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Mukherji A, Jühling F, Simanjuntak Y, Crouchet E, Del Zompo F, Teraoka Y, Haller A, Baltzinger P, Paritala S, Rasha F, Fujiwara N, Gadenne C, Slovic N, Oudot MA, Durand SC, Ponsolles C, Schuster C, Zhuang X, Holmes J, Yeh ML, Abe-Chayama H, Heikenwälder M, Sangiovanni A, Iavarone M, Colombo M, Foung SKH, McKeating JA, Davidson I, Yu ML, Chung RT, Hoshida Y, Chayama K, Lupberger J, Baumert TF. An atlas of the human liver diurnal transcriptome and its perturbation by hepatitis C virus infection. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7486. [PMID: 39209804 PMCID: PMC11362569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease and cancer are global health challenges. The role of the circadian clock as a regulator of liver physiology and disease is well established in rodents, however, the identity and epigenetic regulation of rhythmically expressed genes in human disease is less well studied. Here we unravel the rhythmic transcriptome and epigenome of human hepatocytes using male human liver chimeric mice. We identify a large number of rhythmically expressed protein coding genes in human hepatocytes of male chimeric mice, which includes key transcription factors, chromatin modifiers, and critical enzymes. We show that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, a major cause of liver disease and cancer, perturbs the transcriptome by altering the rhythmicity of the expression of more than 1000 genes, and affects the epigenome, leading to an activation of critical pathways mediating metabolic alterations, fibrosis, and cancer. HCV-perturbed rhythmic pathways remain dysregulated in patients with advanced liver disease. Collectively, these data support a role for virus-induced perturbation of the hepatic rhythmic transcriptome and pathways in cancer development and may provide opportunities for cancer prevention and biomarkers to predict HCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish Mukherji
- University of Strasbourg, Institute of Translational Medicine and Liver Diseases (ITM), Inserm UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frank Jühling
- University of Strasbourg, Institute of Translational Medicine and Liver Diseases (ITM), Inserm UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yogy Simanjuntak
- University of Strasbourg, Institute of Translational Medicine and Liver Diseases (ITM), Inserm UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emilie Crouchet
- University of Strasbourg, Institute of Translational Medicine and Liver Diseases (ITM), Inserm UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabio Del Zompo
- University of Strasbourg, Institute of Translational Medicine and Liver Diseases (ITM), Inserm UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yuji Teraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Alexandre Haller
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Philippe Baltzinger
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Soumith Paritala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Fahmida Rasha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cloé Gadenne
- University of Strasbourg, Institute of Translational Medicine and Liver Diseases (ITM), Inserm UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nevena Slovic
- University of Strasbourg, Institute of Translational Medicine and Liver Diseases (ITM), Inserm UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marine A Oudot
- University of Strasbourg, Institute of Translational Medicine and Liver Diseases (ITM), Inserm UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah C Durand
- University of Strasbourg, Institute of Translational Medicine and Liver Diseases (ITM), Inserm UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Clara Ponsolles
- University of Strasbourg, Institute of Translational Medicine and Liver Diseases (ITM), Inserm UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Schuster
- University of Strasbourg, Institute of Translational Medicine and Liver Diseases (ITM), Inserm UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, UCL, Pears Building, Rowland Hill St, London, NW3 2PP, UK
| | - Jacinta Holmes
- University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hiromi Abe-Chayama
- Center for Medical Specialist Graduate Education and Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mathias Heikenwälder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- M3 Research Center, Tübingen, Germany and Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, " Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angelo Sangiovanni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Iavarone
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Steven K H Foung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jane A McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Gastrointestinal Division, Hepatology and Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Hiroshima Institute of Life Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Joachim Lupberger
- University of Strasbourg, Institute of Translational Medicine and Liver Diseases (ITM), Inserm UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- University of Strasbourg, Institute of Translational Medicine and Liver Diseases (ITM), Inserm UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France.
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Service, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- IHU, Strasbourg, France.
