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Fu X, Cheng W, Wan G, Yang Z, Tee BCK. Toward an AI Era: Advances in Electronic Skins. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9899-9948. [PMID: 39198214 PMCID: PMC11397144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Electronic skins (e-skins) have seen intense research and rapid development in the past two decades. To mimic the capabilities of human skin, a multitude of flexible/stretchable sensors that detect physiological and environmental signals have been designed and integrated into functional systems. Recently, researchers have increasingly deployed machine learning and other artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to mimic the human neural system for the processing and analysis of sensory data collected by e-skins. Integrating AI has the potential to enable advanced applications in robotics, healthcare, and human-machine interfaces but also presents challenges such as data diversity and AI model robustness. In this review, we first summarize the functions and features of e-skins, followed by feature extraction of sensory data and different AI models. Next, we discuss the utilization of AI in the design of e-skin sensors and address the key topic of AI implementation in data processing and analysis of e-skins to accomplish a range of different tasks. Subsequently, we explore hardware-layer in-skin intelligence before concluding with an analysis of the challenges and opportunities in the various aspects of AI-enabled e-skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Guanxiang Wan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Zijie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Benjamin C K Tee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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2
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Cong C, Wang R, Zhu W, Zheng X, Sun F, Wang X, Jiang F, Joo SW, Lim S, Kim SH, Li X. Self-powered strain sensing devices with wireless transmission: DIW-printed conductive hydrogel electrodes featuring stretchable and self-healing properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 678:588-598. [PMID: 39265331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
With rapid advancements in health and human-computer interaction, wearable electronic skins (e-skins) designed for application on the human body provide a platform for real-time detection of physiological signals. Wearable strain sensors, integral functional units within e-skins, can be integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technology to broaden the applications for human body monitoring. A significant challenge lies in the reliance of most existing wearable strain sensors on rigid external power supplies, limiting their practical flexibility. In this study, we present an innovative strategy to fabricate glutaraldehyde (GA)-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) conductive hydrogels through multiple hydrogen bonding systems. Combining the advantageous rheological properties of the precursor solution and the high specific surface area after freeze-thaw cycling, we have created a self-powered sensing system prepared by large-area printing using direct ink writing (DIW) printing. The resulting conductive hydrogel exhibits commendable mechanical properties (411 KPa), impressive stretchability (580 %), and robust self-healing capabilities (>98.3 %). The strain sensor, derived from the conductive hydrogel, demonstrates a gauge factor (GF) of 2.5 within a stretching range of 0-580 %. Additionally, the resultant supercapacitor displays a peak energy density of 0.131 mWh/cm3 at a power density of 3.6 mW/cm3. Benefiting from its elevated strain response and remarkable power density features, this self-powered strain sensing system enables the real-time monitoring of human joint motion. The incorporation of a 5G transmission module enhances its capabilities for remote data monitoring, thereby contributing to the progress of wireless tracking technologies for self-powered electronic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Cong
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenhu Zhu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xianbin Zheng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fenglin Sun
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xuhao Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fuhao Jiang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooman Lim
- Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, LANL-JBNU Engineering Institute-Korea, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xinlin Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Yazdi A, Tsai LC, Salowitz NP. Sensing with Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide under Repeated Large Multi-Directional Strain. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:5739. [PMID: 39275649 DOI: 10.3390/s24175739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents a recent investigation into the electromechanical behavior of thermally reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a strain sensor undergoing repeated large mechanical strains up to 20.72%, with electrical signal output measurement in multiple directions relative to the applied strain. Strain is one the most basic and most common stimuli sensed. rGO can be synthesized from abundant materials, can survive exposure to large strains (up to 20.72%), can be synthesized directly on structures with relative ease, and provides high sensitivity, with gauge factors up to 200 regularly reported. In this investigation, a suspension of graphene oxide flakes was deposited onto Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates and thermally reduced to create macroscopic rGO-strain sensors. Electrical resistance parallel to the direction of applied tension (x^) demonstrated linear behavior (similar to the piezoresistive behavior of solid materials under strain) up to strains around 7.5%, beyond which nonlinear resistive behavior (similar to percolative electrical behavior) was observed. Cyclic tensile testing results suggested that some residual micro-cracks remained in place after relaxation from the first cycle of tensile loading. A linear fit across the range of strains investigated produced a gauge factor of 91.50(Ω/Ω)/(m/m), though it was observed that the behavior at high strains was clearly nonlinear. Hysteresis testing showed high consistency in the electromechanical response of the sensor between loading and unloading within cycles as well as increased consistency in the pattern of the response between different cycles starting from cycle 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Yazdi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Li-Chih Tsai
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Nathan P Salowitz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
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4
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R H, Dhilipkumar T, V Shankar K, P K, Salunkhe S, Venkatesan R, Shazly GA, Vetcher AA, Kim SC. Evaluating the Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Potential of 3D-Printed Graphene Prepared Using Direct Ink Writing and Fused Deposition Modelling. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2397. [PMID: 39274030 DOI: 10.3390/polym16172397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aims to use energy harvested from conductive materials to power microelectronic components. The proposed method involves using vibration-based energy harvesting to increase the natural vibration frequency, reduce the need for battery replacement, and minimise chemical waste. Piezoelectric transduction, known for its high-power density and ease of application, has garnered significant attention. Additionally, graphene, a non-piezoelectric material, exhibits good piezoelectric properties. The research explores a novel method of printing graphene material using 3D printing, specifically Direct Ink Writing (DIW) and fused deposition modelling (FDM). Both simulation and experimental techniques were used to analyse energy harvesting. The experimental technique involved using the cantilever beam-based vibration energy harvesting method. The results showed that the DIW-derived 3D-printed prototype achieved a peak power output of 12.2 µW, surpassing the 6.4 µW output of the FDM-derived 3D-printed prototype. Furthermore, the simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics yielded a harvested output of 0.69 µV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hushein R
- Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600062, India
| | - Thulasidhas Dhilipkumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri 690525, India
- Centre for Flexible Electronics and Advanced Materials, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri 690525, India
| | - Karthik V Shankar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri 690525, India
- Centre for Flexible Electronics and Advanced Materials, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri 690525, India
| | - Karuppusamy P
- Department of Chemistry, Vinayaka Mission's Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (DU), Salem 636308, India
| | - Sachin Salunkhe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gazi University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Raja Venkatesan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Gamal A Shazly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexandre A Vetcher
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia n.a Lumumba (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Pang Y, Zhu X, He T, Liu S, Zhang Z, Lv Q, Yi P, Lee C. AI-Assisted Self-Powered Vehicle-Road Integrated Electronics for Intelligent Transportation Collaborative Perception. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404763. [PMID: 39051514 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Collaborative perception between a vehicle and the road has the potential to enhance the limited perception capability of autonomous driving technologies. With this background, self-powered vehicle-road integrated electronics (SVRIE) with a multilevel fractal structure is designed to play a dual role, including a SVRIE device integrated into vehicle tires and a SVRIE array embedded into a road surface. The pressure sensing capability and anti-crosstalk performance of the SVRIE array are characterized separately to validate the feasibility of applying the SVRIE in a cooperative vehicle-infrastructure system. It is demonstrated that the SVRIE based on the multi-layered fractal structure exhibits maximum performance in collaborative sensing and interaction between vehicles and road information, such as vehicle motion, road surface condition, and tire life cycle health monitoring. Traditional data analysis methods are often of questionable accuracy. Therefore, a convolutional neural network is used to classify the vehicle and road conditions with accuracy of at least 88.3%. The transfer learning model is constructed to enhance the road surface identification capabilities with 100% accuracy. The accuracies of the vehicle tire motion recognition and tire health monitoring are 97% and 99%, respectively. This work provides new ideas for collaborative perception between vehicles and roadsides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Pang
- Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Xingyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Shuainian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Qiaoya Lv
- Microsystem Research Center, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yi
- Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, the National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems & Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
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6
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Wang J, Fang Z, Liu W, Zhu L, Pan Q, Gu Z, Wang H, Huang Y, Fang H. Light-Boosting Highly Sensitive and Ultrafast Piezoelectric Sensor Based on Composite Membrane of Copper Phthalocyanine and Graphene Oxide. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6713. [PMID: 38928420 PMCID: PMC11203804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-powered wearable pressure sensors based on flexible electronics have emerged as a new trend due to the increasing demand for intelligent and portable devices. Improvements in pressure-sensing performance, including in the output voltage, sensitivity and response time, can greatly expand their related applications; however, this remains challenging. Here, we report on a highly sensitive piezoelectric sensor with novel light-boosting pressure-sensing performance, based on a composite membrane of copper phthalocyanine (CuPC) and graphene oxide (GO) (CuPC@GO). Under light illumination, the CuPC@GO piezoelectric sensor demonstrates a remarkable increase in output voltage (381.17 mV, 50 kPa) and sensitivity (116.80 mV/kPa, <5 kPa), which are approximately twice and three times of that the sensor without light illumination, respectively. Furthermore, light exposure significantly improves the response speed of the sensor with a response time of 38.04 µs and recovery time of 58.48 µs, while maintaining excellent mechanical stability even after 2000 cycles. Density functional theory calculations reveal that increased electron transfer from graphene to CuPC can occur when the CuPC is in the excited state, which indicates that the light illumination promotes the electron excitation of CuPC, and thus brings about the high polarization of the sensor. Importantly, these sensors exhibit universal spatial non-contact adjustability, highlighting their versatility and applicability in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Wang
- School of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China (Y.H.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhening Fang
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenhao Liu
- School of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China (Y.H.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liuyuan Zhu
- School of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China (Y.H.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiubo Pan
- School of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China (Y.H.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;
| | - Huifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;
| | - Yingying Huang
- School of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China (Y.H.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haiping Fang
- School of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China (Y.H.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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7
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Ahn SJ, Lee H, Cho KJ. 3D printing with a 3D printed digital material filament for programming functional gradients. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3605. [PMID: 38714684 PMCID: PMC11076495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing attracts growing attention as a promising method for creating functionally graded materials. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is widely available, but due to its simple process, creating spatial gradation of diverse properties using FDM is challenging. Here, we present a 3D printed digital material filament that is structured towards 3D printing of functional gradients, utilizing only a readily available FDM printer and filaments. The DM filament consists of multiple base materials combined with specific concentrations and distributions, which are FDM printed. When the DM filament is supplied to the same printer, its constituent materials are homogeneously blended during extrusion, resulting in the desired properties in the final structure. This enables spatial programming of material properties in extreme variations, including mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and color, which are otherwise impossible to achieve with traditional FDMs. Our approach can be readily adopted to any standard FDM printer, enabling low-cost production of functional gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Joon Ahn
