRb expression but also reduced the PI3K/AKT phosphorylation and BDNF expression in PI-IBS rats. Notably, cotreatment with leptin (10 mg/kg) reduced the effects of PF (20 mg/kg) on colonic fibrosis, leptin/LepRb expression, and PI3K/AKT activation. Therefore, our findings suggest that leptin is targeted by PF via the leptin/LepRb pathway, consequently ameliorating the symptoms of PI-IBS. Our study also contributes novel insights for elucidating the pharmacological action of PF on gastrointestinal disorders and may be used for the clinical treatment of PI-IBS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qing Tian
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-Evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Teaching and Research Section of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Sheng-Peng Zhang
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-Evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Teaching and Research Section of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Kun-Li Zhang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Cao
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-Evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Teaching and Research Section of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Jun Zheng
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Hui Zhou
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-Evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Teaching and Research Section of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Ya-Ning Wu
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-Evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Teaching and Research Section of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Qi-Xiang Xu
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-Evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Teaching and Research Section of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liu
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-Evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Teaching and Research Section of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Xu-Dong Tang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Qiu Zheng
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-Evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Teaching and Research Section of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Feng-Yun Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Letizia M, Wang YH, Kaufmann U, Gerbeth L, Sand A, Brunkhorst M, Weidner P, Ziegler JF, Böttcher C, Schlickeiser S, Fernández C, Yamashita M, Stauderman K, Sun K, Kunkel D, Prakriya M, Sanders AD, Siegmund B, Feske S, Weidinger C. Store-operated calcium entry controls innate and adaptive immune cell function in inflammatory bowel disease. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15687. [PMID: 35919953 PMCID: PMC9449601 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202215687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by dysregulated intestinal immune responses. Using mass cytometry (CyTOF) to analyze the immune cell composition in the lamina propria (LP) of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), we observed an enrichment of CD4+ effector T cells producing IL‐17A and TNF, CD8+ T cells producing IFNγ, T regulatory (Treg) cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILC). The function of these immune cells is regulated by store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), which results from the opening of Ca2+ release‐activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels formed by ORAI and STIM proteins. We observed that the pharmacologic inhibition of SOCE attenuated the production of proinflammatory cytokines including IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐17A, TNF, and IFNγ by human colonic T cells and ILCs, reduced the production of IL‐6 by B cells and the production of IFNγ by myeloid cells, but had no effect on the viability, differentiation, and function of intestinal epithelial cells. T cell‐specific deletion of CRAC channel genes in mice showed that Orai1, Stim1, and Stim2‐deficient T cells have quantitatively distinct defects in SOCE, which correlate with gradually more pronounced impairment of cytokine production by Th1 and Th17 cells and the severity of IBD. Moreover, the pharmacologic inhibition of SOCE with a selective CRAC channel inhibitor attenuated IBD severity and colitogenic T cell function in mice. Our data indicate that SOCE inhibition may be a suitable new approach for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Letizia
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yin-Hu Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ulrike Kaufmann
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenz Gerbeth
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annegret Sand
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Brunkhorst
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Weidner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Single Cell Approaches for Personalized Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Felix Ziegler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chotima Böttcher
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, A Cooperation of Charité and MDC, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Schlickeiser
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Flow & Mass Cytometry Core Facility, Berlin, Germany
| | - Camila Fernández
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, A Cooperation of Charité and MDC, Berlin, Germany
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Katherine Sun
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Désirée Kunkel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Flow & Mass Cytometry Core Facility, Berlin, Germany
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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- TRR 241 Research Initiative, Berlin-Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ashley D Sanders
