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Kraus A, Skoczynski K, Brötsch M, Burzlaff N, Leipziger J, Schiffer M, Büttner-Herold M, Buchholz B. P2Y2R and Cyst Growth in Polycystic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024:00001751-990000000-00348. [PMID: 38848134 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by continuous cyst growth, which results in a decline in kidney function.Deletion of P2Y2R and pharmacological antagonism of purinergic signaling significantly reduced cyst growth in an orthologous PKD mouse model.P2Y2R was expressed in cysts of human PKD nephrectomies, which makes P2Y2R a reasonable target for treatment of PKD.
Background
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by multiple bilateral kidney cysts that gradually enlarge, resulting in a decline in kidney function. Cyst growth is significantly driven by ATP-dependent chloride secretion mediated by the ion channel TMEM16A. This pathway is further augmented in advanced stages of the disease by hypoxia and activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. The mechanisms by which ATP leads to activation of TMEM16A and how HIF-1α contributes to cyst growth in vivo have remained elusive.
Methods
Mice with an inducible tubule-specific deletion of Pkd1 were compared with mice with an additional codeletion of the purinergic receptor P2y2r. Furthermore, animals were challenged by pharmacological activation of HIF-1α and Pkd1-deficient mice were treated with suramin, an antagonist of purinergic signaling. In addition, expression of P2Y2R, TMEM16A, and HIF-1α was analyzed in nephrectomy samples from 27 patients with ADPKD.
Results
Genetic deletion of P2y2r significantly inhibited cyst growth in vivo. In addition, aggravation of the polycystic phenotype mediated by pharmacological activation of HIF-1α was reduced by deletion of P2y2r. Application of suramin to pharmacologically inhibit purinergic signaling also suppressed cyst enlargement in vivo. Analysis of kidney samples from 27 patients with ADPKD revealed significant expression of P2Y2R at the luminal site of the cyst-lining epithelium.
Conclusions
P2Y2R was significantly expressed in human and mouse polycystic kidneys. Deletion and antagonism of P2Y2R reduced cyst enlargement in an ADPKD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Kraus
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Skoczynski
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Brötsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Burzlaff
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Leipziger
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
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Schreiber R, Ousingsawat J, Kunzelmann K. The anoctamins: Structure and function. Cell Calcium 2024; 120:102885. [PMID: 38642428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
When activated by increase in intracellular Ca2+, anoctamins (TMEM16 proteins) operate as phospholipid scramblases and as ion channels. Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) is the Ca2+-activated epithelial anion-selective channel that is coexpressed together with the abundant scramblase ANO6 and additional intracellular anoctamins. In salivary and pancreatic glands, ANO1 is tightly packed in the apical membrane and secretes Cl-. Epithelia of airways and gut use cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) as an apical Cl- exit pathway while ANO1 supports Cl- secretion mainly by facilitating activation of luminal CFTR and basolateral K+ channels. Under healthy conditions ANO1 modulates intracellular Ca2+ signals by tethering the endoplasmic reticulum, and except of glands its direct secretory contribution as Cl- channel might be small, compared to CFTR. In the kidneys ANO1 supports proximal tubular acid secretion and protein reabsorption and probably helps to excrete HCO3-in the collecting duct epithelium. However, under pathological conditions as in polycystic kidney disease, ANO1 is strongly upregulated and may cause enhanced proliferation and cyst growth. Under pathological condition, ANO1 and ANO6 are upregulated and operate as secretory channel/phospholipid scramblases, partly by supporting Ca2+-dependent processes. Much less is known about the role of other epithelial anoctamins whose potential functions are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Han Z, Luo Y, Chen H, Zhang G, You L, Zhang M, Lin Y, Yuan L, Zhou S. A Deep Insight into Ferroptosis in Renal Disease: Facts and Perspectives. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 10:224-236. [PMID: 38835406 PMCID: PMC11149998 DOI: 10.1159/000538106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Background Ferroptosis, a newly recognized form of programmed cell death, is distinguished by its reliance on reactive oxygen species and iron-mediated lipid peroxidation, setting it apart from established types like apoptosis, cell necrosis, and autophagy. Recent studies suggest its role in exacerbating or mitigating diseases by influencing metabolic and signaling pathways in conditions such as tumors and ischemic organ damage. Evidence also links ferroptosis to various kidney diseases, prompting a review of its research status and potential breakthroughs in understanding and treating these conditions. Summary In acute kidney disease (AKI), ferroptosis has been confirmed in animal kidneys after being induced by various factors such as renal ischemia-reperfusion and cisplatin, and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is linked with AKI. Ferroptosis is associated with renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD), TGF-β1 being crucial in this regard. In diabetic nephropathy (DN), high SLC7A11 and low nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) expressions are linked to disease progression. For polycystic kidney disease (PKD), ferroptosis promotes the disease by regulating ferroptosis in kidney tissue. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and lupus nephritis (LN) also have links to ferroptosis, with mtDNA and iron accumulation causing RCC and oxidative stress causing LN. Key Messages Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of programmed cell death that is associated with various diseases. It targets metabolic and signaling pathways and has been linked to kidney diseases such as AKI, CKD, PKD, DN, LN, and clear cell RCC. Understanding its role in these diseases could lead to breakthroughs in their pathogenesis, etiology, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Han
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanke Luo
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guochen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Luling You
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiqi Zhang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumeng Lin
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Yuan
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Skoczynski K, Kraus A, Daniel C, Büttner-Herold M, Amann K, Schiffer M, Hermann K, Herrnberger-Eimer L, Tamm ER, Buchholz B. The extracellular matrix protein fibronectin promotes metanephric kidney development. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:963-974. [PMID: 38563997 PMCID: PMC11139724 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Complex interactions of the branching ureteric bud (UB) and surrounding mesenchymal cells during metanephric kidney development determine the final number of nephrons. Impaired nephron endowment predisposes to arterial hypertension and chronic kidney disease. In the kidney, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are usually regarded as acellular scaffolds or as the common histological end-point of chronic kidney diseases. Since only little is known about their physiological role in kidney development, we aimed for analyzing the expression and role of fibronectin. In mouse, fibronectin was expressed during all stages of kidney development with significant changes over time. At embryonic day (E) 12.5 and E13.5, fibronectin lined the UB epithelium, which became less pronounced at E16.5 and then switched to a glomerular expression in the postnatal and adult kidneys. Similar results were obtained in human kidneys. Deletion of fibronectin at E13.5 in cultured metanephric mouse kidneys resulted in reduced kidney sizes and impaired glomerulogenesis following reduced cell proliferation and branching of the UB epithelium. Fibronectin colocalized with alpha 8 integrin and fibronectin loss caused a reduction in alpha 8 integrin expression, release of glial-derived neurotrophic factor and expression of Wnt11, both of which are promoters of UB branching. In conclusion, the ECM protein fibronectin acts as a regulator of kidney development and is a determinant of the final nephron number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Skoczynski
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andre Kraus
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Hermann
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Ernst R Tamm
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bjoern Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Wang F, Zhang Y, Gao M, Zeng X. TMEM16A inhibits renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis via Wnt/β-catenin signaling during hypertension nephropathy. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111088. [PMID: 38316267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Hypertensive nephropathy is the second leading cause of end-stage renal disease, but its underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether transmembrane protein 16 A (TMEM16A), the molecular basis of calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCC), is involved in the development and progression of hypertensive nephropathy. METHODS In vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted using a hypertensive murine model and human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells), respectively. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS The expression of TMEM16A was down-regulated in renal samples of hypertensive nephropathy patients and hypertensive model mice, accompanied by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) such as Fibronectin, Laminin, Collagen I and Collagen III, the up-regulation of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, and the decrease of E-cadherin. Overexpression of TMEM16A or knockdown of TMEM16A inhibited or promoted the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway proteins Wnt3a, LRP5 and active β-catenin in HK-2 cells, preventing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubules, and the synthesis of ECM components. CONCLUSION In angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertensive nephropathy, TMEM16A was identified as a key player inhibiting the detrimental changes in renal tubules, suggesting a potential avenue for mitigating renal damage in hypertensive nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Xuelin Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Creening and Translational Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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Huang Y, Wang J, Mancino V, Pham J, O’Grady C, Li H, Jiang K, Chin D, Poon C, Ho PY, Gyarmati G, Peti-Peterdi J, Hallows KR, Chung EJ. Oral delivery of nanomedicine for genetic kidney disease. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae187. [PMID: 38807632 PMCID: PMC11131023 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Chronic and genetic kidney diseases such as autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) have few therapeutic options, and clinical trials testing small molecule drugs have been unfavorable due to low kidney bioavailability and adverse side effects. Although nanoparticles can be designed to deliver drugs directly to the diseased site, there are no kidney-targeted nanomedicines clinically available, and most FDA-approved nanoparticles are administered intravenously which is not ideal for chronic diseases. To meet these challenges of chronic diseases, we developed a biomaterials-based strategy using chitosan particles (CP) for oral delivery of therapeutic, kidney-targeting peptide amphiphile micelles (KMs). We hypothesized that encapsuling KMs into CP would enhance the bioavailability of KMs upon oral administration given the high stability of chitosan in acidic conditions and mucoadhesive properties enabling absorption within the intestines. To test this, we evaluated the mechanism of KM access to the kidneys via intravital imaging and investigated the KM biodistribution in a porcine model. Next, we loaded KMs carrying the ADPKD drug metformin into CP (KM-CP-met) and measured in vitro therapeutic effect. Upon oral administration in vivo, KM-CP-met showed significantly greater bioavailability and accumulation in the kidneys as compared to KM only or free drug. As such, KM-CP-met treatment in ADPKD mice (Pkd1fl/fl;Pax8-rtTA;Tet-O-Cre which develops the disease over 120 days and mimics the slow development of ADPKD) showed enhanced therapeutic efficacy without affecting safety despite repeated treatment. Herein, we demonstrate the potential of KM-CP as a nanomedicine strategy for oral delivery for the long-term treatment of chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jonathan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Valeria Mancino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jessica Pham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Colette O’Grady
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kairui Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Deborah Chin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Christopher Poon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Pei-Yin Ho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Georgina Gyarmati
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, and Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - János Peti-Peterdi
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, and Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kenneth R Hallows
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Ousingsawat J, Centeio R, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. Niclosamide, but not ivermectin, inhibits anoctamin 1 and 6 and attenuates inflammation of the respiratory tract. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:211-227. [PMID: 37979051 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02878-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory airway diseases like cystic fibrosis, asthma and COVID-19 are characterized by high levels of pulmonary cytokines. Two well-established antiparasitic drugs, niclosamide and ivermectin, are intensively discussed for the treatment of viral inflammatory airway infections. Here, we examined these repurposed drugs with respect to their anti-inflammatory effects in airways in vivo and in vitro. Niclosamide reduced mucus content, eosinophilic infiltration and cell death in asthmatic mouse lungs in vivo and inhibited release of interleukins in the two differentiated airway epithelial cell lines CFBE and BCi-NS1.1 in vitro. Cytokine release was also inhibited by the knockdown of the Ca2+-activated Cl- channel anoctamin 1 (ANO1, TMEM16A) and the phospholipid scramblase anoctamin 6 (ANO6, TMEM16F), which have previously been shown to affect intracellular Ca2+ levels near the plasma membrane and to facilitate exocytosis. At concentrations around 200 nM, niclosamide inhibited inflammation, lowered intracellular Ca2+, acidified cytosolic pH and blocked activation of ANO1 and ANO6. It is suggested that niclosamide brings about its anti-inflammatory effects at least in part by inhibiting ANO1 and ANO6, and by lowering intracellular Ca2+ levels. In contrast to niclosamide, 1 µM ivermectin did not exert any of the effects described for niclosamide. The present data suggest niclosamide as an effective anti-inflammatory treatment in CF, asthma, and COVID-19, in addition to its previously reported antiviral effects. It has an advantageous concentration-response relationship and is known to be well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Germany University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Centeio
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Germany University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Germany University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Germany University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Ousingsawat J, Centeio R, Reyne N, McCarron A, Cmielewski P, Schreiber R, diStefano G, Römermann D, Seidler U, Donnelley M, Kunzelmann K. Inhibition of mucus secretion by niclosamide and benzbromarone in airways and intestine. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1464. [PMID: 38233410 PMCID: PMC10794189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51397-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+ activated Cl- channel TMEM16A (anoctamin 1; ANO1) is expressed in secretory epithelial cells of airways and intestine. Previous studies provided evidence for a role of ANO1 in mucus secretion. In the present study we investigated the effects of the two ANO1-inhibitors niclosamide (Niclo) and benzbromarone (Benz) in vitro and in vivo in mouse models for cystic fibrosis (CF) and asthma. In human CF airway epithelial cells (CFBE), Ca2+ increase and activation of ANO1 by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or ionomycin was strongly inhibited by 200 nM Niclo and 1 µM Benz. In asthmatic mice airway mucus secretion was inhibited by intratracheal instillation of Niclo or Benz. In homozygous F508del-cftr mice, intestinal mucus secretion and infiltration by CD45-positive cells was inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of Niclo (13 mg/kg/day for 7 days). In homozygous F508del-cftr rats intestinal mucus secretion was inhibited by oral application of Benz (5 mg/kg/day for 60 days). Taken together, well tolerated therapeutic concentrations of niclosamide and benzbromarone corresponding to plasma levels of treated patients, inhibit ANO1 and intracellular Ca2+ signals and may therefore be useful in inhibiting mucus hypersecretion and mucus obstruction in airways and intestine of patients suffering from asthma and CF, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Centeio
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Reyne
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexandra McCarron
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Patricia Cmielewski
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gabriella diStefano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorothee Römermann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ursula Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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9
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Ji JL, Li JY, Liang JX, Zhou Y, Liu CC, Zhang Y, Zhang AQ, Liu H, Ma RX, Li ZL. Tubular TMEM16A promotes tubulointerstitial fibrosis by suppressing PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis in diabetic kidney disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:347. [PMID: 37943391 PMCID: PMC11072291 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) plays a crucial role in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. The present study aimed to examine whether transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A), a Ca2+-activated chloride channel, contributes to the development of TIF in DKD. Interestingly, we found that TMEM16A expression was significantly up-regulated in tubule of murine model of DKD, which was associated with development of TIF. In vivo inhibition of TMEM16A channel activity with specific inhibitors Ani9 effectively protects against TIF. Then, we found that TMEM16A activation induces tubular mitochondrial dysfunction in in vivo and in vitro models, with the evidence of the TMEM16A inhibition with specific inhibitor. Mechanically, TMEM16A mediated tubular mitochondrial dysfunction through inhibiting PGC-1α, whereas overexpression of PGC-1α could rescue the changes. In addition, TMEM16A-induced fibrogenesis was dependent on increased intracellular Cl-, and reducing intracellular Cl- significantly blunted high glucose-induced PGC-1α and profibrotic factors expression. Taken together, our studies demonstrated that tubular TMEM16A promotes TIF by suppressing PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis in DKD. Blockade of TMEM16A may serve as a novel therapeutic approach to ameliorate TIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ling Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Ying Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Xiang Liang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cong-Cong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ai-Qing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Rui-Xia Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Zuo-Lin Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Kunzelmann K, Ousingsawat J, Kraus A, Park JH, Marquardt T, Schreiber R, Buchholz B. Pathogenic Relationships in Cystic Fibrosis and Renal Diseases: CFTR, SLC26A9 and Anoctamins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13278. [PMID: 37686084 PMCID: PMC10487509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cl--transporting proteins CFTR, SLC26A9, and anoctamin (ANO1; ANO6) appear to have more in common than initially suspected, as they all participate in the pathogenic process and clinical outcomes of airway and renal diseases. In the present review, we will therefore concentrate on recent findings concerning electrolyte transport in the airways and kidneys, and the role of CFTR, SLC26A9, and the anoctamins ANO1 and ANO6. Special emphasis will be placed on cystic fibrosis and asthma, as well as renal alkalosis and polycystic kidney disease. In essence, we will summarize recent evidence indicating that CFTR is the only relevant secretory Cl- channel in airways under basal (nonstimulated) conditions and after stimulation by secretagogues. Information is provided on the expressions of ANO1 and ANO6, which are important for the correct expression and function of CFTR. In addition, there is evidence that the Cl- transporter SLC26A9 expressed in the airways may have a reabsorptive rather than a Cl--secretory function. In the renal collecting ducts, bicarbonate secretion occurs through a synergistic action of CFTR and the Cl-/HCO3- transporter SLC26A4 (pendrin), which is probably supported by ANO1. Finally, in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the secretory function of CFTR in renal cyst formation may have been overestimated, whereas ANO1 and ANO6 have now been shown to be crucial in ADPKD and therefore represent new pharmacological targets for the treatment of polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.S.)
| | - Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.S.)
| | - Andre Kraus
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Julien H. Park
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.H.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.H.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.S.)
| | - Björn Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.B.)
