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Zhao W, Zhu Q, Wu X, Zhao D. The development of catalysts and auxiliaries for the synthesis of covalent organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 38895859 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00908d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently seen significant advancements. Large quantities of structurally & functionally oriented COFs with a wide range of applications, such as gas adsorption, catalysis, separation, and drug delivery, have been explored. Recent achievements in this field are primarily focused on advancing synthetic methodologies, with catalysts playing a crucial role in achieving highly crystalline COF materials, particularly those featuring novel linkages and chemistry. A series of reviews have already been published over the last decade, covering the fundamentals, synthesis, and applications of COFs. However, despite the pivotal role that catalysts and auxiliaries play in forming COF materials and adjusting their properties (e.g., crystallinity, porosity, stability, and morphology), limited attention has been devoted to these essential components. In this Critical Review, we mainly focus on the state-of-the-art progress of catalysts and auxiliaries applied to the synthesis of COFs. The catalysts include four categories: acid catalysts, base catalysts, transition-metal catalysts, and other catalysts. The auxiliaries, such as modulators, oxygen, and surfactants, are discussed as well. This is then followed by the description of several specific applications derived from the utilization of catalysts and auxiliaries. Lastly, a perspective on the major challenges and opportunities associated with catalysts and auxiliaries is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
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2
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Wang Y, Qiao Z, Li H, Zhang R, Xiang Z, Cao D, Wang S. Molecular Engineering for Modulating Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of Fully Conjugated 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404726. [PMID: 38622997 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently shown great potential for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Currently almost all reports are focused on two-dimensional (2D) COFs, while the 3D counterparts are rarely explored due to their non-conjugated frameworks derived from the sp3 carbon based tetrahedral building blocks. Here, we rationally designed and synthesized a series of fully conjugated 3D COFs by using the saddle-shaped cyclooctatetrathiophene derivative as the building block. Through molecular engineering strategies, we thoroughly discussed the influences of key factors including the donor-acceptor structure, hydrophilicity, specific surface areas, as well as the conjugated/non-conjugated structures on their photocatalytic hydrogen evolution properties. The as-synthesized fully conjugated 3D COFs could generate the hydrogen up to 40.36 mmol h-1 g-1. This is the first report on intrinsic metal-free 3D COFs in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution application. Our work provides insight on the structure design of 3D COFs for highly-efficient photocatalysis, and also reveals that the semiconducting fully conjugated 3D COFs could be a useful platform in clear energy-related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zelong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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3
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Cheng J, Wang W, Zhang J, Wan S, Cheng B, Yu J, Cao S. Molecularly Tunable Heterostructured Co-Polymers Containing Electron-Deficient and -Rich Moieties for Visible-Light and Sacrificial-Agent-Free H 2O 2 Photosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202406310. [PMID: 38712550 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
As an alternative to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production by complex anthraquinone oxidation process, photosynthesis of H2O2 from water and oxygen without sacrificial agents is highly demanded. Herein, a covalently connected molecular heterostructure is synthesized via sequential C-H arylation and Knoevenagel polymerization reactions for visible-light and sacrificial-agent-free H2O2 synthesis. The subsequent copolymerization of the electron-deficient benzodithiophene-4,8-dione (BTD) and the electron-rich biphenyl (B) and p-phenylenediacetonitrile (CN) not only expands the π-conjugated domain but also increases the molecular dipole moment, which largely promotes the separation and transfer of the photoinduced charge carriers. The optimal heterostructured BTDB-CN0.2 manifested an impressive photocatalytic H2O2 production rate of 1920 μmol g-1 h-1, which is 2.2 and 11.6 times that of BTDB and BTDCN. As revealed by the femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) and theoretical calculations, the linkage serves as a channel for the rapid transfer of photogenerated charge carriers, enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency. Further, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) uncovers that the oxygen reduction reaction occurs through the step one-electron pathway and the mutual conversion between C=O and C-OH with the anchoring of H+ during the catalysis favored the formation of H2O2. This work provides a novel perspective for the design of efficient organic photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Hubei Technology Innovation Center for Advanced Composites, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Hubei Technology Innovation Center for Advanced Composites, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, Wuhan, 430078, P. R. China
| | - Sijie Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Hubei Technology Innovation Center for Advanced Composites, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Bei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Hubei Technology Innovation Center for Advanced Composites, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jiaguo Yu
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, Wuhan, 430078, P. R. China
| | - Shaowen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Hubei Technology Innovation Center for Advanced Composites, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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4
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Zhang B, Gao H, Kang Y, Li X, Li Q, Zhai P, Hildebrandt D, Liu X, Wang Y, Qiao S. Molecular and Heterojunction Device Engineering of Solution-Processed Conjugated Reticular Oligomers: Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution through High-Effective Exciton Separation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308535. [PMID: 38454537 PMCID: PMC11095168 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) face limited processability challenges as photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemical water reduction. Herein, sub-10 nm benzothiazole-based colloidal conjugated reticular oligomers (CROs) are synthesized using an aqueous nanoreactor approach, and the end-capping molecular strategy to engineer electron-deficient units onto the periphery of a CRO nanocrystalline lattices (named CROs-Cg). This results in stable and processable "electronic inks" for flexible photoelectrodes. CRO-BtzTp-Cg and CRO-TtzTp-Cg expand the absorption spectrum into the infrared region and improve fluorescence lifetimes. Heterojunction device engineering is used to develop interlayer heterojunction and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photoelectrodes with a hole transport layer, electron transport layer, and the main active layers, using a CROs/CROs-Cg or one-dimensional (1D) electron-donating polymer HP18 mixed solution via spinning coating. The ITO/CuI/CRO-TtzTp-Cg-HP18/SnO2/Pt photoelectrode shows a photocurrent of 94.9 µA cm‒2 at 0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), which is 47.5 times higher than that of ITO/Bulk-TtzTp. Density functional theory calculations show reduced energy barriers for generating adsorbed H* intermediates and increased electron affinity in CROs-Cg. Mott-Schottky and charge density difference analyses indicate enhanced charge carrier densities and accelerated charge transfer kinetics in BHJ devices. This study lays the groundwork for large-scale production of COF nanomembranes and heterojunction structures, offering the potential for cost-effective, printable energy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boying Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018China
- Department of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentUniversity of JohannesburgDoornfontein2028South Africa
| | - Huimin Gao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018China
| | - Yazhou Kang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018China
| | - Pengda Zhai
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018China
| | - Diane Hildebrandt
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew Jersey08854USA
| | - Xinying Liu
- Institute for Catalysis and Energy SolutionsUniversity of South AfricaFlorida1709South Africa
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018China
| | - Shanlin Qiao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018China
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5
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Bommakanti S, Nath S, Panda R, Panda SN, Mohapatra J, Puthukkudi A, Rajput CV, Anwar S, Das R, Biswal BP. Octupolar Cyclotriphosphazene-Cored Self-Standing Covalent Organic Framework Membranes as Nonlinear Optical Materials: Impact of Linkage Types and Material Forms. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:4965-4975. [PMID: 38690787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated and processable self-standing vinylene-linked covalent organic framework membranes (COFMs) are highly demanding for photonics and optoelectronics. In this work, we have fabricated the first cyclotriphosphazene (CTP) cored vinylene-linked self-standing COFM (CTP-PDAN). For comparison purposes, we have successfully fabricated the imine-linked congener (CTP-PDA). Leveraging the inherent nonlinear optical (NLO) response of the CTP core, both membranes were directly mounted to evaluate NLO parameters using the open-aperture (OA) Z-scan technique. Direct measurement of NLO responses on membranes is advantageous and free from solvent and scattering effects, making it a more practical approach compared to the conventional dispersion mode. The OA Z-scan transmission yields a reverse saturable absorption signature exhibiting a higher NLO absorption coefficient (β) of 58.37 cm/GW for CTP-PDAN, compared to that of the imine-linked CTP-PDA COFM (β = 8.5 cm/GW). These results can be correlated to the efficient conjugation through the vinylene linkage in CTP-PDAN compared to the imine linked congener.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Bommakanti
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Satyapriya Nath
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Rudrashish Panda
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Sankalpa N Panda
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Jeebanjyoti Mohapatra
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Adithyan Puthukkudi
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Chetan V Rajput
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Sharmistha Anwar
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
| | - Ritwick Das
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
- Optics and Photonics Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Bishnu P Biswal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
