1
|
Schulte T, Chaves-Sanjuan A, Speranzini V, Sicking K, Milazzo M, Mazzini G, Rognoni P, Caminito S, Milani P, Marabelli C, Corbelli A, Diomede L, Fiordaliso F, Anastasia L, Pappone C, Merlini G, Bolognesi M, Nuvolone M, Fernández-Busnadiego R, Palladini G, Ricagno S. Helical superstructures between amyloid and collagen in cardiac fibrils from a patient with AL amyloidosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6359. [PMID: 39069558 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50686-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic light chain (LC) amyloidosis (AL) is a disease where organs are damaged by an overload of a misfolded patient-specific antibody-derived LC, secreted by an abnormal B cell clone. The high LC concentration in the blood leads to amyloid deposition at organ sites. Indeed, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has revealed unique amyloid folds for heart-derived fibrils taken from different patients. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of heart-derived AL amyloid (AL59) from another patient with severe cardiac involvement. The double-layered structure displays a u-shaped core that is closed by a β-arc lid and extended by a straight tail. Noteworthy, the fibril harbours an extended constant domain fragment, thus ruling out the variable domain as sole amyloid building block. Surprisingly, the fibrils were abundantly concatenated with a proteinaceous polymer, here identified as collagen VI (COLVI) by immuno-electron microscopy (IEM) and mass-spectrometry. Cryogenic electron tomography (cryo-ET) showed how COLVI wraps around the amyloid forming a helical superstructure, likely stabilizing and protecting the fibrils from clearance. Thus, here we report structural evidence of interactions between amyloid and collagen, potentially signifying a distinct pathophysiological mechanism of amyloid deposits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schulte
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Dept of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Box 1031, SE-17121, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Valentina Speranzini
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Kevin Sicking
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuropathology, Göttinge, 37077, Germany
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Melissa Milazzo
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzini
- Amyloidosis Treatment and Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Paola Rognoni
- Amyloidosis Treatment and Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Serena Caminito
- Amyloidosis Treatment and Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- Amyloidosis Treatment and Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Chiara Marabelli
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corbelli
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via M. Negri 2, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via M. Negri 2, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via M. Negri 2, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20132, Italy
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato, Milan, 20097, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Amyloidosis Treatment and Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Mario Nuvolone
- Amyloidosis Treatment and Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Rubén Fernández-Busnadiego
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuropathology, Göttinge, 37077, Germany
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Giovanni Palladini
- Amyloidosis Treatment and Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lewkowicz E, Jayaraman S, Gursky O. Molecular basis for non-invasive diagnostics of cardiac amyloids using bone tracers. Biomater Sci 2024. [PMID: 39046441 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00816b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and over 30 others are incurable life-threatening disorders caused by abnormal protein deposition as fibrils in various organs. Cardiac amyloidosis is particularly challenging to diagnose and treat. Identification of the fibril-forming protein, which in the heart is usually amyloid transthyretin (ATTR) or amyloid immunoglobulin light chain (AL), is paramount to treatment. A transformative non-invasive diagnostic modality is imaging using technetium-labeled pyrophosphate or diphosphonate bone tracers, 99mTc-PYP/DPD/HMDP. For unknown reasons, these tracers show preferential uptake by ATTR deposits. The tracer-binding moiety is unknown and potentially involves amyloid fibrils and/or amyloid-associated calcific deposits. We propose that, like in the bone, the tracers chelate to surface-bound Ca2+ in amyloid. In high-affinity protein sites, Ca2+ is coordinated by pairs of acidic residues. To identify such residues on amyloids, we harnessed atomic structures of patient-derived cardiac amyloids determined using cryogenic electron microscopy since 2019. These structures help explain why most but not all ATTR deposits uptake 99mTc-PYP/DPD/HMDP radiotracers, while in AL the opposite is true. Moreover, fibril structures help explain greater microcalcification observed in ATTR vs. AL deposits. These findings may aid the diagnostics and therapeutic targeting of cardiac amyloidosis and are relevant to other amyloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lewkowicz
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Shobini Jayaraman
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Olga Gursky
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bézard M, Zaroui A, Kharoubi M, Lam F, Poullot E, Teiger E, Agbulut O, Damy T, Kordeli E. Internalisation of immunoglobulin light chains by cardiomyocytes in AL amyloidosis: what can biopsies tell us? Amyloid 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38973117 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2024.2373748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac involvement in systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL) leads to chronic heart failure and is a major prognosis factor. Severe cellular defects are provoked in cardiac cells by tissue-deposited amyloid fibrils of misfolded free immunoglobulin light chains (LCs) and their prefibrillar oligomeric precursors. OBJECTIVE Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind cardiac cell cytotoxicity is necessary to progress in therapy and to improve patient management. One key question is how extracellularly deposited molecules exert their toxic action inside cardiac cells. Here we searched for direct evidence of amyloid LC uptake by cardiomyocytes in patient biopsies. METHODS We immunolocalized LCs in cardiac biopsies from four AL cardiac amyloidosis patients and analysed histopathological images by high resolution confocal microscopy and 3D image reconstruction. RESULTS We show, for the first time directly in patient tissue, the presence of LCs inside cardiomyocytes, and report their proximity to nuclei and to caveolin-3-rich areas. Our observations point to macropinocytosis as a probable mechanism of LC uptake. CONCLUSIONS Internalisation of LCs occurs in patient cardiomyocytes. This event could have important consequences for the pathogenesis of the cardiac disease by enabling interactions between amyloid molecules and cellular organelles inducing specific signalling pathways, and might bring new insight regarding treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bézard
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris-France
- Department of Cardiology and French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Henri-Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm U955, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - Amira Zaroui
- Department of Cardiology and French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Henri-Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm U955, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - Mounira Kharoubi
- Department of Cardiology and French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Henri-Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm U955, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - France Lam
- Sorbonne Université, I2PS, Imaging Core Facility, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Paris-France
| | - Elsa Poullot
- Department of Anatomopathology, Henri-Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Emmanuel Teiger
- Department of Cardiology and French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Henri-Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm U955, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris-France
| | - Thibaud Damy
- Department of Cardiology and French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Henri-Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm U955, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - Ekaterini Kordeli
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris-France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aguilan JT, Lim J, Racine-Brzostek S, Fischer J, Silvescu C, Cornett S, Nieves E, Mendu DR, Aliste CM, Semple S, Angeletti R, Weiss LM, Cole A, Prystowsky M, Pullman J, Sidoli S. Effect of dynamic exclusion and the use of FAIMS, DIA and MALDI-mass spectrometry imaging with ion mobility on amyloid protein identification. Clin Proteomics 2024; 21:47. [PMID: 38961380 PMCID: PMC11223398 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a disease characterized by local and systemic extracellular deposition of amyloid protein fibrils where its excessive accumulation in tissues and resistance to degradation can lead to organ failure. Diagnosis is challenging because of approximately 36 different amyloid protein subtypes. Imaging methods like immunohistochemistry and the use of Congo red staining of amyloid proteins for laser capture microdissection combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LMD/LC-MS/MS) are two diagnostic methods currently used depending on the expertise of the pathology laboratory. Here, we demonstrate a streamlined in situ amyloid peptide spatial mapping by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI-MSI) combined with Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry for potential transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis subtyping. While we utilized the standard LMD/LC-MS/MS workflow for amyloid subtyping of 31 specimens from different organs, we also evaluated the potential introduction in the MS workflow variations in data acquisition parameters like dynamic exclusion, or testing Data Dependent Acquisition combined with High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry (DDA FAIMS) versus Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) for enhanced amyloid protein identification at shorter acquisition times. We also demonstrate the use of Mascot's Error Tolerant Search and PEAKS de novo sequencing for the sequence variant analysis of amyloidosis specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T Aguilan
