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Zhang S, Zhou X, Nie Z, Su C, Lu Q, Wei J, Liu T, Chi M, Luo B, Liu Y, Cai C, Wang J, Gao C, Wang S, Nie S. Smart Lanceolate Surface with Fast Fog-Digesting Performance for Triboelectric Energy Harvesting. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39088752 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing the ubiquitous fog in nature to create decentralized energy-harvesting devices, free from geographical and hydrological constraints, presents an opportunity to foster sustainable power generation. Extracting electrical energy from fog relies heavily on fog-digesting performance. Improving the efficiency of fogwater utilization remains a formidable challenge for existing fogwater energy-harvesting technologies. Inspired by the water-harvesting behavior of Tillandsia leaves, a smart lanceolate surface is developed to harvest triboelectric energy by rapidly digesting fog. Such a surface exhibits capabilities in fog management, encompassing precise fog capture, transportation, and critical droplet separation. Specifically, fog droplets condense at hydrophilic sites of acylated cellulose ester, subsequently migrating toward the rear under Laplace pressure, thereby producing energy as they traverse through the tail end. Such architecture yields a brief voltage restoration period (with an average of 9.36 s), can rush the capacitor to 11.59 V within 20 s, and achieves a water-digestion rate of up to 71.05 kg/m2 h. This biomimetic approach enhances the water-digestion efficacy of the atmospheric water energy apparatus and offers perspectives on mitigating deficiencies in power resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Xujun Zhou
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Zhichao Nie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Chaolin Su
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Qizhao Lu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Jiajia Wei
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Mingchao Chi
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Bin Luo
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Chenchen Cai
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Cong Gao
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Shuangxi Nie
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
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Hidalgo-Ogalde B, Pinto-Ramos D, Clerc MG, Tlidi M. Nonreciprocal feedback induces migrating oblique and horizontal banded vegetation patterns in hyperarid landscapes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14635. [PMID: 38918448 PMCID: PMC11199605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In hyperarid environments, vegetation is highly fragmented, with plant populations exhibiting non-random biphasic structures where regions of high biomass density are separated by bare soil. In the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, rainfall is virtually nonexistent, but fog pushed in from the interior sustains patches of vegetation in a barren environment. Tillandsia landbeckii, a plant with no functional roots, survives entirely on fog corridors as a water source. Their origin is attributed to interaction feedback among the ecosystem agents, which have different spatial scales, ultimately generating banded patterns as a self-organising response to resource scarcity. The interaction feedback between the plants can be nonreciprocal due to the fact that the fog flows in a well-defined direction. Using remote sensing analysis and mathematical modelling, we characterise the orientation angle of banded vegetation patterns with respect to fog direction and topographic slope gradient. We show that banded vegetation patterns can be either oblique or horizontal to the fog flow rather than topography. The initial and boundary conditions determine the type of the pattern. The bifurcation diagram for both patterns is established. The theoretical predictions are in agreement with observations from remote sensing image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Hidalgo-Ogalde
- Departamento de Física and Millennium Institute for Research in Optics, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 487-3, Santiago, Chile.
