1
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Rahman MM, Jo YY, Kim YH, Park CK. Current insights and therapeutic strategies for targeting TRPV1 in neuropathic pain management. Life Sci 2024; 355:122954. [PMID: 39128820 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain, a common symptom of several disorders, exerts a substantial socioeconomic burden worldwide. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a non-selective cation channel predominantly ex-pressed in nociceptive neurons, plays a pivotal role in nociception, by detecting various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including heat, pro-inflammatory mediators, and physical stressors. Dysregulation of TRPV1 signaling further contributes to the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Therefore, targeting TRPV1 is a promising strategy for developing novel analgesics with improved efficacy and safety profiles. Several pharmacological approaches to modulate TRPV1 activity, including agonists, antagonists, and biological TRPV1 RNA interference (RNAi, small interfering RNA [siRNA]) have been explored. Despite preclinical success, the clinical translation of TRPV1-targeted therapies has encountered challenges, including hyperthermia, hypothermia, pungency, and desensitization. Nevertheless, ongoing research efforts aim to refine TRPV1-targeted interventions through structural modifications, development of selective modulators, and discovery of natural, peptide-based drug candidates. Herein, we provide guidance for researchers and clinicians involved in the development of new interventions specifically targeting TRPV1 by reviewing the existing literature and highlighting current research activities. This study further discusses potential future research endeavors for enhancing the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of TRPV1 candidates, and thereby facilitates the translation of these discoveries into effective clinical interventions to alleviate neuropathic pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Yi Jo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Mott TM, Wulffraat GC, Eddins AJ, Mehl RA, Senning EN. Fluorescence labeling strategies for the study of ion channel and receptor cell surface expression: A comprehensive toolkit for extracellular labeling of TRPV1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.09.593209. [PMID: 39005265 PMCID: PMC11244879 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Regulation of ion channel expression on the plasma membrane is a major determinant of neuronal excitability, and identifying the underlying mechanisms of this expression is critical to our understanding of neurons. A critical aspect of measuring changes in ion channel expression is uniquely identifying ion channels located on the cell surface. To accomplish this goal we demonstrate two orthogonal strategies to label extracellular sites of the ion channel TRPV1 that minimally perturb the function of the channel: 1) We use the amber codon suppression technique to introduce a non-canonical amino acid (ncAA) with tetrazine click chemistry compatible with a trans-cyclooctene coupled fluorescent dye. 2) By inserting the circularly permutated HaloTag (cpHaloTag) in an extracellular loop of TRPV1, we incorporate a click-chemistry site for a chloroalkane-linked fluorescent dye of our choosing. Optimization of ncAA insertion sites was accomplished by screening residue positions between the S1 and S2 transmembrane domains with elevated missense variants in the human population, and we identified T468 as a rapid labeling site (~5 minutes) based on functional as well as biochemical assays in HEK293T/17 cells. After several rounds of adapting the linker lengths and backbone placement of cpHaloTag on the extracellular side of TRPV1, our efforts led to a channel construct that robustly expressed as a fully functional TRPV1exCellHalo fusion with intact wild-type gating properties. The TRPV1exCellHalo construct was used in a single molecule experiment to track TRPV1 on the cell surface and validate studies that show decreased mobility of the channel upon activation. The success of these extracellular label TRPV1 (exCellTRPV1) constructs as tools to track surface expression of the channel will shed significant light on the mechanisms regulating expression and provide a general scheme to introduce similar modifications to other cell surface receptors.
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3
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Trofimov YA, Krylov NA, Minakov AS, Nadezhdin KD, Neuberger A, Sobolevsky AI, Efremov RG. Dynamic molecular portraits of ion-conducting pores characterize functional states of TRPV channels. Commun Chem 2024; 7:119. [PMID: 38824263 PMCID: PMC11144267 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Structural biology is solving an ever-increasing number of snapshots of ion channel conformational ensembles. Deciphering ion channel mechanisms, however, requires understanding the ensemble dynamics beyond the static structures. Here, we present a molecular modeling-based approach characterizing the ion channel structural intermediates, or their "dynamic molecular portraits", by assessing water and ion conductivity along with the detailed evaluation of pore hydrophobicity and residue packing. We illustrate the power of this approach by analyzing structures of few vanilloid-subfamily transient receptor potential (TRPV) channels. Based on the pore architecture, there are three major states that are common for TRPVs, which we call α-closed, π-closed, and π-open. We show that the pore hydrophobicity and residue packing for the open state is most favorable for the pore conductance. On the contrary, the α-closed state is the most hydrophobic and always non-conducting. Our approach can also be used for structural and functional classification of ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury A Trofimov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Krylov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Kirill D Nadezhdin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Neuberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roman G Efremov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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4
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Nadezhdin KD, Neuberger A, Khosrof LS, Talyzina IA, Khau J, Yelshanskaya MV, Sobolevsky AI. TRPV3 activation by different agonists accompanied by lipid dissociation from the vanilloid site. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn2453. [PMID: 38691614 PMCID: PMC11062575 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
TRPV3 represents both temperature- and ligand-activated transient receptor potential (TRP) channel. Physiologically relevant opening of TRPV3 channels by heat has been captured structurally, while opening by agonists has only been observed in structures of mutant channels. Here, we present cryo-EM structures that illuminate opening and inactivation of wild-type human TRPV3 in response to binding of two types of agonists: either the natural cannabinoid tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) or synthetic agonist 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2-APB). We found that THCV binds to the vanilloid site, while 2-APB binds to the S1-S4 base and ARD-TMD linker sites. Despite binding to distally located sites, both agonists induce similar pore opening and cause dissociation of a lipid that occupies the vanilloid site in their absence. Our results uncover different but converging allosteric pathways through which small-molecule agonists activate TRPV3 and provide a framework for drug design and understanding the role of lipids in ion channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill D. Nadezhdin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lena S. Khosrof
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irina A. Talyzina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Khau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria V. Yelshanskaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Huffer K, Tan XF, Fernández-Mariño AI, Dhingra S, Swartz KJ. Dilation of ion selectivity filters in cation channels. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:417-430. [PMID: 38514273 PMCID: PMC11069442 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Ion channels establish the voltage gradient across cellular membranes by providing aqueous pathways for ions to selectively diffuse down their concentration gradients. The selectivity of any given channel for its favored ions has conventionally been viewed as a stable property, and in many cation channels, it is determined by an ion-selectivity filter within the external end of the ion-permeation pathway. In several instances, including voltage-activated K+ (Kv) channels, ATP-activated P2X receptor channels, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, the ion-permeation pathways have been proposed to dilate in response to persistent activation, dynamically altering ion permeation. Here, we discuss evidence for dynamic ion selectivity, examples where ion selectivity filters exhibit structural plasticity, and opportunities to fill gaps in our current understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Huffer
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiao-Feng Tan
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ana I Fernández-Mariño
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Surbhi Dhingra
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenton J Swartz
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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6
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Nadezhdin KD, Correia L, Shalygin A, Aktolun M, Neuberger A, Gudermann T, Kurnikova MG, Chubanov V, Sobolevsky AI. Structural basis of selective TRPM7 inhibition by the anticancer agent CCT128930. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114108. [PMID: 38615321 PMCID: PMC11096667 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