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Single Cell Approaches for Personalized Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carl Weidinger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Suau R, Pardina E, Domènech E, Lorén V, Manyé J. The Complex Relationship Between Microbiota, Immune Response and Creeping Fat in Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:472-489. [PMID: 34528668 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been growing interest in the pathological involvement of hypertrophic mesenteric fat attached to the serosa of the inflamed intestinal segments involved in Crohn's disease [CD], known as creeping fat. In spite of its protective nature, creeping fat harbours an aberrant inflammatory activity which, in an already inflamed intestine, may explain why creeping fat is associated with a greater severity of CD. The transmural inflammation of CD facilitates the interaction of mesenteric fat with translocated intestinal microorganisms, contributing to activation of the immune response. This may be not the only way in which microorganisms alter the homeostasis of this fatty tissue: intestinal dysbiosis may also impair xenobiotic metabolism. All these CD-related alterations have a functional impact on nuclear receptors such as the farnesoid X receptor or the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, which are implicated in regulation of the immune response, adipogenesis and the maintenance of barrier function, as well as on creeping fat production of inflammatory-associated cells such as adipokines. The dysfunction of creeping fat worsens the inflammatory course of CD and may favour intestinal fibrosis and fistulizing complications. However, our current knowledge of the pathophysiology and pathogenic role of creeping fat is controversial and a better understanding might provide new therapeutic targets for CD. Here we aim to review and update the key cellular and molecular alterations involved in this inflammatory process that link the pathological components of CD with the development of creeping fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Suau
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Pardina
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona (Catalonia), Spain
| | - Eugeni Domènech
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain.,Gastroenterology Department, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' University Hospital, Badalona (Catalonia), Spain
| | - Violeta Lorén
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Manyé
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
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10
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Bruno A, Ferrante G, Di Vincenzo S, Pace E, La Grutta S. Leptin in the Respiratory Tract: Is There a Role in SARS-CoV-2 Infection? Front Physiol 2022; 12:776963. [PMID: 35002761 PMCID: PMC8727443 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.776963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a pleiotropic adipocytokine involved in several physiologic functions, with a known role in innate and adaptive immunity as well as in tissue homeostasis. Long- and short-isoforms of leptin receptors are widely expressed in many peripheral tissues and organs, such as the respiratory tract. Similar to leptin, microbiota affects the immune system and may interfere with lung health through the bidirectional crosstalk called the “gut-lung axis.” Obesity leads to impaired protective immunity and altered susceptibility to pulmonary infections, as those by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although it is known that leptin and microbiota link metabolism and lung health, their role within the SARS-CoV2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deserves further investigations. This review aimed to summarize the available evidence about: (i) the role of leptin in immune modulation; (ii) the role of gut microbiota within the gut-lung axis in modulating leptin sensitivity; and (iii) the role of leptin in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Bruno
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ferrante
- Pediatric Division, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
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11
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Yin Y, Zhu ZX, Li Z, Chen YS, Zhu WM. Role of mesenteric component in Crohn’s disease: A friend or foe? World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13:1536-1549. [PMID: 35070062 PMCID: PMC8727179 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i12.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a complex and relapsing gastrointestinal disease with mesenteric alterations. The mesenteric neural, vascular, and endocrine systems actively take part in the gut dysbiosis-adaptive immunity-mesentery-body axis, and this axis has been proven to be bidirectional. The abnormalities of morphology and function of the mesenteric component are associated with intestinal inflammation and disease progress of CD via responses to afferent signals, neuropeptides, lymphatic drainage, adipokines, and functional cytokines. The hypertrophy of mesenteric adipose tissue plays important roles in the pathogenesis of CD by secreting large amounts of adipokines and representing a rich source of proinflammatory or profibrotic cytokines. The vascular alteration, including angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, is concomitant in the disease course of CD. Of note, the enlarged and obstructed lymphatic vessels, which have been described in CD patients, are likely related to the early onset submucosa edema and being a cause of CD. The function of mesenteric lymphatics is influenced by endocrine of mesenteric nerves and adipocytes. Meanwhile, the structure of the mesenteric lymphatic vessels in hypertrophic mesenteric adipose tissue is mispatterned and ruptured, which can lead to lymph leakage. Leaky lymph factors can in turn stimulate adipose tissue to proliferate and effectively elicit an immune response. The identification of the role of mesentery and the crosstalk between mesenteric tissues in intestinal inflammation may shed light on understanding the underlying mechanism of CD and help explore new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Ming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
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12
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Abstract
Lipodystrophy syndromes (LS) constitute a group of rare diseases of the adipose tissue, characterized by a complete or selective deficiency of the fat mass. These disorders are associated with important insulin resistance, cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities that impact patient's survival and quality of life. Management is challenging and includes diet, physical activity, and specific pharmacological treatment of LS-associated comorbidities. Because of a common pathophysiology involving decreased concentration of the adipokine leptin, efforts have been made to develop therapeutic strategies with leptin replacement therapy. Metreleptin, a recombinant human leptin analogue, has been proposed in hypoleptinemic patients since the beginning of 2000's. The treatment leads to an improvement in metabolic parameters, more important in generalized than in partial LS forms. In this review, the current knowledge about the development of the drug, its outcomes in the treatment of lipodystrophic patients as well as the peculiarities of its use will be presented.
