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Ran X, Qiu D, Shi Y, Zhang H, Zhang J, Wei Z, Lu K. Multi-arm quinoxaline-based acceptors formed by π-conjugation extension for efficient organic solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39229778 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03236e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Manipulating the conjugated backbone of small molecule acceptors (SMAs) is of particular importance in developing efficient organic solar cells (OSCs). Recently, trimers and other multi-arm SMAs have been found to be able to provide more intermolecular interaction, demonstrating excellent molecular stacking and device performance. However, the synthesis of this type of SMA usually relies on tristin or polystin compounds. Instead, expanding multiple arms in the central cores of SMAs is relatively simple and not restricted by tin compounds. Based on the quinoxaline core, two kinds of multi-arm SMAs, FQx-IC and TQx-IC with 4 and 3 arms, have been developed in this work. Compared to FQx-IC, TQx-IC exhibits an ordered face-on molecular orientation, appropriate film-forming process, and more favorable phase separation morphology and balanced charge transport. When blended with the polymer donor D18, OSCs based on TQx-IC achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.36%, which is superior to the device based on D18:FQx-IC (16.24%). In addition, using the ternary strategy of incorporating the TQx-IC into the D18:Y6 system, an excellent PCE of 18.82% is achieved. Therefore, this multi-arm molecular design strategy has great potential for regulating molecular stacking, absorption, and the corresponding device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Ran
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dingding Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yanan Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth, Grirem Advanced Materials Co., Ltd, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Asakawa R, Yokoyama S, Yamada R, Maeda S, Ohto T, Tada H, Ie Y. Periodically Twisted Molecular Wires Based on a Fused Unit for Efficient Intramolecular Hopping Transport. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23529-23536. [PMID: 39133559 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Realizing efficient long-distance intramolecular charge transport based on a hopping mechanism is a key challenge in molecular electronics. In hopping transport, a smaller reorganization energy (λ) and energy difference between hopping sites (ΔEhs) should lead to a smaller activation energy and faster charge transfer. However, the development of π-extended molecules that meet these requirements is challenging. In this study, we successfully synthesized several nanometer-scale π-extended molecules composed of a fused π-conjugated unit as a hopping site for reducing λ. Conformational twists between fused units effectively localize π-conjugation in each unit, contributing to reducing ΔEhs. The expected electronic structures of the oligomers were confirmed using spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements. Single-molecule conductance measurements exhibited higher conductance and lower activation energy than those of nonfused oligothiophenes. First-principles calculations indicated that smaller λ and ΔEhs values explain the high conductance. These results highlight the efficiency of the proposed molecular design for effective intramolecular hopping transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Asakawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Soichi Yokoyama
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Seiya Maeda
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ohto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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3
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Luo Z, Wei W, Ma R, Ran G, Jee MH, Chen Z, Li Y, Zhang W, Woo HY, Yang C. Approaching 20% Efficiency in Ortho-Xylene Processed Organic Solar Cells by a Benzo[a]phenazine-Core-Based 3D Network Acceptor with Large Electronic Coupling and Long Exciton Diffusion Length. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2407517. [PMID: 39139022 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
High-performance organic solar cells often rely on halogen-containing solvents, which restrict the photovoltaic industry. Therefore, it is imperative to develop efficient organic photovoltaic materials compatible with halogen-free solvents. Herein, a series of benzo[a]phenazine (BP)-core-based small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) achieved through an isomerization chlorination strategy is presented, comprising unchlorinated NA1, 10-chlorine substituted NA2, 8-chlorine substituted NA3, and 7-chlorine substituted NA4. Theoretical simulations highlight NA3's superior orbit overlap length and tight molecular packing, attributed to interactions between the end group and BP unit. Furthermore, NA3 demonstrates dense 3D network structures and a record electronic coupling of 104.5 meV. These characteristics empower the ortho-xylene (o-XY) processed PM6:NA3 device with superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.94%, surpassing PM6:NA1 (15.34%), PM6:NA2 (7.18%), and PM6:NA4 (16.02%). Notably, the significantly lower PCE in the PM6:NA2 device is attributed to excessive self-aggregation characteristics of NA2 in o-XY. Importantly, the incorporation of D18-Cl into the PM6:NA3 binary blend enhances crystallographic ordering and increases the exciton