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6
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Fu GE, Yang H, Zhao W, Samorì P, Zhang T. 2D Conjugated Polymer Thin Films for Organic Electronics: Opportunities and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311541. [PMID: 38551322 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
2D conjugated polymers (2DCPs) possess extended in-plane π-conjugated lattice and out-of-plane π-π stacking, which results in enhanced electronic performance and potentially unique band structures. These properties, along with predesignability, well-defined channels, easy postmodification, and order structure attract extensive attention from material science to organic electronics. In this review, the recent advance in the interfacial synthesis and conductivity tuning strategies of 2DCP thin films, as well as their application in organic electronics is summarized. Furthermore, it is shown that, by combining topology structure design and targeted conductivity adjustment, researchers have fabricated 2DCP thin films with predesigned active groups, highly ordered structures, and enhanced conductivity. These films exhibit great potential for various thin-film organic electronics, such as organic transistors, memristors, electrochromism, chemiresistors, and photodetectors. Finally, the future research directions and perspectives of 2DCPs are discussed in terms of the interfacial synthetic design and structure engineering for the fabrication of fully conjugated 2DCP thin films, as well as the functional manipulation of conductivity to advance their applications in future organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-En Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Wenkai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
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Gu CC, Ni CQ, Wu RJ, Deng L, Zou J, Li H, Tong CY, Xu FH, Weng BC, Zhu RL. Donor-acceptor moiety functionalized covalent organic frameworks for boosting charge separation and H 2 photogeneration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 658:450-458. [PMID: 38118191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have a broad prospect to be used as a photocatalytic platform to convert solar energy into valuable chemicals due to their tunable structures and rich active catalytic sites. However, constructing COFs with tuned sp2-carbon donor-acceptor moiety remains an enormous challenge. Herein, we synthesized two new fully π-conjugated cyano-ethylene-linked COFs containing benzotrithiophene as functional group by Knoevenagel polycondensation reaction. The accetpor 2,2'-bipyridine unit in BTT-BpyDAN-COF skeleton favored the formation of a intermolecular specific electron transport pathway with the donor benzotrithiophene, and thereby promoted charge separation and transfer efficiency. Specifically, a donor-acceptor (D-A) type BTT-BpyDAN-COF exhibited high hydrogen evolution rate of 10.1 mmol g-1h-1 and an excellent apparent quantum efficiency of 4.83 % under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Cheng Gu
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chen-Quan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Run-Juan Wu
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lu Deng
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hao Li
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chun-Yi Tong
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Feng-Hua Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bai-Cheng Weng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Ri-Long Zhu
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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8
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Zheng X, Qiu W, Cui J, Liu H, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhao Y. Donor-Acceptor Interactions Enhanced Colorimetric Sensors for Both Acid and Base Vapor Based on Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303004. [PMID: 38189555 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Due to the high surface area and uniform porosity of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), they exhibit superior properties in capturing and detecting even trace amounts of gases in the air. However, the COFs materials that possess dual detected functionality are still less reported. Here, an imine-based COF containing thiophene as a donor and triazine as an acceptor to form spatial-distribution-defined D-A structures was prepared. D-A system between thiophene and triazine facilitates the charge transfer process during the protonation process of the imine and the triazine units. The obtained COF exhibits simultaneous sensing ability toward both acidic and alkaline vapors with obvious colorimetric sensing functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhan Zheng
- College of Polymer and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Wenqi Qiu
- College of Polymer and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Cui
- College of Polymer and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Polymer and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yunzheng Zhao
- College of Polymer and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- College of Polymer and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxiu Zhang
- College of Polymer and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- College of Polymer and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042, Qingdao, P. R. China
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9
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Zarei A, Khosropour A, Khazdooz L, Amirjalayer S, Khojastegi A, Zadehnazari A, Zhao Y, Abbaspourrad A. Substitution and Orientation Effects on the Crystallinity and PFAS Adsorption of Olefin-Linked 2D COFs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9483-9494. [PMID: 38319251 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Solid phase adsorbents with high removal affinity for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aqueous environments are sought. We report the synthesis and investigation of COF-I, a new covalent organic framework (COF) with a good affinity for PFAS adsorption. COF-I was synthesized by the condensation reaction between 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine and 2,3-dimethoxyterephthaldehyde and fully characterized. In addition to the high crystallinity and surface area, COF-I showed high hydrolytic and thermal stability. Further, we converted its hydrophobic surface to a hydrophilic surface by converting the ortho-methoxy groups to hydroxyl derivatives and produced a new hydrophilic olefin-linked two-dimensional (2D) COF. We experimentally measured the crystallinity of both COFs by X-ray diffraction and used atomistic simulations coupled with cross-polarization/magic angle spinning solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS ssNMR) to determine the relative amounts of AA-stacking and AB-stacking present. COF-I, with its hydrophobic surface and methoxy groups in the ortho positions, showed the best PFAS adsorption. COF-I reduced the concentration of perfluorooctanoic acid from 20 to 0.069 μg L-1 and to 0.052 μg L-1 for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid. These amounts are lower than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency advisory level (0.070 μg L-1). High efficiency, fast kinetic adsorption, and reusability of COF-I are advantages of COF-I for PFAS removal from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Zarei
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ahmadreza Khosropour
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Leila Khazdooz
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Saeed Amirjalayer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institute for Solid State Theory, Center for Nanotechnology and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Anahita Khojastegi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Amin Zadehnazari
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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10
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Ren Y, Xu Y. Recent advances in two-dimensional polymers: synthesis, assembly and energy-related applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1823-1869. [PMID: 38192222 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00782k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) are a class of 2D crystalline polymer materials with definite structures, which have outstanding physical-chemical and electronic properties. They cleverly link organic building units through strong covalent bonds and can construct functional 2DPs through reasonable design and selection of different monomer units to meet various application requirements. As promising energy materials, 2DPs have developed rapidly in recent years. This review first introduces the basic overview of 2DPs, such as their historical development, inherent 2D characteristics and diversified topological advantages, followed by the summary of the typical 2DP synthesis methods recently (including "top-down" and "bottom-up" methods). The latest research progress in assembly and processing of 2DPs and the energy-related applications in energy storage and conversion are also discussed. Finally, we summarize and prospect the current research status, existing challenges, and future research directions of 2DPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Ren
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuxi Xu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Wang CY, Chang HE, Wang CY, Kurioka T, Chen CY, Mark Chang TF, Sone M, Hsu YJ. Manipulation of interfacial charge dynamics for metal-organic frameworks toward advanced photocatalytic applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1039-1058. [PMID: 38356624 PMCID: PMC10866133 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Compared to other known materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have the highest surface area and the lowest densities; as a result, MOFs are advantageous in numerous technological applications, especially in the area of photocatalysis. Photocatalysis shows tantalizing potential to fulfill global energy demands, reduce greenhouse effects, and resolve environmental contamination problems. To exploit highly active photocatalysts, it is important to determine the fate of photoexcited charge carriers and identify the most decisive charge transfer pathway. Methods to modulate charge dynamics and manipulate carrier behaviors may pave a new avenue for the intelligent design of MOF-based photocatalysts for widespread applications. By summarizing the recent developments in the modulation of interfacial charge dynamics for MOF-based photocatalysts, this minireview can deliver inspiring insights to help researchers harness the merits of MOFs and create versatile photocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300093 Taiwan
| | - Huai-En Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300093 Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300093 Taiwan
| | - Tomoyuki Kurioka
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Chun-Yi Chen
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Tso-Fu Mark Chang
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Masato Sone
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Yung-Jung Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300093 Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300093 Taiwan
- International Research Frontiers Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