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Tu T, Wettengel J, Xia Y, Testoni B, Littlejohn M, Le Bert N, Ebert G, Verrier ER, Tavis JE, Cohen C. Major open questions in the hepatitis B and D field - Proceedings of the inaugural International emerging hepatitis B and hepatitis D researchers workshop. Virology 2024; 595:110089. [PMID: 38640789 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The early and mid-career researchers (EMCRs) of scientific communities represent the forefront of research and the future direction in which a field takes. The opinions of this key demographic are not commonly aggregated to audit fields and precisely demonstrate where challenges lie for the future. To address this, we initiated the inaugural International Emerging Researchers Workshop for the global Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D scientific community (75 individuals). The cohort was split into small discussion groups and the significant problems, challenges, and future directions were assessed. Here, we summarise the outcome of these discussions and outline the future directions suggested by the EMCR community. We show an effective approach to gauging and accumulating the ideas of EMCRs and provide a succinct summary of the significant gaps remaining in the Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tu
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jochen Wettengel
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA; Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich /Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Munich Partner Site, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuchen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China; Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan, China
| | - Barbara Testoni
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR-5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; University of Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard, Lyon, France; Hepatology Institute of Lyon, France
| | - Margaret Littlejohn
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Department of Infectious Disease, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nina Le Bert
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Gregor Ebert
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich /Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eloi R Verrier
- University of Strasbourg, Inserm, Institute for Translational Medicine and Liver Disease, UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - John E Tavis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine and the Saint Louis University Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Zhou J, Wang H, Ouyang Q. Mathematical modeling of viral infection and the immune response controlled by the circadian clock. J Biol Phys 2024; 50:197-214. [PMID: 38641676 PMCID: PMC11106228 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-024-09655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Time of day affects how well the immune system responds to viral or bacterial infections. While it is well known that the immune system is regulated by the circadian clock, the dynamic origin of time-of-day-dependent immunity remains unclear. In this paper, we studied the circadian control of immune response upon infection of influenza A virus through mathematical modeling. Dynamic simulation analyses revealed that the time-of-day-dependent immunity was rooted in the relative phase between the circadian clock and the pulse of viral infection. The relative phase, which depends on the time the infection occurs, plays a crucial role in the immune response. It can drive the immune system to one of two distinct bistable states, a high inflammatory state with a higher mortality rate or a safe state characterized by low inflammation. The mechanism we found here also explained why the same species infected by different viruses has different time-of-day-dependent immunities. Further, the time-of-day-dependent immunity was found to be abolished when the immune system was regulated by an impaired circadian clock with decreased oscillation amplitude or without oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Qi Ouyang
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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4
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Das S, Khan R, Banerjee S, Ray S, Ray S. Alterations in Circadian Rhythms, Sleep, and Physical Activity in COVID-19: Mechanisms, Interventions, and Lessons for the Future. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04178-5. [PMID: 38702566 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Although the world is acquitting from the throes of COVID-19 and returning to the regularity of life, its effects on physical and mental health are prominently evident in the post-pandemic era. The pandemic subjected us to inadequate sleep and physical activities, stress, irregular eating patterns, and work hours beyond the regular rest-activity cycle. Thus, perturbing the synchrony of the regular circadian clock functions led to chronic psychiatric and neurological disorders and poor immunological response in several COVID-19 survivors. Understanding the links between the host immune system and viral replication machinery from a clock-infection biology perspective promises novel avenues of intervention. Behavioral improvements in our daily lifestyle can reduce the severity and expedite the convalescent stage of COVID-19 by maintaining consistent eating, sleep, and physical activity schedules. Including dietary supplements and nutraceuticals with prophylactic value aids in combating COVID-19, as their deficiency can lead to a higher risk of infection, vulnerability, and severity of COVID-19. Thus, besides developing therapeutic measures, perpetual healthy practices could also contribute to combating the upcoming pandemics. This review highlights the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on biological rhythms, sleep-wake cycles, physical activities, and eating patterns and how those disruptions possibly contribute to the response, severity, and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Rajni Khan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Hajipur, Vaishali, Hajipur, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Srishti Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Shashikant Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, 845401, India.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Sandipan Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284, Telangana, India.
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Borrmann H, Rijo-Ferreira F. Crosstalk between circadian clocks and pathogen niche. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012157. [PMID: 38723104 PMCID: PMC11081299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are intrinsic 24-hour oscillations found in nearly all life forms. They orchestrate key physiological and behavioral processes, allowing anticipation and response to daily environmental changes. These rhythms manifest across entire organisms, in various organs, and through intricate molecular feedback loops that govern cellular oscillations. Recent studies describe circadian regulation of pathogens, including parasites, bacteria, viruses, and fungi, some of which have their own circadian rhythms while others are influenced by the rhythmic environment of hosts. Pathogens target specific tissues and organs within the host to optimize their replication. Diverse cellular compositions and the interplay among various cell types create unique microenvironments in different tissues, and distinctive organs have unique circadian biology. Hence, residing pathogens are exposed to cyclic conditions, which can profoundly impact host-pathogen interactions. This review explores the influence of circadian rhythms and mammalian tissue-specific interactions on the dynamics of pathogen-host relationships. Overall, this demonstrates the intricate interplay between the body's internal timekeeping system and its susceptibility to pathogens, which has implications for the future of infectious disease research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Borrmann
- Berkeley Public Health, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Filipa Rijo-Ferreira