diffusion length of the donor phase, resulting in a ternary device efficiency of 19.75% (certified as 19.39%). These findings underscore the significance of incorporating new electron-deficient units in the design of efficient SMAs tailored for environmentally benign solvent processing of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Weifei Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Min Hun Jee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhanxiang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Chen Z, Xiao Y, Yao H, Ren J, Zhang T, Qiao J, Zhu S, Lin R, Hao X, Hou J. Local Dipole Modulation Toward High Fill Factor in Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2408858. [PMID: 39132752 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202408858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Dipole moment arrangement in organic semiconductors plays a critical role in affecting the intermolecular packing, determining optoelectronic properties and device performance. Here, to get the desired fill factor (FF) values in organic solar cells (OSCs), the local dipole of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) is modulated by changing the molecular asymmetries. Two NFAs, AA-1 and AA-2 are designed and synthesized, which have different substitutions of alkyl and alkoxyl groups. The unidirectional asymmetry in AA-2 creates distinct local dipoles, while the bidirectional asymmetry in AA-1 mitigates dipole variation. Despite the minimal impact on monomolecular properties, the local dipole moment significantly influences terminal group packing modes in the film state. This, in turn, enhances the relative dielectric constant, prolongs exciton lifetime, and reduces sub-bandgap defect states. Consequently, PBDB-TF:AA-2-based OSCs achieve an exceptional FF of 0.830 and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.3%, with a ternary device reaching a PCE of 19.3%. This work highlights the potential of dipole modulation in material design to get ideal FF values for high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shangqian Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Richen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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5
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Bi X, Cao X, He T, Liang H, Yao Z, Yang J, Guo Y, Long G, Kan B, Li C, Wan X, Chen Y. What is the Limit Size of 2D Conjugated Extension on Central Units of Small Molecular Acceptors in Organic Solar Cells? SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401054. [PMID: 38488748 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
2D conjugated extension on central units of small molecular acceptors (SMAs) has gained great successes in reaching the state-of-the-art organic photovoltaics. Whereas the limit size of 2D central planes and their dominant role in constructing 3D intermolecular packing networks are still elusive. Thus, by exploring a series of SMAs with gradually enlarged central planes, it is demonstrated that, at both single molecular and aggerated levels, there is an unexpected blue-shift for their film absorption but preferable reorganization energies, exciton lifetimes and binding energies with central planes enlarging, especially when comparing to their Y6 counterpart. More importantly, the significance of well-balanced molecular packing modes involving both central and end units is first disclosed through a systematic single crystal analysis, indicating that when the ratio of central planes area/end terminals area is no more than 3 likely provides a preferred 3D intermolecular packing network of SMAs. By exploring the limit size of 2D central planes, This work indicates that the structural profiles of ideal SMAs may require suitable central unit size together with proper heteroatom replacement instead of directly overextending 2D central planes to the maximum. These results will likely provide some guidelines for future better molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqi Bi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Cao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Huazhe Liang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jinyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yaxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Guankui Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Bin Kan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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6
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Chen Z, Ge J, Song W, Tong X, Liu H, Yu X, Li J, Shi J, Xie L, Han C, Liu Q, Ge Z. 20.2% Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics Employing a π-Extension Quinoxaline-Based Acceptor with Ordered Arrangement. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2406690. [PMID: 38899582 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Organic solar cells, as a cutting-edge sustainable renewable energy technology, possess a myriad of potential applications, while the bottleneck problem of less than 20% efficiency limits the further development. Simultaneously achieving an ordered molecular arrangement, appropriate crystalline domain size, and reduced nonradiative recombination poses a significant challenge and is pivotal for overcoming efficiency limitations. This study employs a dual strategy involving the development of a novel acceptor and ternary blending to address this challenge. A novel non-fullerene acceptor, SMA, characterized by a highly ordered arrangement and high lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level, is synthesized. By incorporating SMA as a guest acceptor in the PM6:BTP-eC9 system, it is observed that SMA staggered the liquid-solid transition of donor and acceptor, facilitating acceptor crystallization and ordering while maintaining a suitable domain size. Furthermore, SMA optimized the vertical morphology and reduced bimolecular recombination. As a result, the ternary device achieved a champion efficiency of 20.22%, accompanied by increased voltage, short-circuit current density, and fill factor. Notably, a stabilized efficiency of 18.42% is attained for flexible devices. This study underscores the significant potential of a synergistic approach integrating acceptor material innovation and ternary blending techniques for optimizing bulk heterojunction morphology and photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Wei Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xinyu Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xueliang Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jingyu Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Chengcheng Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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7
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Liu H, Geng Y, Xiao Z, Ding L, Du J, Tang A, Zhou E. The Development of Quinoxaline-Based Electron Acceptors for High Performance Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2404660. [PMID: 38890789 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
In the recent advances of organic solar cells (OSCs), quinoxaline (Qx)-based nonfullerene acceptors (QxNFAs) have attracted lots of attention and enabled the recorded power conversion efficiency approaching 20%. As an excellent electron-withdrawing unit, Qx possesses advantages of many modifiable sites, wide absorption range, low reorganization energy, and so on. To develop promising QxNFAs to further enhance the photovoltaic performance of OSCs, it is necessary to systematically summarize the QxNFAs reported so far. In this review, all the focused QxNFAs are classified into five categories as following: SM-Qx, YQx, fused-YQx, giant-YQx, and polymer-Qx according to the molecular skeletons. The molecular design concepts, relationships between the molecular structure and optoelectronic properties, intrinsic mechanisms of device performance are discussed in detail. At the end, the advantages of this kind of materials are summed up, the molecular develop direction is prospected, the challenges faced by QxNFAs are given, and constructive solutions to the existing problems are advised. Overall, this review presents unique viewpoints to conquer the challenge of QxNFAs and thus boost OSCs development further toward commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Liu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yanfang Geng
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zuo Xiao
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liming Ding
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jimin Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan Province, 455002, China
| | - Ailing Tang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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8
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Gao J, Bai H, Li P, Zhou Y, Su W, Liu C, Li X, Wu Y, Hu B, Liang Z, Bi Z, Li X, Yan L, Du H, Lu G, Gao C, Wang K, Liu Y, Ma W, Fan Q. Halogenated Dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline Units Constructed 2D-Conjugated Guest Acceptors for 19% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403334. [PMID: 38884140 PMCID: PMC11336942 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Halogenation of Y-series small-molecule acceptors (Y-SMAs) is identified as an effective strategy to optimize photoelectric properties for achieving improved power-conversion-efficiencies (PCEs) in binary organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the effect of different halogenation in the 2D-structured large π-fused core of guest Y-SMAs on ternary OSCs has not yet been systematically studied. Herein, four 2D-conjugated Y-SMAs (X-QTP-4F, including halogen-free H-QTP-4F, chlorinated Cl-QTP-4F, brominated Br-QTP-4F, and iodinated I-QTP-4F) by attaching different halogens into 2D-conjugation extended dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline core are developed. Among these X-QTP-4F, Cl-QTP-4F has a higher absorption coefficient, optimized molecular crystallinity and packing, suitable cascade energy levels, and complementary absorption with PM6:L8-BO host. Moreover, among ternary PM6:L8-BO:X-QTP-4F blends, PM6:L8-BO:Cl-QTP-4F obtains a more uniform and size-suitable fibrillary network morphology, improved molecular crystallinity and packing, as well as optimized vertical phase distribution, thus boosting charge generation, transport, extraction, and suppressing energy loss of OSCs. Consequently, the PM6:L8-BO:Cl-QTP-4F-based OSCs achieve a 19.0% efficiency, which is among the state-of-the-art OSCs based on 2D-conjugated Y-SMAs and superior to these devices based on PM6:L8-BO host (17.70%) and with guests of H-QTP-4F (18.23%), Br-QTP-4F (18.39%), and I-QTP-4F (17.62%). The work indicates that halogenation in 2D-structured dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline core of Y-SMAs guests is a promising strategy to gain efficient ternary OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshun Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