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12
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Samajdar S, Golda A S, Lakhera SK, Ghosh S. Recent progress in chromium removal from wastewater using covalent organic frameworks - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141028. [PMID: 38142883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer a pivotal solution to urgently address heavy metal removal from wastewater due to their exceptional attributes such as high adsorption capacity, tunable porosity, controllable energy band structures, superior photocatalytic performance, and high stability-reusability. Despite these advantages, COFs encounter certain challenges, including inefficient utilization of visible light, rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers, and limited access to active sites due to close stacking. To enhance the photocatalytic and adsorptive performance of COF-based catalysts, various modification strategies have been reported, with a particular focus on molecular design, structural regulation, and heterostructure engineering. This review comprehensively explores recent advancements in COF-based photocatalytic and adsorptive materials for chromium removal from wastewater, addressing kinetics, mechanisms, and key influencing factors. Additionally, it sheds light on the influence of chemical composition and functional groups of COFs on the efficiency of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumita Samajdar
- CSIR - Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Raja S. C, Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shiny Golda A
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Lakhera
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Srabanti Ghosh
- CSIR - Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Raja S. C, Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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13
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Fu G, Yang D, Xu S, Li S, Zhao Y, Yang H, Wu D, Petkov PS, Lan ZA, Wang X, Zhang T. Construction of Thiadiazole-Bridged sp 2-Carbon-Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks with Diminished Excitation Binding Energy Toward Superior Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1318-1325. [PMID: 38181378 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Sp2-carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks (sp2c-COFs) have emerged as promising platforms for phototo-chemical energy conversion due to their tailorable optoelectronic properties, in-plane π-conjugations, and robust structures. However, the development of sp2c-COFs in photocatalysis is still highly hindered by their limited linkage chemistry. Herein, we report a novel thiadiazole-bridged sp2c-COF (sp2c-COF-ST) synthesized by thiadiazole-mediated aldol-type polycondensation. The resultant sp2c-COF-ST demonstrates high chemical stability under strong acids and bases (12 M HCl or 12 M NaOH). The electro-deficient thiadiazole together with fully conjugated and planar skeleton endows sp2c-COF-ST with superior photoelectrochemical performance and charge-carrier separation and migration ability. As a result, when employed as a photocathode, sp2c-COF-ST exhibits a significant photocurrent up to ∼14.5 μA cm-2 at 0.3 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under visible-light irradiation (>420 nm), which is much higher than those analogous COFs with partial imine linkages (mix-COF-SNT ∼ 9.5 μA cm-2) and full imine linkages (imi-COF-SNNT ∼ 4.9 μA cm-2), emphasizing the importance of the structure-property relationships. Further temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the sp2c-COF-ST has smaller exciton binding energy as well as effective mass in comparison to mix-COF-SNT and imi-COF-SNNT, which suggests that the sp2c-conjugated skeleton enhances the exciton dissociation and carrier migration under light irradiation. This work highlights the design and preparation of thiadiazole-bridged sp2c-COFs with promising photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Denghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shunqi Xu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Shengxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Daheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Petko Stoev Petkov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
| | - Zhi-An Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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14
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Yang L, Chen Z, Cao Q, Liao H, Gao J, Zhang L, Wei W, Li H, Lu J. Structural Regulation of Photocatalyst to Optimize Hydroxyl Radical Production Pathways for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Oxidation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306758. [PMID: 37865887 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Ring-opening of phenol in wastewater is the pivotal step in photocatalytic degradation. The highly selective generation of catalytical active species (•OH) to facilitate this process presents a significant scientific challenge. Therefore, a novel approach for designing photocatalysts with single-atom containment in metal-covalent organic frameworks (M-COFs) is proposed. The selection of imine-linked COFs containing abundant N and O-chelate sites provides a solid foundation for anchoring metal atom. These dispersed metal atom possess rapid accumulation and transfer capabilities for photogenerated electrons, while the periodic π-conjugated structure in 2D-COFs establishes an effective platform. Additionally, the Lewis acid properties of imine bonds in COFs can enhance the adsorption capacity toward gases with Lewis base properties, such as O2 and N2 . It is demonstrated that the Pd2+ @Tp-TAPT, designed based on this concept, exhibits efficient oxygen adsorption and follows the reaction pathway of O2 →•O2 - →H2 O2 →•OH with high selectivity, thereby achieving completely degradation of refractory phenol through photocatalysis within 10 min. It is anticipated that the selective generation of catalytic active species via advanced material design concepts will serve as a significant reference for achieving precise material catalysis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujun Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhengxi Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Huarong Liao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jin Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Long Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Wanyu Wei
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- National Center of International Research on Intelligent New Nanomaterials and Detection Technologies in Environmental Protection, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jianmei Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- National Center of International Research on Intelligent New Nanomaterials and Detection Technologies in Environmental Protection, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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15
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Zhao W, Fu GE, Yang H, Zhang T. Two-Dimensional Conjugated Polymers: a New Choice For Organic Thin-Film Transistors. Chem Asian J 2023:e202301076. [PMID: 38151907 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) as a vital component among transistors have shown great potential in smart sensing, flexible displays, and bionics due to their flexibility, biocompatibility and customizable chemical structures. Even though linear conjugated polymer semiconductors are common for constructing channel materials of OTFTs, advanced materials with high charge carrier mobility, tunable band structure, robust stability, and clear structure-property relationship are indispensable for propelling the evolution of OTFTs. Two-dimensional conjugated polymers (2DCPs), featured with conjugated lattice, tailorable skeletons, and functional porous structures, match aforementioned criteria closely. In this review, we firstly introduce the synthesis of 2DCP thin films, focusing on their characteristics compatible with the channels of OTFTs. Subsequently, the physics and operating mechanisms of OTFTs and the applications of 2DCPs in OTFTs are summarized in detail. Finally, the outlook and perspective in the field of OTFTs using 2DCPs are provided as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Zhao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, 315201, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-En Fu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, 315201, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, 315201, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, 315201, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
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16
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Xia Y, Zhang W, Yang S, Wang L, Yu G. Research Progress in Donor-Acceptor Type Covalent Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301190. [PMID: 37094607 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are new organic porous materials constructed by covalent bonds, with the advantages of pre-designable topology, adjustable pore size, and abundant active sites. Many research studies have shown that COFs exhibit great potential in gas adsorption, molecular separation, catalysis, drug delivery, energy storage, etc. However, the electrons and holes of intrinsic COF are prone to compounding in transport, and the carrier lifetime is short. The donor-acceptor (D-A) type COFs, which are synthesized by introducing D and A units into the COFs backbone, combine separated electron and hole migration pathway, tunable band gap and optoelectronic properties of D-A type polymers with the unique advantages of COFs and have made great progress in related research in recent years. Here, the synthetic strategies of D-A type COFs are first outlined, including the rational design of linkages and D-A units as well as functionalization approaches. Then the applications of D-A type COFs in catalytic reactions, photothermal therapy, and electronic materials are systematically summarized. In the final section, the current challenges, and new directions for the development of D-A type COFs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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17
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Wang T, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Chen Y, Cheng P, Zhang Z. Olefin-linked covalent organic frameworks: synthesis and applications. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15178-15192. [PMID: 37461388 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01684f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high specific porosity, easy functionalization, and tailored structure are an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers that have been extensively exploited as ideal materials in various fields. Among them, sp2-carbon linked COFs with high chemical stability, porous backbone, and unique π-electron conjugated architectures structure have raised widespread attention. Specifically, the porous channels of olefin-linked COFs could be packed with active sites for catalysis and guest molecules, while π-π stacking interactions and conjugation systems pave the way for electron transfer. In recent years, many efforts have been devoted to the development of sp2-carbon linked COFs for applications in catalysis, energy storage, gas adsorption, and separation. In this review, we highlight the design principles, synthesis strategies, and impactful applications of olefin-linked COFs. We are looking forward to this review to deepen the understanding of the synthesis of olefin-linked COFs and motivate the further development of these novel conjugated organic materials with distinctive physicochemical properties, as well as their applications in a variety of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Yushu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Zhifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Cente, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Cente, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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18
