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Cui Y, Hackett RG, Ascue J, Muralidaran V, Patil D, Kang J, Kaufman SS, Khan K, Kroemer A. Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Intestinal Transplant Rejection: Through the Lens of Inflammatory Bowel and Intestinal Graft-Versus-Host Diseases. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2024; 53:359-382. [PMID: 39068000 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal transplantation is a life-saving procedure utilized for patients failing total parenteral nutrition. However, intestinal transplantattion remains plagued with low survival rates and high risk of allograft rejection. The authors explore roles of innate (macrophages, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells) and adaptive immune cells (Th1, Th2, Th17, Tregs) in inflammatory responses, particularly inflammatory bowel disease and graft versus host disease, and correlate these findings to intestinal allograft rejection, highlighting which effectors exacerbate or suppress intestinal rejection. Better understanding of this immunology can open further investigation into potential biomolecular targets to develop improved therapeutic treatment options and immunomonitoring techniques to combat allograft rejection and enhance patient lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Cui
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ryan G Hackett
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jhalen Ascue
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vinona Muralidaran
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Digvijay Patil
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jiman Kang
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stuart S Kaufman
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Khalid Khan
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alexander Kroemer
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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Peng Z, Zhang J, Zhang M, Yin L, Zhou Z, Lv C, Wang Z, Tang J. Tryptophan metabolites relieve intestinal Candida albicans infection by altering the gut microbiota to reduce IL-22 release from group 3 innate lymphoid cells of the colon lamina propria. Food Funct 2024; 15:5364-5381. [PMID: 38639049 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00432a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis may be caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans) colonization of the intestinal tract. Preventing intestinal damage caused by Candida albicans infection and protecting intestinal barrier function have become a critical issue. Integrated analyses of the microbiome with metabolome revealed a remarkable shift of the gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolites, kynurenic acid (KynA), and indolacrylic acid (IA) in mice infected with C. albicans. The transcriptome sequencing indicated that differentially expressed genes were significantly associated with innate immune responses and inflammatory responses. The results of this study suggest that KynA and IA (KI) can alleviate intestinal damage caused by Candida albicans infection in mice by reducing intestinal permeability, increasing intestinal firmness, alleviating intestinal inflammation, and reducing the secretion of interleukin-22 (IL-22) in the 3 groups of colon innate lymphoid cells (ILC3). We performed a fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment and found that the intestinal barrier function, inflammation, and IL-22 secretion of ILC3 in the colon lamina propria of the recipient mice subjected to C. albicans infection and KI treatment were consistent with the trends of the donor mice. Our results suggest that tryptophan metabolites may directly regulate colon lamina ILC3 to promote intestinal resistance to C. albicans invasion, or indirectly regulate the ILC3 secretion of IL-22 to play a protective role in the intestinal barrier by affecting intestinal microorganisms, which may become a potential target for alleviating intestine borne C. albicans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Peng
- Department of Trauma-Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Yin
- Department of Trauma-Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyang Zhou
- Department of Trauma-Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiting Lv
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zetian Wang
- Department of Trauma-Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Tang
- Department of Trauma-Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Bao B, Wang Y, Boudreau P, Song X, Wu M, Chen X, Patik I, Tang Y, Ouahed J, Ringel A, Barends J, Wu C, Balskus E, Thiagarajah J, Liu J, Wessels MR, Lencer WI, Kasper DL, An D, Horwitz BH, Snapper SB. Bacterial Sphingolipids Exacerbate Colitis by Inhibiting ILC3-derived IL-22 Production. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:101350. [PMID: 38704148 PMCID: PMC11222953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gut bacterial sphingolipids, primarily produced by Bacteroidetes, have dual roles as bacterial virulence factors and regulators of the host mucosal immune system, including regulatory T cells and invariant natural killer T cells. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease display altered sphingolipids profiles in fecal samples. However, how bacterial sphingolipids modulate mucosal homeostasis and regulate intestinal inflammation remains unclear. METHODS We used dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice monocolonized with Bacteroides fragilis strains expressing or lacking sphingolipids to assess the influence of bacterial sphingolipids on intestinal inflammation using transcriptional, protein, and cellular analyses. Colonic explant and organoid were used to study the function of bacterial sphingolipids. Host mucosal immune cells and cytokines were profiled and characterized using flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot, and cytokine function in vivo was investigated by monoclonal antibody injection. RESULTS B fragilis sphingolipids exacerbated intestinal inflammation. Mice monocolonized with B fragilis lacking sphingolipids exhibited less severe DSS-induced colitis. This amelioration of colitis was associated with increased production of interleukin (IL)-22 by ILC3. Mice colonized with B fragilis lacking sphingolipids following DSS treatment showed enhanced epithelial STAT3 activity, intestinal cell proliferation, and antimicrobial peptide production. Protection against DSS colitis associated with B fragilis lacking sphingolipids was reversed on IL22 blockade. Furthermore, bacterial sphingolipids restricted epithelial IL18 production following DSS treatment and interfered with IL22 production by a subset of ILC3 cells expressing both IL18R and major histocompatibility complex class II. CONCLUSIONS B fragilis-derived sphingolipids exacerbate mucosal inflammation by impeding epithelial IL18 expression and concomitantly suppressing the production of IL22 by ILC3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Bao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Youyuan Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pavl Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Xinyang Song
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xi Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Izabel Patik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ying Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jodie Ouahed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amit Ringel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jared Barends
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emily Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jay Thiagarajah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Michael R Wessels
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wayne Isaac Lencer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dennis L Kasper
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dingding An
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce Harold Horwitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Serafini N, Di Santo JP. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells: A trained Gutkeeper. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:126-137. [PMID: 38491842 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are tissue-resident immune lymphocytes that critically regulate intestinal homeostasis, organogenesis, and immunity. ILC3s possess the capacity to "sense" the inflammatory environment within tissues, especially in the context of pathogen challenges that imprints durable non-antigen-specific changes in ILC3 function. As such, ILC3s become a new actor in the emerging field of trained innate immunity. Here, we summarize recent discoveries regarding ILC3 responses to bacterial challenges and the role these encounters play in triggering trained innate immunity. We further discuss how signaling events throughout ILC3 ontogeny potentially control the development and function of trained ILC3s. Finally, we highlight the open questions surrounding ILC3 "training" the answers to which may reveal new insights into innate immunity. Understanding the fundamental concepts behind trained innate immunity could potentially lead to the development of new strategies for improving immunity-based modulation therapies for inflammation, infectious diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Serafini
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - James P Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
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5