TRP channels are implicated in various diseases, but high structural similarity between them makes selective pharmacological modulation challenging. Here, we study the molecular mechanism underlying specific inhibition of the TRPM7 channel, which is essential for cancer cell proliferation, by the anticancer agent CCT128930 (CCT). Using cryo-EM, functional analysis, and MD simulations, we show that CCT binds to a vanilloid-like (VL) site, stabilizing TRPM7 in the closed non-conducting state. Similar to other allosteric inhibitors of TRPM7, NS8593 and VER155008, binding of CCT is accompanied by displacement of a lipid that resides in the VL site in the apo condition. Moreover, we demonstrate the principal role of several residues in the VL site enabling CCT to inhibit TRPM7 without impacting the homologous TRPM6 channel. Hence, our results uncover the central role of the VL site for the selective interaction of TRPM7 with small molecules that can be explored in future drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill D Nadezhdin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonor Correia
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexey Shalygin
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, a Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Muhammed Aktolun
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arthur Neuberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, a Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Maria G Kurnikova
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir Chubanov
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Rohacs T. Phosphoinositide Regulation of TRP Channels: A Functional Overview in the Structural Era. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:329-355. [PMID: 37871124 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-013956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels have diverse activation mechanisms including physical stimuli, such as high or low temperatures, and a variety of intracellular signaling molecules. Regulation by phosphoinositides and their derivatives is their only known common regulatory feature. For most TRP channels, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] serves as a cofactor required for activity. Such dependence on PI(4,5)P2 has been demonstrated for members of the TRPM subfamily and for the epithelial TRPV5 and TRPV6 channels. Intracellular TRPML channels show specific activation by PI(3,5)P2. Structural studies uncovered the PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,5)P2 binding sites for these channels and shed light on the mechanism of channel opening. PI(4,5)P2 regulation of TRPV1-4 as well as some TRPC channels is more complex, involving both positive and negative effects. This review discusses the functional roles of phosphoinositides in TRP channel regulation and molecular insights gained from recent cryo-electron microscopy structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Rohacs
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey;
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Cherry AL, Wheeler MJ, Mathisova K, Di Miceli M. In silico analyses of the involvement of GPR55, CB1R and TRPV1: response to THC, contribution to temporal lobe epilepsy, structural modeling and updated evolution. Front Neuroinform 2024; 18:1294939. [PMID: 38404644 PMCID: PMC10894036 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2024.1294939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is named after the discovery that endogenous cannabinoids bind to the same receptors as the phytochemical compounds found in Cannabis. While endogenous cannabinoids include anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), exogenous phytocannabinoids include Δ-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). These compounds finely tune neurotransmission following synapse activation, via retrograde signaling that activates cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) and/or transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1). Recently, the eCB system has been linked to several neurological diseases, such as neuro-ocular abnormalities, pain insensitivity, migraine, epilepsy, addiction and neurodevelopmental disorders. In the current study, we aim to: (i) highlight a potential link between the eCB system and neurological disorders, (ii) assess if THC exposure alters the expression of eCB-related genes, and (iii) identify evolutionary-conserved residues in CB1R or TRPV1 in light of their function. Methods To address this, we used several bioinformatic approaches, such as transcriptomic (Gene Expression Omnibus), protein-protein (STRING), phylogenic (BLASTP, MEGA) and structural (Phyre2, AutoDock, Vina, PyMol) analyzes. Results Using RNA sequencing datasets, we did not observe any dysregulation of eCB-related transcripts in major depressive disorders, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia in the anterior cingulate cortex, nucleus accumbens or dorsolateral striatum. Following in vivo THC exposure in adolescent mice, GPR55 was significantly upregulated in neurons from the ventral tegmental area, while other transcripts involved in the eCB system were not affected by THC exposure. Our results also suggest that THC likely induces neuroinflammation following in vitro application on mice microglia. Significant downregulation of TPRV1 occurred in the hippocampi of mice in which a model of temporal lobe epilepsy was induced, confirming previous observations. In addition, several transcriptomic dysregulations were observed in neurons of both epileptic mice and humans, which included transcripts involved in neuronal death. When scanning known interactions for transcripts involved in the eCB system (n = 12), we observed branching between the eCB system and neurophysiology, including proteins involved in the dopaminergic system. Our protein phylogenic analyzes revealed that CB1R forms a clade with CB2R, which is distinct from related paralogues such as sphingosine-1-phosphate, receptors, lysophosphatidic acid receptors and melanocortin receptors. As expected, several conserved residues were identified, which are crucial for CB1R receptor function. The anandamide-binding pocket seems to have appeared later in evolution. Similar results were observed for TRPV1, with conserved residues involved in receptor activation. Conclusion The current study found that GPR55 is upregulated in neurons following THC exposure, while TRPV1 is downregulated in temporal lobe epilepsy. Caution is advised when interpreting the present results, as we have employed secondary analyzes. Common ancestors for CB1R and TRPV1 diverged from jawless vertebrates during the late Ordovician, 450 million years ago. Conserved residues are identified, which mediate crucial receptor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Cherry
- Worcester Biomedical Research Group, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Wheeler
- Sustainable Environments Research Group, School of Science and the Environment University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Karolina Mathisova
- School of Science and the Environment University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Di Miceli
- Worcester Biomedical Research Group, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
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9
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Jiang M, Yan L, Li M, Ye F, Shang E, Sun S, Fan X. Computer-aided investigation of Traditional Chinese Medicine mechanisms: A case study of San-Ao decoction in asthma treatment. Comput Biol Med 2024; 169:107868. [PMID: 38211384 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The San-Ao Decoction (SAD) is a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula used to alleviate respiratory symptoms, including asthma. However, its precise mechanisms of action have remained largely unknown. In this study, we utilized computer-aided approaches to explore these mechanisms. Firstly, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition of SAD, which allowed us to identify the 28 main ingredients. Then, we employed computer simulations to investigate the potential active ingredients of SAD and the corresponding binding sites of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). The simulations revealed that D509 and D647 were the potential binding sites for TRPV1. Notably, molecular dynamics (MD) studies indicated that site D509 may function as an allosteric site of TRPV1. Furthermore, to validate the computer-aided predictions, we performed experimental studies, including in vitro and in vivo assays. The results of these experiments confirmed the predictions made by our computational models, providing further evidence for the mechanisms of action of San-Ao Decoction in asthma treatment. Our findings demonstrated that: i) D509 and D647 of TRPV1 are the key binding sites for the main ingredients of SAD; ii) SAD or its main ingredients significantly reduce the influx of Ca2+ through TRPV1, following the TCM principle of "Jun, Chen, Zuo, Shi"; iii) SAD shows efficiency in comprehensive in vivo validation. In conclusion, our computer-aided investigation of San-Ao Decoction in asthma treatment has provided valuable insights into the therapeutic mechanisms of this TCM formula. The combination of computational analysis and experimental validation has proven effective in enhancing our understanding of TCM and may pave the way for future discoveries in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyue Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengwen Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Ye
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Erxin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanliang Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Xinsheng Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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De Jesús-Pérez JJ, Gabrielle M, Raheem S, Fluck EC, Rohacs T, Moiseenkova-Bell VY. Structural mechanism of TRPV5 inhibition by econazole. Structure 2024; 32:148-156.e5. [PMID: 38141613 PMCID: PMC10872542 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The calcium-selective TRPV5 channel activated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] is involved in calcium homeostasis. Recently, cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) provided molecular details of TRPV5 modulation by exogenous and endogenous molecules. However, the details of TRPV5 inhibition by the antifungal agent econazole (ECN) remain elusive due to the low resolution of the currently available structure. In this study, we employ cryo-EM to comprehensively examine how the ECN inhibits TRPV5. By combining our structural findings with site-directed mutagenesis, calcium measurements, electrophysiology, and molecular dynamics simulations, we determined that residues F472 and L475 on the S4 helix, along with residue W495 on the S5 helix, collectively constitute the ECN-binding site. Additionally, the structure of TRPV5 in the presence of ECN and PI(4,5)P2, which does not show the bound activator, reveals a potential inhibition mechanism in which ECN competes with PI(4,5)P2, preventing the latter from binding, and ultimately pore closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J De Jesús-Pérez
