1
|
Qu H, Han Y, Fortner J, Wu X, Kilina S, Kilin D, Tretiak S, Wang Y. [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Produces Divalent Organic Color-Centers with Reduced Heterogeneity in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23582-23590. [PMID: 39101632 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Organic color centers (OCCs), generated by the covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes, have been exploited for chemical sensing, bioimaging, and quantum technologies. However, monovalent OCCs can assume at least 6 different bonding configurations on the sp2 carbon lattice of a chiral nanotube, resulting in heterogeneous OCC photoluminescence emissions. Herein, we show that a heat-activated [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction enables the synthesis of divalent OCCs with a reduced number of atomic bonding configurations. The chemistry occurs by simply mixing enophile molecules (e.g., methylmaleimide, maleic anhydride, and 4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione) with an ethylene glycol suspension of SWCNTs at elevated temperature (70-140 °C). Unlike monovalent OCC chemistries, we observe just three OCC emission peaks that can be assigned to the three possible bonding configurations of the divalent OCCs based on density functional theory calculations. Notably, these OCC photoluminescence peaks can be controlled by temperature to decrease the emission heterogeneity even further. This divalent chemistry provides a scalable way to synthesize OCCs with tightly controlled emissions for emerging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yulun Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Jacob Fortner
- Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Svetlana Kilina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Dmitri Kilin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, and Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Settele S, Stammer F, Sebastian FL, Lindenthal S, Wald SR, Li H, Flavel BS, Zaumseil J. Easy Access to Bright Oxygen Defects in Biocompatible Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes via a Fenton-like Reaction. ACS NANO 2024; 18:20667-20678. [PMID: 39051444 PMCID: PMC11308917 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with luminescent oxygen defects increases their brightness and enables their application as optical biosensors or fluorescent probes for in vivo imaging in the second-biological window (NIR-II). However, obtaining luminescent defects with high brightness is challenging with the current functionalization methods due to a restricted window of reaction conditions or the necessity for controlled irradiation with ultraviolet light. Here, we report a method for introducing luminescent oxygen defects via a Fenton-like reaction that uses benign and inexpensive chemicals without light irradiation. (6,5) SWNTs in aqueous dispersion functionalized with this method show bright E11* emission (1105 nm) with 3.2 times higher peak intensities than the pristine E11 emission and a reproducible photoluminescence quantum yield of 3%. The functionalization can be performed within a wide range of reaction parameters and even with unsorted nanotube raw material at high concentrations (100 mg L-1), giving access to large amounts of brightly luminescent SWNTs. We further find that the introduced oxygen defects rearrange under light irradiation, which gives additional insights into the structure and dynamics of oxygen defects. Finally, the functionalization of ultrashort SWNTs with oxygen defects also enables high photoluminescence quantum yields. Their excellent emission properties are retained after surfactant exchange with biocompatible pegylated phospholipids or single-stranded DNA to make them suitable for in vivo NIR-II imaging and dopamine sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Settele
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Stammer
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Finn L. Sebastian
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lindenthal
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon R. Wald
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Han Li
- Department
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, Kaiserstraße
12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benjamin S. Flavel
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, Kaiserstraße
12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vijeata A, Chaudhary GR, Chaudhary S, Ibrahim AA, Umar A. Recent advancements and prospects in carbon-based nanomaterials derived from biomass for environmental remediation applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:141935. [PMID: 38636909 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The conversion of waste biomass into a value-added carbonaceous nanomaterial highlights the appealing power of biomass valorization. The advantages of using sustainable and cheap biomass precursors exhibit the tremendous opportunity for boosting energy production and their application in environmental remediation processes. This review emphasis the development and production of carbon-based nanomaterials derived from biomass, which possess favourable characteristics such as biocompatibility and photoluminescence. The advantages and limitations of various nanomaterials synthesised from different precursors were also discussed with insights into their physicochemical properties. The surface morphology of the porous nanomaterials is also explored along with their characteristic properties like regenerative nature, non-toxicity, ecofriendly nature, unique surface area, etc. The incorporation of various functional groups confers superiority of these materials, resulting in unique and advanced functional properties. Further, the use of these biomass derived nanomaterials was also explored in different applications like adsorption, photocatalysis and sensing of hazardous pollutants, etc. The challenges and outcomes obtained from different carbon-based nanomaterials are briefly outlined and discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Vijeata
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ganga Ram Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Savita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Ahmed A Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran-11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran-11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Husel L, Trapp J, Scherzer J, Wu X, Wang P, Fortner J, Nutz M, Hümmer T, Polovnikov B, Förg M, Hunger D, Wang Y, Högele A. Cavity-enhanced photon indistinguishability at room temperature and telecom wavelengths. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3989. [PMID: 38734738 PMCID: PMC11088649 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Indistinguishable single photons in the telecom-bandwidth of optical fibers are indispensable for long-distance quantum communication. Solid-state single photon emitters have achieved excellent performance in key benchmarks, however, the demonstration of indistinguishability at room-temperature remains a major challenge. Here, we report room-temperature photon indistinguishability at telecom wavelengths from individual nanotube defects in a fiber-based microcavity operated in the regime of incoherent good cavity-coupling. The efficiency of the coupled system outperforms spectral or temporal filtering, and the photon indistinguishability is increased by more than two orders of magnitude compared to the free-space limit. Our results highlight a promising strategy to attain optimized non-classical light sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Husel
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Julian Trapp
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Johannes Scherzer
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jacob Fortner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Manuel Nutz
- Qlibri GmbH, Maistr. 67, 80337, München, Germany
| | | | - Borislav Polovnikov
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Michael Förg
- Qlibri GmbH, Maistr. 67, 80337, München, Germany
| | - David Hunger
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Alexander Högele
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany.
