1
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Whittaker MN, Brooks DL, Quigley A, Jindal I, Said H, Qu P, Wang JZ, Ahrens-Nicklas RC, Musunuru K, Alameh MG, Peranteau WH, Wang X. Improved specificity and efficacy of base-editing therapies with hybrid guide RNAs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.22.590531. [PMID: 38712058 PMCID: PMC11071363 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.22.590531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU), hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1), and mucopolysaccharidosis type 1 (MPSI) are autosomal recessive disorders linked to the phenylalanine hydroxylase ( PAH ) gene, fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase ( FAH ) gene, and alpha-L-iduronidase ( IDUA ) gene, respectively. Potential therapeutic strategies to ameliorate disease include corrective editing of pathogenic variants in the PAH and IDUA genes and, as a variant-agnostic approach, inactivation of the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase ( HPD ) gene, a modifier of HT1, via adenine base editing. Here we evaluated the off-target editing profiles of therapeutic lead guide RNAs (gRNAs) that, when combined with adenine base editors correct the recurrent PAH P281L variant, PAH R408W variant, or IDUA W402X variant or disrupt the HPD gene in human hepatocytes. To mitigate off-target mutagenesis, we systematically screened hybrid gRNAs with DNA nucleotide substitutions. Comprehensive and variant-aware specificity profiling of these hybrid gRNAs reveal dramatically reduced off-target editing and reduced bystander editing. Lastly, in a humanized PAH P281L mouse model, we showed that when formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) with adenine base editor mRNA, selected hybrid gRNAs revert the PKU phenotype, substantially enhance on-target editing, and reduce bystander editing in vivo . These studies highlight the utility of hybrid gRNAs to improve the safety and efficacy of base-editing therapies.
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2
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Mattar CN, Chew WL, Lai PS. Embryo and fetal gene editing: Technical challenges and progress toward clinical applications. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101229. [PMID: 38533521 PMCID: PMC10963250 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Gene modification therapies (GMTs) are slowly but steadily making progress toward clinical application. As the majority of rare diseases have an identified genetic cause, and as rare diseases collectively affect 5% of the global population, it is increasingly important to devise gene correction strategies to address the root causes of the most devastating of these diseases and to provide access to these novel therapies to the most affected populations. The main barriers to providing greater access to GMTs continue to be the prohibitive cost of developing these novel drugs at clinically relevant doses, subtherapeutic effects, and toxicity related to the specific agents or high doses required. In vivo strategy and treating younger patients at an earlier course of their disease could lower these barriers. Although currently regarded as niche specialties, prenatal and preconception GMTs offer a robust solution to some of these barriers. Indeed, treating either the fetus or embryo benefits from economy of scale, targeting pre-pathological tissues in the fetus prior to full pathogenesis, or increasing the likelihood of complete tissue targeting by correcting pluripotent embryonic cells. Here, we review advances in embryo and fetal GMTs and discuss requirements for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citra N.Z. Mattar
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, Singapore 119228
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Health System, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Wei Leong Chew
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, 60 Biopolis St, Singapore, Singapore 138672
| | - Poh San Lai
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, Singapore 119228
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3
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Borges B, Varthaliti A, Schwab M, Clarke MT, Pivetti C, Gupta N, Cadwell CR, Guibinga G, Phillips S, Del Rio T, Ozsolak F, Imai-Leonard D, Kong L, Laird DJ, Herzeg A, Sumner CJ, MacKenzie TC. Prenatal AAV9-GFP administration in fetal lambs results in transduction of female germ cells and maternal exposure to virus. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101263. [PMID: 38827250 PMCID: PMC11141462 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal somatic cell gene therapy (PSCGT) could potentially treat severe, early-onset genetic disorders such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) or muscular dystrophy. Given the approval of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vectors in infants with SMA by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, we tested the safety and biodistribution of AAV9-GFP (clinical-grade and dose) in fetal lambs to understand safety and efficacy after umbilical vein or intracranial injection on embryonic day 75 (E75) . Umbilical vein injection led to widespread biodistribution of vector genomes in all examined lamb tissues and in maternal uteruses at harvest (E96 or E140; term = E150). There was robust GFP expression in brain, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), without DRG toxicity and excellent transduction of diaphragm and quadriceps muscles. However, we found evidence of systemic toxicity (fetal growth restriction) and maternal exposure to the viral vector (transient elevation of total bilirubin and a trend toward elevation in anti-AAV9 antibodies). There were no antibodies against GFP in ewes or lambs. Analysis of fetal gonads demonstrated GFP expression in female (but not male) germ cells, with low levels of integration-specific reads, without integration in select proto-oncogenes. These results suggest potential therapeutic benefit of AAV9 PSCGT for neuromuscular disorders, but warrant caution for exposure of female germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beltran Borges
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UCSF Center for Maternal-Fetal Precision Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Antonia Varthaliti
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marisa Schwab
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Maria T. Clarke
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UCSF Center for Maternal-Fetal Precision Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Christopher Pivetti
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Nalin Gupta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cathryn R. Cadwell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Weill Neurohub, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ghiabe Guibinga
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Biologics Center, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Shirley Phillips
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Biologics Center, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Tony Del Rio
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Biologics Center, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Fatih Ozsolak
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Biologics Center, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Denise Imai-Leonard
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lingling Kong
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Diana J. Laird
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Akos Herzeg
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UCSF Center for Maternal-Fetal Precision Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Charlotte J. Sumner
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Tippi C. MacKenzie
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UCSF Center for Maternal-Fetal Precision Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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4
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Sánchez Rivera FJ, Dow LE. How CRISPR Is Revolutionizing the Generation of New Models for Cancer Research. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041384. [PMID: 37487630 PMCID: PMC11065179 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancers arise through acquisition of mutations in genes that regulate core biological processes like cell proliferation and cell death. Decades of cancer research have led to the identification of genes and mutations causally involved in disease development and evolution, yet defining their precise function across different cancer types and how they influence therapy responses has been challenging. Mouse models have helped define the in vivo function of cancer-associated alterations, and genome-editing approaches using CRISPR have dramatically accelerated the pace at which these models are developed and studied. Here, we highlight how CRISPR technologies have impacted the development and use of mouse models for cancer research and discuss the many ways in which these rapidly evolving platforms will continue to transform our understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Sánchez Rivera