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Qin N, Mao A, Li L, Lin C, Zhai L, Liu J, Zou J, Cui CX, Mi L. Rational Design of Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Modulating Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300872. [PMID: 37466030 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Vinylene-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted enormous attention for photocatalytic H2 evolution from water because of their fully conjugated structures, high chemical stabilities, and enhanced charge-carrier mobilities. In this work, two novel vinylene-linked COFs with tuned cyano contents were successfully synthesized and then employed as photocatalysts for H2 generation. Notably, the photocatalytic H2 production rate of the COF with the higher cyano content reached 73 μmol h-1 under visible light irradiation, which is 2.4 times higher than that with the lower content (30 μmol h-1 ). Both the experimental and computational results demonstrated that the rational design incorporating cyano groups into COF skeletons could precisely tune the corresponding energy levels, expand the visible-light absorption, and improve the photoinduced charge separation. This work not only provides a simple method for modulating the photocatalytic activities of COFs at the molecular level, but also affords interesting insights into the relationship between their structures and photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Qin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Aojie Mao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Linqiang Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Chao Lin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Lipeng Zhai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Zou
- Institute of Energy Research, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330029, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Xing Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Mi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
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19
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Zhu L, Zhang Q, Meng F, Li M, Liang Q, Zhang F. Narrow-Pore Engineering of Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks with Weak Interaction-Triggered Multiple Responses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309125. [PMID: 37646743 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Vinylene-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging as promising crystalline materials, but their narrow pore engineering is severely impeded by the weak reversibility of the carbon-carbon double bond formation reaction, which has led to less exploration of their ultramicroporous structures and properties. Herein, we developed a single aromatic ring-based tetratopic monomer, tetramethylpyrazine, which undergoes a smooth Knoevenegal condensation at its four arylmethly carbon atoms with linear aromatic dialdehyde monomers upon the self-catalyzed activation of pyridine nitrogen-containing monomers in the presence of an organic anhydride. This has resulted in the formation of two vinylene-linked COFs, which both crystallized in orthorhombic lattices, and layered in AA stacking fashions along the vertical directions. They exhibit high surface areas and well-tailored ultramicropore sizes up to 0.5 nm. The unique cross-linking mode at two pairs of para-positions of each pyrazine unit through carbon-carbon double bonds afford them with π-extended conjugation over the in-plane backbones and substantial semiconducting characters. The resultant COFs can be well-dispersed in water to form stable sub-microparticles with negative charges (zeta potentials: ca. -30 mV), and exhibiting tunable aggregation behaviors through protonation/deprotonation. As a consequence, they exhibit pore-size-dependent colorimetric responses to various anions with different pKa values in high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Department of Physics, Shaoxing University, 508 Huanchengxi Road, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fancheng Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qifeng Liang
- Department of Physics, Shaoxing University, 508 Huanchengxi Road, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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20
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Zhu B, Zhu L, Deng S, Wan Y, Qin F, Han H, Luo J. A fully π-conjugated covalent organic framework with dual binding sites for ultrasensitive detection and removal of divalent heavy metal ions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132081. [PMID: 37473574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have become a promising candidate for the remediation of heavy metal pollution. However, researches on COF adsorbents still have challenges on maintaining good optical properties and adsorption performance under harsh conditions. Herein, a fully π-conjugated COF with dual binding sites (Bpy-sp2c-COF) is reported for rapid fluorescence recognition and enhanced adsorption towards divalent heavy metal ions. The vinylene-linkage lattice shows strong luminescence and excellent stability in both strong acidity and basicity. Bpy-sp2c-COF demonstrates not only nanomolar-scale detection of divalent heavy metal ions, but also good adsorption capacity (Hg2+ 718.48, Ni2+ 278.64, Cu2+ 260.11, and Co2+ 126.23 mg/g). Experimental and theoretical studies reveal the intramolecular charge transfer as the fluorescence quenching mechanism. Further simulation results demonstrate the cyano and bipyridine groups on the lattice can act as dual binding sites for divalent heavy metal ions. Experimental results confirmed the adsorption capacity of Bpy-sp2c-COF superior to that of COFs with either cyano groups (Hg2+ 415.34, Ni2+ 165.60, Cu2+ 160.55, and Co2+ 73.14 mg/g), or bipyridine groups (Hg2+ 369.25, Ni2+ 133.41, Cu2+ 133.32, and Co2+ 69.23 mg/g). Besides, robust regeneration of the adsorbent could be achieved over 10 cycles. The fully π-conjugated COF with dual binding sites provides a new approach for designing next-generation sensors and adsorbents with excellent performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Longyi Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Shengyuan Deng
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ying Wan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Feng Qin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Haikang Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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21
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Feng XN, Yang Y, Cao X, Wang T, Kong DM, Yin XB, Li B, Bu XH. General Approach to Construct C-C Single Bond-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21284-21292. [PMID: 37703101 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
C-C single bond-linked covalent organic frameworks (CSBL-COFs) are extremely needed because of their excellent stabilities and potential applications in harsh conditions. However, strategies to generate CSBL-COFs are limited to the acetylenic self-homocoupling Glaser-Hay reaction or post-synthetic reduction of vinylene-based COFs. Exploring new strategies to expand the realm of CSBL-COFs is urgently needed but extremely challenging. To address the synthetic challenges, we for the first time developed a general approach via the reaction between aromatic aldehydes and active methyl group-involving monomers with enhanced acidity, which realized the successful construction of a series of CSBL-COFs. As expected, the obtained CSBL-COFs exhibited outstanding chemical stability, which can stabilize in 6 M NaOH, 3 M HCl, boiling water, and 100 mg/mL NaBH4 for at least 3 days. It is important to mention that CSBL-COFs possess a large amount of ionic sites distributed throughout the networks; gentle shaking allowed our COFs to easily self-disperse as nanoparticles and suspend in water for at least 12 h without reprecipitating. As far as we know, such self-dispersed COFs with high water dispersity are rare to date, and few examples are mainly limited to the guanidinium- and pseudorotaxane-based COFs. Our work thus developed a family of self-dispersed COFs for potential applications in different sorts of fields. Our contribution would thus pave a new avenue for constructing a broader class of CSBL-COFs for their wide applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Nan Feng
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xuejie Cao
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - De-Ming Kong
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Bo Yin
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Baiyan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xian-He Bu
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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22
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Yue JY, Song LP, Fan YF, Pan ZX, Yang P, Ma Y, Xu Q, Tang B. Thiophene-Containing Covalent Organic Frameworks for Overall Photocatalytic H 2 O 2 Synthesis in Water and Seawater. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309624. [PMID: 37526096 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
H2 O2 is a significant chemical widely utilized in the environmental and industrial fields, with growing global demand. Without sacrificial agents, simultaneous photocatalyzed H2 O2 synthesis through the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and water oxidation reaction (WOR) dual channels from seawater is green and sustainable but still challenging. Herein, two novel thiophene-containing covalent organic frameworks (TD-COF and TT-COF) were first constructed and served as catalysts for H2 O2 synthesis via indirect 2e- ORR and direct 2e- WOR channels. The photocatalytic H2 O2 production performance can be regulated by adjusting the N-heterocycle modules (pyridine and triazine) in COFs. Notably, with no sacrificial agents, just using air and water as raw materials, TD-COF exhibited high H2 O2 production yields of 4060 μmol h-1 g-1 and 3364 μmol h-1 g-1 in deionized water and natural seawater, respectively. Further computational mechanism studies revealed that the thiophene was the primary photoreduction unit for ORR, while the benzene ring (linked to the thiophene by the imine bond) was the central photooxidation unit for WOR. The current work exploits thiophene-containing COFs for overall photocatalytic H2 O2 synthesis via ORR and WOR dual channels and provides fresh insight into creating innovative catalysts for photocatalyzing H2 O2 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Yu Yue
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ping Song
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Fei Fan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Xian Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ma
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, P. R. China
- Laoshan Laboratory, 266200, Qingdao, P. R. China
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23