- School of Materials and Chemical EngineeringZhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou451191China
| | - Hairui Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Yibo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an University of Science and TechnologyXi'an710054China
| | - Wenyan Su
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an University of Science and TechnologyXi'an710054China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic MaterialsSuzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor‐Optoelectronics Materials and DevicesCollege of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Yue Wu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic MaterialsSuzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor‐Optoelectronics Materials and DevicesCollege of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Bin Hu
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710054China
| | - Zezhou Liang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & ShaanxiKey Lab of Photonic Technique for InformationSchool of Electronics Science & EngineeringFaculty of Electronic and Information EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Xiong Li
- Department of PhysicsBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing100048China
| | - Lihe Yan
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & ShaanxiKey Lab of Photonic Technique for InformationSchool of Electronics Science & EngineeringFaculty of Electronic and Information EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Huiling Du
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an University of Science and TechnologyXi'an710054China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710054China
| | - Chao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen ChemicalsXi'an Modern Chemistry Research InstituteXi'an710065China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical EngineeringZhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou451191China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Qunping Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
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9
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Pranav M, Shukla A, Moser D, Rumeney J, Liu W, Wang R, Sun B, Smeets S, Tokmoldin N, Cao Y, He G, Beitz T, Jaiser F, Hultzsch T, Shoaee S, Maes W, Lüer L, Brabec C, Vandewal K, Andrienko D, Ludwigs S, Neher D. On the critical competition between singlet exciton decay and free charge generation in non-fullerene based organic solar cells with low energetic offsets. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2024:d4ee01409j. [PMID: 39157178 PMCID: PMC11323475 DOI: 10.1039/d4ee01409j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Reducing voltage losses while maintaining high photocurrents is the holy grail of current research on non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) based organic solar cell. Recent focus lies in understanding the various fundamental mechanisms in organic blends with minimal energy offsets - particularly the relationship between ionization energy offset (ΔIE) and free charge generation. Here, we quantitatively probe this relationship in multiple NFA-based blends by mixing Y-series NFAs with PM6 of different molecular weights, covering a broad power conversion efficiency (PCE) range: from 15% down to 1%. Spectroelectrochemistry reveals that a ΔIE of more than 0.3 eV is necessary for efficient photocurrent generation. Bias-dependent time-delayed collection experiments reveal a very pronounced field-dependence of free charge generation for small ΔIE blends, which is mirrored by a strong and simultaneous field-dependence of the quantified photoluminescence from the NFA local singlet exciton (LE). We find that the decay of singlet excitons is the primary competition to free charge generation in low-offset NFA-based organic solar cells, with neither noticeable losses from charge-transfer (CT) decay nor evidence for LE-CT hybridization. In agreement with this conclusion, transient absorption spectroscopy consistently reveals that a smaller ΔIE slows the NFA exciton dissociation into free charges, albeit restorable by an electric field. Our experimental data align with Marcus theory calculations, supported by density functional theory simulations, for zero-field free charge generation and exciton decay efficiencies. We conclude that efficient photocurrent generation generally requires that the CT state is located below the LE, but that this restriction is lifted in systems with a small reorganization energy for charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Pranav
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Straße 24/25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Atul Shukla
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Straße 24/25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - David Moser
- IPOC - Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Julia Rumeney
- IPOC - Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wenlan Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Rong Wang
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7 Erlangen 91058 Germany
| | - Bowen Sun
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Straße 24/25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Sander Smeets
- UHasselt-Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research, (IMO-IMOMEC), Agoralaan 1 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
- IMOMEC Division, IMEC, Wetenschapspark 1 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Nurlan Tokmoldin