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
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5
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Asif M, Khan WJ, Aslam S, Aslam A, Chowdhury MA. The Use of CRISPR-Cas9 Genetic Technology in Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Current Progress and Future Prospective. Cureus 2024; 16:e57869. [PMID: 38725755 PMCID: PMC11078688 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last century, there have been major landmark developments in the field of medicine, enabling us to control and cure various diseases on a larger scale. A few of these include the discovery of antibiotics, the development of vaccines, and the origin of organ and tissue transplants. The continued quest for innovation in microbiology and medicine has helped humankind save millions of lives and decrease morbidity at the global level. Genetic medicine has grown significantly in the last two decades and appears to be the next frontier of curative therapies for chronic diseases. One important landmark in genetic medicine is the development of CRISPR (clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) technology. In this article, we describe the basic structure and function of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, which, simply put, consists of an RNA part and a protein. It works as a molecular scissor that can perform targeted cuts followed by repairs in and around the genes of interest to attain favorable translational outcomes. We focused on summarizing recent studies using CRISPR-Cas9 technology in diagnosing and treating cardiovascular disease. These studies are primarily experimental and limited to animal models. However, their results are promising enough to anticipate that this technology will undoubtedly be available in clinical medicine in the coming years. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing has been used to study and potentially treat congenital heart disease, hyperlipidemias, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies, and the prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Despite the current progress, we recognize the several challenges this technology faces, including funding for research, improving precision and reproducible results for human subjects, and establishing protocols for ethical compliance so that it is acceptable to the scientific community and the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif
- Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, USA
| | - Wahab J Khan
- Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, USA
| | - Sadia Aslam
- Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, USA
| | - Awais Aslam
- Internal Medicine, Essentia Health, Fargo, USA
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6
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Waddington SN, Peranteau WH, Rahim AA, Boyle AK, Kurian MA, Gissen P, Chan JKY, David AL. Fetal gene therapy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:192-210. [PMID: 37470194 PMCID: PMC10799196 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Fetal gene therapy was first proposed toward the end of the 1990s when the field of gene therapy was, to quote the Gartner hype cycle, at its "peak of inflated expectations." Gene therapy was still an immature field but over the ensuing decade, it matured and is now a clinical and market reality. The trajectory of treatment for several genetic diseases is toward earlier intervention. The ability, capacity, and the will to diagnose genetic disease early-in utero-improves day by day. A confluence of clinical trials now signposts a trajectory toward fetal gene therapy. In this review, we recount the history of fetal gene therapy in the context of the broader field, discuss advances in fetal surgery and diagnosis, and explore the full ambit of preclinical gene therapy for inherited metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Waddington
- EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - William H Peranteau
- The Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ahad A Rahim
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ashley K Boyle
- EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, GOS-Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Jerry K Y Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Experimental Fetal Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna L David
- EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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7
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Chaudhary N, Newby AN, Whitehead KA. Non-Viral RNA Delivery During Pregnancy: Opportunities and Challenges. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2306134. [PMID: 38145340 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, the risk of maternal and fetal adversities increases due to physiological changes, genetic predispositions, environmental factors, and infections. Unfortunately, treatment options are severely limited because many essential interventions are unsafe, inaccessible, or lacking in sufficient scientific data to support their use. One potential solution to this challenge may lie in emerging RNA therapeutics for gene therapy, protein replacement, maternal vaccination, fetal gene editing, and other prenatal treatment applications. In this review, the current landscape of RNA platforms and non-viral RNA delivery technologies that are under active development for administration during pregnancy is explored. Advancements of pregnancy-specific RNA drugs against SARS-CoV-2, Zika, influenza, preeclampsia, and for in-utero gene editing are discussed. Finally, this study highlights bottlenecks that are impeding translation efforts of RNA therapies, including the lack of accurate cell-based and animal models of human pregnancy and concerns related to toxicity and immunogenicity during pregnancy. Overcoming these challenges will facilitate the rapid development of this new class of pregnancy-safe drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namit Chaudhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Alexandra N Newby
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kathryn A Whitehead
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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8
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Gogoleva N, Shahri ZJ, Noda A, Liao CW, Wakimoto A, Inoue Y, Jeon H, Takahashi S, Hamada M. Intraplacental injection of AAV9-CMV-iCre results in the widespread transduction of multiple organs in double-reporter mouse embryos. Exp Anim 2023; 72:460-467. [PMID: 37183025 PMCID: PMC10658086 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.23-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) has become a popular tool for gene transfer because of its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and efficiently transduce genetic material into a variety of cell types. The study utilized GRR (Green-to-Red Reporter) mouse embryos, in which the expression of iCre results in the disappearance of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) expression and the detection of Discosoma sp. Red Fluorescent Protein (DsRed) expression by intraplacental injection. Our results demonstrate that AAV9-CMV-iCre can transduce multiple organs in embryos at developmental stages E9.5-E11.5, including the liver, heart, brain, thymus, and intestine. These findings suggest that intraplacental injection of AAV9-CMV-iCre is a viable method for the widespread transduction of GRR mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gogoleva
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Zeynab Javanfekr Shahri
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Atsushi Noda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ching-Wei Liao
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Arata Wakimoto
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuri Inoue
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hyojung Jeon
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Michito Hamada
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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9