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew Gabrielle
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Sumiyya Raheem
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Edwin C Fluck
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tibor Rohacs
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Vera Y Moiseenkova-Bell
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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11
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Huang J, Korsunsky A, Yazdani M, Chen J. Targeting TRP channels: recent advances in structure, ligand binding, and molecular mechanisms. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1334370. [PMID: 38273937 PMCID: PMC10808746 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1334370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a large and diverse family of transmembrane ion channels that are widely expressed, have important physiological roles, and are associated with many human diseases. These proteins are actively pursued as promising drug targets, benefitting greatly from advances in structural and mechanistic studies of TRP channels. At the same time, the complex, polymodal activation and regulation of TRP channels have presented formidable challenges. In this short review, we summarize recent progresses toward understanding the structural basis of TRP channel function, as well as potential ligand binding sites that could be targeted for therapeutics. A particular focus is on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of TRP channel activation and regulation, where many fundamental questions remain unanswered. We believe that a deeper understanding of the functional mechanisms of TRP channels will be critical and likely transformative toward developing successful therapeutic strategies targeting these exciting proteins. This endeavor will require concerted efforts from computation, structural biology, medicinal chemistry, electrophysiology, pharmacology, drug safety and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Aron Korsunsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Mahdieh Yazdani
- Modeling and Informatics, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, United States
| | - Jianhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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12
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García-Morales A, Balleza D. Non-canonical helical transitions and conformational switching are associated with characteristic flexibility and disorder indices in TRP and Kv channels. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2212349. [PMID: 37196183 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2212349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural evidence and much experimental data have demonstrated the presence of non-canonical helical substructures (π and 310) in regions of great functional relevance both in TRP as in Kv channels. Through an exhaustive compositional analysis of the sequences underlying these substructures, we find that each of them is associated with characteristic local flexibility profiles, which in turn are implicated in significant conformational rearrangements and interactions with specific ligands. We found that α-to-π helical transitions are associated with patterns of local rigidity whereas α-to-310 transitions are mainly leagued with high local flexibility profiles. We also study the relationship between flexibility and protein disorder in the transmembrane domain of these proteins. By contrasting these two parameters, we located regions showing a sort of structural discrepancy between these similar but not identical protein attributes. Notably, these regions are presumably implicated in important conformational rearrangements during the gating in those channels. In that sense, finding these regions where flexibility and disorder are not proportional allows us to detect regions with potential functional dynamism. From this point of view, we highlighted some conformational rearrangements that occur during ligand binding events, the compaction, and refolding of the outer pore loops in several TRP channels, as well as the well-known S4 motion in Kv channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Balleza
- Unidad de Investigación y desarrollo en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz. Tecnológico Nacional de México, Veracruz, MEXICO
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13
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Almatrafi AM, Alluqmani MM, Basit S. Homozygous Duplication in the CHRNE in a Family with Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome 4C: 18-Year Follow Up. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2983. [PMID: 38001983 PMCID: PMC10668953 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs) are rare inherited diseases characterized by muscle weakness and fatigability on exertion resulting from defects in the neuromuscular junctions. Mutations in 32 genes have been reported as the underlying causes of CMS, with mutations in the cholinergic receptor nicotinic epsilon subunit (CHRNE) being the most common cause of the disease. Methodology and Materials: This study investigated a large consanguineous family with multiple individuals suffering from abnormal fatigue and muscle weakness in the ocular and limb regions. Moreover, the affected individuals were followed up for 18 years to observe the clinical course of the disease. RESULTS High-quality exome sequencing followed by bidirectional Sanger sequencing revealed a homozygous duplication variant (NM_000080.4: c.1220-8_1227dup) in the splice acceptor site of exon 11 of the CHRNE gene. This variant is predicted to cause frameshift and premature termination (p.Cys410ProfsTer51). Both parents had heterozygous duplication variants with no clinical symptoms. The personalized treatment of the affected individuals resulted in a marked improvement in the clinical symptoms. More than 80% of the disease symptoms in the affected individuals subsided after the use of pyridostigmine and salbutamol (4 mg). CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of long-term follow up of cases with homozygous insertion (c.1220-8_1227dup) in the CHRNE gene. Furthermore, this report expands the phenotypic symptoms associated with the CHRNE mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M. Almatrafi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Majed M. Alluqmani
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sulman Basit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Wei X, Yang Q, Yang Z, Huang T, Yang H, Wang L, Pan L, Ding J. Discovery of novel TRPV1 modulators through machine learning-based molecular docking and molecular similarity searching. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:409-423. [PMID: 37489095 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel belongs to the transient receptor potential channel superfamily and participates in many physiological processes. TRPV1 modulators (both agonists and antagonists) can effectively inhibit pain caused by various factors and have curative effects in various diseases, such as itch, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the development of TRPV1 channel modulators is of great importance. In this study, the structure-based virtual screening and ligand-based virtual screening methods were used to screen compound databases respectively. In the structure-based virtual screening route, a full-length human TRPV1 protein was first constructed, three molecular docking methods with different precisions were performed based on the hTRPV1 structure, and a machine learning-based rescoring model by the XGBoost algorithm was constructed to enrich active compounds. In the ligand-based virtual screening route, the ROCS program was used for 3D shape similarity searching and the EON program was used for electrostatic similarity searching. Final 77 compounds were selected from two routes for in vitro assays. The results showed that 8 of them were identified as active compounds, including three hits with IC50 values close to capsazepine. In addition, one hit is a partial agonist with both agonistic and antagonistic activity. The mechanisms of some active compounds were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation, which explained their agonism or antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Qifan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Tengxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Hang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
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15
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Wang G. Thermoring-based heat activation switches in the TRPV1 biothermometer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125915. [PMID: 37481175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Non-covalent interactions in bio-macromolecules are individually weak but collectively important. How they take a concerted action in a complex biochemical reaction network to realize their thermal stability and activity is still challenging to study. Here graph theory was used to investigate how the temperature-dependent non-covalent interactions as identified in the 3D structures of the thermo-gated capsaicin receptor TRPV1 could form a systemic fluidic grid-like mesh network with topological grids constrained as the thermo-rings to govern heat-sensing. The results showed that the heat-evoked melting of the biggest grid initiated a matched temperature threshold to release the lipid from the active vanilloid site for channel activation. Meanwhile, smaller grids were required to stabilize heat efficacy. Altogether, the change in the total grid sizes upon the change in the total noncovalent interactions along the lipid-dependent gating pathway was necessary for the matched temperature sensitivity. Therefore, this grid thermodynamic model may be broadly significant for the structural thermostability and the functional thermoactivity of bio-macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Drug Research and Development, Institute of Biophysical Medico-chemistry, Reno, NV 89523, USA.