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, 80799, München, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Jia MR, Liu XY, Fang WH, Cui G. Photoinduced Dynamics of a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube with a sp 3 Defect: The Importance of Excitonic Effects. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3311-3320. [PMID: 38654690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we employed linear-response time-dependent functional theory nonadiabatic dynamic simulations to explore the photoinduced exciton dynamics of a chiral single-walled carbon nanotube CNT(6,5) covalently doped with a 4-nitrobenzyl group (CNT65-NO2). The results indicate that the introduction of a sp3 defect leads to the splitting of the degenerate VBM/VBM-1 and CBM/CBM+1 states. Both the VBM upshift and the CBM downshift are responsible for the experimentally observed redshifted E11* trapping state. The simulations reveal that the photoinduced exciton relaxation dynamics completes within 500 fs, which is consistent with the experimental work. On the other hand, we also conducted the nonadiabatic carrier (electron and hole) dynamic simulations, which completely ignore the excitonic effects. The comparison demonstrates that excitonic effects are indispensable. Deep analyses show that such effects induce several dark states, which play an important role in regulating the photoinduced dynamics of CNT65-NO2. The present work demonstrates the importance of including excitonic effects in simulating photoinduced processes of carbon nanotubes. In addition, it not only rationalizes previous experiments but also provides valuable insights that will help in the future rational design of novel covalently doped carbon nanotubes with superior photoluminescent properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Meng-Ru Jia
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fang N, Chang YR, Fujii S, Yamashita D, Maruyama M, Gao Y, Fong CF, Kozawa D, Otsuka K, Nagashio K, Okada S, Kato YK. Room-temperature quantum emission from interface excitons in mixed-dimensional heterostructures. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2871. [PMID: 38605019 PMCID: PMC11009238 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of van der Waals heterostructures has introduced unconventional phenomena that emerge at atomically precise interfaces. For example, interlayer excitons in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides show intriguing optical properties at low temperatures. Here we report on room-temperature observation of interface excitons in mixed-dimensional heterostructures consisting of two-dimensional tungsten diselenide and one-dimensional carbon nanotubes. Bright emission peaks originating from the interface are identified, spanning a broad energy range within the telecommunication wavelengths. The effect of band alignment is investigated by systematically varying the nanotube bandgap, and we assign the new peaks to interface excitons as they only appear in type-II heterostructures. Room-temperature localization of low-energy interface excitons is indicated by extended lifetimes as well as small excitation saturation powers, and photon correlation measurements confirm antibunching. With mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures where band alignment can be engineered, new opportunities for quantum photonics are envisioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Fang
- Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Y R Chang
- Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
| | - S Fujii
- Quantum Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Physics, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - D Yamashita
- Quantum Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
- Platform Photonics Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - M Maruyama
- Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Y Gao
- Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - C F Fong
- Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
| | - D Kozawa
- Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
- Quantum Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - K Otsuka
- Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Nagashio
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Okada
- Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Y K Kato
- Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan.
- Quantum Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu X, Kim M, Wang LJ, Veetil AK, Wang Y. Programming sp 3 Quantum Defects along Carbon Nanotubes with Halogenated DNA. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8826-8831. [PMID: 38526163 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Atomic defect color centers in solid-state systems hold immense potential to advance various quantum technologies. However, the fabrication of high-quality, densely packed defects presents a significant challenge. Herein we introduce a DNA-programmable photochemical approach for creating organic color-center quantum defects on semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Key to this precision defect chemistry is the strategic substitution of thymine with halogenated uracil in DNA strands that are orderly wrapped around the nanotube. Photochemical activation of the reactive uracil initiates the formation of sp3 defects along the nanotube as deep exciton traps, with a pronounced photoluminescence shift from the nanotube band gap emission (by 191 meV for (6,5)-SWCNTs). Furthermore, by altering the DNA spacers, we achieve systematic control over the defect placements along the nanotube. This method, bridging advanced molecular chemistry with quantum materials science, marks a crucial step in crafting quantum defects for critical applications in quantum information science, imaging, and sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Lucy J Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Abhindev Kizhakke Veetil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li MK, Dehm S, Kappes MM, Hennrich F, Krupke R. Correlation Measurements for Carbon Nanotubes with Quantum Defects. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9525-9534. [PMID: 38513118 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Single-photon sources are essential building blocks for the development of photonic quantum technology. Regarding potential practical application, an on-demand electrically driven quantum-light emitter on a chip is notably crucial for photonic integrated circuits. Here, we propose functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors as a promising solid-state quantum-light source by demonstrating photon antibunching behavior via electrical excitation. The sp3 quantum defects were formed on the surface of (7, 5) carbon nanotubes by 3,5-dichlorophenyl functionalization, and individual carbon nanotubes were wired to graphene electrode pairs. Filtered electroluminescent defect-state emission at 77 K was coupled into a Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment setup, and single-photon emission was observed by performing second-order correlation function measurements. We discuss the dependence of the intensity correlation measurement on electrical power and emission wavelength, highlighting the challenges of performing such measurements while simultaneously analyzing acquired data. Our results indicate a route toward room-temperature electrically triggered single-photon emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ken Li
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simone Dehm
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Hennrich
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralph Krupke
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Borel A, Rapisarda F, Doorn SK, Voisin C, Chassagneux Y. Luminescence Properties of Closely Packed Organic Color Centers Grafted on a Carbon Nanotube. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3456-3461. [PMID: 38457689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
We report on the photoluminescence of pairs of organic color centers in single-wall carbon nanotubes grafted with 3,5-dichlorobenzene. Using various techniques such as intensity correlations, superlocalization microscopy, and luminescence excitation spectroscopy, we distinguish two pairs of color centers grafted on the same nanotube; the distance between the pairs is on the order of several hundreds of nanometers. In contrast, by studying the strong temporal correlations in the spectral diffusion in the framework of the photoinduced Stark effect, we can estimate the distance within each pair to be on the order of a few nanometers. Finally, the electronic population dynamics is investigated using time-resolved luminescence and saturation measurements, showing a biexponential decay with a fast overall recombination (compatible with a fast population transfer between the color centers within a pair) and a weak delayed repopulation of the traps, possibly due to the diffusion of excitons along the tube axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Borel
- Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Federico Rapisarda
- Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stephen K Doorn
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Christophe Voisin
- Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yannick Chassagneux
- Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wieland S, El Yumin AA, Settele S, Zaumseil J. Photo-Activated, Solid-State Introduction of Luminescent Oxygen Defects into Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:2012-2021. [PMID: 38352856 PMCID: PMC10860128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen defects in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are localized disruptions in the carbon lattice caused by the formation of epoxy or ether groups, commonly through wet-chemical reactions. The associated modifications of the electronic structure can result in luminescent states with emission energies below those of pristine SWCNTs in the near-infrared range, which makes them promising candidates for applications in biosensing and as single-photon emitters. Here, we demonstrate the controlled introduction of luminescent oxygen defects into networks of monochiral (6,5) SWCNTs using a solid-state photocatalytic approach. UV irradiation of SWCNTs on the photoreactive surfaces of the transition metal oxides TiOx and ZnOx in the presence of trace amounts of water and oxygen results in the creation of reactive oxygen species that initiate radical reactions with the carbon lattice and the formation of oxygen defects. The created ether-d and epoxide-l defect configurations give rise to two distinct red-shifted emissive features. The chemical and dielectric properties of the photoactive oxides influence the final defect emission properties, with oxygen-functionalized SWCNTs on TiOx substrates being brighter than those on ZnOx or pristine SWCNTs on glass. The photoinduced functionalization of nanotubes is further employed to create lateral patterns of oxygen defects in (6,5) SWCNT networks with micrometer resolution and thus spatially controlled defect emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Wieland
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Simon Settele
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Han B, Li Y, Wu W, Cai X, Qiu S, He X, Wang S. Infrared Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Chirality-Sorted Carbon Nanotube Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:4975-4983. [PMID: 38233025 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
An important goal in carbon nanotube optoelectronics is to achieve a high-performance near-infrared light source. But there are still many challenges such as the purity of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) chirality, nonradiative defects, thin-film quality, and device structure design. Here, we realize infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on chirality-sorted (10, 5) SWCNT network films, which operate at a low bias voltage and emit at a telecom O band of 1290 nm. Asymmetric palladium (Pd) and hafnium (Hf) contacts are used as electrodes for hole and electron injection, respectively. However, the large Schottky barrier at the interface of the SWCNTs and the Hf electrode, primarily resulting from the polymer wrapped on the nanotube surface during the sorting process, leads to inefficient electron injection and thus a low electroluminescence efficiency. We find that the efficiency of electron injection can be improved by the local doping of the nanotubes with dielectric layers of YOX-HfO2, which reduces the Schottky barrier at the SWCNT/Hf interface. Accordingly, the (10, 5) SWCNT film-based LED achieves an external quantum efficiency of larger than 0.05% without any optical coupling structure. With further improvement, we expect that such an infrared light source will have great application potential in the carbon nanotube monolithic optoelectronic integrated system and on-chip optical interconnection, especially in the field of short-distance optical fiber communications and data center.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiang Cai
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei He
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Y, Liu Y, Jin F, Cao L, Jin H, Qiu S, Li Q. Polymer removal and dispersion exchange of (10,5) chiral carbon nanotubes with enhanced 1.5 μm photoluminescence. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:792-797. [PMID: 38298584 PMCID: PMC10825900 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01041d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Singe-chirality single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) produced by selective polymer extraction have been actively investigated for their semiconductor applications. However, to fulfil the needs of biocompatible applications, the organic solvents in polymer-sorted SWCNTs impose a limitation. In this study, we developed a novel strategy for organic-to-aqueous phase exchange, which involves thoroughly removing polymers from the sorted SWCNTs, followed by surfactant covering and redispersing of the cleaned SWCNTs in water. Importantly, the obtained aqueous system allows us to perform sp3 functionalization of the SWCNTs, leading to a strong photoluminescence emission at 1550 nm from the defect sites of (10,5) SWCNTs. These functionalized SWCNTs as infrared light emitters show considerable potential for bioimaging applications. This exchange-and-functionalization strategy opens the door for future biocompatible applications of polymer-sorted SWCNTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Li
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 China
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Science 398 Ruoshui Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Ye Liu
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Science 398 Ruoshui Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Feng Jin
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Science 398 Ruoshui Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Leitao Cao
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Science 398 Ruoshui Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Hehua Jin
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 China
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Science 398 Ruoshui Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Song Qiu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 China
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Science 398 Ruoshui Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Qingwen Li
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Settele S, Schrage CA, Jung S, Michel E, Li H, Flavel BS, Hashmi ASK, Kruss S, Zaumseil J. Ratiometric fluorescent sensing of pyrophosphate with sp³-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:706. [PMID: 38267487 PMCID: PMC10808354 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inorganic pyrophosphate is a key molecule in many biological processes from DNA synthesis to cell metabolism. Here we introduce sp3-functionalized (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with red-shifted defect emission as near-infrared luminescent probes for the optical detection and quantification of inorganic pyrophosphate. The sensing scheme is based on the immobilization of Cu2+ ions on the SWNT surface promoted by coordination to covalently attached aryl alkyne groups and a triazole complex. The presence of Cu2+ ions on the SWNT surface causes fluorescence quenching via photoinduced electron transfer, which is reversed by copper-complexing analytes such as pyrophosphate. The differences in the fluorescence response of sp3-defect to pristine nanotube emission enables reproducible ratiometric measurements in a wide concentration window. Biocompatible, phospholipid-polyethylene glycol-coated SWNTs with such sp3 defects are employed for the detection of pyrophosphate in cell lysate and for monitoring the progress of DNA synthesis in a polymerase chain reaction. This robust ratiometric and near-infrared luminescent probe for pyrophosphate may serve as a starting point for the rational design of nanotube-based biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Settele
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - C Alexander Schrage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, D-44801, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, D-44801, Germany
| | - Elena Michel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Benjamin S Flavel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, D-44801, Germany.
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Duisburg, D-47057, Germany.