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Andreou T, Ishikawa-Learmonth Y, Bigger BW. Phenotypic characterisation of the Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I (MPSI) Idua-W392X mouse model reveals increased anxiety-related traits in female mice. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 139:107651. [PMID: 37473537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I (MPSI) is a rare inherited lysosomal storage disease that arises due to mutations in the IDUA gene. Defective alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA) enzyme is unable to break down glucosaminoglycans (GAGs) within the lysosomes and, as a result, there is systemic accumulation of undegraded products in lysosomes throughout the body leading to multi-system disease. Here, we characterised the skeletal/craniofacial, neuromuscular and behavioural outcomes of the MPSI Idua-W392X mouse model. We demonstrate that Idua-W392X mice have gross craniofacial abnormalities, showed signs of kyphosis, and show signs of hypoactivity compared to wild-type mice. X-ray imaging analysis revealed significantly shorter and wider tibias and femurs, significantly wider snouts, increased skull width and significantly thicker zygomatic arch bones in Idua-W392X female mice compared to wild-type mice at 9 and 10.5 months of age. Idua-W392X mice display decreased muscle strength, especially in the forelimbs, which is already apparent from 3 months of age. Female Idua-W392X mice display hypoactivity in the open-field test from 9 months of age and anxiety-like behaviour at 10 months of age. As these behaviours have been identified in Hurler children, the MPSI Idua-W392X mouse model may be important for the investigation of new therapeutic approaches for MPSI-Hurler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Andreou
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yuko Ishikawa-Learmonth
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Brian W Bigger
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
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10
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Palanki R, Bose SK, Dave A, White BM, Berkowitz C, Luks V, Yaqoob F, Han E, Swingle KL, Menon P, Hodgson E, Biswas A, Billingsley MM, Li L, Yiping F, Carpenter M, Trokhan A, Yeo J, Johana N, Wan TY, Alameh MG, Bennett FC, Storm PB, Jain R, Chan J, Weissman D, Mitchell MJ, Peranteau WH. Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Base Editing of Congenital Brain Disease. ACS NANO 2023; 17:13594-13610. [PMID: 37458484 PMCID: PMC11025390 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of mRNA-based therapeutics to the perinatal brain holds great potential in treating congenital brain diseases. However, nonviral delivery platforms that facilitate nucleic acid delivery in this environment have yet to be rigorously studied. Here, we screen a diverse library of ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) via intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection in both fetal and neonatal mice and identify an LNP formulation with greater functional mRNA delivery in the perinatal brain than an FDA-approved industry standard LNP. Following in vitro optimization of the top-performing LNP (C3 LNP) for codelivery of an adenine base editing platform, we improve the biochemical phenotype of a lysosomal storage disease in the neonatal mouse brain, exhibit proof-of-principle mRNA brain transfection in vivo in a fetal nonhuman primate model, and demonstrate the translational potential of C3 LNPs ex vivo in human patient-derived brain tissues. These LNPs may provide a clinically translatable platform for in utero and postnatal mRNA therapies including gene editing in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Palanki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Fetal Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sourav K Bose
- Center for Fetal Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Apeksha Dave
- Center for Fetal Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brandon M. White
- Center for Fetal Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cara Berkowitz
- Center for Fetal Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Valerie Luks
- Center for Fetal Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fazeela Yaqoob
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emily Han
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kelsey L Swingle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pallavi Menon
- Center for Fetal Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emily Hodgson
- Center for Fetal Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169547, SG
| | | | - Li Li
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fan Yiping
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169547, SG
| | - Marco Carpenter
- Center for Fetal Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexandra Trokhan
- Center for Fetal Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julie Yeo
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169547, SG
| | | | - Tan Yi Wan
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169547, SG
| | - Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Frederick Chris Bennett
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Phillip B. Storm
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rajan Jain
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jerry Chan
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169547, SG
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, 229899, SG
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael J. Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William H. Peranteau
- Center for Fetal Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Rodriguez M, Trevisan B, Ramamurthy RM, George SK, Diaz J, Alexander J, Meares D, Schwahn DJ, Quilici DR, Figueroa J, Gautreaux M, Farland A, Atala A, Doering CB, Spencer HT, Porada CD, Almeida-Porada G. Transplanting FVIII/ET3-secreting cells in fetal sheep increases FVIII levels long-term without inducing immunity or toxicity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4206. [PMID: 37452013 PMCID: PMC10349136 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemophilia A is the most common X-linked bleeding disorder affecting more than half-a-million individuals worldwide. Persons with severe hemophilia A have coagulation FVIII levels <1% and experience spontaneous debilitating and life-threatening bleeds. Advances in hemophilia A therapeutics have significantly improved health outcomes, but development of FVIII inhibitory antibodies and breakthrough bleeds during therapy significantly increase patient morbidity and mortality. Here we use sheep fetuses at the human equivalent of 16-18 gestational weeks, and we show that prenatal transplantation of human placental cells (107-108/kg) bioengineered to produce an optimized FVIII protein, results in considerable elevation in plasma FVIII levels that persists for >3 years post-treatment. Cells engraft in major organs, and none of the recipients mount immune responses to either the cells or the FVIII they produce. Thus, these studies attest to the feasibility, immunologic advantage, and safety of treating hemophilia A prior to birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rodriguez
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine (WFSOM), Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Brady Trevisan
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine (WFSOM), Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ritu M Ramamurthy
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine (WFSOM), Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sunil K George
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine (WFSOM), Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan Diaz
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine (WFSOM), Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jordan Alexander
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Diane Meares
- Special Hematology Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - David R Quilici
- The Mick Hitchcock Ph.D. Nevada Proteomics Center, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Jorge Figueroa
- Center for Research in Obstetrics and Gynecology, WFSOM, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael Gautreaux
- HLA/Immunogenetics and Immunodiagnostics Laboratories, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Farland
- Special Hematology Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine (WFSOM), Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Christopher B Doering
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H Trent Spencer
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher D Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine (WFSOM), Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Graça Almeida-Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine (WFSOM), Winston Salem, NC, USA.