- Laboratory for Macromolecular Analysis and Proteomics Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, 10461, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, 10461, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Moses and Weiler Campus, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Jihyeon Lim
- Janssen Research and Development, Malvern, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Edward Nieves
- Laboratory for Macromolecular Analysis and Proteomics Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, 10461, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Damodara Rao Mendu
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Carlos-Madrid Aliste
- Laboratory for Macromolecular Analysis and Proteomics Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, 10461, USA
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, 10461, USA
| | | | - Ruth Angeletti
- Laboratory for Macromolecular Analysis and Proteomics Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Louis M Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, 10461, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Moses and Weiler Campus, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Adam Cole
- Montefiore Medical Center, Moses and Weiler Campus, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Michael Prystowsky
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, 10461, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Moses and Weiler Campus, New York, 10461, USA
| | - James Pullman
- Montefiore Medical Center, Moses and Weiler Campus, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mitra A, Naik L, Dhiman R, Sarkar N. Protonation-State Dependent Modulation of Hen Egg-White Lysozyme Fibrillation under the Influence of a Short Synthetic Peptide. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5995-6013. [PMID: 38875472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Under the influence of various conditions, misfolding of soluble proteins occurs, leading to the formation of toxic insoluble amyloids. The formation and deposition of such amyloids within the body are associated with detrimental biological consequences such as the onset of several amyloid-related diseases. Previously, we established a strategy for the rational design of peptide inhibitors against amyloid formation based on the amyloidogenic-prone region of the protein. In the current study, we have designed and identified an Asp-containing rationally designed hexapeptide (SqP4) as an excellent inhibitor of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) amyloid progression in vitro. First, SqP4 showed strong affinity toward the native monomeric HEWL leading to the stabilization of the native form and restriction in the unfolding process of monomeric HEWL. Second, SqP4 was found to arrest the amyloidogenic misfolded structure of HEWL in a nonfibrillar monomer-like stage. We also observed the differential effect of the protonation state of the charged amino acid (Asp) within the peptide inhibitor on the amyloid formation of HEWL and explored the reason behind the observations. The findings of this study can be implemented in future strategies for the development of potent therapeutics against other amyloid-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Mitra
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Lincoln Naik
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Nandini Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Karimi-Farsijani S, Pfeiffer PB, Banerjee S, Baur J, Kuhn L, Kupfer N, Hegenbart U, Schönland SO, Wiese S, Haupt C, Schmidt M, Fändrich M. Light chain mutations contribute to defining the fibril morphology in systemic AL amyloidosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5121. [PMID: 38879609 PMCID: PMC11180120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic AL amyloidosis is one of the most frequently diagnosed forms of systemic amyloidosis. It arises from mutational changes in immunoglobulin light chains. To explore whether these mutations may affect the structure of the formed fibrils, we determine and compare the fibril structures from several patients with cardiac AL amyloidosis. All patients are affected by light chains that contain an IGLV3-19 gene segment, and the deposited fibrils differ by the mutations within this common germ line background. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we here find different fibril structures in each patient. These data establish that the mutations of amyloidogenic light chains contribute to defining the fibril architecture and hence the structure of the pathogenic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julian Baur
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lukas Kuhn
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Niklas Kupfer
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ute Hegenbart
- Medicinal Department V, Amyloidosis Centre, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan O Schönland
- Medicinal Department V, Amyloidosis Centre, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Haupt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pelaez-Aguilar AE, Mata-Salgado F, Morales-Ortiz A, Millán-Pacheco C, Olvera-Carranza C, Salgado-Delgado J, Pastor N, Rivillas-Acevedo L. Cu(II) binding to the λ6aJL2-R24G antibody light chain protein associated with light chain amyloidosis disease: The role of histidines. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132393. [PMID: 38761898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Light chain amyloidosis is a conformational disease caused by the abnormal proliferation and deposition of antibody light chains as amyloid fibers in organs and tissues. The effect of Cu(II) binding to the model recombinant protein 6aJL2-R24G was previously characterized in our group, and we found an acceleration of the aggregation kinetics of the protein. In this study, in order to confirm the Cu(II) binding sites, histidine variants of 6aJL2-R24G were prepared and the effects of their interaction with Cu(II) were analyzed by circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, isothermal calorimetry titrations, and molecular dynamics simulations. Confirming our earlier work, we found that His8 and His99 are the highest affinity Cu(II) binding sites, and that Cu(II) binding to both sites is a cooperative event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel E Pelaez-Aguilar
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Mata-Salgado
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Alan Morales-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - César Millán-Pacheco
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Clarita Olvera-Carranza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jesus Salgado-Delgado
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Nina Pastor
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | - Lina Rivillas-Acevedo
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lavatelli F, Natalello A, Marchese L, Ami D, Corazza A, Raimondi S, Mimmi MC, Malinverni S, Mangione PP, Palmer MT, Lampis A, Concardi M, Verona G, Canetti D, Arbustini E, Bellotti V, Giorgetti S. Truncation of the constant domain drives amyloid formation by immunoglobulin light chains. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107174. [PMID: 38499153 PMCID: PMC11016911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
AL amyloidosis is a life-threatening disease caused by deposition of immunoglobulin light chains. While the mechanisms underlying light chains amyloidogenesis in vivo remain unclear, several studies have highlighted the role that tissue environment and structural amyloidogenicity of individual light chains have in the disease pathogenesis. AL natural deposits contain both full-length light chains and fragments encompassing the variable domain (VL) as well as different length segments of the constant region (CL), thus highlighting the relevance that proteolysis may have in the fibrillogenesis pathway. Here, we investigate the role of major truncated species of the disease-associated AL55 light chain that were previously identified in natural deposits. Specifically, we study structure, molecular dynamics, thermal stability, and capacity to form fibrils of a fragment containing both the VL and part of the CL (133-AL55), in comparison with the full-length protein and its variable domain alone, under shear stress and physiological conditions. Whereas the full-length light chain forms exclusively amorphous aggregates, both fragments generate fibrils, although, with different kinetics, aggregate structure, and interplay with the unfragmented protein. More specifically, the VL-CL 133-AL55 fragment entirely converts into amyloid fibrils microscopically and spectroscopically similar to their ex vivo counterpart and increases the amorphous aggregation of full-length AL55. Overall, our data support the idea that light chain structure and proteolysis are both relevant for amyloidogenesis in vivo and provide a novel biocompatible model of light chain fibrillogenesis suitable for future mechanistic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lavatelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Research Area, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Loredana Marchese
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Diletta Ami
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Corazza
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Roma, Italy
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Mimmi
- Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Malinverni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - P Patrizia Mangione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Research Area, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Manel Terrones Palmer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Lampis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Concardi
- Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Verona
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Centre for Amyloidosis, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Canetti