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Maeda Y, Zhao P, Ehara M. Recent progress in controlling the photoluminescence properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes by oxidation and alkylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14497-14508. [PMID: 38009193 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05065c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has received considerable attention in the last decade since highly efficient near-infrared photoluminescence (PL) has been observed to be red-shifted compared with the intrinsic PL peak of pristine SWCNTs. The PL wavelength has been manipulated using arylation reactions with aryldiazonium salts and aryl halides. Additionally, simple oxidation and alkylation reactions have proven effective in extensively adjusting the PL wavelength, with the resulting PL efficiency varying based on the chosen reaction techniques and molecular structures. This review discusses the latest developments in tailoring the PL attributes of SWCNTs by oxidation and alkylation processes. (6,5) SWCNTs exhibit intrinsic emission at 980 nm, and the PL wavelength can be controlled in the range of 1100-1320 nm by chemical modification. In addition, recent developments in chiral separation techniques have increased our understanding of the control of the PL wavelength, extending to the selection of excitation and emission wavelengths, by chemical modification of SWCNTs with different chiral indices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan.
| | - Pei Zhao
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ma X, Long R. The sp 3 Defect Decreases Charge Carrier Lifetime in (8,3) Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10242-10248. [PMID: 37937588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
A recent experimental approach introduces sp3 defects into single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) through controlled functionalization with guanine, resulting in a decrease in charge carrier lifetime. However, the physical mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear. We employ nonadiabatic molecular dynamics to systematically model the nonradiative recombination process of electron-hole pairs in SWNTs with sp3 defects generated by a guanine molecule. We demonstrate that the introduction of sp3 defects creates an overlapping channel between the highest occupied (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), significantly enhancing the nonadiabatic (NA) coupling and leading to a 4.7-fold acceleration in charge carrier recombination compared to defect-free SWNTs. The charge carrier recombination slows significantly at a lower temperature (50 K) due to the weakening of the NA coupling. Our results rationalize the accelerated recombination of charge carriers in SWNTs with sp3 defects in experiments and contribute to a deeper understanding of the carrier dynamics in SWNTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Ma
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sebastian FL, Becker F, Yomogida Y, Hosokawa Y, Settele S, Lindenthal S, Yanagi K, Zaumseil J. Unified Quantification of Quantum Defects in Small-Diameter Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Raman Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21771-21781. [PMID: 37856164 PMCID: PMC10655237 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with luminescent quantum defects enables their application as near-infrared single-photon sources, as optical sensors, and for in vivo tissue imaging. Tuning the emission wavelength and defect density is crucial for these applications. While the former can be controlled by different synthetic protocols and is easily measured, defect densities are still determined as relative rather than absolute values, limiting the comparability between different nanotube batches and chiralities. Here, we present an absolute and unified quantification metric for the defect density in SWCNT samples based on Raman spectroscopy. It is applicable to a range of small-diameter semiconducting nanotubes and for arbitrary laser wavelengths. We observe a clear inverse correlation of the D/G+ ratio increase with nanotube diameter, indicating that curvature effects contribute significantly to the defect activation of Raman modes. Correlation of intermediate frequency modes with defect densities further corroborates their activation by defects and provides additional quantitative metrics for the characterization of functionalized SWCNTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Finn L. Sebastian
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felicitas Becker
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yohei Yomogida
- Department
of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yuuya Hosokawa
- Department
of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Simon Settele
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lindenthal
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kazuhiro Yanagi
- Department
of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zorn N, Settele S, Sebastian FL, Lindenthal S, Zaumseil J. Tuning Electroluminescence from Functionalized SWCNT Networks Further into the Near-Infrared. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2023; 1:1706-1714. [PMID: 37915970 PMCID: PMC10616844 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.3c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared electroluminescence from carbon-based emitters, especially in the second biological window (NIR-II) or at telecommunication wavelengths, is difficult to achieve. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been proposed as a possible solution due to their tunable and narrowband emission in the near-infrared region and high charge carrier mobilities. Furthermore, the covalent functionalization of SWCNTs with a controlled number of luminescent sp3 defects leads to even more red-shifted photoluminescence with enhanced quantum yields. Here, we demonstrate that by tailoring the binding configuration of the introduced sp3 defects and hence tuning their optical trap depth, we can generate emission from polymer-sorted (6,5) and (7,5) nanotubes that is mainly located in the telecommunication O-band (1260-1360 nm). Networks of these functionalized nanotubes are integrated in ambipolar, light-emitting field-effect transistors to yield the corresponding narrowband near-infrared electroluminescence. Further investigation of the current- and carrier density-dependent electro- and photoluminescence spectra enables insights into the impact of different sp3 defects on charge transport in networks of functionalized SWCNTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas
F. Zorn
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Settele
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Finn L. Sebastian
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lindenthal
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Eremin T, Eremina V, Svirko Y, Obraztsov P. Over Two-Fold Photoluminescence Enhancement from Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Induced by Oxygen Doping. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091561. [PMID: 37177106 PMCID: PMC10180646 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is a promising way to improve their photoluminescent (PL) brightness and thus make them applicable as a base material for infrared light emitters. We report as high as over two-fold enhancement of the SWCNT PL brightness by using oxygen doping via the UV photodissociation of hypochlorite ions. By analyzing the temporal evolution of the PL and Raman spectra of SWCNTs in the course of the doping process, we conclude that the enhancement of SWCNTs PL brightness depends on the homogeneity of induced quantum defects distribution over the SWCNT surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timofei Eremin
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Center for Photonics Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 2, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Valentina Eremina
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Center for Photonics Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 2, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Yuri Svirko
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Center for Photonics Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 2, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Petr Obraztsov
