1
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Liu D, Liang X, Yin X, Yang Y, Wang G, Wang M, Que W. Modulation of Photoinduced Phase Segregation and Stress-Driven Nanoscale Cracking in Hybrid Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38669566 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The negative effect of photoinduced halide segregation (PIHS) on the properties of hybrid halide perovskites poses a major obstacle for its future commercial application. Therefore, the in-depth understanding of halide-ion segregation and its causes is an urgent and intractable problem. When PIHS reaches a certain threshold, it will aggravate the deterioration of the film surface morphology and form nanoscale cracks. Herein, the formation mechanism and types of cracks are revealed by exploring the stress distribution in the film. Using the femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy, the ultrafast formation of the iodine rich phase is observed, which appears earlier than the bromine rich phase. In addition, the introduction of organic ligand didodecyldimethylammonium bromide can significantly inhibit PIHS and improve the surface morphology of the film, which can promote the device efficiency from 9.63 to 11.20%. This work provides a novel perspective for the exploration of the PIHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Advanced Energy Materials and Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xuanming Liang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, SVL and MMML, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xingtian Yin
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Advanced Energy Materials and Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Yang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Advanced Energy Materials and Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Gangfeng Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, SVL and MMML, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Mengrui Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, SVL and MMML, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiu Que
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Advanced Energy Materials and Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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2
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Zhang L, Wang S, Jiang Y, Yuan M. Stable and Efficient Mixed-halide Perovskite LEDs. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301205. [PMID: 38081803 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Tailoring bandgap by mixed-halide strategy in perovskites has attracted extraordinary attention due to the flexibility of halide ion combinations and has emerged as the most direct and effective approach to precisely tune the emission wavelength throughout the entire visible light spectrum. Mixed-halide perovskites, yet, still suffered from several problems, particularly phase segregation under external stimuli because of ions migration. Understanding the essential cause and finding sound strategies, thus, remains a challenge for stable and efficient mixed-halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). The review herein presents an overview of the diverse application scenarios and the profound significance associated with mixed-halide perovskites. We then summarize the challenges and potential research directions toward developing high stable and efficient mixed-halide PeLEDs. The review thus provides a systematic and timely summary for the community to deepen the understanding of mixed-halide perovskite materials and resulting PeLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Stor1age Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Saike Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Stor1age Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Stor1age Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Mingjian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Stor1age Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
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3
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Merten L, Eberle T, Kneschaurek E, Scheffczyk N, Zimmermann P, Zaluzhnyy I, Khadiev A, Bertram F, Paulus F, Hinderhofer A, Schreiber F. Halide Segregated Crystallization of Mixed-Halide Perovskites Revealed by In Situ GIWAXS. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:8913-8921. [PMID: 38335318 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Mixed-halide perovskites of the composition MAPb(BrxI1-x)3, which seem to exhibit a random and uniform distribution of halide ions in the absence of light, segregate into bromide- and iodide-rich phases under illumination. This phenomenon of halide segregation has been widely investigated in the photovoltaics context since it is detrimental for the material properties and ultimately the device performance of these otherwise very attractive materials. A full understanding of the mechanisms and driving forces has remained elusive. In this work, a study of the crystallization pathways and the mixing behavior during deposition of MAPb(BrxI1-x)3 thin films with varying halide ratios is presented. In situ grazing incidence wide-angle scattering (GIWAXS) reveals the distinct crystallization behavior of mixed-halide perovskite compositions during two different fabrication routes: nitrogen gas-quenching and the lead acetate route. The perovskite phase formation of mixed-halide thin films hints toward a segregation tendency since separate crystallization pathways are observed for iodide- and bromide-rich phases within the mixed compositions. Crystallization of the bromide perovskite phase (MAPbBr3) is already observed during spin coating, while the iodide-based fraction of the composition forms solvent complexes as an intermediate phase, only converting into the perovskite phase upon thermal annealing. These parallel crystallization pathways result in mixed-halide perovskites forming from initially halide-segregated phases only under the influence of heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Merten
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Timo Eberle
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Kneschaurek
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Niels Scheffczyk
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Zimmermann
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ivan Zaluzhnyy
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Azat Khadiev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Bertram
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Paulus
- Institute for Materials Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Hinderhofer
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Chen Z, Teng G, Wei SH. Origin of the Nonmonotonic Pressure Dependence of the Band Gap in the Orthorhombic Perovskite CsPbBr 3. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1652-1657. [PMID: 38315160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The perovskite CsPbBr3 exhibits an unusual nonmonotonic dependence of the band gap on increasing pressure to about 2.0 GPa as compared to conventional semiconductors. Using the first-principles calculation method, we show that under pressure, isotropic volume deformation induces considerable compression of the Pb-Br bond length and thus an enhanced interaction between atomic orbitals of the antibonding valence band maximum states and the mostly nonbonding conduction band minimum states, resulting in a monotonic decrease in the band gap. On the other hand, structural relaxation tends to reduce the strain energy by decompressing the Pb-Br bond length and simultaneously compressing the Pb-Br-Pb bond angle, which increases the band gap energy. We find that the competition between the volume deformation effect and structural relaxation effect is the origin of the nonmonotonic behavior of the dependence of the band gap on pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Chen
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Gaofeng Teng
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Su-Huai Wei
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100094, China
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5