- Soft Robotics Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Howon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu-Jin Cho
- Soft Robotics Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Niu H, Li J, Song X, Zhao K, Liu L, Zhou C, Wu G. Multifunctional aqueous polyurethanes with high strength and self-healing efficiency based on silver nanowires for flexible strain sensors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2175-2189. [PMID: 38164717 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04319c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Advanced sensor technology is widely applied in human motion monitoring and research. However, it often encounters problems such as scratches, fractures, and aging, which affect its lifespan and reliability. To address these challenges, we draw inspiration from the inherent self-healing properties of organic biological entities in nature to endow our sensors with self-healing capability. In this work, we constructed a reversible multi-hydrogen-bonded physical crosslinking network and introduced aromatic disulfide bonds into the polyurethane backbone. This design not only achieves a very high mechanical strength of the material, but also efficient self-healing properties. At 80 °C, the tensile strength of the WPU-U2D1 material reached 28.88 MPa, with a fracture elongation of 748.64%, and a self-healing efficiency as high as 99.24%. Based on this material, we successfully prepared a flexible conductive composite film (WPU@AgNW) and applied it to flexible strain sensors. The sensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity and reliability in human motion monitoring (electrical conductivity of 2.66 S cm-1), which provides a new idea for realising the breakthrough of high-performance flexible sensors. These outstanding properties makes it have great potential for application in flexible wearable devices, human-computer interaction, bionic electronic devices and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Niu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Xin Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Kaiyang Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Li Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Guangfeng Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
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9
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Chen C, Zhang H, Xu G, Hou T, Fu J, Wang H, Xia X, Yang C, Zi Y. Passive Internet of Events Enabled by Broadly Compatible Self-Powered Visualized Platform Toward Real-Time Surveillance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304352. [PMID: 37870202 PMCID: PMC10700247 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Surveillance is an intricate challenge worldwide especially in those complicated environments such as nuclear plants, banks, crowded areas, barns, etc. Deploying self-powered wireless sensor nodes can increase the system's event detection capabilities by collecting environmental changes, while the incompatibility among components (energy harvesters, sensors, and wireless modules) limits their application. Here, a broadly compatible self-powered visualized platform (SPVP) is reported to construct a passive internet of events (IoE) network for surveillance systems. By encoding electric signals into reference and working LEDs, SPVP can visualize resistance change generated by commercial resistive sensors with a broad working range (<107 Ω) and the transmission distance is up to 30 meters. Visible light signals are captured by surveillance cameras and processed by the cloud to achieve real-time event monitoring and identification, which forms the passive IoE network. It is demonstrated that the passive-IoE-based surveillance system can detect intrusion, theft, fire alarm, and distress signals quickly (30 ms) for 106 cycles. Moreover, the confidential information can be encrypted by SPVPs and accessed through a phone application. This universal scheme may have huge potential for the construction of safe and smart cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong ShatinN.T. Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Thrust of Sustainable Energy and EnvironmentThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)NanshaGuangzhouGuangdong511400China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong ShatinN.T. Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Tingting Hou
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong ShatinN.T. Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Jingjing Fu
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong ShatinN.T. Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong ShatinN.T. Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Xin Xia
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong ShatinN.T. Hong KongHong KongChina
- Thrust of Sustainable Energy and EnvironmentThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)NanshaGuangzhouGuangdong511400China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Institute of Materials ResearchTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Zi
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong ShatinN.T. Hong KongHong KongChina
- Thrust of Sustainable Energy and EnvironmentThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)NanshaGuangzhouGuangdong511400China
- HKUST Shenzhen‐Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research InstituteFutianShenzhenGuangdong518048China
- Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research InstituteGuangzhouGuangdong511400China
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10
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Zhang Z, Liu G, Li Z, Zhang W, Meng Q. Flexible tactile sensors with biomimetic microstructures: Mechanisms, fabrication, and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 320:102988. [PMID: 37690330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, flexible devices have gained rapid development with great potential in daily life. As the core component of wearable devices, flexible tactile sensors are prized for their excellent properties such as lightweight, stretchable and foldable. Consequently, numerous high-performance sensors have been developed, along with an array of innovative fabrication processes. It has been recognized that the improvement of the single performance index for flexible tactile sensors is not enough for practical sensing applications. Therefore, balancing and optimization of overall performance of the sensor are extensively anticipated. Furthermore, new functional characteristics are required for practical applications, such as freeze resistance, corrosion resistance, self-cleaning, and degradability. From a bionic perspective, the overall performance of a sensor can be optimized by constructing bionic microstructures which can deliver additional functional features. This review briefly summarizes the latest developments in bionic microstructures for different types of tactile sensors and critically analyzes the sensing performance of fabricated flexible tactile sensors. Based on this, the application prospects of bionic microstructure-based tactile sensors in human detection and human-machine interaction devices are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqing Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Functional Printing and Transport Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Paper-based Functional Materials of China National Light Industry, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Liu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Functional Printing and Transport Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Paper-based Functional Materials of China National Light Industry, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhijian Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Functional Printing and Transport Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Paper-based Functional Materials of China National Light Industry, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Functional Printing and Transport Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Paper-based Functional Materials of China National Light Industry, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjun Meng