| | - David Pinto-Ramos
- Departamento de Física and Millennium Institute for Research in Optics, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 487-3, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Görlitz, Germany
| | - Marcel G Clerc
- Departamento de Física and Millennium Institute for Research in Optics, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 487-3, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mustapha Tlidi
- Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), CP 231, Campus Plaine, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Fradera-Soler M, Mravec J, Schulz A, Taboryski R, Jørgensen B, Grace OM. Revisiting an ecophysiological oddity: Hydathode-mediated foliar water uptake in Crassula species from southern Africa. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:460-481. [PMID: 37876364 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydathodes are usually associated with water exudation in plants. However, foliar water uptake (FWU) through the hydathodes has long been suspected in the leaf-succulent genus Crassula (Crassulaceae), a highly diverse group in southern Africa, and, to our knowledge, no empirical observations exist in the literature that unequivocally link FWU to hydathodes in this genus. FWU is expected to be particularly beneficial on the arid western side of southern Africa, where up to 50% of Crassula species occur and where periodically high air humidity leads to fog and/or dew formation. To investigate if hydathode-mediated FWU is operational in different Crassula species, we used the apoplastic fluorescent tracer Lucifer Yellow in combination with different imaging techniques. Our images of dye-treated leaves confirm that hydathode-mediated FWU does indeed occur in Crassula and that it might be widespread across the genus. Hydathodes in Crassula serve as moisture-harvesting structures, besides their more common purpose of guttation, an adaptation that has likely played an important role in the evolutionary history of the genus. Our observations suggest that ability for FWU is independent of geographical distribution and not restricted to arid environments under fog influence, as FWU is also operational in Crassula species from the rather humid eastern side of southern Africa. Our observations point towards no apparent link between FWU ability and overall leaf surface wettability in Crassula. Instead, the hierarchically sculptured leaf surfaces of several Crassula species may facilitate FWU due to hydrophilic leaf surface microdomains, even in seemingly hydrophobic species. Overall, these results confirm the ecophysiological relevance of hydathode-mediated FWU in Crassula and reassert the importance of atmospheric humidity for some arid-adapted plant groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fradera-Soler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Jozef Mravec
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rafael Taboryski
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization (DTU Nanolab), Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bodil Jørgensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Olwen M Grace
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Zhang K, Zhao Z, Liu G, Ran T, Cui X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Gan Y, Liang J, Zhang L, Chen H. High-Efficient Microdroplet Harvesting and Detaching Inspired from Sarracenia Lid Trichome. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59075-59086. [PMID: 38051973 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Fog harvesting plays a pivotal role in harnessing atmospheric water resources and holds significant promise for alleviating global water scarcity. Nonetheless, enhancing harvesting efficiency remains a persistent challenge, especially concerning the rapid detachment of droplets from surfaces. In this study, we discovered that the trichomes of Sarracenia not only efficiently harvest and transport liquid but also quickly drain harvested liquid. We have elucidated the augmentation mechanism behind effective fog harvesting and drainage within the lid of Sarracenia. The trichomes facing the counterflow can enhance fog harvesting efficiency by 80% through air-flow-assisted spreading of liquid film. The wedge corner generated by the interface between hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, coupled with the reduction of cross-sectional angles, diminishes the adhesive force of liquid droplets, fosters droplet spheroidization, and substantially facilitates droplet detachment. In addition, the quantitative detachment of droplets can be achieved by adjusting the cross-sectional angle and wetting gradient. This integrated structure combining efficient condensation and detachment has diverse applications in cooling towers and seawater desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiteng Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zehui Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guang Liu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Hebei 050091, China
| | - Tong Ran
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xianxian Cui
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Gan