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12
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Testa LC, Musunuru K. Base Editing and Prime Editing: Potential Therapeutic Options for Rare and Common Diseases. BioDrugs 2023:10.1007/s40259-023-00610-9. [PMID: 37314680 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Collectively, genetic disorders affect approximately 350 million individuals worldwide and are a major global health burden. Despite substantial progress in identification of new disease-causing genes, variants, and molecular etiologies, nearly all rare diseases have no targeted therapeutics that can address their underlying molecular causes. Base editing (BE) and prime editing (PE), two newly described iterations of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, represent potential therapeutic strategies that could be used to precisely, efficiently, permanently, and safely correct patients' pathogenic variants and ameliorate disease sequelae. Unlike "standard" CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, these technologies do not rely on double-strand break (DSB) formation, thus improving safety by decreasing the likelihood of undesired insertions and deletions (indels) at the target site. Here, we provide an overview of BE and PE, including their structures, mechanisms, and differences from standard CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. We describe several examples of the use of BE and PE to improve rare and common disease phenotypes in preclinical models and human patients, with an emphasis on in vivo editing efficacy, safety, and delivery method. We also discuss recently developed delivery methods for these technologies that may be used in future clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Testa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Genetics, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kiran Musunuru
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Genetics, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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13
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Nakamura S, Inada E, Saitoh I, Sato M. Recent Genome-Editing Approaches toward Post-Implanted Fetuses in Mice. BIOTECH 2023; 12:biotech12020037. [PMID: 37218754 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome editing, as exemplified by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, has recently been employed to effectively generate genetically modified animals and cells for the purpose of gene function analysis and disease model creation. There are at least four ways to induce genome editing in individuals: the first is to perform genome editing at the early preimplantation stage, such as fertilized eggs (zygotes), for the creation of whole genetically modified animals; the second is at post-implanted stages, as exemplified by the mid-gestational stages (E9 to E15), for targeting specific cell populations through in utero injection of viral vectors carrying genome-editing components or that of nonviral vectors carrying genome-editing components and subsequent in utero electroporation; the third is at the mid-gestational stages, as exemplified by tail-vein injection of genome-editing components into the pregnant females through which the genome-editing components can be transmitted to fetal cells via a placenta-blood barrier; and the last is at the newborn or adult stage, as exemplified by facial or tail-vein injection of genome-editing components. Here, we focus on the second and third approaches and will review the latest techniques for various methods concerning gene editing in developing fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Emi Inada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Issei Saitoh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho-shi 501-0296, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sato
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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14
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Mattar CNZ, Chan JKY, Choolani M. Gene modification therapies for hereditary diseases in the fetus. Prenat Diagn 2023; 43:674-686. [PMID: 36965009 PMCID: PMC10946994 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Proof-of-principle disease models have demonstrated the feasibility of an intrauterine gene modification therapy (in utero gene therapy (IUGT)) approach to hereditary diseases as diverse as coagulation disorders, haemoglobinopathies, neurogenetic disorders, congenital metabolic, and pulmonary diseases. Gene addition, which requires the delivery of an integrating or episomal transgene to the target cell nucleus to be transcribed, and gene editing, where the mutation is corrected within the gene of origin, have both been used successfully to increase normal protein production in a bid to reverse or arrest pathology in utero. While most experimental models have employed lentiviral, adenoviral, and adeno-associated viral vectors engineered to efficiently enter target cells, newer models have also demonstrated the applicability of non-viral lipid nanoparticles. Amelioration of pathology is dependent primarily on achieving sustained therapeutic transgene expression, silencing of transgene expression, production of neutralising antibodies, the dilutional effect of the recipient's growth on the mass of transduced cells, and the degree of pre-existing cellular damage. Safety assessment of any IUGT strategy will require long-term postnatal surveillance of both the fetal recipient and the maternal bystander for cell and genome toxicity, oncogenic potential, immune-responsiveness, and germline mutation. In this review, we discuss advances in the field and the push toward clinical translation of IUGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citra N. Z. Mattar
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- National University Health SystemsSingaporeSingapore
| | - Jerry K. Y. Chan
- KK Women's and Children's HospitalSingaporeSingapore
- Duke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- National University Health SystemsSingaporeSingapore
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15
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Bose SK, Kennedy K, Peranteau WH. Foetal genome editing. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2023; 35:134-139. [PMID: 36924409 PMCID: PMC10027366 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The development of modern gene editing tools alongside promising innovations in gene sequencing and prenatal diagnostics as well as a shifting regulatory climate around targeted therapeutics offer an opportunity to address monogenic diseases prior to the onset of pathology. In this review, we seek to highlight recent progress in preclinical studies evaluating the potential in-utero gene editing as a treatment for monogenic diseases that cause morbidity or mortality before or shortly after birth. RECENT FINDINGS There has been significant recent progress in clinical trials for postnatal gene editing. Corresponding advances have been made with respect to in-utero cell and enzyme replacement therapies. These precedents establish the foundation for 'one-shot' treatments by way in-utero gene editing. Compelling preclinical data in liver, pulmonary and multisystemic diseases demonstrate the potential benefits of in-utero editing approaches. SUMMARY Recent proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated the safety and feasibility of in-utero gene editing across multiple organ systems and in numerous diseases. Clinical translation will require continued evolution of vectors and editing approaches to maximize efficiency and minimize unwanted treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav K Bose