- Berkeley Public Health, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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March S, Nerurkar N, Jain A, Andrus L, Kim D, Whittaker CA, Tan EK, Thiberge S, Fleming HE, Mancio-Silva L, Rice CM, Bhatia SN. Autonomous circadian rhythms in the human hepatocyte regulate hepatic drug metabolism and inflammatory responses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm9281. [PMID: 38657074 PMCID: PMC11042741 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm9281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Critical aspects of physiology and cell function exhibit self-sustained ~24-hour variations termed circadian rhythms. In the liver, circadian rhythms play fundamental roles in maintaining organ homeostasis. Here, we established and characterized an in vitro liver experimental system in which primary human hepatocytes display self-sustained oscillations. By generating gene expression profiles of these hepatocytes over time, we demonstrated that their transcriptional state is dynamic across 24 hours and identified a set of cycling genes with functions related to inflammation, drug metabolism, and energy homeostasis. We designed and tested a treatment protocol to minimize atorvastatin- and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Last, we documented circadian-dependent induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines when triggered by LPS, IFN-β, or Plasmodium infection in human hepatocytes. Collectively, our findings emphasize that the phase of the circadian cycle has a robust impact on the efficacy and toxicity of drugs, and we provide a test bed to study the timing and magnitude of inflammatory responses over the course of infection in human liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra March
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Niketa Nerurkar
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anisha Jain
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Linda Andrus
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, NY, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Kim
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Charles A. Whittaker
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Edward K.W. Tan
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sabine Thiberge
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1201, CNRS EMR9195, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Centre de Production et d’Infection des Anophèles, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Heather E. Fleming
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Liliana Mancio-Silva
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1201, CNRS EMR9195, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Charles M. Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, NY, New York, USA
| | - Sangeeta N. Bhatia
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Wyss Institute at Harvard University, 201 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Panasiuk A, Tarasewicz M, Chodowiec A, Łokić A, Gan K. Biological rhythms of the liver. Clin Exp Hepatol 2024; 10:1-8. [PMID: 38765904 PMCID: PMC11100343 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2024.136220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The biological rhythm is a fundamental aspect of an organism, regulating many physiological processes. This study focuses on the analysis of the molecular basis of circadian rhythms and its impact on the functioning of the liver. The regulation of biological rhythms is carried out by the clock system, which consists of the central clock and peripheral clocks. The central clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and is regulated by signals received from the retinal pathway. The SCN regulates the circadian rhythm of the entire body through its indirect influence on the peripheral clocks. In turn, the peripheral clocks can maintain their own rhythm, independent of the SCN, by creating special feedback loops between transcriptional and translational factors. The main protein families involved in these processes are CLOCK, BMAL, PER and CRY. Disorders in the expression of these factors have a significant impact on the functioning of the liver. In such cases lipid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, bile acid metabolism, alcohol metabolism, and xenobiotic detoxification can be significantly affected. Clock dysfunctions contribute to the pathogenesis of various disorders, including fatty liver disease, liver cirrhosis and different types of cancer. Therefore understanding circadian rhythm can have significant implications for the therapy of many liver diseases, as well as the development of new preventive and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatol Panasiuk
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mirosław Tarasewicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Internal Diseases with the Center of Diagnostics and Endoscopic Treatment, Provincial Welded Hospital in Bialystok, Poland
| | - Albert Chodowiec
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Internal Diseases with the Center of Diagnostics and Endoscopic Treatment, Provincial Welded Hospital in Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Łokić
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Internal Diseases with the Center of Diagnostics and Endoscopic Treatment, Provincial Welded Hospital in Bialystok, Poland
| | - Kacper Gan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Internal Diseases with the Center of Diagnostics and Endoscopic Treatment, Provincial Welded Hospital in Bialystok, Poland
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Liu Z, Zhang J, Li S, Wang H, Ren B, Li J, Bao Z, Liu J, Guo M, Yang G, Chen L. Circadian control of ConA-induced acute liver injury and inflammatory response via Bmal1 regulation of Junb. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100856. [PMID: 37791375 PMCID: PMC10542646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Circadian rhythms play significant roles in immune responses, and many inflammatory processes in liver diseases are associated with malfunctioning molecular clocks. However, the significance of the circadian clock in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), which is characterised by immune-mediated hepatocyte destruction and extensive inflammatory cytokine production, remains unclear. Methods We tested the difference in susceptibility to the immune-mediated liver injury induced by concanavalin A (ConA) at various time points throughout a day in mice and analysed the effects of global, hepatocyte, or myeloid cell deletion of the core clock gene, Bmal1 (basic helix-loop-helix ARNT-like 1), on liver injury and inflammatory responses. Multiple molecular biology techniques and mice with macrophage-specific knockdown of Junb, a Bmal1 target gene, were used to investigate the involvement of Junb in the circadian control of ConA-induced hepatitis. Results The susceptibility to ConA-induced liver injury is highly dependent on the timing of ConA injection. The treatment at Zeitgeber time 0 (lights on) triggers the highest mortality as well as the severest liver injury and inflammatory responses. Further study revealed that this timing effect was driven by macrophage, but not hepatocyte, Bmal1. Mechanistically, Bmal1 controls the diurnal variation of ConA-induced hepatitis by directly regulating the circadian transcription of Junb and promoting M1 macrophage activation. Inhibition of Junb in macrophages blunts the administration time-dependent effect of ConA and attenuates liver injury. Moreover, we demonstrated that Junb promotes macrophage inflammation by regulating AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling pathways. Conclusions Our findings uncover a critical role of the Bmal1-Junb-AKT/ERK axis in the circadian control of ConA-induced hepatitis and provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of AIH. Impact and Implications This study unveils a critical role of the Bmal1-Junb-AKT/ERK axis in the circadian control of ConA-induced liver injury, providing new insights into the prevention and treatment of immune-mediated hepatitis, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The findings have scientific implications as they enhance our understanding of the circadian regulation of immune responses in liver diseases. Furthermore, clinically, this research offers opportunities for optimising treatment strategies in immune-mediated hepatitis by considering the timing of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaiyi Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiayang Zhang
- Wuhu Hospital and Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyao Li
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Baoyin Ren
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jiazhi Li
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhiyue Bao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meina Guo
