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Liu Y, Su W, Li P, Zeng X, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Peng W, Wu H. Exploring the Mechanism of Fufang Danshen Tablet against Atherosclerosis by Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:643. [PMID: 38794213 PMCID: PMC11124970 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Fufang Danshen Tablet (FDT) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been clinically used to treat CVDs for more than 40 years. Nevertheless, owing to the complexity of the ingredients, the pharmacological mechanism of FDT in the treatment of CVDs has not been fully elucidated. In this study, an integrated strategy of UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, network pharmacology, molecular biology, and transcriptomics was used to elucidate the mechanisms of action of FDT in the treatment of atherosclerosis. In total, 22 absorbed constituents were identified in rat serum after oral administration of FDT. In silico, network pharmacology studies have shown that FDT regulates four key biological functional modules for the treatment of atherosclerosis: oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, energy metabolism, and immune/inflammation. In animal experiments, FDT exerted protective effects against atherosclerosis by reducing the plaque area and lipid levels in ApoE-/- mice. Furthermore, we found that FDT inhibited inflammatory macrophage accumulation by regulating the expression of Selp and Ccl2, which are both involved in monocyte adhesion and migration. The inhibition of monocyte recruitment by FDT is a new perspective to elucidate the anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of FDT, which has not been adopted in previous studies on FDT. Our results may help to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of FDT against CVDs and provide potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hao Wu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.L.); (W.S.); (P.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (W.P.)
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2
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Cowan DB, Wu H, Chen H. Epsin Endocytic Adaptor Proteins in Angiogenic and Lymphangiogenic Signaling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041165. [PMID: 37217282 PMCID: PMC10759987 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ligands and receptors are central regulators of vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. In response to VEGF ligand binding, VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases initiate the chain of events that transduce extracellular signals into endothelial cell responses such as survival, proliferation, and migration. These events are controlled by intricate cellular processes that include the regulation of gene expression at multiple levels, interactions of numerous proteins, and intracellular trafficking of receptor-ligand complexes. Endocytic uptake and transport of macromolecular complexes through the endosome-lysosome system helps fine-tune endothelial cell responses to VEGF signals. Clathrin-dependent endocytosis remains the best understood means of macromolecular entry into cells, although the importance of non-clathrin-dependent pathways is increasingly recognized. Many of these endocytic events rely on adaptor proteins that coordinate internalization of activated cell-surface receptors. In the endothelium of both blood and lymphatic vessels, epsins 1 and 2 are functionally redundant adaptors involved in receptor endocytosis and intracellular sorting. These proteins are capable of binding both lipids and proteins and are important for promoting curvature of the plasma membrane as well as binding ubiquitinated cargo. Here, we discuss the role of epsin proteins and other endocytic adaptors in governing VEGF signaling in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and discuss their therapeutic potential as molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Cowan
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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3
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Huang Y, Lu G, Zhou L. A mini review on selenium quantum dots: synthesis and biomedical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1332993. [PMID: 38179132 PMCID: PMC10764425 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1332993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the demand for advanced biomedical nanomaterials has seen a noticeable surge. Among the essential trace elements in the human body, selenium has gained recognition for its anti-cancer, antioxidant, and immune regulatory properties. However, traditional selenium-based semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are often comprised of heavy metal elements that tend to be toxic, thereby limiting their usage in biomedical applications. Fortunately, the advent of elemental selenium quantum dots (SeQDs), a new kind of fluorescent nanomaterial with unique physicochemical properties, has provided a solution to this problem. These SeQDs are known for their low toxicity and good biocompatibility, making them a promising candidate for biomedical applications. In this mini-review, we delve into the synthesis methods of fluorescent SeQDs and the latest progress in their applications in bioimaging, biosensing, and diagnosis treatment. Finally, we identify the major challenges and future prospects in the field of SeQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guangming Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomedical Polymer Materials, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomedical Polymer Materials, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
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4