- Center for Fetal Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Saeed S, Khan SU, Khan WU, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Mubarak AS, Mohammed MA, Kiani FA, Wahab A, Shah MW, Saleem MH. Genome Editing Technology: A New Frontier for the Treatment and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101692. [PMID: 36898595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, genome-editing technique has proven to be a robust editing method that revolutionizes the field of biomedicine. At the genetic level, it can be efficiently utilized to generate various disease-resistance models to elucidate the mechanism of human diseases. It also develops an outstanding tool and enables the generation of genetically modified organisms for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. The versatile and novel CRISPR/Cas9 system mitigates the challenges of various GETs such as ZFNs, and TALENs. For this reason, it has become a ground-breaking technology potentially employed to manipulate the desired gene of interest. Interestingly, this system has been broadly utilized due to its tremendous applications for treating and preventing tumors and various rare disorders; however, its applications for treating CVDs remain in infancy. More recently, two newly developed GETs, such as base editing and prime editing, have further broadened the accuracy range to treat CVDs under consideration. Furthermore, recently emerged CRISPR tools have been potentially applied in vivo and in vitro to treat CVDs. To the best of our knowledge, we strongly enlightened the applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system that opened a new window in the field of cardiovascular research and, in detail, discussed the challenges and limitations of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbul Saeed
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R, China
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ullah Khan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Mostafa A Abdel-Maksoud
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman S Mubarak
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aufy Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Faisal Ayub Kiani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- Office of Academic Research, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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17
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Su J, Jin X, She K, Liu Y, Song L, Zhao Q, Xiao J, Li R, Deng H, Lu F, Yang Y. In vivo adenine base editing corrects newborn murine model of Hurler syndrome. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:6. [PMID: 36813914 PMCID: PMC9947215 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a severe disease caused by loss-of-function mutation variants in the α-L-iduronidase (Idua) gene. In vivo genome editing represents a promising strategy to correct Idua mutations, and has the potential to permanently restore IDUA function over the lifespan of patients. Here, we used adenine base editing to directly convert A > G (TAG>TGG) in a newborn murine model harboring the Idua-W392X mutation, which recapitulates the human condition and is analogous to the highly prevalent human W402X mutation. We engineered a split-intein dual-adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) adenine base editor to circumvent the package size limit of AAV vectors. Intravenous injection of the AAV9-base editor system into MPS IH newborn mice led to sustained enzyme expression sufficient for correction of metabolic disease (GAGs substrate accumulation) and prevention of neurobehavioral deficits. We observed a reversion of the W392X mutation in 22.46 ± 6.74% of hepatocytes, 11.18 ± 5.25% of heart and 0.34 ± 0.12% of brain, along with decreased GAGs storage in peripheral organs (liver, spleen, lung and kidney). Collectively, these data showed the promise of a base editing approach to precisely correct a common genetic cause of MPS I in vivo and could be broadly applicable to the treatment of a wide array of monogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ke-yuan Road 4, No. 1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Xiu Jin
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ke-yuan Road 4, No. 1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Kaiqin She
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ke-yuan Road 4, No. 1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yi Liu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ke-yuan Road 4, No. 1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Li Song
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ke-yuan Road 4, No. 1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Qinyu Zhao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ke-yuan Road 4, No. 1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Jianlu Xiao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ke-yuan Road 4, No. 1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Ruiting Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ke-yuan Road 4, No. 1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Hongxin Deng
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ke-yuan Road 4, No. 1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Fang Lu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ke-yuan Road 4, No. 1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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18
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Gonzalez EA, Nader H, Siebert M, Suarez DA, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Baldo G. Genome Editing Tools for Lysosomal Storage Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1429:127-155. [PMID: 37486520 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33325-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing has multiple applications in the biomedical field. They can be used to modify genomes at specific locations, being able to either delete, reduce, or even enhance gene transcription and protein expression. Here, we summarize applications of genome editing used in the field of lysosomal disorders. We focus on the development of cell lines for study of disease pathogenesis, drug discovery, and pathogenicity of specific variants. Furthermore, we highlight the main studies that use gene editing as a gene therapy platform for these disorders, both in preclinical and clinical studies. We conclude that gene editing has been able to change quickly the scenario of these disorders, allowing the development of new therapies and improving the knowledge on disease pathogenesis. Should they confirm their hype, the first gene editing-based products for lysosomal disorders could be available in the next years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Alberto Gonzalez
- Cell, Tissue and Gene Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Helena Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Farmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Siebert
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Unit of Laboratorial Research, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego A Suarez
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos J Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Cell, Tissue and Gene Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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19
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Singh K. Prenatal Interventions for the Treatment of Congenital Disorders. Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-6008-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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20
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Fachel FNS, Frâncio L, Poletto É, Schuh RS, Teixeira HF, Giugliani R, Baldo G, Matte U. Gene editing strategies to treat lysosomal disorders: The example of mucopolysaccharidoses. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114616. [PMID: 36356930 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders are a group of progressive multisystemic hereditary diseases with a combined incidence of 1:4,800. Here we review the clinical and molecular characteristics of these diseases, with a special focus on Mucopolysaccharidoses, caused primarily by the lysosomal storage of glycosaminoglycans. Different gene editing techniques can be used to ameliorate their symptoms, using both viral and nonviral delivery methods. Whereas these are still being tested in animal models, early results of phase I/II clinical trials of gene therapy show how this technology may impact the future treatment of these diseases. Hurdles related to specific hard-to-reach organs, such as the central nervous system, heart, joints, and the eye must be tackled. Finally, the regulatory framework necessary to advance into clinical practice is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Nathiely Silveira Fachel
- Laboratório de Células, Tecidos e Genes - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lariane Frâncio
- Laboratório de Células, Tecidos e Genes - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Édina Poletto