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huawei Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Hakobyan A, Velte S, Sickel W, Quandt D, Stoll A, Knief C. Tillandsia landbeckii phyllosphere and laimosphere as refugia for bacterial life in a hyperarid desert environment. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:246. [PMID: 37936139 PMCID: PMC10631034 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of water is a major constraint for microbial life in hyperarid deserts. Consequently, the abundance and diversity of microorganisms in common habitats such as soil are strongly reduced, and colonization occurs primarily by specifically adapted microorganisms that thrive in particular refugia to escape the harsh conditions that prevail in these deserts. We suggest that plants provide another refugium for microbial life in hyperarid deserts. We studied the bacterial colonization of Tillandsia landbeckii (Bromeliaceae) plants, which occur in the hyperarid regions of the Atacama Desert in Chile, one of the driest and oldest deserts on Earth. RESULTS We detected clear differences between the bacterial communities being plant associated to those of the bare soil surface (PERMANOVA, R2 = 0.187, p = 0.001), indicating that Tillandsia plants host a specific bacterial community, not only dust-deposited cells. Moreover, the bacterial communities in the phyllosphere were distinct from those in the laimosphere, i.e., on buried shoots (R2 = 0.108, p = 0.001), indicating further habitat differentiation within plant individuals. The bacterial taxa detected in the phyllosphere are partly well-known phyllosphere colonizers, but in addition, some rather unusual taxa (subgroup2 Acidobacteriae, Acidiphilum) and insect endosymbionts (Wolbachia, "Candidatus Uzinura") were found. The laimosphere hosted phyllosphere-associated as well as soil-derived taxa. The phyllosphere bacterial communities showed biogeographic patterns across the desert (R2 = 0.331, p = 0.001). These patterns were different and even more pronounced in the laimosphere (R2 = 0.467, p = 0.001), indicating that different factors determine community assembly in the two plant compartments. Furthermore, the phyllosphere microbiota underwent temporal changes (R2 = 0.064, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that T. landbeckii plants host specific bacterial communities in the phyllosphere as well as in the laimosphere. Therewith, these plants provide compartment-specific refugia for microbial life in hyperarid desert environments. The bacterial communities show biogeographic patterns and temporal variation, as known from other plant microbiomes, demonstrating environmental responsiveness and suggesting that bacteria inhabit these plants as viable microorganisms. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hakobyan
- Molecular Biology of the Rhizosphere, Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Velte
- Molecular Biology of the Rhizosphere, Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wiebke Sickel
- Molecular Biology of the Rhizosphere, Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Johann Heinrich Von Thünen Institute, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Dietmar Quandt
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Stoll
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas Ceaza, La Serena, Chile
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Claudia Knief
- Molecular Biology of the Rhizosphere, Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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Ballego-Campos I, Forzza RC, Paiva ÉAS. An overview of secretion in floral bracts of Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae), with emphasis on the secretory scales. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad066. [PMID: 37899979 PMCID: PMC10601381 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Bromeliaceae display many water-use strategies, from leaf impounding tanks to Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis and absorbing trichomes. Recent studies show that trichomes in inflorescences of bromeliads can exude viscous secretions, protecting against various stresses, including excessive water loss. In light of this, and considering the knowledge gap regarding inflorescence trichomes in bromeliads, we aimed to investigate the presence, source and chemical nature of inflorescence secretions in species of the Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) and to describe the anatomy of their floral bracts focusing on trichome structure and position. We conducted a prospection of secretory activity and anatomy in floral bracts in 52 species of Tillandsioideae and 1 early divergent Bromeliaceae species. We used histochemical tests to investigate the presence and nature of secretion combined with standard light microscopy methods. Secretion appears in all studied species of tribe Vrieseeae, in Guzmania species, Wallisia cyanea, Tillandsia streptopylla (Tillandsieae) and Catopsis morreniana (Catopsideae). It is absent in Vriesea guttata (Vrieseeae), Racinaea crispa and various Tillandsia species (Tillandsieae). Secretion is produced by peltate trichomes on the adaxial surface of young bracts and comprises hydrophilic and lipophilic substances. Bract anatomy revealed an internal mucilage-secreting tissue with wide distribution within the subtribe Vrieseinae. Our results point to a broad occurrence of secretion associated with bracteal scales in inflorescences of Tillandsioideae. Secretory function is strongly related to trichomes of the adaxial surface, whereas the indumentum of the abaxial side is lacking or likely associated with water absorption; the latter case is especially related to small, xeric plants. Exudates might engage in colleter-like roles, protecting against desiccation, high-radiation and herbivores. Directions for future research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Ballego-Campos
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafaela C Forzza
- Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, 22460-030 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Élder A S Paiva