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guangrui Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Borrmann H, Ismed D, Kliszczak AE, Borrow P, Vasudevan S, Jagannath A, Zhuang X, McKeating JA. Inhibition of salt inducible kinases reduces rhythmic HIV-1 replication and reactivation from latency. J Gen Virol 2023; 104:001877. [PMID: 37529926 PMCID: PMC10721046 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) causes a major burden on global health, and eradication of latent virus infection is one of the biggest challenges in the field. The circadian clock is an endogenous timing system that oscillates with a ~24 h period regulating multiple physiological processes and cellular functions, and we recently reported that the cell intrinsic clock regulates rhythmic HIV-1 replication. Salt inducible kinases (SIK) contribute to circadian regulatory networks, however, there is limited evidence for SIKs regulating HIV-1 infection. Here, we show that pharmacological inhibition of SIKs perturbed the cellular clock and reduced rhythmic HIV-1 replication in circadian synchronised cells. Further, SIK inhibitors or genetic silencing of Sik expression inhibited viral replication in primary cells and in a latency model, respectively. Overall, this study demonstrates a role for salt inducible kinases in regulating HIV-1 replication and latency reactivation, which can provide innovative routes to better understand and target latent HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Borrmann
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dini Ismed
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna E. Kliszczak
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Persephone Borrow
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Aarti Jagannath
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jane A. McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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10
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Borrmann H, Ulkar G, Kliszczak AE, Ismed D, Schilling M, Magri A, Harris JM, Balfe P, Vasudevan S, Borrow P, Zhuang X, McKeating JA. Molecular components of the circadian clock regulate HIV-1 replication. iScience 2023; 26:107007. [PMID: 37534138 PMCID: PMC10391662 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) causes major health burdens worldwide and still lacks curative therapies and vaccines. Circadian rhythms are endogenous daily oscillations that coordinate an organism's response to its environment and invading pathogens. Peripheral viral loads of HIV-1 infected patients show diurnal variation; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate a role for the cell-intrinsic clock to regulate rhythmic HIV-1 replication in circadian-synchronized systems. Silencing the circadian activator Bmal1 abolishes this phenotype, and we observe BMAL1 binding to the HIV-1 promoter. Importantly, we show differential binding of the nuclear receptors REV-ERB and ROR to the HIV-long terminal repeat at different circadian times, demonstrating a dynamic interplay in time-of-day regulation of HIV-1 transcription. Bioinformatic analysis shows circadian regulation of host factors that control HIV-1 replication, providing an additional mechanism for rhythmic viral replication. This study increases our understanding of the circadian regulation of HIV-1, which can ultimately inform new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Borrmann
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Görkem Ulkar
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna E. Kliszczak
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dini Ismed
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mirjam Schilling
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Magri
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James M. Harris
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Balfe
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Persephone Borrow
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jane A. McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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11
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Taylor L, Von Lendenfeld F, Ashton A, Sanghani H, Di Pretoro S, Usselmann L, Veretennikova M, Dallmann R, McKeating JA, Vasudevan S, Jagannath A. Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption alters the lung transcriptome to predispose to viral infection. iScience 2023; 26:105877. [PMID: 36590897 PMCID: PMC9788990 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption (SCRD), as encountered during shift work, increases the risk of respiratory viral infection including SARS-CoV-2. However, the mechanism(s) underpinning higher rates of respiratory viral infection following SCRD remain poorly characterized. To address this, we investigated the effects of acute sleep deprivation on the mouse lung transcriptome. Here we show that sleep deprivation profoundly alters the transcriptional landscape of the lung, causing the suppression of both innate and adaptive immune systems, disrupting the circadian clock, and activating genes implicated in SARS-CoV-2 replication, thereby generating a lung environment that could promote viral infection and associated disease pathogenesis. Our study provides a mechanistic explanation of how SCRD increases the risk of respiratory viral infections including SARS-CoV-2 and highlights possible therapeutic avenues for the prevention and treatment of respiratory viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Taylor
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Felix Von Lendenfeld
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Anna Ashton
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Harshmeena Sanghani
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Simona Di Pretoro
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Laura Usselmann
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Building, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Maria Veretennikova
- Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology & Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, Department of Mathematics, Mathematical Sciences Building, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Robert Dallmann
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Building, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jane A. McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Sridhar Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Aarti Jagannath
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
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12
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Xia Y, Ding X, Wang S, Ren W. Circadian orchestration of host and gut microbiota in infection. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:115-131. [PMID: 36106627 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are present in almost every organism and regulate multiple aspects of biological and physiological processes (e.g. metabolism, immune responses, and microbial exposure). There exists a bidirectional circadian interaction between the host and its gut microbiota, and potential circadian orchestration of both host and gut microbiota in response to invading pathogens. In this review, we summarize what is known about these intestinal microbial oscillations and the relationships between host circadian clocks and various infectious agents (bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses), and discuss how host circadian clocks prime the immune system to fight pathogen infections as well as the direct effects of circadian clocks on viral activity (e.g. SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication). Finally, we consider strategies employed to realign normal circadian rhythmicity for host health, such as chronotherapy, dietary intervention, good sleep hygiene, and gut microbiota-targeted therapy. We propose that targeting circadian rhythmicity may provide therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730050, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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13
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Kalita E, Panda M, Prajapati VK. The interplay between circadian clock and viral infections: A molecular perspective. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 137:293-330. [PMID: 37709380 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock influences almost every aspect of mammalian behavioral, physiological and metabolic processes. Being a hierarchical network, the circadian clock is driven by the central clock in the brain and is composed of several peripheral tissue-specific clocks. It orchestrates and synchronizes the daily oscillations of biological processes to the environment. Several pathological events are influenced by time and seasonal variations and as such implicate the clock in pathogenesis mechanisms. In context with viral infections, circadian rhythmicity is closely associated with host susceptibility, disease severity, and pharmacokinetics and efficacies of antivirals and vaccines. Leveraging the circadian molecular mechanism insights has increased our understanding of clock infection biology and proposes new avenues for viral diagnostics and therapeutics. In this chapter, we address the molecular interplay between the circadian clock and viral infections and discuss the importance of chronotherapy as a complementary approach to conventional medicines, emphasizing the significance of virus-clock studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elora Kalita
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mamta Panda
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India..
