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Shadman J, Panahpour H, Alipour MR, Salimi A, Shahabi P, Azar SS. Investigating the Therapeutic Effects of Nimodipine on Vasogenic Cerebral Edema and Blood-Brain Barrier Impairment in an Ischemic Stroke Rat Model. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110054. [PMID: 38950691 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Vasogenic brain edema, a potentially life-threatening consequence following an acute ischemic stroke, is a major clinical problem. This research aims to explore the therapeutic benefits of nimodipine, a calcium channel blocker, in mitigating vasogenic cerebral edema and preserving blood-brain barrier (BBB) function in an ischemic stroke rat model. In this research, animals underwent the induction of ischemic stroke via a 60-minute blockage of the middle cerebral artery and treated with a nonhypotensive dose of nimodipine (1 mg/kg/day) for a duration of five days. The wet/dry method was employed to identify cerebral edema, and the Evans blue dye extravasation technique was used to assess the permeability of the BBB. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining was utilized to assess the protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). The study also examined mitochondrial function by evaluating mitochondrial swelling, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Post-stroke administration of nimodipine led to a significant decrease in cerebral edema and maintained the integrity of the BBB. The protective effects observed were associated with a reduction in cell apoptosis as well as decreased expression of MMP-9 and ICAM-1. Furthermore, nimodipine was observed to reduce mitochondrial swelling and ROS levels while simultaneously restoring MMP and SDH activity. These results suggest that nimodipine may reduce cerebral edema and BBB breakdown caused by ischemia/reperfusion. This effect is potentially mediated through the reduction of MMP-9 and ICAM-1 levels and the enhancement of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Shadman
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hamdollah Panahpour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | | | - Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saied Salimpour Azar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Li X, Li Y, Wang K, Qi S, Zhang Z, Cai S. Isoquercitrin alleviates OGD/R-induced oxidative stress and impaired mitochondrial biogenesis in SH-SY5Y cells via the NRF1/TFAM pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01355-0. [PMID: 38888870 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Isoquercitrin (ISO) is a traditional Chinese medicine extract, that has been found to possess potent neuroprotective properties. However, its precise role in the context of ischemic stroke (IS) remains to be fully elucidated. We constructed an in vitro model of IS induced by OGD/R in SH-SY5Y cells. Cell viability, the levels of oxidative stress-related indicators (8-OHDG, MDA, SOD, GSH, and GSH-Px), ROS, and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured by using detection kits. The protein levels of GPX1, SOD, Cytc were measured. The mRNA levels of mitochondrial biogenesis-related indicators (Cytb, CO1, ND2, ND5, and ND6), and mtDNA copy number were measured by RT-qPCR. ATP levels were measured. Molecular docking between ISO and NRF1, and Co-IP assay for NRF1 and TFAM interaction were performed. Expression of NRF1 and TFAM was evaluated. ISO treatment reversed the detrimental effects of OGD/R on cell viability, attenuated the elevation of oxidative stress markers, restored antioxidant levels, and alleviated the impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis in SH-SY5Y cells. ISO interacted with NRF1 and increased its expression along with TFAM. Silencing NRF1 reversed the protective effects of ISO, suggesting its involvement in mediating the neuroprotective effects of ISO. ISO alleviates oxidative stress and mitochondrial biogenesis damage induced by OGD/R in SH-SY5Y cells by upregulating the NRF1/TFAM pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Li
- School of Public Health and Laboratory Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Yujie Li
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - KeRui Wang
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Sike Qi
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Zherui Zhang
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Shichang Cai
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China.
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Chen Q, Wu M, Tang Q, Yan P, Zhu L. Age-Related Alterations in Immune Function and Inflammation: Focus on Ischemic Stroke. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1046-1074. [PMID: 37728582 PMCID: PMC11081165 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging of the global population poses significant scientific challenges. Moreover, the biological process of aging is the most significant risk factor for most chronic illnesses; therefore, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these aging-related challenges is crucial for extending the healthy lifespan of older individuals. Preventing brain aging remains a priority public health goal, and integrative and comprehensive aging analyses have revealed that immunosenescence is a potential cause of age-related brain damage and disease (e.g., stroke). Importantly, the neuroinflammatory and immune systems present two-way contact and thus can affect each other. Emerging evidence supports the numerous effects of immunosenescence- and inflammation-mediated immunity in neurologically injured brains. In this study, we briefly outline how aging alters the pathophysiology and transcriptional amplitude in patients who experienced stroke and then discuss how the immune system and its cellular components and molecular mechanisms are affected by age after stroke. Finally, we highlight emerging interventions with the potential to slow down or reduce aging and prevent stroke onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Minmin Wu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Peiyu Yan
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Luwen Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
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Lv W, Ruan Z, Zhang Q, Wei Y, Wu X, Dou YN, Chao W, Fei X, Fei Z. Serum Homer1 is a Novel Biomarker for Predicting the Clinical Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1337-1347. [PMID: 38434583 PMCID: PMC10908339 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s453018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aim to explore the relationship between Homer1 and the outcomes of AIS patients at 3 months. Patients and Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted from May 2022 to March 2023. In this study, we investigated the association between serum Homer1 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at admission and functional outcomes of patients at 3 months after AIS. Results Overall, 89 AIS patients (48 good outcomes and 41 poor outcomes) and 83 healthy controls were included. The median serum Homer1 level of patients at admission with poor outcomes was significantly higher than that of patients with good outcomes (39.33 vs 33.15, P<0.001). Serum Homer1 levels at admission were positively correlated with the severity of AIS (r = 0.488, P<0.001). The optimal cutoff of serum Homer1 level as an indicator for an auxiliary diagnosis of 3 months functional outcomes was 35.07 pg/mL, with a sensitivity of 75.0% and a specificity of 92.7% (AUC 0.837; 95% CI [0.744-0.907]; P<0 0.001). The odds ratio of MRS > 2 predicted by the level of serum Homer1 after 3 months was 1.665 (1.306-2.122; P<0.001). Conclusion Serum concentrations of Homer1 have a high predictive value for neurobehavioral outcomes after acute ischemic stroke. Higher serum Homer1 levels (>35.07 pg/mL) were positively associated with poor functional outcomes of patients 3 months post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ruan
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaxuan Wei
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Province Central Hospital, Lanzhou, 730070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wangshu Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710032, People’s Republic of China