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11
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Cox A, Tung M, Li H, Hallows KR, Chung EJ. In vitro delivery of mTOR inhibitors by kidney-targeted micelles for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:223-229. [PMID: 36804177 PMCID: PMC10439257 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic kidney disease and is characterized by the formation of renal cysts and the eventual development of end-stage kidney disease. One approach to treating ADPKD is through inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which has been implicated in cell overproliferation, contributing to renal cyst expansion. However, mTOR inhibitors, including rapamycin, everolimus, and RapaLink-1, have off-target side effects including immunosuppression. Thus, we hypothesized that the encapsulation of mTOR inhibitors in drug delivery carriers that target the kidneys would provide a strategy that would enable therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target accumulation and associated toxicity. Toward eventual in vivo application, we synthesized cortical collecting duct (CCD) targeted peptide amphiphile micelle (PAM) nanoparticles and show high drug encapsulation efficiency (>92.6%). In vitro analysis indicated that drug encapsulation into PAMs enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of all three drugs in human CCD cells. Analysis of in vitro biomarkers of the mTOR pathway via western blotting confirmed that PAM encapsulation of mTOR inhibitors did not reduce their efficacy. These results indicate that PAM encapsulation is a promising way to deliver mTOR inhibitors to CCD cells and potentially treat ADPKD. Future studies will evaluate the therapeutic effect of PAM-drug formulations and ability to prevent off-target side effects associated with mTOR inhibitors in mouse models of ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysia Cox
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Madelynn Tung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth R Hallows
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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12
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Talbi K, Ousingsawat J, Centeio R, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. KCNE1 does not shift TMEM16A from a Ca 2+ dependent to a voltage dependent Cl - channel and is not expressed in renal proximal tubule. Pflugers Arch 2023:10.1007/s00424-023-02829-5. [PMID: 37442855 PMCID: PMC10359377 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The TMEM16A (ANO1) Cl- channel is activated by Ca2+ in a voltage-dependent manner. It is broadly expressed and was shown to be also present in renal proximal tubule (RPT). KCNQ1 is an entirely different K+ selective channel that forms the cardiac IKS potassium channel together with its ß-subunit KCNE1. Surprisingly, KCNE1 has been claimed to interact with TMEM16A, and to be required for activation of TMEM16A in mouse RPT. Interaction with KCNE1 was reported to switch TMEM16A from a Ca22+-dependent to a voltage-dependent ion channel. Here we demonstrate that KCNE1 is not expressed in mouse RPT. TMEM16A expressed in RPT is activated by angiotensin II and ATP in a KCNE1-independent manner. Coexpression of KCNE1 does not change TMEM16A to a voltage gated Cl- channel and Ca2+-dependent regulation of TMEM16A is fully maintained in the presence of KCNE1. While overexpressed KCNE1 slightly affects Ca2+-dependent regulation of TMEM16A, the data provide no evidence for KCNE1 being an auxiliary functional subunit for TMEM16A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Talbi
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Centeio
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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13
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Márquez-Nogueras KM, Vuchkovska V, Kuo IY. Calcium signaling in polycystic kidney disease- cell death and survival. Cell Calcium 2023; 112:102733. [PMID: 37023534 PMCID: PMC10348384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease is typified by cysts in the kidney and extra-renal manifestations including hypertension and heart failure. The main genetic underpinning this disease are loss-of function mutations to the two polycystin proteins, polycystin 1 and polycystin 2. Molecularly, the disease is characterized by changes in multiple signaling pathways including down regulation of calcium signaling, which, in part, is contributed by the calcium permeant properties of polycystin 2. These signaling pathways enable the cystic cells to survive and avoid cell death. This review focuses on the studies that have emerged in the past 5 years describing how the structural insights gained from PC-1 and PC-2 inform the calcium dependent molecular pathways of autophagy and the unfolded protein response that are regulated by the polycystin proteins and how it leads to cell survival and/or cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla M Márquez-Nogueras
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Virdjinija Vuchkovska
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL, USA; Graduate School, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Ivana Y Kuo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL, USA.
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14
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Zhou JX, Torres VE. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Therapies on the Horizon. ADVANCES IN KIDNEY DISEASE AND HEALTH 2023; 30:245-260. [PMID: 37088527 DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the formation of numerous kidney cysts which leads to kidney failure. ADPKD is responsible for approximately 10% of patients with kidney failure. Overwhelming evidence supports that vasopressin and its downstream cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling promote cystogenesis, and targeting vasopressin 2 receptor with tolvaptan and other antagonists ameliorates cyst growth in preclinical studies. Tolvaptan is the only drug approved by Food and Drug Administration to treat ADPKD patients at the risk of rapid disease progression. A major limitation of the widespread use of tolvaptan is aquaretic events. This review discusses the potential strategies to improve the tolerability of tolvaptan, the progress on the use of an alternative vasopressin 2 receptor antagonist lixivaptan, and somatostatin analogs. Recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of PKD have led to new approaches of treatment via targeting different signaling pathways. We review the new pharmacotherapies and dietary interventions of ADPKD that are promising in the preclinical studies and investigated in clinical trials.
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15
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Arkhipov SN, Potter DL, Sultanova RF, Ilatovskaya DV, Harris PC, Pavlov TS. Probenecid slows disease progression in a murine model of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15652. [PMID: 37024297 PMCID: PMC10079433 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) involves renal epithelial cell abnormalities. Cystic fluid contains a high level of ATP that, among other effects, leads to a reduced reabsorption of electrolytes in cyst-lining cells, and thus results in cystic fluid accumulation. Earlier, we demonstrated that Pkd1RC/RC mice, a hypomorphic model of ADPKD, exhibit increased expression of pannexin-1, a membrane channel capable of ATP release. In the current study, we found that human ADPKD cystic epithelia have higher pannexin-1 abundance than normal collecting ducts. We hypothesized that inhibition of pannexin-1 function with probenecid can be used to attenuate ADPKD development. Renal function in male and female Pkd1RC/RC and control mice was monitored between 9 and 20 months of age. To test the therapeutic effects of probenecid (a uricosuric agent and a pannexin-1 blocker), osmotic minipumps were implanted in male and female Pkd1RC/RC mice, and probenecid or vehicle was administered for 42 days until 1 year of age. Probenecid treatment improved glomerular filtration rates and slowed renal cyst formation in male mice (as shown in histopathology). The mechanistic effects of probenecid on sodium reabsorption and fluid transport were tested on polarized mpkCCDcl4 cells subjected to short-circuit current measurements, and in 3D cysts grown in Matrigel. In the mpkCCDcl4 epithelial cell line, probenecid elicited higher ENaC currents and attenuated in vitro cyst formation, indicating lower sodium and less fluid retention in the cysts. Our studies open new avenues of research into targeting pannexin-1 in ADPKD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N. Arkhipov
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular ResearchHenry Ford HealthDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of PhysiologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - D'Anna L. Potter
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular ResearchHenry Ford HealthDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Regina F. Sultanova
- Division of NephrologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Daria V. Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Peter C. Harris
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Tengis S. Pavlov
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular ResearchHenry Ford HealthDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of PhysiologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
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16
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Devlin L, Dhondurao Sudhindar P, Sayer JA. Renal ciliopathies: promising drug targets and prospects for clinical trials. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:325-346. [PMID: 37243567 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2218616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal ciliopathies represent a collection of genetic disorders characterized by deficiencies in the biogenesis, maintenance, or functioning of the ciliary complex. These disorders, which encompass autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), and nephronophthisis (NPHP), typically result in cystic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, and a gradual deterioration of kidney function, culminating in kidney failure. AREAS COVERED Here we review the advances in basic science and clinical research into renal ciliopathies which have yielded promising small compounds and drug targets, within both preclinical studies and clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Tolvaptan is currently the sole approved treatment option available for ADPKD patients, while no approved treatment alternatives exist for ARPKD or NPHP patients. Clinical trials are presently underway to evaluate additional medications in ADPKD and ARPKD patients. Based on preclinical models, other potential therapeutic targets for ADPKD, ARPKD, and NPHP look promising. These include molecules targeting fluid transport, cellular metabolism, ciliary signaling and cell-cycle regulation. There is a real and urgent clinical need for translational research to bring novel treatments to clinical use for all forms of renal ciliopathies to reduce kidney disease progression and prevent kidney failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Devlin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Praveen Dhondurao Sudhindar
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - John A Sayer
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Renal Services, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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17
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Zhou JX, Torres VE. Drug repurposing in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2023; 103:859-871. [PMID: 36870435 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is characterized by progressive kidney cyst formation that leads to kidney failure. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin 2 receptor antagonist, is the only drug approved to treat patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease who have rapid disease progression. The use of tolvaptan is limited by reduced tolerability from aquaretic effects and potential hepatotoxicity. Thus, the search for more effective drugs to slow down the progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is urgent and challenging. Drug repurposing is a strategy for identifying new clinical indications for approved or investigational medications. Drug repurposing is increasingly becoming an attractive proposition because of its cost-efficiency and time-efficiency and known pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. In this review, we focus on the repurposing approaches to identify suitable drug candidates to treat autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and prioritization and implementation of candidates with high probability of success. Identification of drug candidates through understanding of disease pathogenesis and signaling pathways is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Xia Zhou