- Centre for Amyloidosis, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eloisa Arbustini
- Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bellotti
- Research Area, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sofia Giorgetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Research Area, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wong S, West ME, Morgan GJ. Kinetic evidence for multiple aggregation pathways in antibody light chain variable domains. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4871. [PMID: 38100259 PMCID: PMC10868443 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of antibody light chain proteins is associated with the progressive disease light chain amyloidosis. Patient-derived amyloid fibrils are formed from light chain variable domain residues in non-native conformations, highlighting a requirement that light chains unfold from their native structures in order to aggregate. However, mechanistic studies of amyloid formation have primarily focused on the self-assembly of natively unstructured peptides, and the role of native state unfolding is less well understood. Using a well-studied light chain variable domain protein known as WIL, which readily aggregates in vitro under conditions where the native state predominates, we asked how the protein concentration and addition of pre-formed fibril "seeds" alter the kinetics of aggregation. Monitoring aggregation with thioflavin T fluorescence revealed a distinctly non-linear dependence on concentration, with a maximum aggregation rate observed at 8 μM protein. This behavior is consistent with formation of alternate aggregate structures in the early phases of amyloid formation. Addition of N- or C-terminal peptide tags, which did not greatly affect the folding or stability of the protein, altered the concentration dependence of aggregation. Aggregation rates increased in the presence of pre-formed seeds, but this effect did not eliminate the delay before aggregation and became saturated when the proportion of seeds added was greater than 1 in 1600. The complexity of aggregation observed in vitro highlights how multiple species may contribute to amyloid pathology in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Wong
- Boston University Amyloidosis Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Madeline E West
- Boston University Amyloidosis Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gareth J Morgan
- Boston University Amyloidosis Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Andreotti G, Baur J, Ugrina M, Pfeiffer PB, Hartmann M, Wiese S, Miyahara H, Higuchi K, Schwierz N, Schmidt M, Fändrich M. Insights into the Structural Basis of Amyloid Resistance Provided by Cryo-EM Structures of AApoAII Amyloid Fibrils. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168441. [PMID: 38199491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid resistance is the inability or the reduced susceptibility of an organism to develop amyloidosis. In this study we have analysed the molecular basis of the resistance to systemic AApoAII amyloidosis, which arises from the formation of amyloid fibrils from apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II). The disease affects humans and animals, including SAMR1C mice that express the C allele of ApoA-II protein, whereas other mouse strains are resistant to development of amyloidosis due to the expression of other ApoA-II alleles, such as ApoA-IIF. Using cryo-electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations and other methods, we have determined the structures of pathogenic AApoAII amyloid fibrils from SAMR1C mice and analysed the structural effects of ApoA-IIF-specific mutational changes. Our data show that these changes render ApoA-IIF incompatible with the specific fibril morphologies, with which ApoA-II protein can become pathogenic in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giada Andreotti
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Julian Baur
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marijana Ugrina
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | | | - Max Hartmann
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hiroki Miyahara
- Institute for Biomedical Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Keiichi Higuchi
- Institute for Biomedical Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; Faculty of Human Health Sciences, Meio University, Nago 905-8585, Japan
| | - Nadine Schwierz
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bai J, Li X, Zhao J, Zong H, Yuan Y, Wang L, Zhang X, Ke Y, Han L, Xu J, Ma B, Zhang B, Zhu J. Re-Engineering Therapeutic Anti-Aβ Monoclonal Antibody to Target Amyloid Light Chain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1593. [PMID: 38338870 PMCID: PMC10855199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis involves the deposition of misfolded proteins. Even though it is caused by different pathogenic mechanisms, in aggregate, it shares similar features. Here, we tested and confirmed a hypothesis that an amyloid antibody can be engineered by a few mutations to target a different species. Amyloid light chain (AL) and β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) are two therapeutic targets that are implicated in amyloid light chain amyloidosis and Alzheimer's disease, respectively. Though crenezumab, an anti-Aβ antibody, is currently unsuccessful, we chose it as a model to computationally design and prepare crenezumab variants, aiming to discover a novel antibody with high affinity to AL fibrils and to establish a technology platform for repurposing amyloid monoclonal antibodies. We successfully re-engineered crenezumab to bind both Aβ42 oligomers and AL fibrils with high binding affinities. It is capable of reversing Aβ42-oligomers-induced cytotoxicity, decreasing the formation of AL fibrils, and alleviating AL-fibrils-induced cytotoxicity in vitro. Our research demonstrated that an amyloid antibody could be engineered by a few mutations to bind new amyloid sequences, providing an efficient way to reposition a therapeutic antibody to target different amyloid diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.B.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xi Li
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.B.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jun Zhao
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Huifang Zong
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.B.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.K.); (J.Z.)
- Jecho Biopharmaceutical Institute, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.B.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.B.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaoshuai Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.B.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yong Ke
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.B.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Lei Han
- Jecho Biopharmaceutical Institute, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Jianrong Xu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China;
| | - Buyong Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.B.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.B.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.B.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.K.); (J.Z.)
- Jecho Biopharmaceutical Institute, Shanghai 200240, China;
- Jecho Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, MD 21704, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sharma K, Stockert F, Shenoy J, Berbon M, Abdul-Shukkoor MB, Habenstein B, Loquet A, Schmidt M, Fändrich M. Cryo-EM observation of the amyloid key structure of polymorphic TDP-43 amyloid fibrils. Nat Commun 2024; 15:486. [PMID: 38212334 PMCID: PMC10784485 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The transactive response DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is a multi-facet protein involved in phase separation, RNA-binding, and alternative splicing. In the context of neurodegenerative diseases, abnormal aggregation of TDP-43 has been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration through the aggregation of its C-terminal domain. Here, we report a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM)-based structural characterization of TDP-43 fibrils obtained from the full-length protein. We find that the fibrils are polymorphic and contain three different amyloid structures. The structures differ in the number and relative orientation of the protofilaments, although they share a similar fold containing an amyloid key motif. The observed fibril structures differ from previously described conformations of TDP-43 fibrils and help to better understand the structural landscape of the amyloid fibril structures derived from this protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kartikay Sharma
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Fabian Stockert
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jayakrishna Shenoy
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Mélanie Berbon
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | | | - Birgit Habenstein
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Antoine Loquet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mishra S. Emerging Trends in Cryo-EM-based Structural Studies of Neuropathological Amyloids. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168361. [PMID: 37949311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathies, synucleinopathies, Aβ amyloidosis, TDP-43 proteinopathies, and prion diseases- these neurodegenerative diseases have in common the formation of amyloid filaments rich in cross-β sheets. Cryo-electron microscopy now permits the visualization of amyloid assemblies at atomic resolution, ushering a wide range of structural studies on several of these poorly understood amyloidogenic proteins. Amyloids are polymorphic with minor modulations in reaction environment affecting the overall architecture of their assembly, making amyloids an extremely challenging venture for structure-based therapeutic intervention. In 2017, the first cryo-EM structure of tau filaments from an Alzheimer's disease-affected brain established that in vitro assemblies might not necessarily reflect the native amyloid fold. Since then, brain-derived amyloid structures for several proteins across many neurodegenerative diseases have uncovered the disease-relevant amyloid folds. It has now been shown for tauopathies, synucleinopathies and TDP-43 proteinopathies, that distinct amyloid folds of the same protein might be related to different diseases. Salient features of each of these brain-derived folds are discussed in detail. It was also recently observed that seeded aggregation does not necessarily replicate the brain-derived structural fold. Owing to high throughput structure determination, some of these native amyloid folds have also been successfully replicated in vitro. In vitro replication of disease-relevant filaments will aid development of imaging ligands and defibrillating drugs. Towards this direction, recent high-resolution structures of tau filaments with positron emission tomography tracers and a defibrillating drug are also discussed. This review summarizes and celebrates the recent advancements in structural understanding of neuropathological amyloid filaments using cryo-EM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Mishra