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Xia X, Chen J, Ren H, Zhou C, Zhang Q, Cheng H, Wang X. Gypenoside Pretreatment Alleviates the Cerebral Ischemia Injury via Inhibiting the Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1140-1156. [PMID: 37688709 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is closely related to prognosis in ischemic stroke. Microglia are the main immune cells in the nervous system. Under physiological conditions, microglia participate in clearance of dead cells, synapse pruning and regulation of neuronal circuits to maintain the overall health of the nervous system. Once ischemic stroke occurs, microglia function in the occurrence and progression of neuroinflammation. Therefore, the regulation of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. The anti-inflammatory activity of gypenosides (GPs) has been confirmed to be related to the activity of microglia in other neurological diseases. However, the role of GPs in neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke has not been studied. In this study, we investigated whether GPs could reduce neuroinflammation by regulating microglia and the underlying mechanism through qRT-PCR and western blot. Results showed that GPs pretreatment mitigated blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage in the mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and improved motor function. According to the results of immunofluorescence staining, GPs pretreatment alleviated neuroinflammation in MCAO mice by reducing the number of microglia and promoting their phenotypic transformation from M1 to M2. Furthermore, GPs pretreatment reduced the number of astrocytes in the penumbra and inhibited their polarization into the A1 type. We applied oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) on BV2 cells to mimic ischemic conditions in vitro and found similar effect as that in vivo. At the molecular level, the STAT-3/HIF1-α and TLR-4/NF-κB/HIF1-α pathways were involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of GPs in vitro and in vivo. Overall, this research indicates that GPs are potential therapeutic agents for ischemic stroke and has important reference significance to further explore the possibility of GPs application in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiyuan Ren
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chang Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingli Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haoyang Cheng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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He Q, Wang Y, Fang C, Feng Z, Yin M, Huang J, Ma Y, Mo Z. Advancing stroke therapy: A deep dive into early phase of ischemic stroke and recanalization. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14634. [PMID: 38379112 PMCID: PMC10879038 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, accounting for the majority of stroke events, significantly contributes to global morbidity and mortality. Vascular recanalization therapies, namely intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy, have emerged as critical interventions, yet their success hinges on timely application and patient-specific factors. This review focuses on the early phase pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic stroke and the nuances of recanalization. It highlights the dual role of neutrophils in tissue damage and repair, and the critical involvement of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in stroke outcomes. Special emphasis is placed on ischemia-reperfusion injury, characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, which paradoxically exacerbates cerebral damage post-revascularization. The review also explores the potential of targeting molecular pathways involved in BBB integrity and inflammation to enhance the efficacy of recanalization therapies. By synthesizing current research, this paper aims to provide insights into optimizing treatment protocols and developing adjuvant neuroprotective strategies, thereby advancing stroke therapy and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyan He
- Department of Neurology, Stroke CenterThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilinChina
- Institute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yueqing Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Cheng Fang
- Institute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Ziying Feng
- Institute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Meifang Yin
- Institute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Juyang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yinzhong Ma
- Institute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Zhizhun Mo
- Emergency Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalThe Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhenGuangdongChina
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Lv W, Zhang Q, Li Y, Liu D, Wu X, He X, Han Y, Fei X, Zhang L, Fei Z. Homer1 ameliorates ischemic stroke by inhibiting necroptosis-induced neuronal damage and neuroinflammation. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:131-144. [PMID: 38091015 PMCID: PMC10776472 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proinflammatory necroptosis is the main pathological mechanism of ischemic stroke. Homer scaffolding protein 1 (Homer1) is a postsynaptic scaffolding protein that exerts anti-inflammatory effects in most central nervous system diseases. However, the relationship between Homer1 and proinflammatory necroptosis in ischemic stroke remains unclear. AIM This study aimed to investigate the role of Homer1 in ischemia-induced necroptosis. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model (pMCAO). Homer1 knockdown mice were generated using adeno-associated virus (AAV) infection to explore the role of Homer1 and its impact on necroptosis in pMCAO. Finally, Homer1 protein was stereotaxically injected into the ischemic cortex of Homer1flox/flox/Nestin-Cre +/- mice, and the efficacy of Homer1 was investigated using behavioral assays and molecular biological assays to explore potential mechanisms. RESULTS Homer1 expression peaked at 8 h in the ischemic penumbral cortex after pMCAO and colocalized with neurons. Homer1 knockdown promoted neuronal death by enhancing necroptotic signaling pathways and aggravating ischemic brain damage in mice. Furthermore, the knockdown of Homer1 enhanced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, injection of Homer1 protein reduced necroptosis-induced brain injury inhibited the expression of proinflammatory factors, and ameliorated the outcomes in the Homer1flox/flox/Nestin-Cre+/- mice after pMCAO. CONCLUSIONS Homer1 ameliorates ischemic stroke by inhibiting necroptosis-induced neuronal damage and neuroinflammation. These data suggested that Homer1 is a novel regulator of neuronal death and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yuanming Li
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Province Central Hospital, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiuquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiaowei Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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Rahman Z, Ghuge S, Dandekar MP. Partial blood replacement ameliorates middle cerebral artery occlusion generated neurological aberrations by intervening TLR4 and NLRP3 cascades in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2339-2354. [PMID: 37402080 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke is a catastrophic medical condition that causes severe disability and mortality if the sufferer escapes treatment within a stipulated timeframe. While timely intervention with clot-bursting agents like tissue-plasminogen activators abrogates some post-stroke neurologic deficits, no neuroprotective therapy is yet promisingly addresses the post-recanalization neuroinflammation in post-stroke survivors. Herein, we investigated the effect of partial blood replacement therapy (BRT), obtained from healthy and treadmill-trained donor rats, on neurological deficits, and peripheral and central inflammatory cascades using the ischemia-reperfusion animal paradigm. The cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was induced in rats by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) for 90 min, followed by reperfusion. Rats underwent MCAO surgery displayed remarkable sensorimotor and motor deficits in rotarod, foot fault, adhesive removal, and paw whisker tests till 5 days post-surgery. These behavior abnormalities were ameliorated in the BRT-recipient MCAO rats. BRT also reduced the infarct volume and neuronal death in the ipsilateral hemisphere revealed by TTC and cresyl violet staining compared to the MCAO group. Rats received BRT infusion exhibited the reduced expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1), and MyD88 on day 5 post-MCAO in immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent assays. Moreover, elevated levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and NLRP3, and decreased levels of zonula occludens-1 in MCAO rats, were reversed following BRT. These findings suggest that the partial BRT may rescind MCAO-induced neurological dysfunctions and cerebral injury by intervening in the TLR4 and NLRP3 pathways in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Shubham Ghuge
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India.