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Mayo Clinic Robert M. and Billie Kelley Pirnie Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease Center, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Mayo Clinic Robert M. and Billie Kelley Pirnie Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease Center, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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18
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Hegyi P, Seidler U, Kunzelmann K. CFTR-beyond the airways: Recent findings on the role of the CFTR channel in the pancreas, the intestine and the kidneys. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22 Suppl 1:S17-S22. [PMID: 36621373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
With increased longevity of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis, and widespread lung transplantation facilities, the sequelae of defective CFTR in other organs than the airways come to the fore. This minireview highlights recent scientific progress in the understanding of CFTR function in the pancreas, the intestine and the kidney, and explores potential therapeutic strategies to combat defective CFTR function in these organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; Center for Translational Medicine and Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; Translational Pancreatology Research Group, Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence for Research Development and Innovation, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ursula Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institute of Physiology, Regensburg University, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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19
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Nagao S, Yamaguchi T. Review of the Use of Animal Models of Human Polycystic Kidney Disease for the Evaluation of Experimental Therapeutic Modalities. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020668. [PMID: 36675597 PMCID: PMC9867516 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, and nephronophthisis are hereditary disorders with the occurrence of numerous cysts in both kidneys, often causing chronic and end-stage renal failure. Animal models have played an important role in recent advances in research not only on disease onset and progressive mechanisms but also on the development of therapeutic interventions. For a long time, spontaneous animal models have been used as the primary focus for human diseases; however, after the identification of the nucleotide sequence of the responsible genes, PKD1, PKD2, PKHD1, and NPHPs, various types of genetically modified models were developed by genetic and reproductive engineering techniques and played the leading role in the research field. In this review, we present murine models of hereditary renal cystic diseases, discussing their potential benefits in the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuko Nagao
- Advanced Research Center for Animal Models of Human Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-562-93-2434
| | - Tamio Yamaguchi
- Advanced Research Center for Animal Models of Human Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka 510-0293, Japan
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20
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Guo J, Song Z, Yu J, Li C, Jin C, Duan W, Liu X, Liu Y, Huang S, Tuo Y, Pei F, Jian Z, Zhou P, Zheng S, Zou Z, Zhang F, Gong Q, Liang S. Hepatocyte-specific TMEM16A deficiency alleviates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury via suppressing GPX4-mediated ferroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1072. [PMID: 36572666 PMCID: PMC9792590 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05518-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced liver injury with severe cell death is a major complication of liver transplantation. Transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A), a component of hepatocyte Ca2+-activated chloride channel, has been implicated in a variety of liver diseases. However, its role in hepatic I/R injury remains unknown. Here, mice with hepatocyte-specific TMEM16A knockout or overexpression were generated to examine the effect of TMEM16A on hepatic I/R injury. TMEM16A expression increased in liver samples from patients and mice with I/R injury, which was correlated with liver damage progression. Hepatocyte-specific TMEM16A knockout alleviated I/R-induced liver damage in mice, ameliorating inflammation and ferroptotic cell death. However, mice with hepatic TMEM16A overexpression showed the opposite phenotype. In addition, TMEM16A ablation decreased inflammatory responses and ferroptosis in hepatocytes upon hypoxia/reoxygenation insult in vitro, whereas TMEM16A overexpression promoted the opposite effects. The ameliorating effects of TMEM16A knockout on hepatocyte inflammation and cell death were abolished by chemically induced ferroptosis, whereas chemical inhibition of ferroptosis reversed the potentiated role of TMEM16A in hepatocyte injury. Mechanistically, TMEM16A interacted with glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) to induce its ubiquitination and degradation, thereby enhancing ferroptosis. Disruption of TMEM16A-GPX4 interaction abrogated the effects of TMEM16A on GPX4 ubiquitination, ferroptosis, and hepatic I/R injury. Our results demonstrate that TMEM16A exacerbates hepatic I/R injury by promoting GPX4-dependent ferroptosis. TMEM16A-GPX4 interaction and GPX4 ubiquitination are therefore indispensable for TMEM16A-regulated hepatic I/R injury, suggesting that blockades of TMEM16A-GPX4 interaction or TMEM16A inhibition in hepatocytes may represent promising therapeutic strategies for acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Guo
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zihao Song
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jie Yu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyi Li
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chenchen Jin
- grid.508040.90000 0004 9415 435XCenter for Neuro-Metabolism and Regeneration Research, The Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Duan
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009Department of Oncology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- grid.413428.80000 0004 1757 8466Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- grid.412534.5Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Tuo
- grid.412534.5Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Pei
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China ,Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyang Jian
- Center For Drug Inspection of Guizhou Medical Products Administration, Guiyang, China
| | - Pengyu Zhou
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyi Zheng
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaowei Zou
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Quan Gong
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Sijia Liang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Hallows KR, Li H, Saitta B, Sepehr S, Huang P, Pham J, Wang J, Mancino V, Chung EJ, Pinkosky SL, Pastor-Soler NM. Beneficial effects of bempedoic acid treatment in polycystic kidney disease cells and mice. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1001941. [PMID: 36504724 PMCID: PMC9730828 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1001941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ADPKD has few therapeutic options. Tolvaptan slows disease but has side effects limiting its tolerability. Bempedoic acid (BA), an ATP citrate-lyase (ACLY) inhibitor FDA-approved for hypercholesterolemia, catalyzes a key step in fatty acid/sterol synthesis important for cell proliferation. BA is activated by very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (FATP2) expressed primarily in kidney and liver. BA also activates AMPK. We hypothesized that BA could be a novel ADPKD therapy by inhibiting cyst growth, proliferation, injury, and metabolic dysregulation via ACLY inhibition and AMPK activation. Pkd1-null kidney cell lines derived from mouse proximal tubule (PT) and collecting duct (IMCD) were grown in 2D or 3D Matrigel cultures and treated ± BA, ± SB-204990 (another ACLY inhibitor) or with Acly shRNA before cyst analysis, immunoblotting or mitochondrial assays using MitoSox and MitoTracker staining. Pkd1 fl/fl ; Pax8-rtTA; Tet-O-Cre C57BL/6J mice were induced with doxycycline injection on postnatal days 10 and 11 (P10-P11) and then treated ± BA (30 mg/kg/d) ± tolvaptan (30-100 mg/kg/d) by gavage from P12-21. Disease severity was determined by % total-kidney-weight-to-bodyweight (%TKW/BW) and BUN levels at euthanasia (P22). Kidney and liver homogenates were immunoblotted for expression of key biomarkers. ACLY expression and activity were upregulated in Pkd1-null PT and IMCD-derived cells vs. controls. Relative to controls, both BA and SB-204990 inhibited cystic growth in Pkd1-null kidney cells, as did Acly knockdown. BA inhibited mitochondrial superoxide production and promoted mitochondrial elongation, suggesting improved mitochondrial function. In ADPKD mice, BA reduced %TKW/BW and BUN to a similar extent as tolvaptan vs. untreated controls. Addition of BA to tolvaptan caused a further reduction in %TKW/BW and BUN vs. tolvaptan alone. BA generally reduced ACLY and stimulated AMPK activity in kidneys and livers vs. controls. BA also inhibited mTOR and ERK signaling and reduced kidney injury markers. In liver, BA treatment, both alone and together with tolvaptan, increased mitochondrial biogenesis while inhibiting apoptosis. We conclude that BA and ACLY inhibition inhibited cyst growth in vitro, and BA decreased ADPKD severity in vivo. Combining BA with tolvaptan further improved various ADPKD disease parameters. Repurposing BA may be a promising new ADPKD therapy, having beneficial effects alone and along with tolvaptan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Hallows
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Biagio Saitta
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Saman Sepehr
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Polly Huang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Pham
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Valeria Mancino
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Núria M. Pastor-Soler
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Núria M. Pastor-Soler,
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22
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Choudhury MI, Benson MA, Sun SX. Trans-epithelial fluid flow and mechanics of epithelial morphogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 131:146-159. [PMID: 35659163 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Active fluid transport across epithelial monolayers is emerging as a major driving force of tissue morphogenesis in a variety of healthy and diseased systems, as well as during embryonic development. Cells use directional transport of ions and osmotic gradients to drive fluid flow across the cell surface, in the process also building up fluid pressure. The basic physics of this process is described by the osmotic engine model, which also underlies actin-independent cell migration. Recently, the trans-epithelial fluid flux and the hydraulic pressure gradient have been explicitly measured for a variety of cellular and tissue model systems across various species. For the kidney, it was shown that tubular epithelial cells behave as active mechanical fluid pumps: the trans-epithelial fluid flux depends on the hydraulic pressure difference across the epithelial layer. When a stall pressure is reached, the fluid flux vanishes. Hydraulic forces generated from active fluid pumping are important in tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis, and could also underlie multiple morphogenic events seen in other developmental contexts. In this review, we highlight findings that examined the role of trans-epithelial fluid flux and hydraulic pressure gradient in driving tissue-scale morphogenesis. We also review organ pathophysiology due to impaired fluid pumping and the loss of hydraulic pressure sensing at the cellular scale. Finally, we draw an analogy between cellular fluidic pumps and a connected network of water pumps in a city. The dynamics of fluid transport in an active and adaptive network is determined globally at the systemic level, and transport in such a network is best when each pump is operating at its optimal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ikbal Choudhury
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Morgan A Benson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Sean X Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States.
