1
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Rahman A, Mondal S, Modak M, Singh A, Thayat NS, Singh H, Clegg JK, Poswal HK, Haridas V, Thomas SP. Large Local Internal Stress in an Elastically Bent Molecular Crystal Revealed by Raman Shifts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402120. [PMID: 39045899 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The structural dynamics involved in the mechanical flexibility of molecular crystals and the internal stress in such flexible materials remain obscure. Here, the study reports an elastically bending lipidated molecular crystal that shows systematic shifts in characteristic vibrational frequencies across the bent crystal region - revealing the nature of structural changes during bending and the local internal stress distribution. The blueshifts in the bond stretching modes (such as C═O and C-H modes) in the inner arc region and redshifts in the outer arc region of the bent crystals observed via micro-Raman mapping are counterintuitive to the bending models based on intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Correlating these shifts with the trends observed from high-pressure Raman studies on the crystal reveals the local stress difference between the inner arc and outer arc regions of the bent crystal to be ≈2 GPa, more than an order of magnitude higher than the previously proposed value in elastically bending crystals. High local internal stress can have direct ramifications on the properties of molecular piezoelectric energy harvesters, actuators, semiconductors, and flexible optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Srijan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Mantu Modak
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Ashi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Navdeep S Thayat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Hanuman Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Jack K Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Himanshu K Poswal
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - V Haridas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, 678623, India
| | - Sajesh P Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
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2
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Zhen J, Huang Q, Shen K, Dong H, Zhang S, Lv K, Yang P, Zhang Y, Guo S, Qiu J, Liu G. Irreversible coherent matching bonding of van der Waals heterostructure lattice by pressure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2403726121. [PMID: 38805293 PMCID: PMC11161798 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2403726121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The key of heterostructure is the combinations created by stacking various vdW materials, which can modify interlayer coupling and electronic properties, providing exciting opportunities for designer devices. However, this simple stacking does not create chemical bonds, making it difficult to fundamentally alter the electronic structure. Here, we demonstrate that interlayer interactions in heterostructures can be fundamentally controlled using hydrostatic pressure, providing a bonding method to modify electronic structures. By covering graphene with boron nitride and inducing an irreversible phase transition, the conditions for graphene lattice-matching bonding (IMB) were created. We demonstrate that the increased bandgap of graphene under pressure is well maintained in ambient due to the IMB in the interface. Comparison to theoretical modeling emphasizes the process of pressure-induced interfacial bonding, systematically generalizes, and predicts this model. Our results demonstrate that pressure can irreversibly control interlayer bonding, providing opportunities for high-pressure technology in ambient applications and IMB engineering in heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Zhen
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiushi Huang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing100093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Shen
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Dong
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai201203, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kehong Lv
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Yang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
| | - Silin Guo
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Qiu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Liu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Wang Z, Han W, Shi R, Han X, Zheng Y, Xu J, Bu XH. Mechanoresponsive Flexible Crystals. JACS AU 2024; 4:279-300. [PMID: 38425899 PMCID: PMC10900217 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Flexible crystals have gained significant attention owing to their remarkable pliability, plasticity, and adaptability, making them highly popular in various research and application fields. The main challenges in developing flexible crystals lie in the rational design, preparation, and performance optimization of such crystals. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental origins of crystal flexibility is crucial for establishing evaluation criteria and design principles. This Perspective offers a retrospective analysis of the development of flexible crystals over the past two decades. It summarizes the elastic standards and possible plastic bending mechanisms tailored to diverse flexible crystals and analyzes the assessment of their theoretical basis and applicability. Meanwhile, the compatibility between crystal elasticity and plasticity has been discussed, unveiling the immense prospects of elastic/plastic crystals for applications in biomedicine, flexible electronic devices, and flexible optics. Furthermore, this Perspective presents state-of-the-art experimental avenues and analysis methods for investigating molecular interactions in molecular crystals, which is vital for the future exploration of the mechanisms of crystal flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Han
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Rongchao Shi
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yongshen Zheng