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Păun O, Cercel RA, Radu RI, Raicea VC, Pîrşcoveanu DFV, Honţaru SO, Zorilă MV, Mogoantă L. Histopathological lesions induced by stroke in the encephalon. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2023; 64:389-398. [PMID: 37867356 PMCID: PMC10720933 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.64.3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Strokes are conditions with a high degree of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These conditions profoundly affect the quality of life of patients; in addition to physical disabilities, patients present various mental disorders, such as mood disorders, anxiety, depression, behavioral disorders, fatigue, etc. Microscopic lesions of the brain parenchyma explain the clinical symptoms and correlate with the severity of the stroke. Our study consisted of the histopathological (HP) and immunohistochemical analysis of brain fragments, collected from 23 patients, with a clinical and imagistic diagnosis of stroke, who died during hospital admission. The microscopic analysis showed that both neurons and glial cells are affected in the ischemic focus. Neuronal death in the ischemic focus was mostly caused by cell necrosis and only about 10% by apoptosis. Regarding vascular lesions, it was observed that the most frequent HP lesion of intracerebral arterioles was arteriosclerosis. The lumen of the arterioles was reduced, and the vascular endothelium had a discontinuous aspect, which indicates a change in the blood-brain barrier. Sometimes the arteriole lumen was completely obstructed, with fibrinoid necrosis in the internal and middle tunic, or with the proliferation of fibroblasts and the formation of young intraluminal connective tissue. Intraparenchymal blood capillaries in the ischemic area showed endothelium discontinuities, lumen collapse, and sometimes massive perivascular edema. As for neuroinflammation, the presence of numerous neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages was found in the ischemic focus, forming a complex and inhomogeneous cellular mixture. Of the inflammatory cells present in the ischemic focus and in the ischemic penumbra area, the most numerous were the macrophages. The HP analysis showed that neuroinflammation is very complex and different in intensity from one patient to another, most likely due to associated comorbidities, age, treatment administered until death, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavian Păun
- PhD Student, Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Roberta Andreea Cercel
- PhD Student, Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Răzvan Ilie Radu
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Sorina Octavia Honţaru
- Department of Health Care and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sciences, Physical Education and Informatics, University of Piteşti, Romania
| | - Marian Valentin Zorilă
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Laurenţiu Mogoantă
- Research Center for Microscopic Morphology and Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, Craiova Subsidiary, Romania
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Hu H, Wu S, Lee TJ, Gusdon AM, Liu Y, Choi HA, Ren XS. A novel specific aptamer targets cerebrovascular endothelial cells after ischemic stroke. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9990. [PMID: 37339993 PMCID: PMC10282052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell specific-targeted therapy (CSTT) for acute ischemic stroke remains underdeveloped. Cerebrovascular endothelial cells (CECs) are key components of the blood-brain barrier and are the first brain cells affected by ischemic stroke. After stroke, CEC injury causes insufficient energy supply to neurons and leads to cytotoxic and vasogenic brain edema. Aptamers are short single-stranded RNA or DNA molecules that can bind to specific ligands for cell specific delivery. The expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is increased on CECs after stroke. Herein, we report that an RNA-based VCAM-1-aptamer can specifically target CECs in stroke brains following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Our data demonstrate the potential of an RNA-based aptamer as an effective delivery platform to target CECs after stroke. We believe this method will allow for the development of CSTT for treatment of patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, MSB 7.134, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Silin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, MSB 7.134, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, MSB 7.134, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aaron M Gusdon
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, MSB 7.134, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Huimahn A Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, MSB 7.134, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xuefang Sophie Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, MSB 7.134, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Chen HF, Ho TF, Kuo YH, Chien JH. Association between Anemia Severity and Ischemic Stroke Incidence: A Retrospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3849. [PMID: 36900859 PMCID: PMC10001762 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stroke patients presenting with anemia at the time of stroke onset had a higher risk of mortality and development of other cardiovascular diseases and comorbidities. The association between the severity of anemia and the risk of developing a stroke is still uncertain. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the association between stroke incidence and anemia severity (by WHO criteria). A total of 71,787 patients were included, of whom 16,708 (23.27%) were identified as anemic and 55,079 patients were anemia-free. Female patients (62.98%) were more likely to have anemia than males (37.02%). The likelihood of having a stroke within eight years after anemia diagnosis was calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression. Patients with moderate anemia had a significant increase in stroke risk compared to the non-anemia group in univariate analyses (hazard ratios [HR] = 2.31, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.97-2.71, p < 0.001) and in adjusted HRs (adj-HR = 1.20, 95% CI, 1.02-1.43, p = 0.032). The data reveal that patients with severe anemia received more anemia treatment, such as blood transfusion and nutritional supplementation, and maintaining blood homeostasis may be important to preventing stroke. Anemia is an important risk factor, but other risk factors, including diabetes and hyperlipidemia, also affect stroke development. There is a heightened awareness of anemia's severity and the increasing risk of stroke development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fen Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Taichung Tzu-Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, No. 88 Fong-Shing Rd., Taichung City 42743, Taiwan
| | - Tsing-Fen Ho
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666 Buzih Rd., Taichung City 40601, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Kuo
- Department of Research, Taichung Tzu-Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, No. 88 Fong-Shing Rd., Taichung City 42743, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Huei Chien
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666 Buzih Rd., Taichung City 40601, Taiwan
- Department of Research, Taichung Tzu-Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, No. 88 Fong-Shing Rd., Taichung City 42743, Taiwan