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Biological Sciences Division, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Broggini L, Barzago MM, Speranzini V, Schulte T, Sonzini F, Giono M, Romeo M, Milani P, Caminito S, Mazzini G, Rognoni P, Merlini G, Pappone C, Anastasia L, Nuvolone M, Palladini G, Diomede L, Ricagno S. Nanobodies counteract the toxicity of an amyloidogenic light chain by stabilizing a partially open dimeric conformation. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168320. [PMID: 37865287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a systemic disease where fibrillar deposition of misfolded immunoglobulin light chains (LCs) severely affects organ function and results in poor prognosis for patients, especially when heart involvement is severe. Particularly relevant in this context is the cardiotoxicity exerted by still uncharacterized soluble LC species. Here, with the final goal of identifying alternative therapeutic strategies to tackle AL amyloidosis, we produced five llama-derived nanobodies (Nbs) specific against H3, a well-characterized amyloidogenic and cardiotoxic LC from an AL patient with severe cardiac involvement. We found that Nbs are specific and potent agents capable of abolishing H3 soluble toxicity in C. elegans in vivo model. Structural characterization of H3-Nb complexes revealed that the protective effect of Nbs is related to their ability to bind to the H3 VL domain and stabilise an unexpected partially open LC dimer in which the two VL domains no longer interact with each other. Thus, while identifying potent inhibitors of LC soluble toxicity, we also describe the first non-native structure of an amyloidogenic LC that may represent a crucial step in toxicity and aggregation mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Broggini
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Maria Monica Barzago
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via M. Negri 2, Milano 20156, Italy
| | | | - Tim Schulte
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Federica Sonzini
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Matteo Giono
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Margherita Romeo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via M. Negri 2, Milano 20156, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- Amyloidosis Treatment and Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Serena Caminito
- Amyloidosis Treatment and Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzini
- Amyloidosis Treatment and Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Paola Rognoni
- Amyloidosis Treatment and Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Amyloidosis Treatment and Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato, Milan 20097, Italy; Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Mario Nuvolone
- Amyloidosis Treatment and Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palladini
- Amyloidosis Treatment and Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via M. Negri 2, Milano 20156, Italy
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Klimtchuk ES, Peterle D, Bullitt EA, Connors LH, Engen JR, Gursky O. Role of complementarity-determining regions 1 and 3 in pathologic amyloid formation by human immunoglobulin κ1 light chains. Amyloid 2023; 30:364-378. [PMID: 37216473 PMCID: PMC10663386 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2023.2212397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin light chain (LC) amyloidosis is a life-threatening disease complicated by vast numbers of patient-specific mutations. We explored 14 patient-derived and engineered proteins related to κ1-family germline genes IGKVLD-33*01 and IGKVLD-39*01. METHODS Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry analysis of conformational dynamics in recombinant LCs and their fragments was integrated with studies of thermal stability, proteolytic susceptibility, amyloid formation and amyloidogenic sequence propensity. The results were mapped on the structures of native and fibrillary proteins. RESULTS Proteins from two κ1 subfamilies showed unexpected differences. Compared to their germline counterparts, amyloid LC related to IGKVLD-33*01 was less stable and formed amyloid faster, whereas amyloid LC related to IGKVLD-39*01 had similar stability and formed amyloid slower, suggesting different major factors influencing amyloidogenesis. In 33*01-related amyloid LC, these factors involved destabilization of the native structure and probable stabilization of amyloid. The atypical behavior of 39*01-related amyloid LC stemmed from increased dynamics/exposure of amyloidogenic segments in βC'V and βEV that could initiate aggregation and decreased dynamics/exposure near the Cys23-Cys88 disulfide. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest distinct amyloidogenic pathways for closely related LCs and point to the complementarity-defining regions CDR1 and CDR3, linked via the conserved internal disulfide, as key factors in amyloid formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena S. Klimtchuk
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA 02118, United States
| | - Daniele Peterle
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Esther A. Bullitt
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, W302, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, United States
| | - Lawreen H. Connors
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA 02118, United States
| | - John R. Engen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Olga Gursky
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA 02118, United States
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, W302, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hirschenberger M, Lepelley A, Rupp U, Klute S, Hunszinger V, Koepke L, Merold V, Didry-Barca B, Wondany F, Bergner T, Moreau T, Rodero MP, Rösler R, Wiese S, Volpi S, Gattorno M, Papa R, Lynch SA, Haug MG, Houge G, Wigby KM, Sprague J, Lenberg J, Read C, Walther P, Michaelis J, Kirchhoff F, de Oliveira Mann CC, Crow YJ, Sparrer KMJ. ARF1 prevents aberrant type I interferon induction by regulating STING activation and recycling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6770. [PMID: 37914730 PMCID: PMC10620153 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) signalling is tightly controlled. Upon recognition of DNA by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), stimulator of interferon genes (STING) translocates along the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi axis to induce IFN signalling. Termination is achieved through autophagic degradation or recycling of STING by retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport. Here, we identify the GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) as a crucial negative regulator of cGAS-STING signalling. Heterozygous ARF1 missense mutations cause a previously unrecognized type I interferonopathy associated with enhanced IFN-stimulated gene expression. Disease-associated, GTPase-defective ARF1 increases cGAS-STING dependent type I IFN signalling in cell lines and primary patient cells. Mechanistically, mutated ARF1 perturbs mitochondrial morphology, causing cGAS activation by aberrant mitochondrial DNA release, and leads to accumulation of active STING at the Golgi/ERGIC due to defective retrograde transport. Our data show an unexpected dual role of ARF1 in maintaining cGAS-STING homeostasis, through promotion of mitochondrial integrity and STING recycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Lepelley
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, INSERM UMR1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Ulrich Rupp
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Klute
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Victoria Hunszinger
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lennart Koepke
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Veronika Merold
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Blaise Didry-Barca
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, INSERM UMR1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Wondany
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Bergner
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tatiana Moreau
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, INSERM UMR1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu P Rodero
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, INSERM UMR1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Reinhild Rösler
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefano Volpi
- UOC Reumatologia e Malattie Autoinfiammatorie, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- UOC Reumatologia e Malattie Autoinfiammatorie, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Papa
- UOC Reumatologia e Malattie Autoinfiammatorie, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sally-Ann Lynch
- Children's Health Ireland, Crumlin, Dublin, Eire
- University College Dublin, Dublin, Eire
| | - Marte G Haug
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gunnar Houge
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristen M Wigby
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis in Sacramento, CA, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Sprague
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, USA
| | - Jerica Lenberg
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Clarissa Read
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Michaelis
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Yanick J Crow
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, INSERM UMR1163, F-75015, Paris, France.