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Gaifem J, Mendes-Frias A, Wolter M, Steimle A, Garzón MJ, Ubeda C, Nobre C, González A, Pinho SS, Cunha C, Carvalho A, Castro AG, Desai MS, Rodrigues F, Silvestre R. Akkermansia muciniphila and Parabacteroides distasonis synergistically protect from colitis by promoting ILC3 in the gut. mBio 2024; 15:e0007824. [PMID: 38470269 PMCID: PMC11210198 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00078-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology of IBD remains elusive, but the disease is suggested to arise from the interaction of environmental and genetic factors that trigger inadequate immune responses and inflammation in the intestine. The gut microbiome majorly contributes to disease as an environmental variable, and although some causative bacteria are identified, little is known about which specific members of the microbiome aid in the intestinal epithelial barrier function to protect from disease. While chemically inducing colitis in mice from two distinct animal facilities, we serendipitously found that mice in one facility showed remarkable resistance to disease development, which was associated with increased markers of epithelial barrier integrity. Importantly, we show that Akkermansia muciniphila and Parabacteroides distasonis were significantly increased in the microbiota of resistant mice. To causally connect these microbes to protection against disease, we colonized susceptible mice with the two bacterial species. Our results demonstrate that A. muciniphila and P. distasonis synergistically drive a protective effect in both acute and chronic models of colitis by boosting the frequency of type 3 innate lymphoid cells in the colon and by improving gut epithelial integrity. Altogether, our work reveals a combined effort of commensal microbes in offering protection against severe intestinal inflammation by shaping gut immunity and by enhancing intestinal epithelial barrier stability. Our study highlights the beneficial role of gut bacteria in dictating intestinal homeostasis, which is an important step toward employing microbiome-driven therapeutic approaches for IBD clinical management. IMPORTANCE The contribution of the gut microbiome to the balance between homeostasis and inflammation is widely known. Nevertheless, the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease, which is known to be influenced by genetics, immune response, and environmental cues, remains unclear. Unlocking novel players involved in the dictation of a protective gut, namely, in the microbiota component, is therefore crucial to develop novel strategies to tackle IBD. Herein, we revealed a synergistic interaction between two commensal bacterial strains, Akkermansia muciniphila and Parabacteroides distasonis, which induce protection against both acute and chronic models of colitis induction, by enhancing epithelial barrier integrity and promoting group 3 innate lymphoid cells in the colonic mucosa. This study provides a novel insight on how commensal bacteria can beneficially act to promote intestinal homeostasis, which may open new avenues toward the use of microbiome-derived strategies to tackle IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gaifem
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Mendes-Frias
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mathis Wolter
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alex Steimle
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Maria Jose Garzón
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Centers of Biomedical Research Network (CIBER) in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Ubeda
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Centers of Biomedical Research Network (CIBER) in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clarisse Nobre
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS – Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Abigail González
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Salomé S. Pinho
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António Gil Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mahesh S. Desai
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fernando Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Calabrò A, Drommi F, De Pasquale C, Navarra G, Carrega P, Bonaccorsi I, Ferlazzo G, Campana S. Microbiota and plasticity of antigen-presenting ILC3s: impact on antitumor immune response. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2390135. [PMID: 39161185 PMCID: PMC11340763 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2390135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence highlights the pivotal role of RORγt-innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the establishment of antitumor immune response and in enhancing tumor sensitivity to immunotherapy. Noteworthy, type 3 ILCs (ILC3s) have been recently acknowledged as an important class of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the context of host-microorganism interactions shaping the adaptive immune response in the intestinal mucosa. Although a broad range of mouse models has led to significant progress in untangling the role of ILC3s as APCs, the outcome of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-dependent ILC-T cell crosstalk in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains underexplored in human. Moreover, expression of MHCII is confined to ILC3 subset, endowed with lymphoid tissue-inducing properties, that adopts tissue-specific fates and functions. Intestinal microbiota could dictate the plasticity of antigen-presenting ILC3s and we here summarize our current understanding of the functions of these cells in both mouse and human CRC discussing the role of microbiota as a key modulator of their tumor-suppressive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Calabrò
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology “G.Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabiana Drommi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology “G.Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia De Pasquale
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology “G.Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Navarra
- Oncologic Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Evolutive Age, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Carrega
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology “G.Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Bonaccorsi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology “G.Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Clinical Pathology Unit, University Hospital Policlinico “G. Martino”, Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- Unit of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania Campana
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology “G.Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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7
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Abramson J, Dobeš J, Lyu M, Sonnenberg GF. The emerging family of RORγt + antigen-presenting cells. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:64-77. [PMID: 37479834 PMCID: PMC10844842 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are master regulators of the immune response by directly interacting with T cells to orchestrate distinct functional outcomes. Several types of professional APC exist, including conventional dendritic cells, B cells and macrophages, and numerous other cell types have non-classical roles in antigen presentation, such as thymic epithelial cells, endothelial cells and granulocytes. Accumulating evidence indicates the presence of a new family of APCs marked by the lineage-specifying transcription factor retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-γt (RORγt) and demonstrates that these APCs have key roles in shaping immunity, inflammation and tolerance, particularly in the context of host-microorganism interactions. These RORγt+ APCs include subsets of group 3 innate lymphoid cells, extrathymic autoimmune regulator-expressing cells and, potentially, other emerging populations. Here, we summarize the major findings that led to the discovery of these RORγt+ APCs and their associated functions. We discuss discordance in recent reports and identify gaps in our knowledge in this burgeoning field, which has tremendous potential to advance our understanding of fundamental immune concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Jan Dobeš
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mengze Lyu
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory F Sonnenberg
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Mori A, Ohno H, Satoh-Takayama N. Disease pathogenesis and barrier functions regulated by group 3 innate lymphoid cells. Semin Immunopathol 2024; 45:509-519. [PMID: 38305897 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-024-01000-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The mucosal surface is in constant contact with foreign antigens and is regulated by unique mechanisms that are different from immune responses in the peripheral organs. For the last several decades, only adaptive immune cells such as helper T (Th) cells, Th1, Th2, or Th17 were targeted to study a wide variety of immune responses in the mucosal tissues. However, since their discovery, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been attracting attention as a unique subset of immune cells that provide border defense with various functions and tissue specificity. ILCs are classified into different groups based on cell differentiation and functions. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are particularly in close proximity to mucosal surfaces and therefore have the opportunity to be exposed to a variety of bacteria including pathogenic bacteria. In recent years, studies have also provided much evidence that ILC3s contribute to disease pathogenesis as well as the defense of mucosal surfaces by rapidly responding to pathogens and coordinating other immune cells. As the counterpart of helper T cells, ILC3s together with other ILC subsets establish the immune balance between adaptive and innate immunity in protecting us from invasion or encounter with non-self-antigens for maintaining a complex homeostasis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of ILCs, with a particular focus on the function of ILC3s in their involvement in bacterial infection and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Mori
- Immunobiology Laboratory, School of Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Naoko Satoh-Takayama
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
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9
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Maseda D, Manfredo-Vieira S, Payne AS. T cell and bacterial microbiota interaction at intestinal and skin epithelial interfaces. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 2:kyad024. [PMID: 38567051 PMCID: PMC10917213 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Maseda
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Silvio Manfredo-Vieira
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aimee S Payne