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Mussakhanuly N, Choi E, L Chin R, Wang Y, Seidel J, Green MA, M Soufiani A, Hao X, Yun JS. Multifunctional Surface Treatment against Imperfections and Halide Segregation in Wide-Band Gap Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7961-7972. [PMID: 38290432 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Mixed-halide wide-band gap perovskites (WBPs) still suffer from losses due to imperfections within the absorber and the segregation of halide ions under external stimuli. Herein, we design a multifunctional passivator (MFP) by mixing bromide salt, formamidinium bromide (FABr) with a p-type self-assembled monolayer (SAM) to target the nonradiative recombination pathways. Photoluminescence measurement shows considerable suppression of nonradiative recombination rates after treatment with FABr. However, WBPs still remained susceptible to halide segregation for which the addition of 25% p-type SAM was effective to decelerate segregation. It is observed that FABr can act as a passivating agent of the donor impurities, shifting the Fermi-level (Ef) toward the mid-band gap, while p-type SAM could cause an overweight of Ef toward the valence band. Favorable band bending at the interface could prevent the funneling of carriers toward I-rich clusters. Instead, charge carriers funnel toward an integrated SAM, preventing the accumulation of polaron-induced strain on the lattice. Consequently, n-i-p structured devices with an optimal MFP treatment show an average open-circuit voltage (VOC) increase of about 20 mV and fill factor (FF) increase by 4% compared with the control samples. The unencapsulated devices retained 95% of their initial performance when stored at room temperature under 40% relative humidity for 2800 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursultan Mussakhanuly
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
- Dimond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxfordshire, U.K
| | - Robert L Chin
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Yihao Wang
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jan Seidel
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Martin A Green
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Arman M Soufiani
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaojing Hao
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jae S Yun
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, U.K
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6
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Feng S, Ju Y, Duan R, Man Z, Li S, Hu F, Zhang C, Tao S, Zhang W, Xiao M, Wang X. Complete Suppression of Phase Segregation in Mixed-Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals under Periodic Heating. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308032. [PMID: 37994680 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Under continuous light illumination, it is known that localized domains with segregated halide compositions form in semiconducting mixed-halide perovskites, thus severely limiting their optoelectronic applications due to the negative changes in bandgap energies and charge-carrier characteristics. Here mixed-halide perovskite CsPbBr1.2 I1.8 nanocrystals are deposited onto an indium tin oxide substrate, whose temperature can be rapidly changed by ≈10 °C in a few seconds by applying or removing an external voltage. Such a sudden temperature change induces a temporary transition of CsPbBr1.2 I1.8 nanocrystals from the segregated phase to the mixed phase, the latter of which can be permanently maintained when the light illumination is coupled with periodic heating cycles. These findings mark the emergence of a practical solution to the detrimental phase-segregation problem, given that a small temperature modulation is readily available in various fundamental studies and practical devices of mixed-halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Feng
- School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yu Ju
- School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Rentong Duan
- School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zaiqin Man
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shuyi Li
- School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Fengrui Hu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shuxia Tao
- Materials Simulation and Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Weihua Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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7
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Jang WJ, Jang HW, Kim SY. Recent Advances in Wide Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells: Focus on Lead-Free Materials for Tandem Structures. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300207. [PMID: 37203293 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A tandem solar cell, which is composed of a wide bandgap (WBG) top sub-cell and a narrow bandgap (NBG) bottom subcell, harnesses maximum photons in the wide spectral range, resulting in higher efficiency than single-junction solar cells. WBG (>1.6 eV) perovskites are currently being studied a lot based on lead mixed-halide perovskites, and the power conversion efficiency of lead mixed-halide WBG perovskite solar cells (PSCs) reaches 21.1%. Despite the excellent device performance of lead WBG PSCs, their commercialization is hampered by their Pb toxicity and low stability. Hence, lead-free, less toxic WBG perovskite absorbers are needed for constructing lead-free perovskite tandem solar cells. In this review, various strategies for achieving high-efficiency WBG lead-free PSCs are discussed, drawing inspiration from prior research on WBG lead-based PSCs. The existing issues of WBG perovskites such as VOC loss are discussed, and toxicity issues associated with lead-based perovskites are also addressed. Subsequently, the natures of lead-free WBG perovskites are reviewed, and recently emerged strategies to enhance device performance are proposed. Finally, their applications in lead-free all perovskite tandem solar cells are introduced. This review presents helpful guidelines for eco-friendly and high-efficiency lead-free all perovskite tandem solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jin Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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8
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Niu K, Wang C, Zeng J, Wang Z, Liu Y, Wang L, Li C, Jin Y. Ion Migration in Lead-Halide Perovskites: Cation Matters. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1006-1018. [PMID: 38298156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites exhibit remarkable properties for optoelectronic applications, yet their susceptibility to ion migration poses challenges for device stability. Previous research has predominantly focused on the migration of the halide ions. However, the migration of cations, which also has a significant influence on the device performance, is largely overlooked. In this Perspective, we review the migration of cations and their impacts on perovskite materials and devices. Special attention shall be devoted to recent insights into the migration of L-site organic cations in 2D/3D perovskites. We outline inspirations and directions for further research into the cation migration of perovskites, highlighting new possibilities in advancing perovskite optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiejun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
- Future Display Institute of Xiamen, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yizheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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9
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Zhou Y, van Laar SCW, Meggiolaro D, Gregori L, Martani S, Heng JY, Datta K, Jiménez-López J, Wang F, Wong EL, Poli I, Treglia A, Cortecchia D, Prato M, Kobera L, Gao F, Zhao N, Janssen RAJ, De Angelis F, Petrozza A. How Photogenerated I 2 Induces I-Rich Phase Formation in Lead Mixed Halide Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305567. [PMID: 37722700 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Bandgap tunability of lead mixed halide perovskites (LMHPs) is a crucial characteristic for versatile optoelectronic applications. Nevertheless, LMHPs show the formation of iodide-rich (I-rich) phase under illumination, which destabilizes the semiconductor bandgap and impedes their exploitation. Here, it is shown that how I2 , photogenerated upon charge carrier trapping at iodine interstitials in LMHPs, can promote the formation of I-rich phase. I2 can react with bromide (Br- ) in the perovskite to form a trihalide ion I2 Br- (Iδ- -Iδ+ -Brδ- ), whose negatively charged iodide (Iδ- ) can further exchange with another lattice Br- to form the I-rich phase. Importantly, it is observed that the effectiveness of the process is dependent on the overall stability of the crystalline perovskite structure. Therefore, the bandgap instability in LMHPs is governed by two factors, i.e., the density of native defects leading to I2 production and the Br- binding strength within the crystalline unit. Eventually, this study provides rules for the design of chemical composition in LMHPs to reach their full potential for optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Rubattino 81, Milano, 20134, Italy