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16
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Lansky S, Betancourt JM, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Kim ED, Paknejad N, Nimigean CM, Yuan P, Scheuring S. A pentameric TRPV3 channel with a dilated pore. Nature 2023; 621:206-214. [PMID: 37648856 PMCID: PMC10584365 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a large, eukaryotic ion channel superfamily that control diverse physiological functions, and therefore are attractive drug targets1-5. More than 210 structures from more than 20 different TRP channels have been determined, and all are tetramers4. Despite this wealth of structures, many aspects concerning TRPV channels remain poorly understood, including the pore-dilation phenomenon, whereby prolonged activation leads to increased conductance, permeability to large ions and loss of rectification6,7. Here, we used high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) to analyse membrane-embedded TRPV3 at the single-molecule level and discovered a pentameric state. HS-AFM dynamic imaging revealed transience and reversibility of the pentamer in dynamic equilibrium with the canonical tetramer through membrane diffusive protomer exchange. The pentamer population increased upon diphenylboronic anhydride (DPBA) addition, an agonist that has been shown to induce TRPV3 pore dilation. On the basis of these findings, we designed a protein production and data analysis pipeline that resulted in a cryogenic-electron microscopy structure of the TRPV3 pentamer, showing an enlarged pore compared to the tetramer. The slow kinetics to enter and exit the pentameric state, the increased pentamer formation upon DPBA addition and the enlarged pore indicate that the pentamer represents the structural correlate of pore dilation. We thus show membrane diffusive protomer exchange as an additional mechanism for structural changes and conformational variability. Overall, we provide structural evidence for a non-canonical pentameric TRP-channel assembly, laying the foundation for new directions in TRP channel research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifra Lansky
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Michael Betancourt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yining Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology, and Molecular Biology Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Navid Paknejad
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Crina M Nimigean
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon Scheuring
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Neuberger A, Trofimov YA, Yelshanskaya MV, Khau J, Nadezhdin KD, Khosrof LS, Krylov NA, Efremov RG, Sobolevsky AI. Molecular pathway and structural mechanism of human oncochannel TRPV6 inhibition by the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabivarin. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4630. [PMID: 37532722 PMCID: PMC10397291 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-selective oncochannel TRPV6 is an important driver of cell proliferation in human cancers. Despite increasing interest of pharmacological research in developing synthetic inhibitors of TRPV6, natural compounds acting at this channel have been largely neglected. On the other hand, pharmacokinetics of natural small-molecule antagonists optimized by nature throughout evolution endows these compounds with a medicinal potential to serve as potent and safe next-generation anti-cancer drugs. Here we report the structure of human TRPV6 in complex with tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), a natural cannabinoid inhibitor extracted from Cannabis sativa. We use cryo-electron microscopy combined with electrophysiology, calcium imaging, mutagenesis, and molecular dynamics simulations to identify THCV binding sites in the portals that connect the membrane environment surrounding the protein to the central cavity of the channel pore and to characterize the allosteric mechanism of TRPV6 inhibition. We also propose the molecular pathway taken by THCV to reach its binding site. Our study provides a foundation for the development of new TRPV6-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Neuberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yury A Trofimov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V Yelshanskaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Khau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kirill D Nadezhdin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lena S Khosrof
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikolay A Krylov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman G Efremov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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18
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Nadezhdin KD, Talyzina IA, Parthasarathy A, Neuberger A, Zhang DX, Sobolevsky AI. Structure of human TRPV4 in complex with GTPase RhoA. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3733. [PMID: 37353478 PMCID: PMC10290124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel TRPV4 is a polymodal cellular sensor that responds to moderate heat, cell swelling, shear stress, and small-molecule ligands. It is involved in thermogenesis, regulation of vascular tone, bone homeostasis, renal and pulmonary functions. TRPV4 is implicated in neuromuscular and skeletal disorders, pulmonary edema, and cancers, and represents an important drug target. The cytoskeletal remodeling GTPase RhoA has been shown to suppress TRPV4 activity. Here, we present a structure of the human TRPV4-RhoA complex that shows RhoA interaction with the membrane-facing surface of the TRPV4 ankyrin repeat domains. The contact interface reveals residues that are mutated in neuropathies, providing an insight into the disease pathogenesis. We also identify the binding sites of the TRPV4 agonist 4α-PDD and the inhibitor HC-067047 at the base of the S1-S4 bundle, and show that agonist binding leads to pore opening, while channel inhibition involves a π-to-α transition in the pore-forming helix S6. Our structures elucidate the interaction interface between hTRPV4 and RhoA, as well as residues at this interface that are involved in TRPV4 disease-causing mutations. They shed light on TRPV4 activation and inhibition and provide a template for the design of future therapeutics for treatment of TRPV4-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill D Nadezhdin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Irina A Talyzina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Aravind Parthasarathy
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Arthur Neuberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - David X Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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19
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Neuberger A, Oda M, Nikolaev YA, Nadezhdin KD, Gracheva EO, Bagriantsev SN, Sobolevsky AI. Human TRPV1 structure and inhibition by the analgesic SB-366791. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2451. [PMID: 37117175 PMCID: PMC10147690 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain therapy has remained conceptually stagnant since the opioid crisis, which highlighted the dangers of treating pain with opioids. An alternative addiction-free strategy to conventional painkiller-based treatment is targeting receptors at the origin of the pain pathway, such as transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels. Thus, a founding member of the vanilloid subfamily of TRP channels, TRPV1, represents one of the most sought-after pain therapy targets. The need for selective TRPV1 inhibitors extends beyond pain treatment, to other diseases associated with this channel, including psychiatric disorders. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of human TRPV1 in the apo state and in complex with the TRPV1-specific nanomolar-affinity analgesic antagonist SB-366791. SB-366791 binds to the vanilloid site and acts as an allosteric hTRPV1 inhibitor. SB-366791 binding site is supported by mutagenesis combined with electrophysiological recordings and can be further explored to design new drugs targeting TRPV1 in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Neuberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mai Oda
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Yury A Nikolaev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Kirill D Nadezhdin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena O Gracheva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Sviatoslav N Bagriantsev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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20
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Bustos D, Galarza C, Ordoñez W, Brauchi S, Benso B. Cost-Effective Pipeline for a Rational Design and Selection of Capsaicin Analogues Targeting TRPV1 Channels. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11736-11749. [PMID: 37033853 PMCID: PMC10077575 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels constitute a large group of membrane receptors associated with sensory pathways in vertebrates. One of the most studied is TRPV1, a polymodal receptor tuned for detecting heat and pungent compounds. Specific inhibition of the nociceptive transduction at the peripheral nerve represents a convenient approach to pain relief. While acting as a chemoreceptor, TRPV1 shows high sensitivity and selectivity for capsaicin. In contrast to the drugs available on the market that target the inflammatory system, TRPV1 antagonists act as negative modulators of nociceptive transduction. Therefore, the development of compounds modulating TRPV1 activity has expanded dramatically over time. Experimental data suggest that most agonist and antagonist drugs interact at or near capsaicin's binding site. In particular, the properties of capsaicin's head play an essential role in modulating potency and affinity. Here, we explored a cost-efficient pipeline to predict the effects of introducing chemical modifications into capsaicin's head region. An extensive set of molecules was selected by first considering the geometrical properties of capsaicin's binding site and then molecular docking. Finally, the novel ligands were ranked by combining molecular and pharmacokinetic predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bustos