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Zhang F, Dong X, Wang Y, Lang X. Design and Synthesis of a Triazine-Based sp 2 Carbon-Conjugated Covalent Organic Framework for Blue Light Photocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302456. [PMID: 37196416 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fully conjugated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can exhibit great potential in semiconductor photocatalysis. But their syntheses remain elusive due to the low reversibility of vinylene linkage. Herein, by tuning the amount of base and temperature, a novel triazine-based sp2 carbon-conjugated COF (TA-sp2 c-COF) is successfully constructed over Cs2 CO3 . Besides, the influence of modulating factors on the chemical and optoelectronic properties of TA-sp2 c-COF is thoroughly investigated. TA-sp2 c-COF adopts an eclipsed AA stacking structure with uniform micropores (1.4 nm). The blue light photocatalysis of the highly crystalline TA-sp2 c-COF is established for the selective oxidative coupling of amines with oxygen, and the predominant role of superoxide is identified in forming imines. This work foretells that meticulous modulation of reaction conditions is the key to constructing sp2 carbon-conjugated COFs toward solar photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Zhang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaoyun Dong
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuexin Wang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xianjun Lang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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24
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Yu H, Liao Z, Paasch S, Xu S, Zhao R, Brunner E, Bonn M, Wang HI, Heine T, Wang M, Mai Y, Feng X. A Thiophene Backbone Enables Two-Dimensional Poly(arylene vinylene)s with High Charge Carrier Mobility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305978. [PMID: 37271733 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Linear conjugated polymers have attracted significant attention in organic electronics in recent decades. However, despite intrachain π-delocalization, interchain hopping is their transport bottleneck. In contrast, two-dimensional (2D) conjugated polymers, as represented by 2D π-conjugated covalent organic frameworks (2D c-COFs), can provide multiple conjugated strands to enhance the delocalization of charge carriers in space. Herein, we demonstrate the first example of thiophene-based 2D poly(arylene vinylene)s (PAVs, 2DPAV-BDT-BT and 2DPAV-BDT-BP, BDT=benzodithiophene, BT=bithiophene, BP=biphenyl) via Knoevenagel polycondensation. Compared with 2DPAV-BDT-BP, the fully thiophene-based 2DPAV-BDT-BT exhibits enhanced planarity and π-delocalization with a small band gap (1.62 eV) and large electronic band dispersion, as revealed by the optical absorption and density functional calculations. Remarkably, temperature-dependent terahertz spectroscopy discloses a unique band-like transport and outstanding room-temperature charge mobility for 2DPAV-BDT-BT (65 cm2 V-1 s-1 ), which far exceeds that of the linear PAVs, 2DPAV-BDT-BP, and the reported 2D c-COFs in the powder form. This work highlights the great potential of thiophene-based 2D PAVs as candidates for high-performance opto-electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heng Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hongde Yu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhongquan Liao
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (IKTS), 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - Silvia Paasch
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shunqi Xu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ruyan Zhao
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eike Brunner
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Forschungsstelle Leipzig, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Mingchao Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, (Germany)
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25
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Wan Y, Sun P, Shi L, Yan X, Zhang X. Three-Dimensional Fully Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Photocatalytic Water Splitting. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7411-7420. [PMID: 37578869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising photocatalysts for water splitting, but their efficiency lags behind that of inorganic counterparts partly due to the limited charge transport and optical absorption properties. To overcome this limitation, we proposed to employ three-dimensional (3D) fully conjugated (FC) COFs with a topological assembly of cyclooctatetraene derivatives for photocatalytic water splitting. On the basis of first-principles calculations, we demonstrated that these 3D FC-COFs are semiconductors with exceptional charge transport and optical absorption properties. The carrier mobilities are comparable to those of inorganic semiconductors and superior to the record mobility observed in two-dimensional COFs. Additionally, the 3D FC-COFs exhibit broad visible light absorption with direct band gaps and high optical absorption coefficients. Among them, two 3D FC-COFs are identified for overall water splitting, while three others can facilitate the hydrogen evolution half-reaction. This study pioneers the design of 3D FC-COF photocatalysts, potentially advancing their applications in photocatalysis and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Pengting Sun
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Lebin Shi
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330-8268, United States
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26
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He T, Zhao Y. Covalent Organic Frameworks for Energy Conversion in Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303086. [PMID: 37093128 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Intensifying energy crises and severe environmental issues have led to the discovery of renewable energy sources, sustainable energy conversion, and storage technologies. Photocatalysis is a green technology that converts eco-friendly solar energy into high-energy chemicals. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous materials constructed by covalent bonds that show promising potential for converting solar energy into chemicals owing to their pre-designable structures, high crystallinity, and porosity. Herein, we highlight recent progress in the synthesis of COF-based photocatalysts and their applications in water splitting, CO2 reduction, and H2 O2 production. The challenges and future opportunities for the rational design of COFs for advanced photocatalysts are discussed. This Review is expected to promote further development of COFs toward photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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27
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Hou Y, Liu F, Nie C, Li Z, Tong M. Boosting Exciton Dissociation and Charge Transfer in Triazole-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks by Increasing the Donor Unit from One to Two for the Efficient Photocatalytic Elimination of Emerging Contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11675-11686. [PMID: 37486062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
As novel photocatalysts, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have potential for water purification. Insufficient exciton dissociation and low charge mobility in COFs yet restricted their photocatalytic activity. Excitonic dissociation and charge transfer in COFs could be optimized via regulating the donor-acceptor (D-A) interactions through adjusting the number of donor units within COFs, yet relevant research is lacking. By integrating the 1,2,4-triazole or bis-1,2,4-triazole unit with quinone, we fabricated COF-DT (with a single donor unit) and COF-DBT (with double donor units) via a facile sonochemical method and used to decontaminate emerging contaminants. Due to the stronger D-A interactions than COF-DT, the exciton binding energy was lower for COF-DBT, facilitating the intermolecular charge transfer process. The degradation kinetics of tetracycline (model contaminant) by COF-DBT (k = (12.21 ± 1.29) × 10-2 min-1) was higher than that by COF-DT (k = (5.11 ± 0.59) × 10-2 min-1) under visible-light irradiation. COF-DBT could efficiently photodegrade tetracycline under complex water chemistry conditions and four real water samples. Moreover, six other emerging contaminants, both Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, could also be effectively eliminated by COF-DBT. High tetracycline degradation performance achieved in a continuous-flow system and in five reused cycles in both laboratory and outdoor experiments with sunlight irradiation showed the stability and the potential for the practical application of COF-DBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Fuyang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chenyi Nie
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhengmao Li
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Meiping Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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28
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Yan H, Kou Z, Li S, Zhang T. Synthesis of sp 2 Carbon-Conjugated Covalent Organic Framework Thin-Films via Copper-Surface-Mediated Knoevenagel Polycondensation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207972. [PMID: 37129557 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
sp2 carbon-conjugated covalent organic framework (sp2 c-COF) featured with high π-conjugation, high chemical stabilities, and designable chemical structures, are thus promising for applications including adsorption and separation, optoelectronic devices, and catalysis. For the most of these applications, large-area and continuous films are required. However, due to the needs of harsh conditions in the formation of CC bonds, classical interfacial methodologies are challenged in the synthesis of sp2 c-COFs films. Herein, a novel and robust interfacial method namely copper-surface-mediated Knoevenagel polycondensation (Cu-SMKP), is shown for scalable synthesis of sp2 c-COF films on various Cu substrates. Using this approach, large-area and continuous sp2 c-COF films could be prepared on various complicated Cu surfaces with thickness from tens to hundreds of nanometers. The resultant sp2 c-COF films on Cu substrate could be used directly as functional electrode for extraction of uranium from spiked seawater, which gives an exceptionally uptake capacity of 2475 mg g-1 . These results delineate significant synthetic advances in sp2 c-COF films and implemented them as functional electrodes for uranyl capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haokai Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenhui Kou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Shengxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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29