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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4
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Borah SS, Khan M, Gogoi P, Kalita N, Thakuria R, Nath NK. Revisiting Dimorphs of 4-n-octyloxybenzoic Acid: Contrasting Mechanical Property and Surface Wettability. Chem Asian J 2024:e202301090. [PMID: 38327100 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
4-n-octyloxy benzoic acid is known to exhibit liquid crystalline properties, and under normal pressure and temperature conditions, it exists as at least two crystalline polymorphs. We revisited the system and discovered that single crystals of one of the polymorphs display plastic deformation, whereas the other is brittle. n-octyl chains are arranged in an end-to-end fashion, forming slip planes in the plastically deformable polymorph, whereas they are interdigitated in the crystal structure of the brittle polymorph. Due to the difference in the arrangement of the -COOH group and alkyl chains, the major faces of the crystals of both polymorphs possess significant differences in the wettability towards moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpi S Borah
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Meghalaya, 793003, India
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India
| | - Pulakesh Gogoi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Meghalaya, 793003, India
| | - Nabadeep Kalita
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India
| | - Ranjit Thakuria
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India
| | - Naba K Nath
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Meghalaya, 793003, India
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5
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Napiórkowska E, Milcarz K, Szeleszczuk Ł. Review of Applications of Density Functional Theory (DFT) Quantum Mechanical Calculations to Study the High-Pressure Polymorphs of Organic Crystalline Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14155. [PMID: 37762459 PMCID: PMC10532210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its inception, chemistry has been predominated by the use of temperature to generate or change materials, but applications of pressure of more than a few tens of atmospheres for such purposes have been rarely observed. However, pressure is a very effective thermodynamic variable that is increasingly used to generate new materials or alter the properties of existing ones. As computational approaches designed to simulate the solid state are normally tuned using structural data at ambient pressure, applying them to high-pressure issues is a highly challenging test of their validity from a computational standpoint. However, the use of quantum chemical calculations, typically at the level of density functional theory (DFT), has repeatedly been shown to be a great tool that can be used to both predict properties that can be later confirmed by experimenters and to explain, at the molecular level, the observations of high-pressure experiments. This article's main goal is to compile, analyze, and synthesize the findings of works addressing the use of DFT in the context of molecular crystals subjected to high-pressure conditions in order to give a general overview of the possibilities offered by these state-of-the-art calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.N.); (K.M.)
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6
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Son FA, Fahy KM, Gaidimas MA, Smoljan CS, Wasson MC, Farha OK. Investigating the mechanical stability of flexible metal-organic frameworks. Commun Chem 2023; 6:185. [PMID: 37670014 PMCID: PMC10480183 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As we continue to develop metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for potential industrial applications, it becomes increasingly imperative to understand their mechanical stability. Notably, amongst flexible MOFs, structure-property relationships regarding their compressibility under pressure remain unclear. In this work, we conducted in situ variable pressure powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurements up to moderate pressures (<1 GPa) using a synchrotron source on two families of flexible MOFs: (i) NU-1400 and NU-1401, and (ii) MIL-88B, MIL-88B-(CH3)2, and MIL-88B-(CH3)4. In this project scope, we found a positive correlation between bulk moduli and degree of flexibility, where increased rigidity (e.g., smaller swelling or breathing amplitude) arising from steric hindrance was deleterious, and observed reversibility in the unit cell compression of these MOFs. This study serves as a primer for the community to begin to untangle the factors that engender flexible frameworks with mechanical resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia A Son
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Kira M Fahy
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Madeleine A Gaidimas
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Courtney S Smoljan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Megan C Wasson
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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7
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Mišura O, Pisačić M, Borovina M, Đaković M. Tailoring Enhanced Elasticity of Crystalline Coordination Polymers. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:1318-1322. [PMID: 36879768 PMCID: PMC9983303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The approach for enhancing the elasticity of crystals with suboptimal elastic performances through a rational design was presented. A hydrogen-bonding link was identified as a critical feature in the structure of the parent material, the Cd(II) coordination polymer [CdI2(I-pz)2] n (I-pz = iodopyrazine), to determine the mechanical output and was modified via cocrystallization. Small organic coformers resembling the initial organic ligand but with readily available hydrogens were selected to improve the identified link, and the extent of strengthening the critical link was in an excellent correlation with the delivered enhancement of elastic flexibility materials.