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Functional Printing and Transport Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Paper-based Functional Materials of China National Light Industry, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
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11
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Kumbhakar P, Jayan JS, Sreedevi Madhavikutty A, Sreeram P, Saritha A, Ito T, Tiwary CS. Prospective applications of two-dimensional materials beyond laboratory frontiers: A review. iScience 2023; 26:106671. [PMID: 37168568 PMCID: PMC10165413 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of nanotechnology has been advancing for decades and gained acceleration in the 21st century. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are widely available, giving them a wide range of material platforms for technological study and the advancement of atomic-level applications. The design and application of 2D materials are discussed in this review. In order to evaluate the performance of 2D materials, which might lead to greater applications benefiting the electrical and electronics sectors as well as society, the future paradigm of 2D materials needs to be visualized. The development of 2D hybrid materials with better characteristics that will help industry and society at large is anticipated to result from intensive research in 2D materials. This enhanced evaluation might open new opportunities for the synthesis of 2D materials and the creation of devices that are more effective than traditional ones in various sectors of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Kumbhakar
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
- Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Jitha S. Jayan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | | | - P.R. Sreeram
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Appukuttan Saritha
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Taichi Ito
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Chandra Sekhar Tiwary
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
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12
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Wang Z, Zhou W, Xiao Z, Yao Q, Xia X, Mei J, Zhang D, Chen P, Li S, Wang Y, Rao G, Xie S. A High-Temperature Accelerometer with Excellent Performance Based on the Improved Graphene Aerogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19337-19348. [PMID: 37023408 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A high-temperature accelerometer plays an important role for ensuring normal operation of equipment in aerospace, such as monitoring and identifying abnormal vibrations of aircraft engines. Phase transitions of piezoelectric crystals, mechanical failure and current leakage of piezoresistive/capacitive materials are the prominent inherent limitations of present high-temperature accelerometers working continuously above 973 K. With the rapid development of aerospace, it is a great challenge to develop a new type of vibration sensor to meet the crucial demands at high temperature. Here we report a high-temperature accelerometer working with a contact resistance mechanism. Based on the improved graphene aerogel (GA) prepared by a modulated treatment process, the accelerometer can operate continuously and stably at 1073 K and intermittently at 1273 K. The developed sensor is lightweight (sensitive element <5 mg) and has high sensitivity (an order of magnitude higher than MEMS accelerometers) and wide frequency response range (up to 5 kHz at 1073 K) with marked stability, repeatability and low nonlinearity error (<1%). These merits are attributed to the excellent and stable mechanical properties of the improved GA in the range of 299-1073 K. The accelerometer could be a promising candidate for high-temperature vibration sensing in space stations, planetary rovers and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhuojian Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingrong Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Xiaogang Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Penghui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaoqing Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guanghui Rao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
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13
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Han S, Zou M, Pu X, Lu Y, Tian Y, Li H, Liu Y, Wu F, Huang N, Shen M, Song E, Wang D. Smart MXene‐based bioelectronic devices as wearable health monitor for sensing human physiological signals. VIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20230005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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14
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Polymer/Graphene Nanocomposites via 3D and 4D Printing—Design and Technical Potential. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene is an important nanocarbon nanofiller for polymeric matrices. The polymer–graphene nanocomposites, obtained through facile fabrication methods, possess significant electrical–thermal–mechanical and physical properties for technical purposes. To overcome challenges of polymer–graphene nanocomposite processing and high performance, advanced fabrication strategies have been applied to design the next-generation materials–devices. This revolutionary review basically offers a fundamental sketch of graphene, polymer–graphene nanocomposite and three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) printing techniques. The main focus of the article is to portray the impact of 3D and 4D printing techniques in the field of polymer–graphene nanocomposites. Polymeric matrices, such as polyamide, polycaprolactone, polyethylene, poly(lactic acid), etc. with graphene, have been processed using 3D or 4D printing technologies. The 3D and 4D printing employ various cutting-edge processes and offer engineering opportunities to meet the manufacturing demands of the nanomaterials. The 3D printing methods used for graphene nanocomposites include direct ink writing, selective laser sintering, stereolithography, fused deposition modeling and other approaches. Thermally stable poly(lactic acid)–graphene oxide nanocomposites have been processed using a direct ink printing technique. The 3D-printed poly(methyl methacrylate)–graphene have been printed using stereolithography and additive manufacturing techniques. The printed poly(methyl methacrylate)–graphene nanocomposites revealed enhanced morphological, mechanical and biological properties. The polyethylene–graphene nanocomposites processed by fused diffusion modeling have superior thermal conductivity, strength, modulus and radiation- shielding features. The poly(lactic acid)–graphene nanocomposites have been processed using a number of 3D printing approaches, including fused deposition modeling, stereolithography, etc., resulting in unique honeycomb morphology, high surface temperature, surface resistivity, glass transition temperature and linear thermal coefficient. The 4D printing has been applied on acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, poly(lactic acid) and thermosetting matrices with graphene nanofiller. Stereolithography-based 4D-printed polymer–graphene nanomaterials have revealed complex shape-changing nanostructures having high resolution. These materials have high temperature stability and high performance for technical applications. Consequently, the 3D- or 4D-printed polymer–graphene nanocomposites revealed technical applications in high temperature relevance, photovoltaics, sensing, energy storage and other technical fields. In short, this paper has reviewed the background of 3D and 4D printing, graphene-based nanocomposite fabrication using 3D–4D printing, development in printing technologies and applications of 3D–4D printing.