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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Koprivica I, Stanisavljević S, Mićanović D, Jevtić B, Stojanović I, Miljković Đ. ILC3: a case of conflicted identity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1271699. [PMID: 37915588 PMCID: PMC10616800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1271699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells type 3 (ILC3s) are the first line sentinels at the mucous tissues, where they contribute to the homeostatic immune response in a major way. Also, they have been increasingly appreciated as important modulators of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune responses, both locally and systemically. The proper identification of ILC3 is of utmost importance for meaningful studies on their role in immunity. Flow cytometry is the method of choice for the detection and characterization of ILC3. However, the analysis of ILC3-related papers shows inconsistency in ILC3 phenotypic definition, as different inclusion and exclusion markers are used for their identification. Here, we present these discrepancies in the phenotypic characterization of human and mouse ILC3s. We discuss the pros and cons of using various markers for ILC3 identification. Furthermore, we consider the possibilities for the efficient isolation and propagation of ILC3 from different organs and tissues for in-vitro and in-vivo studies. This paper calls upon uniformity in ILC3 definition, isolation, and propagation for the increased possibility of confluent interpretation of ILC3's role in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Đorđe Miljković
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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11
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Liang B, Xing D. Unveiling the mystery of ILC3s: Their functions and interactions in mucosal immunity. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110772. [PMID: 37552906 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently discovered subset of immune cells that play a crucial role in preserving tissue health and combating infections. Among these, ILC3s are particularly vital in regulating mucosal immunity across multiple organs such as the gut, lungs, and skin. The purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive and detailed overview of current knowledge on ILC3s, with a specific emphasis on their intricate interactions with various components of the intestinal microenvironment. Recent research on the complex, bidirectional communication pathways between ILC3s and intestinal epithelial cells, stromal cells, immune cells, microbiota, their metabolites, and diet are highlighted. Furthermore, this review comprehensively examines the diverse functions of ILC3s, which include lymphoid tissue development, tissue repair, infection, inflammation, and metabolic diseases, as well as the effector molecules that facilitate these functions. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the biological and functional aspects of ILC3s and underscores their potential for developing innovative therapies for immune-mediated disorders, while also acknowledging the remaining knowledge gaps and challenges that need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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12
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Liu C, Xia Y, Fu S, Meng F, Feng B, Xu L, Li L, Zuo X. Inhibition of Piezo1 Ameliorates Intestinal Inflammation and Limits the Activation of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Experimental Colitis. J Innate Immun 2023; 15:709-723. [PMID: 37725937 PMCID: PMC10601687 DOI: 10.1159/000533525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Piezo1, the mechanosensory ion channel, has attracted increasing attention for its essential roles in various inflammatory responses and immune-related diseases. Although most of the key immune cells in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been reported to be regulated by Piezo1, the specific role of Piezo1 in colitis has yet to be intensively studied. The present study investigated the impact of pharmacological inhibition of Piezo1 on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and explored the role of Piezo1 in intestinal immune cells in the context of colitis. We observed upregulated expression of Piezo1 in the colon tissue of mice with DSS-induced colitis. Pharmacological inhibition of Piezo1 by GsMTx4 diminished the severity of colitis. Piezo1 inhibition downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators Il1b, Il6, and Ptgs2 in colonic tissue and suppressed the production of IL-6 from macrophages and dendritic cells without altering the balance of T helper (Th) cells. In particular, Piezo1 did not affect cell viability but regulated cell proliferation and production of IL-17A in group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), which is dependent on the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. Our findings uncover Piezo1 as an effective regulator of gut inflammation. Targeting Piezo1 could be a promising strategy to modulate intestinal immunity in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,
| | - Yanan Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shichen Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fanyi Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bingcheng Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Leiqi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lixiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuli Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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13
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Park JS, Gazzaniga FS, Kasper DL, Sharpe AH. Microbiota-dependent regulation of costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways via innate immune sensors and implications for immunotherapy. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1913-1921. [PMID: 37696895 PMCID: PMC10545783 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Our bodies are inhabited by trillions of microorganisms. The host immune system constantly interacts with the microbiota in barrier organs, including the intestines. Over decades, numerous studies have shown that our mucosal immune system is dynamically shaped by a variety of microbiota-derived signals. Elucidating the mediators of these interactions is an important step for understanding how the microbiota is linked to mucosal immune homeostasis and gut-associated diseases. Interestingly, the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies that manipulate costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways has been correlated with the gut microbiota. Moreover, adverse effects of these therapies in the gut are linked to dysregulation of the intestinal immune system. These findings suggest that costimulatory pathways in the immune system might serve as a bridge between the host immune system and the gut microbiota. Here, we review mechanisms by which commensal microorganisms signal immune cells and their potential impact on costimulation. We highlight how costimulatory pathways modulate the mucosal immune system through not only classical antigen-presenting cells but also innate lymphocytes, which are highly enriched in barrier organs. Finally, we discuss the adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the gut and the possible relationship with the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Seok Park
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Francesca S Gazzaniga
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dennis L Kasper
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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14
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Wang R, Cui W, Yang H. The interplay between innate lymphoid cells and microbiota. mBio 2023; 14:e0039923. [PMID: 37318214 PMCID: PMC10470585 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00399-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are mainly resident in mucosal tissues such as gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract, so they are closely linked to the microbiota. ILCs can protect commensals to maintain homeostasis and increase resistance to pathogens. Moreover, ILCs also play an early role in defense against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms including pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, before the intervention of adaptive immune system. Due to the lack of adaptive antigen receptors expressed on T cells and B cells, ILCs need to use other means to sense the signals of microbiota and play a role in corresponding regulation. In this review, we focus on and summarize three major mechanisms used in the interaction between ILCs and microbiota: the mediation of accessory cells represented by dendritic cells; the metabolic pathways of microbiota or diet; the participation of adaptive immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Cui
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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15
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Wen J, Cheng S, Wang R, Huang Y, Xu L, Ma L, Ling Z, Xu J, Zhao D, Zhang Y, Sun B. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells boost CD8 + T-cell activation in anti-tumor immune responses. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2243112. [PMID: 37577145 PMCID: PMC10413917 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2243112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are essential for orchestrating type 2 immune responses during allergic airway inflammation and infection. ILC2s have been reported to play a regulatory role in tumors; however, this conclusion is controversial. In this study, we showed that IL-33-activated ILC2s could boost CD8+ T-cell function through direct antigen cross-presentation. After activation by IL-33, ILC2s showed an enhanced potential to process antigens and prime CD8+ T cell activation. Activated ILC2s could phagocytose exogenous antigens in vivo and in vitro, promoting antigen-specific CD8+ T cell function to enhance antitumor immune responses. Administration of OVA-loaded ILC2s induces robust antitumor effects on the OVA-expressing tumor model. These findings suggested that the administration of tumor antigen-loaded ILC2s might serve as a potential strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shipeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Wang
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyang Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfu Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deping Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Med-X institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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16