- Laboratório de Células, Tecidos e Genes - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselena Silvestri Schuh
- Laboratório de Células, Tecidos e Genes - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Helder Ferreira Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Genética, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Laboratório de Células, Tecidos e Genes - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- Laboratório de Células, Tecidos e Genes - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Genética, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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21
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Berkowitz CL, Luks VL, Puc M, Peranteau WH. Molecular and Cellular In Utero Therapy. Clin Perinatol 2022; 49:811-820. [PMID: 36328600 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Significant advances in maternal-fetal medicine and gene sequencing technology have fostered a new frontier of in utero molecular and cellular therapeutics, including gene editing, enzyme replacement therapy, and stem cell transplantation to treat single-gene disorders with limited postnatal treatment strategies. In utero therapies take advantage of unique developmental properties of the fetus to allow for the correction of monogenic disorders before irreversible disease pathology develops. While early preclinical studies in animal models are encouraging, more studies are needed to further evaluate their safety and efficacy prior to widespread clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Berkowitz
- Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Valerie L Luks
- Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marcelina Puc
- Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William H Peranteau
- Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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22
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Çerçi B, Uzay IA, Kara MK, Dinçer P. Clinical trials and promising preclinical applications of CRISPR/Cas gene editing. Life Sci 2022; 312:121204. [PMID: 36403643 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of genetic disorders by genomic manipulation has been the unreachable goal of researchers for many decades. Although our understanding of the genetic basis of genetic diseases has advanced tremendously in the last few decades, the tools developed for genomic editing were not efficient and practical for their use in the clinical setting until now. The recent advancements in the research of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) systems offered an easy and efficient way to edit the genome and accelerated the research on their potential use in the treatment of genetic disorders. In this review, we summarize the clinical trials that evaluate the CRISPR/Cas systems for treating different genetic diseases and highlight promising preclinical research on CRISPR/Cas mediated treatment of a great diversity of genetic disorders. Ultimately, we discuss the future of CRISPR/Cas mediated genome editing in genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barış Çerçi
- Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
| | - Ihsan Alp Uzay
- Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | | | - Pervin Dinçer
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
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23
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Boyne A, Yang M, Pulicani S, Feola M, Tkach D, Hong R, Duclert A, Duchateau P, Juillerat A. Efficient multitool/multiplex gene engineering with TALE-BE. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1033669. [PMID: 36440442 PMCID: PMC9684181 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1033669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TALE base editors are a recent addition to the genome editing toolbox. These molecular tools are fusions of a transcription activator-like effector domain (TALE), split-DddA deaminase halves, and an uracil glycosylase inhibitor (UGI) that have the distinct ability to directly edit double strand DNA, converting a cytosine (C) to a thymine (T). To dissect the editing rules of TALE-BE, we combined the screening of dozens of TALE-BE targeting nuclear genomic loci with a medium/high throughput strategy based on precise knock-in of TALE-BE target site collections into the cell genome. This latter approach allowed us to gain in depth insight of the editing rules in cellulo, while excluding confounding factors such as epigenetic and microenvironmental differences among different genomic loci. Using the knowledge gained, we designed TALE-BE targeting CD52 and achieved very high frequency of gene knock-out (up to 80% of phenotypic CD52 knock out). We further demonstrated that TALE-BE generate only insignificant levels of Indels and byproducts. Finally, we combined two molecular tools, a TALE-BE and a TALEN, for multiplex genome engineering, generating high levels of double gene knock-out (∼75%) without creation of translocations between the two targeted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Boyne
- Cellectis Inc., New York, NY, United States
| | - Ming Yang
- Cellectis Inc., New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexandre Juillerat
- Cellectis Inc., New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Alexandre Juillerat,
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24
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Tan J, Forner J, Karcher D, Bock R. DNA base editing in nuclear and organellar genomes. Trends Genet 2022; 38:1147-1169. [PMID: 35853769 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing continues to revolutionize biological research. Due to its simplicity and flexibility, CRISPR/Cas-based editing has become the preferred technology in most systems. Cas nucleases tolerate fusion to large protein domains, thus allowing combination of their DNA recognition properties with new enzymatic activities. Fusion to nucleoside deaminase or reverse transcriptase domains has produced base editors and prime editors that, instead of generating double-strand breaks in the target sequence, induce site-specific alterations of single (or a few adjacent) nucleotides. The availability of protein-only genome editing reagents based on transcription activator-like effectors has enabled the extension of base editing to the genomes of chloroplasts and mitochondria. In this review, we summarize currently available base editing methods for nuclear and organellar genomes. We highlight recent advances with improving precision, specificity, and efficiency and discuss current limitations and future challenges. We also provide a brief overview of applications in agricultural biotechnology and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Innovation Center for Genome Editing and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Joachim Forner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Daniel Karcher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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25
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MPSI Manifestations and Treatment Outcome: Skeletal Focus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911168. [PMID: 36232472 PMCID: PMC9569890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPSI) (OMIM #252800) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the IDUA gene encoding for the lysosomal alpha-L-iduronidase enzyme. The deficiency of this enzyme causes systemic accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Although disease manifestations are typically not apparent at birth, they can present early in life, are progressive, and include a wide spectrum of phenotypic findings. Among these, the storage of GAGs within the lysosomes disrupts cell function and metabolism in the cartilage, thus impairing normal bone development and ossification. Skeletal manifestations of MPSI are often refractory to treatment and severely affect patients’ quality of life. This review discusses the pathological and molecular processes leading to impaired endochondral ossification in MPSI patients and the limitations of current therapeutic approaches. Understanding the underlying mechanisms responsible for the skeletal phenotype in MPSI patients is crucial, as it could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting the skeletal abnormalities of MPSI in the early stages of the disease.