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Yang JL, Song YY, Zhang X, Zhang ZQ, Cheng GG, Liu Y, Lv GJ, Ding JN. Research progress of bionic fog collection surfaces based on special structures from natural organisms. RSC Adv 2023; 13:27839-27864. [PMID: 37731827 PMCID: PMC10508262 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04253g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing shortage of water resources, people are seeking more innovative ways to collect fog to meet the growing need for production and the demand for livelihood. It has been proven that fog collection is efficient for collecting water in dry but foggy areas. As a hot research topic in recent years, bionic surfaces with fog collection functions have attracted widespread attention in practical applications and basic research. By studying natural organisms and bionic surfaces, more avenues are provided for the development of fog collection devices. Firstly, starting from biological prototypes, this article explored the structural characteristics and fog collection mechanisms of natural organisms such as spider silk, desert beetles, cactus, Nepenthes and other animals and plants (Sarracenia, shorebird and wheat awn), revealing the fog collection mechanism of the natural organisms based on microstructures. Secondly, based on the theory of interfacial tension, we would delve into the fog collection function's theoretical basis and wetting model, expounding the fog collection mechanism from a theoretical perspective. Thirdly, a detailed introduction was given to prepare bionic surfaces and recently explore fog collection devices. For bionic surfaces of a single biological prototype, the fog collection efficiency is about 2000-4000 mg cm-2 h-1. For bionic surfaces of multiple biological prototypes, the fog collection efficiency reaches 7000 mg cm-2 h-1. Finally, a critical analysis was conducted on the current challenges and future developments, aiming to promote the next generation of fog collection devices from a scientific perspective from research to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lei Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Yun-Yun Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Qiang Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Guang-Gui Cheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jun Lv
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ning Ding
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225127 Jiangsu P. R. China
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8
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Roth-Nebelsick A, Krause M. The Plant Leaf: A Biomimetic Resource for Multifunctional and Economic Design. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8020145. [PMID: 37092397 PMCID: PMC10123730 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As organs of photosynthesis, leaves are of vital importance for plants and a source of inspiration for biomimetic developments. Leaves are composed of interconnected functional elements that evolved in concert under high selective pressure, directed toward strategies for improving productivity with limited resources. In this paper, selected basic components of the leaf are described together with biomimetic examples derived from them. The epidermis (the "skin" of leaves) protects the leaf from uncontrolled desiccation and carries functional surface structures such as wax crystals and hairs. The epidermis is pierced by micropore apparatuses, stomata, which allow for regulated gas exchange. Photosynthesis takes place in the internal leaf tissue, while the venation system supplies the leaf with water and nutrients and exports the products of photosynthesis. Identifying the selective forces as well as functional limitations of the single components requires understanding the leaf as an integrated system that was shaped by evolution to maximize carbon gain from limited resource availability. These economic aspects of leaf function manifest themselves as trade-off solutions. Biomimetics is expected to benefit from a more holistic perspective on adaptive strategies and functional contexts of leaf structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Krause
- State Museum of Natural History, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
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9
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Li C, Mo Y, Wang N, Xing L, Qu Y, Chen Y, Yuan Z, Ali A, Qi J, Fernández V, Wang Y, Kopittke PM. The overlooked functions of trichomes: Water absorption and metal detoxication. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:669-687. [PMID: 36581782 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are epidermal outgrowths on plant shoots. Their roles in protecting plants against herbivores and in the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites have long been recognized. Recently, studies are increasingly showing that trichomes also play important roles in water absorption and metal detoxication, with these roles having important implications for ecology, the environment, and agriculture. However, these two functions of trichomes have been largely overlooked and much remains unknown. In this review, we show that the trichomes of 37 plant species belonging to 14 plant families are involved in water absorption, while the trichomes of 33 species from 13 families are capable of sequestering metals within their trichomes. The ability of trichomes to absorb water results from their decreased hydrophobicity compared to the remainder of the leaf surface as well as the presence of special structures for collecting and absorbing water. In contrast, the metal detoxication function of trichomes results not only from the good connection of their basal cells to the underlying vascular tissues, but also from the presence of metal-chelating ligands and transporters within the trichomes themselves. Knowledge gaps and critical future research questions regarding these two trichome functions are highlighted. This review improves our understanding on trichomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingying Mo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nina Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Longyi Xing
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Baoji Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Yanlong Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zuoqiang Yuan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Hebei, China
| | - Jiyan Qi
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Victoria Fernández
- School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yuheng Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peter M Kopittke
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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10