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15
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Wang H, Li S, Lu H, Zhu M, Liang H, Wu X, Zhang Y. Carbon-Based Flexible Devices for Comprehensive Health Monitoring. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201340. [PMID: 36617527 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional public health systems suffer from incomprehensive, delayed, and inefficient medical services. Convenient and comprehensive health monitoring has been highly sought after recently. Flexible and wearable devices are attracting wide attention due to their potential applications in wearable human health monitoring and care systems. Using carbon materials with overall superiorities can facilitate the development of wearable and flexible devices with various functions and excellent performance, which can comprehensively and real-time monitor human health status and prevent diseases. Herein, the latest advances in the rational design and controlled fabrication of carbon materials for applications in health-related flexible and wearable electronics are reviewed. The fabrication strategies, working mechanism, performance, and applications in health monitoring of carbon-based flexible devices, including electromechanical sensors, temperature/humidity sensors, chemical sensors, and flexible conductive wires/electrodes, are reviewed. Furthermore, integrating multiple carbon-based devices into multifunctional wearable systems is discussed. Finally, the existing challenges and future opportunities in this field are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Mengjia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Huarun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xunen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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16
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Guo X, Hong W, Zhao Y, Zhu T, Liu L, Li H, Wang Z, Wang D, Mai Z, Zhang T, Yang J, Zhang F, Xia Y, Hong Q, Xu Y, Yan F, Wang M, Xing G. Bioinspired Dual-Mode Stretchable Strain Sensor Based on Magnetic Nanocomposites for Strain/Magnetic Discrimination. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205316. [PMID: 36394201 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, flexible stretchable sensors have been gaining attention for their excellent adaptability for electronic skin applications. However, the preparation of stretchable strain sensors that achieve dual-mode sensing while still retaining ultra-low detection limit of strain, high sensitivity, and low cost is a pressing task. Herein, a high-performance dual-mode stretchable strain sensor (DMSSS) based on biomimetic scorpion foot slit microstructures and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/graphene (GR)/silicone rubber (SR)/Fe3 O4 nanocomposites is proposed, which can accurately sense strain and magnetic stimuli. The DMSSS exhibits a large strain detection range (≈160%), sensitivity up to 100.56 (130-160%), an ultra-low detection limit of strain (0.16% strain), and superior durability (9000 cycles of stretch/release). The sensor can accurately recognize sign language movement, as well as realize object proximity information perception and whole process information monitoring. Furthermore, human joint movements and micro-expressions can be monitored in real-time. Therefore, the DMSSS of this work opens up promising prospects for applications in sign language pose recognition, non-contact sensing, human-computer interaction, and electronic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Target Recognition and Feature Extraction, Lu'an, 237010, China
| | - Weiqiang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yunong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Hubei JiuFengShan Laboratory, Future Science and Technology City, Wuhan, Hubei, 420000, China
| | - Zhihong Mai
- Hubei JiuFengShan Laboratory, Future Science and Technology City, Wuhan, Hubei, 420000, China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jinyang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Fengzhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Bengbu Zhengyuan Electronics Technology Co., Ltd, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Qi Hong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yaohua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Ming Wang
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guozhong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
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17
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Chen Y, Pu X, Xu X, Shi M, Li HJ, Wang D. PET/ZnO@MXene-Based Flexible Fabrics with Dual Piezoelectric Functions of Compression and Tension. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 23:91. [PMID: 36616693 PMCID: PMC9823752 DOI: 10.3390/s23010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The traditional self-supported piezoelectric thin films prepared by filtration methods are limited in practical applications due to their poor tensile properties. The strategy of using flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric as the flexible substrate is beneficial to enhancing the flexibility and stretchability of the flexible device, thus extending the applications of pressure sensors. In this work, a novel wearable pressure sensor is prepared, of which uniform and dense ZnO nanoarray-coated PET fabrics are covered by a two-dimensional MXene nanosheet. The ternary structure incorporates the advantages of the three components including the superior piezoelectric properties of ZnO nanorod arrays, the excellent flexibility of the PET substrate, and the outstanding conductivity of MXene, resulting in a novel wearable sensor with excellent pressure-sensitive properties. The PET/ZnO@MXene pressure sensor exhibits excellent sensing performance (S = 53.22 kPa-1), fast response/recovery speeds (150 ms and 100 ms), and superior flexural stability (over 30 cycles at 5% strain). The composite fabric also shows high sensitivity in both motion monitoring and physiological signal detection (e.g., device bending, elbow bending, finger bending, wrist pulse peaks, and sound signal discrimination). These findings provide insight into composite fabric-based pressure-sensitive materials, demonstrating the great significance and promising prospects in the field of flexible pressure sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hui-Jun Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science & Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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18