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Drommi F, Calabrò A, Vento G, Pezzino G, Cavaliere R, Omero F, Muscolino P, Granata B, D'Anna F, Silvestris N, De Pasquale C, Ferlazzo G, Campana S. Crosstalk between ILC3s and Microbiota: Implications for Colon Cancer Development and Treatment with Immune Check Point Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112893. [PMID: 37296855 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are primarily tissue-resident cells strategically localized at the intestinal barrier that exhibit the fast-acting responsiveness of classic innate immune cells. Populations of these lymphocytes depend on the transcription factor RAR-related orphan receptor and play a key role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, keeping host-microbial mutualism in check. Current evidence has indicated a bidirectional relationship between microbiota and ILC3s. While ILC3 function and maintenance in the gut are influenced by commensal microbiota, ILC3s themselves can control immune responses to intestinal microbiota by providing host defense against extracellular bacteria, helping to maintain a diverse microbiota and inducing immune tolerance for commensal bacteria. Thus, ILC3s have been linked to host-microbiota interactions and the loss of their normal activity promotes dysbiosis, chronic inflammation and colon cancer. Furthermore, recent evidence has suggested that a healthy dialog between ILC3s and gut microbes is necessary to support antitumor immunity and response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. In this review, we summarize the functional interactions occurring between microbiota and ILC3s in homeostasis, providing an overview of the molecular mechanisms orchestrating these interactions. We focus on how alterations in this interplay promote gut inflammation, colorectal cancer and resistance to therapies with immune check point inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Drommi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department Human Pathology "G.Barresi", University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Calabrò
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department Human Pathology "G.Barresi", University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Grazia Vento
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Gaetana Pezzino
- Unit of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cavaliere
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department Human Pathology "G.Barresi", University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Fausto Omero
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G.Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Muscolino
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G.Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Barbara Granata
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G.Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica D'Anna
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G.Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G.Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia De Pasquale
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department Human Pathology "G.Barresi", University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Unit of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania Campana
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department Human Pathology "G.Barresi", University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
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17
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Kokkinou E, Soini T, Pandey RV, van Acker A, Theorell J, Czarnewski P, Kvedaraite E, Vandamme N, Lourda M, Sorini C, Weigel W, Carrasco A, Tibbitt CA, Schlums H, Lindforss U, Nordenvall C, Ljunggren M, Ideström M, Svensson M, Henter JI, Villablanca EJ, Bryceson YT, Rolandsdotter H, Mjösberg J. The single-cell transcriptional landscape of innate and adaptive lymphocytes in pediatric-onset colitis. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101038. [PMID: 37160121 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are considered innate counterparts of adaptive T cells; however, their common and unique transcriptional signatures in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (pIBD) are largely unknown. Here, we report a dysregulated colonic ILC composition in pIBD colitis that correlates with inflammatory activity, including accumulation of naive-like CD45RA+CD62L- ILCs. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) reveals modules of genes that are shared or unique across innate and adaptive lymphocytes. Shared modules include genes associated with activation/tissue residency, naivety/quiescence, and antigen presentation. Lastly, nearest-neighbor-based analysis facilitates the identification of "most inflamed" and "least inflamed" lymphocytes in pIBD colon with unique transcriptional signatures. Our study reveals shared and unique transcriptional signatures of colonic ILCs and T cells in pIBD. We also provide insight into the transcriptional regulation of colonic inflammation, deepening our understanding of the potential mechanisms involved in pIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Kokkinou
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tea Soini
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ram Vinay Pandey
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aline van Acker
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob Theorell
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Psychiatry Southwest, Health Care Services Stockholm County, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Paulo Czarnewski
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Egle Kvedaraite
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Vandamme
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Magda Lourda
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chiara Sorini
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Whitney Weigel
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Carrasco
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Andrew Tibbitt
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heinrich Schlums
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrik Lindforss
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Nordenvall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Ljunggren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Ideström
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Svensson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Inge Henter
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme of Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yenan T Bryceson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Rolandsdotter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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18
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Zhang Y, Feng X, Chen J, Liu J, Wu J, Tan H, Mi Z, Rong P. Controversial role of ILC3s in intestinal diseases: A novelty perspective on immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1134636. [PMID: 37063879 PMCID: PMC10090672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1134636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
ILC3s have been identified as crucial immune regulators that play a role in maintaining host homeostasis and modulating the antitumor response. Emerging evidence supports the idea that LTi cells play an important role in initiating lymphoid tissue development, while other ILC3s can promote host defense and orchestrate adaptive immunity, mainly through the secretion of specific cytokines and crosstalk with other immune cells or tissues. Additionally, dysregulation of ILC3-mediated overexpression of cytokines, changes in subset abundance, and conversion toward other ILC subsets are closely linked with the occurrence of tumors and inflammatory diseases. Regulation of ILC3 cytokines, ILC conversion and LTi-induced TLSs may be a novel strategy for treating tumors and intestinal or extraintestinal inflammatory diseases. Herein, we discuss the development of ILCs, the biology of ILC3s, ILC plasticity, the correlation of ILC3s and adaptive immunity, crosstalk with the intestinal microenvironment, controversial roles of ILC3s in intestinal diseases and potential applications for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuefei Feng
- Department of Government & Public Administration, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongpei Tan
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ze Mi
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Ze Mi, ; Pengfei Rong,
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Ze Mi, ; Pengfei Rong,
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19
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Korchagina AA, Koroleva E, Tumanov AV. Innate Lymphoid Cell Plasticity in Mucosal Infections. Microorganisms 2023; 11:461. [PMID: 36838426 PMCID: PMC9967737 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal tissue homeostasis is a dynamic process that involves multiple mechanisms including regulation of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs are mostly tissue-resident cells which are critical for tissue homeostasis and immune response against pathogens. ILCs can sense environmental changes and rapidly respond by producing effector cytokines to limit pathogen spread and initiate tissue recovery. However, dysregulation of ILCs can also lead to immunopathology. Accumulating evidence suggests that ILCs are dynamic population that can change their phenotype and functions under rapidly changing tissue microenvironment. However, the significance of ILC plasticity in response to pathogens remains poorly understood. Therefore, in this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanisms regulating ILC plasticity in response to intestinal, respiratory and genital tract pathogens. Key transcription factors and lineage-guiding cytokines regulate this plasticity. Additionally, we discuss the emerging data on the role of tissue microenvironment, gut microbiota, and hypoxia in ILC plasticity in response to mucosal pathogens. The identification of new pathways and molecular mechanisms that control functions and plasticity of ILCs could uncover more specific and effective therapeutic targets for infectious and autoimmune diseases where ILCs become dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexei V. Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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20