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Fuenzalida TI, Blacker MJ, Turner M, Sheppard A, Ball MC. Foliar water uptake enables embolism removal in excised twigs of Avicennia marina. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1136-1145. [PMID: 36372990 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Embolism refilling is thought to require relaxation of xylem tension, and it is unclear whether and how tall trees or plants growing in arid or saline soils recover from embolism. We tested whether foliar water uptake could enable embolism refilling in dehydrated twigs of the grey mangrove (Avicennia marina). Four dehydrated twigs were imaged by laboratory-based micro-computed tomography before and after wetting leaves. Emboli were observed in dehydrated stems and leaves. Embolism decreased with increasing distance from the cut end of stems, suggesting that stem emboli were caused by cutting. A significant (P = 0.026) c. 80% reduction in the embolised area was observed in leaves between the start and the end of the experiment (29 ± 10 h after wetting). Embolus diameter was unaffected by wetting. Embolism refilling occurred slowly, in stems embolised by cutting and leaves embolised by cutting and/or dehydration. The lack of response of embolus diameter to wetting suggests that capillarity was not the main mechanism for refilling. Results show that excised twigs of A. marina are able to recover from embolism by absorption of atmospheric water and call for studies under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás I Fuenzalida
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Matthew J Blacker
- Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Michael Turner
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Adrian Sheppard
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Marilyn C Ball
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
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11
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Kamtsikakis A, Weder C. Asymmetric Mass Transport through Dense Heterogeneous Polymer Membranes: Fundamental Principles, Lessons from Nature, and Artificial Systems. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100654. [PMID: 34792266 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Many organisms rely on directional water transport schemes for the purpose of water retention and collection. Directional transport of water and other fluids is also technologically relevant, for example to harvest water, in separation processes, packaging solutions, functional clothing, and many other applications. One strategy to promote mass transport along a preferential direction is to create compositionally asymmetric, multi-layered, or compositionally graded architectures. In recent years, the investigation of natural and artificial membranes based on this design has attracted growing interest and allowed researchers to develop a good understanding of how the properties of such membranes can be tailored to meet the demands of particular applications. Here a summary of theoretical works on mass transport through dense asymmetric membranes, comprehensive reviews of biological and artificial membranes featuring this design, and a discussion of applications, remaining questions, and opportunities are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotelis Kamtsikakis
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
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12
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Wang Q, He Y, Geng X, Hou Y, Zheng Y. Enhanced Fog Harvesting through Capillary-Assisted Rapid Transport of Droplet Confined in the Given Microchannel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:48292-48300. [PMID: 34607429 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel integrated bioinspired surface is fabricated by using an innovative capillarity-induced selective oxidation method, to achieve the combination of the fog-collecting characteristics of a variety of creatures, i.e., the micronanostructures of spider silk, the wettable patterns of desert beetle, the conical structure of cactus spine, and the hierarchical microchannel of Sarracenia trichome. The fog is captured effectively via multistructures on the cone tips, and captured droplet is collected and confined in the microchannel to realize rapid transport via the formation of wettable pattern on the surface and the introduction of wettable gradient in the microchannel. Consequently, the fog harvest efficiency reaches 2.48 g/h, increasing to nearly 320% compared to the normal surface. More interestingly, similar to Sarracenia trichome, the surface also presents two transport modes, namely, Mode I (water transport along dry microchannel) and Mode II (succeeding water slippage on the water film). In Mode II, the velocity of 34.10 mm/s is about three times faster than that on the Sarracenia trichome. Such a design of integrated bioinspired surface may present potential applications in high-efficiency water collection systems, microfluidic devices, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yi He
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Geng
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yongping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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13