| | - Simone C W van Laar
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Daniele Meggiolaro
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "'Giulio Natta"' (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 06123, Italy
| | - Luca Gregori
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "'Giulio Natta"' (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 06123, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia and INSTM, Via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 06123, Italy
| | - Samuele Martani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Rubattino 81, Milano, 20134, Italy
| | - Jia-Yong Heng
- Electronic Engineering Department, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Kunal Datta
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Jesús Jiménez-López
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Rubattino 81, Milano, 20134, Italy
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - E Laine Wong
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Rubattino 81, Milano, 20134, Italy
| | - Isabella Poli
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Rubattino 81, Milano, 20134, Italy
| | - Antonella Treglia
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Rubattino 81, Milano, 20134, Italy
| | - Daniele Cortecchia
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Rubattino 81, Milano, 20134, Italy
| | - Mirko Prato
- Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Libor Kobera
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, Prague 6, 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - Ni Zhao
- Electronic Engineering Department, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - René A J Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "'Giulio Natta"' (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 06123, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia and INSTM, Via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 06123, Italy
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST) Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Annamaria Petrozza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Rubattino 81, Milano, 20134, Italy
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10
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Alanazi M, Marshall A, Kar S, Liu Y, Kim J, Snaith HJ, Taylor RA, Farrow T. Stability of Mixed Lead Halide Perovskite Films Encapsulated in Cyclic Olefin Copolymer at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11333-11341. [PMID: 38064364 PMCID: PMC10749468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Lead Mixed Halide Perovskites (LMHPs), CsPbBrI2, have attracted significant interest as promising candidates for wide bandgap absorber layers in tandem solar cells due to their relative stability and red-light emission with a bandgap ∼1.7 eV. However, these materials segregate into Br-rich and I-rich domains upon continuous illumination, affecting their optical properties and compromising the operational stability of devices. Herein, we track the microscopic processes occurring during halide segregation by using combined spectroscopic measurements at room and cryogenic temperatures. We also evaluate a passivation strategy to mitigate the halide migration of Br/I ions in the films by overcoating with cyclic olefin copolymer (COC). Our results explain the correlation between grain size, intensity dependencies, phase segregation, activation energy barrier, and their influence on photoinduced carrier lifetimes. Importantly, COC treatment increases the lifetime charge carriers in mixed halide thin films, improving efficient charge transport in perovskite solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutibah Alanazi
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, U.K.
| | - Ashley Marshall
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, U.K.
- Helio
Display Materials Ltd., Wood Centre for
Innovation, Oxford, OX3 8SB, U.K.
| | - Shaoni Kar
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, U.K.
- Helio
Display Materials Ltd., Wood Centre for
Innovation, Oxford, OX3 8SB, U.K.
| | - Yincheng Liu
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, U.K.
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency
for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, U.K.
| | - Henry J. Snaith
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, U.K.
| | - Robert A. Taylor
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, U.K.
| | - Tristan Farrow
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, U.K.
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11
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Zhong Y, Yang J, Wang X, Liu Y, Cai Q, Tan L, Chen Y. Inhibition of Ion Migration for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302552. [PMID: 37067957 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, organic-inorganic halide perovskites are now emerging as the most attractive alternatives for next-generation photovoltaic devices, due to their excellent optoelectronic characteristics and low manufacturing cost. However, the resultant perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) are intrinsically unstable owing to ion migration, which severely impedes performance enhancement, even with device encapsulation. There is no doubt that the investigation of ion migration and the summarization of recent advances in inhibition strategies are necessary to develop "state-of-the-art" PVSCs with high intrinsic stability for accelerated commercialization. This review systematically elaborates on the generation and fundamental mechanisms of ion migration in PVSCs, the impact of ion migration on hysteresis, phase segregation, and operational stability, and the characterizations for ion migration in PVSCs. Then, many related works on the strategies for inhibiting ion migration toward highly efficient and stable PVSCs are summarized. Finally, the perspectives on the current obstacles and prospective strategies for inhibition of ion migration in PVSCs to boost operational stability and meet all of the requirements for commercialization success are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jia Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yikun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Qianqian Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Licheng Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China
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12
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Ruth A, Kuno M. Modeling the Photoelectrochemical Evolution of Lead-Based, Mixed-Halide Perovskites Due to Photosegregation. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20502-20511. [PMID: 37815981 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead-based, mixed-halide perovskites such as methylammonium lead iodide-bromide [MAPb(I1-xBrx)3] undergo anion photosegregation under illumination. This is observed as low-band-gap photoluminescence from photogenerated iodine-rich domains due to favorable band offsets that induce carrier funneling into them. Unfortunately, theoretical rationalizations of mixed-halide photosegregation are complicated by biases inherent in photoluminescence-based observations. Recent compositionally weighted X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements now reveal broad distributions of photosegregated stoichiometries not captured by existing photosegregation models. To better bridge experiment and theory, we perform kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations of photosegregation within the context of a band-gap-based thermodynamic model, which has previously accounted for numerous experimental observations. Our KMC simulations are modified to consider high carrier density Fermi-Dirac statistics that result from carrier funneling and accumulation within photosegregated I-rich domains. Obtained KMC results reproduce broad terminal halide (xterminal) distributions seen experimentally and illustrate how they are characterized by a central, heavily I-enriched stoichiometry. I-rich domain "drifting" during photosegregation rationalizes the long photosegregation time scales seen experimentally with drifting simultaneously, producing a wake of variable stoichiometry I-rich inclusions that form the lion's share of stoichiometric heterogeneities seen in compositionally weighted XRD measurements. These simulations and accompanying rationalizations further reveal a general criterion for realizing favorable free energies to induce demixing. Central to the criterion is the statistical occupation of low gap inclusions in the parent alloy by excitations. The resulting model thus provides a general framework for conceptualizing mixed-halide perovskite light and temperature sensitivities mediated by photocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ruth