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Li X, Chen X, Zheng L, Chen M, Zhang Y, Zhu R, Chen J, Gu J, Yin Q, Jiang H, Wu X, Ji X, Tang X, Dong M, Li Q, Gao Y, Chen H. Non-canonical STING-PERK pathway dependent epigenetic regulation of vascular endothelial dysfunction via integrating IRF3 and NF- κB in inflammatory response. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4765-4784. [PMID: 38045042 PMCID: PMC10692388 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-driven endothelial dysfunction is the major initiating factor in atherosclerosis, while the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report that the non-canonical stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway was significantly activated in both human and mice atherosclerotic arteries. Typically, STING activation leads to the activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/p65, thereby facilitating IFN signals and inflammation. In contrast, our study reveals the activated non-canonical STING-PERK pathway increases scaffold protein bromodomain protein 4 (BRD4) expression, which encourages the formation of super-enhancers on the proximal promoter regions of the proinflammatory cytokines, thereby enabling the transactivation of these cytokines by integrating activated IRF3 and NF-κB via a condensation process. Endothelium-specific STING and BRD4 deficiency significantly decreased the plaque area and inflammation. Mechanistically, this pathway is triggered by leaked mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) via mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), formed by voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) oligomer interaction with oxidized mtDNA upon cholesterol oxidation stimulation. Especially, compared to macrophages, endothelial STING activation plays a more pronounced role in atherosclerosis. We propose a non-canonical STING-PERK pathway-dependent epigenetic paradigm in atherosclerosis that integrates IRF3, NF-κB and BRD4 in inflammatory responses, which provides emerging therapeutic modalities for vascular endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Longbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Minghong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yunjia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ruigong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jiaming Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Quanwen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xian Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Mengdie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qingguo Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuanqing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hongshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223399, China
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Held A, Lapka J, Sargeant J, Hojanazarova J, Shaheen A, Galindo S, Madreiter-Sokolowski C, Malli R, Graier WF, Hay JC. Steady-state regulation of COPII-dependent secretory cargo sorting by inositol trisphosphate receptors, calcium, and penta EF hand proteins. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105471. [PMID: 37979918 PMCID: PMC10750190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that agonist-stimulated Ca2+ signaling involving IP3 receptors modulates ER export rates through activation of the penta-EF Hand proteins apoptosis-linked gene-2 (ALG-2) and peflin. It is unknown, however, whether IP3Rs and penta-EF proteins regulate ER export rates at steady state. Here we tested this idea in normal rat kidney epithelial cells by manipulation of IP3R isoform expression. Under standard growth conditions, spontaneous cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations occurred simultaneously in successive groups of contiguous cells, generating intercellular Ca2+ waves that moved across the monolayer periodically. Depletion of IP3R-3, typically the least promiscuous IP3R isoform, caused increased cell participation in intercellular Ca2+ waves in unstimulated cells. The increased spontaneous signaling was sufficient to cause increased ALG-2 and COPII coat subunit Sec31A and decreased peflin localization at ER exit sites, resulting in increased ER-to-Golgi transport of the COPII client cargo VSV-G. The elevated ER-to-Golgi transport caused greater concentration of VSV-G at ER exit sites and had reciprocal effects on transport of VSV-G and a bulk-flow cargo, though both cargos equally required Sec31A. Inactivation of client cargo sorting using 4-phenylbutyrate had opposing reciprocal effects on client and bulk-flow cargo and neutralized any effect of ALG-2 activation on transport. This work extends our knowledge of ALG-2 mechanisms and indicates that in normal rat kidney cells, IP3R isoforms regulate homeostatic Ca2+ signaling that helps determine the basal secretion rate and stringency of COPII-dependent cargo sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Held
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural & Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Jacob Lapka
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural & Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - John Sargeant
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural & Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Jennet Hojanazarova
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural & Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Alaa Shaheen
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural & Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Samuel Galindo
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural & Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Corina Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jesse C Hay
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural & Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA.
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Cheng X, Wang K, Zhao Y, Wang K. Research progress on post-translational modification of proteins and cardiovascular diseases. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:275. [PMID: 37507372 PMCID: PMC10382489 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as atherosclerosis, myocardial remodeling, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, heart failure, and oxidative stress are among the greatest threats to human health worldwide. Cardiovascular pathogenesis has been studied for decades, and the influence of epigenetic changes on CVDs has been extensively studied. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, glycosylation, methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, ubiquitin-like and nitrification, play important roles in the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. Over the past decade, with the application of high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), an increasing number novel acylation modifications have been discovered, including propionylation, crotonylation, butyrylation, succinylation, lactylation, and isonicotinylation. Each change in protein conformation has the potential to alter protein function and lead to CVDs, and this process is usually reversible. This article summarizes the mechanisms underlying several common PTMs involved in the occurrence and development of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- XueLi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, Shandong, China.