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Akuzum B, Lee JY. Context-Dependent Regulation of Type17 Immunity by Microbiota at the Intestinal Barrier. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e46. [PMID: 36627936 PMCID: PMC9807962 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T-helper-17 (Th17) cells and related IL-17-producing (type17) lymphocytes are abundant at the epithelial barrier. In response to bacterial and fungal infection, the signature cytokines IL-17A/F and IL-22 mediate the antimicrobial immune response and contribute to wound healing of injured tissues. Despite their protective function, type17 lymphocytes are also responsible for various chronic inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis associated cancer (CAC). A deeper understanding of type17 regulatory mechanisms could ultimately lead to the discovery of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders and the prevention of cancer. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the development and function of type17 immune cells at the intestinal barrier, focusing on the impact of microbiota-immune interactions on intestinal barrier homeostasis and disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Akuzum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - June-Yong Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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21
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Xiong L, Nutt SL, Seillet C. Innate lymphoid cells: More than just immune cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033904. [PMID: 36389661 PMCID: PMC9643152 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been described as the innate counterpart of the T cells. Indeed, ILCs and T cells share many features including their common progenitors, transcriptional regulation, and effector cytokine secretion. Several studies have shown complementary and redundant roles for ILCs and T cells, leaving open questions regarding why these cells would have been evolutionarily conserved. It has become apparent in the last decade that ILCs, and rare immune cells more generally, that reside in non-lymphoid tissue have non-canonical functions for immune cells that contribute to tissue homeostasis and function. Viewed through this lens, ILCs would not be just the innate counterpart of T cells, but instead act as a link between sensory cells that monitor any changes in the environment that are not necessarily pathogenic and instruct effector cells that act to maintain body homeostasis. As these non-canonical functions of immune cells are operating in absence of pathogenic signals, it opens great avenues of research for immunologists that they now need to identify the physiological cues that regulate these cells and how the process confers a finer level of control and a greater flexibility that enables the organism to adapt to changing environmental conditions. In the review, we highlight how ILCs participate in the physiologic function of the tissue in which they reside and how physiological cues, in particular neural inputs control their homeostatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xiong
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen L. Nutt
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cyril Seillet
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Cyril Seillet,
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22
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Wu X, Khatun A, Kasmani MY, Chen Y, Zheng S, Atkinson S, Nguyen C, Burns R, Taparowsky EJ, Salzman NH, Hand TW, Cui W. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells require BATF to regulate gut homeostasis in mice. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213435. [PMID: 36048018 PMCID: PMC9440727 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are crucial for the maintenance of host-microbiota homeostasis in gastrointestinal mucosal tissues. The mechanisms that maintain lineage identity of intestinal ILC3s and ILC3-mediated orchestration of microbiota and mucosal T cell immunity are elusive. Here, we identified BATF as a gatekeeper of ILC3 homeostasis in the gut. Depletion of BATF in ILC3s resulted in excessive interferon-γ production, dysbiosis, aberrant T cell immune responses, and spontaneous inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which was considerably ameliorated by the removal of adaptive immunity, interferon-γ blockade, or antibiotic treatment. Mechanistically, BATF directly binds to the cis-regulatory elements of type 1 effector genes, restrains their chromatin accessibility, and inhibits their expression. Conversely, BATF promotes chromatin accessibility of genes involved in MHCII antigen processing and presentation pathways, which in turn directly promotes the transition of precursor ILC3s to MHCII+ ILC3s. Collectively, our findings reveal that BATF is a key transcription factor for maintaining ILC3 stability and coordinating ILC3-mediated control of intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Wu
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,Xiaopeng Wu:
| | - Achia Khatun
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Moujtaba Y. Kasmani
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Yao Chen
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Shikan Zheng
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Samantha Atkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Christine Nguyen
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Robert Burns
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Elizabeth J. Taparowsky
- Department of Biological Sciences and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Nita H. Salzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Timothy W. Hand
- R.K. Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Pediatrics Department, Infectious Disease Section, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,Correspondence to Weiguo Cui:
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23
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Einenkel R, Ehrhardt J, Zygmunt M, Muzzio DO. Oxygen regulates ILC3 antigen presentation potential and pregnancy-related hormone actions. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:109. [PMID: 35906658 PMCID: PMC9336067 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early pregnancy is marked by placentation and embryogenesis, which take place under physiological low oxygen concentrations. This oxygen condition is crucial for many aspects of placentation, trophoblast function, vascularization and immune function. Recently, a new family of innate lymphoid cells has been found to be expressed at the fetomaternal interface. Among these, type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) are important antigen presenting cells in the context of MHC-II. The expression of MHC-II on ILC3s during pregnancy is reduced. We tested the hypothesis that low oxygen concentrations reduce the potential of ILC3s to present antigens promoting fetal tolerance.Using an in vitro approach, NCR+ ILC3s generated from cord blood stem cell precursors were incubated under different O2 concentrations in the presence or absence of the pregnancy-related hormones hCG and TGF-β1. The expression of MHC-II, accessory molecules and an activation marker were assessed by flow cytometry. We observed that 1% O2 reduced the expression of the MHC-II molecule HLA-DR as compared to 21% O2 and modulated the relative effects of hCG and TGF-β1.Our data indicate that low oxygen concentrations reduce the antigen presentation potential of NCR+ ILC3s and suggest that it may promote fetal tolerance during the first trimester of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Einenkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Present address: Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Ehrhardt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marek Zygmunt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Damián Oscar Muzzio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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24
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Crosstalk between macrophages and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108937. [PMID: 35779490 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and macrophages are tissue-resident cells that play important roles in tissue-immune homeostasis and immune regulation. ILCs are mainly distributed on the barrier surfaces of mammals to ensure immunity or tissue homeostasis following host, microbial, or environmental stimulation. Their complex relationships with different organs enable them to respond quickly to disturbances in environmental conditions and organ homeostasis, such as during infections and tissue damage. Gradually emerging evidence suggests that ILCs also play complex and diverse roles in macrophage development, homeostasis, polarization, inflammation, and viral infection. In turn, macrophages also determine the fate of ILCs to some extent, which indicates that network crossover between these interactions is a key determinant of the immune response. More work is needed to better define the crosstalk of ILCs with macrophages in different tissues and demonstrate how it is affected during inflammation and other diseases. Here, we summarize current research on the functional interactions between ILCs and macrophages and consider the potential therapeutic utility of these interactions for the benefit of human health.
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25
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Schroeder JH, Howard JK, Lord GM. Transcription factor-driven regulation of ILC1 and ILC3. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:564-579. [PMID: 35618586 PMCID: PMC10166716 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have functional relevance under both homeostatic and disease settings, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly in the context of maintaining the integrity of mucosal surfaces. Early reports highlighted group 1 and 3 ILC regulatory transcription factors (TFs), T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet; Tbx21) and RAR-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt; Rorc), as key regulators of ILC biology. Since then, other canonical TFs have been shown to have a role in the development and function of ILC subsets. In this review, we focus on recent insights into the balance between mature ILC1 and ILC3 based on these TFs and how they interact with other key cell-intrinsic molecular pathways. We outline how this TF interplay might be explored to identify novel candidate therapeutic avenues for human diseases.