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Masaru Kuno
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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13
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Bala A, Kumar V. Enhanced stability of triple-halide perovskites CsPbI 3-x-yBr xCl y ( x and y = 0-0.024): understanding the role of Cl doping from ab initio calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22989-23000. [PMID: 37594447 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02476h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Doping of chloride in mixed iodide-bromide perovskites has been shown experimentally to suppress the photo-induced halide-ion segregation and enhance the stability of triple-halide perovskites (THP). However, a fundamental understanding of the effects of Cl doping is yet to be achieved especially when the doping concentration is low. Here we report the results of a state-of-the-art ab initio study of the atomic structure of THP by considering small doping concentrations of Br and Cl in CsPbI3. We find a reduction in the Pb-I bond lengths and tilting of PbI6 octahedra with Cl doping which lead to exothermic heat of mixing and therefore higher stability of THP. Moreover, using quasi-chemical approximation, our results show that there is a very small contribution of configurational entropy to Gibbs free energy at such low doping concentrations and at the operational temperature of 50 °C. This suggests that the favorable heat of mixing value is more important for the stability at low doping concentrations of Cl while a higher concentration of Cl increases the risk of halide segregation. Further calculations on Frenkel defect formation energy of I or Br-interstitial shows that the doping of Cl in I/Br mixed binary-compounds hinders the formation of Frenkel defects. These results support experiments and help to understand the role of chloride in suppressing the halide ion mobility with only a slight increase in the band gap. Accordingly, the THPs manifest a promising pathway for developing single-phase perovskites for solar cells and light-emitting diodes with improved performance and enhanced stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Bala
- Center for Informatics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Center for Informatics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Dr. Vijay Kumar Foundation, 1969, Sector 4, Gurgaon 122001, Haryana, India
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14
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Metcalf I, Sidhik S, Zhang H, Agrawal A, Persaud J, Hou J, Even J, Mohite AD. Synergy of 3D and 2D Perovskites for Durable, Efficient Solar Cells and Beyond. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9565-9652. [PMID: 37428563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites have emerged in the past few years as a promising material for low-cost, high-efficiency optoelectronic devices. Spurred by this recent interest, several subclasses of halide perovskites such as two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have begun to play a significant role in advancing the fundamental understanding of the structural, chemical, and physical properties of halide perovskites, which are technologically relevant. While the chemistry of these 2D materials is similar to that of the 3D halide perovskites, their layered structure with a hybrid organic-inorganic interface induces new emergent properties that can significantly or sometimes subtly be important. Synergistic properties can be realized in systems that combine different materials exhibiting different dimensionalities by exploiting their intrinsic compatibility. In many cases, the weaknesses of each material can be alleviated in heteroarchitectures. For example, 3D-2D halide perovskites can demonstrate novel behavior that neither material would be capable of separately. This review describes how the structural differences between 3D halide perovskites and 2D halide perovskites give rise to their disparate materials properties, discusses strategies for realizing mixed-dimensional systems of various architectures through solution-processing techniques, and presents a comprehensive outlook for the use of 3D-2D systems in solar cells. Finally, we investigate applications of 3D-2D systems beyond photovoltaics and offer our perspective on mixed-dimensional perovskite systems as semiconductor materials with unrivaled tunability, efficiency, and technologically relevant durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Metcalf
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Siraj Sidhik
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ayush Agrawal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jessica Persaud
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jin Hou
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jacky Even
- Université de Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, 35708 Rennes, France
| | - Aditya D Mohite
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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15
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Sun K, Guo R, Liang Y, Heger JE, Liu S, Yin S, Reus MA, Spanier LV, Deschler F, Bernstorff S, Müller-Buschbaum P. Morphological Insights into the Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells under Light and Humidity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37326620 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved competitive power conversion efficiencies compared with established solar cell technologies. However, their operational stability under different external stimuli is limited, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In particular, an understanding of degradation mechanisms from a morphology perspective during device operation is missing. Herein, we investigate the operational stability of PSCs with CsI bulk modification and a CsI-modified buried interface under AM 1.5G illumination and 75 ± 5% relative humidity, respectively, and concomitantly probe the morphology evolution with grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering. We find that volume expansion within perovskite grains, induced by water incorporation, initiates the degradation of PSCs under light and humidity and leads to the degradation of device performance, in particular, the fill factor and short-circuit current. However, PSCs with modified buried interface degrade faster, which is ascribed to grain fragmentation and increased grain boundaries. In addition, we reveal a slight lattice expansion and PL redshifts in both PSCs after exposure to light and humidity. Our detailed insights from a buried microstructure perspective on the degradation mechanisms under light and humidity are essential for extending the operational stability of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Sun
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Renjun Guo
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yuxin Liang
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Julian E Heger
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Shangpu Liu
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shanshan Yin
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Manuel A Reus
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lukas V Spanier
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Felix Deschler
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Bernstorff
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Zentrum, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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16