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Li A, Han T, Li Y, Yang G, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Zhou B, Song G, He Y. Polymorphisms of the Matrix Metalloproteinase Genes are Associated with Acute Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Han Population. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:619-629. [PMID: 36845343 PMCID: PMC9951599 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s395416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Studies have shown that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2,3,9) plays an important role in the pathologic process of ischemic stroke (IS). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between C1306T, 1612-5A/6A, C-1562T polymorphisms of MMP-2,3,9 genes and IS in Chinese Han population. Methods The polymorphisms of MMP-2(C1306T), -3(1612-5A/6A), -9(C-1562T) gene were detected by PCR-RFLP and SNaPshot sequencing. Then, stratified analysis was used to study the relationship between IS subtypes and MMP-2,3,9 polymorphisms. Results For the MMP-2 gene C1306T polymorphism, TT genotype and T allele were significantly associated with a reduced risk of IS (P = 0.015, P = 0.003, respectively). T allele was significantly associated with a reduced risk of small artery occlusion (SAO) subtype compared with the control group (P = 0.012, OR = 0.550, 95% CI = 0.065-1.291). For the MMP-3 gene-1612 (5A/6A) polymorphism, 5A/5A genotype was significantly increased in the IS group (P = 0.011, OR = 0.370, 95% CI = 0.168-0.814), especially in the large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) subtype (P = 0.001, OR = 2.345) as compared to the control group. Conclusion Our study suggested that the T allele of MMP-2 may be a protective factor of IS, especially in SAO subtype, while the 5A/5A gene of MMP-3 may increase the risk of IS, especially in LAA subtype in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifan Li
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Han
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaiqing Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, the Center Hospital of Zhengzhou Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Department of Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, 453100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyang Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baixue Zhou
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoying Song
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Ying He; Guoying Song, Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13938517041; +86-13633827880, Email ;
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Tuohy MC, Hillman EMC, Marshall R, Agalliu D. The age-dependent immune response to ischemic stroke. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 78:102670. [PMID: 36586305 PMCID: PMC9845177 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating cause of global morbidity and mortality. Ischemic brain injury triggers a profound local and systemic immune response that participates in stroke pathophysiology. In turn, this immune response has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. In order to maximize its therapeutic potential, it is critical to understand how the immune response to ischemic brain injury is affected by age - the strongest non-modifiable risk factor for stroke. The development of multi-omics and single-cell technologies has provided a more comprehensive characterization of transcriptional and cellular changes that occur during aging. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of how age-related immune alterations shape differential stroke outcomes in older versus younger organisms, highlighting studies in both experimental mouse models and patient cohorts. Wherever possible, we emphasize outstanding questions that present important avenues for future investigation with therapeutic value for the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Claire Tuohy
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Elizabeth M C Hillman
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. https://twitter.com/HillmanLab
| | - Randolph Marshall
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Dritan Agalliu
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Advances in antioxidative nanozymes for treating ischemic stroke. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Zhao H, Wang M, Huang X, Wu X, Xiao H, Jin F, Lv J, Cheng J, Zhao Y, Zhang C. Wasp venom from Vespa magnifica acts as a neuroprotective agent to alleviate neuronal damage after stroke in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:334-346. [PMID: 35171059 PMCID: PMC8863380 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2032207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is a major cause of disability and death, which is a serious threat to human health and life. Wasp venom extracted from Vespa magnifica Smith (Vespidae) could treat major neurological disorders. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of wasp venom on AIS in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in Sprague-Dawley rats (260-280 g, n = 8-15) with a sham operation group being treated as negative control. MCAO rats were treated with wasp venom (0.05, 0.2 and 0.6 mg/kg, i.p.) using intraperitoneal injection. After treatment 48 h, behavioural tests, cortical blood flow (CBF), TTC staining, H&E staining, Nissl staining, TUNEL assay, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and ELISA were employed to investigate neuroprotective effects of wasp venom. RESULTS Compared with the MCAO group, wasp venom (0.6 mg/kg) improved neurological impairment, accelerated CBF recovery (205.6 ± 52.92 versus 216.7 ± 34.56), reduced infarct volume (337.1 ± 113.2 versus 140.7 ± 98.03) as well as BBB permeability as evidenced by changes in claudin-5 and AQP4. In addition, function recovery of stroke by wasp venom treatment was associated with a decrease in TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and inhibition activated microglia as well as apoptosis. Simultaneously, the wasp venom regulated the angiogenesis factors VEGF and b-FGF in the brain. CONCLUSIONS Wasp venom exhibited a potential neuroprotective effect for AIS. In the future, we will focus on determining whether the observed actions were due to a single compound or the interaction of multiple components of the venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, PR China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Mei Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, PR China
| | - Xi Huang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, PR China
| | - Xiumei Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, PR China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali, PR China
| | - Huai Xiao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, PR China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali, PR China
| | - Fanmao Jin
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, PR China
| | - Jiaming Lv
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Jidong Cheng
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, PR China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali, PR China
| | - Chenggui Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, PR China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali, PR China
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Wei Z, Xie Y, Wei M, Zhao H, Ren K, Feng Q, Xu Y. New insights in ferroptosis: Potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1020918. [PMID: 36425577 PMCID: PMC9679292 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1020918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a common disease in clinical practice, which seriously endangers people's physical and mental health. The neurovascular unit (NVU) plays a key role in the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke. Different from other classical types of cell death such as apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis, ferroptosis is an iron-dependent lipid peroxidation-driven new form of cell death. Interestingly, the function of NVU and stroke development can be regulated by activating or inhibiting ferroptosis. This review systematically describes the NVU in ischemic stroke, provides a comprehensive overview of the regulatory mechanisms and key regulators of ferroptosis, and uncovers the role of ferroptosis in the NVU and the progression of ischemic stroke. We further discuss the latest progress in the intervention of ferroptosis as a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke and summarize the research progress and regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis inhibitors on stroke. In conclusion, ferroptosis, as a new form of cell death, plays a key role in ischemic stroke and is expected to become a new therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingze Wei