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Liu JL, Zhang L, Huang Y, Li XH, Liu YF, Zhang SM, Zhao YE, Chen XJ, Liu Y, He LY, Dong Z, Liu FY, Sun L, Xiao L. Epsin1-mediated exosomal sorting of Dll4 modulates the tubular-macrophage crosstalk in diabetic nephropathy. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1451-1467. [PMID: 37016580 PMCID: PMC10188907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubular epithelial cells (TECs) play critical roles in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), and can activate macrophages through the secretion of exosomes. However, the mechanism(s) of TEC-exosomes in macrophage activation under DN remains unknown. By mass spectrometry, 1,644 differentially expressed proteins, especially Dll4, were detected in the urine exosomes of DN patients compared with controls, which was confirmed by western blot assay. Elevated Epsin1 and Dll4/N1ICD expression was observed in kidney tissues in both DN patients and db/db mice and was positively associated with tubulointerstitial damage. Exosomes from high glucose (HG)-treated tubular cells (HK-2) with Epsin1 knockdown (KD) ameliorated macrophage activation, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression, and tubulointerstitial damage in C57BL/6 mice in vivo. In an in vitro study, enriched Dll4 was confirmed in HK-2 cells stimulated with HG, which was captured by THP-1 cells and promoted M1 macrophage activation. In addition, Epsin1 modulated the content of Dll4 in TEC-exosomes stimulated with HG. TEC-exosomes with Epsin1-KD significantly inhibited N1ICD activation and iNOS expression in THP-1 cells compared with incubation with HG alone. These findings suggested that Epsin1 could modulate tubular-macrophage crosstalk in DN by mediating exosomal sorting of Dll4 and Notch1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Fei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shu-Min Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue-E Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Yu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Fu-You Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Mackrill JJ. Non-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor IP3-binding proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA (BBA) - MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119470. [PMID: 37011730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Conventionally, myo-D-inositol 1, 4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is thought to exert its second messenger effects through the gating of IP3R Ca2+ release channels, located in Ca2+-storage organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum. However, there is considerable indirect evidence to support the concept that IP3 might interact with other, non-IP3R proteins within cells. To explore this possibility further, the Protein Data Bank was searched using the term "IP3". This resulted in the retrieval of 203 protein structures, the majority of which were members of the IP3R/ryanodine receptor superfamily of channels. Only 49 of these structures were complexed with IP3. These were inspected for their ability to interact with the carbon-1 phosphate of IP3, since this is the least accessible phosphate group of its precursor, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2). This reduced the number of structures retrieved to 35, of which 9 were IP3Rs. The remaining 26 structures represent a diverse range of proteins, including inositol-lipid metabolizing enzymes, signal transducers, PH domain containing proteins, cytoskeletal anchor proteins, the TRPV4 ion channel, a retroviral Gag protein and fibroblast growth factor 2. Such proteins may impact on IP3 signalling and its effects on cell-biology. This represents an area open for exploration in the field of IP3 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John James Mackrill
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork T12 XF62, Ireland.