- Centro
de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría
de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad
Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Laboratorio
de Bioinformática y Química Computacional, Departamento
de Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile
| | - Christian Galarza
- Facultad
de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil 090703, Ecuador
| | - Wilson Ordoñez
- Facultad
de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil 090703, Ecuador
| | - Sebastian Brauchi
- Department
of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad
Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium
Nucleus of Ion Channels Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), 8330024, Chile
| | - Bruna Benso
- Millennium
Nucleus of Ion Channels Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), 8330024, Chile
- School of
Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia
Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
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21
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Abstract
The ability to detect stimuli from the environment plays a pivotal role in our survival. The molecules that allow the detection of such signals include ion channels, which are proteins expressed in different cells and organs. Among these ion channels, the transient receptor potential (TRP) family responds to the presence of diverse chemicals, temperature, and osmotic changes, among others. This family of ion channels includes the TRPV or vanilloid subfamily whose members serve several physiological functions. Although these proteins have been studied intensively for the last two decades, owing to their structural and functional complexities, a number of controversies regarding their function still remain. Here, we discuss some salient features of their regulation in light of these controversies and outline some of the efforts pushing the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Rosenbaum
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience Division, Institute for Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacán, México;
| | - León D Islas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacán, México
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22
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Mott TM, Ibarra JS, Kandula N, Senning EN. Mutagenesis studies of TRPV1 subunit interfaces informed by genomic variant analysis. Biophys J 2023; 122:322-332. [PMID: 36518076 PMCID: PMC9892609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein structures and mutagenesis studies have been instrumental in elucidating molecular mechanisms of ion channel function, but making informed choices about which residues to target for mutagenesis can be challenging. Therefore, we investigated the potential for using human population genomic data to further refine our selection of mutagenesis sites in TRPV1. Single nucleotide polymorphism data of TRPV1 from gnomAD 2.1.1 revealed a lower number of missense variants within buried residues of the ankyrin repeat domain and an increased number of variants between secondary structure elements of the transmembrane segments. We hypothesized that residues critical to interactions at interfaces between subunits or domains in the channel would exhibit a similar reduction in variants. We identified in the structure of ground squirrel TRPV1 (PDB: 7LQY) a possible electrostatic network between K155 and K160 in the N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain and E761 and D762 in the C-terminus (K-KED). Consistent with our hypothesis for residues at key interface sites, none of the four residues have any variants reported in gnomAD 2.1.1. Ca2+ imaging of TRPV1 K-KED mutants confirmed significant roles for these residues, but we found that the electrostatic interaction is not essential since channel function is still observed in total charge reversals on the C-terminal side of the interface (E761K/D762K). Interestingly, Ca2+ imaging responses for a charge swap experiment with K155D/D762K showed partially restored wild-type responses. Using electrophysiology, we found that charge reversals on either K155 or D762 increased the baseline currents of TRPV1, and the charge swapped double mutant, K155D/D762K, partially restored baseline currents to wild-type levels. We interpret these results to mean that contacts across residues in the K-KED interface shift the equilibria of conformations to closed pore states. Our study demonstrates the utility and applicability of a combined missense variant and structure targeted investigation of residues at TRPV1 subunit interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M Mott
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Jordan S Ibarra
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Nivitha Kandula
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5000 Holmes St, Kansas City, Missouri 64110
| | - Eric N Senning
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712.
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23
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Rosenbaum T, Morales-Lázaro SL. Regulation of ThermoTRP Channels by PIP2 and Cholesterol. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1422:245-277. [PMID: 36988884 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are proteins that are expressed by diverse tissues and that play pivotal functions in physiology. These channels are polymodal and are activated by several stimuli. Among TRPs, some members of this family of channels respond to changes in ambient temperature and are known as thermoTRPs. These proteins respond to heat or cold in the noxious range and some of them to temperatures considered innocuous, as well as to mechanical, osmotic, and/or chemical stimuli. In addition to this already complex ability to respond to different signals, the activity of these ion channels can be fine-tuned by lipids. Two lipids well known to modulate ion channel activity are phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and cholesterol. These lipids can either influence the function of these proteins through direct interaction by binding to a site in the structure of the ion channel or through indirect mechanisms, which can include modifying membrane properties, such as curvature and rigidity, by regulating their expression or by modulating the actions of other molecules or signaling pathways that affect the physiology of ion channels. Here, we summarize the key aspects of the regulation of thermoTRP channels by PIP2 and cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Rosenbaum
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Sara L Morales-Lázaro
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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24
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Structural mechanisms of TRPV2 modulation by endogenous and exogenous ligands. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:72-80. [PMID: 36163384 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) ion channel is a polymodal receptor widely involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Despite many TRPV2 modulators being identified, whether and how TRPV2 is regulated by endogenous lipids remains elusive. Here, we report an endogenous cholesterol molecule inside the vanilloid binding pocket (VBP) of TRPV2, with a 'head down, tail up' configuration, resolved at 3.2 Å using cryo-EM. Cholesterol binding antagonizes ligand activation of TRPV2, which is removed from VBP by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) as resolved at 2.9 Å. We also observed that estradiol (E2) potentiated TRPV2 activation by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), a classic tool compound for TRP channels. Our cryo-EM structures (resolved at 2.8-3.3 Å) further suggest how E2 disturbed cholesterol binding and how 2-APB bound within the VBP with E2 or without both E2 and endogenous cholesterol, respectively. Therefore, our study has established the structural basis for ligand recognition of the inhibitory endogenous cholesterol and excitatory exogenous 2-APB in TRPV2.
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25
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Blanes-Mira C, Fernández-Aguado P, de Andrés-López J, Fernández-Carvajal A, Ferrer-Montiel A, Fernández-Ballester G. Comprehensive Survey of Consensus Docking for High-Throughput Virtual Screening. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010175. [PMID: 36615367 PMCID: PMC9821981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid advances of 3D techniques for the structural determination of proteins and the development of numerous computational methods and strategies have led to identifying highly active compounds in computer drug design. Molecular docking is a method widely used in high-throughput virtual screening campaigns to filter potential ligands targeted to proteins. A great variety of docking programs are currently available, which differ in the algorithms and approaches used to predict the binding mode and the affinity of the ligand. All programs heavily rely on scoring functions to accurately predict ligand binding affinity, and despite differences in performance, none of these docking programs is preferable to the others. To overcome this problem, consensus scoring methods improve the outcome of virtual screening by averaging the rank or score of individual molecules obtained from different docking programs. The successful application of consensus docking in high-throughput virtual screening highlights the need to optimize the predictive power of molecular docking methods.