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Center for Photonics Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 2, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Weight BM, Sifain AE, Gifford BJ, Htoon H, Tretiak S. On-the-Fly Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Covalent Defects. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6208-6219. [PMID: 36972076 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with covalent surface defects have been explored recently due to their promise for use in single-photon telecommunication emission and in spintronic applications. The all-atom dynamic evolution of electrostatically bound excitons (the primary electronic excitations) in these systems has only been loosely explored from a theoretical perspective due to the size limitations of these large systems (>500 atoms). In this work, we present computational modeling of nonradiative relaxation in a variety of SWCNT chiralities with single-defect functionalizations. Our excited-state dynamics modeling uses a trajectory surface hopping algorithm accounting for excitonic effects with a configuration interaction approach. We find a strong chirality and defect-composition dependence on the population relaxation (varying over 50-500 fs) between the primary nanotube band gap excitation E11 and the defect-associated, single-photon-emitting E11* state. These simulations give direct insight into the relaxation between the band-edge states and the localized excitonic state, in competition with dynamic trapping/detrapping processes observed in experiment. Engineering fast population decay into the quasi-two-level subsystem with weak coupling to higher-energy states increases the effectiveness and controllability of these quantum light emitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Braden M Weight
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Center for Nonlinear Studies, and Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew E Sifain
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 United States
| | - Brendan J Gifford
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Center for Nonlinear Studies, and Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Center for Nonlinear Studies, and Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Center for Nonlinear Studies, and Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Weight B, Zheng M, Tretiak S. Signatures of Chemical Dopants in Simulated Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1182-1191. [PMID: 36715511 PMCID: PMC9923748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with organic sp2 or sp3 hybridization defects allow the robust tunability of many optoelectronic properties in these topologically interesting quasi-one-dimensional materials. Recent resonant Raman experiments have illuminated new features in the intermediate-frequency region upon functionalization that change with the degree of functionalization as well as with interactions between defect sites. In this Letter, we report ab initio simulated near-resonant Raman spectroscopy results for pristine and chemically functionalized SWCNT models and find new features concomitant with experimental observations. We are able to assign the character of these features by varying the frequency of the external Raman laser frequency near the defect-induced E11* optical transition using a perturbative treatment of the electronic structure of the system. The obtained insights establish relationships between the nanotube atomistic structure and Raman spectra facilitating further exploration of SWCNTs with tunable optical properties tuned by chemical functionalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Braden
M. Weight
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Center
for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Center for Nonlinear Studies, and
Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ming Zheng
- Materials
Science and Engineering Division, National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Center
for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Center for Nonlinear Studies, and
Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang H, Boghossian AA. Covalent conjugation of proteins onto fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes for biological and medical applications. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 4:823-834. [PMID: 36761250 PMCID: PMC9900427 DOI: 10.1039/d2ma00714b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have optical properties that are conducive for biological applications such as sensing, delivery, and imaging. These applications necessitate the immobilization of macromolecules that can serve as therapeutic drugs, molecular templates, or modulators of surface interactions. Although previous studies have focused on non-covalent immobilization strategies, recent advances have introduced covalent functional handles that can preserve or even enhance the SWCNT optical properties. This review presents an overview of covalent sidewall modifications of SWCNTs, with a focus on the latest generation of "sp3 defect" modifications. We summarize and compare the reaction conditions and the reported products of these sp3 chemistries. We further review the underlying photophysics governing SWCNT fluorescence and apply these principles to the fluorescence emitted from these covalently modified SWCNTs. Finally, we provide an outlook on additional chemistries that could be applied to covalently conjugate proteins to these chemically modified, fluorescent SWCNTs. We review the advantages of these approaches, emerging opportunities for further improvement, as well as their implications for enabling new technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanxuan Wang
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Ardemis A Boghossian
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yu B, Naka S, Aoki H, Kato K, Yamashita D, Fujii S, Kato YK, Fujigaya T, Shiraki T. ortho-Substituted Aryldiazonium Design for the Defect Configuration-Controlled Photoluminescent Functionalization of Chiral Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2022; 16:21452-21461. [PMID: 36384293 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Defect functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by chemical modification is a promising strategy for near-infrared photoluminescence (NIR PL) generation at >1000 nm, which has advanced telecom and bio/medical applications. The covalent attachment of molecular reagents generates sp3-carbon defects in the sp2-carbon lattice of SWCNTs with bright red-shifted PL generation. Although the positional difference between proximal sp3-carbon defects, labeled as the defect binding configuration, can dominate NIR PL properties, the defect arrangement chemistry remains unexplored. Here, aryldiazonium reagents with π-conjugated ortho-substituents (phenyl and acetylene groups) were developed to introduce molecular interactions with nanotube sidewalls into the defect-formation chemical reaction. The functionalized chiral SWCNTs selectively emitted single defect PL in the wavelength range of ∼1230-1270 nm for (6,5) tubes, indicating the formation of an atypical binding configuration, different from those exhibited by typical aryl- or alkyl-functionalized chiral tubes emitting ∼1150 nm PL. Moreover, the acetylene-based substituent design enabled PL brightening and a subsequent molecular modification of the doped sites using click chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boda Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sadahito Naka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Haruka Aoki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Daiki Yamashita
- Quantum Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shun Fujii
- Quantum Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuichiro K Kato
- Quantum Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tsuyohiko Fujigaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shiraki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Christensen EE, Amin M, Tumiel TM, Krauss TD. Localized Charge on Surfactant-Wrapped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10705-10712. [PMID: 36367529 PMCID: PMC9706551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As-synthesized, semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are nominally charge neutral. However, ionic surfactants that are commonly used to disperse SWCNTs in solution can lead to significantly charged aggregates adsorbed to the nanotube. Here, electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) was used to characterize the static-charge interactions between individual SWCNTs and the local environment. We report nonuniform spatial charge distributions with highly varying magnitudes ranging between ±15 e associated with surfactant coverage on long SWCNTs (>1.5 μm). EFM images acquired after resonant photoexcitation demonstrate charge carrier localization due to electrostatic interactions with charged surfactant aggregates. Charge densities as measured by EFM are used to estimate the depth of this electrostatically induced potential well, calculated to be on the order of hundreds of millielectronvolts, suggesting that surfactant charges heterogeneously covering SWCNTs provide traps for excitons potentially leading to their localization.