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sharma K, Banerjee S, Savran D, Rajes C, Wiese S, Girdhar A, Schwierz N, Lee C, Shorter J, Schmidt M, Guo L, Fändrich M. Cryo-EM Structure of the Full-length hnRNPA1 Amyloid Fibril. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168211. [PMID: 37481159 PMCID: PMC10530274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein that is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multisystem proteinopathy. In this study, we have used cryo-electron microscopy to investigate the three-dimensional structure of amyloid fibrils from full-length hnRNPA1 protein. We find that the fibril core is formed by a 45-residue segment of the prion-like low-complexity domain of the protein, whereas the remaining parts of the protein (275 residues) form a fuzzy coat around the fibril core. The fibril consists of two fibril protein stacks that are arranged into a pseudo-21 screw symmetry. The ordered core harbors several of the positions that are known to be affected by disease-associated mutations, but does not encompass the most aggregation-prone segments of the protein. These data indicate that the structures of amyloid fibrils from full-length proteins may be more complex than anticipated by current theories on protein misfolding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kartikay Sharma
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Sambhasan Banerjee
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany. https://twitter.com/@SAMBHASANBANERJ
| | - Dilan Savran
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cedric Rajes
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Amandeep Girdhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Nadine Schwierz
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. https://twitter.com/@shorterlab
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Puri S, Schulte T, Chaves-Sanjuan A, Mazzini G, Caminito S, Pappone C, Anastasia L, Milani P, Merlini G, Bolognesi M, Nuvolone M, Palladini G, Ricagno S. The Cryo-EM STRUCTURE of Renal Amyloid Fibril Suggests Structurally Homogeneous Multiorgan Aggregation in AL Amyloidosis. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168215. [PMID: 37516426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL) is caused by the aberrant production of amyloidogenic light chains (LC) that accumulate as amyloid deposits in vital organs. Distinct LC sequences in each patient yield distinct amyloid structures. However different tissue microenvironments may also cause identical protein precursors to adopt distinct amyloid structures. To address the impact of the tissue environment on the structural polymorphism of amyloids, we extracted fibrils from the kidney of an AL patient (AL55) whose cardiac amyloid structure was previously determined by our group. Here we show that the 4.0 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of the renal fibril is virtually identical to that reported for the cardiac fibril. These results provide the first structural evidence that LC amyloids independently deposited in different organs of the same AL patient share a common fold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Puri
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. https://twitter.com/@Saritapuri1504
| | - Tim Schulte
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy. https://twitter.com/@timpaul81
| | - Antonio Chaves-Sanjuan
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Pediatric Research Center Fondazione R.E. Invernizzi and NOLIMITS Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. https://twitter.com/@ChavesSanjuan
| | - Giulia Mazzini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Serena Caminito
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine, University of Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine, University of Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy. https://twitter.com/@skinski74
| | - Paolo Milani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Pediatric Research Center Fondazione R.E. Invernizzi and NOLIMITS Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. https://twitter.com/@Martinobologne2
| | - Mario Nuvolone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palladini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Berghaus N, Schreiner S, Poos AM, Raab MS, Goldschmidt H, Mai EK, Salwender HJ, Bernhard H, Thurner L, Müller-Tidow C, Weinhold N, Hegenbart U, Schönland SO, Huhn S. Comparison of IGLV2-14 light chain sequences of patients with AL amyloidosis or multiple myeloma. FEBS J 2023; 290:4256-4267. [PMID: 37097223 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is one of the most common forms of systemic amyloidosis and is caused by the deposition of insoluble fibrils derived from misfolded and aggregated immunoglobulin light chains (LC). To uncover the causes leading to this aggregation, we compared AL LC sequences with those of patients with the related disease multiple myeloma (MM), which do not aggregate in insoluble fibrils in vivo. IGLV2-14 is one of the most common AL-associated IGLV subfamilies. Here, we analysed IGLV2-14 LC sequences of 13 AL and eight MM patients in detail. We found that AL-associated LCs presented a lower median mutation count (7.0 vs. 11.5 in MM; P = 0.045), as well as an overall composition of less charged amino acids than MM LCs. However, we did not find a mutation that was present in ≥ 50% of the AL and not in the MM sequences. Furthermore, we did not find a significant difference in the isoelectric point (pI) in general, suggesting similar stability of the LCs in AL and MM. However, the subgroup of patients without a detectable heavy chain stood out. Surprisingly, they are characterized by an increase in mutation count (median 7.0 vs. 5.5) and pI (median 7.82 vs. 6.44, P = 0.043). In conclusion, our data suggest that the amount of mutations and the introduction of charges play a crucial role in AL fibril formation, as well as the absence or presence of a potential heavy chain binding partner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Berghaus
- Medical Department V, Amyloidosis Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Sarah Schreiner
- Medical Department V, Amyloidosis Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Alexandra M Poos
- Medical Department V, Section of Multiple Myeloma, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Marc S Raab
- Medical Department V, Section of Multiple Myeloma, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
- National Centre for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Medical Department V, Section of Multiple Myeloma, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Elias K Mai
- Medical Department V, Section of Multiple Myeloma, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
- National Centre for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Helga Bernhard
- Medical Department V, Hematology/Oncology, Hospital Darmstadt GmbH, Germany
| | - Lorenz Thurner
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Saarland, Homburg/ Saar, Germany
| | | | - Niels Weinhold
- Medical Department V, Section of Multiple Myeloma, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Ute Hegenbart
- Medical Department V, Amyloidosis Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Stefan O Schönland
- Medical Department V, Amyloidosis Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Stefanie Huhn
- Medical Department V, Section of Multiple Myeloma, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wong S, West ME, Morgan GJ. Kinetic evidence for multiple aggregation pathways in antibody light chain variable domains. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.28.555139. [PMID: 37693524 PMCID: PMC10491100 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of antibody light chain proteins is associated with the progressive disease light chain amyloidosis. Patient-derived amyloid fibrils are formed from light chain variable domain residues in non-native conformations, highlighting a requirement that light chains unfold from their native structures in order to aggregate. However, mechanistic studies of amyloid formation have primarily focused on the self-assembly of natively unstructured peptides, and the role of native state unfolding is less well understood. Using a well-studied light chain variable domain protein known as WIL, which readily aggregates in vitro under conditions where the native state predominates, we asked how the protein concentration and addition of pre-formed fibril "seeds" alter the kinetics of aggregation. Monitoring aggregation with thioflavin T fluorescence revealed a distinctly non-linear dependence on concentration, with a maximum aggregation rate observed at 8 μM protein. This behavior is consistent with formation of alternate aggregate structures in the early phases of amyloid formation. Addition of N- or C-terminal peptide tags, which did not greatly affect the folding or stability of the protein, altered the concentration dependence of aggregation. Aggregation rates increased in the presence of pre-formed seeds, but this effect did not eliminate the delay before aggregation and became saturated when the proportion of seeds added was greater than 1 in 1600. The complexity of aggregation observed in vitro highlights how multiple species may contribute to amyloid pathology in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Wong
- Boston University Amyloidosis Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madeline E West
- Boston University Amyloidosis Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gareth J Morgan
- Boston University Amyloidosis Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Del Pozo-Yauner L, Herrera GA, Perez Carreon JI, Turbat-Herrera EA, Rodriguez-Alvarez FJ, Ruiz Zamora RA. Role of the mechanisms for antibody repertoire diversification in monoclonal light chain deposition disorders: when a friend becomes foe. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203425. [PMID: 37520549 PMCID: PMC10374031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune system of jawed vertebrates generates a highly diverse repertoire of antibodies to meet the antigenic challenges of a constantly evolving biological ecosystem. Most of the diversity is generated by two mechanisms: V(D)J gene recombination and somatic hypermutation (SHM). SHM introduces changes in the variable domain of antibodies, mostly in the regions that form the paratope, yielding antibodies with higher antigen binding affinity. However, antigen recognition is only possible if the antibody folds into a stable functional conformation. Therefore, a key force determining the survival of B cell clones undergoing somatic hypermutation is the ability of the mutated heavy and light chains to efficiently fold and assemble into a functional antibody. The antibody is the structural context where the selection of the somatic mutations occurs, and where both the heavy and light chains benefit from protective mechanisms that counteract the potentially deleterious impact of the changes. However, in patients with monoclonal gammopathies, the proliferating plasma cell clone may overproduce the light chain, which is then secreted into the bloodstream. This places the light chain out of the protective context provided by the quaternary structure of the antibody, increasing the risk of misfolding and aggregation due to destabilizing somatic mutations. Light chain-derived (AL) amyloidosis, light chain deposition disease (LCDD), Fanconi syndrome, and myeloma (cast) nephropathy are a diverse group of diseases derived from the pathologic aggregation of light chains, in which somatic mutations are recognized to play a role. In this review, we address the mechanisms by which somatic mutations promote the misfolding and pathological aggregation of the light chains, with an emphasis on AL amyloidosis. We also analyze the contribution of the variable domain (VL) gene segments and somatic mutations on light chain cytotoxicity, organ tropism, and structure of the AL fibrils. Finally, we analyze the most recent advances in the development of computational algorithms to predict the role of somatic mutations in the cardiotoxicity of amyloidogenic light chains and discuss the challenges and perspectives that this approach faces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Del Pozo-Yauner