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8
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Samanta R, Das S, Mondal S, Alkhidir T, Mohamed S, Senanayak SP, Reddy CM. Elastic organic semiconducting single crystals for durable all-flexible field-effect transistors: insights into the bending mechanism. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1363-1371. [PMID: 36794186 PMCID: PMC9906658 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05217b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many examples of mechanically flexible crystals are currently known, their utility in all-flexible devices is not yet adequately demonstrated, despite their immense potential for fabricating high performance flexible devices. Here, we report two alkylated diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) semiconducting single crystals, one of which displays impressive elastic mechanical flexibility whilst the other is brittle. Using the single crystal structures and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we show that the methylated diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP-diMe) crystals, with dominant π-stacking interactions and large contributions from dispersive interactions, are superior in terms of their stress tolerance and field-effect mobility (μ FET) when compared to the brittle crystals of the ethylated diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative (DPP-diEt). Periodic dispersion-corrected DFT calculations revealed that upon the application of 3% uniaxial strain along the crystal growth (a)-axis, the elastically flexible DPP-diMe crystal displays a soft energy barrier of only 0.23 kJ mol-1 while the brittle DPP-diEt crystal displays a significantly larger energy barrier of 3.42 kJ mol-1, in both cases relative to the energy of the strain-free crystal. Such energy-structure-function correlations are currently lacking in the growing literature on mechanically compliant molecular crystals and have the potential to support a deeper understanding of the mechanism of mechanical bending. The field effect transistors (FETs) made of flexible substrates using elastic microcrystals of DPP-diMe retained μ FET (from 0.019 cm2 V-1 s-1 to 0.014 cm2 V-1 s-1) more efficiently even after 40 bending cycles when compared to the brittle microcrystals of DPP-diEt which showed a significant drop in μ FET just after 10 bending cycles. Our results not only provide valuable insights into the bending mechanism, but also demonstrate the untapped potential of mechanically flexible semiconducting crystals for designing all flexible durable field-effect transistor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranita Samanta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur Nadia West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Susobhan Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur Nadia West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Saikat Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur Nadia West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Tamador Alkhidir
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Sharmarke Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Center (AMCC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Nanoelectronics and Device Physics Lab, School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, An OCC of HBNI Jatni 752050 India
| | - C Malla Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur Nadia West Bengal 741246 India
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9
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Suh BL, Kang G, Yoon SM, Cho S, Moon MW, Sung YM, Kim MS, Hur K. Dimensional Control of Highly Anisotropic and Transparent Conductive Coordination Polymers for Solution-Processable Large-Scale 2D Sheets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206980. [PMID: 36271591 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the dimensional aspect of conductive coordination polymers is currently a key scientific interest. Herein, solution-based dimension control strategies are proposed for copper chloride thiourea (CuCl-TU) coordination polymers that enable centimeter-scale, 2D nanosheet formation for use as transparent electrodes. Despite the wide bandgap of CuCl-TU polymers (4.33 eV), through polaron-mediated electron transfer, the electrical conductivity of the 2D sheet at room temperature is able to reach 4.45 S cm-1 without intentional doping. This leads to a highly anisotropic electronic conductivity of up to the order of ≈103 differences, depending on the material orientation. Furthermore, by substituting alternative thiourea candidates, it is demonstrated that it is possible to predesign CuCl-TU structures with the desired functionality, stability, and porosity through dimensional control. These findings provide a blueprint to design next-generation transparent conducting materials that can operate at room temperature, thereby expanding their applicability to different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Lim Suh
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Advanced Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Goun Kang
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Advanced Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Yoon
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Advanced Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Cho
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Advanced Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Woon Moon
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Advanced Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Mo Sung
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Advanced Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kahyun Hur
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Advanced Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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10
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Kusumoto S, Kim Y, Hayami S. Flexible metal complex crystals in response to external mechanical stimuli. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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An LC, Li X, Li ZG, Li Q, Beldon PJ, Gao FF, Li ZY, Zhu S, Di L, Zhao S, Zhu J, Comboni D, Kupenko I, Li W, Ramamurty U, Bu XH. Plastic bending in a semiconducting coordination polymer crystal enabled by delamination. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6645. [PMCID: PMC9636129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCoordination polymers (CPs) are a class of crystalline solids that are considered brittle, due to the dominance of directional coordination bonding, which limits their utility in flexible electronics and wearable devices. Hence, engineering plasticity into functional CPs is of great importance. Here, we report plastic bending of a semiconducting CP crystal, Cu-Trz (Trz = 1,2,3-triazolate), that originates from delamination facilitated by the discrete bonding interactions along different crystallographic directions in the lattice. The coexistence of strong coordination bonds and weak supramolecular interactions, together with the unique molecular packing, are the structural features that enable the mechanical flexibility and anisotropic response. The spatially resolved analysis of short-range molecular forces reveals that the strong coordination bonds, and the adaptive C–H···π and Cu···Cu interactions, synergistically lead to the delamination of the local structures and consequently the associated mechanical bending. The proposed delamination mechanism offers a versatile tool for designing the plasticity of CPs and other molecular crystals.