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Shan Z, Wu M, Liu T, Wang J, Chen C, Li S, Su J, Zhang G. Adjusting the Stacking Model of Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks for Volatile Acid Sensing via Spatial Effects. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37433068 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are polymer networks with a precise structure and permanent porosity, making them an attractive platform for the detection of volatile analytes due to their chemical stability and accessible active sites. In this study, based on electron-rich N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)-1,4-benzenediamine moiety, two 2D COFs with different topological structures and stacking models were designed by the strategy of spatial effect. The conductivity of the AB-stacked COF-NUST-20 was an order of magnitude higher than that of the AA-stacked COF-NUST-30. With the protonation of the imine bond, both COFs exhibited a strong, rapid, and reversible visible color change in response to corrosive HCl vapor. In addition, the AB-stacked COF-NUST-20, which facilitates both interlayer and intralayer charge transfer, shows better sensing performance. These findings demonstrate the usefulness of all-aromatic 2D COFs as real-time responsive chemosensors and provide insight into the design of sensing materials with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Jinjian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Congjie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Shufan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Jian Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Gen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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30
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Wang M, Fu S, Petkov P, Fu Y, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Ma J, Chen G, Gali SM, Gao L, Lu Y, Paasch S, Zhong H, Steinrück HP, Cánovas E, Brunner E, Beljonne D, Bonn M, Wang HI, Dong R, Feng X. Exceptionally high charge mobility in phthalocyanine-based poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline)-ladder-type two-dimensional conjugated polymers. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:880-887. [PMID: 37337069 PMCID: PMC10313522 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional conjugated polymers (2DCPs), composed of multiple strands of linear conjugated polymers with extended in-plane π-conjugation, are emerging crystalline semiconducting polymers for organic (opto)electronics. They are represented by two-dimensional π-conjugated covalent organic frameworks, which typically suffer from poor π-conjugation and thus low charge carrier mobilities. Here we overcome this limitation by demonstrating two semiconducting phthalocyanine-based poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline)-ladder-type 2DCPs (2DCP-MPc, with M = Cu or Ni), which are constructed from octaaminophthalocyaninato metal(II) and naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride by polycondensation under solvothermal conditions. The 2DCP-MPcs exhibit optical bandgaps of ~1.3 eV with highly delocalized π-electrons. Density functional theory calculations unveil strongly dispersive energy bands with small electron-hole reduced effective masses of ~0.15m0 for the layer-stacked 2DCP-MPcs. Terahertz spectroscopy reveals the band transport of Drude-type free carriers in 2DCP-MPcs with exceptionally high sum mobility of electrons and holes of ~970 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature, surpassing that of the reported linear conjugated polymers and 2DCPs. This work highlights the critical role of effective conjugation in enhancing the charge transport properties of 2DCPs and the great potential of high-mobility 2DCPs for future (opto)electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shuai Fu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Petko Petkov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
| | - Zhitao Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yannan Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
| | - Guangbo Chen
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sai Manoj Gali
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Lei Gao
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yang Lu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
| | - Silvia Paasch
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Haixia Zhong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Enrique Cánovas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eike Brunner
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany.
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31
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Yang H, Hao M, Xie Y, Liu X, Liu Y, Chen Z, Wang X, Waterhouse GIN, Ma S. Tuning Local Charge Distribution in Multicomponent Covalent Organic Frameworks for Dramatically Enhanced Photocatalytic Uranium Extraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: doi.org/10.1002/ange.202303129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 P.R. China
| | - Mengjie Hao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 P.R. China
| | - Yinghui Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 P.R. China
| | - Xiaolu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 P.R. China
| | - Zhongshan Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 P.R. China
| | - Xiangke Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 P.R. China
| | | | - Shengqian Ma
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas Denton TX-76201 USA
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32
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Zhang L, Wang N, Li Y. Design, synthesis, and application of some two-dimensional materials. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5266-5290. [PMID: 37234883 PMCID: PMC10208047 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00487b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are widely used as key components in the fields of energy conversion and storage, optoelectronics, catalysis, biomedicine, etc. To meet the practical needs, molecular structure design and aggregation process optimization have been systematically carried out. The intrinsic correlation between preparation methods and the characteristic properties is investigated. This review summarizes the recent research achievements of 2D materials in the aspect of molecular structure modification, aggregation regulation, characteristic properties, and device applications. The design strategies to fabricate functional 2D materials starting from precursor molecules are introduced in detail referring to organic synthetic chemistry and self-assembly technology. It provides important research ideas for the design and synthesis of related materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University 27 Shanda Nanlu Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University 27 Shanda Nanlu Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University 27 Shanda Nanlu Jinan 250100 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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33
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Sun B, Wang X, Ye Z, Zhang J, Chen X, Zhou N, Zhang M, Yao C, Wu F, Shen J. Designing Single-Atom Active Sites on sp 2 -Carbon Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks to Induce Bacterial Ferroptosis-Like for Robust Anti-Infection Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207507. [PMID: 36847061 PMCID: PMC10161020 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
With the threat posed by drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria, developing non-antibiotic strategies for eradicating clinically prevalent superbugs remains challenging. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of regulated cell death that can overcome drug resistance. Emerging evidence shows the potential of triggering ferroptosis-like for antibacterial therapy, but the direct delivery of iron species is inefficient and may cause detrimental effects. Herein, an effective strategy to induce bacterial nonferrous ferroptosis-like by coordinating single-atom metal sites (e.g., Ir and Ru) into the sp2 -carbon-linked covalent organic framework (sp2 c-COF-Ir-ppy2 and sp2 c-COF-Ru-bpy2 ) is reported. Upon activating by light irradiation or hydrogen peroxide, the as-constructed Ir and Ru single-atom catalysts (SACs) can significantly expedite intracellular reactive oxygen species burst, enhance glutathione depletion-related glutathione peroxidase 4 deactivation, and disturb the nitrogen and respiratory metabolisms, leading to lipid peroxidation-driven ferroptotic damage. Both SAC inducers show potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, clinically isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and biofilms, as well as excellent biocompatibility and strong therapeutic and preventive potential in MRSA-infected wounds and abscesses. This delicate nonferrous ferroptosis-like strategy may open up new insights into the therapy of drug-resistant pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohong Sun
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xinye Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ziqiu Ye
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Juyang Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ninglin Zhou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Yao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Jian Shen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Interfacial Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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34
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Zhang Y, Liu H, Sun B. High-precision luminescent covalent organic frameworks with sp 2-carbon connection for visual detecting of nereistoxin-related insecticide. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130866. [PMID: 36753911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy for nereistoxin-related insecticide, cartap, detection in foodstuff and the environment is of great importance due to its poisoning of human beings through direct exposure or via biomagnification. Herein, a highly planar conjugated sp2 carbon-connected COF (F-Csp2-TT) was synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation reaction followed by the post-modification to develop a new platform for cartap visual detection in agricultural and food samples. The synergistic effect of highly planar conjugation and dense functional groups in the opened framework endowed F-Csp2-TT with a high-precision luminescence sensing performance. Meanwhile, the exquisitely designed F-Csp2-TT presented robust chemical stability, radiation stability, and good reproducibility. Benefiting from these advantages, high-precision luminescent F-Csp2-TT achieves a low detection limit of 0.51 μg/L to cartap over the range of 1-300 μg/L (R2=0.9938), and the recoveries percentage in food products was calculated as 95.90%- 119.3%. More significantly, the smartphone-based high-precision platform by F-Csp2-TT was established and successfully applied to portable monitoring of cartap and water content. Therefore, our work revealed the enormous potential of Csp2-connected COF, which opened a new situation for insecticide detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), No. 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Liu
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), No. 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baoguo Sun
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), No. 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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35