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Fu J, Ramesh S, Melvin Lim JW, Sum TC. Carriers, Quasi-particles, and Collective Excitations in Halide Perovskites. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37276018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites (HPs) are potential game-changing materials for a broad spectrum of optoelectronic applications ranging from photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, lasers to radiation detectors, ferroelectrics, thermoelectrics, etc. Underpinning this spectacular expansion is their fascinating photophysics involving a complex interplay of carrier, lattice, and quasi-particle interactions spanning several temporal orders that give rise to their remarkable optical and electronic properties. Herein, we critically examine and distill their dynamical behavior, collective interactions, and underlying mechanisms in conjunction with the experimental approaches. This review aims to provide a unified photophysical picture fundamental to understanding the outstanding light-harvesting and light-emitting properties of HPs. The hotbed of carrier and quasi-particle interactions uncovered in HPs underscores the critical role of ultrafast spectroscopy and fundamental photophysics studies in advancing perovskite optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Fu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Sankaran Ramesh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Melvin Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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17
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Xu Z, Astridge DD, Kerner RA, Zhong X, Hu J, Hong J, Wisch JA, Zhu K, Berry JJ, Kahn A, Sellinger A, Rand BP. Origins of Photoluminescence Instabilities at Halide Perovskite/Organic Hole Transport Layer Interfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11846-11858. [PMID: 37202123 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are promising for optoelectronic device applications; however, their poor stability under solar illumination remains a primary concern. While the intrinsic photostability of isolated neat perovskite samples has been widely discussed, it is important to explore how charge transport layers─employed in most devices─impact photostability. Herein, we study the effect of organic hole transport layers (HTLs) on light-induced halide segregation and photoluminescence (PL) quenching at perovskite/organic HTL interfaces. By employing a series of organic HTLs, we demonstrate that the HTL's highest occupied molecular orbital energy dictates behavior; furthermore, we reveal the key role of halogen loss from the perovskite and subsequent permeation into organic HTLs, where it acts as a PL quencher at the interface and introduces additional mass transport pathways to facilitate halide phase separation. In doing so, we both reveal the microscopic mechanism of non-radiative recombination at perovskite/organic HTL interfaces and detail the chemical rationale for closely matching the perovskite/organic HTL energetics to maximize solar cell efficiency and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojian Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Daniel D Astridge
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ross A Kerner
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Xinjue Zhong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Junnan Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jisu Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jesse A Wisch
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Kai Zhu
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Joseph J Berry
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Antoine Kahn
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Alan Sellinger
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Barry P Rand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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18
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Wright AD, Patel JB, Johnston MB, Herz LM. Temperature-Dependent Reversal of Phase Segregation in Mixed-Halide Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210834. [PMID: 36821796 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of light-induced halide segregation in mixed-halide perovskites is essential for their application in multijunction solar cells. Here, photoluminescence spectroscopy is used to uncover how both increases in temperature and light intensity can counteract the halide segregation process. It is observed that, with increasing temperature, halide segregation in CH3 NH3 Pb(Br0.4 I0.6 )3 first accelerates toward ≈290 K, before slowing down again toward higher temperatures. Such reversal is attributed to the trade-off between the temperature activation of segregation, for example through enhanced ionic migration, and its inhibition by entropic factors. High light intensities meanwhile can also reverse halide segregation; however, this is found to be only a transient process that abates on the time scale of minutes. Overall, these observations pave the way for a more complete model of halide segregation and aid the development of highly efficient and stable perovskite multijunction and concentrator photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Wright
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Jay B Patel
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Michael B Johnston
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Laura M Herz
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstraße 2a, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
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19
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Chen Z, Xue H, Brocks G, Bobbert PA, Tao S. Thermodynamic Origin of the Photostability of the Two-Dimensional Perovskite PEA 2Pb(I 1-x Br x ) 4. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:943-949. [PMID: 36816777 PMCID: PMC9926482 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c02463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The two-dimensional (2D) mixed halide perovskite PEA2Pb(I1-x Br x )4 exhibits high phase stability under illumination as compared to the three-dimensional (3D) counterpart MAPb(I1-x Br x )3. We explain this difference using a thermodynamic theory that considers the sum of a compositional and a photocarrier free energy. Ab initio calculations show that the improved compositional phase stability of the 2D perovskite is caused by a preferred I-Br distribution, leading to a much lower critical temperature for halide segregation in the dark than for the 3D perovskite. Moreover, a smaller increase of the band gap with Br concentration x and a markedly shorter photocarrier lifetime in the 2D perovskite reduce the driving force for phase segregation under illumination, enhancing the photostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Chen
- Materials
Simulation and Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands
- Center
for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Haibo Xue
- Materials
Simulation and Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands
- Center
for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Brocks
- Materials
Simulation and Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands
- Center
for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands
- Computational
Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute
for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AEEnschede, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A. Bobbert
- Center
for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Shuxia Tao
- Materials
Simulation and Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands
- Center
for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands
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20
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Ighodalo KO, Chen W, Liang Z, Shi Y, Chu S, Zhang Y, Khan R, Zhou H, Pan X, Ye J, Xiao Z. Negligible Ion Migration in Tin-Based and Tin-Doped Perovskites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213932. [PMID: 36353929 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ion migration is a notorious phenomenon observed in ionic perovskite materials. It causes several severe issues in perovskite optoelectronic devices such as instability, current hysteresis, and phase segregation. Here, we report that, in contrast to lead halide perovskites (LHPs), no ion migration or phase segregation was observed in tin halide perovskites (THPs) under illumination or an electric field. The origin is attributed to a much stronger Sn-halide bond and higher ion migration activation energy (Ea ) in THPs, which remain nearly constant under illumination. We further figured out the threshold Ea for the absence of ion migration to be around 0.65 eV using the CsSny Pb1-y (I0.6 Br0.4 )3 system whose Ea varies with Sn ratios. Our work shows that ion migration does not necessarily exist in all perovskites and suggests metallic doping to be a promising way of stopping ion migration and improving the intrinsic stability of perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kester O Ighodalo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid-State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yongliang Shi