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12
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Rautenberg M, Bhattacharya B, Das C, Emmerling F. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Phosphonate-Based Proton Conducting Metal-Organic Frameworks. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10801-10809. [PMID: 35776665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Water-stable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with proton-conducting behavior have attracted great attention as promising materials for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. Herein, we report the mechanochemical gram-scale synthesis of three new mixed-ligand phosphonate-based MOFs, {Co(H2PhDPA)(4,4'-bipy)(H2O)·2H2O}n (BAM-1), {Fe(H2PhDPA)(4,4'-bipy) (H2O)·2H2O}n (BAM-2), and {Cu(H2PhDPA)(dpe)2(H2O)2·2H2O}n (BAM-3) [where H2PhDPA = phenylene diphosphonate, 4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine, and dpe = 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene]. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that BAM-1 and BAM-2 are isostructural and possess a three-dimensional (3D) network structure comprising one-dimensional (1D) channels filled with guest water molecules. Instead, BAM-3 displays a 1D network structure extended into a 3D supramolecular structure through hydrogen-bonding and π-π interactions. In all three structures, guest water molecules are interconnected with the uncoordinated acidic hydroxyl groups of the phosphonate moieties and coordinated water molecules by means of extended hydrogen-bonding interactions. BAM-1 and BAM-2 showed a gradual increase in proton conductivity with increasing temperature and reached 4.9 × 10-5 and 4.4 × 10-5 S cm-1 at 90 °C and 98% relative humidity (RH). The highest proton conductivity recorded for BAM-3 was 1.4 × 10-5 S cm-1 at 50 °C and 98% RH. Upon further heating, BAM-3 undergoes dehydration followed by a phase transition to another crystalline form which largely affects its performance. All compounds exhibited a proton hopping (Grotthuss model) mechanism, as suggested by their low activation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Rautenberg
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, Berlin 12489, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Biswajit Bhattacharya
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Chayanika Das
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, Berlin 12489, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, Berlin 12489, Germany
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13
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Das S, Saha S, Sahu M, Mondal A, Reddy CM. Temperature‐Reliant Dynamic Properties and Elasto‐Plastic to Plastic Crystal (Rotator) Phase Transition in a Metal Oxyacid Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susobhan Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246, Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Subhankar Saha
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246, Nadia, West Bengal India
- Department of Chemistry Islampur College Islampur Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal 733202 India
| | - Mrinmay Sahu
- Department of Physical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246, Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Amit Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246, Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - C. Malla Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246, Nadia, West Bengal India
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Das S, Saha S, Sahu M, Mondal A, Reddy CM. Temperature-Reliant Dynamic Properties and Elasto-Plastic to Plastic Crystal (Rotator) Phase Transition in a Metal Oxyacid Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115359. [PMID: 34890475 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although, dynamic crystals are attractive for use in many technologies, molecular level mechanisms of various solid-state dynamic processes and their interdependence, remain poorly understood. Here, we report a rare example of a dynamic crystal (1), involving a heavy transition metal, rhenium, with an initial two-face elasticity (within ≈1 % strain), followed by elasto-plastic deformation, at room temperature. Further, these crystals transform to a rotator (plastic) crystal phase at ≈105 °C, displaying exceptional malleability. Qualitative and quantitative mechanical tests, X-ray diffraction, μ-Raman and polarized light microscopy experiments reveal that the elasto-plastic deformation involves both partial molecular rotations and slip, while malleability in the rotator phase is facilitated by reorientational motions and increased symmetry (slip planes). Our work, connecting the plastically bendable (1D or 2D) crystals with the rotator phases (3D), is important for designing multi-functional dynamic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susobhan Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhankar Saha
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.,Department of Chemistry, Islampur College, Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal 733202, India
| | - Mrinmay Sahu
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Amit Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - C Malla Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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Elastic Flexibility in an Optically Active Naphthalidenimine-Based Single Crystal. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11111397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic single crystals that combine mechanical flexibility and optical properties are important for developing flexible optical devices, but examples of such crystals remain scarce. Both mechanical flexibility and optical activity depend on the underlying crystal packing and the nature of the intermolecular interactions present in the solid state. Hence, both properties can be expected to be tunable by small chemical modifications to the organic molecule. By incorporating a chlorine atom, a reportedly mechanically flexible crystal of (E)-1-(4-bromo-phenyl)iminomethyl-2-hydroxyl-naphthalene (BPIN) produces (E)-1-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenyl)iminomethyl-2-hydroxyl-naphthalene (BCPIN). BCPIN crystals show elastic bending similar to BPIN upon mechanical stress, but exhibit a remarkable difference in their optical properties as a result of the chemical modification to the backbone of the organic molecule. This work thus demonstrates that the optical properties and mechanical flexibility of molecular materials can, in principle, be tuned independently.
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