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Basic Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Kaidi Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Application & Translation of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Research Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Ye S, Pan H, Li W, Wang B, Xing J, Xu L. High serum amyloid A predicts risk of cognitive impairment after lacunar infarction: Development and validation of a nomogram. Front Neurol 2022; 13:972771. [PMID: 36090853 PMCID: PMC9449353 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.972771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) after lacunar infarction was worth attention in recent years. An easy-to-use score model to predict the risk of PSCI was rare. This study aimed to explore the association between serum amyloid A (SAA) and cognitive impairment, and it also developed a nomogram for predicting the risk of PSCI in lacunar infarction patients. Methods A total of 313 patients with lacunar infarction were enrolled in this retrospective study between January 2021 and December 2021. They were divided into a training set and a validation set at 70%:30% randomly. The Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was performed to identify cognitive impairment 3 months after discharge. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the independent risk factors for PSCI in the training set. A nomogram was developed based on the five variables, and the calibration curve and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were drawn to assess the predictive ability of the nomogram between the training set and the validation set. The decision curve analysis (DCA) was also conducted in both sets. Results In total, 52/313 (16.61%) participants were identified with PSCI. The SAA levels in patients with PSCI were significantly higher than non-PSCI patients in the training set (P < 0.001). After multivariate analysis, age, diabetes mellitus, white blood count, cystatin C, and SAA were independent risk predictors of PSCI. The nomogram demonstrated a good discrimination performance between the training set (AUC = 0.860) and the validation set (AUC = 0.811). The DCA showed that the nomogram had a well clinical utility in the two sets. Conclusion The increased SAA is associated with PSCI in lacunar infarction patients, and the nomogram developed with SAA can increase prognostic information for the early detection of PSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ye
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Huiqing Pan
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Weijia Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jingjing Xing
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- *Correspondence: Li Xu
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Study on the Mechanism of Üstikuddus Sherbiti in Ischemic Cerebrovascular Diseases: Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5581864. [PMID: 35432563 PMCID: PMC9012636 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5581864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to study the potential biological mechanism of Üstikuddus Sherbiti (ÜS) in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases (ICVD) by the network pharmacology method. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database was used to obtain effective constituents of ÜS by screening eligible oral utilization, drug similarity, and blood-brain barrier permeability threshold. By drug target prediction and stroke treatment target mining, 2 target data sets were analyzed to find intersection targets and the corresponding constituents were used as active constituents. An active constituent target network and an effective constituent target network were constructed by using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. Degree parameters of the effective constituent target network were analyzed to find important effective constituents and targets. Through protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, potential signaling pathways of ÜS in ischemic stroke were found out. AutoDock was used for molecular docking verification. A total of 90 active constituents of ÜS were screened out. There were 10 active constituents against ICVD, including quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, and naringenin, and 10 important targets for anticerebral ischemia, namely, PIK3CA, APP, PIK3R1, MAPK1, MAPK3, AKT1, PRKCD, Fyn, RAC1, and NF-κB1. Based on the protein interaction network, the important targets of ÜS were significantly enriched in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, Ras signaling pathway, etc. ÜS in ICVD has characteristics like multiple targets, multiple approaches, and multiple pathways. Results of molecular docking showed that the active components in ICVD had a good binding ability with the key targets. Its main biological mechanism may be related to the PI3K-Akt and Ras-MAPK centered signaling pathway. Our study demonstrated that ÜS exerted the effect of treating ICVD by regulating multiple targets and multiple channels with multiple components through the method of network pharmacology and molecular docking.
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Circulating Non-coding RNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1572-1585. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-01991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Huang LY, Song JX, Cai H, Wang PP, Yin QL, Zhang YD, Chen J, Li M, Song JJ, Wang YL, Luo L, Wang W, Qi SH. Healthy Serum-Derived Exosomes Improve Neurological Outcomes and Protect Blood–Brain Barrier by Inhibiting Endothelial Cell Apoptosis and Reversing Autophagy-Mediated Tight Junction Protein Reduction in Rat Stroke Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:841544. [PMID: 35308117 PMCID: PMC8927286 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.841544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction causing edema and hemorrhagic transformation is one of the pathophysiological characteristics of stroke. Protection of BBB integrity has shown great potential in improving stroke outcome. Here, we assessed the efficacy of exosomes extracted from healthy rat serum in protection against ischemic stroke in vivo and in vitro. Exosomes were isolated by gradient centrifugation and ultracentrifugation and exosomes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking video microscope. Exosomes were applied to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats or brain microvascular endothelial cell line (bEnd.3) subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury. Serum-derived exosomes were injected intravenously into adult male rats 2 h after transient MCAO. Infarct volume and gross cognitive function were assessed 24 h after reperfusion. Poststroke rats treated with serum-derived exosomes exhibited significantly reduced infarct volumes and enhanced neurological function. Apoptosis was assessed via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining and the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 24 h after injury. Our data showed that serum exosomes treatment strikingly decreased TUNEL+ cells in the striatum, enhanced the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax, and inhibited cleaved caspase-3 production in MCAO rats and OGD/reoxygenation insulted bEnd.3 cells. Under the consistent treatment, the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B-II (LC3B-II), LC3B-I, and Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1)/p62 was detected by Western blotting. Autolysosomes were observed via TEM. We found that serum exosomes reversed the ratio of LC3B-II to LC3B-I, prevented SQSTM1/p62 degradation, autolysosome formation, and autophagic flux. Together, these results indicated that exosomes isolated from healthy serum provided neuroprotection against experimental stroke partially via inhibition of endothelial cell apoptosis and autophagy-mediated BBB breakdown. Intravenous serum-derived exosome treatment may, therefore, provide a novel clinical therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yan Huang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Song