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Smocot S, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Guo S, Cao C. Printed flexible mechanical sensors. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17134-17156. [PMID: 36385388 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04015h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flexible mechanical sensors (e.g., strain, pressure, and force) fabricated primarily by printing technologies have emerged and evolved promptly in the past several years. 2D and 3D printing approaches enabled rapid prototyping of various flexible mechanical sensors that have demonstrated their unique applications in fields including robotics, human-machine interfaces, and biomedicine. Research efforts have primarily been focused on experimenting with different materials, device configurations, and sensing mechanisms to achieve better sensing performance. While great progress has been made, this field is still in its infancy where most research is exploratory; and even the performance standards and long-term objective/vision of these sensors are not clear. In this review, the state-of-the-art of three types of printed flexible mechanical sensors will be discussed and analyzed in terms of their fabrication methods, types of sensing materials and mechanisms, and challenges for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Smocot
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Zixin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Shu Guo
- School of Vehicle and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China.
| | - Changhong Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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19
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Silver nanoparticles based on Sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposite: synthesized, characterization, and antibacterial activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 221:113009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Yang Y, Wei Y, Guo Z, Hou W, Liu Y, Tian H, Ren TL. From Materials to Devices: Graphene toward Practical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200671. [PMID: 36008156 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, as an emerging 2D material, has been playing an important role in flexible electronics since its discovery in 2004. The representative fabrication methods of graphene include mechanical exfoliation, liquid-phase exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, redox reaction, etc. Based on its excellent mechanical, electrical, thermo-acoustical, optical, and other properties, graphene has made a great progress in the development of mechanical sensors, microphone, sound source, electrophysiological detection, solar cells, synaptic transistors, light-emitting devices, and so on. In different application fields, large-scale, low-cost, high-quality, and excellent performance are important factors that limit the industrialization development of graphene. Therefore, laser scribing technology, roll-to-roll technology is used to reduce the cost. High-quality graphene can be obtained through chemical vapor deposition processes. The performance can be improved through the design of structure of the devices, and the homogeneity and stability of devices can be achieved by mechanized machining means. In total, graphene devices show promising prospect for the practical fields of sports monitoring, health detection, voice recognition, energy, etc. There is a hot issue for industry to create and maintain the market competitiveness of graphene products through increasing its versatility and killer application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuhong Wei
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhanfeng Guo
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weiwei Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - He Tian
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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21
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Simple low-cost 3D metal printing via plastic skeleton burning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7963. [PMID: 35562387 PMCID: PMC9103603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing of complex volumetric structures opened new frontiers in many technological fields, turning previously inconceivable designs into a practical reality. Electromagnetic components, including antenna and waveguiding elements, can benefit from exploring the third dimension. While fused deposition modeling (FDM) polymer printers become widely accessible, they manufacture structures with moderately low electromagnetic permittivities, compared to metals. However, metal 3D printers, being capable of producing complex volumetric constructions, remain extremely expensive and hard to maintain apparatus, suitable for high-end market applications. Here we develop a new metal printing technique, based on a low-cost and simple FDM device and subsequent electrochemical deposition. For testing the new method, we fabricated several antenna devices and compared their performances to standard printed FeCl3 etched board-based counterparts, demonstrating clear advantages of the new technique. Our new metal printing can be applied to manufacture electromagnetic devices as well as metallic structures for other applications.