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26
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Intestinal fibroblastic reticular cell niches control innate lymphoid cell homeostasis and function. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2027. [PMID: 35440118 PMCID: PMC9018819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) govern immune cell homeostasis in the intestine and protect the host against microbial pathogens. Various cell-intrinsic pathways have been identified that determine ILC development and differentiation. However, the cellular components that regulate ILC sustenance and function in the intestinal lamina propria are less known. Using single-cell transcriptomic analysis of lamina propria fibroblasts, we identify fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) that underpin cryptopatches (CPs) and isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs). Genetic ablation of lymphotoxin-β receptor expression in Ccl19-expressing FRCs blocks the maturation of CPs into mature ILFs. Interactome analysis shows the major niche factors and processes underlying FRC-ILC crosstalk. In vivo validation confirms that a sustained lymphotoxin-driven feedforward loop of FRC activation including IL-7 generation is critical for the maintenance of functional ILC populations. In sum, our study indicates critical fibroblastic niches within the intestinal lamina propria that control ILC homeostasis and functionality and thereby secure protective gut immunity. Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) support localisation of immune cells in secondary lymphoid tissues but less is known about the lamina propria. Here the authors use scRNA-seq and intestinal infection to characterise FRCs in the intestinal lamina propria and show specialised niches that foster innate lymphoid cells during homeostasis and infection.
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27
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Murphy JM, Ngai L, Mortha A, Crome SQ. Tissue-Dependent Adaptations and Functions of Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836999. [PMID: 35359972 PMCID: PMC8960279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident immune cells reside in distinct niches across organs, where they contribute to tissue homeostasis and rapidly respond to perturbations in the local microenvironment. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a family of innate immune cells that regulate immune and tissue homeostasis. Across anatomical locations throughout the body, ILCs adopt tissue-specific fates, differing from circulating ILC populations. Adaptations of ILCs to microenvironmental changes have been documented in several inflammatory contexts, including obesity, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease. While our understanding of ILC functions within tissues have predominantly been based on mouse studies, development of advanced single cell platforms to study tissue-resident ILCs in humans and emerging patient-based data is providing new insights into this lymphocyte family. Within this review, we discuss current concepts of ILC fate and function, exploring tissue-specific functions of ILCs and their contribution to health and disease across organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Murphy
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Louis Ngai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Q Crome
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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28
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Das A, Harly C, Ding Y, Bhandoola A. ILC Differentiation from Progenitors in the Bone Marrow. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1365:7-24. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8387-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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29
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Chen H, Sun L, Feng L, Yin Y, Zhang W. Role of Innate lymphoid Cells in Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:855197. [PMID: 35574038 PMCID: PMC9091334 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.855197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a growing chronic metabolic disease, greatly increases the risk of metabolic syndrome which includes type 2 diabetes, fatty liver and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity-associated metabolic diseases significantly contribute to mortality and reduce life expectancy. Recently, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as crucial regulators of metabolic homeostasis and tissue inflammation. This review focuses on the roles of ILCs in different metabolic tissues, including adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, and intestine. We briefly outline the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. We then discuss how ILCs in distinct metabolic organs may function to maintain metabolic homeostasis and contribute to obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. The potential of ILCs as the therapeutic target for obesity and insulin resistance is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Weizhen Zhang, ; Yue Yin,
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Weizhen Zhang, ; Yue Yin,
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30
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Coordination of Mucosal Immunity by Innate Lymphoid Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1365:113-134. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8387-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Bennstein SB, Weinhold S, Degistirici Ö, Oostendorp RAJ, Raba K, Kögler G, Meisel R, Walter L, Uhrberg M. Efficient In Vitro Generation of IL-22-Secreting ILC3 From CD34 + Hematopoietic Progenitors in a Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Niche. Front Immunol 2021; 12:797432. [PMID: 35003122 PMCID: PMC8739490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.797432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and in particular ILC3s have been described to be vital for mucosal barrier functions and homeostasis within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Importantly, IL-22-secreting ILC3 have been implicated in the control of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and were shown to reduce the incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) as well as the risk of transplant rejection. Unfortunately, IL-22-secreting ILC3 are primarily located in mucosal tissues and are not found within the circulation, making access to them in humans challenging. On this account, there is a growing desire for clinically applicable protocols for in vitro generation of effector ILC3. Here, we present an approach for faithful generation of functionally competent human ILC3s from cord blood-derived CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors on layers of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) generated in good manufacturing practice (GMP) quality. The in vitro-generated ILC3s phenotypically, functionally, and transcriptionally resemble bona fide tissue ILC3 with high expression of the transcription factors (TF) RorγT, AHR, and ID2, as well as the surface receptors CD117, CD56, and NKp44. Importantly, the majority of ILC3 belonged to the desired effector subtype with high IL-22 and low IL-17 production. The protocol thus combines the advantages of avoiding xenogeneic components, which were necessary in previous protocols, with a high propensity for generation of IL-22-producing ILC3. The present approach is suitable for the generation of large amounts of ILC3 in an all-human system, which could facilitate development of clinical strategies for ILC3-based therapy in inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina B. Bennstein
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Weinhold
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Özer Degistirici
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Clinic for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Children and Adolescence Health, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert A. J. Oostendorp
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Internal Medicine III – Hematology and Oncology, Laboratory of Stem Cell Physiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Raba
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gesine Kögler
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland Meisel
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Clinic for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Children and Adolescence Health, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Uhrberg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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32
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Stehle C, Rückert T, Fiancette R, Gajdasik DW, Willis C, Ulbricht C, Durek P, Mashreghi MF, Finke D, Hauser AE, Withers DR, Chang HD, Zimmermann J, Romagnani C. T-bet and RORα control lymph node formation by regulating embryonic innate lymphoid cell differentiation. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1231-1244. [PMID: 34556887 PMCID: PMC7614953 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The generation of lymphoid tissues during embryogenesis relies on group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) displaying lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) activity and expressing the master transcription factor RORγt. Accordingly, RORγt-deficient mice lack ILC3 and lymphoid structures, including lymph nodes (LN). Whereas T-bet affects differentiation and functions of ILC3 postnatally, the role of T-bet in regulating fetal ILC3 and LN formation remains completely unknown. Using multiple mouse models and single-cell analyses of fetal ILCs and ILC progenitors (ILCP), here we identify a key role for T-bet during embryogenesis and show that its deficiency rescues LN formation in RORγt-deficient mice. Mechanistically, T-bet deletion skews the differentiation fate of fetal ILCs and promotes the accumulation of PLZFhi ILCP expressing central LTi molecules in a RORα-dependent fashion. Our data unveil an unexpected role for T-bet and RORα during embryonic ILC function and highlight that RORγt is crucial in counteracting the suppressive effects of T-bet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Stehle
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Centre-a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Rückert
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Centre-a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rémi Fiancette
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dominika W Gajdasik
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claire Willis
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carolin Ulbricht
- Immune Dynamics, German Rheumatism Research Centre-a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- Cell Biology, German Rheumatism Research Centre-a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, German Rheumatism Research Centre-a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Finke
- Department of Biomedicine and University Children's Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anja Erika Hauser
- Immune Dynamics, German Rheumatism Research Centre-a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - David R Withers
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- Schwiete Laboratory for Microbiota and Inflammation, German Rheumatism Research Centre-a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cytometry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Zimmermann
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Centre-a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany.
- Leibniz-Science Campus Chronic Inflammation, Berlin, Germany.