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Dong Y, Wang B, Du M, Zhu B, Cui K, Li K, Yuan K, Cowan DB, Bhattacharjee S, Wong S, Shi J, Wang DZ, Chen K, Bischoff J, Linton MF, Chen H. Targeting Epsins to Inhibit Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling While Potentiating Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Constrains Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Atherosclerosis. Circulation 2023; 147:669-685. [PMID: 36591786 PMCID: PMC10136057 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.063075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epsin endocytic adaptor proteins are implicated in the progression of atherosclerosis; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully defined. In this study, we determined how epsins enhance endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in atherosclerosis and assessed the efficacy of a therapeutic peptide in a preclinical model of this disease. METHODS Using single-cell RNA sequencing combined with molecular, cellular, and biochemical analyses, we investigated the role of epsins in stimulating EndoMT using knockout in Apoe-/- and lineage tracing/proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease mutant viral-induced atherosclerotic mouse models. The therapeutic efficacy of a synthetic peptide targeting atherosclerotic plaques was then assessed in Apoe-/- mice. RESULTS Single-cell RNA sequencing and lineage tracing revealed that epsins 1 and 2 promote EndoMT and that the loss of endothelial epsins inhibits EndoMT marker expression and transforming growth factor-β signaling in vitro and in atherosclerotic mice, which is associated with smaller lesions in the Apoe-/- mouse model. Mechanistically, the loss of endothelial cell epsins results in increased fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 expression, which inhibits transforming growth factor-β signaling and EndoMT. Epsins directly bind ubiquitinated fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 through their ubiquitin-interacting motif, which results in endocytosis and degradation of this receptor complex. Consequently, administration of a synthetic ubiquitin-interacting motif-containing peptide atheroma ubiquitin-interacting motif peptide inhibitor significantly attenuates EndoMT and progression of atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that epsins potentiate EndoMT during atherogenesis by increasing transforming growth factor-β signaling through fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 internalization and degradation. Inhibition of EndoMT by reducing epsin-fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 interaction with a therapeutic peptide may represent a novel treatment strategy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhou Dong
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Beibei Wang
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mulong Du
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Bo Zhu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kui Cui
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kathryn Li
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ke Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Douglas B. Cowan
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sudarshan Bhattacharjee
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Scott Wong
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115
- Department of Anæsthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- USF Heart Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - MacRae F. Linton
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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10
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Li F, Zhang H. Targeting Macrophage Epsins to Reverse Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2023; 132:7-9. [PMID: 36603063 PMCID: PMC9830586 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.322273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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11
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Cui K, Gao X, Wang B, Wu H, Arulsamy K, Dong Y, Xiao Y, Jiang X, Malovichko MV, Li K, Peng Q, Lu YW, Zhu B, Zheng R, Wong S, Cowan DB, Linton M, Srivastava S, Shi J, Chen K, Chen H. Epsin Nanotherapy Regulates Cholesterol Transport to Fortify Atheroma Regression. Circ Res 2023; 132:e22-e42. [PMID: 36444722 PMCID: PMC9822875 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess cholesterol accumulation in lesional macrophages elicits complex responses in atherosclerosis. Epsins, a family of endocytic adaptors, fuel the progression of atherosclerosis; however, the underlying mechanism and therapeutic potential of targeting Epsins remains unknown. In this study, we determined the role of Epsins in macrophage-mediated metabolic regulation. We then developed an innovative method to therapeutically target macrophage Epsins with specially designed S2P-conjugated lipid nanoparticles, which encapsulate small-interfering RNAs to suppress Epsins. METHODS We used single-cell RNA sequencing with our newly developed algorithm MEBOCOST (Metabolite-mediated Cell Communication Modeling by Single Cell Transcriptome) to study cell-cell communications mediated by metabolites from sender cells and sensor proteins on receiver cells. Biomedical, cellular, and molecular approaches were utilized to investigate the role of macrophage Epsins in regulating lipid metabolism and transport. We performed this study using myeloid-specific Epsin double knockout (LysM-DKO) mice and mice with a genetic reduction of ABCG1 (ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1; LysM-DKO-ABCG1fl/+). The nanoparticles targeting lesional macrophages were developed to encapsulate interfering RNAs to treat atherosclerosis. RESULTS We revealed that Epsins regulate lipid metabolism and transport in atherosclerotic macrophages. Inhibiting Epsins by nanotherapy halts inflammation and accelerates atheroma resolution. Harnessing lesional macrophage-specific nanoparticle delivery of Epsin small-interfering RNAs, we showed that silencing of macrophage Epsins diminished atherosclerotic plaque size and promoted plaque regression. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Epsins bound to CD36 to facilitate lipid uptake by enhancing CD36 endocytosis and recycling. Conversely, Epsins promoted ABCG1 degradation via lysosomes and hampered ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport. In a LysM-DKO-ABCG1fl/+ mouse model, enhanced cholesterol efflux and reverse transport due to Epsin deficiency was suppressed by the reduction of ABCG1. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that targeting Epsins in lesional macrophages may offer therapeutic benefits for advanced atherosclerosis by reducing CD36-mediated lipid uptake and increasing ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Cui