Collapse
|
24
|
Fortner J, Wang Y. Quantum Coupling of Two Atomic Defects in a Carbon Nanotube Semiconductor. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8908-8913. [PMID: 36126326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemical defects can create organic color centers in the graphitic lattice of single-walled carbon nanotubes. However, the underlying physics remains somewhat of a mystery. Here we show that two sp3 atomic defects can interact with each other in a way reminiscent of atoms bonding to form molecules. Each defect creates an atom-like mid-gap state within the band gap of the nanotube semiconductor. Two such defects, when brought close to each other, interact to form a split pair of orbitals akin to two hydrogen atoms covalently bonding to form a H2 molecule. This unexpected finding may help in understanding the nature of atomic defects in solids and provide a fresh perspective to the engineering of these color centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Fortner
- Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hayashi K, Niidome Y, Shiga T, Yu B, Nakagawa Y, Janas D, Fujigaya T, Shiraki T. Azide modification forming luminescent sp 2 defects on single-walled carbon nanotubes for near-infrared defect photoluminescence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11422-11425. [PMID: 36134499 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04492g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Azide functionalization produced luminescent sp2-type defects on single-walled carbon nanotubes, by which defect photoluminescence appeared in near infrared regions (1116 nm). Changes in exciton properties were induced by localization effects at the defect sites, creating exciton-engineered nanomaterials based on the defect structure design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Niidome
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Tamehito Shiga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Boda Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yasuto Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Dawid Janas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tsuyohiko Fujigaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shiraki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li MK, Riaz A, Wederhake M, Fink K, Saha A, Dehm S, He X, Schöppler F, Kappes MM, Htoon H, Popov VN, Doorn SK, Hertel T, Hennrich F, Krupke R. Electroluminescence from Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Quantum Defects. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11742-11754. [PMID: 35732039 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Individual single-walled carbon nanotubes with covalent sidewall defects have emerged as a class of photon sources whose photoluminescence spectra can be tailored by the carbon nanotube chirality and the attached functional group/molecule. Here we present electroluminescence spectroscopy data from single-tube devices based on (7, 5) carbon nanotubes, functionalized with dichlorobenzene molecules, and wired to graphene electrodes. We observe electrically generated, defect-induced emissions that are controllable by electrostatic gating and strongly red-shifted compared to emissions from pristine nanotubes. The defect-induced emissions are assigned to excitonic and trionic recombination processes by correlating electroluminescence excitation maps with electrical transport and photoluminescence data. At cryogenic conditions, additional gate-dependent emission lines appear, which are assigned to phonon-assisted hot-exciton electroluminescence from quasi-levels. Similar results were obtained with functionalized (6, 5) nanotubes. We also compare functionalized (7, 5) electroluminescence data with photoluminescence of pristine and functionalized (7, 5) nanotubes redox-doped using gold(III) chloride solution. This work shows that electroluminescence excitation is selective toward neutral defect-state configurations with the lowest transition energy, which in combination with gate-control over neutral versus charged defect-state emission leads to high spectral purity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ken Li
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Adnan Riaz
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martina Wederhake
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Karin Fink
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Avishek Saha
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Simone Dehm
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Xiaowei He
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Friedrich Schöppler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Han Htoon
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | - Stephen K Doorn
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Tobias Hertel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Frank Hennrich
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralph Krupke
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zheng Y, Han Y, Weight BM, Lin Z, Gifford BJ, Zheng M, Kilin D, Kilina S, Doorn SK, Htoon H, Tretiak S. Photochemical spin-state control of binding configuration for tailoring organic color center emission in carbon nanotubes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4439. [PMID: 35915090 PMCID: PMC9343348 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporating fluorescent quantum defects in the sidewalls of semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) through chemical reaction is an emerging route to predictably modify nanotube electronic structures and develop advanced photonic functionality. Applications such as room-temperature single-photon emission and high-contrast bio-imaging have been advanced through aryl-functionalized SWCNTs, in which the binding configurations of the aryl group define the energies of the emitting states. However, the chemistry of binding with atomic precision at the single-bond level and tunable control over the binding configurations are yet to be achieved. Here, we explore recently reported photosynthetic protocol and find that it can control chemical binding configurations of quantum defects, which are often referred to as organic color centers, through the spin multiplicity of photoexcited intermediates. Specifically, photoexcited aromatics react with SWCNT sidewalls to undergo a singlet-state pathway in the presence of dissolved oxygen, leading to ortho binding configurations of the aryl group on the nanotube. In contrast, the oxygen-free photoreaction activates previously inaccessible para configurations through a triplet-state mechanism. These experimental results are corroborated by first principles simulations. Such spin-selective photochemistry diversifies SWCNT emission tunability by controlling the morphology of the emitting sites. Chemical functionalization of the sidewalls of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is an emerging route to introduce fluorescent quantum defects and tailor the emission properties. Here, authors demonstrate that spin-selective photochemistry diversifies SWCNT emission tunability by controlling the morphology of the emitting sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
| | - Yulun Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Braden M Weight
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.,Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Brendan J Gifford
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, and Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Ming Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Dmitri Kilin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Svetlana Kilina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Stephen K Doorn
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Han Htoon
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA. .,Center for Nonlinear Studies, and Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang P, Fortner J, Luo H, Kłos J, Wu X, Qu H, Chen F, Li Y, Wang Y. Quantum Defects: What Pairs with the Aryl Group When Bonding to the sp 2 Carbon Lattice of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes? J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13234-13241. [PMID: 35830302 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aryl diazonium reactions are widely used to covalently modify graphitic electrodes and low-dimensional carbon materials, including the recent creation of organic color centers (OCCs) on single-wall carbon nanotube semiconductors. However, due to the experimental difficulties in resolving small functional groups over extensive carbon lattices, a basic question until now remains unanswered: what group, if any, is pairing with the aryl sp3 defect when breaking a C═C bond on the sp2 carbon lattice? Here, we show that water plays an unexpected role in completing the diazonium reaction with carbon nanotubes involving chlorosulfonic acid, acting as a nucleophilic agent that contributes -OH as the pairing group. By simply replacing water with other nucleophilic solvents, we find it is possible to create OCCs that feature an entirely new series of pairing groups, including -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -i-OC3H7, and -NH2, which allows us to systematically tailor the defect pairs and the optical properties of the resulting color centers. Enabled by these pairing groups, we further achieved the synthesis of OCCs with sterically bulky pairs that exhibit high purity defect photoluminescence effectively covering both the second near-infrared window and the telecom wavelengths. Our studies further suggest that these diazonium reactions proceed through the formation of carbocations in chlorosulfonic acid, rather than a radical mechanism that typically occurs in aqueous solutions. These findings uncover the unknown half of the sp3 defect pairs and provide a synthetic approach to control these defect color centers for quantum information, imaging, and sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jacob Fortner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Hongbin Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jacek Kłos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Haoran Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Fu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United State