- Pharmacology College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Heng Cai
- Pharmacology College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Pei-Pei Wang
- Pharmacology College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qi-Long Yin
- Pharmacology College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yi-De Zhang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jia Song
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Su-Hua Qi
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Pharmacology College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Su-Hua Qi,
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Li M, Yin H, Yan Z, Li H, Wu J, Wang Y, Wei F, Tian G, Ning C, Li H, Gao C, Fu L, Jiang S, Chen M, Sui X, Liu S, Chen Z, Guo Q. The immune microenvironment in cartilage injury and repair. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:23-42. [PMID: 34896634 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of articular cartilage to repair itself is limited because it lacks blood vessels, nerves, and lymph tissue. Once damaged, it can lead to joint swelling and pain, accelerating the progression of osteoarthritis. To date, complete regeneration of hyaline cartilage exhibiting mechanical properties remains an elusive goal, despite the many available technologies. The inflammatory milieu created by cartilage damage is critical for chondrocyte death and hypertrophy, extracellular matrix breakdown, ectopic bone formation, and progression of cartilage injury to osteoarthritis. In the inflammatory microenvironment, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) undergo aberrant differentiation, and chondrocytes begin to convert or dedifferentiate into cells with a fibroblast phenotype, thereby resulting in fibrocartilage with poor mechanical qualities. All these factors suggest that inflammatory problems may be a major stumbling block to cartilage repair. To produce a milieu conducive to cartilage repair, multi-dimensional management of the joint inflammatory microenvironment in place and time is required. Therefore, this calls for elucidation of the immune microenvironment of cartilage repair after injury. This review provides a brief overview of: (1) the pathogenesis of cartilage injury; (2) immune cells in cartilage injury and repair; (3) effects of inflammatory cytokines on cartilage repair; (4) clinical strategies for treating cartilage defects; and (5) strategies for targeted immunoregulation in cartilage repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Immune response is increasingly considered the key factor affecting cartilage repair. It has both negative and positive regulatory effects on the process of regeneration and repair. Proinflammatory factors are secreted in large numbers, and necrotic cartilage is removed. During the repair period, immune cells can secrete anti-inflammatory factors and chondrogenic cytokines, which can inhibit inflammation and promote cartilage repair. However, inflammatory factors persist, which accelerate the degradation of the cartilage matrix. Furthermore, in an inflammatory microenvironment, MSCs undergo abnormal differentiation, and chondrocytes begin to transform or dedifferentiate into fibroblast-like cells, forming fibrocartilage with poor mechanical properties. Consequently, cartilage regeneration requires multi-dimensional regulation of the joint inflammatory microenvironment in space and time to make it conducive to cartilage regeneration.
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Fukuta T, Oku N, Kogure K. Application and Utility of Liposomal Neuroprotective Agents and Biomimetic Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020361. [PMID: 35214092 PMCID: PMC8877231 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is still one of the leading causes of high mortality and severe disability worldwide. Therapeutic options for ischemic stroke and subsequent cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury remain limited due to challenges associated with drug permeability through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Neuroprotectant delivery with nanoparticles, including liposomes, offers a promising solution to address this problem, as BBB disruption following ischemic stroke allows nanoparticles to pass through the intercellular gaps between endothelial cells. To ameliorate ischemic brain damage, a number of nanotherapeutics encapsulating neuroprotective agents, as well as surface-modified nanoparticles with specific ligands targeting the injured brain regions, have been developed. Combination therapy with nanoparticles encapsulating neuroprotectants and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), a globally approved thrombolytic agent, has been demonstrated to extend the narrow therapeutic time window of t-PA. In addition, the design of biomimetic drug delivery systems (DDS) employing circulating cells (e.g., leukocytes, platelets) with unique properties has recently been investigated to overcome the injured BBB, utilizing these cells’ inherent capability to penetrate the ischemic brain. Herein, we review recent findings on the application and utility of nanoparticle DDS, particularly liposomes, and various approaches to developing biomimetic DDS functionalized with cellular membranes/membrane proteins for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Fukuta
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichiban-cho, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan
| | - Naoto Oku
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi 1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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Shan W, Xu L, Xu Y, Qiu Z, Feng J, Zhao J, Wang J. Leukoaraiosis Mediates the Association of Total White Blood Cell Count With Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment. Front Neurol 2022; 12:793435. [PMID: 35185753 PMCID: PMC8852802 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.793435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The inflammatory response could play a key role in cognitive impairment. However, there has been limited research into the association between total white blood cell (WBC) count and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), and the significance of leukoaraiosis (LA) in this relationship is unknown. We aimed to examine the total WBC count in relation to PSCI and whether this association was mediated by LA. Methods Consecutive patients with first-ever ischemic stroke were prospectively enrolled from October 2020 to June 2021. The total WBC count was measured after admission. Cognitive function evaluations were performed at the 3-month follow-up using Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). We defined the PSCI as an MMSE score <27. Results A total of 276 patients (mean age, 66.5 years; 54.7% male) were included in this analysis. Among them, 137 (49.6%) patients experienced PSCI. After adjustment for potential confounders, higher total WBC count was significantly correlated with an increased risk of LA [per 1-SD increase, odds ratio (OR), 1.39; 95% CI 1.06–1.82; p = 0.017] and PSCI (per 1-SD increase, OR, 1.51; 95% CI 1.12–2.04; p = 0.006). Furthermore, mediation analysis demonstrated that the association between total WBC count and PSCI was partly mediated by LA (the regression coefficient was changed by 9.7% for PSCI, and 12.4% for PSCI severity, respectively). Conclusion Increased total WBC count is a risk factor for PSCI. The presence of LA was partially responsible for the PSCI in patients who had a higher total WBC count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Shan
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhuoyin Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Gerontology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jie Zhao
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingwen Wang
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24