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama-College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Guillermo A. Herrera
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama-College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
| | | | - Elba A. Turbat-Herrera
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama-College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama-College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kamelnia R, Goliaei B, Peyman Shariatpanahi S, Mehrnejad F, Ghasemi A, Zare Karizak A, Ebrahim-Habibi A. Chemical Modification of the Amino Groups of Human Insulin: Investigating Structural Properties and Amorphous Aggregation of Acetylated Species. Protein J 2023:10.1007/s10930-023-10131-7. [PMID: 37395911 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of human recombinant insulin can be affected by its aggregation. Effects of acetylation were observed on insulin structure, stability, and aggregation at 37 and 50 °C and pH of 5.0 and 7.4 with the use of spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Raman and FTIR results were indicative of structural changes in AC-INS, and CD analyses showed a slight increase in β-sheet content in AC-INS. Melting temperature (Tm) measurements indicated an overall more stable structure and spectroscopic assessment showed a more compact one. Formation of amorphous aggregates was followed over time and kinetics parameters showed a longer nucleation phase (higher t* amount) and lower aggregates amount (lower Alim) for acetylated insulin (AC-INS) compared to native (N-INS) in all tested conditions. The results of amyloid-specific probes approved the formation of amorphous aggregates. Size particle and microscopic analysis suggested that AC-INS was less prone to form aggregates, which were smaller if formed. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that controlled acetylation of insulin may lead to its higher stability and lower propensity toward amorphous aggregation and has provided insight into the result of this type of post-translational protein modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reyhane Kamelnia
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Departments of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, 16th Azar St., Enghelab Sq., P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Goliaei
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Departments of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, 16th Azar St., Enghelab Sq., P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Peyman Shariatpanahi
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Departments of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, 16th Azar St., Enghelab Sq., P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faramarz Mehrnejad
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Ghasemi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Zare Karizak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Ebrahim-Habibi
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Jalal Al Ahmad Highway, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Björk L, Klingstedt T, Nilsson KPR. Thiophene-Based Ligands: Design, Synthesis and Their Utilization for Optical Assignment of Polymorphic-Disease-Associated Protein Aggregates. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300044. [PMID: 36891883 PMCID: PMC10404026 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of ligands for detecting protein aggregates is of great interest, as these aggregated proteinaceous species are the pathological hallmarks of several devastating diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. In this regard, thiophene-based ligands have emerged as powerful tools for fluorescent assessment of these pathological entities. The intrinsic conformationally sensitive photophysical properties of poly- and oligothiophenes have allowed optical assignment of disease-associated protein aggregates in tissue sections, as well as real-time in vivo imaging of protein deposits. Herein, we recount the chemical evolution of different generations of thiophene-based ligands, and exemplify their use for the optical distinction of polymorphic protein aggregates. Furthermore, the chemical determinants for achieving a superior fluorescent thiophene-based ligand, as well as the next generation of thiophene-based ligands targeting distinct aggregated species are described. Finally, the directions for future research into the chemical design of thiophene-based ligands that can aid in resolving the scientific challenges around protein aggregation diseases are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Therése Klingstedt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - K Peter R Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wilkinson M, Gallardo RU, Martinez RM, Guthertz N, So M, Aubrey LD, Radford SE, Ranson NA. Disease-relevant β 2-microglobulin variants share a common amyloid fold. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1190. [PMID: 36864041 PMCID: PMC9981686 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
β2-microglobulin (β2m) and its truncated variant ΔΝ6 are co-deposited in amyloid fibrils in the joints, causing the disorder dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA). Point mutations of β2m result in diseases with distinct pathologies. β2m-D76N causes a rare systemic amyloidosis with protein deposited in the viscera in the absence of renal failure, whilst β2m-V27M is associated with renal failure, with amyloid deposits forming predominantly in the tongue. Here we use cryoEM to determine the structures of fibrils formed from these variants under identical conditions in vitro. We show that each fibril sample is polymorphic, with diversity arising from a 'lego-like' assembly of a common amyloid building block. These results suggest a 'many sequences, one amyloid fold' paradigm in contrast with the recently reported 'one sequence, many amyloid folds' behaviour of intrinsically disordered proteins such as tau and Aβ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wilkinson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Rodrigo U Gallardo
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Aelin Therapeutics, Bio-Incubator Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roberto Maya Martinez
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Peak Proteins, Birchwood House, Larkwood Way, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 2XR, UK
| | - Nicolas Guthertz
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Bicycle Therapeutics, Blocks A & B, Portway Building, Grant Park, Abingdon, Cambridge, CB21 6GS, UK
| | - Masatomo So
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Liam D Aubrey
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sheena E Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Neil A Ranson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Baur J, Berghaus N, Schreiner S, Hegenbart U, Schönland SO, Wiese S, Huhn S, Haupt C. Identification of AL proteins from 10 λ-AL amyloidosis patients by mass spectrometry extracted from abdominal fat and heart tissue. Amyloid 2023; 30:27-37. [PMID: 35792725 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2022.2095618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic AL amyloidosis arises from the misfolding of patient-specific immunoglobulin light chains (LCs). Potential drivers of LC amyloid formation are mutational changes and post-translational modifications (PTMs). However, little information is available on the exact primary structure of the AL proteins and their precursor LCs. OBJECTIVE We analyse the exact primary structure of AL proteins extracted from 10 λ AL amyloidosis patients and their corresponding precursor LCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS By cDNA sequencing of the precursor LC genes in combination with mass spectrometry of the AL proteins, the exact primary structure and PTMs were determined. This information was used to analyse their biochemical properties. RESULTS All AL proteins comprise the VL and a small part of the CL with a common C-terminal truncation region. While all AL proteins retain the conserved native disulphide bond of the VL, we found no evidence for presence of other common PTMs. The analysis of the biochemical properties revealed that the isoelectric point of the VL is significantly increased due to introduced mutations. CONCLUSION Our data imply that mutational changes influence the surface charge properties of the VL and that common proteolytic processes are involved in the generation of the cleavage sites of AL proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Baur
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Natalie Berghaus
- Medical Department V, Amyloidosis Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Schreiner
- Medical Department V, Amyloidosis Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Hegenbart
- Medical Department V, Amyloidosis Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan O Schönland
- Medical Department V, Amyloidosis Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefanie Huhn
- Medical Department V, Section of Multiple Myeloma, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Haupt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Klimtchuk ES, Peterle D, Bullitt EA, Connors LH, Engen JR, Gursky O. Role of Complementarity-Determining Regions 1 and 3 in Pathologic Amyloid Formation by Human Immunoglobulin κ1 Light Chains. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.01.526662. [PMID: 36778378 PMCID: PMC9915687 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin light chain (LC) amyloidosis is a life-threatening disease whose understanding and treatment is complicated by vast numbers of patient-specific mutations. To address molecular origins of the disease, we explored 14 patient-derived and engineered proteins related to κ1-family germline genes IGKVLD-33*01 and IGKVLD-39*01. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry analysis of local conformational dynamics in full-length recombinant LCs and their fragments was integrated with studies of thermal stability, proteolytic susceptibility, amyloid formation, and amyloidogenic sequence propensities using spectroscopic, electron microscopic and bioinformatics tools. The results were mapped on the atomic structures of native and fibrillary proteins. Proteins from two κ1 subfamilies showed unexpected differences. Compared to their germline counterparts, amyloid LC related to IGKVLD-33*01 was less stable and formed amyloid faster, whereas amyloid LC related to IGKVLD-39*01 had similar stability and formed amyloid slower. These and other differences suggest different major factors influencing amyloid formation. In 33*01-related amyloid LC, these factors involved mutation-induced destabilization of the native structure and probable stabilization of amyloid. The atypical behaviour of 39*01-related amyloid LC tracked back to increased dynamics/exposure of amyloidogenic segments in βC' V and βE V that could initiate aggregation, combined with decreased dynamics/exposure near the Cys23-Cys88 disulfide whose rearrangement is rate-limiting to amyloidogenesis. The results suggest distinct amyloidogenic pathways for closely related LCs and point to the antigen-binding, complementarity-determining regions CDR1 and CDR3, which are linked via the conserved internal disulfide, as key factors in amyloid formation by various LCs.