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22
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Li S, Zhao Z, Liu D, An J, Gao Y, Zhou L, Li Y, Cui S, Wang J, Wang ZL. A Self-Powered Dual-Type Signal Vector Sensor for Smart Robotics and Automatic Vehicles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110363. [PMID: 35122332 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Automatic control systems are the most efficient technology for reducing labor cost while improving work efficiency. Vector motion monitoring is indispensable for the normal operation of automatic control systems. Here, a self-powered dual-type signal triboelectric nanogenerator (DS-TENG) is designed through integrating an alternating-current TENG and a direct-current TENG, which can monitor vector movement in real time based on pulse signal counts. As a result, the DS-TENG avoids the shortcoming of traditional self-powered sensors based on signal amplitude that is sensitive to the working environment, achieves a high sensing precision, and maintains stability after reciprocating motion of 500 000 cycles. Moreover, it realizes effective movement direction recognition by self-powered switching of signal type in reverse movement. This dual-type signal TENG exhibits high precision and automatic direction recognition in vector motion monitor and trajectory tracker, paving the way for the application of the self-powered TENG sensor in automatic control systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxin Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Di Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie An
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yikui Gao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Linglin Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Cui
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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23
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Wang Y, Yue Y, Cheng F, Cheng Y, Ge B, Liu N, Gao Y. Ti 3C 2T x MXene-Based Flexible Piezoresistive Physical Sensors. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1734-1758. [PMID: 35148056 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MXenes have received increasing attention due to their two-dimensional layered structure, high conductivity, hydrophilicity, and large specific surface area. Because of these distinctive advantages, MXenes are considered as very competitive pressure-sensitive materials in applications of flexible piezoresistive sensors. This work reviews the preparation methods, basic properties, and assembly methods of MXenes and their recent developments in piezoresistive sensor applications. The recent developments of MXene-based flexible piezoresistive sensors can be categorized into one-dimensional fibrous, two-dimensional planar, and three-dimensional sensors according to their various structures. The trends of multifunctional integration of MXene-based pressure sensors are also summarized. Finally, we end this review by describing the opportunities and challenges for MXene-based pressure sensors and the great prospects of MXenes in the field of pressure sensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Wang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yue
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yongfa Cheng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Binghui Ge
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Nishuang Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Yihua Gao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
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24
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Liu Z, Zhu T, Wang J, Zheng Z, Li Y, Li J, Lai Y. Functionalized Fiber-Based Strain Sensors: Pathway to Next-Generation Wearable Electronics. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:61. [PMID: 35165824 PMCID: PMC8844338 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Wearable strain sensors are arousing increasing research interests in recent years on account of their potentials in motion detection, personal and public healthcare, future entertainment, man-machine interaction, artificial intelligence, and so forth. Much research has focused on fiber-based sensors due to the appealing performance of fibers, including processing flexibility, wearing comfortability, outstanding lifetime and serviceability, low-cost and large-scale capacity. Herein, we review the latest advances in functionalization and device fabrication of fiber materials toward applications in fiber-based wearable strain sensors. We describe the approaches for preparing conductive fibers such as spinning, surface modification, and structural transformation. We also introduce the fabrication and sensing mechanisms of state-of-the-art sensors and analyze their merits and demerits. The applications toward motion detection, healthcare, man-machine interaction, future entertainment, and multifunctional sensing are summarized with typical examples. We finally critically analyze tough challenges and future remarks of fiber-based strain sensors, aiming to implement them in real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Liu
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Tianxue Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Junru Wang
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jiashen Li
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Yuekun Lai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
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25
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Duan Q, Lan B, Lv Y. Highly Dispersed, Adhesive Carbon Nanotube Ink for Strain and Pressure Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1973-1982. [PMID: 34978177 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) with prominent electrical and mechanical properties are ideal candidates for flexible wearable devices. However, their poor dispersity in solvents greatly limits their applications as a conductive ink in the fabrication of wearable sensors. Herein, we demonstrate a kind of CNT-based conductive dispersion with high dispersity and adhesiveness using cellulose derivatives as the solvent, in which γ-aminopropyl triethoxy silane as a cross-linking agent reacts with cellulose to form copolymer networks, and simultaneously it also acts as an initiator to induce the self-polymerization of dopamine. Based on the conductive CNT ink, we also demonstrated textile-based strain sensors by stencil printing and sponge-based pressure sensors by the dipping method. The textile-based strain sensors could respond to external stimuli promptly. Then, the strain sensors were encapsulated via polydimethylsiloxane with the expansion of working ranges from less than 20 to nearly 70%. The encapsulated textile sensors exhibited excellent sensing performance as wearable strain sensors to monitor human motions including smile, throat vibration, finger folding, wrist bending, and elbow twisting. The sponge sensors hold high sensitivity and excellent durability as well. The conductive CNT-based ink provides an alternative idea in the development of flexible wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Duan
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bijian Lan
- Taicang Biqi New Materials Research and Development Inc., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215431, China
| | - Yinxiang Lv
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
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26