- Center for Spintronics and Quantum Systems, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Shenglong Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Rashid Khan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hongmin Zhou
- Instruments Center for Physical Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid-State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jiajiu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid-State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Zhengguo Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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21
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Liu Y, Banon JP, Frohna K, Chiang YH, Tumen-Ulzii G, Stranks SD, Filoche M, Friend RH. The Electronic Disorder Landscape of Mixed Halide Perovskites. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:250-258. [PMID: 36660372 PMCID: PMC9841609 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c02352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Band gap tunability of lead mixed halide perovskites makes them promising candidates for various applications in optoelectronics. Here we use the localization landscape theory to reveal that the static disorder due to iodide:bromide compositional alloying contributes at most 3 meV to the Urbach energy. Our modeling reveals that the reason for this small contribution is due to the small effective masses in perovskites, resulting in a natural length scale of around 20 nm for the "effective confining potential" for electrons and holes, with short-range potential fluctuations smoothed out. The increase in Urbach energy across the compositional range agrees well with our optical absorption measurements. We model systems of sizes up to 80 nm in three dimensions, allowing us to accurately reproduce the experimentally observed absorption spectra of perovskites with halide segregation. Our results suggest that we should look beyond static contribution and focus on the dynamic temperature dependent contribution to the Urbach energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Philippe Banon
- Laboratoire
de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique
de Paris, 91120Palaiseau, France
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ganbaatar Tumen-Ulzii
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Filoche
- Laboratoire
de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique
de Paris, 91120Palaiseau, France
- Institut
Langevin, ESPCI Paris, Université
PSL, CNRS, 75005Paris, France
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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22
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Gutsev LG, Nations S, Ramachandran BR, Gutsev GL, Wang S, Aldoshin S, Duan Y. Redox Chemistry of the Subphases of α-CsPbI 2Br and β-CsPbI 2Br: Theory Reveals New Potential for Photostability. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:276. [PMID: 36678028 PMCID: PMC9862745 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The logic in the design of a halide-mixed APb(I1−xBrx)3 perovskite is quite straightforward: to combine the superior photovoltaic qualities of iodine-based perovskites with the increased stability of bromine-based perovskites. However, even small amounts of Br doped into the iodine-based materials leads to some instability. In the present report, using first-principles computations, we analyzed a wide variety of α-CsPbI2Br and β-CsPbI2Br phases, compared their mixing enthalpies, explored their oxidative properties, and calculated their hole-coupled and hole-free charged Frenkel defect (CFD) formations by considering all possible channels of oxidation. Nanoinclusions of bromine-rich phases in α-CsPbI2Br were shown to destabilize the material by inducing lattice strain, making it more susceptible to oxidation. The uniformly mixed phase of α-CsPbI2Br was shown to be highly susceptible towards a phase transformation into β-CsPbI2Br when halide interstitial or halide vacancy defects were introduced into the lattice. The rotation of PbI4Br2 octahedra in α-CsPbI2Br allows it either to transform into a highly unstable apical β-CsPbI2Br, which may phase-segregate and is susceptible to CFD, or to phase-transform into equatorial β-CsPbI2Br, which is resilient against the deleterious effects of hole oxidation (energies of oxidation >0 eV) and demixing (energy of mixing <0 eV). Thus, the selective preparation of equatorial β-CsPbI2Br offers an opportunity to obtain a mixed perovskite material with enhanced photostability and an intermediate bandgap between its constituent perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavrenty Gennady Gutsev
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry of RAS, Semenov Prospect 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Sean Nations
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
| | | | | | - Shengnian Wang
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
| | - Sergei Aldoshin
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry of RAS, Semenov Prospect 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Yuhua Duan
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
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23
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Gushchina I, Trepalin V, Zaitsev E, Ruth A, Kuno M. Excitation Intensity- and Size-Dependent Halide Photosegregation in CsPb(I 0.5Br 0.5) 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2022; 16:21636-21644. [PMID: 36468911 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although broad consensus exists that photoirradiation of mixed-halide lead perovskites leads to anion segregation, no model today fully rationalizes all aspects of this near ubiquitous phenomenon. Here, we quantitatively compare experimental, CsPb(I0.5Br0.5)3 nanocrystal (NC) terminal anion photosegregation stoichiometries and excitation intensity thresholds to a band gap-based, thermodynamic model of mixed-halide perovskite photosegregation. Mixed-halide NCs offer strict tests of theory given physical sizes, which dictate local photogenerated carrier densities. We observe that mixed-anion perovskite NCs exhibit significant robustness to photosegregation, with photosegregation propensity decreasing with decreasing NC size. Observed size- and excitation intensity-dependent photosegregation data agree with model predicted size- and excitation intensity-dependent terminal halide stoichiometries. Established correspondence between experiment and theory, in turn, suggests that mixed-halide perovskite photostabilities can be predicted a priori using local gradients of (empirical) Vegard's law expressions of composition-dependent band gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Gushchina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana46556, United States
| | - Vadim Trepalin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana46556, United States
| | - Evgenii Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana46556, United States
| | - Anthony Ruth
- CubicPV, 1807 Ross Avenue, STE 333, Dallas, Texas75201, United States
| | - Masaru Kuno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana46556, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana46556, United States
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24
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Mazurin M, Shelestova A, Tsvetkov D, Sereda V, Ivanov I, Malyshkin D, Zuev A. Thermochemical Study of CH 3NH 3Pb(Cl 1-xBr x) 3 Solid Solutions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7675. [PMID: 36363267 PMCID: PMC9657867 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite halides, and, in particular, their mixed halide solid solutions, belong to a broad class of materials which appear promising for a wide range of potential applications in various optoelectronic devices. However, these materials are notorious for their stability issues, including their sensitivity to atmospheric oxygen and moisture as well as phase separation under illumination. The thermodynamic properties, such as enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of mixing, of perovskite halide solid solutions are strongly required to shed some light on their stability. Herein, we report the results of an experimental thermochemical study of the CH3NH3Pb(Cl1-xBrx)3 mixed halides by solution calorimetry. Combining these results with molecular dynamics simulation revealed the complex and irregular shape of the compositional dependence of the mixing enthalpy to be the result of a complex interplay between the local lattice strain, hydrogen bonds, and energetics of these solid solutions.