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13
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Ceccarini G, Magno S, Gilio D, Pelosini C, Santini F. Autoimmunity in lipodystrophy syndromes. Presse Med 2021; 50:104073. [PMID: 34547374 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2021.104073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophy syndromes are rare, heterogeneous disorders characterized by the complete or partial deficiency of adipose tissue and are classified according to the extent of fat loss in generalized or partial subtypes, or based on the pathogenic mechanisms in genetic or acquired. While in most cases of congenital forms of lipodystrophy a genetic alteration can be identified, the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the acquired diseases are not fully clarified. Based on the evidence of a positive association between most acquired lipodystrophies and autoimmune disorders including immune mediated alterations in the adipose tissue of patients affected by acquired lipodystrophy, a reaction against white adipose tissue antigens is postulated. Recent acquisitions have shed new light on the possible pathogenic mechanisms and identified novel forms of acquired lipodystrophy which are possibly immune-mediated. The aim of this review is to give an update on acquired lipodystrophies describing pathogenic mechanisms involved and the relationships between acquired lipodystrophies and other autoimmune disorders. Larger studies based on international disease registries are needed to collect accurate information on the prevalence, risk factors, genetic predisposition, natural history, disease markers and treatment efficacy of these ultrarare disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ceccarini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Magno
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Donatella Gilio
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Pelosini
- Chemistry and Endocrinology Laboratory at University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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14
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Mintoff D, Benhadou F, Pace NP, Frew JW. Metabolic syndrome and hidradenitis suppurativa: epidemiological, molecular, and therapeutic aspects. Int J Dermatol 2021; 61:1175-1186. [PMID: 34530487 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, suppurative condition of the pilosebaceous unit. Patients suffering from HS demonstrate a molecular profile in keeping with a state of systemic inflammation and are often found to fit the criteria for a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this paper, we review the literature with regards to established data on the prevalence of MetS in HS patients and revise the odds ratio of comorbid disease. Furthermore, we attempt to draw parallels between inflammatory pathways in HS and MetS and evaluate how convergences may explain the risk of comorbid disease, necessitating the need for multidisciplinary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon Mintoff
- Department of Dermatology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta.,European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V, Dessau, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Farida Benhadou
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V, Dessau, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nikolai P Pace
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - John W Frew
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Yu XH, Cao RR, Yang YQ, Lei SF. Identification of causal metabolites related to multiple autoimmune diseases. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:604-613. [PMID: 34523675 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECT Observational studies provide evidence that metabolites may be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases (ADs), but whether it is causal is still unknown. METHODS Based on the large-scale GWAS summary statistics, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to evaluate the causal association between human serum metabolites and multiple ADs, which were inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative Colitis (UC), crohn's disease (CD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes (T1D), multiple sclerosis (MS), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Comprehensive sensitive analysis was used to validate the robustness of MR results and multivariable MR analysis was conducted to avoid potential pleiotropic effect of other complex traits. Finally, metabolic pathway analysis was performed based on causal metabolites for each ad, respectively. RESULTS We identified 6 causal features of metabolite after Bonferroni adjustment, i.e. glycerol 2-phosphate for T1D, hexadecanedioate, phenylacetylglutamine and laurylcarnitine for RA, glycine and arachidonate (20:4n6) for CD. Then comprehensively sensitive analysis proved the robustness of the causal associations. We also observed some overlaps of metabolites among different ADs, indicating the similar mechanisms. After controlling for several common traits, multivariable MR analysis ruled out most of potential pleiotropic effects and validated the independence of identified metabolites. Additionally, a total of 6 metabolic pathways have been identified for different ADs. CONCLUSIONS This study provided novel insights into investigating causal role of serum metabolites in development of multiple ADs through a comprehensive genetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hao Yu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Rong Cao
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Qun Yang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Feng Lei
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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16
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Wei X, Bai Y, Wang Z, Zheng X, Jin Z, Liu X. Association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors use and leptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:88. [PMID: 34446063 PMCID: PMC8390252 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) provide a unique antihyperglycemic effect by regulating incretin peptides in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients who are inadequately controlled with insulin therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of DPP-4i on leptin concentrations in subjects with T2DM. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with comparators were systematically searched through PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Quantitative analysis was performed with a fixed or random-effects model according to heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated by using the standard methods for sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Ten trials with 698 patients with T2DM were included. Pooled analysis demonstrated that DPP-4i did not significantly change leptin concentrations (1.31 ng/mL, 95 % CI - 0.48 to 3.10). DPP-4i exerted effects on modulating leptin levels compared to active comparators (0.21 ng/mL, 95 % CI - 1.37 to 1.78). Meta-analysis was powerful and stable after sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS DPP-4i did not modulate leptin concentrations in T2DM and exerted no stronger effects than traditional antidiabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Department of Cardiology and Macrovascular Disease, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zening Jin
- Department of Cardiology and Macrovascular Disease, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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17