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14
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Liver Disorders. LIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/livers2040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is vital for life as it is required for many different enzymatic reactions involved in intermediate metabolism and xenobiotic biotransformation. Moreover, oxygen consumption in the electron transport chain of mitochondria is used to drive the synthesis of ATP to meet the energetic demands of cells. However, toxic free radicals are generated as byproducts of molecular oxygen consumption. Oxidative stress ensues not only when the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds the endogenous antioxidant defense mechanism of cells, but it can also occur as a consequence of an unbalance between antioxidant strategies. Given the important role of hepatocytes in the biotransformation and metabolism of xenobiotics, ROS production represents a critical event in liver physiology, and increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress contributes to the development of many liver diseases. The present review, which is part of the special issue “Oxidant stress in Liver Diseases”, aims to provide an overview of the sources and targets of ROS in different liver diseases and highlights the pivotal role of oxidative stress in cell death. In addition, current antioxidant therapies as treatment options for such disorders and their limitations for future trial design are discussed.
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15
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Cheng Y, Yang C, Li Z, Li X, Zou X, Li L, Cui M, Tian A, Li X, He W, Zhao Z, Ding Y. Anti-influenza virus activity of the REV-ERBα agonist SR9009 and related analogues. Antiviral Res 2022; 207:105418. [PMID: 36122620 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
REV-ERBα is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors that aids in the regulation of many diseases. However, the prospect of using REV-ERBα for anti-influenza virus treatment remains poorly described, and there is an urgent need to develop effective anti-influenza agents due to the emergence of drug-resistant influenza viruses. In this study, eight SR9009 analogues were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their biological activities against multiple influenza virus strains (H1N1, H3N2, adamantane- and oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 and influenza B virus), using ribavirin as the positive control. SR9009 and its analogues showed low micromolar or submicromolar EC50 values and exhibited modestly improved antiviral potency compared to that of ribavirin. In particular, compound 5a possessed the most potent inhibitory activity (EC50 = 0.471, 0.644, 1.644, 0.712 and 0.661 μM for A/PR/8/34, A/WSN/33, A/Wisconsin/67/2005, B/Yamagata/16/88 and Hebei/SWL1/2006, respectively). Cotransfection assays showed that all synthesized derivatives efficaciously suppressed transcription driven by the Bmal1 promoter. Mechanistic study results indicated that 5a efficiently inhibited IAV replication and interfered with the ealry stage of influenza virus life cycle. In addition, we found that 5a upregulated the key antiviral interferon-stimulated genes MxA, OAS2 and CH25H. Further in-depth transcriptome analysis revealed a series of upregulated genes that may contribute to the antiviral activities of 5a. These findings may provide an important direction for the development of new host-targeted broad-spectrum antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chaofu Yang
- Pharmaceutical Department, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Zhan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiheng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaocui Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Menghan Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Airong Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhongpeng Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Yongsheng Ding
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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16
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Skrlec I, Talapko J. Hepatitis B and circadian rhythm of the liver. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3282-3296. [PMID: 36158265 PMCID: PMC9346465 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i27.3282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm in humans is determined by the central clock located in the hypothalamus’s suprachiasmatic nucleus, and it synchronizes the peripheral clocks in other tissues. Circadian clock genes and clock-controlled genes exist in almost all cell types. They have an essential role in many physiological processes, including lipid metabolism in the liver, regulation of the immune system, and the severity of infections. In addition, circadian rhythm genes can stimulate the immune response of host cells to virus infection. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of liver disease and liver cancer globally. HBV infection depends on the host cell, and hepatocyte circadian rhythm genes are associated with HBV replication, survival, and spread. The core circadian rhythm proteins, REV-ERB and brain and muscle ARNTL-like protein 1, have a crucial role in HBV replication in hepatocytes. In addition to influencing the virus’s life cycle, the circadian rhythm also affects the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of antiviral vaccines. Therefore, it is vital to apply antiviral therapy at the appropriate time of day to reduce toxicity and improve the effectiveness of antiviral treatment. For these reasons, understanding the role of the circadian rhythm in the regulation of HBV infection and host responses to the virus provides us with a new perspective of the interplay of the circadian rhythm and anti-HBV therapy. Therefore, this review emphasizes the importance of the circadian rhythm in HBV infection and the optimization of antiviral treatment based on the circadian rhythm-dependent immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Skrlec
- Department of Biophysics, Biology, and Chemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Talapko
- Department of Anatomy Histology, Embryology, Pathology Anatomy and Pathology Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Osijek 31000, Croatia
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17
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Abstract
The immune system is highly time-of-day dependent. Pioneering studies in the 1960s were the first to identify immune responses to be under a circadian control. Only in the last decade, however, have the molecular factors governing circadian immune rhythms been identified. These studies have revealed a highly complex picture of the interconnectivity of rhythmicity within immune cells with that of their environment. Here, we provide a global overview of the circadian immune system, focusing on recent advances in the rapidly expanding field of circadian immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lydia Kay Lutes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Coline Barnoud