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nißler R, Ackermann J, Ma C, Kruss S. Prospects of Fluorescent Single-Chirality Carbon Nanotube-Based Biosensors. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9941-9951. [PMID: 35786856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) fluoresce in the near-infrared (NIR), and the emission wavelength depends on their structure (chirality). Interactions with other molecules affect their fluorescence, which has successfully been used for SWCNT-based molecular sensors. So far, most such sensors are assembled from crude mixtures of different SWCNT chiralities, which causes polydisperse sensor responses as well as spectral congestion and limits their performance. The advent of chirality-pure SWCNTs is about to overcome this limitation and paves the way for the next generation of biosensors. Here, we discuss the first examples of chirality-pure SWCNT-based fluorescent biosensors. We introduce routes to such sensors via aqueous two-phase extraction-assisted purification of SWCNTs and highlight the critical interplay between purification and surface modification procedures. Applications include the NIR detection and imaging of neurotransmitters, reactive oxygen species, lipids, bacterial motives, and plant metabolites. Most importantly, we outline a path toward how such monodisperse (chirality-pure) sensors will enable advanced multiplexed sensing with enhanced bioanalytical performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nißler
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Lab, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, Bochum University, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia Ackermann
- Fraunhofer Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Bochum University, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemistry, Bochum University, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zheng W, Zorn NF, Bonn M, Zaumseil J, Wang HI. Probing Carrier Dynamics in sp3-Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Time-Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9401-9409. [PMID: 35709437 PMCID: PMC9246260 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The controlled introduction of covalent sp3 defects into semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) gives rise to exciton localization and red-shifted near-infrared luminescence. The single-photon emission characteristics of these functionalized SWCNTs make them interesting candidates for electrically driven quantum light sources. However, the impact of sp3 defects on the carrier dynamics and charge transport in carbon nanotubes remains an open question. Here, we use ultrafast, time-resolved optical-pump terahertz-probe spectroscopy as a direct and quantitative technique to investigate the microscopic and temperature-dependent charge transport properties of pristine and functionalized (6,5) SWCNTs in dispersions and thin films. We find that sp3 functionalization increases charge carrier scattering, thus reducing the intra-nanotube carrier mobility. In combination with electrical measurements of SWCNT network field-effect transistors, these data enable us to distinguish between contributions of intra-nanotube band transport, sp3 defect scattering and inter-nanotube carrier hopping to the overall charge transport properties of nanotube networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zheng
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolas F. Zorn
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wei X, Li S, Wang W, Zhang X, Zhou W, Xie S, Liu H. Recent Advances in Structure Separation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Their Application in Optics, Electronics, and Optoelectronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200054. [PMID: 35293698 PMCID: PMC9108629 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural control of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with uniform properties is critical not only for their property modulation and functional design but also for applications in electronics, optics, and optoelectronics. To achieve this goal, various separation techniques have been developed in the past 20 years through which separation of high-purity semiconducting/metallic SWCNTs, single-chirality species, and even their enantiomers have been achieved. This progress has promoted the property modulation of SWCNTs and the development of SWCNT-based optoelectronic devices. Here, the recent advances in the structure separation of SWCNTs are reviewed, from metallic/semiconducting SWCNTs, to single-chirality species, and to enantiomers by several typical separation techniques and the application of the corresponding sorted SWCNTs. Based on the separation procedure, efficiency, and scalability, as well as, the separable SWCNT species, purity, and quantity, the advantages and disadvantages of various separation techniques are compared. Combined with the requirements of SWCNT application, the challenges, prospects, and development direction of structure separation are further discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Shilong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
| | - Wenke Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sebastian FL, Zorn NF, Settele S, Lindenthal S, Berger FJ, Bendel C, Li H, Flavel BS, Zaumseil J. Absolute Quantification of sp 3 Defects in Semiconducting Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3542-3548. [PMID: 35420437 PMCID: PMC9059186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with luminescent sp3 defects creates red-shifted emission features in the near-infrared and boosts their photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). While multiple synthetic routes for the selective introduction of sp3 defects have been developed, a convenient metric to precisely quantify the number of defects on a SWCNT lattice is not available. Here, we present a direct and simple quantification protocol based on a linear correlation of the integrated Raman D/G+ signal ratios and defect densities as extracted from PLQY measurements. Corroborated by a statistical analysis of single-nanotube emission spectra at cryogenic temperature, this method enables the quantitative evaluation of sp3 defect densities in (6,5) SWCNTs with an error of ±3 defects per micrometer and the determination of oscillator strengths for different defect types. The developed protocol requires only standard Raman spectroscopy and is independent of the defect configuration, dispersion solvent, and nanotube length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Finn L. Sebastian
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas F. Zorn
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Settele
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lindenthal
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix J. Berger
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bendel
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Han Li
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benjamin S. Flavel
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xu J, Liang Q, Li Z, Osipov VY, Lin Y, Ge B, Xu Q, Zhu J, Bi H. Rational Synthesis of Solid-State Ultraviolet B Emitting Carbon Dots via Acetic Acid-Promoted Fractions of sp 3 Bonding Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200011. [PMID: 35246877 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have received tremendous attention for their excellent photoluminescence (PL) properties. However, it remains a great challenge to obtain CDs with ultraviolet (UV, 200-400 nm) emission in solid state, which requires strict control of the CDs structure and overcoming the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ). Herein, a new sp3 compartmentalization strategy is developed to meet these requirements, by employing acetic acid to promote fractions of sp3 bonding during the synthesis of CDs. It markedly decreases the size of sp2 conjugating units in the CDs, and shifts PL emission to the ultraviolet B (UVB) region (λmax = 308 nm). Moreover, sp2 domains are well spatially compartmentalized by sp3 domains and the ACQ effect is minimized, enabling the high quantum yield in solid state (20.2%, λex = 265 nm) with a narrow bandwidth of 24 nm and environmental robustness. The solid-state UVB emissive CDs are highly desired for application in photonic devices. Hence, a demo of UVB light-emitting diodes is fabricated for plant lighting, leading to a 29% increase of ascorbic acid content in the basil. Overall, a rational and efficient way to construct solid UVB-CDs phosphors for wide applications is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Qingjing Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | | | - Yangjian Lin