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xinlei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Beibei Wang
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kulandaisamy Arulsamy
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yuling Xiao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xingya Jiang
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marina V. Malovichko
- Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Kathryn Li
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Qianman Peng
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yao Wei Lu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bo Zhu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rongbin Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Scott Wong
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Douglas B. Cowan
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - MacRae Linton
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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12
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Bell S, Tozer DJ, Markus HS. Genome-wide association study of the human brain functional connectome reveals strong vascular component underlying global network efficiency. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14938. [PMID: 36056064 PMCID: PMC9440133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex brain networks play a central role in integrating activity across the human brain, and such networks can be identified in the absence of any external stimulus. We performed 10 genome-wide association studies of resting state network measures of intrinsic brain activity in up to 36,150 participants of European ancestry in the UK Biobank. We found that the heritability of global network efficiency was largely explained by blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) resting state fluctuation amplitudes (RSFA), which are thought to reflect the vascular component of the BOLD signal. RSFA itself had a significant genetic component and we identified 24 genomic loci associated with RSFA, 157 genes whose predicted expression correlated with it, and 3 proteins in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and 4 in plasma. We observed correlations with cardiovascular traits, and single-cell RNA specificity analyses revealed enrichment of vascular related cells. Our analyses also revealed a potential role of lipid transport, store-operated calcium channel activity, and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate binding in resting-state BOLD fluctuations. We conclude that that the heritability of global network efficiency is largely explained by the vascular component of the BOLD response as ascertained by RSFA, which itself has a significant genetic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Bell
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Daniel J Tozer
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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13
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Wang Y, Zhu Z, Ma X, Liu W, Jiang X, Wu Y, Zou C, Shen B, Sun H, Gao H, Luan Y, Huang H. Individualized References of Carotid Stiffening Quantified With Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging: Model Construction and Preliminary Validation. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2022; 48:1528-1536. [PMID: 35595590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To establish and preliminarily validate an individualized reference of carotid stiffness quantified by ultrafast pulse wave velocity (ufPWV), our study included 225 healthy individuals in the modeling cohort and 628 individuals in the validation cohort. All participants underwent assessment of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), pulse wave velocity-beginning of systole and pulse wave velocity-end of systole (PWV-ES). A threshold equation of estimated PWV-ES was obtained by multiple linear regression analysis in the modeling cohort as follows: estimated PWV-ES (m/s) = 0.080 × age (y) + 0.767 × low-density lipoprotein (mmol/L) + 0.040 × systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) + 0.372 × sex (male = 1, female = 0) - 2.803. With this equation, the validation cohort was divided into the low PWV-ES (actual PWV-ES ≤ estimated PWV-ES) and high PWV-ES (actual PWV-ES > estimated PWV-ES) groups. A clear boundary was found to be present between the low PWV-ES and high PWV-ES groups in the validation cohort. Participants with increasing PWV-ES increased with age gradually. We further subdivided participants into cIMT subgroups using a cutoff thickness of 0.050 cm. Diagnostic performance analysis revealed that the sensitivity and specificity of the threshold equation were 78.9% and 73.9%, respectively. We established and validated a novel individualized reference equation for estimated PWV-ES, which can likely expand the application of prospective ufPWV assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengqiu Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuehui Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuezhong Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiyun Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Center of Good Clinical Practice, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bixiao Shen
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongye Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Luan
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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14
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Zelko IN, Taylor BS, Das TP, Watson WH, Sithu ID, Wahlang B, Malovichko MV, Cave MC, Srivastava S. Effect of vinyl chloride exposure on cardiometabolic toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:245-255. [PMID: 34717031 PMCID: PMC8724461 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Vinyl chloride (VC) is an organochlorine mainly used to manufacture its polymer polyvinyl chloride, which is extensively used in the manufacturing of consumer products. Recent studies suggest that chronic low dose VC exposure affects glucose homeostasis in high fat diet-fed mice. Our data suggest that even in the absence of high fat diet, exposure to VC (0.8 ppm, 6 h/day, 5 day/week, for 12 weeks) induces glucose intolerance (1.0 g/kg, i.p.) in male C57BL/6 mice. This was accompanied with the depletion of hepatic glutathione and a modest increase in lung interstitial macrophages. VC exposure did not affect the levels of circulating immune cells, endothelial progenitor cells, platelet-immune cell aggregates, and cytokines and chemokines. The acute challenge of VC-exposed mice with LPS did not affect lung immune cell composition or plasma IL-6. To examine the effect of VC exposure on vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, LDL receptor-KO mice on C57BL/6 background maintained on western diet were exposed to VC for 12 weeks (0.8 ppm, 6 h/day, 5 day/week). Unlike the WT C57BL/6 mice, VC exposure did not affect glucose tolerance in the LDL receptor-KO mice. Plasma cytokines, lesion area in the aortic valve, and markers of lesional inflammation in VC-exposed LDL receptor-KO mice were comparable with the air-exposed controls. Collectively, despite impaired glucose tolerance and modest pulmonary inflammation, chronic low dose VC exposure does not affect surrogate markers of cardiovascular injury, LPS-induced acute inflammation in C57BL/6 mice, and chronic inflammation and atherosclerosis in the LDL receptor-KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor N. Zelko