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Powerful Potential of Polyfluoroalkyl-Containing 4-Arylhydrazinylidenepyrazol-3-ones for Pharmaceuticals. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010059. [PMID: 36615256 PMCID: PMC9821843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
4-Arylhydrazinylidene-5-(polyfluoroalkyl)pyrazol-3-ones (4-AHPs) were found to be obtained by the regiospecific cyclization of 2-arylhydrazinylidene-3-(polyfluoroalkyl)-3-oxoesters with hydrazines, by the azo coupling of 4-nonsubstituted pyrazol-5-oles with aryldiazonium chlorides or by the firstly discovered acid-promoted self-condensation of 2-arylhydrazinylidene-3-oxoesters. All the 4-AHPs had an acceptable ADME profile. Varying the substituents in 4-AHPs promoted the switching or combining of their biological activity. The polyfluoroalkyl residue in 4-AHPs led to the appearance of an anticarboxylesterase action in the micromolar range. An NH-fragment and/or methyl group instead of the polyfluoroalkyl one in the 4-AHPs promoted antioxidant properties in the ABTS, FRAP and ORAC tests, as well as anti-cancer activity against HeLa that was at the Doxorubicin level coupled with lower cytotoxicity against normal human fibroblasts. Some Ph-N-substituted 4-AHPs could inhibit the growth of N. gonorrhoeae bacteria at MIC 0.9 μg/mL. The possibility of using 4-AHPs for cell visualization was shown. Most of the 4-AHPs exhibited a pronounced analgesic effect in a hot plate test in vivo at and above the diclofenac and metamizole levels except for the ones with two chlorine atoms in the aryl group. The methylsulfonyl residue was proved to raise the anti-inflammatory effect also. A mechanism of the antinociceptive action of the 4-AHPs through blocking the TRPV1 receptor was proposed and confirmed using in vitro experiment and molecular docking.
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Zhang L, Simonsen C, Zimova L, Wang K, Moparthi L, Gaudet R, Ekoff M, Nilsson G, Hellmich UA, Vlachova V, Gourdon P, Zygmunt PM. Cannabinoid non-cannabidiol site modulation of TRPV2 structure and function. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7483. [PMID: 36470868 PMCID: PMC9722916 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV2 is a ligand-operated temperature sensor with poorly defined pharmacology. Here, we combine calcium imaging and patch-clamp electrophysiology with cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to explore how TRPV2 activity is modulated by the phytocannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabiorcol (C16) and by probenecid. C16 and probenecid act in concert to stimulate TRPV2 responses including histamine release from rat and human mast cells. Each ligand causes distinct conformational changes in TRPV2 as revealed by cryo-EM. Although the binding for probenecid remains elusive, C16 associates within the vanilloid pocket. As such, the C16 binding location is distinct from that of cannabidiol, partially overlapping with the binding site of the TRPV2 inhibitor piperlongumine. Taken together, we discover a new cannabinoid binding site in TRPV2 that is under the influence of allosteric control by probenecid. This molecular insight into ligand modulation enhances our understanding of TRPV2 in normal and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhang
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden ,grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Simonsen
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lucie Zimova
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kaituo Wang
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lavanya Moparthi
- grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden ,grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rachelle Gaudet
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Maria Ekoff
- grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Division Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Nilsson
- grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Division Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ute A. Hellmich
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry and Cluster of Excellence “Balance of the Microverse”, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany ,grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Viktorie Vlachova
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pontus Gourdon
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter M. Zygmunt
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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28
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Rosenbaum T, Morales-Lázaro SL, Islas LD. TRP channels: a journey towards a molecular understanding of pain. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:596-610. [PMID: 35831443 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The perception of nociceptive signals, which are translated into pain, plays a fundamental role in the survival of organisms. Because pain is linked to a negative sensation, animals learn to avoid noxious signals. These signals are detected by receptors, which include some members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of ion channels that act as transducers of exogenous and endogenous noxious cues. These proteins have been in the focus of the field of physiology for several years, and much knowledge of how they regulate the function of the cell types and organs where they are expressed has been acquired. The last decade has been especially exciting because the 'resolution revolution' has allowed us to learn the molecular intimacies of TRP channels using cryogenic electron microscopy. These findings, in combination with functional studies, have provided insights into the role played by these channels in the generation and maintenance of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Rosenbaum
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Sara L Morales-Lázaro
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - León D Islas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
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29
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Cabezas-Bratesco D, Mcgee FA, Colenso CK, Zavala K, Granata D, Carnevale V, Opazo JC, Brauchi SE. Sequence and structural conservation reveal fingerprint residues in TRP channels. eLife 2022; 11:73645. [PMID: 35686986 PMCID: PMC9242649 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are a large family of cation-selective channels, surpassed in variety only by voltage-gated potassium channels. Detailed molecular mechanisms governing how membrane voltage, ligand binding, or temperature can induce conformational changes promoting the open state in TRP channels are still a matter of debate. Aiming to unveil distinctive structural features common to the transmembrane domains within the TRP family, we performed phylogenetic reconstruction, sequence statistics, and structural analysis over a large set of TRP channel genes. Here, we report an exceptionally conserved set of residues. This fingerprint is composed of twelve residues localized at equivalent three-dimensional positions in TRP channels from the different subtypes. Moreover, these amino acids are arranged in three groups, connected by a set of aromatics located at the core of the transmembrane structure. We hypothesize that differences in the connectivity between these different groups of residues harbor the apparent differences in coupling strategies used by TRP subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco A Mcgee
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Charlotte K Colenso
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kattina Zavala
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniele Granata
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | | | - Juan C Opazo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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30
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Sun MY, Zhang X, Yu PC, Liu D, Yang Y, Cui WW, Yang XN, Lei YT, Li XH, Wang WH, Cao P, Wang HS, Zhu MX, Li CZ, Wang R, Fan YZ, Yu Y. Vanilloid agonist-mediated activation of TRPV1 channels requires coordinated movement of the S1-S4 bundle rather than a quiescent state. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:1062-1076. [PMID: 36546250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid1 (TRPV1) channel plays an important role in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, and a comprehensive understanding of TRPV1 gating will create opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Recent incredible advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have yielded high-resolution structures of all TRPV subtypes (TRPV1-6) and all of them share highly conserved six transmembrane (TM) domains (S1-S6). As revealed by the open structures of TRPV1 in the presence of a bound vanilloid agonist (capsaicin or resiniferatoxin), TM helicesS1 to S4 form a bundle that remains quiescent during channel activation, highlighting differences in the gating mechanism of TRPV1 and voltage-gated ion channels. Here, however, we argue that the structural dynamics rather than quiescence of S1-S4 domains is necessary for capsaicin-mediated activation of TRPV1. Using fluorescent unnatural amino acid (flUAA) incorporation and voltage-clamp fluorometry (VCF) analysis, we directly observed allostery of the S1-S4 bundle upon capsaicin binding. Covalent occupation of VCF-identified sites, single-channel recording, cell apoptosis analysis, and exploration of the role of PSFL828, a novel non-vanilloid agonist we identified, have collectively confirmed the essential role of this coordinated S1-S4 motility in capsaicin-mediated activation of TRPV1. This study concludes that, in contrast to cryo-EM structural studies, vanilloid agonists are also required for S1-S4 movement during TRPV1 activation. Redefining the gating process of vanilloid agonists and the discovery of new non-vanilloid agonists will allow the evaluation of new strategies aimed at the development of TRPV1 modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yang Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Yu
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wen-Wen Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Na Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yun-Tao Lei
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xing-Hua Li
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chang-Zhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ying-Zhe Fan
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Ye Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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31
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Hwang SM, Jo YY, Cohen CF, Kim YH, Berta T, Park CK. Venom Peptide Toxins Targeting the Outer Pore Region of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 in Pain: Implications for Analgesic Drug Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105772. [PMID: 35628583 PMCID: PMC9147560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel plays an important role in the peripheral nociceptive pathway. TRPV1 is a polymodal receptor that can be activated by multiple types of ligands and painful stimuli, such as noxious heat and protons, and contributes to various acute and chronic pain conditions. Therefore, TRPV1 is emerging as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of various pain conditions. Notably, various peptides isolated from venomous animals potently and selectively control the activation and inhibition of TRPV1 by binding to its outer pore region. This review will focus on the mechanisms by which venom-derived peptides interact with this portion of TRPV1 to control receptor functions and how these mechanisms can drive the development of new types of analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Hwang
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.-M.H.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Youn-Yi Jo
- Gil Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Cinder Faith Cohen
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA;
| | - Yong-Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.-M.H.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Temugin Berta
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA;
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (C.-K.P.)