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Zhao Y, Zhang X, Chen X, Wei Y. Neuronal injuries in cerebral infarction and ischemic stroke: From mechanisms to treatment (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 49:15. [PMID: 34878154 PMCID: PMC8711586 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disabilities and cognitive deficits, accounting for 5.2% of all mortalities worldwide. Transient or permanent occlusion of cerebral vessels leads to ischemic strokes, which constitutes the majority of strokes. Ischemic strokes induce brain infarcts, along with cerebral tissue death and focal neuronal damage. The infarct size and neurological severity after ischemic stroke episodes depends on the time period since occurrence, the severity of ischemia, systemic blood pressure, vein systems and location of infarcts, amongst others. Ischemic stroke is a complex disease, and neuronal injuries after ischemic strokes have been the focus of current studies. The present review will provide a basic pathological background of ischemic stroke and cerebral infarcts. Moreover, the major mechanisms underlying ischemic stroke and neuronal injuries are summarized. This review will also briefly summarize some representative clinical trials and up-to-date treatments that have been applied to stroke and brain infarcts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Shanghai Licheng Bio‑Technique Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201900, P.R. China
| | - Xinye Chen
- Shanghai Licheng Bio‑Technique Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201900, P.R. China
| | - Yun Wei
- Shanghai Licheng Bio‑Technique Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201900, P.R. China
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25
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Chen C, Huang T, Zhai X, Ma Y, Xie L, Lu B, Zhang Y, Li Y, Chen Z, Yin J, Li P. Targeting neutrophils as a novel therapeutic strategy after stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2150-2161. [PMID: 33691513 PMCID: PMC8393299 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is followed by an intricate immune interaction involving the engagement of multiple immune cells, including neutrophils. As one of the first responders recruited to the brain, the crucial roles of neutrophils in the ischemic brain damage are receiving increasing attention in recent years. Notably, neutrophils are not homogenous, and yet there is still a lack of full knowledge about the extent and impact of neutrophil heterogeneity. The biological understanding of the neutrophil response to both innate and pathological conditions is rapidly evolving as single-cell-RNA sequencing uncovers overall neutrophil profiling across maturation and differentiation contexts. In this review, we scrutinize the latest research that points to the multifaceted role of neutrophils in different conditions and summarize the regulatory signals that may determine neutrophil diversity. In addition, we list several potential targets or therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophils to limit brain damage following ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhu Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yezhi Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lv Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingwei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueman Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiemin Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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26
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Zhu H, Jian Z, Zhong Y, Ye Y, Zhang Y, Hu X, Pu B, Gu L, Xiong X. Janus Kinase Inhibition Ameliorates Ischemic Stroke Injury and Neuroinflammation Through Reducing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via JAK2/STAT3 Pathway Inhibition. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714943. [PMID: 34367186 PMCID: PMC8339584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory responses play a multiphase role in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemic stroke (IS). Ruxolitinib (Rux), a selective oral JAK 1/2 inhibitor, reduces inflammatory responses via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Based on its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, we hypothesized that it may have a protective effect against stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate whether inhibition of JAK2 has a neuroprotective effect on ischemic stroke and to explore the potential molecular mechanisms. Methods Rux, MCC950 or vehicle was applied to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice in vivo and an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in vitro. After 3 days of reperfusion, neurological deficit scores, infarct volume and brain water content were assessed. Immunofluorescence staining and western blots were used to measure the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components. The infiltrating cells were investigated by flow cytometry. Proinflammatory cytokines were assessed by RT-qPCR. The expression of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway was measured by western blots. Local STAT3 deficiency in brain tissue was established with a lentiviral vector carrying STAT3 shRNA, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were used to investigate the interplay between NLRP3 and STAT3 signaling. Results Rux treatment improved neurological scores, decreased the infarct size and ameliorated cerebral edema 3 days after stroke. In addition, immunofluorescence staining and western blots showed that Rux application inhibited the expression of proteins related to the NLRP3 inflammasome and phosphorylated STAT3 (P-STAT3) in neurons and microglia/macrophages. Furthermore, Rux administration inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, HMGB1, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6, suggesting that Rux may alleviate IS injury by inhibiting proinflammatory reactions via JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway regulation. Infiltrating macrophages, B, T, cells were also reduced by Rux. Local STAT3 deficiency in brain tissue decreased histone H3 and H4 acetylation on the NLRP3 promoter and NLRP3 inflammasome component expression, indicating that the NLRP3 inflammasome may be directly regulated by STAT3 signaling. Rux application suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome secretion and JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation in the OGD/R model in vitro. Conclusion JAK2 inhibition by Rux in MCAO mice decreased STAT3 phosphorylation, thus inhibiting the expression of downstream proinflammatory cytokines and the acetylation of histones H3 and H4 on the NLRP3 promoter, resulting in the downregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingze Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyao Hu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei Pu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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27
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Qiu YM, Zhang CL, Chen AQ, Wang HL, Zhou YF, Li YN, Hu B. Immune Cells in the BBB Disruption After Acute Ischemic Stroke: Targets for Immune Therapy? Front Immunol 2021; 12:678744. [PMID: 34248961 PMCID: PMC8260997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.678744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) disruption is an important pathophysiological process of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), resulting in devastating malignant brain edema and hemorrhagic transformation. The rapid activation of immune cells plays a critical role in BBB disruption after ischemic stroke. Infiltrating blood-borne immune cells (neutrophils, monocytes, and T lymphocytes) increase BBB permeability, as they cause microvascular disorder and secrete inflammation-associated molecules. In contrast, they promote BBB repair and angiogenesis in the latter phase of ischemic stroke. The profound immunological effects of cerebral immune cells (microglia, astrocytes, and pericytes) on BBB disruption have been underestimated in ischemic stroke. Post-stroke microglia and astrocytes can adopt both an M1/A1 or M2/A2 phenotype, which influence BBB integrity differently. However, whether pericytes acquire microglia phenotype and exert immunological effects on the BBB remains controversial. Thus, better understanding the inflammatory mechanism underlying BBB disruption can lead to the identification of more promising biological targets to develop treatments that minimize the onset of life-threatening complications and to improve existing treatments in patients. However, early attempts to inhibit the infiltration of circulating immune cells into the brain by blocking adhesion molecules, that were successful in experimental stroke failed in clinical trials. Therefore, new immunoregulatory therapeutic strategies for acute ischemic stroke are desperately warranted. Herein, we highlight the role of circulating and cerebral immune cells in BBB disruption and the crosstalk between them following acute ischemic stroke. Using a robust theoretical background, we discuss potential and effective immunotherapeutic targets to regulate BBB permeability after acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ya-nan Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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28