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Karaskova E, Velganova-Veghova M, Geryk M, Foltenova H, Kucerova V, Karasek D. Role of Adipose Tissue in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4226. [PMID: 33921758 PMCID: PMC8073530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), chronic inflammatory disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract, include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. There are increasing clinical and experimental data showing that obesity, especially visceral adiposity, plays a substantial role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Obesity seems to be an important risk factor also for IBD disease severity and clinical outcomes. Visceral adipose tissue is an active multifunctional metabolic organ involved in lipid storage and immunological and endocrine activity. Bowel inflammation penetrates the surrounding adipose tissue along the mesentery. Mesenteric fat serves as a barrier to inflammation and controls immune responses to the translocation of gut bacteria. At the same time, mesenteric adipose tissue may be the principal source of cytokines and adipokines responsible for inflammatory processes associated with IBD. This review is particularly focusing on the potential role of adipokines in IBD pathogenesis and their possible use as promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Karaskova
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.V.-V.); (M.G.); (H.F.)
| | - Maria Velganova-Veghova
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.V.-V.); (M.G.); (H.F.)
| | - Milos Geryk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.V.-V.); (M.G.); (H.F.)
| | - Hana Foltenova
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.V.-V.); (M.G.); (H.F.)
| | - Veronika Kucerova
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - David Karasek
- Third Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
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18
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de Candia P, Prattichizzo F, Garavelli S, Alviggi C, La Cava A, Matarese G. The pleiotropic roles of leptin in metabolism, immunity, and cancer. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211994. [PMID: 33857282 PMCID: PMC8056770 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the archetypal adipocytokine leptin and how it regulates energy homeostasis have represented breakthroughs in our understanding of the endocrine function of the adipose tissue and the biological determinants of human obesity. Investigations on leptin have also been instrumental in identifying physio-pathological connections between metabolic regulation and multiple immunological functions. For example, the description of the promoting activities of leptin on inflammation and cell proliferation have recognized the detrimental effects of leptin in connecting dysmetabolic conditions with cancer and with onset and/or progression of autoimmune disease. Here we review the multiple biological functions and complex framework of operations of leptin, discussing why and how the pleiotropic activities of this adipocytokine still pose major hurdles in the development of effective leptin-based therapeutic opportunities for different clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola de Candia
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Garavelli
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Università di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio La Cava
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy.,T reg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
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19
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Hebebrand J, Antel J, Tan S, Wabitsch M, Wiesing U, Barth N, Ludwig C, Bühlmeier J, Libuda L, Milos G, Hinney A. Kurzzeitige Behandlung von Patient_innen mit Anorexia nervosa mit rekombinant hergestelltem Human-Leptin (Metreleptin): Rasch einsetzende positive Effekte auf Stimmung, Kognition und Verhalten. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2021; 49:1-5. [DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hebebrand
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum, Kliniken/Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Jochen Antel
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum, Kliniken/Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Susanne Tan
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinik Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Zentrum für Seltene Endokrine Erkrankungen (ZSEE), Sektion Pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Urban Wiesing
- Institut für Ethik und Geschichte der Medizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Nikolaus Barth
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum, Kliniken/Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Christine Ludwig
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum, Kliniken/Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Judith Bühlmeier
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum, Kliniken/Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Lars Libuda
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum, Kliniken/Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Gabriella Milos
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinik Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Anke Hinney
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum, Kliniken/Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Deutschland
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20
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Tsai YW, Fu SH, Dong JL, Chien MW, Liu YW, Hsu CY, Sytwu HK. Adipokine-Modulated Immunological Homeostasis Shapes the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249564. [PMID: 33334069 PMCID: PMC7765468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory colon diseases, which are a global health concern, include a variety of gastrointestinal tract disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. The pathogenesis of these colon disorders involves immune alterations with the pronounced infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells into the intestines and the augmented expression of mucosal pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulated by commensal microbiota. Epidemiological studies during the past half century have shown that the proportion of obese people in a population is associated with the incidence and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract disorders. The advancement of understanding of the immunological basis of colon disease has shown that adipocyte-derived biologically active substances (adipokines) modulate the role of innate and adaptive immune cells in the progress of intestinal inflammation. The biomedical significance in immunological homeostasis of adipokines, including adiponectin, leptin, apelin and resistin, is clear. In this review, we highlight the existing literature on the effect and contribution of adipokines to the regulation of immunological homeostasis in inflammatory colon diseases and discuss their crucial roles in disease etiology and pathogenesis, as well as the implications of these results for new therapies in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, No. 222, Maijin Road, Keelung 204, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Huei Fu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (S.-H.F.); (M.-W.C.)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Jia-Ling Dong
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Ming-Wei Chien
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (S.-H.F.); (M.-W.C.)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Yu-Wen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-W.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Hsu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (S.-H.F.); (M.-W.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.H.); (H.-K.S.)