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.-M.H.); (Y.-H.K.)
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (C.-K.P.)
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32
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Yelshanskaya MV, Sobolevsky AI. Ligand-Binding Sites in Vanilloid-Subtype TRP Channels. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:900623. [PMID: 35652046 PMCID: PMC9149226 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.900623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanilloid-subfamily TRP channels TRPV1-6 play important roles in various physiological processes and are implicated in numerous human diseases. Advances in structural biology, particularly the "resolution revolution" in cryo-EM, have led to breakthroughs in molecular characterization of TRPV channels. Structures with continuously improving resolution uncover atomic details of TRPV channel interactions with small molecules and protein-binding partners. Here, we provide a classification of structurally characterized binding sites in TRPV channels and discuss the progress that has been made by structural biology combined with mutagenesis, functional recordings, and molecular dynamics simulations toward understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ligand action. Given the similarity in structural architecture of TRP channels, 16 unique sites identified in TRPV channels may be shared between TRP channel subfamilies, although the chemical identity of a particular ligand will likely depend on the local amino-acid composition. The characterized binding sites and molecular mechanisms of ligand action create a diversity of druggable targets to aid in the design of new molecules for tuning TRP channel function in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander I. Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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33
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Domene C, Darré L, Oakes V, Gonzalez-Resines S. A Potential Route of Capsaicin to Its Binding Site in the TRPV1 Ion Channel. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:2481-2489. [PMID: 35504659 PMCID: PMC9131452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are important pharmacological targets because of their role in the perception of pain, and so, understanding their chemical regulation is essential for the development of analgesic drugs. Among the currently known TRP channel chemical agonists, capsaicin, the active compound of chili pepper, is probably the most exhaustively studied. The availability of the three-dimensional structure of the vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) has fueled computational studies revealing the molecular details of capsaicin binding modes. Although this is a significant step, a comprehensible binding mechanism or pathway is invaluable for targeting TRP channels in modern pharmacology. In the present work, free-energy and enhanced sampling techniques have been used to explore a possible membrane-mediated pathway for capsaicin to enter the TRPV1 binding pocket where capsaicin accesses the protein starting at the extracellular milieu through the outer leaflet and into its binding site in the protein. The main states visited along this route have been characterized and include (i) a bound state in agreement with the binding mode "head-down, tail-up" and (ii) an alternative state corresponding to a "head-up, tail-down" binding mode. In agreement with previous reports, binding is mediated by both hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions, and residue Y511 is crucial for stabilizing the bound state and during the binding process. Together, these results provide a foundation to further understand TRPV channels, and they could be used to guide therapeutic design of selective inhibitors potentially leading to novel avenues for pharmacological applications targeting the TRPV1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Domene
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, 1 South Building, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.,Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Leonardo Darré
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Victoria Oakes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, 1 South Building, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Saul Gonzalez-Resines
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, 1 South Building, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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34
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Pumroy RA, Protopopova AD, Fricke TC, Lange IU, Haug FM, Nguyen PT, Gallo PN, Sousa BB, Bernardes GJL, Yarov-Yarovoy V, Leffler A, Moiseenkova-Bell VY. Structural insights into TRPV2 activation by small molecules. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2334. [PMID: 35484159 PMCID: PMC9051106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) is involved in many critical physiological and pathophysiological processes, making it a promising drug target. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of rat TRPV2 in lipid nanodiscs activated by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and propose a TRPV2-specific 2-ABP binding site at the interface of S5 of one monomer and the S4-S5 linker of the adjacent monomer. In silico docking and electrophysiological studies confirm the key role of His521 and Arg539 in 2-APB activation of TRPV2. Additionally, electrophysiological experiments show that the combination of 2-APB and cannabidiol has a synergetic effect on TRPV2 activation, and cryo-EM structures demonstrate that both drugs were able to bind simultaneously. Together, our cryo-EM structures represent multiple functional states of the channel, providing a native picture of TRPV2 activation by small molecules and a structural framework for the development of TRPV2-specific activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Pumroy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Anna D Protopopova
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Tabea C Fricke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Iris U Lange
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Ferdinand M Haug
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Phuong T Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Pamela N Gallo
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Bárbara B Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Andreas Leffler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Vera Y Moiseenkova-Bell
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States.