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Binghui Ge
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, 42 South Hezuohua Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, 42 South Hezuohua Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Qu H, Wu X, Fortner J, Kim M, Wang P, Wang Y. Reconfiguring Organic Color Centers on the sp 2 Carbon Lattice of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2077-2087. [PMID: 35040631 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic color centers (OCCs) are atomic defects that can be synthetically created in single-walled carbon nanotube hosts to enable the emission of shortwave infrared single photons at room temperature. However, all known chemistries developed thus far to generate these quantum defects produce a variety of bonding configurations, posing a formidable challenge to the synthesis of identical, uniformly emitting color centers. Herein, we show that laser irradiation of the nanotube host can locally reconfigure the chemical bonding of aryl OCCs on (6,5) nanotubes to significantly reduce their spectral inhomogeneity. After irradiation the defect emission narrows in distribution by ∼26% to yield a single photoluminescence peak. We use hyperspectral photoluminescence imaging to follow this structural transformation on the single nanotube level. Density functional theory calculations corroborate our experimental observations, suggesting that the OCCs convert from kinetic structures to the more thermodynamically stable configuration. This approach may enable localized tuning and creation of identical OCCs for emerging applications in bioimaging, molecular sensing, and quantum information sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jacob Fortner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Alfieri A, Anantharaman SB, Zhang H, Jariwala D. Nanomaterials for Quantum Information Science and Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2109621. [PMID: 35139247 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum information science and engineering (QISE)-which entails the use of quantum mechanical states for information processing, communications, and sensing-and the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology have dominated condensed matter physics and materials science research in the 21st century. Solid-state devices for QISE have, to this point, predominantly been designed with bulk materials as their constituents. This review considers how nanomaterials (i.e., materials with intrinsic quantum confinement) may offer inherent advantages over conventional materials for QISE. The materials challenges for specific types of qubits, along with how emerging nanomaterials may overcome these challenges, are identified. Challenges for and progress toward nanomaterials-based quantum devices are condidered. The overall aim of the review is to help close the gap between the nanotechnology and quantum information communities and inspire research that will lead to next-generation quantum devices for scalable and practical quantum applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Alfieri
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Surendra B Anantharaman
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Huiqin Zhang
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen S, Jiang Y, Jia S, Liu H, Zhang G, Han X, Zhang R. Revealing the tunability of electronic structures and optical properties of novel SWCNT derivatives, phenine nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24239-24248. [PMID: 34668917 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03932f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have evoked great interest for various luminescent applications, but the large emission heterogeneity resulting from the structural complexity of the samples seriously restricts their further development. Herein we theoretically explore the electronic structures and optical properties of phenine nanotubes (pNTs), which are typical luminescent SWCNT derivatives with determined molecular structures that have been synthesized recently (Z. Sun, K. Ikemoto, T. M. Fukunaga, T. Koretsune, R. Arita, S. Sato and H. Isobe, Science, 2019, 363, 151-155; K. Ikemoto, S. Yang, H. Naito, M. Kotani, S. Sato and H. Isobe, Nat. Commun., 2020, 11, 1807). Interestingly, pNTs are found to feature different semiconducting properties to SWCNTs, as indicated by a spatial separation trend in the HOMO and LUMO resulting from periodic structural vacancies. The HOMO-LUMO and optical gaps of pNTs depend inversely on their lengths and diameters, but diameter variation should be an ineffective method for property tuning due to its negligible influence. By contrast, chemical modifications via N doping or hydrogenation highly affect the HOMO-LUMO gaps and their distributions and greatly broaden the light absorption/emission range, and importantly, low-dose hydrogenation is predicted to be a feasible strategy to enhance luminescence. This work, by studying the fundamental photophysical properties of pNTs and making comparisons to SWCNTs, shows the promise of structural vacancy engineering and surface functionalization in acquiring multifunctional tube-like materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunwei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China. .,Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.
| | - Shangke Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.
| | - Guangwei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.
| | - Xiujun Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Keal L. Breakthrough instruments and products: Scientific imaging in the short-wave infrared with the NIRvana family of SWIR cameras. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:079501. [PMID: 34340403 DOI: 10.1063/5.0059002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Short-Wave Infrared Range (SWIR) from 900 to 1700 nm offers many unique opportunities for discovery in scientific imaging. However, the indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) cameras capable of detecting this wavelength range typically suffer from excessive noise and image artifacts, making scientific imaging challenging. The NIRvana family of InGaAs cameras from Teledyne Princeton Instruments offer "SWIR for Science," through cutting-edge sensor cooling, thermal management, sensor shielding, and image corrections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Keal
- Teledyne Princeton Instruments, Cambrai Court, 1229A, Stratford Road, Birmingham B28 9AA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zorn N, Berger FJ, Zaumseil J. Charge Transport in and Electroluminescence from sp 3-Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Networks. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10451-10463. [PMID: 34048654 PMCID: PMC8223481 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The controlled covalent functionalization of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with luminescent sp3 defects leads to additional narrow and tunable photoluminescence features in the near-infrared and even enables single-photon emission at room temperature, thus strongly expanding their application potential. However, the successful integration of sp3-functionalized SWCNTs in optoelectronic devices with efficient defect state electroluminescence not only requires control over their emission properties but also a detailed understanding of the impact of functionalization on their electrical performance, especially in dense networks. Here, we demonstrate ambipolar, light-emitting field-effect transistors based on networks of pristine and functionalized polymer-sorted (6,5) SWCNTs. We investigate the influence of sp3 defects on charge transport by employing electroluminescence and (charge-modulated) photoluminescence spectroscopy combined with temperature-dependent current-voltage measurements. We find that sp3-functionalized SWCNTs actively participate in charge transport within the network as mobile carriers efficiently sample the sp3 defects, which act as shallow trap states. While both hole and electron mobilities decrease with increasing degree of functionalization, the transistors remain fully operational, showing electroluminescence from the defect states that can be tuned by the defect density.
Collapse
|