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Breandon S. Taylor
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Trinath P. Das
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Walter H. Watson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Israel D. Sithu
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Banrida Wahlang
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Marina V. Malovichko
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Matthew C. Cave
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
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15
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Negri S, Faris P, Moccia F. Reactive Oxygen Species and Endothelial Ca 2+ Signaling: Brothers in Arms or Partners in Crime? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189821. [PMID: 34575985 PMCID: PMC8465413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) controls virtually all endothelial cell functions and is, therefore, crucial to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis. An aberrant elevation in endothelial can indeed lead to severe cardiovascular disorders. Likewise, moderate amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce intracellular Ca2+ signals to regulate vascular functions, while excessive ROS production may exploit dysregulated Ca2+ dynamics to induce endothelial injury. Herein, we survey how ROS induce endothelial Ca2+ signals to regulate vascular functions and, vice versa, how aberrant ROS generation may exploit the Ca2+ handling machinery to promote endothelial dysfunction. ROS elicit endothelial Ca2+ signals by regulating inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors, sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2B, two-pore channels, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), and multiple isoforms of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. ROS-induced endothelial Ca2+ signals regulate endothelial permeability, angiogenesis, and generation of vasorelaxing mediators and can be exploited to induce therapeutic angiogenesis, rescue neurovascular coupling, and induce cancer regression. However, an increase in endothelial [Ca2+]i induced by aberrant ROS formation may result in endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and pulmonary artery hypertension. This information could pave the way to design alternative treatments to interfere with the life-threatening interconnection between endothelial ROS and Ca2+ signaling under multiple pathological conditions.
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16
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Epsins Negatively Regulate Aortic Endothelial Cell Function by Augmenting Inflammatory Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081918. [PMID: 34440686 PMCID: PMC8391889 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The endothelial epsin 1 and 2 endocytic adaptor proteins play an important role in atherosclerosis by regulating the degradation of the calcium release channel inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (IP3R1). In this study, we sought to identify additional targets responsible for epsin-mediated atherosclerotic endothelial cell activation and inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice and ApoE-/- mice with an endothelial cell-specific deletion of epsin 1 on a global epsin 2 knock-out background (EC-iDKO/ApoE-/-), and aortic endothelial cells isolated from these mice, were used to examine inflammatory signaling in the endothelium. Results: Inflammatory signaling was significantly abrogated by both acute (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) and chronic (oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)) stimuli in EC-iDKO/ApoE-/- mice and murine aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) isolated from epsin-deficient animals when compared to ApoE-/- controls. Mechanistically, the epsin ubiquitin interacting motif (UIM) bound to Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 to potentiate inflammatory signaling and deletion of the epsin UIM mitigated this interaction. Conclusions: The epsin endocytic adaptor proteins potentiate endothelial cell activation in acute and chronic models of atherogenesis. These studies further implicate epsins as therapeutic targets for the treatment of inflammation of the endothelium associated with atherosclerosis.
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17
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Zhao S, Wang H. EVA1A Plays an Important Role by Regulating Autophagy in Physiological and Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126181. [PMID: 34201121 PMCID: PMC8227468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eva-1 homolog A (EVA1A) is regarded as TMEM166 (transmembrane protein 166) or FAM176A (family with sequence similarity 176) and a lysosome and endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein involved in regulating autophagy and apoptosis. EVA1A regulates embryonic neurogenesis, cardiac remodeling, islet alpha-cell functions, acute liver failure, and hepatitis B virus replication. However, the related mechanisms are not fully clear. Autophagy is a process in which cells transfer pathogens, abnormal proteins and organelles to lysosomes for degradation. It plays an important role in various physiological and pathological processes, including cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, infection, heart disease, development, cell differentiation and nutritional starvation. Recently, there are many studies on the important role of EVA1A in many physiological and pathological processes by regulating autophagy. However, the related molecular mechanisms need further study. Therefore, we summarize the above-mentioned researches about the role of EVA1A in physiological and pathological processes through regulating autophagy in order to provide theoretical basis for future researches.