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35
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Zhang Y, Miao Q, Shi S, Hao H, Li X, Pu Z, Yang Y, An H, Zhang W, Kong Y, Pang X, Gu C, Gamper N, Wu Y, Zhang H, Du X. Protein disulfide isomerase modulation of TRPV1 controls heat hyperalgesia in chronic pain. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110625. [PMID: 35385753 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) plays a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by mediating protein folding via catalyzing disulfide bond formation, breakage, and rearrangement in the endoplasmic reticulum. Increasing evidence suggests that PDI can be a potential treatment target for several diseases. However, the function of PDI in the peripheral sensory nervous system is unclear. Here we report the expression and secretion of PDI from primary sensory neurons is upregulated in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Deletion of PDI in nociceptive DRG neurons results in a reduction in inflammatory and neuropathic heat hyperalgesia. We demonstrate that secreted PDI activates TRPV1 channels through oxidative modification of extracellular cysteines of the channel, indicating that PDI acts as an unconventional positive modulator of TRPV1. These findings suggest that PDI in primary sensory neurons plays an important role in development of heat hyperalgesia and can be a potential therapeutic target for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Handan, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Sai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, Hebei, China
| | - Han Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xinmeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zeyao Pu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yakun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hailong An
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery of the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Youzhen Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xu Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Cunyang Gu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Nikita Gamper
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK
| | - Yi Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Xiaona Du
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Treat A, Henri V, Liu J, Shen J, Gil-Silva M, Morales A, Rade A, Tidgewell KJ, Kolber B, Shen Y. Novel TRPV1 Modulators with Reduced Pungency Induce Analgesic Effects in Mice. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:2929-2946. [PMID: 35097287 PMCID: PMC8793056 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin, the compound in hot chili peppers responsible for their pungency and an agonist of the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 (TRPV1), has long been known to promote the desensitization of nociceptors at high concentrations. This has led to the utilization and implementation of topical capsaicin cream as an analgesic to treat acute and chronic pain. Critically, the application of capsaicin cream is limited due to capsaicin's high pungency, which is experienced prior to analgesia. To combat this issue, novel capsaicin analogues were developed to provide analgesia with reduced pungency. Analogues reported in this paper add to and show some differences from previous structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of capsaicin-like molecules against TRPV1, including the necessity of phenol in the aromatic "A-region", the secondary amide in the "B-region", and modifications in the hydrophobic "C-region". This provided a new framework for de novo small-molecule design using capsaicin as the starting point. In this study, we describe the synthesis of capsaicin analogues, their in vitro activity in Ca2+ assays, and initial in vivo pungency and feasibility studies of capsaicin analogues YB-11 and YB-16 as analgesics. Our results demonstrate that male and female mice treated with YB capsaicin analogues showed diminished pain-associated behavior in the spontaneous formalin assay as well as reduced thermal sensitivity in the hotplate assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Treat
- Department
of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Vianie Henri
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne
University, 600 Forbes
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Junke Liu
- Young
BioPharma, LLC, 110 Canal
Street, 4th Floor, Lowell, Massachusetts 01852, United States
| | - Joyce Shen
- Young
BioPharma, LLC, 110 Canal
Street, 4th Floor, Lowell, Massachusetts 01852, United States
| | - Mauricio Gil-Silva
- Department
of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Alejandro Morales
- Department
of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Avaneesh Rade
- Department
of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Kevin Joseph Tidgewell
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne
University, 600 Forbes
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Benedict Kolber
- Department
of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Young Shen
- Young
BioPharma, LLC, 110 Canal
Street, 4th Floor, Lowell, Massachusetts 01852, United States
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37
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Thermodynamic and structural basis of temperature-dependent gating in TRP channels. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2211-2219. [PMID: 34623379 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms require detecting the environmental thermal clues for survival, allowing them to avoid noxious stimuli or find prey moving in the dark. In mammals, the Transient Receptor Potential ion channels superfamily is constituted by 27 polymodal receptors whose activity is controlled by small ligands, peptide toxins, protons and voltage. The thermoTRP channels subgroup exhibits unparalleled temperature dependence -behaving as heat and cold sensors. Functional studies have dissected their biophysical features in detail, and the advances of single-particle Cryogenic Electron microscopy provided the structural framework required to propose detailed channel gating mechanisms. However, merging structural and functional evidence for temperature-driven gating of thermoTRP channels has been a hard nut to crack, remaining an open question nowadays. Here we revisit the highlights on the study of heat and cold sensing in thermoTRP channels in the light of the structural data that has emerged during recent years.
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Neuberger A, Nadezhdin KD, Sobolevsky AI. Structural mechanisms of TRPV6 inhibition by ruthenium red and econazole. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6284. [PMID: 34725357 PMCID: PMC8560856 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV6 is a calcium-selective ion channel implicated in epithelial Ca2+ uptake. TRPV6 inhibitors are needed for the treatment of a broad range of diseases associated with disturbed calcium homeostasis, including cancers. Here we combine cryo-EM, calcium imaging, and mutagenesis to explore molecular bases of human TRPV6 inhibition by the antifungal drug econazole and the universal ion channel blocker ruthenium red (RR). Econazole binds to an allosteric site at the channel's periphery, where it replaces a lipid. In contrast, RR inhibits TRPV6 by binding in the middle of the ion channel's selectivity filter and plugging its pore like a bottle cork. Despite different binding site locations, both inhibitors induce similar conformational changes in the channel resulting in closure of the gate formed by S6 helices bundle crossing. The uncovered molecular mechanisms of TRPV6 inhibition can guide the design of a new generation of clinically useful inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Neuberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kirill D Nadezhdin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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39
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Zhang K, Julius D, Cheng Y. Structural snapshots of TRPV1 reveal mechanism of polymodal functionality. Cell 2021; 184:5138-5150.e12. [PMID: 34496225 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many transient receptor potential (TRP) channels respond to diverse stimuli and conditionally conduct small and large cations. Such functional plasticity is presumably enabled by a uniquely dynamic ion selectivity filter that is regulated by physiological agents. What is currently missing is a "photo series" of intermediate structural states that directly address this hypothesis and reveal specific mechanisms behind such dynamic channel regulation. Here, we exploit cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) to visualize conformational transitions of the capsaicin receptor, TRPV1, as a model to understand how dynamic transitions of the selectivity filter in response to algogenic agents, including protons, vanilloid agonists, and peptide toxins, permit permeation by small and large organic cations. These structures also reveal mechanisms governing ligand binding substates, as well as allosteric coupling between key sites that are proximal to the selectivity filter and cytoplasmic gate. These insights suggest a general framework for understanding how TRP channels function as polymodal signal integrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Julius
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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40
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Heat-dependent opening of TRPV1 in the presence of capsaicin. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:554-563. [PMID: 34239123 PMCID: PMC8335751 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid member 1 (TRPV1) is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel that serves as the primary heat and capsaicin sensor in humans. Using cryo-EM, we have determined the structures of apo and capsaicin-bound full-length rat TRPV1 reconstituted into lipid nanodiscs over a range of temperatures. This has allowed us to visualize the noxious heat-induced opening of TRPV1 in the presence of capsaicin. Notably, noxious heat-dependent TRPV1 opening comprises stepwise conformational transitions. Global conformational changes across multiple subdomains of TRPV1 are followed by the rearrangement of the outer pore, leading to gate opening. Solvent-accessible surface area analyses and functional studies suggest that a subset of residues form an interaction network that is directly involved in heat sensing. Our study provides a glimpse of the molecular principles underlying noxious physical and chemical stimuli sensing by TRPV1, which can be extended to other thermal sensing ion channels.
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41
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Ruan Z, Haley E, Orozco IJ, Sabat M, Myers R, Roth R, Du J, Lü W. Structures of the TRPM5 channel elucidate mechanisms of activation and inhibition. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:604-613. [PMID: 34168372 PMCID: PMC8767786 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Ca2+-activated TRPM5 channel plays essential roles in taste perception and insulin secretion. However, the mechanism by which Ca2+ regulates TRPM5 activity remains elusive. We report cryo-EM structures of the zebrafish TRPM5 in an apo closed state, a Ca2+-bound open state, and an antagonist-bound inhibited state. We define two novel ligand binding sites: a Ca2+ site (CaICD) in the intracellular domain and an antagonist site in the transmembrane domain (TMD). The CaICD site is unique to TRPM5 and has two roles: modulating the voltage dependence and promoting Ca2+ binding to the CaTMD site, which is conserved throughout TRPM channels. Conformational changes initialized from both Ca2+ sites cooperatively open the ion-conducting pore. The antagonist NDNA wedges into the space between the S1-S4 domain and pore domain, stabilizing the transmembrane domain in an apo-like closed state. Our results lay the foundation for understanding the voltage-dependent TRPM channels and developing new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ruan
- Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Emery Haley
- Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Ian J. Orozco
- Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Mark Sabat
- Takeda California Inc, 9625 Towne Centre Dr, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Richard Myers
- Takeda California Inc, 9625 Towne Centre Dr, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Rebecca Roth
- Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Juan Du
- Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503,CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to J. D. () TEL: (616) 234-5358, FAX: 616-234-5170 or W. L. (). TEL: (616) 234-5022, FAX: 616-234-5170
| | - Wei Lü
- Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503,CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to J. D. () TEL: (616) 234-5358, FAX: 616-234-5170 or W. L. (). TEL: (616) 234-5022, FAX: 616-234-5170
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