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (S.-H.F.); (M.-W.C.)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-W.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.H.); (H.-K.S.)
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21
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Chen PY, Tsai YW, Chang AYW, Chang HH, Hsiao YH, Huang CW, Sung PS, Chen BH, Fu TF. Increased leptin-b expression and metalloprotease expression contributed to the pyridoxine-associated toxicity in zebrafish larvae displaying seizure-like behavior. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Fernández‐Zapata C, Leman JKH, Priller J, Böttcher C. The use and limitations of single-cell mass cytometry for studying human microglia function. Brain Pathol 2020; 30:1178-1191. [PMID: 33058349 PMCID: PMC8018011 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play an important role in brain development and homoeostasis, as well as in neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Studies in animal models have been used to determine the origin and development of microglia, and how these cells alter their transcriptional and phenotypic signatures during CNS pathology. However, little is known about their human counterparts. Recent studies in human brain samples have harnessed the power of multiplexed single-cell technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and mass cytometry (cytometry by time-of-flight [CyTOF]) to provide a comprehensive molecular view of human microglia in healthy and diseased brains. CyTOF is a powerful tool to study high-dimensional protein expression of human microglia (huMG) at the single-cell level. This technology widens the possibilities of high-throughput quantification (of over 60 targeted molecules) at a single-cell resolution. CyTOF can be combined with scRNA-seq for comprehensive analysis, as it allows single-cell analysis of post-translational modifications of proteins, which provides insights into cell signalling dynamics in targeted cells. In addition, imaging mass cytometry (IMC) has recently become commercially available, and will be useful for analysing multiple cell types in human brain sections. IMC leverages mass spectrometry to acquire spatial data of cell-cell interactions on tissue sections, using (theoretically) over 40 markers at the same time. In this review, we summarise recent studies of huMG using CyTOF and IMC analyses. The uses and limitations as well as future directions of these technologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fernández‐Zapata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular PsychiatryCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Julia K. H. Leman
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular PsychiatryCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular PsychiatryCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BerlinGermany
- UK Dementia Research Institute (DRI)University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Chotima Böttcher
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular PsychiatryCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
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23
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Khoonrit P, Mirdogan A, Dehlinger A, Mekboonsonglarp W, Likhitwitayawuid K, Priller J, Böttcher C, Sritularak B. Immune modulatory effect of a novel 4,5-dihydroxy-3,3´,4´-trimethoxybibenzyl from Dendrobium lindleyi. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238509. [PMID: 32870935 PMCID: PMC7462310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium bibenzyls and phenanthrenes such as chrysotoxine, cypripedin, gigantol and moscatilin have been reported to show promising inhibitory effects on lung cancer growth and metastasis in ex vivo human cell line models, suggesting their potential for clinical application in patients with lung cancer. However, it remains to be determined whether these therapeutic effects can be also seen in primary human cells and/or in vivo. In this study, we comparatively investigated the immune modulatory effects of bibenzyls and phenanthrenes, including a novel Dendrobium bibenzyl derivative, in primary human monocytes. All compounds were isolated and purified from a Thai orchid Dendrobium lindleyi Steud, a new source of therapeutic compounds with promising potential of tissue culture production. We detected increased frequencies of TNF- and IL-6-expressing monocytes after treatment with gigantol and cypripedin, whereas chrysotoxine and moscatilin did not alter the expression of these cytokines in monocytes. Interestingly, the new 4,5-dihydroxy-3,3′,4′-trimethoxybibenzyl derivative showed dose-dependent immune modulatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated CD14lo and CD14hi monocytes. Together, our findings show immune modulatory effects of the new bibenzyl derivative from Dendrobium lindleyi on different monocyte sub-populations. However, therapeutic consequences of these different monocyte populations on human diseases including cancer remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichayatri Khoonrit
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alp Mirdogan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adeline Dehlinger
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wanwimon Mekboonsonglarp
- Scientific and Technological Research Equipment Centre, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chotima Böttcher
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (CB); (BS)