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25
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Kong L, Zhang X, Zhang C, Wang L, Wang S, Cao F, Zhao D, Rogach AL, Yang X. Stability of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes: Existing Issues and Mitigation Strategies Related to Both Material and Device Aspects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2205217. [PMID: 35921550 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites combine excellent electronic and optical properties, such as defect tolerance and high photoluminescence efficiency, with the benefits of low-cost, large-area, solution-based processing. Composition- and dimension-tunable properties of perovskites have already been utilized in bright and efficient light-emitting diodes (LEDs). At the same time, there are still great challenges ahead to achieving operational and spectral stability of these devices. In this review, the origins of instability of perovskite materials, and reasons for their degradation in LEDs are considered. Then, strategies for improving the stability of perovskite materials are reviewed, such as compositional engineering, dimensionality control, defect passivation, suitable encapsulation matrices, and fabrication of core/shell perovskite nanocrystals. For improvement of the operational stability of perovskite LEDs, the use of inorganic charge-transport layers, optimization of charge balance, and proper thermal management are considered. The review is concluded with a detailed account of the current challenges and a perspective on the key approaches and opportunities on how to reach the goal of stable, bright, and efficient perovskite LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chengxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Fan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices (MoE), Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Andrey L Rogach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xuyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
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26
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Chen Y, Motti SG, Oliver RDJ, Wright AD, Snaith HJ, Johnston MB, Herz LM, Filip MR. Optoelectronic Properties of Mixed Iodide-Bromide Perovskites from First-Principles Computational Modeling and Experiment. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4184-4192. [PMID: 35511476 PMCID: PMC9109221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Halogen mixing in lead-halide perovskites is an effective route for tuning the band gap in light emission and multijunction solar cell applications. Here we report the effect of halogen mixing on the optoelectronic properties of lead-halide perovskites from theory and experiment. We applied the virtual crystal approximation within density functional theory, the GW approximation, and the Bethe-Salpeter equation to calculate structural, vibrational, and optoelectronic properties for a series of mixed halide perovskites. We separately perform spectroscopic measurements of these properties and analyze the impact of halogen mixing on quasiparticle band gaps, effective masses, absorption coefficients, charge-carrier mobilities, and exciton binding energies. Our joint theoretical-experimental study demonstrates that iodide-bromide mixed-halide perovskites can be modeled as homovalent alloys, and local structural distortions do not play a significant role for the properties of these mixed species. Our study outlines a general theoretical-experimental framework for future investigations of novel chemically mixed systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Chen
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, OX1 3PU Oxford, U.K.
| | - Silvia G. Motti
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, OX1 3PU Oxford, U.K.
| | - Robert D. J. Oliver
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, OX1 3PU Oxford, U.K.
| | - Adam D. Wright
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, OX1 3PU Oxford, U.K.
| | - Henry J. Snaith
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, OX1 3PU Oxford, U.K.
| | - Michael B. Johnston
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, OX1 3PU Oxford, U.K.
| | - Laura M. Herz
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, OX1 3PU Oxford, U.K.
- Institute
for Advanced Study, Technical University
of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse
2a, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marina R. Filip
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, OX1 3PU Oxford, U.K.
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27
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Schmitz F, Neisius R, Horn J, Sann J, Schlettwein D, Gerhard M, Gatti T. Tuning the optical properties of 2D monolayer silver-bismuth bromide double perovskite by halide substitution. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:215706. [PMID: 35158342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac54df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver-bismuth double perovskites are promising replacement materials for lead-based ones in photovoltaic (PV) devices due to the lower toxicity and enhanced stability to environmental factors. In addition, they might even be more suitable for indoor PV, due to the size of their bandgap better matching white LEDs emission. Unfortunately, their optoelectronic performance does not reach that of the lead-based counterparts, because of the indirect nature of the band gap and the high exciton binding energy. One strategy to improve the electronic properties is the dimensional reduction from the 3D to the 2D perovskite structure, which features a direct band gap, as it has been reported for 2D monolayer derivates of Cs2AgBiBr6obtained by substituting Cs+cations with bulky alkylammonium cations. However, a similar dimensional reduction also brings to a band gap opening, limiting light absorption in the visible. In this work, we report on the achievement of a bathochromic shift in the absorption features of a butylammonium-based silver-bismuth bromide monolayer double perovskite through doping with iodide and study the optical properties and stability of the resulting thin films in environmental conditions. These species might constitute the starting point to design future sustainable materials to implement as active components in indoor photovoltaic devices used to power the IoT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schmitz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Raphael Neisius
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonas Horn
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich Buff Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Sann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Derck Schlettwein
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich Buff Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marina Gerhard
- Faculty of Physics and Materials Science Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 7a, Marburg D-35032, Germany
| | - Teresa Gatti
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Centre of Excellence ENSEMBLE 3 sp. z o.o., Wolczynska 133, Warsaw, 01-919, Poland
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28
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Abstract
Photoinduced halide segregation in mixed halide perovskites is an intriguing phenomenon and simultaneously a stability issue. In-depth probing this effect and unveiling the underpinning mechanisms are of great interest and significance. This article reviews the progress in visualized investigation of halide segregation, especially light-induced, by means of spatially-resolved imaging techniques. Furthermore, the current understanding of photoinduced phase separation based on several possible mechanisms is summarized and discussed. Finally, the remained open questions and future outlook in this field are outlined.
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29
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Wang S, Wang A, Hao F. Toward stable lead halide perovskite solar cells: A knob on the A/X sites components. iScience 2022; 25:103599. [PMID: 35005546 PMCID: PMC8717592 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid lead halide ABX3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a strong competitor to the traditional solar cells with a certified power conversion efficiency beyond 25% and other remarkable features such as light weight, solution processability, and low manufacturing cost. Further development on the efficiency and stability brings forth increasing attention in the component regulation, such as partial or entire substitution of A/B/X sites by alternative elements with similar size. However, the relationships between composition, property, and performance are poorly understood. Here, the instability of PSCs from the photon-, moisture-, thermal-, and mechanical-induced degradation was first summarized and discussed. In addition, the component regulation from the A/X sites is highlighted from the aspects of band level alignment, charge-carrier dynamics, ion migration, crystallization behavior, residual strain, stoichiometry, and dimensionality control. Finally, the perspectives and future outlooks are highlighted to guide the rational design and practical application of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Aili Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Feng Hao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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30