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26
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Herzeg A, Almeida-Porada G, Charo RA, David AL, Gonzalez-Velez J, Gupta N, Lapteva L, Lianoglou B, Peranteau W, Porada C, Sanders SJ, Sparks TN, Stitelman DH, Struble E, Sumner CJ, MacKenzie TC. Prenatal Somatic Cell Gene Therapies: Charting a Path Toward Clinical Applications (Proceedings of the CERSI-FDA Meeting). J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 62 Suppl 1:S36-S52. [PMID: 36106778 PMCID: PMC9547535 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We are living in a golden age of medicine in which the availability of prenatal diagnosis, fetal therapy, and gene therapy/editing make it theoretically possible to repair almost any defect in the genetic code. Furthermore, the ability to diagnose genetic disorders before birth and the presence of established surgical techniques enable these therapies to be delivered safely to the fetus. Prenatal therapies are generally used in the second or early third trimester for severe, life-threatening disorders for which there is a clear rationale for intervening before birth. While there has been promising work for prenatal gene therapy in preclinical models, the path to a clinical prenatal gene therapy approach is complex. We recently held a conference with the University of California, San Francisco-Stanford Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation, researchers, patient advocates, regulatory (members of the Food and Drug Administration), and other stakeholders to review the scientific background and rationale for prenatal somatic cell gene therapy for severe monogenic diseases and initiate a dialogue toward a safe regulatory path for phase 1 clinical trials. This review represents a summary of the considerations and discussions from these conversations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akos Herzeg
- UCSF Center for Maternal-Fetal PrecisionMedicine, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Graca Almeida-Porada
- Fetal Research and Therapy Program, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Wake Forest University, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - R. Alta Charo
- University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anna L. David
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health, University College London Medical School, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Juan Gonzalez-Velez
- UCSF Center for Maternal-Fetal PrecisionMedicine, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nalin Gupta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Larissa Lapteva
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies/Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Billie Lianoglou
- UCSF Center for Maternal-Fetal PrecisionMedicine, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William Peranteau
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Porada
- Fetal Research and Therapy Program, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Wake Forest University, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephan J. Sanders
- UCSF Center for Maternal-Fetal PrecisionMedicine, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Teresa N. Sparks
- UCSF Center for Maternal-Fetal PrecisionMedicine, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David H. Stitelman
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Evi Struble
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies/Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Charlotte J. Sumner
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tippi C. MacKenzie
- UCSF Center for Maternal-Fetal PrecisionMedicine, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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27
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de Coppi P, Loukogeorgakis S, Götherström C, David AL, Almeida-Porada G, Chan JKY, Deprest J, Wong KKY, Tam PKH. Regenerative medicine: prenatal approaches. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2022; 6:643-653. [PMID: 35963269 PMCID: PMC10664288 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This two-paper Series focuses on recent advances and applications of regenerative medicine that could benefit paediatric patients. Innovations in genomic, stem-cell, and tissue-based technologies have created progress in disease modelling and new therapies for congenital and incurable paediatric diseases. Prenatal approaches present unique opportunities associated with substantial biotechnical, medical, and ethical obstacles. Maternal plasma fetal DNA analysis is increasingly adopted as a noninvasive prenatal screening or diagnostic test for chromosomal and monogenic disorders. The molecular basis for cell-free DNA detection stimulated the development of circulating tumour DNA testing for adult cancers. In-utero stem-cell, gene, gene-modified cell (and to a lesser extent, tissue-based) therapies have shown early clinical promise in a wide range of paediatric disorders. Fetal cells for postnatal treatment and artificial placenta for ex-utero fetal therapies are new frontiers in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo de Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Department of Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Stavros Loukogeorgakis
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Department of Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cecilia Götherström
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna L David
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Womens Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Graça Almeida-Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem NC, USA
| | - Jerry K Y Chan
- Academic Clinical Program in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jan Deprest
- Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Kak Yuen Wong
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Paul Kwong Hang Tam
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China; Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region, China.
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28
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Reshetnikov VV, Chirinskaite AV, Sopova JV, Ivanov RA, Leonova EI. Translational potential of base-editing tools for gene therapy of monogenic diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:942440. [PMID: 36032737 PMCID: PMC9399415 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.942440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide have rare genetic diseases that are caused by various mutations in DNA sequence. Classic treatments of rare genetic diseases are often ineffective, and therefore great hopes are placed on gene-editing methods. A DNA base–editing system based on nCas9 (Cas9 with a nickase activity) or dCas9 (a catalytically inactive DNA-targeting Cas9 enzyme) enables editing without double-strand breaks. These tools are constantly being improved, which increases their potential usefulness for therapies. In this review, we describe the main types of base-editing systems and their application to the treatment of monogenic diseases in experiments in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, to understand the therapeutic potential of these systems, the advantages and disadvantages of base-editing systems are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy V. Reshetnikov
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Angelina V. Chirinskaite
- Сenter of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julia V. Sopova
- Сenter of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Roman A. Ivanov
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Elena I. Leonova
- Сenter of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
- *Correspondence: Elena I. Leonova,
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29
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Nishiga M, Liu C, Qi LS, Wu JC. The use of new CRISPR tools in cardiovascular research and medicine. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:505-521. [PMID: 35145236 PMCID: PMC10283450 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many novel CRISPR-based genome-editing tools, with a wide variety of applications, have been developed in the past few years. The original CRISPR-Cas9 system was developed as a tool to alter genomic sequences in living organisms in a simple way. However, the functions of new CRISPR tools are not limited to conventional genome editing mediated by non-homologous end-joining or homology-directed repair but expand into gene-expression control, epigenome editing, single-nucleotide editing, RNA editing and live-cell imaging. Furthermore, genetic perturbation screening by multiplexing guide RNAs is gaining popularity as a method to identify causative genes and pathways in an unbiased manner. New CRISPR tools can also be applied to ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic genome editing for the treatment of conditions such as hyperlipidaemia. In this Review, we first provide an overview of the diverse new CRISPR tools that have been developed to date. Second, we summarize how these new CRISPR tools are being used to study biological processes and disease mechanisms in cardiovascular research and medicine. Finally, we discuss the prospect of therapeutic genome editing by CRISPR tools to cure genetic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Nishiga