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23
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Zhou X, Torres VE. Emerging therapies for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with a focus on cAMP signaling. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:981963. [PMID: 36120538 PMCID: PMC9478168 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.981963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), with an estimated genetic prevalence between 1:400 and 1:1,000 individuals, is the third most common cause of end stage kidney disease after diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Over the last 3 decades there has been great progress in understanding its pathogenesis. This allows the stratification of therapeutic targets into four levels, gene mutation and polycystin disruption, proximal mechanisms directly caused by disruption of polycystin function, downstream regulatory and signaling pathways, and non-specific pathophysiologic processes shared by many other diseases. Dysfunction of the polycystins, encoded by the PKD genes, is closely associated with disruption of calcium and upregulation of cyclic AMP and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, affecting most downstream regulatory, signaling, and pathophysiologic pathways altered in this disease. Interventions acting on G protein coupled receptors to inhibit of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production have been effective in preclinical trials and have led to the first approved treatment for ADPKD. However, completely blocking cAMP mediated PKA activation is not feasible and PKA activation independently from cAMP can also occur in ADPKD. Therefore, targeting the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway beyond cAMP production makes sense. Redundancy of mechanisms, numerous positive and negative feedback loops, and possibly counteracting effects may limit the effectiveness of targeting downstream pathways. Nevertheless, interventions targeting important regulatory, signaling and pathophysiologic pathways downstream from cAMP/PKA activation may provide additive or synergistic value and build on a strategy that has already had success. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the role of cAMP and PKA signaling and their multiple downstream pathways as potential targets for emergent therapies for ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- *Correspondence: Xia Zhou, ; Vicente E. Torres,
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24
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Bichlmayer EM, Mahl L, Hesse L, Pion E, Haller V, Moehwald A, Hackl C, Werner JM, Schlitt HJ, Schwarz S, Kainz P, Brochhausen C, Groeger C, Steger F, Kölbl O, Daniel C, Amann K, Kraus A, Buchholz B, Aung T, Haerteis S. A 3D In Vivo Model for Studying Human Renal Cystic Tissue and Mouse Kidney Slices. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152269. [PMID: 35892566 PMCID: PMC9330914 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a frequent monogenic disorder that leads to progressive renal cyst growth and renal failure. Strategies to inhibit cyst growth in non-human cyst models have often failed in clinical trials. There is a significant need for models that enable studies of human cyst growth and drug trials. (2) Methods: Renal tissue from ADPKD patients who received a nephrectomy as well as adult mouse kidney slices were cultured on a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) for one week. The cyst volume was monitored by microscopic and CT-based applications. The weight and angiogenesis were quantified. Morphometric and histological analyses were performed after the removal of the tissues from the CAM. (3) Results: The mouse and human renal tissue mostly remained vital for about one week on the CAM. The growth of cystic tissue was evaluated using microscopic and CT-based volume measurements, which correlated with weight and an increase in angiogenesis, and was accompanied by cyst cell proliferation. (4) Conclusions: The CAM model might bridge the gap between animal studies and clinical trials of human cyst growth, and provide a drug-testing platform for the inhibition of cyst enlargement. Real-time analyses of mouse kidney tissue may provide insights into renal physiology and reduce the need for animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Marie Bichlmayer
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (E.-M.B.); (L.M.); (L.H.); (E.P.); (V.H.); (A.M.); (T.A.)
| | - Lina Mahl
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (E.-M.B.); (L.M.); (L.H.); (E.P.); (V.H.); (A.M.); (T.A.)
| | - Leo Hesse
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (E.-M.B.); (L.M.); (L.H.); (E.P.); (V.H.); (A.M.); (T.A.)
| | - Eric Pion
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (E.-M.B.); (L.M.); (L.H.); (E.P.); (V.H.); (A.M.); (T.A.)
| | - Victoria Haller
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (E.-M.B.); (L.M.); (L.H.); (E.P.); (V.H.); (A.M.); (T.A.)
| | - Andreas Moehwald
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (E.-M.B.); (L.M.); (L.H.); (E.P.); (V.H.); (A.M.); (T.A.)
| | - Christina Hackl
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.M.W.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Jens M. Werner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.M.W.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Hans J. Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.M.W.); (H.J.S.)
| | | | - Philipp Kainz
- KML Vision GmbH, A-8020 Graz, Austria; (S.S.); (P.K.)
| | | | - Christian Groeger
- Department for Radiotherapy, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.G.); (F.S.); (O.K.)
| | - Felix Steger
- Department for Radiotherapy, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.G.); (F.S.); (O.K.)
| | - Oliver Kölbl
- Department for Radiotherapy, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.G.); (F.S.); (O.K.)
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Andre Kraus
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Björn Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Thiha Aung
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (E.-M.B.); (L.M.); (L.H.); (E.P.); (V.H.); (A.M.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Applied Healthcare Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, 94469 Deggendorf, Germany
| | - Silke Haerteis
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (E.-M.B.); (L.M.); (L.H.); (E.P.); (V.H.); (A.M.); (T.A.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Agborbesong E, Li LX, Li L, Li X. Molecular Mechanisms of Epigenetic Regulation, Inflammation, and Cell Death in ADPKD. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:922428. [PMID: 35847973 PMCID: PMC9277309 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.922428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder, which is caused by mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes, characterizing by progressive growth of multiple cysts in the kidneys, eventually leading to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and requiring renal replacement therapy. In addition, studies indicate that disease progression is as a result of a combination of factors. Understanding the molecular mechanisms, therefore, should facilitate the development of precise therapeutic strategies for ADPKD treatment. The roles of epigenetic modulation, interstitial inflammation, and regulated cell death have recently become the focuses in ADPKD. Different epigenetic regulators, and the presence of inflammatory markers detectable even before cyst growth, have been linked to cyst progression. Moreover, the infiltration of inflammatory cells, such as macrophages and T cells, have been associated with cyst growth and deteriorating renal function in humans and PKD animal models. There is evidence supporting a direct role of the PKD gene mutations to the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms and inflammatory response in ADPKD. In addition, the role of regulated cell death, including apoptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis, have been investigated in ADPKD. However, there is no consensus whether cell death promotes or delays cyst growth in ADPKD. It is therefore necessary to develop an interactive picture between PKD gene mutations, the epigenome, inflammation, and cell death to understand why inherited PKD gene mutations in patients may result in the dysregulation of these processes that increase the progression of renal cyst formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewud Agborbesong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Linda Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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26
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Bais T, Gansevoort RT, Meijer E. Drugs in Clinical Development to Treat Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Drugs 2022; 82:1095-1115. [PMID: 35852784 PMCID: PMC9329410 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by progressive cyst formation that ultimately leads to kidney failure in most patients. Approximately 10% of patients who receive kidney replacement therapy suffer from ADPKD. To date, a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist (V2RA) is the only drug that has been proven to attenuate disease progression. However, aquaresis-related adverse events limit its widespread use. Data on the renoprotective effects of somatostatin analogues differ largely between studies and medications. This review discusses new drugs that are investigated in clinical trials to treat ADPKD, such as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators and micro RNA inhibitors, and drugs already marketed for other indications that are being investigated for off-label use in ADPKD, such as metformin. In addition, potential methods to improve the tolerability of V2RAs are discussed, as well as methods to select patients with (likely) rapid disease progression and issues regarding the translation of preclinical data into clinical practice. Since ADPKD is a complex disease with a high degree of interindividual heterogeneity, and the mechanisms involved in cyst growth also have important functions in various physiological processes, it may prove difficult to develop drugs that target cyst growth without causing major adverse events. This is especially important since long-standing treatment is necessary in this chronic disease. This review therefore also discusses approaches to targeted therapy to minimize systemic side effects. Hopefully, these developments will advance the treatment of ADPKD.
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27
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PLGA microspheres carrying miR-20a-5p improved intestinal epithelial barrier function in patients with Crohn's disease through STAT3-mediated inhibition of Th17 differentiation. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109025. [PMID: 35853280 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). This suggests that the aberrant expression of miRNAs may contribute to the development of CD. Currently, the specific miRNAs involved in CD development have not been clearly identified. Therefore, we aimed to identify CD-associated miRNAs and explore their functions. METHODS miRNA microarray analysis was performed to screen for differentially expressed miRNAs in colon tissues from normal controls (NC) and CD patients. The identified miRNAs were validated using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The therapeutic roles of miR-20a-5p mimics via the delivery of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres (PLGA MSs) were further investigated in IL-10-/- mice with spontaneous chronic colitis that were used as a model of CD. The target genes of miR-20a-5p and the associated signaling pathways were identified through bioinformatic analysis and experimental verification of the interactions between the targets predicted by the algorithms and dysregulated mRNAs. RESULTS The analysis showed that miR-20a-5p was the most significantly downregulated miRNA in patients with CD. Treatment with PLGA MSs carrying miR-20a-5p significantly ameliorated the colitis, decreased mucosal inflammation, and improved epithelial barrier function. Bioinformatic analysis and experimental studies showed that miR-20a-5p inhibition enhanced Th17 differentiation and improved intestinal epithelial barrier function by targeting STAT3. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of miR-20a-5p improved the intestinal epithelial barrier function and prevented CD development through the STAT3/IL-17 signaling pathway. Therefore, the delivery of miR-20a-5p by PLGA MSs may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for CD treatment.