Collapse
|
27
|
Aggregation mechanism and branched 3D morphologies of pathological human light chain proteins under reducing conditions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 221:112983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
28
|
Martinez-Rivas G, Bender S, Sirac C. Understanding AL amyloidosis with a little help from in vivo models. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1008449. [PMID: 36458006 PMCID: PMC9707859 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1008449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a rare but severe disease that may occur when a B or plasma cell clone secretes an excess of free Ig light chains (LCs). Some of these LCs tend to aggregate into organized fibrils with a β-sheet structure, the so-called amyloid fibrils, and deposit into the extracellular compartment of organs, such as the heart or kidneys, causing their dysfunction. Recent findings have confirmed that the core of the amyloid fibrils is constituted by the variable (V) domain of the LCs, but the mechanisms underlying the unfolding and aggregation of this fragment and its deposition are still unclear. Moreover, in addition to the mechanical constraints exerted by the massive accumulation of amyloid fibrils in organs, the direct toxicity of these variable domain LCs, full-length light chains, or primary amyloid precursors (oligomers) seems to play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Many in vitro studies have focused on these topics, but the variability of this disease, in which each LC presents unique properties, and the extent and complexity of affected organs make its study in vivo very difficult. Accordingly, several groups have focused on the development of animal models for years, with some encouraging but mostly disappointing results. In this review, we discuss the experimental models that have been used to better understand the unknowns of this pathology with an emphasis on in vivo approaches. We also focus on why reliable AL amyloidosis animal models remain so difficult to obtain and what this tells us about the pathophysiology of the disease.
Collapse
|
29
|
Nakajima K, Yamaguchi K, Noji M, Aguirre C, Ikenaka K, Mochizuki H, Zhou L, Ogi H, Ito T, Narita I, Gejyo F, Naiki H, Yamamoto S, Goto Y. Macromolecular crowding and supersaturation protect hemodialysis patients from the onset of dialysis-related amyloidosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5689. [PMID: 36192385 PMCID: PMC9530240 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA), a serious complication among long-term hemodialysis patients, is caused by amyloid fibrils of β2-microglobulin (β2m). Although high serum β2m levels and a long dialysis vintage are the primary and secondary risk factors for the onset of DRA, respectively, patients with these do not always develop DRA, indicating that there are additional risk factors. To clarify these unknown factors, we investigate the effects of human sera on β2m amyloid fibril formation, revealing that sera markedly inhibit amyloid fibril formation. Results from over 100 sera indicate that, although the inhibitory effects of sera deteriorate in long-term dialysis patients, they are ameliorated by maintenance dialysis treatments in the short term. Serum albumin prevents amyloid fibril formation based on macromolecular crowding effects, and decreased serum albumin concentration in dialysis patients is a tertiary risk factor for the onset of DRA. We construct a theoretical model assuming cumulative effects of the three risk factors, suggesting the importance of monitoring temporary and accumulated risks to prevent the development of amyloidosis, which occurs based on supersaturation-limited amyloid fibril formation in a crowded milieu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kichitaro Nakajima
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamaguchi
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Noji
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshidahonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8316, Japan
| | - César Aguirre
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Lianjie Zhou
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ogi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toru Ito
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Fumitake Gejyo
- Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, 956-8603, Japan
| | - Hironobu Naiki
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamamoto
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Yuji Goto
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sanguinetti C, Minniti M, Susini V, Caponi L, Panichella G, Castiglione V, Aimo A, Emdin M, Vergaro G, Franzini M. The Journey of Human Transthyretin: Synthesis, Structure Stability, and Catabolism. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081906. [PMID: 36009453 PMCID: PMC9405911 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a homotetrameric protein mainly synthesised by the liver and the choroid plexus whose function is to carry the thyroid hormone thyroxine and the retinol-binding protein bound to retinol in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. When the stability of the tetrameric structure is lost, it breaks down, paving the way for the aggregation of TTR monomers into insoluble fibrils leading to transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis, a progressive disorder mainly affecting the heart and nervous system. Several TTR gene mutations have been characterised as destabilisers of TTR structure and are associated with hereditary forms of ATTR amyloidosis. The reason why also the wild-type TTR is intrinsically amyloidogenic in some subjects is largely unknown. The aim of the review is to give an overview of the TTR biological life cycle which is largely unknown. For this purpose, the current knowledge on TTR physiological metabolism, from its synthesis to its catabolism, is described. Furthermore, a large section of the review is dedicated to examining in depth the role of mutations and physiological ligands on the stability of TTR tetramers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sanguinetti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marianna Minniti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Susini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Caponi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Panichella
- “Health Science” Interdisciplinary Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Castiglione
- “Health Science” Interdisciplinary Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Aimo
- “Health Science” Interdisciplinary Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- “Health Science” Interdisciplinary Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vergaro
- “Health Science” Interdisciplinary Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Franzini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang LQ, Ma Y, Yuan HY, Zhao K, Zhang MY, Wang Q, Huang X, Xu WC, Dai B, Chen J, Li D, Zhang D, Wang Z, Zou L, Yin P, Liu C, Liang Y. Cryo-EM structure of an amyloid fibril formed by full-length human SOD1 reveals its conformational conversion. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3491. [PMID: 35715417 PMCID: PMC9205981 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease. Misfolded Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) has been linked to both familial and sporadic ALS. SOD1 fibrils formed in vitro share toxic properties with ALS inclusions. Here we produced cytotoxic amyloid fibrils from full-length apo human SOD1 under reducing conditions and determined the atomic structure using cryo-EM. The SOD1 fibril consists of a single protofilament with a left-handed helix. The fibril core exhibits a serpentine fold comprising N-terminal segment (residues 3–55) and C-terminal segment (residues 86–153) with an intrinsic disordered segment. The two segments are zipped up by three salt bridge pairs. By comparison with the structure of apo SOD1 dimer, we propose that eight β-strands (to form a β-barrel) and one α-helix in the subunit of apo SOD1 convert into thirteen β-strands stabilized by five hydrophobic cavities in the SOD1 fibril. Our data provide insights into how SOD1 converts between structurally and functionally distinct states. Misfolded SOD1 has been linked to both familial and sporadic ALS. Here the authors have determined the cryo-EM structure of SOD1 fibrils, providing insights into the conversion of SOD1 from its immature form into an aggregated form during pathogenesis of ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qiang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, 518057, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yeyang Ma
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201210, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Ye Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, 518057, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201210, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Mu-Ya Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, 518057, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), 518020, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen-Chang Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Dai