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Ha N, Park J, Park SH, Seo E, Lim JH, Lee SJ. Domino-like water transport on Tillandsia through flexible trichome wings. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1906-1922. [PMID: 33690891 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tillandsia usneoides in epiphytic bromeliads takes up water through absorptive trichomes on the shoot surface under extreme environmental conditions. Although previous studies revealed the way by which T. usneoides absorbs water and prevents water loss, its water transport remains unclear. We characterized structures of trichome wings of T. usneoides. Wing length-to-thickness ratio of 136 and trichome interval (d)-to-wing length (l) ratio (d/l) smaller than 1 caused the water film to flatten the wings sequentially, resulting in domino-like water transport. A hinge-like linkage between wing and outer ring cells and the wing size longer than the elastocapillary length (LEC ) brought about this unique reconfiguration, which is the flattening and recovery of wings. Tillandsia usneoides transported water rapidly on the surface as the water film propagated on the exterior trichomes with flexible wings and the transport distance at the macroscopic scale grew as tx with x = 0.68 ± 0.04, unlike the conventional scaling of t0.5 . Empirical and theoretical investigations proved our assumption that external water transport with the domino-like effect predominated over internal vascular transport. Biomimetic trichome wings simulated the domino-like water transport, highlighting the important role of flexible wing arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center of Biofluid and Biomimic Research, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37673, Korea
| | - Jooyoung Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center of Biofluid and Biomimic Research, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37673, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center of Biofluid and Biomimic Research, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37673, Korea
| | - Eunseok Seo
- Department of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Center of Biofluid and Biomimic Research, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37673, Korea
| | - Jae Hong Lim
- Industrial Technology Convergence Center, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center of Biofluid and Biomimic Research, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37673, Korea
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14
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Bryant C, Fuenzalida TI, Zavafer A, Nguyen HT, Brothers N, Harris RJ, Beckett HAA, Holmlund HI, Binks O, Ball MC. Foliar water uptake via cork warts in mangroves of the Sonneratia genus. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2925-2937. [PMID: 34118083 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Foliar water uptake (FWU) occurs in plants of diverse ecosystems; however, the diversity of pathways and their associated FWU kinetics remain poorly resolved. We characterized a novel FWU pathway in two mangrove species of the Sonneratia genus, S. alba and S. caseolaris. Further, we assessed the influence of leaf wetting duration, wet-dry seasonality and leaf dehydration on leaf conductance to surface water (Ksurf ). The symplastic tracer dye, disodium fluorescein, revealed living cells subtending and encircling leaf epidermal structures known as cork warts as a pathway of FWU entry into the leaf. Rehydration kinetics experiments revealed a novel mode of FWU, with slow and steady rates of water uptake persistent over a duration of 12 hr. Ksurf increased with longer durations of leaf wetting and was greater in leaves with more negative water potentials at the initiation of leaf wetting. Ksurf declined by 68% between wet and dry seasons. Our results suggest that FWU via cork warts in Sonneratia sp. may be rate limited and under active regulation. We conclude that FWU pathways in halophytes may require ion exclusion to avoid uptake of salt when inundated, paralleling the capacity of halophyte roots for ion selectivity during water acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Bryant
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Tomas I Fuenzalida
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Alonso Zavafer
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hoa T Nguyen
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Nigel Brothers
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Rosalie J Harris
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Holly A A Beckett
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Helen I Holmlund
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Pepperdine University, Natural Science Division, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA
| | - Oliver Binks
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Marilyn C Ball
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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15
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Coopman RE, Nguyen HT, Mencuccini M, Oliveira RS, Sack L, Lovelock CE, Ball MC. Harvesting water from unsaturated atmospheres: deliquescence of salt secreted onto leaf surfaces drives reverse sap flow in a dominant arid climate mangrove, Avicennia marina. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1401-1414. [PMID: 33983649 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mangrove Avicennia marina adjusts internal salt concentrations by foliar salt secretion. Deliquescence of accumulated salt causes leaf wetting that may provide a water source for salt-secreting plants in arid coastal wetlands where high nocturnal humidity can usually support deliquescence whereas rainfall events are rare. We tested the hypotheses that salt deliquescence on leaf surfaces can drive top-down rehydration, and that such absorption of moisture from unsaturated atmospheres makes a functional contribution to dry season shoot water balances. Sap flow and water relations were monitored to assess the uptake of atmospheric water by branches during shoot wetting events under natural and manipulated microclimatic conditions. Reverse sap flow rates increased with increasing relative humidity from 70% to 89%, consistent with function of salt deliquescence in harvesting moisture from unsaturated atmospheres. Top-down rehydration elevated branch water potentials above those possible from root water uptake, subsidising transpiration rates and reducing branch vulnerability to hydraulic failure in the subsequent photoperiod. Absorption of atmospheric moisture harvested through deliquescence of salt on leaf surfaces enhances water balances of Avicennia marina growing in hypersaline wetlands under arid climatic conditions. Top-down rehydration from these frequent, low intensity wetting events contributes to prevention of carbon starvation and hydraulic failure during drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael E Coopman