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Scheiermann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Biomedical Center (BMC), Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine (WBex), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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18
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Rijo-Ferreira F, Takahashi JS. Circadian rhythms in infectious diseases and symbiosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 126:37-44. [PMID: 34625370 PMCID: PMC9183220 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Timing is everything. Many organisms across the tree of life have evolved timekeeping mechanisms that regulate numerous of their cellular functions to optimize timing by anticipating changes in the environment. The specific environmental changes that are sensed depends on the organism. For animals, plants, and free-living microbes, environmental cues include light/dark cycles, daily temperature fluctuations, among others. In contrast, for a microbe that is never free-living, its rhythmic environment is its host's rhythmic biology. Here, we describe recent research on the interactions between hosts and microbes, from the perspective both of symbiosis as well as infections. In addition to describing the biology of the microbes, we focus specifically on how circadian clocks modulate these host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Rijo-Ferreira
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
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19
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Blanco JR, Verdugo-Sivianes EM, Amiama A, Muñoz-Galván S. The circadian rhythm of viruses and its implications on susceptibility to infection. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:1109-1117. [PMID: 35546444 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2072296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circadian genes have an impact on multiple hormonal, metabolic, and immunological pathways and have recently been implicated in some infectious diseases. AREAS COVERED We review aspects related to the current knowledge about circadian rhythm and viral infections, their consequences, and the potential therapeutic options. EXPERT OPINION Expert opinion: In order to address a problem, it is necessary to know the topic in depth. Although in recent years there has been a growing interest in the role of circadian rhythms, many relevant questions remain to be resolved. Thus, the mechanisms linking the circadian machinery against viral infections are poorly understood. In a clear approach to personalized precision medicine, in order to treat a disease in the most appropriate phase of the circadian rhythm, and in order to achieve the optimal efficacy, it is highly recommended to carry out studies that improve the knowledge about the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Ramon Blanco
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Eva M Verdugo-Sivianes
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Amiama
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Sandra Muñoz-Galván
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms are approximately 24-hour cycles of variation in physiological processes, gene expression, and behavior. They result from the interplay of internal biological clocks with daily environmental rhythms, including light/dark and feeding/fasting. Note that 24-hour rhythms of liver metabolic processes have been known for almost 100 years. Modern studies reveal that, like metabolism, hepatic gene expression is highly rhythmic. Genetic or environmental changes can disrupt the circadian rhythms of the liver, leading to metabolic disorders and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of mechanisms regulating rhythmic gene expression in the liver, highlighting the roles of transcription factors that comprise the core clock molecular as well as noncanonical regulators. We emphasize the plasticity of circadian rhythms in the liver as it responds to multiple inputs from the external and internal environments as well as the potential of circadian medicine to impact liver-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyin Guan
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Correspondence: Dongyin Guan, PhD (); Mitchell A. Lazar, MD, PhD ()
| | - Mitchell A. Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Correspondence: Dongyin Guan, PhD (); Mitchell A. Lazar, MD, PhD ()
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21
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Zhuang X, Edgar RS, McKeating JA. The role of circadian clock pathways in viral replication. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:175-182. [PMID: 35192001 PMCID: PMC8861990 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The daily oscillations of bi ological and behavioural processes are controlled by the circadian clock circuitry that drives the physiology of the organism and, in particular, the functioning of the immune system in response to infectious agents. Circadian rhythmicity is known to affect both the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pharmacological agents and vaccine-elicited immune responses. A better understanding of the role circadian pathways play in the regulation of virus replication will impact our clinical management of these diseases. This review summarises the experimental and clinical evidence on the interplay between different viral pathogens and our biological clocks, emphasising the importance of continuing research on the role played by the biological clock in virus-host organism interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Rachel S Edgar
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jane A McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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22
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Shirato K, Sato S. Macrophage Meets the Circadian Clock: Implication of the Circadian Clock in the Role of Macrophages in Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:826738. [PMID: 35281442 PMCID: PMC8904936 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.826738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is a biological system that creates daily variations of physiology and behavior with a 24-h cycle, which is precisely controlled by the molecular circadian clock. The circadian clock dominates temporal activity of physiological homeostasis at the molecular level, including endocrine secretion, metabolic, immune response, coupled with extrinsic environmental cues (e.g., light/dark cycles) and behavioral cues (e.g., sleep/wake cycles and feeding/fasting cycles). The other side of the clock is that the misaligned circadian rhythm contributes to the onset of a variety of diseases, such as cancer, metabolic diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, the acceleration of aging, and the development of systemic inflammation. The role played by macrophages is a key mediator between circadian disruption and systemic inflammation. At the molecular level, macrophage functions are under the direct control of the circadian clock, and thus the circadian misalignment remodels the phenotype of macrophages toward a ‘killer’ mode. Remarkably, the inflammatory macrophages induce systemic and chronic inflammation, leading to the development of inflammatory diseases and the dampened immune defensive machinery against infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Here, we discuss how the circadian clock regulates macrophage immune functions and provide the potential risk of misaligned circadian rhythms against inflammatory and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Shirato