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Quintana D, Ren X, Hu H, Corbin D, Engler-Chiurazzi E, Alvi M, Simpkins J. IL-1β Antibody Protects Brain from Neuropathology of Hypoperfusion. Cells 2021; 10:855. [PMID: 33918659 PMCID: PMC8069995 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic brain hypoperfusion is the primary cause of vascular dementia and has been implicated in the development of white matter disease and lacunar infarcts. Cerebral hypoperfusion leads to a chronic state of brain inflammation with immune cell activation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β. In the present study, we induced chronic, progressive brain hypoperfusion in mice using ameroid constrictor, arterial stenosis (ACAS) surgery and tested the efficacy of an IL-1β antibody on the resulting brain damage. We observed that ACAS surgery causes a reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) of about 30% and grey and white matter damage in and around the hippocampus. The IL-1β antibody treatment did not significantly affect CBF but largely eliminated grey matter damage and reduced white matter damage caused by ACAS surgery. Over the course of hypoperfusion/injury, grip strength, coordination, and memory-related behavior were not significantly affected by ACAS surgery or antibody treatment. We conclude that antibody neutralization of IL-1β is protective from the brain damage caused by chronic, progressive brain hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Quintana
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.Q.); (X.R.); (H.H.); (D.C.); (E.E.-C.)
| | - Xuefang Ren
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.Q.); (X.R.); (H.H.); (D.C.); (E.E.-C.)
| | - Heng Hu
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.Q.); (X.R.); (H.H.); (D.C.); (E.E.-C.)
| | - Deborah Corbin
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.Q.); (X.R.); (H.H.); (D.C.); (E.E.-C.)
| | - Elizabeth Engler-Chiurazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.Q.); (X.R.); (H.H.); (D.C.); (E.E.-C.)
| | - Muhammad Alvi
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - James Simpkins
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.Q.); (X.R.); (H.H.); (D.C.); (E.E.-C.)
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
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29
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Mamtilahun M, Jiang L, Song Y, Shi X, Liu C, Jiang Y, Deng L, Zheng H, Shen H, Li Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Tang Y, Yang GY. Plasma from healthy donors protects blood-brain barrier integrity via FGF21 and improves the recovery in a mouse model of cerebral ischaemia. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2021; 6:561-571. [PMID: 33785536 PMCID: PMC8717795 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthy plasma therapy reverses cognitive deficits and promotes neuroplasticity in ageing brain disease. However, whether healthy plasma therapy improve blood–brain barrier integrity after stroke remains unknown. Methods Here, we intravenously injected healthy female mouse plasma into adult female ischaemic stroke C57BL/6 mouse induced by 90 min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for eight consecutive days. Infarct volume, brain atrophy and neurobehavioural tests were examined to assess the outcomes of plasma treatment. Cell apoptosis, blood–brain barrier integrity and fibroblast growth factor 21 knockout mice were used to explore the underlying mechanism. Results Plasma injection improved neurobehavioural recovery and decreased infarct volume, brain oedema and atrophy after stroke. Immunostaining showed that the number of transferase dUTP nick end labelling+/NeuN+ cells decreased in the plasma-injected group. Meanwhile, plasma injection reduced ZO-1, occluding and claudin-5 tight junction gap formation and IgG extravasation at 3 days after ischaemic stroke. Western blot results showed that the FGF21 expression increased in the plasma-injected mice. However, using FGF21 knockout mouse plasma injecting to the ischaemic wild-type mice diminished the neuroprotective effects. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that healthy adult plasma treatment protected the structural and functional integrity of blood–brain barrier, reduced neuronal apoptosis and improved functional recovery via FGF21, opening a new avenue for ischaemic stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyassar Mamtilahun
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaying Song
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Shi
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixu Jiang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Lidong Deng
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoran Zheng
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaohui Tang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China .,Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
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30
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Wang Y, Zhao G, Chi H, Yang S, Niu Q, Wu D, Cao W, Li T, Ma H, Wei Q. Self-Luminescent Lanthanide Metal-Organic Frameworks as Signal Probes in Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:504-512. [PMID: 33370533 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The successful use of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) in immunoassay for clinical diagnosis requires development of novel ECL signal probes. Herein, we report lanthanide (Ln) metal-organic frameworks (LMOFs) as ECL signal emitters in the ECL immunoassay. The LMOFs were prepared from precursors containing Eu (III) ions and 5-boronoisophthalic acid (5-bop), which could be utilized to adjust optical properties. Investigations of ECL emission mechanisms revealed that 5-bop was excited with ultraviolet photons to generate a triplet-state, which then triggered Eu (III) ions for red emission. The electron-deficient boric acid decreased the energy-transfer efficiency from the triplet-state of 5-bop to Eu (III) ions; consequently, both were excited with high-efficiency at single excitation. In addition, by progressively tailoring the atomic ratios of Ni/Fe, NiFe composites (Ni/Fe 1:1) were synthesized with more available active sites, enhanced stability, and excellent conductivity. As a result, the self-luminescent europium LMOFs displayed excellent performance characteristics in an ECL immunoassay with a minimum detectable limit of 0.126 pg mL-1, using Cytokeratins21-1 (cyfra21-1) as the target detection model. The probability of false positive/false negative was reduced dramatically by using LMOFs as signal probes. This proposed strategy provides more possibilities for the application of lanthanide metals in analytical chemistry, especially in the detection of other disease markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoguang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhui Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Chi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghong Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfen Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianduo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
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