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33
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Wang Z, Wang J. Innate lymphoid cells and gastrointestinal disease. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:763-770. [PMID: 34419616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a group of innate immune cells, which constitute the first line of defense in the immune system, together with skin and mucous membrane. ILCs also play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the body, particularly in the complex and diverse environment of the intestine. ILCs respond to different microenvironments, maintaining homeostasis directly or indirectly through cytokines. As a result, ILCs, with complex and pleiotropic characteristics, are associated with many gastrointestinal diseases. Their ability of transition among those subgroups makes them function as both promoting and inhibiting cells, thus affecting homeostasis and disease progressing to either alleviation or deterioration. With these special characteristics, ILCs theoretically can be used in the new generation of immunotherapy as an alternative and supplement to current tumor therapy. Our review summarizes the characteristics of ILCs with respect to category, function, and the relationship with intestinal homeostasis and gastrointestinal diseases. In addition, potential tumor immunotherapies involving ILCs are also discussed to shed light on the perspectives of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Mirpuri J. The emerging role of group 3 innate lymphoid cells in the neonate: interaction with the maternal and neonatal microbiome. OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:iqab009. [PMID: 34151271 PMCID: PMC8208228 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical for host defense and are notably important in the context of the newborn when adaptive immunity is immature. There is an increasing evidence that development and function of group 3 ILCs (ILC3) can be modulated by the maternal and neonatal microbiome and is involved in neonatal disease pathogenesis. In this review, we explore the evidence that supports a critical role for ILC3 in resistance to infection and disease pathogenesis in the newborn, with a focus on microbial factors that modulate ILC3 function. We then briefly explore opportunities for research that are focused on the fetus and newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mirpuri
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Suite F3.302, Dallas, TX 75390-9063, USA
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35
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Helfrich S, Hamann AA, Less C, Duerr CU. To the lymph node and beyond: migratory ILC3s regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:442-445. [PMID: 33960510 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Helfrich
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia A Hamann
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Less
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia U Duerr
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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36
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Ketogenic diet alleviates colitis by reduction of colonic group 3 innate lymphoid cells through altering gut microbiome. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:154. [PMID: 33888680 PMCID: PMC8062677 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that ketogenic diets (KDs) mediate the rise of circulating ketone bodies and exert a potential anti-inflammatory effect; however, the consequences of this unique diet on colitis remain unknown. We performed a series of systematic studies using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) animal model of inflammatory colitis. Animals were fed with a KD, low-carbohydrate diet (LCD), or normal diet (ND). Germ-free mice were utilized in validation experiments. Colon tissues were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing, RT2 profiler PCR array, histopathology, and immunofluorescence. Serum samples were analyzed by metabolic assay kit. Fecal samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. We observed that KD alleviated colitis by altering the gut microbiota and metabolites in a manner distinct from LCD. Quantitative diet experiments confirmed the unique impact of KD relative to LCD with a reproducible increase in Akkermansia, whereas the opposite was observed for Escherichia/Shigella. After colitis induction, the KD protected intestinal barrier function, and reduced the production of RORγt+CD3− group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) and related inflammatory cytokines (IL-17α, IL-18, IL-22, Ccl4). Finally, fecal microbiota transplantation into germ-free mice revealed that the KD- mediated colitis inhibition and ILC3 regulation were dependent on the modification of gut microbiota. Taken together, our study presents a global view of microbiome-metabolomics changes that occur during KD colitis treatment, and identifies the regulation of gut microbiome and ILC3s as novel targets involving in IBD dietary therapy.
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Kumar V. Innate Lymphoid Cells and Adaptive Immune Cells Cross-Talk: A Secret Talk Revealed in Immune Homeostasis and Different Inflammatory Conditions. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 40:217-251. [PMID: 33733998 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1895145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory immune response has evolved to protect the host from different pathogens, allergens, and endogenous death or damage-associated molecular patterns. Both innate and adaptive immune components are crucial in inducing an inflammatory immune response depending on the stimulus type and its duration of exposure or the activation of the primary innate immune response. As the source of inflammation is removed, the aggravated immune response comes to its homeostatic level. However, the failure of the inflammatory immune response to subside to its normal level generates chronic inflammatory conditions, including autoimmune diseases and cancer. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are newly discovered innate immune cells, which are present in abundance at mucosal surfaces, including lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive tract. Also, they are present in peripheral blood circulation, skin, and lymph nodes. They play a crucial role in generating the pro-inflammatory immune response during diverse conditions. On the other hand, adaptive immune cells, including different types of T and B cells are major players in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.) and cancers. Thus the article is designed to discuss the immunological role of different ILCs and their interaction with adaptive immune cells in maintaining the immune homeostasis, and during inflammatory autoimmune diseases along with other inflammatory conditions (excluding pathogen-induced inflammation), including cancer, graft-versus-host diseases, and human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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38
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Teufel C, Horvath E, Peter A, Ercan C, Piscuoglio S, Hall MN, Finke D, Lehmann FM. mTOR signaling mediates ILC3-driven immunopathology. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1323-1334. [PMID: 34341503 PMCID: PMC8528695 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have a protective immune function at mucosal tissues but can also contribute to immunopathology. Previous work has shown that the serine/threonine kinase mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is involved in generating protective ILC3 cytokine responses during bacterial infection. However, whether mTORC1 also regulates IFN-γ-mediated immunopathology has not been investigated. In addition, the role of mTORC2 in ILC3s is unknown. Using mice specifically defective for either mTORC1 or mTORC2 in ILC3s, we show that both mTOR complexes regulate the maintenance of ILC3s at steady state and pathological immune response during colitis. mTORC1 and to a lesser extend mTORC2 promote the proliferation of ILC3s in the small intestine. Upon activation, intestinal ILC3s produce less IFN-γ in the absence of mTOR signaling. During colitis, loss of both mTOR complexes in colonic ILC3s results in the reduced production of inflammatory mediators, recruitment of neutrophils and immunopathology. Similarly, treatment with rapamycin after colitis induction ameliorates the disease. Collectively, our data show a critical role for both mTOR complexes in controlling ILC3 cell numbers and ILC3-driven inflammation in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Teufel
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department of Biomedicine and University Children’s Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edit Horvath
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department of Biomedicine and University Children’s Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annick Peter
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department of Biomedicine and University Children’s Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caner Ercan
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland ,grid.410567.1Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland ,grid.410567.1Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael N. Hall
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Finke
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department of Biomedicine and University Children’s Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank M. Lehmann
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department of Biomedicine and University Children’s Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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39