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Leng J, Wang T, Tan ZK, Lee YJ, Chang CC, Tamada K. Tuning the Emission Wavelength of Lead Halide Perovskite NCs via Size and Shape Control. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:565-577. [PMID: 35036724 PMCID: PMC8756606 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The advent of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), which are easily synthesized, ultralow-cost materials and have an impeccable luminous efficiency, has drastically changed the future perspective of semiconductor quantum dot devices. Although the band gap energy of lead perovskite NCs can be tuned by the halide composition, the instability problem prevails for mixed-halide perovskite NCs, caused by phase segregation due to ion migration when an external electric field or light is applied. To avoid this problem and obtain the stable emission of RGB primary colors, in this study, two synthesis pathways of pure-halide perovskite NCs are proposed. One approach is the modified hot injection method with "centrifugation of a frozen eutectic mixture" to separate small NCs efficiently, and the other is the "low-temperature mixing and heat-up method" for target materials including CsPbI3, CsPbBr3, and CH(NH2)2PbBr3 (FAPbBr3). The emission wavelength of FAPbBr3 is tuned ion-stoichiometrically, unlike Cs perovskites. These various synthesis pathways of pure-halide perovskite NCs enable the efficient production of high-quality perovskite NCs and allow precise tuning of the emission color to the desired wavelength. Although there are still several "gaps" remaining in the available emission wavelength, the new methodology proposed in this study could potentially be employed for manufacturing more stable perovskite NC-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfu Leng
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishiku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tian Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore
(NUS), 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Kuang Tan
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore
(NUS), 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ya-Ju Lee
- Institute
of Electro-Optical Engineering, National
Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Chang
- Institute
of Electro-Optical Engineering, National
Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Kaoru Tamada
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishiku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Advanced
Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1
Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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31
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Choe H, Jeon D, Lee SJ, Cho J. Mixed or Segregated: Toward Efficient and Stable Mixed Halide Perovskite-Based Devices. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:24304-24315. [PMID: 34604614 PMCID: PMC8482395 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Convenient modulation of bandgap for the mixed halide perovskites (MHPs) (e.g., CsPbBr x I1-x ) through varying the halide composition (i.e., the ratio of bromide to iodide) allows for optimizing the light-harvesting properties in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and emission color in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Such MHPs, yet, severely suffered from the instability under light irradiation and electrical bias as a result of an intrinsic soft, ionic lattice and a high halide ion mobility. Understanding the halide ion migration (mediated through halide vacancies) and suppressing the halide ion segregation, thus, remain a significant challenge both in the field of PSCs and PeLEDs since it is directly linked to the long-term stability and performances of the corresponding devices. In this Mini-Review, we discuss the intrinsic instability of the MHPs arising from the ionic nature of perovskites. The liquid crystalline properties with the low formation energy of halide ion defects facilitate the defect-mediated halide ion migration. Several different mechanistic models are provided to explain the fundamental origin of the photo- or electric field-driven halide ion segregation based upon thermodynamics and kinetics. These reflect that lattice strains (internal or polaron-induced) and bandgap energy differences between parent mixed halide and iodide-rich domain serve as the thermodynamic driving forces for halide segregation. On the basis of the deeper understanding of the underpinning segregation mechanism mediated through hole trapping and accumulation at the iodide-rich sites, we further discuss the strategies to mitigate the detrimental halide segregation through composition-, defect-, dimension-, and interface-engineering. Finally, we provide a fundamental insight into designing perovskite-based photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices for the long-term operational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Choe
- Department
of Chemistry, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, South Korea
| | - Dohyun Jeon
- Advanced
Materials Division, Korea Research Institute
of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Seon Joo Lee
- Advanced
Materials Division, Korea Research Institute
of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Junsang Cho
- Department
of Chemistry, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, South Korea
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32
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Datta K, van Gorkom BT, Chen Z, Dyson MJ, van der Pol TPA, Meskers SCJ, Tao S, Bobbert PA, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ. Effect of Light-Induced Halide Segregation on the Performance of Mixed-Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2021; 4:6650-6658. [PMID: 34337343 PMCID: PMC8317152 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced halide segregation hampers obtaining stable wide-band-gap solar cells based on mixed iodide-bromide perovskites. So far, the effect of prolonged illumination on the performance of mixed-halide perovskite solar cells has not been studied in detail. It is often assumed that halide segregation leads to a loss of open-circuit voltage. By simultaneously recording changes in photoluminescence and solar cell performance under prolonged illumination, we demonstrate that cells instead deteriorate by a loss of short-circuit current density and that the open-circuit voltage is less affected. The concurrent red shift, increased lifetime, and higher quantum yield of photoluminescence point to the formation of relatively emissive iodide-rich domains under illumination. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations provide an atomistic insight into their formation via exchange of bromide and iodide, mediated by halide vacancies. Localization of photogenerated charge carriers in low-energy iodide-rich domains and subsequent recombination cause reduced photocurrent and red-shifted photoluminescence. The loss in photovoltaic performance is diminished by partially replacing organic cations by cesium ions. Ultrasensitive photocurrent spectroscopy shows that cesium ions result in a lower density of sub-band-gap defects and suppress defect growth under illumination. These defects are expected to play a role in the development and recovery of light-induced compositional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Datta
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bas T. van Gorkom
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Zehua Chen
- Materials
Simulation and Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Center
for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew J. Dyson
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tom P. A. van der Pol
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan C. J. Meskers
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Shuxia Tao
- Materials
Simulation and Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Center
for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A. Bobbert
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Center
for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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33
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Yen MC, Lee CJ, Liu KH, Peng Y, Leng J, Chang TH, Chang CC, Tamada K, Lee YJ. All-inorganic perovskite quantum dot light-emitting memories. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4460. [PMID: 34294699 PMCID: PMC8298456 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24762-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Field-induced ionic motions in all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) strongly dictate not only their electro-optical characteristics but also the ultimate optoelectronic device performance. Here, we show that the functionality of a single Ag/CsPbBr3/ITO device can be actively switched on a sub-millisecond scale from a resistive random-access memory (RRAM) to a light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC), or vice versa, by simply modulating its bias polarity. We then realize for the first time a fast, all-perovskite light-emitting memory (LEM) operating at 5 kHz by pairing such two identical devices in series, in which one functions as an RRAM to electrically read the encoded data while the other simultaneously as an LEC for a parallel, non-contact optical reading. We further show that the digital status of the LEM can be perceived in real time from its emission color. Our work opens up a completely new horizon for more advanced all-inorganic perovskite optoelectronic technologies. Electric field induced ion migration is a well-known phenomenon in perovskite, but the consequences are notorious, and thus needs to be prevented. Here, on the other hand, the authors cleverly manipulate this event for realising resistive random-access memory and light-emitting electrochemical cell in one device based on CsPbBr3 quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Cheng Yen
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hsiang Liu
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi Peng
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Junfu Leng
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Chang
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kaoru Tamada
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. .,Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Ya-Ju Lee
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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