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, 518057, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China.,Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Delin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengzhi Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangyu Zou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), 518020, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China. .,Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, 518057, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Molecular Mechanism of Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies for AL Amyloidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116336. [PMID: 35683015 PMCID: PMC9181426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, small B-cell clones (mostly plasma cell clones) present in the bone marrow proliferate and secrete unstable monoclonal free light chains (FLCs), which form amyloid fibrils that deposit in the interstitial tissue, resulting in organ injury and dysfunction. AL amyloidosis progresses much faster than other types of amyloidosis, with a slight delay in diagnosis leading to a marked exacerbation of cardiomyopathy. In some cases, the resulting heart failure is so severe that chemotherapy cannot be administered, and death sometimes occurs within a few months. To date, many clinical studies have focused on therapeutics, especially chemotherapy, to treat this disease. Because it is necessary to promptly lower FLC, the causative protein of amyloid, to achieve a hematological response, various anticancer agents targeting neoplastic plasma cells are used for the treatment of this disease. In addition, many basic studies using human specimens to elucidate the pathophysiology of AL have been conducted. Gene mutations associated with AL, the characteristics of amyloidogenic LC, and the structural specificity of amyloid fibrils have been clarified. Regarding the mechanism of cellular and tissue damage, the mass effect due to amyloid deposition, as well as the toxicity of pre-fibrillar LC, is gradually being elucidated. This review outlines the pathogenesis and treatment strategies for AL amyloidosis with respect to its molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
|
33
|
An N-glycosylation hotspot in immunoglobulin κ light chains is associated with AL amyloidosis. Leukemia 2022; 36:2076-2085. [PMID: 35610346 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01599-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis is caused by a small, minimally proliferating B-cell/plasma-cell clone secreting a patient-unique, aggregation-prone, toxic light chain (LC). The pathogenicity of LCs is encrypted in their sequence, yet molecular determinants of amyloidogenesis are poorly understood. Higher rates of N-glycosylation among clonal κ LCs from patients with AL amyloidosis compared to other monoclonal gammopathies indicate that this post-translational modification is associated with a higher risk of developing AL amyloidosis. Here, we exploited LC sequence information from previously published amyloidogenic and control clonal LCs and from a series of 220 patients with AL amyloidosis or multiple myeloma followed at our Institutions to define sequence and spatial features of N-glycosylation, combining bioinformatics, biochemical, proteomics, structural and genetic analyses. We found peculiar sequence and spatial pattern of N-glycosylation in amyloidogenic κ LCs, with most of the N-glycosylation sites laying in the framework region 3, particularly within the E strand, and consisting mainly of the NFT sequon, setting them apart with respect to non-amyloidogenic clonal LCs. Our data further support a potential role of N-glycosylation in determining the pathogenic behavior of a subset of amyloidogenic LCs and may help refine current N-glycosylation-based prognostic assessments for patients with monoclonal gammopathies.
Collapse
|
34
|
Russo R, Romeo M, Schulte T, Maritan M, Oberti L, Barzago MM, Barbiroli A, Pappone C, Anastasia L, Palladini G, Diomede L, Ricagno S. Cu(II) Binding Increases the Soluble Toxicity of Amyloidogenic Light Chains. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020950. [PMID: 35055136 PMCID: PMC8780072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is caused by the aberrant overproduction of immunoglobulin light chains (LCs). The resulting abnormally high LC concentrations in blood lead to deposit formation in the heart and other target organs. Organ damage is caused not only by the accumulation of bulky amyloid deposits, but extensive clinical data indicate that circulating soluble LCs also exert cardiotoxic effects. The nematode C. elegans has been validated to recapitulate LC soluble toxicity in vivo, and in such a model a role for copper ions in increasing LC soluble toxicity has been reported. Here, we applied microscale thermophoresis, isothermal calorimetry and thermal melting to demonstrate the specific binding of Cu2+ to the variable domain of amyloidogenic H7 with a sub-micromolar affinity. Histidine residues present in the LC sequence are not involved in the binding, and yet their mutation to Ala reduces the soluble toxicity of H7. Copper ions bind to and destabilize the variable domains and induce a limited stabilization in this domain. In summary, the data reported here, elucidate the biochemical bases of the Cu2+-induced toxicity; moreover, they also show that copper binding is just one of the several biochemical traits contributing to LC soluble in vivo toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Russo
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e Dei Trapianti, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20090 Segrate, Italy;
| | - Margherita Romeo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Farmacologia Molecolare, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Tim Schulte
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy; (T.S.); (C.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Martina Maritan
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (L.O.)
| | - Luca Oberti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (L.O.)
| | - Maria Monica Barzago
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Farmacologia Molecolare, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, La Nutrizione e L’Ambiente, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy; (T.S.); (C.P.); (L.A.)
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy; (T.S.); (C.P.); (L.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palladini
- Amyloidosis Treatment and Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Farmacologia Molecolare, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (M.M.B.)
- Correspondence: (L.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy; (T.S.); (C.P.); (L.A.)
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (L.O.)
- Correspondence: (L.D.); (S.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Vestergaard B, Langkilde AE. Protein fibrillation from another small angle: Sample preparation and SAXS data collection. Methods Enzymol 2022; 677:291-321. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
36
|
Delle Monache S, Indovina I, Zago M, Daprati E, Lacquaniti F, Bosco G. Watching the Effects of Gravity. Vestibular Cortex and the Neural Representation of "Visual" Gravity. Front Integr Neurosci 2021; 15:793634. [PMID: 34924968 PMCID: PMC8671301 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2021.793634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gravity is a physical constraint all terrestrial species have adapted to through evolution. Indeed, gravity effects are taken into account in many forms of interaction with the environment, from the seemingly simple task of maintaining balance to the complex motor skills performed by athletes and dancers. Graviceptors, primarily located in the vestibular otolith organs, feed the Central Nervous System with information related to the gravity acceleration vector. This information is integrated with signals from semicircular canals, vision, and proprioception in an ensemble of interconnected brain areas, including the vestibular nuclei, cerebellum, thalamus, insula, retroinsula, parietal operculum, and temporo-parietal junction, in the so-called vestibular network. Classical views consider this stage of multisensory integration as instrumental to sort out conflicting and/or ambiguous information from the incoming sensory signals. However, there is compelling evidence that it also contributes to an internal representation of gravity effects based on prior experience with the environment. This a priori knowledge could be engaged by various types of information, including sensory signals like the visual ones, which lack a direct correspondence with physical gravity. Indeed, the retinal accelerations elicited by gravitational motion in a visual scene are not invariant, but scale with viewing distance. Moreover, the "visual" gravity vector may not be aligned with physical gravity, as when we watch a scene on a tilted monitor or in weightlessness. This review will discuss experimental evidence from behavioral, neuroimaging (connectomics, fMRI, TMS), and patients' studies, supporting the idea that the internal model estimating the effects of gravity on visual objects is constructed by transforming the vestibular estimates of physical gravity, which are computed in the brainstem and cerebellum, into internalized estimates of virtual gravity, stored in the vestibular cortex. The integration of the internal model of gravity with visual and non-visual signals would take place at multiple levels in the cortex and might involve recurrent connections between early visual areas engaged in the analysis of spatio-temporal features of the visual stimuli and higher visual areas in temporo-parietal-insular regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Delle Monache
- UniCamillus—Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Iole Indovina
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Myrka Zago
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Center for Space Biomedicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Civil and Computer Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Daprati
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Center for Space Biomedicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Lacquaniti
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Center for Space Biomedicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Bosco
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Center for Space Biomedicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|