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28
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Su L, Yuan H, Zhang H, Wang R, Fu K, Yin L, Ren Y, Liu H, Fang Q, Wang J, Guo D. PF-06409577 inhibits renal cyst progression by concurrently inhibiting the mTOR pathway and CFTR channel activity. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1761-1770. [PMID: 35748097 PMCID: PMC9527591 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cyst development and expansion in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) involves over-proliferation of cyst-lining epithelial cells and excessive cystic fluid secretion. While metformin effectively inhibits renal cyst growth in mouse models of ADPKD it exhibits low potency, and thus an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator with higher potency is required. Herein, we adopted a drug repurposing strategy to explore the potential of PF-06409577, an AMPK activator for diabetic nephropathy, in cellular, ex vivo and in vivo models of ADPKD. Our results demonstrated that PF-06409577 effectively down-regulated mammalian target of rapamycin pathway-mediated proliferation of cyst-lining epithelial cells and reduced cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-regulated cystic fluid secretion. Overall, our data suggest that PF-06409577 holds therapeutic potential for ADPKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical PharmacyXuzhou Medical UniversityChina
| | - Haoxing Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical PharmacyXuzhou Medical UniversityChina
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical PharmacyXuzhou Medical UniversityChina
| | - Ruoqi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical PharmacyXuzhou Medical UniversityChina
| | - Kequan Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical PharmacyXuzhou Medical UniversityChina
| | - Long Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical PharmacyXuzhou Medical UniversityChina
| | - Ying Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical PharmacyXuzhou Medical UniversityChina
| | - Hongli Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical PharmacyXuzhou Medical UniversityChina
| | - Qian Fang
- Department of UrologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityChina
| | - Junqi Wang
- Department of UrologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityChina
| | - Dong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical PharmacyXuzhou Medical UniversityChina
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29
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Scholz JK, Kraus A, Lüder D, Skoczynski K, Schiffer M, Grampp S, Schödel J, Buchholz B. Loss of Polycystin-1 causes cAMP-dependent switch from tubule to cyst formation. iScience 2022; 25:104359. [PMID: 35620436 PMCID: PMC9127160 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most common monogenic disease that causes end-stage renal failure. It primarily results from mutations in the PKD1 gene that encodes for Polycystin-1. How loss of Polycystin-1 translates into bilateral renal cyst development is mostly unknown. cAMP is significantly involved in cyst enlargement but its role in cyst initiation has remained elusive. Deletion of Polycystin-1 in collecting duct cells resulted in a switch from tubule to cyst formation and was accompanied by an increase in cAMP. Pharmacological elevation of cAMP in Polycystin-1-competent cells caused cyst formation, impaired plasticity, nondirectional migration, and mis-orientation, and thus strongly resembled the phenotype of Polycystin-1-deficient cells. Mis-orientation of developing tubule cells in metanephric kidneys upon loss of Polycystin-1 was phenocopied by pharmacological increase of cAMP in wildtype kidneys. In vitro, cAMP impaired tubule formation after capillary-induced injury which was further impaired by loss Polycystin-1. Loss of Polycystin-1 switches renal cells from tubule to cyst formation Deletion of Polycystin-1 leads to increase in cAMP Elevation of cAMP in wildtype cells phenocopies Polycystin-1-deficient features Features are: impaired plasticity, nondirectional migration, and mis-orientation
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30
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Choudhury MI, Li Y, Mistriotis P, Vasconcelos ACN, Dixon EE, Yang J, Benson M, Maity D, Walker R, Martin L, Koroma F, Qian F, Konstantopoulos K, Woodward OM, Sun SX. Kidney epithelial cells are active mechano-biological fluid pumps. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2317. [PMID: 35484146 PMCID: PMC9050750 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mechanical forces driving kidney epithelial fluid transport and morphogenesis in kidney diseases is unclear. Here, using a microfluidic platform to recapitulate fluid transport activity of kidney cells, we report that renal epithelial cells can actively generate hydraulic pressure gradients across the epithelium. The fluidic flux declines with increasing hydraulic pressure until a stall pressure, in a manner similar to mechanical fluid pumps. For normal human kidney cells, the fluidic flux is from apical to basal, and the pressure is higher on the basal side. For human Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease cells, the fluidic flux is reversed from basal to apical. Molecular and proteomic studies reveal that renal epithelial cells are sensitive to hydraulic pressure gradients, changing gene expression profiles and spatial arrangements of ion exchangers and the cytoskeleton in different pressure conditions. These results implicate mechanical force and hydraulic pressure as important variables during kidney function and morphological change, and provide insights into pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development and transduction of hydraulic pressure gradients. How mechanical forces drive fluid transport in the kidney remains unclear. Here, the authors use a microfluidic platform to show that kidney epithelial cells generate hydraulic pressure gradients across the epithelium, and that the fluid flux is from apical to basal for normal cells, and inverted in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ikbal Choudhury
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yizeng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, United States
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Ana Carina N Vasconcelos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eryn E Dixon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Maryland PKD Research and Clinical Core Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Physiology, Maryland PKD Research and Clinical Core Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Maryland PKD Research and Clinical Core Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Morgan Benson
- Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Debonil Maity
- Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rebecca Walker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Maryland PKD Research and Clinical Core Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Maryland PKD Research and Clinical Core Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Leigha Martin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Fatima Koroma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Feng Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Maryland PKD Research and Clinical Core Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Maryland PKD Research and Clinical Core Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Owen M Woodward
- Department of Physiology, Maryland PKD Research and Clinical Core Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Maryland PKD Research and Clinical Core Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sean X Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States. .,Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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31
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Xia Y, Ge M, Xia L, Shan G, Qian H. CTSV (cathepsin V) promotes bladder cancer progression by increasing NF-κB activity. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10180-10190. [PMID: 35443863 PMCID: PMC9162008 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2061278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is positively associated with the development of urinary bladder cancer. However, its detailed regulatory mechanism remains elusive. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure mRNA levels of relative genes. The protein levels were monitored by western blotting. Cell proliferation and viability were evaluated by the cell counting Kit 8 (CCK8) and colony formation assays, respectively. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to assay the transcriptional activity. In vivo experiments were implemented in nude mice as well. The TCGA database analysis suggested that the aberrant expression of cathepsin V (CTSV) was related to a poor outcome in bladder cancer patients. CTSV boosted the inflammation reaction, which facilitated the development of bladder cancer. The overexpression of CTSV increased the proliferation and viability of bladder cancer cells. On the contrary, the deletion of CTSV significantly inhibited the proliferation and viability of bladder cancer cells. The tumor repression resulting from CTSV deficiency in vitro was also verified in vivo. Moreover, multiple cancer-associated luciferase screening showed that the overexpression of CTSV triggered the inflammatory signaling pathway, which could be restored by introducing the NF-κB inhibitor. CTSV is upregulated and promotes proliferation through the NF-κB pathway in bladder cancer and may be a potential target in inflammation-associated bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xia
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Minghuan Ge
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Xia
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guang Shan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huijun Qian
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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32
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Reiterová J, Tesař V. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: From Pathophysiology of Cystogenesis to Advances in the Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063317. [PMID: 35328738 PMCID: PMC8949594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic renal disease, with an estimated prevalence between 1:1000 and 1:2500. It is mostly caused by mutations of the PKD1 and PKD2 genes encoding polycystin 1 (PC1) and polycystin 2 (PC2) that regulate cellular processes such as fluid transport, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and cell adhesion. Reduction of calcium ions and induction of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (sAMP) promote cyst enlargement by transepithelial fluid secretion and cell proliferation. Abnormal activation of MAPK/ERK pathway, dysregulated signaling of heterotrimeric G proteins, mTOR, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, AMPK, JAK/STAT activator of transcription and nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) are involved in cystogenesis. Another feature of cystic tissue is increased extracellular production and recruitment of inflammatory cells and abnormal connections among cells. Moreover, metabolic alterations in cystic cells including defective glucose metabolism, impaired beta-oxidation and abnormal mitochondrial activity were shown to be associated with cyst expansion. Although tolvaptan has been recently approved as a drug that slows ADPKD progression, some patients do not tolerate tolvaptan because of frequent aquaretic. The advances in the knowledge of multiple molecular pathways involved in cystogenesis led to the development of animal and cellular studies, followed by the development of several ongoing randomized controlled trials with promising drugs. Our review is aimed at pathophysiological mechanisms in cystogenesis in connection with the most promising drugs in animal and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Reiterová
- Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Tesař
- Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
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33