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Ecophysiology Laboratory for Forest Conservation, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Hoa T Nguyen
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, 131000, Vietnam
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, CP6109, Brazil
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Catherine E Lovelock
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Marilyn C Ball
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
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16
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Kamtsikakis A, Baales J, Zeisler-Diehl VV, Vanhecke D, Zoppe JO, Schreiber L, Weder C. Asymmetric water transport in dense leaf cuticles and cuticle-inspired compositionally graded membranes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1267. [PMID: 33627645 PMCID: PMC7904774 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the aerial organs of vascular plants are covered by a protective layer known as the cuticle, the main purpose of which is to limit transpirational water loss. Cuticles consist of an amphiphilic polyester matrix, polar polysaccharides that extend from the underlying epidermal cell wall and become less prominent towards the exterior, and hydrophobic waxes that dominate the surface. Here we report that the polarity gradient caused by this architecture renders the transport of water through astomatous olive and ivy leaf cuticles directional and that the permeation is regulated by the hydration level of the cutin-rich outer cuticular layer. We further report artificial nanocomposite membranes that are inspired by the cuticles' compositionally graded architecture and consist of hydrophilic cellulose nanocrystals and a hydrophobic polymer. The structure and composition of these cuticle-inspired membranes can easily be varied and this enables a systematic investigation of the water transport mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Baales
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Department of Ecophysiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Viktoria V Zeisler-Diehl
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Department of Ecophysiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dimitri Vanhecke
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Justin O Zoppe
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Department of Ecophysiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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17
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Azeem M, Guérin A, Dumais T, Caminos L, Goldstein RE, Pesci AI, de Dios Rivera J, Torres MJ, Wiener J, Campos JL, Dumais J. Optimal Design of Multilayer Fog Collectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:7736-7743. [PMID: 31945290 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The growing concerns over desertification have spurred research into technologies aimed at acquiring water from nontraditional sources such as dew, fog, and water vapor. Some of the most promising developments have focused on improving designs to collect water from fog. However, the absence of a shared framework to predict, measure, and compare the water collection efficiencies of new prototypes is becoming a major obstacle to progress in the field. We address this problem by providing a general theory to design efficient fog collectors as well as a concrete experimental protocol to furnish our theory with all the necessary parameters to quantify the effective water collection efficiency. We show in particular that multilayer collectors are required for high fog collection efficiency and that all efficient designs are found within a narrow range of mesh porosity. We support our conclusions with measurements on simple multilayer harp collectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musaddaq Azeem
- Faculty of Textile Engineering, Department of Material Engineering , Technical University of Liberec , Studentská 1402/2 , 461 17 Liberec 1 , Czech Republic
| | - Adrien Guérin
- Faculty of Engineering and Sciences , Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez , Av. Padre Hurtado 750 , Viña del Mar 2562340 , Chile
| | - Thomas Dumais
- Faculty of Engineering and Sciences , Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez , Av. Padre Hurtado 750 , Viña del Mar 2562340 , Chile
| | - Luis Caminos
- Faculty of Engineering and Sciences , Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez , Av. Padre Hurtado 750 , Viña del Mar 2562340 , Chile
| | - Raymond E Goldstein
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics , University of Cambridge , Wilberforce Road , Cambridge CB3 0WA , U.K
| | - Adriana I Pesci
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics , University of Cambridge , Wilberforce Road , Cambridge CB3 0WA , U.K
| | - Juan de Dios Rivera
- Departamento de Ingenierı́a Mecánica y Metalúrgica , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860 , Macul 7820436 , Santiago , Chile
| | - María Josefina Torres
- Escuela de Ingenierı́a Mecánica , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaı́so , Av. Los Carrera , Quilpué 2430000 , Chile
| | - Jakub Wiener
- Faculty of Textile Engineering, Department of Material Engineering , Technical University of Liberec , Studentská 1402/2 , 461 17 Liberec 1 , Czech Republic
| | - José Luis Campos
- Faculty of Engineering and Sciences , Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez , Av. Padre Hurtado 750 , Viña del Mar 2562340 , Chile
| | - Jacques Dumais
- Faculty of Engineering and Sciences , Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez , Av. Padre Hurtado 750 , Viña del Mar 2562340 , Chile
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