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Liu H, Zheng X, Xu J, Jia X, Chao M, Wang D, Zhao Y. Structural Regulation of Thiophene-Based Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks toward Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16794-16800. [PMID: 36946700 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two imine-based 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with slight differences in their core structures are presented. The COF containing benzotrithiophene moieties with better planarity and π-conjugation (BTTh-TZ-COF) shows much better photocatalytic activity than the COF with trithienylbenzene cores (TThB-TZ-COF). Further photoelectrochemical study reveals the catalytic mechanism in more detail. Since other factors such as crystallinity, porosity, and optical bandgaps are equal, the different structures of the cores in the two similar COFs are the major contributors to the significantly different photocatalytic performance. The better electron delocalization of the planar trithiophene-based core and the enhanced D-A interactions between the triazine and trithiophene units in BTTh-TZ-COF create efficient charge separation and transfer, thus leading to superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. A new strategy for preparing high-performance organic photocatalysts for solar-energy conversion is revealed by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xuhan Zheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xu Jia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Menghuan Chao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Danbo Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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36
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Guo F, Zhang W, Yang S, Wang L, Yu G. 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks Based on Heteroacene Units. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207876. [PMID: 36703526 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a unique new class of porous materials that arrange building units into periodic ordered frameworks through strong covalent bonds. Accompanied with structural rigidity and well-defined geometry, heteroacene-based COFs have natural advantages in constructing COFs with high stability and crystallinity. Heteroacene-based COFs usually have high physical and chemical properties, and their extended π-conjugation also leads to relatively low energy gap, effectively promoting π-electron delocalization between network units. Owing to excellent electron-withdrawing or -donating ability, heteroacene units have incomparable advantages in the preparation of donor-acceptor type COFs. Therefore, the physicochemical robust and fully conjugated heteroacene-based COFs solve the problem of traditional COFs lacking π-π interaction and chemical stability. In recent years, significant breakthroughs are made in this field, the choice of various linking modes and building blocks has fundamentally ensured the final applications of COFs. It is of great significance to summarize the heteroacene-based COFs for improving its complexity and controllability. This review first introduces the linkages in heteroacene-based COFs, including reversible and irreversible linkages. Subsequently, some representative building blocks are summarized, and their related applications are especially emphasized. Finally, conclusion and perspectives for future research on heteroacene-based COFs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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37
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Tuning excited state electronic structure and charge transport in covalent organic frameworks for enhanced photocatalytic performance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1106. [PMID: 36849444 PMCID: PMC9970987 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent an emerging class of organic photocatalysts. However, their complicated structures lead to indeterminacy about photocatalytic active sites and reaction mechanisms. Herein, we use reticular chemistry to construct a family of isoreticular crystalline hydrazide-based COF photocatalysts, with the optoelectronic properties and local pore characteristics of the COFs modulated using different linkers. The excited state electronic distribution and transport pathways in the COFs are probed using a host of experimental methods and theoretical calculations at a molecular level. One of our developed COFs (denoted as COF-4) exhibits a remarkable excited state electron utilization efficiency and charge transfer properties, achieving a record-high photocatalytic uranium extraction performance of ~6.84 mg/g/day in natural seawater among all techniques reported so far. This study brings a new understanding about the operation of COF-based photocatalysts, guiding the design of improved COF photocatalysts for many applications.
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38
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Chen Z, Wang J, Hao M, Xie Y, Liu X, Yang H, Waterhouse GIN, Wang X, Ma S. Tuning excited state electronic structure and charge transport in covalent organic frameworks for enhanced photocatalytic performance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1106. [DOI: doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent an emerging class of organic photocatalysts. However, their complicated structures lead to indeterminacy about photocatalytic active sites and reaction mechanisms. Herein, we use reticular chemistry to construct a family of isoreticular crystalline hydrazide-based COF photocatalysts, with the optoelectronic properties and local pore characteristics of the COFs modulated using different linkers. The excited state electronic distribution and transport pathways in the COFs are probed using a host of experimental methods and theoretical calculations at a molecular level. One of our developed COFs (denoted as COF-4) exhibits a remarkable excited state electron utilization efficiency and charge transfer properties, achieving a record-high photocatalytic uranium extraction performance of ~6.84 mg/g/day in natural seawater among all techniques reported so far. This study brings a new understanding about the operation of COF-based photocatalysts, guiding the design of improved COF photocatalysts for many applications.
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39
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Dai L, Dong A, Meng X, Liu H, Li Y, Li P, Wang B. Enhancement of Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution Activity of 2D π-Conjugated Bipyridine-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks via Post-Protonation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300224. [PMID: 36757154 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen (H2 ) evolution represents a promising and sustainable technology. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs)-based photocatalysts have received growing attention. A 2D fully conjugated ethylene-linked COF (BTT-BPy-COF) was fabricated with a dedicated designed active site. The introduced bipyridine sites enable a facile post-protonation strategy to fine-tune the actives sites, which results in a largely improved charge-separation efficiency and increased hydrophilicity in the pore channels synergically. After modulating the degree of protonation, the optimal BTT-BPy-PCOF exhibits a remarkable H2 evolution rate of 15.8 mmol g-1 h-1 under visible light, which surpasses the biphenyl-based COF 6 times. By using different types of acids, the post-protonation is proved to be a potential universal strategy for promoting photocatalytic H2 evolution. This strategy would provide important guidance for the design of highly efficient organic semiconductor photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Anwang Dong
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjian Meng
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Huanyu Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yueting Li
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.,Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, P. R. China
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40
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Wang GB, Xie KH, Kan JL, Xu HP, Zhao F, Wang YJ, Geng Y, Dong YB. In situ utilization of photogenerated hydrogen for hydrogenation reaction over a covalent organic framework. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1493-1496. [PMID: 36655848 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06228c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A fully sp2-carbon conjugated COF (Py-FTP-COF) was designed and synthesized, exhibiting excellent hydrogen evolution rate of 5.22 mmol g-1 h-1. More importantly, in situ hydrogenation of nitroarenes under visible-light irradiation without any additional hydrogen source was successfully accomplished for the first time over COF-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Bo Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Ke-Hui Xie
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Jing-Lan Kan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Peng Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Fei Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Yan-Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Geng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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41
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Dong W, Qin Z, Wang K, Xiao Y, Liu X, Ren S, Li L. Isomeric Oligo(Phenylenevinylene)-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks with Different Orientation of Imine Bonds and Distinct Photocatalytic Activities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216073. [PMID: 36450661 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Imine-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been extensively studied in photocatalysis because of their easy synthesis and excellent crystallinity. The effect of imine-bond orientation on the photocatalytic properties of COFs, however, is still rarely studied. Herein, we report two novel COFs with different orientations of imine bonds using oligo(phenylenevinylene) moieties. The COFs showed similar structures but great differences in their photoelectric properties. COF-932 demonstrated a superior hydrogen evolution performance compared to COF-923 when triethanolamine was used as the sacrificial agent. Interestingly, the use of ascorbic acid led to the protonation of the COFs, further altering the direction of electron transfer. The photocatalytic performances were increased to 23.4 and 0.73 mmol g-1 h-1 for protonated COF-923 and COF-932, respectively. This study provides a clear strategy for the design of imine-linked COF-based photocatalysts and advances the development of COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Dong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhiying Qin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kuixing Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yueyuan Xiao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Ren
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Longyu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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42
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Linkage-Affected Donor–Acceptor Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The depletion of traditional fossil energy and the resulting environmental pollution forces people to explore new energy sources. Direct use of solar energy is now a viable solution for solving these problems. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a porous crystalline material; their well-defined two-dimensional or three-dimensional frameworks can ensure the orderly arrangement of photoelectric active units, giving them potential photoelectric conversion applications. The tunable structural features endow COFs many advantages in photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light. This review comprehensively summarizes the research progress on photoelectronic donor–acceptor (D-A) COFs with tunable structure for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and will provide a feasible guiding strategy for applying this type of COFs in photocatalytic hydrogen production.