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Chen R, Zhou X. Recent advances in 2D graphene reinforced metal matrix composites. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:062003. [PMID: 34619669 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2dc7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The unique combination of excellent mechanical and functional properties makes graphene an ideal component for high-performance 'smart' composites, which are sensitive to thermal, optical, electrical and mechanical excitations, hence being potential in application of a range of sensors. It has confirmed that the addition of graphene into metal matrix can significantly enhance the mechanical property and deliver surprising functional properties. Thus, graphene reinforced metal matrix composites (GMMCs) have long been regarded as potential prospects of nanotechnology applications. Recently, researchers mainly focused on: (i) solving the interfacial issues and realizing controllable alignment of graphene in metal matrix to achieve optimal performance; (ii) reasonable designing of the microstructures basing on usage requirement and then fabricating via efficient technique. Thus, it is necessary to figure out key roles of microstructure in fabrication process, mechanical and multi-functional properties. This review consists of four parts: (i) fabrication process. The fabrication processes are firstly divided into three kinds basing on the different bonding nature between graphene and metal matrix. (ii) Mechanical property. The microstructural characteristics of metal matrix accompanying by the incorporation of graphene and their vital effects on mechanical properties of GMMCs are systematically summarized. (iii) Functional property. The crucial effects of microstructure on electrical and thermal properties are summarized. (iv) Prospect applications and future challenges. Application and challenges basing on the research status are discussed to provide useful directions for future exploration in related fields. All these four parts are discussed with a focus on key role of microstructure characteristics, which is instructive for the microstructures design and fabrication process optimization during academic researches and potential commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences (CUG), Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
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27
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Xiong S, Zhou J, Wu J, Li H, Zhao W, He C, Liu Y, Chen Y, Fu Y, Duan H. High Performance Acoustic Wave Nitrogen Dioxide Sensor with Ultraviolet Activated 3D Porous Architecture of Ag-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide and Polypyrrole Aerogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:42094-42103. [PMID: 34431295 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices have been widely explored for real-time monitoring of toxic and irritant chemical gases such as nitrogen oxide (NO2), but they often have issues such as a complicated process of the sensing layer, low sensitivity, long response time, irreversibility, and/or requirement of high temperatures to enhance sensitivity. Herein, we report a sensing material design for room-temperature NO2 detection based on a 3D porous architecture of Ag-decorated reduced graphene oxide-polypyrrole hybrid aerogels (rGO-PPy/Ag) and apply UV activation as an effective strategy to further enhance the NO2 sensing performance. The rGO-PPy/Ag-based SAW sensor with the UV activation exhibits high sensitivity (127.68 Hz/ppm), fast response/recovery time (36.7 s/58.5 s), excellent reproducibility and selectivity, and fast recoverability. Its enhancement mechanisms for highly sensitive and selective detection of NO2 are based on a 3D porous architecture, Ag-decorated rGO-PPy, p-p heterojunction in rGO-PPy/Ag, and UV photogenerated carriers generated in the sensing layer. The scientific findings of this work will provide the guidance for future exploration of next-generation acoustic-wave-based gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Xiong
- Engineering Research Center of Automotive Electrics and Control Technology, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Automotive Electrics and Control Technology, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Automotive Electrics and Control Technology, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Honglang Li
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Semiconductor, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510651, China
| | - Chenguang He
- Institute of Semiconductor, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510651, China
| | - Yi Liu
- National Innovation Center of Advanced Rail Transit Equipment, Zhuzhou 412005, China
| | - Yiqin Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Automotive Electrics and Control Technology, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yongqing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Huigao Duan
- Engineering Research Center of Automotive Electrics and Control Technology, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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28
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Optimization of Granulation Process for Binder-Free Biochar-Based Fertilizer from Digestate and Its Slow-Release Performance. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13158573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Granulation of biochar-based fertilizer is one potential method to reduce transportation costs, provide for enhanced handling, and decrease the loss of fertilizer during soil application. This study aimed to synthesize binder-free biogas residue biochar-based fertilizer (RBF) pellets and investigate their physical properties and slow-release potential. Results showed that the physical properties and forming quality of the pellets reached the best when the moisture content was 7.84%, the diameter was 7 mm, the compression speed was 49.54 mm/min, and the molding pressure was 7.5 MPa. Sustained-release kinetic analysis and characterization results identified that the RBF had excellent nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) sustained release properties. The sustained release of nutrients gradually increased with the drying temperature, and the sustained-release effect of P was the best, followed by that of N and K. Therefore, RBF pellets may be applied as a green slow-release fertilizer in agricultural production. Physical, chemical, and slow-release properties could be improved by optimizing the drying and granulation process parameters, thus providing a new idea for the combination of kitchen waste recycling and sustainable agricultural development.
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29
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Barmpakos D, Kaltsas G. A Review on Humidity, Temperature and Strain Printed Sensors-Current Trends and Future Perspectives. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:739. [PMID: 33499146 PMCID: PMC7865274 DOI: 10.3390/s21030739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Printing technologies have been attracting increasing interest in the manufacture of electronic devices and sensors. They offer a unique set of advantages such as additive material deposition and low to no material waste, digitally-controlled design and printing, elimination of multiple steps for device manufacturing, wide material compatibility and large scale production to name but a few. Some of the most popular and interesting sensors are relative humidity, temperature and strain sensors. In that regard, this review analyzes the utilization and involvement of printing technologies for full or partial sensor manufacturing; production methods, material selection, sensing mechanisms and performance comparison are presented for each category, while grouping of sensor sub-categories is performed in all applicable cases. A key aim of this review is to provide a reference for sensor designers regarding all the aforementioned parameters, by highlighting strengths and weaknesses for different approaches in printed humidity, temperature and strain sensor manufacturing with printing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Barmpakos
- microSENSES Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, Ancient Olive-Grove Campus, 12243 Athens, Greece;
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, P.O. Box 60037, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
- Physics Department, University of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Grigoris Kaltsas
- microSENSES Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, Ancient Olive-Grove Campus, 12243 Athens, Greece;
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