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Witjes VM, Boleij A, Halffman W. Reducing versus Embracing Variation as Strategies for Reproducibility: The Microbiome of Laboratory Mice. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2415. [PMID: 33348632 PMCID: PMC7767075 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreproducibility is a well-recognized problem in biomedical animal experimentation. Phenotypic variation in animal models is one of the many challenging causes of irreproducibility. How to deal with phenotypic variation in experimental designs is a topic of debate. Both reducing and embracing variation are highlighted as strategies for reproducibility. In this theoretical review, we use variation in mouse microbiome composition as an example to analyze this ongoing discussion, drawing on both animal research and philosophy of science. We provide a conceptual explanation of reproducibility and analyze how the microbiome affects mouse phenotypes to demonstrate that the role of the microbiome in irreproducibility can be understood in two ways: (i) the microbiome can act as a confounding factor, and (ii) the result may not be generalizable to mice harboring a different microbiome composition. We elucidate that reducing variation minimizes confounding, whereas embracing variation ensures generalizability. These contrasting strategies make dealing with variation in experimental designs extremely complex. Here, we conclude that the most effective strategy depends on the specific research aim and question. The field of biomedical animal experimentation is too broad to identify a single optimal strategy. Thus, dealing with variation should be considered on a case-by-case basis, and awareness amongst researchers is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera M. Witjes
- Institute for Science in Society, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Annemarie Boleij
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Willem Halffman
- Institute for Science in Society, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
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Xian Y, Lv X, Xie M, Xiao F, Kong C, Ren Y. Physiological function and regulatory signal of intestinal type 3 innate lymphoid cell(s). Life Sci 2020; 262:118504. [PMID: 32991877 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Of the three groups of innate lymphoid cells, the type 3 innate lymphoid cell(s) (ILC3) include the subgroup of enteric ILC3 that participates in many physiological functions of the organism, such as promoting the repair of damaged mucosa, maintaining the homeostasis of gut symbiotic microorganisms, and presenting specific antigens. ILC3 also includes splenic and decidual ILC3. Like other physiological processes in the organism, enteric ILC3 functions are precisely regulated at the endogenous and exogenous levels. However, there has been no review on the physiological functions and regulatory signals of intestinal ILC3. In this paper, based on the current research on the physiological functions of enteric ILC3 in animals and the human, we summarize the signals that regulate cytokine secretion, antigen presentation and the quantity of ILC3 under normal intestinal conditions. We discuss for the first time the classification of the promoting mechanism of secretagogues of ILC3 into direct and indirect types. We also propose that ILC3 can promote intestinal homeostasis, and intestinal homeostasis can ensure the physiological phenotype of ILC3. If homeostasis is disturbed, ILC3 may participate in intestinal pathological changes. Therefore, regulating ILC3 and maintaining intestinal homeostasis are critical to the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xian
- Department of General Surgery, and Institute of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreas and Intestinal Disease, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Lv
- Department of General Surgery, and Institute of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreas and Intestinal Disease, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, PR China
| | - Minjia Xie
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, PR China
| | - Fuyang Xiao
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, PR China
| | - Chenyang Kong
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, PR China
| | - Yixing Ren
- Department of General Surgery, and Institute of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreas and Intestinal Disease, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, PR China.
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41
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Song D, Lai L, Ran Z. Metabolic Regulation of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Their Role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:580467. [PMID: 33193381 PMCID: PMC7649203 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the intestine. IBD is associated with complex pathogenesis, and considerable data suggest that innate lymphoid cells contribute to the development and progression of the condition. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) not only play a protective role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and gut barrier function, but also a pathogenic role in intestinal inflammation. ILC3s can sense environmental and host-derived signals and combine these cues to modulate cell expansion, migration and function, and transmit information to the broader immune system. Herein, we review current knowledge of how ILC3s can be regulated by dietary nutrients, microbiota and their metabolites, as well as other metabolites. In addition, we describe the phenotypic and functional alterations of ILC3s in IBD and discuss the therapeutic potential of ILC3s in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhihua Ran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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42
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Lucerne KE, Kiraly DD. The role of gut-immune-brain signaling in substance use disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 157:311-370. [PMID: 33648673 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are debilitating neuropsychiatric conditions that exact enormous costs in terms of loss of life and individual suffering. While much progress has been made defining the neurocircuitry and intracellular signaling cascades that contribute to SUDs, these studies have yielded limited effective treatment options. This has prompted greater exploration of non-traditional targets in addiction. Emerging data suggest inputs from peripheral systems, such as the immune system and the gut microbiome, impact multiple neuropsychiatric diseases, including SUDs. Until recently the gut microbiome, peripheral immune system, and the CNS have been studied independently; however, current work shows the gut microbiome and immune system critically interact to modulate brain function. Additionally, the gut microbiome and immune system intimately regulate one another via extensive bidirectional communication. Accumulating evidence suggests an important role for gut-immune-brain communication in the pathogenesis of substance use disorders. Thus, a better understanding of gut-immune-brain signaling could yield important insight to addiction pathology and potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E Lucerne
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Drew D Kiraly
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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43
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Cherrier M, Ramachandran G, Golub R. The interplay between innate lymphoid cells and T cells. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:732-742. [PMID: 32651476 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ILCs and T cells are closely related functionally but they significantly differ in their ability to circulate, expand, and renew. Cooperation and reciprocal functional regulation suggest that these cell types are more complementary than simply redundant during immune responses. How ILCs shape T-cell responses is strongly dependent on the tissue and inflammatory context. Likewise, indirect regulation of ILCs by adaptive immunity is induced by environmental cues such as the gut microbiota. Here, we review shared requirements for the development and function of both cell types and divergences in the orchestration of prototypic immune functions. We discuss the diversity of functional interactions between T cells and ILCs during homeostasis and immune responses. Identifying the location and the nature of the tissue microenvironment in which these interactions are taking place may uncover the remaining mysteries of their close encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cherrier
- Laboratoire d'Immunité Intestinale, Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Gayetri Ramachandran
- Host-Microbiota Interaction, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Golub
- Unité Lymphocytes et Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. .,INSERM U1223, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, F-75006, Paris, France.
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44
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Cytokines regulate the antigen-presenting characteristics of human circulating and tissue-resident intestinal ILCs. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2049. [PMID: 32341343 PMCID: PMC7184749 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ILCs and T helper cells have been shown to exert bi-directional regulation in mice. However, how crosstalk between ILCs and CD4+ T cells influences immune function in humans is unknown. Here we show that human intestinal ILCs co-localize with T cells in healthy and colorectal cancer tissue and display elevated HLA-DR expression in tumor and tumor-adjacent areas. Although mostly lacking co-stimulatory molecules ex vivo, intestinal and peripheral blood (PB) ILCs acquire antigen-presenting characteristics triggered by inflammasome-associated cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. IL-1β drives the expression of HLA-DR and co-stimulatory molecules on PB ILCs in an NF-κB-dependent manner, priming them as efficient inducers of cytomegalovirus-specific memory CD4+ T-cell responses. This effect is strongly inhibited by the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β. Our results suggest that circulating and tissue-resident ILCs have the intrinsic capacity to respond to the immediate cytokine milieu and regulate local CD4+ T-cell responses, with potential implications for anti-tumor immunity and inflammation. Murine ILCs can modulate T cell responses in MHCII-dependent manner. Here the authors show that human ILCs process and present antigens and induce T-cell responses upon exposure to IL-1-family cytokines; along with the article by Lehmann et al, this work elucidates how cytokines set context specificity of ILC-T cell crosstalk by regulating ILC antigen presentation.
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