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43
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Li S, Ma J, Guan J, Li J, Wang X, Sun X, Chen L. Selective cationic covalent organic framework for high throughput rapid extraction of novel polyfluoroalkyl substances. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130125. [PMID: 36303337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Novel per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) raise global concerns due to their toxic effects on environment and human health. However, researches on analytical methods of novel PFASs are lacking. Here, a kind of selective cationic covalent organic framework (iCOF) was designed and loaded on the surface of cotton as an adsorbent. Then, a simple solid-phase extraction (SPE) method based on the cotton@iCOF was developed for high throughput rapid extraction of six novel PFASs in water samples, coupled with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) determination. Several important SPE parameters, such as the amount of iCOF, sample pH, desorption conditions and salinity were systematically investigated. Under optimal conditions, the limits of detection and quantification of this SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS method were as low as 0.08-2.14 ng/L and 0.28-7.15 ng/L, respectively. The recoveries were 77.9-117.6 % for the tap water and surface water, and F-53 B in surface water were detected. Notably, this SPE process was rapid (1 h for 500 mL water sample) compared with commercial SPE (normal 2-3 h), owing to little resistance of cotton@iCOF and omission of nitrogen blowing process, and high throughput with 12 samples concurrently extracted. Additionally, various characterization means and density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that ion-exchange effect, hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding and ordered channel structure synergistically contributed to the PFASs adsorption on cotton@iCOF. The cotton@iCOF-based SPE method with simplicity, rapidity, selectivity and efficiency provided new research ideas for the analysis and control of ionic emerging pollutants in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Jiping Ma
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Jing Guan
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiyan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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44
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Nath S, Puthukkudi A, Mohapatra J, Bommakanti S, Chandrasekhar N, Biswal BP. Carbon-Carbon Linked Organic Frameworks: An Explicit Summary and Analysis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200950. [PMID: 36625406 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic frameworks with carbon-carbon (CC) linkage are an important class of materials owing to their outstanding chemical stability and extended π-electron delocalization resulting in unique optoelectronic properties. In the first part of this review article, the design principles for the bottom-up synthesis of 2D and 3D sp/sp2 CC linked organic frameworks are summarized. Representative reaction methodologies, such as Knoevenagel condensation, Aldol condensation, Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction, Wittig reaction, and coupling reactions (Ullmann, Suzuki, Heck, Yamamoto, etc.) are included. This is discussed in the context of their reaction mechanism, reaction dynamics, and whether and why resulting in an amorphous or crystalline product. This is followed by a discussion of different state-of-the art bottom-up synthesis methodologies, like solvothermal, interfacial, and solid-state synthesis. In the second part, the structure-property relationships in CC linked organic frameworks with representative examples of organocatalysis, photo(electro)catalysis, energy storage and conversion, magnetism, and molecular storage and separation are analyzed. The importance of linkage type, building blocks, topology, and crystallinity of the framework material in connection with the structure-property relationship is highlighted. Finally, brief concluding remarks are presented based on the key development of bottom-up synthetic methods and provide perspectives for future development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyapriya Nath
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Adithyan Puthukkudi
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Jeebanjyoti Mohapatra
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Suresh Bommakanti
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Naisa Chandrasekhar
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Momenstrasse 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bishnu P Biswal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
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45
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Ivanova M, Shubin K, Baran A. Synthesis of C3h-symmetric benzotripyrrole derivatives as monomers for organic frameworks. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-023-03154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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46
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Li S, Ma R, Xu S, Zheng T, Wang H, Fu G, Yang H, Hou Y, Liao Z, Wu B, Feng X, Wu LZ, Li XB, Zhang T. Two-Dimensional Benzobisthiazole-Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks Outperform One-Dimensional Counterparts in Photocatalysis. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Shunqi Xu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Tianyue Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Huaping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Guangen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhongquan Liao
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (IKTS), Maria-Reiche-Strasse 2, Dresden 01109, Germany
| | - Bozhen Wu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Xu-Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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47
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Ji H, Yan G, Zou P, Wang H, Li M, Feng Y, Qu X, Geng D, Shi J, Zhang X. Synthesis of Vinylene-Linked Thiopyrylium-, Pyrylium-, and Pyridinium-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks by Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202787. [PMID: 36196504 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of new vinylene-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with special ionic structure and high stability is challenging. Herein, we report a facile, general method for constructing ionic vinylene-linked thiopyrylium-based COFs from 2,4,6-trimethylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate and other common reagents by means of acid-catalyzed Aldol condensation. Besides, pyrylium-, and pyridinium-based COFs also can be prepared from the same monomer under slightly different reaction conditions. The COFs exhibited uniform nanofibrous morphologies with excellent crystallinities, special ionic structures, well-defined nanochannels, and high specific surface areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Ji
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Street, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Gaojie Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Street, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zou
- Downhole Technology Service Company, Bohai Drilling Engineering Company Limited, CNPC, Dagang, Tianjin, 300283, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Street, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Mengke Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Street, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Yi Feng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Street, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Xiongwei Qu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Street, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Dongling Geng
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- School of Science, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Street, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
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48
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Liu H, Li Y, Dai L, Meng X, Dong A, Zhou Z, Lv H, Li P, Wang B. Post-cyclization of a bisimine-linked covalent organic framework to enhance the performance of visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Polym Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3py00181d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of a bisimine-linked COF was enhanced 3 times when partially converted to an imidazolium-linked COF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yueting Li
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lu Dai
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiangjian Meng
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Anwang Dong
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zimo Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huixia Lv
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
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49
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Zhang P, Wang Z, Wang S, Wang J, Liu J, Wang T, Chen Y, Cheng P, Zhang Z. Fabricating Industry-Compatible Olefin-Linked COF Resins for Oxoanion Pollutant Scavenging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213247. [PMID: 36300874 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale and low-cost synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to meet the demands of industrial application remains formidably challenge. Here we report using 2,4,6-collidine as monomer to produce a series of highly crystalline olefin-linked COFs by a melt polymerization method. This method enables the kilogram-scale fabrication of self-shaped monolithic robust foams. The afforded COFs possess extremely low cost (<50 USD/kg), superior to all the reported COFs. Furthermore, using one-pot or post-modification methods can conveniently transform neutral COFs to ionic COFs, which can be applied as highly efficient ion-exchange sorbents for scavenging oxoanion pollutants. Remarkably, the superior adsorption capacity of a model oxoanion (ReO4 - ) is the highest among crystalline porous materials reported so far. This work not only expands the scopes of olefin-linked COFs but also enlightens the route for the industrial production of crystalline ion exchange sorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Sa Wang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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50
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McQueen E, Bai Y, Sprick RS. Impact of Interfaces, and Nanostructure on the Performance of Conjugated Polymer Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production from Water. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4299. [PMID: 36500922 PMCID: PMC9739915 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The direct conversion of sunlight into hydrogen through water splitting, and by converting carbon dioxide into useful chemical building blocks and fuels, has been an active area of research since early reports in the 1970s. Most of the semiconductors that drive these photocatalytic processes have been inorganic semiconductors, but since the first report of carbon nitride organic semiconductors have also been considered. Conjugated materials have been relatively extensively studied as photocatalysts for solar fuels generation over the last 5 years due to the synthetic control over composition and properties. The understanding of materials' properties, its impact on performance and underlying factors is still in its infancy. Here, we focus on the impact of interfaces, and nanostructure on fundamental processes which significantly contribute to performance in these organic photocatalysts. In particular, we focus on presenting explicit examples in understanding the interface of polymer photocatalysts with water and how it affects performance. Wetting has been shown to be a clear factor and we present strategies for increased wettability in conjugated polymer photocatalysts through modifications of the material. Furthermore, the limited exciton diffusion length in organic polymers has also been identified to affect the performance of these materials. Addressing this, we also discuss how increased internal and external surface areas increase the activity of organic polymer photocatalysts for hydrogen production from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan McQueen
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Yang Bai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research, #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Reiner Sebastian Sprick
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
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