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Chun Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lei S Qi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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30
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Mashima R, Nakanishi M. Mammalian Sulfatases: Biochemistry, Disease Manifestation, and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158153. [PMID: 35897729 PMCID: PMC9330403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfatases are enzymes that catalyze the removal of sulfate from biological substances, an essential process for the homeostasis of the body. They are commonly activated by the unusual amino acid formylglycine, which is formed from cysteine at the catalytic center, mediated by a formylglycine-generating enzyme as a post-translational modification. Sulfatases are expressed in various cellular compartments such as the lysosome, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus. The substrates of mammalian sulfatases are sulfolipids, glycosaminoglycans, and steroid hormones. These enzymes maintain neuronal function in both the central and the peripheral nervous system, chondrogenesis and cartilage in the connective tissue, detoxification from xenobiotics and pharmacological compounds in the liver, steroid hormone inactivation in the placenta, and the proper regulation of skin humidification. Human sulfatases comprise 17 genes, 10 of which are involved in congenital disorders, including lysosomal storage disorders, while the function of the remaining seven is still unclear. As for the genes responsible for pathogenesis, therapeutic strategies have been developed. Enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant enzyme agents and gene therapy with therapeutic transgenes delivered by viral vectors are administered to patients. In this review, the biochemical substrates, disease manifestation, and therapy for sulfatases are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Mashima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +81-3-3417-2238
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31
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. In recent decades, extraordinary effort has been devoted to defining the molecular and pathophysiological characteristics of the diseased heart and vasculature. Mouse models have been especially powerful in illuminating the complex signaling pathways, genetic and epigenetic regulatory circuits, and multicellular interactions that underlie cardiovascular disease. The advent of CRISPR genome editing has ushered in a new era of cardiovascular research and possibilities for genetic correction of disease. Next-generation sequencing technologies have greatly accelerated the identification of disease-causing mutations, and advances in gene editing have enabled the rapid modeling of these mutations in mice and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. The ability to correct the genetic drivers of cardiovascular disease through delivery of gene editing components in vivo, while still facing challenges, represents an exciting therapeutic frontier. In this review, we provide an overview of cardiovascular disease mechanisms and the potential applications of CRISPR genome editing for disease modeling and correction. We also discuss the extent to which mice can faithfully model cardiovascular disease and the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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32
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Lederer CW, Koniali L, Buerki-Thurnherr T, Papasavva PL, La Grutta S, Licari A, Staud F, Bonifazi D, Kleanthous M. Catching Them Early: Framework Parameters and Progress for Prenatal and Childhood Application of Advanced Therapies. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040793. [PMID: 35456627 PMCID: PMC9031205 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are medicines for human use based on genes, cells or tissue engineering. After clear successes in adults, the nascent technology now sees increasing pediatric application. For many still untreatable disorders with pre- or perinatal onset, timely intervention is simply indispensable; thus, prenatal and pediatric applications of ATMPs hold great promise for curative treatments. Moreover, for most inherited disorders, early ATMP application may substantially improve efficiency, economy and accessibility compared with application in adults. Vindicating this notion, initial data for cell-based ATMPs show better cell yields, success rates and corrections of disease parameters for younger patients, in addition to reduced overall cell and vector requirements, illustrating that early application may resolve key obstacles to the widespread application of ATMPs for inherited disorders. Here, we provide a selective review of the latest ATMP developments for prenatal, perinatal and pediatric use, with special emphasis on its comparison with ATMPs for adults. Taken together, we provide a perspective on the enormous potential and key framework parameters of clinical prenatal and pediatric ATMP application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten W. Lederer
- The Molecular Genetics Thalassemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (L.K.); (P.L.P.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +357-22-392764
| | - Lola Koniali
- The Molecular Genetics Thalassemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (L.K.); (P.L.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Panayiota L. Papasavva
- The Molecular Genetics Thalassemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (L.K.); (P.L.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, IFT National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Amelia Licari
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Donato Bonifazi
- Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche (CVBF) and European Paediatric Translational Research Infrastructure (EPTRI), 70122 Bari, Italy;
| | - Marina Kleanthous
- The Molecular Genetics Thalassemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (L.K.); (P.L.P.); (M.K.)
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33
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White BM, Morrisey EE, Peranteau WH. In Utero Gene Editing for Inherited Lung Diseases. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-021-00205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Coons B, Peranteau WH. Prenatal Gene Therapy for Metabolic Disorders. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2021; 64:904-916. [PMID: 34652302 PMCID: PMC8713251 DOI: 10.1097/grf.0000000000000662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has traditionally involved the delivery of exogenous genetic material to a cell-most commonly to replace defective genes causing monogenic disorders. This allows cells to produce proteins that are otherwise absent in sufficient quantities, ideally for a therapeutic purpose. Since its inception over 40 years ago, the field of gene therapy has significantly expanded and now includes targeted gene editing strategies, including, but not limited to, clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Coons
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Schreurs J, Sacchetto C, Colpaert RMW, Vitiello L, Rampazzo A, Calore M. Recent Advances in CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing Tools for Cardiac Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10985. [PMID: 34681646 PMCID: PMC8537312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, genome editing has proven its value as a powerful tool for modeling or even treating numerous diseases. After the development of protein-guided systems such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), which for the first time made DNA editing an actual possibility, the advent of RNA-guided techniques has brought about an epochal change. Based on a bacterial anti-phage system, the CRISPR/Cas9 approach has provided a flexible and adaptable DNA-editing system that has been able to overcome several limitations associated with earlier methods, rapidly becoming the most common tool for both disease modeling and therapeutic studies. More recently, two novel CRISPR/Cas9-derived tools, namely base editing and prime editing, have further widened the range and accuracy of achievable genomic modifications. This review aims to provide an overview of the most recent developments in the genome-editing field and their applications in biomedical research, with a particular focus on models for the study and treatment of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliët Schreurs
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, ER 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.S.); (C.S.); (R.M.W.C.)
| | - Claudia Sacchetto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, ER 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.S.); (C.S.); (R.M.W.C.)
| | - Robin M. W. Colpaert
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, ER 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.S.); (C.S.); (R.M.W.C.)
| | - Libero Vitiello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.V.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessandra Rampazzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.V.); (A.R.)
| | - Martina Calore
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, ER 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.S.); (C.S.); (R.M.W.C.)
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