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Sato
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Shogo Sato,
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Liu Z, Ting S, Zhuang X. COVID-19, circadian rhythms and sleep: from virology to chronobiology. Interface Focus 2021; 11:20210043. [PMID: 34956600 PMCID: PMC8504895 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Various aspects of our physiology and immune response to pathogens are under 24 h circadian control and its role in clinical and research practice is becoming increasingly recognized. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, the causative agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people to date. Cross-disciplinary approaches and collaborative efforts have led to an unprecedented speed in developing novel therapies and vaccines to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Circadian misalignment and sleep disruption have a profound impact on immune function and subsequently on the ability of individuals to combat infections. This review summarizes the evidence on the interplay between circadian biology, sleep and COVID-19 with the aim to identify areas of translational potentials that may inform diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulian Liu
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sharlene Ting
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, UK
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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24
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O'Donnell AJ, Greischar MA, Reece SE. Mistimed malaria parasites re-synchronize with host feeding-fasting rhythms by shortening the duration of intra-erythrocytic development. Parasite Immunol 2021; 44:e12898. [PMID: 34778983 PMCID: PMC9285586 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Malaria parasites exhibit daily rhythms in the intra-erythrocytic development cycle (IDC) that underpins asexual replication in the blood. The IDC schedule is aligned with the timing of host feeding-fasting rhythms. When the IDC schedule is perturbed to become mismatched to host rhythms, it readily reschedules but it is not known how. METHODS We intensively follow four groups of infections that have different temporal alignments between host rhythms and the IDC schedule for 10 days, before and after the peak in asexual densities. We compare how the duration, synchrony and timing of the IDC differs between parasites in control infections and those forced to reschedule by 12 hours and ask whether the density of parasites affects the rescheduling process. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our experiments reveal parasites shorten the IDC duration by 2-3 hours to become realigned to host feeding-fasting rhythms with 5-6 days, in a density-independent manner. Furthermore, parasites are able to reschedule without significant fitness costs for them or their hosts. Understanding the extent of, and limits on, plasticity in the IDC schedule may reveal targets for novel interventions, such as drugs to disrupt IDC regulation and preventing IDC dormancy conferring tolerance to existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan J O'Donnell
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, and Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Megan A Greischar
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Sarah E Reece
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, and Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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25
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McNaughton CD, Adams NM, Hirschie Johnson C, Ward MJ, Schmitz JE, Lasko TA. Diurnal Variation in SARS-CoV-2 PCR Test Results: Test Accuracy May Vary by Time of Day. J Biol Rhythms 2021; 36:595-601. [PMID: 34696614 PMCID: PMC8599649 DOI: 10.1177/07487304211051841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
False negative tests for SARS-CoV-2 are common and have important public health and medical implications. We tested the hypothesis of diurnal variation in viral shedding by assessing the proportion of positive versus negative SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests and cycle time (Ct) values among positive samples by the time of day. Among 86,342 clinical tests performed among symptomatic and asymptomatic patients in a regional health care network in the southeastern United States from March to August 2020, we found evidence for diurnal variation in the proportion of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests, with a peak around 1400 h and 1.7-fold variation over the day after adjustment for age, sex, race, testing location, month, and day of week and lower Ct values during the day for positive samples. These findings have important implications for public health testing and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace D McNaughton
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas M Adams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Michael J Ward
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan E Schmitz
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas A Lasko
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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26
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Stern J, Solomon A, Dantanarayana A, Pascoe R, Reynaldi A, Davenport MP, Milush J, Deeks SG, Hartogensis W, Hecht FM, Cockerham L, Roche M, Lewin SR. Cell-associated HIV RNA has a Circadian Cycle in Males Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:1721-1730. [PMID: 34655216 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian transcription factors that regulate cell-autonomous circadian clocks can also increase HIV transcription in vitro. We aimed to determine if circadian variation in HIV transcription exists in people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS We performed a prospective observational study of male PLHIV on ART, sampling blood every four hours for 24 hours. Using qPCR, we quantified expression of circadian associated genes, HIV DNA and cell-associated unspliced (CA-US) RNA in peripheral blood CD4+ T-cells. Plasma sex hormones were quantified alongside plasma and salivary cortisol. The primary outcome was to identify temporal variations in CA-US HIV RNA using a linear mixed effect regression framework and maximum likelihood estimation. RESULTS Salivary and plasma cortisol, and circadian genes including Clock, Bmal1, and Per3 varied with a circadian rhythm. CA-US HIV RNA and the ratio of CA-US HIV RNA-to-DNA in CD4+ T-cells also demonstrated circadian variations, with no variation in HIV DNA. Circulating oestradiol was highly predictive of CA-US HIV RNA variation in vivo. CONCLUSION CA-US HIV RNA in PLHIV on ART varies temporally with a circadian rhythm. These findings have implications for the design of clinical trials and biomarkers to assess HIV cure interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Stern