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Ziegler WH, Lüdiger S, Hassan F, Georgiadis ME, Swolana K, Khera A, Mertens A, Franke D, Wohlgemuth K, Dahmer-Heath M, König J, Dafinger C, Liebau MC, Cetiner M, Bergmann C, Soetje B, Haffner D. Primary URECs: a source to better understand the pathology of renal tubular epithelia in pediatric hereditary cystic kidney diseases. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:122. [PMID: 35264234 PMCID: PMC8905910 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In pediatric hereditary cystic kidney diseases, epithelial cell defects mostly result from rare, autosomal recessively inherited pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins of the cilia-centrosome complex. Consequences of individual gene variants on epithelial function are often difficult to predict and can furthermore depend on the patient’s genetic background. Here, we studied urine-derived renal tubular epithelial cells (URECs) from genetically determined, pediatric cohorts of different hereditary cystic kidney diseases, comprising autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, nephronophthisis (NPH) and the Bardet Biedl syndrome (BBS). UREC characteristics and behavior in epithelial function-related 3D cell culture were compared in order to identify gene and variant-specific properties and to determine aspects of epithelial (cell) dysfunction. Results UREC preparations from patients (19) and healthy controls (39) were studied in a qualitative and quantitative manner using primary cells cultured for up-to 21 days. In patients with biallelic pathogenic variants in PKHD1 or NPHP genes, we were able to receive satisfactory amounts of URECs of reproducible quality. In BBS patients, UREC yield was lower and more dependent on the individual genotype. In contrast, in UREC preparations derived from healthy controls, no predictable and satisfactory outcome could be established. Considering cell proliferation, tubular origin and epithelial properties in 2D/3D culture conditions, we observed distinct and reproducible epithelial properties of URECs. In particular, the cells from patients carrying PKHD1 variants were characterized by a high incidence of defective morphogenesis of monolayered spheroids—a property proposed to be suitable for corrective intervention. Furthermore, we explored different ways to generate reference cell lines for both—patients and healthy controls—in order to eliminate restrictions in cell number and availability of primary URECs. Conclusions Ex vivo 3D cell culture of primary URECs represents a valuable, non-invasive source to evaluate epithelial cell function in kidney diseases and as such helps to elucidate the functional consequences of rare genetic disorders. In combination with genetically defined control cell lines to be generated in the future, the cultivation of primary URECs could become a relevant tool for testing personalized treatment of epithelial dysfunction in patients with hereditary cystic kidney disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02265-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang H Ziegler
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sarah Lüdiger
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fatima Hassan
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Margarita E Georgiadis
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Swolana
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amrit Khera
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arne Mertens
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Doris Franke
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Wohlgemuth
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mareike Dahmer-Heath
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jens König
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Claudia Dafinger
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max C Liebau
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Metin Cetiner
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Pediatrics II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bergmann
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Medizinische Genetik Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Birga Soetje
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dieter Haffner
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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34
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Berghaus C, Groh AC, Breljak D, Ciarimboli G, Sabolić I, Pavenstädt H, Weide T. Impact of Pals1 on Expression and Localization of Transporters Belonging to the Solute Carrier Family. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:792829. [PMID: 35252349 PMCID: PMC8888964 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.792829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pals1 is part of the evolutionary conserved Crumbs polarity complex and plays a key role in two processes, the formation of apicobasal polarity and the establishment of cell-cell contacts. In the human kidney, up to 1.5 million nephrons control blood filtration, as well as resorption and recycling of inorganic and organic ions, sugars, amino acids, peptides, vitamins, water and further metabolites of endogenous and exogenous origin. All nephron segments consist of polarized cells and express high levels of Pals1. Mice that are functionally haploid for Pals1 develop a lethal phenotype, accompanied by heavy proteinuria and the formation of renal cysts. However, on a cellular level, it is still unclear if reduced cell polarization, incomplete cell-cell contact formation, or an altered Pals1-dependent gene expression accounts for the renal phenotype. To address this, we analyzed the transcriptomes of Pals1-haploinsufficient kidneys and the littermate controls by gene set enrichment analysis. Our data elucidated a direct correlation between TGFβ pathway activation and the downregulation of more than 100 members of the solute carrier (SLC) gene family. Surprisingly, Pals1-depleted nephrons keep the SLC’s segment-specific expression and subcellular distribution, demonstrating that the phenotype is not mainly due to dysfunctional apicobasal cell polarization of renal epithelia. Our data may provide first hints that SLCs may act as modulating factors for renal cyst formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Berghaus
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Münster, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Groh
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Münster, Germany
| | - Davorka Breljak
- Molecular Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Giuliano Ciarimboli
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Münster, Germany
| | - Ivan Sabolić
- Molecular Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Weide
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Münster, Germany
- *Correspondence: Thomas Weide,
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35
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Zhang X, Li X. Abnormal Iron and Lipid Metabolism Mediated Ferroptosis in Kidney Diseases and Its Therapeutic Potential. Metabolites 2022; 12:58. [PMID: 35050181 PMCID: PMC8779729 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of regulated cell death driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Ferroptosis has distinct biological and morphology characteristics, such as shrunken mitochondria when compared to other known regulated cell deaths. The regulation of ferroptosis includes different molecular mechanisms and multiple cellular metabolic pathways, including glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) signaling pathways, which are involved in the amino acid metabolism and the activation of GPX4; iron metabolic signaling pathways, which are involved in the regulation of iron import/export and the storage/release of intracellular iron through iron-regulatory proteins (IRPs), and lipid metabolic signaling pathways, which are involved in the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes. Ferroptosis plays an essential role in the pathology of various kidneys diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Targeting ferroptosis with its inducers/initiators and inhibitors can modulate the progression of kidney diseases in animal models. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of ferroptosis and the ferroptosis-based mechanisms, highlighting the potential role of the main ferroptosis-associated metabolic pathways in the treatment and prevention of various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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36
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Sudarikova A, Vasileva V, Sultanova R, Ilatovskaya D. Recent advances in understanding ion transport mechanisms in polycystic kidney disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2521-2540. [PMID: 34751394 PMCID: PMC8589009 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the most recent advances in the understanding of the electrolyte transport-related mechanisms important for the development of severe inherited renal disorders, autosomal dominant (AD) and recessive (AR) forms of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). We provide here a basic overview of the origins and clinical aspects of ARPKD and ADPKD and discuss the implications of electrolyte transport in cystogenesis. Special attention is devoted to intracellular calcium handling by the cystic cells, with a focus on polycystins and fibrocystin, as well as other calcium level regulators, such as transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) channels, ciliary machinery, and purinergic receptor remodeling. Sodium transport is reviewed with a focus on the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and the role of chloride-dependent fluid secretion in cystic fluid accumulation is discussed. In addition, we highlight the emerging promising concepts in the field, such as potassium transport, and suggest some new avenues for research related to electrolyte handling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Regina F. Sultanova
- Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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37
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Talbi K, Cabrita I, Kraus A, Hofmann S, Skoczynski K, Kunzelmann K, Buchholz B, Schreiber R. The chloride channel CFTR is not required for cyst growth in an ADPKD mouse model. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21897. [PMID: 34473378 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100843r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the development of bilateral renal cysts which enlarge continuously, leading to compression of adjacent intact nephrons. The growing cysts lead to a progressive decline in renal function. Cyst growth is driven by enhanced cell proliferation and chloride secretion into the cyst lumen. Chloride secretion is believed to occur mainly by the cAMP-activated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), with some contribution by the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A. However, our previous work suggested TMEM16A as a major factor for renal cyst formation. The contribution of CFTR to cyst formation has never been demonstrated in an adult ADPKD mouse model. We used mice with an inducible tubule-specific Pkd1 knockout, which consistently develop polycystic kidneys upon deletion of Pkd1. Cellular properties, ion currents, and cyst development in these mice were compared with that of mice carrying a co-deletion of Pkd1 and Cftr. Knockout of Cftr did not reveal any significant impact on cyst formation in the ADPKD mouse model. Furthermore, knockout of Cftr did not attenuate the largely augmented cell proliferation observed in Pkd1 knockout kidneys. Patch clamp analysis on primary renal epithelial cells lacking expression of Pkd1 indicated an only marginal contribution of CFTR to whole cell Cl- currents, which were clearly dominated by calcium-activated TMEM16A currents. In conclusion, CFTR does not essentially contribute to renal cyst formation in mice caused by deletion of Pkd1. Enhanced cell proliferation and chloride secretion is caused primarily by upregulation of the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Talbi
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inês Cabrita
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andre Kraus
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sascha Hofmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Skoczynski
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bjoern Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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38
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Mucus Release and Airway Constriction by TMEM16A May Worsen Pathology in Inflammatory Lung Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157852. [PMID: 34360618 PMCID: PMC8346050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the Ca2+ activated Cl− channel TMEM16A is proposed as a treatment in inflammatory airway disease. It is assumed that activation of TMEM16A will induce electrolyte secretion, and thus reduce airway mucus plugging and improve mucociliary clearance. A benefit of activation of TMEM16A was shown in vitro and in studies in sheep, but others reported an increase in mucus production and airway contraction by activation of TMEM16A. We analyzed expression of TMEM16A in healthy and inflamed human and mouse airways and examined the consequences of activation or inhibition of TMEM16A in asthmatic mice. TMEM16A was found to be upregulated in the lungs of patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis, as well as in the airways of asthmatic mice. Activation or potentiation of TMEM16A by the compounds Eact or brevenal, respectively, induced acute mucus release from airway goblet cells and induced bronchoconstriction in mice in vivo. In contrast, niclosamide, an inhibitor of TMEM16A, blocked mucus production and mucus secretion in vivo and in vitro. Treatment of airway epithelial cells with niclosamide strongly inhibited expression of the essential transcription factor of Th2-dependent inflammation and goblet cell differentiation, SAM pointed domain-containing ETS-like factor (SPDEF). Activation of TMEM16A in people with inflammatory airway diseases is likely to induce mucus secretion along with airway constriction. In contrast, inhibitors of TMEM16A may suppress pulmonary Th2 inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia, mucus production, and bronchoconstriction, partially by inhibiting expression of SPDEF.