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18
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Li C, Li S, Du K, Li P, Qiu B, Ding W. On-Chip Replication of Extremely Early-Stage Tumor Behavior. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:19768-19777. [PMID: 33877794 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multistep progressive disease that generally involves tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. It is crucial to understand tumor progression for tumor diagnosis and therapy. However, tumor progression at an extremely early stage (EES) is barely demonstrated because EES tumors are too small to be detected by imaging. Herein, we, for the first time, replicated tumor progression at the EES on a microfluidic chip and uncovered the tumor behaviors affected by the tumor microenvironment. To mimic the progression of a single solid tumor at the EES, a HeLa cell spheroid was seeded and cultured on the chip, and a microvascular network was developed to integrate the microphysiological contexts around the tumor. We revealed not only the growth patterns and cell behaviors of tumor spheroids of different sizes under angiogenesis and fibroblast conditions but also the effect of tumor progression on peritumoral angiogenesis. We found that smaller tumors were more aggressive and that endotheliocytes and fibroblasts significantly accelerated both the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. In addition, we also first present the dynamic epithelial-mesenchymal transition process of tumor cells and the formation of vasculogenic mimicry at the EES. This work can provide insights for understanding tumor progression at the EES and offer new ideas for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengpan Li
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Shibo Li
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Kun Du
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ping Li
- Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Weiping Ding
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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19
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Cui K, Dong Y, Wang B, Cowan DB, Chan SL, Shyy J, Chen H. Endocytic Adaptors in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:624159. [PMID: 33363178 PMCID: PMC7759532 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.624159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is the process of actively transporting materials into a cell by membrane engulfment. Traditionally, endocytosis was divided into three forms: phagocytosis (cell eating), pinocytosis (cell drinking), and the more selective receptor-mediated endocytosis (clathrin-mediated endocytosis); however, other important endocytic pathways (e.g., caveolin-dependent endocytosis) contribute to the uptake of extracellular substances. In each, the plasma membrane changes shape to allow the ingestion and internalization of materials, resulting in the formation of an intracellular vesicle. While receptor-mediated endocytosis remains the best understood pathway, mammalian cells utilize each form of endocytosis to respond to their environment. Receptor-mediated endocytosis permits the internalization of cell surface receptors and their ligands through a complex membrane invagination process that is facilitated by clathrin and adaptor proteins. Internalized vesicles containing these receptor-ligand cargoes fuse with early endosomes, which can then be recycled back to the plasma membrane, delivered to other cellular compartments, or destined for degradation by fusing with lysosomes. These intracellular fates are largely determined by the interaction of specific cargoes with adaptor proteins, such as the epsins, disabled-homolog 2 (Dab2), the stonin proteins, epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15, and adaptor protein 2 (AP-2). In this review, we focus on the role of epsins and Dab2 in controlling these sorting processes in the context of cardiovascular disease. In particular, we will focus on the function of epsins and Dab2 in inflammation, cholesterol metabolism, and their fundamental contribution to atherogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Cui
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Beibei Wang
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Douglas B Cowan
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Siu-Lung Chan
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John Shyy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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20
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Bhattacharjee S, Lee Y, Zhu B, Wu H, Chen Y, Chen H. Epsins in vascular development, function and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:833-842. [PMID: 32930806 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epsins are a family of adaptor proteins involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis. In the vasculature, epsins 1 and 2 are functionally redundant members of this family that are expressed in the endothelial cells of blood vessels and the lymphatic system throughout development and adulthood. These proteins contain a number of peptide motifs that allow them to interact with lipid moieties and a variety of proteins. These interactions facilitate the regulation of a wide range of cell signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on the involvement of epsins 1 and 2 in controlling vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. We also discuss the therapeutic implications of understanding the molecular mechanisms of epsin-mediated regulation in diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Bhattacharjee
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yang Lee
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bo Zhu
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Research Department, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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