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ajantha Solomon
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ashanti Dantanarayana
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel Pascoe
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Arnold Reynaldi
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Miles P Davenport
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Milush
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Wendy Hartogensis
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Frederick M Hecht
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Leslie Cockerham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Michael Roche
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
Circadian disruption is pervasive and can occur at multiple organizational levels, contributing to poor health outcomes at individual and population levels. Evidence points to a bidirectional relationship, in that circadian disruption increases disease severity and many diseases can disrupt circadian rhythms. Importantly, circadian disruption can increase the risk for the expression and development of neurologic, psychiatric, cardiometabolic, and immune disorders. Thus, harnessing the rich findings from preclinical and translational research in circadian biology to enhance health via circadian-based approaches represents a unique opportunity for personalized/precision medicine and overall societal well-being. In this Review, we discuss the implications of circadian disruption for human health using a bench-to-bedside approach. Evidence from preclinical and translational science is applied to a clinical and population-based approach. Given the broad implications of circadian regulation for human health, this Review focuses its discussion on selected examples in neurologic, psychiatric, metabolic, cardiovascular, allergic, and immunologic disorders that highlight the interrelatedness between circadian disruption and human disease and the potential of circadian-based interventions, such as bright light therapy and exogenous melatonin, as well as chronotherapy to improve and/or modify disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Fishbein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, and
| | - Kristen L Knutson
- Department of Neurology and Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Phyllis C Zee
- Department of Neurology and Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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28
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Pearson JA, Voisey AC, Boest-Bjerg K, Wong FS, Wen L. Circadian Rhythm Modulation of Microbes During Health and Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:721004. [PMID: 34512600 PMCID: PMC8430216 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.721004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms, referring to 24-h daily oscillations in biological and physiological processes, can significantly regulate host immunity to pathogens, as well as commensals, resulting in altered susceptibility to disease development. Furthermore, vaccination responses to microbes have also shown time-of-day-dependent changes in the magnitude of protective immune responses elicited in the host. Thus, understanding host circadian rhythm effects on both gut bacteria and viruses during infection is important to minimize adverse effects on health and identify optimal times for therapeutic administration to maximize therapeutic success. In this review, we summarize the circadian modulations of gut bacteria, viruses and their interactions, both in health and during infection. We also discuss the importance of chronotherapy (i.e., time-specific therapy) as a plausible therapeutic administration strategy to enhance beneficial therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Alexander Pearson
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Christopher Voisey
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kathrine Boest-Bjerg
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - F. Susan Wong
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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29
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Giri A, Srinivasan A, Sundar IK. COVID-19: Sleep, Circadian Rhythms and Immunity - Repurposing Drugs and Chronotherapeutics for SARS-CoV-2. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:674204. [PMID: 34220430 PMCID: PMC8249936 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.674204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has affected nearly 28 million people in the United States and has caused more than five hundred thousand deaths as of February 21, 2021. As the novel coronavirus continues to take its toll in the United States and all across the globe, particularly among the elderly (>65 years), clinicians and translational researchers are taking a closer look at the nexus of sleep, circadian rhythms and immunity that may contribute toward a more severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2-induced multi-organ failure affects both central and peripheral organs, causing increased mortality in the elderly. However, whether differences in sleep, circadian rhythms, and immunity between older and younger individuals contribute to the age-related differences in systemic dysregulation of target organs observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection remain largely unknown. Current literature demonstrates the emerging role of sleep, circadian rhythms, and immunity in the development of chronic pulmonary diseases and respiratory infections in human and mouse models. The exact mechanism underlying acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other cardiopulmonary complications in elderly patients in combination with associated comorbidities remain unclear. Nevertheless, understanding the critical role of sleep, circadian clock dysfunction in target organs, and immune status of patients with SARS-CoV-2 may provide novel insights into possible therapies. Chronotherapy is an emerging concept that is gaining attention in sleep medicine. Accumulating evidence suggests that nearly half of all physiological functions follow a strict daily rhythm. However, healthcare professionals rarely take implementing timed-administration of drugs into consideration. In this review, we summarize recent findings directly relating to the contributing roles of sleep, circadian rhythms and immune response in modulating infectious disease processes, and integrate chronotherapy in the discussion of the potential drugs that can be repurposed to improve the treatment and management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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