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39
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Anoctamin1 Induces Hyperproliferation of HaCaT Keratinocytes and Triggers Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137145. [PMID: 34281197 PMCID: PMC8268182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis, a long-lasting and multifactorial skin disease, is related to comorbidities such as metabolic disease, depression, and psoriatic arthritis. Psoriasis occurs due to a variety of factors including keratinocyte hyperproliferation, inflammation, and abnormal differentiation. Proinflammatory cytokines upregulated by increased activation of keratinocytes and immune cells in the skin trigger progression of psoriasis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of anoctamin1 (ANO1) on psoriasis development in vitro and in vivo. We analyzed the proliferation of HaCaT keratinocytes and ANO1-related ERK and AKT signaling pathways after ANO1 inhibitor (T16Ainh-A01 and Ani9) treatment and knock-down of ANO1. Furthermore, after applying imiquimod (IMQ) cream or coapplying IMQ cream and T16Ainh-A01 on mouse ears, we not only observed psoriatic symptoms, including ear thickening, but also quantified the effects of treatment on ERK and AKT signaling-involved proteins and proinflammatory cytokines. Inhibition of ANO1 attenuated the proliferation of HaCaT cells and induced reduction of pERK1/2. Coapplication of IMQ and T16Ainh-A01 on ears of mice reduced not only symptoms of IMQ-induced psoriasis such as thickening and erythema, but also expression of ANO1 and pERK1/2 compared to that of application of IMQ alone. In addition, the expression levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, IL-23, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α increased after applying IMQ and were significantly reduced by coapplying IMQ and T16Ainh-A01. These results aid in understanding the underlying mechanisms of ANO1 in epidermal layer keratinocyte hyperproliferation and suggest the potential of ANO1 as a target to treat psoriasis.
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40
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Gender-Dependent Phenotype in Polycystic Kidney Disease Is Determined by Differential Intracellular Ca 2+ Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116019. [PMID: 34199520 PMCID: PMC8199720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by loss of function of PKD1 (polycystin 1) or PKD2 (polycystin 2). The Ca2+-activated Cl− channel TMEM16A has a central role in ADPKD. Expression and function of TMEM16A is upregulated in ADPKD which causes enhanced intracellular Ca2+ signaling, cell proliferation, and ion secretion. We analyzed kidneys from Pkd1 knockout mice and found a more pronounced phenotype in males compared to females, despite similar levels of expression for renal tubular TMEM16A. Cell proliferation, which is known to be enhanced with loss of Pkd1−/−, was larger in male when compared to female Pkd1−/− cells. This was paralleled by higher basal intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in primary renal epithelial cells isolated from Pkd1−/− males. The results suggest enhanced intracellular Ca2+ levels contributing to augmented cell proliferation and cyst development in male kidneys. Enhanced resting Ca2+ also caused larger basal chloride currents in male primary cells, as detected in patch clamp recordings. Incubation of mouse primary cells, mCCDcl1 collecting duct cells or M1 collecting duct cells with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) enhanced basal Ca2+ levels and increased basal and ATP-stimulated TMEM16A chloride currents. Taken together, the more severe cystic phenotype in males is likely to be caused by enhanced cell proliferation, possibly due to enhanced basal and ATP-induced intracellular Ca2+ levels, leading to enhanced TMEM16A currents. Augmented Ca2+ signaling is possibly due to enhanced expression of Ca2+ transporting/regulating proteins.
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41
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CLCA1 Regulates Airway Mucus Production and Ion Secretion Through TMEM16A. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105133. [PMID: 34066250 PMCID: PMC8151571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A, a Ca2+-activated chloride channel (CaCC), and its regulator, CLCA1, are associated with inflammatory airway disease and goblet cell metaplasia. CLCA1 is a secreted protein with protease activity that was demonstrated to enhance membrane expression of TMEM16A. Expression of CLCA1 is particularly enhanced in goblet cell metaplasia and is associated with various lung diseases. However, mice lacking expression of CLCA1 showed the same degree of mucous cell metaplasia and airway hyperreactivity as asthmatic wild-type mice. To gain more insight into the role of CLCA1, we applied secreted N-CLCA1, produced in vitro, to mice in vivo using intratracheal instillation. We observed no obvious upregulation of TMEM16A membrane expression by CLCA1 and no differences in ATP-induced short circuit currents (Iscs). However, intraluminal mucus accumulation was observed by treatment with N-CLCA1 that was not seen in control animals. The effects of N-CLCA1 were augmented in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Mucus production induced by N-CLCA1 in polarized BCi-NS1 human airway epithelial cells was dependent on TMEM16A expression. IL-13 upregulated expression of CLCA1 and enhanced mucus production, however, without enhancing purinergic activation of Isc. In contrast to polarized airway epithelial cells and mouse airways, which express very low levels of TMEM16A, nonpolarized airway cells express large amounts of TMEM16A protein and show strong CaCC. The present data show an only limited contribution of TMEM16A to airway ion secretion but suggest a significant role of both CLCA1 and TMEM16A for airway mucus secretion.
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Molecular genetics of renal ciliopathies. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1205-1220. [PMID: 33960378 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Renal ciliopathies are a heterogenous group of inherited disorders leading to an array of phenotypes that include cystic kidney disease and renal interstitial fibrosis leading to progressive chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. The renal tubules are lined with epithelial cells that possess primary cilia that project into the lumen and act as sensory and signalling organelles. Mutations in genes encoding ciliary proteins involved in the structure and function of primary cilia cause ciliopathy syndromes and affect many organ systems including the kidney. Recognised disease phenotypes associated with primary ciliopathies that have a strong renal component include autosomal dominant and recessive polycystic kidney disease and their various mimics, including atypical polycystic kidney disease and nephronophthisis. The molecular investigation of inherited renal ciliopathies often allows a precise diagnosis to be reached where renal histology and other investigations have been unhelpful and can help in determining kidney prognosis. With increasing molecular insights, it is now apparent that renal ciliopathies form a continuum of clinical phenotypes with disease entities that have been classically described as dominant or recessive at both extremes of the spectrum. Gene-dosage effects, hypomorphic alleles, modifier genes and digenic inheritance further contribute to the genetic complexity of these disorders. This review will focus on recent molecular genetic advances in the renal ciliopathy field with a focus on cystic kidney disease phenotypes and the genotypes that lead to them. We discuss recent novel insights into underlying disease mechanisms of renal ciliopathies that might be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Cabrita I, Talbi K, Kunzelmann K, Schreiber R. Loss of PKD1 and PKD2 share common effects on intracellular Ca 2+ signaling. Cell Calcium 2021; 97:102413. [PMID: 33915319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In polycystic kidney disease (PKD) multiple bilateral renal cysts gradually enlarge causing a decline in renal function. Transepithelial chloride secretion through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and TMEM16A (anoctamin 1) drive cyst enlargement. We demonstrated recently that a loss of PKD1 increases expression and function of TMEM16A in murine kidneys and in mouse M1 collecting duct cells. The data demonstrated that TMEM16A contributes essentially to cyst growth by upregulating intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Enhanced expression of TMEM16A and Ca2+ signaling increased both cell proliferation and fluid secretion, which suggested inhibition of TMEM16A as a novel therapy in ADPKD. About 15 % of all ADPKD cases are caused by mutations in PKD2. To analyze the effects of loss of function of PKD2 on Ca2+ signaling, we knocked-down Pkd2 in mouse primary renal epithelial cells in the present study, using viral transfection of shRNA. Unlike in Pkd1-/- cells, knockdown of PKD2 lowered basal Ca2+ and augmented store-operated Ca2+ entry, which was both independent of TMEM16A. However, disease causing purinergic Ca2+ store release was enhanced, similar to that observed in Pkd1-/- renal epithelial cells. The present data suggest pharmacological inhibition of TMEM16A as a treatment in ADPKD caused by mutations in both PKD1 and PKD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Cabrita
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Khaoula Talbi
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Duong Phu M, Bross S, Burkhalter MD, Philipp M. Limitations and opportunities in the pharmacotherapy of ciliopathies. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107841. [PMID: 33771583 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a family of rather diverse conditions, which have been grouped based on the finding of altered or dysfunctional cilia, potentially motile, small cellular antennae extending from the surface of postmitotic cells. Cilia-related disorders include embryonically arising conditions such as Joubert, Usher or Kartagener syndrome, but also afflictions with a postnatal or even adult onset phenotype, i.e. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The majority of ciliopathies are syndromic rather than affecting only a single organ due to cilia being found on almost any cell in the human body. Overall ciliopathies are considered rare diseases. Despite that, pharmacological research and the strive to help these patients has led to enormous therapeutic advances in the last decade. In this review we discuss new treatment options for certain ciliopathies, give an outlook on promising future therapeutic strategies, but also highlight the limitations in the development of therapeutic approaches of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Duong Phu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bross
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin D Burkhalter
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Philipp
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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Fragiadaki M, Macleod FM, Ong ACM. The Controversial Role of Fibrosis in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238936. [PMID: 33255651 PMCID: PMC7728143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the progressive growth of cysts but it is also accompanied by diffuse tissue scarring or fibrosis. A number of recent studies have been published in this area, yet the role of fibrosis in ADPKD remains controversial. Here, we will discuss the stages of fibrosis progression in ADPKD, and how these compare with other common kidney diseases. We will also provide a detailed overview of some key mechanistic pathways to fibrosis in the polycystic kidney. Specifically, the role of the 'chronic hypoxia hypothesis', persistent inflammation, Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ), Janus Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT) and microRNAs will be examined. Evidence for and against a pathogenic role of extracellular matrix during ADPKD disease progression will be provided.
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