| | - Boonchoo Sritularak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (CB); (BS)
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Martínez-Sánchez N. There and Back Again: Leptin Actions in White Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176039. [PMID: 32839413 PMCID: PMC7503240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone discovered almost 30 years ago with important implications in metabolism. It is primarily produced by white adipose tissue (WAT) in proportion to the amount of fat. The discovery of leptin was a turning point for two principle reasons: on one hand, it generated promising expectations for the treatment of the obesity, and on the other, it changed the classical concept that white adipose tissue was simply an inert storage organ. Thus, adipocytes in WAT produce the majority of leptin and, although its primary role is the regulation of fat stores by controlling lipolysis and lipogenesis, this hormone also has implications in other physiological processes within WAT, such as apoptosis, browning and inflammation. Although a massive number of questions related to leptin actions have been answered, the necessity for further clarification facilitates constantly renewing interest in this hormone and its pathways. In this review, leptin actions in white adipose tissue will be summarized in the context of obesity.
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25
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Guha D, Mukherjee R, Aich P. Macrophage plays important role in cortisol and serotonin induced adipogenesis in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:511-521. [PMID: 32761288 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Psychological stress is an important cause to induce various metabolic disorders such as obesity, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders by affecting the visceral adipose tissue. Pathophysiology of these diseases is often accompanied by the hyperactive immune system. The hyperactive immune system causes immune cells to infiltrate in the adipose tissue to increase the severity of metabolic disorders and to affect the levels of stress associated hormones, such as cortisol and serotonin. Cortisol and serotonin, alone or together, could regulate several aspects of the metabolic and immunological deregulations by manipulating the lipid accumulation or adipogenesis in cells. During adipogenesis, macrophages are recruited. Previous reports from the Aich laboratory established the roles of cortisol and serotonin to influence adipogenesis in pre-adipocytes 3T3-L1 in the presence and absence of macrophages. In the current study, we reported the role of macrophage RAW264.7, especially its polarized states, on differentiated murine adipocytes 3T3-L1 in the presence or absence of cortisol and serotonin. The current study also compares the differential role of macrophage recruitment on pre- and differentiated adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Guha
- S.N. Bose Innovation Centre, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India.,School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Dist. Khurda, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Raktim Mukherjee
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Dist. Khurda, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Palok Aich
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Dist. Khurda, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India.
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26
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Chakaroun RM, Massier L, Kovacs P. Gut Microbiome, Intestinal Permeability, and Tissue Bacteria in Metabolic Disease: Perpetrators or Bystanders? Nutrients 2020; 12:E1082. [PMID: 32295104 PMCID: PMC7230435 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging evidence on the interconnectedness between the gut microbiome and host metabolism has led to a paradigm shift in the study of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes with implications on both underlying pathophysiology and potential treatment. Mounting preclinical and clinical evidence of gut microbiota shifts, increased intestinal permeability in metabolic disease, and the critical positioning of the intestinal barrier at the interface between environment and internal milieu have led to the rekindling of the "leaky gut" concept. Although increased circulation of surrogate markers and directly measurable intestinal permeability have been linked to increased systemic inflammation in metabolic disease, mechanistic models behind this phenomenon are underdeveloped. Given repeated observations of microorganisms in several tissues with congruent phylogenetic findings, we review current evidence on these unanticipated niches, focusing specifically on the interaction between gut permeability and intestinal as well as extra-intestinal bacteria and their joint contributions to systemic inflammation and metabolism. We further address limitations of current studies and suggest strategies drawing on standard techniques for permeability measurement, recent advancements in microbial culture independent techniques and computational methodologies to robustly develop these concepts, which may be of considerable value for the development of prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima M. Chakaroun
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (L.M.); (P.K.)
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