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Straße 24/25 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Heterostructure Semiconductor Physics, Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e. V, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - Yonglin Cao
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Straße 24/25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Guorui He
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Straße 24/25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Thorben Beitz
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Straße 24/25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Frank Jaiser
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Straße 24/25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Thomas Hultzsch
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Straße 24/25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Safa Shoaee
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Straße 24/25 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Heterostructure Semiconductor Physics, Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e. V, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - Wouter Maes
- UHasselt-Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research, (IMO-IMOMEC), Agoralaan 1 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
- IMOMEC Division, IMEC, Wetenschapspark 1 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Larry Lüer
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7 Erlangen 91058 Germany
| | - Christoph Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7 Erlangen 91058 Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energies (HIERN), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Immerwahrstraße 2 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Koen Vandewal
- UHasselt-Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research, (IMO-IMOMEC), Agoralaan 1 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
- IMOMEC Division, IMEC, Wetenschapspark 1 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Denis Andrienko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- IPOC - Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Straße 24/25 14476 Potsdam Germany
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10
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Liu S, Xue Z, Liang Z, Zhao B, Wang W, Cong Z, Wu H, Lu G, Zheng J, Gao C. High-Performance PM6:Y6-Based Ternary Solar Cells with Enhanced Open Circuit Voltage and Balanced Mobilities via Doping a Wide-Band-Gap Amorphous Acceptor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:36705-36714. [PMID: 38958143 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Great progress has been made in organic solar cells (OSCs) in recent years, especially after the report of the highly efficient small-molecule electron acceptor Y6. However, the relatively low open circuit voltage (VOC) and unbalanced charge mobilities remain two issues that need to be resolved for further improvement in the performance of OSCs. Herein, a wide-band-gap amorphous acceptor IO-4Cl, which possessed a shallower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level than Y6, was introduced into the PM6:Y6 binary system to construct a ternary device. The mechanism study revealed that the introduced IO-4Cl was alloyed with Y6 to prevent the overaggregation of Y6 and offer dual channels for effective hole transportation, resulting in balanced hole and electron mobilities. Taking these advantages, an enhanced VOC of 0.894 V and an improved fill factor of 75.58% were achieved in the optimized PM6:Y6:IO-4Cl-based ternary device, yielding a promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.49%, which surpassed the 16.72% efficiency of the PM6:Y6 binary device. This work provides an alternative solution to balance the charge mobilities of PM6:Y6-based devices by incorporating an amorphous high-performance LUMO A-D-A small molecule as the third compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Xue
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, China
| | - Zezhou Liang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Cong
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Haimei Wu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Jianbang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
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11
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Zhu S, Lyu L, Li Y, Li W, Cui Y, Hu H. Cyclization Engineering of Electron-Deficient Maleimide Unit for Nonfused Ring Electron Acceptors Enables Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:33928-33934. [PMID: 38889386 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Nonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) have emerged as promising materials for commercial applications in organic solar cells due to their straightforward synthesis process and cost-effectiveness. The rational design of their structural frameworks is crucial for enhancing device efficiency. In this study, we explore the use of maleimide and thiophene as key building blocks, employing cyclization engineering techniques. Additionally, cyclopentanedithiophene was chosen as the bridging unit, coupled with fluorinated terminals, to fabricate NFREAs, namely, PI-DTS and DPI-DTS. DPI-DTS demonstrated superior molecular planarity and an upshifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level. Moreover, DPI-DTS-based blend films display enhanced π-π interactions and crystallinity, alongside a predominantly face-on orientation. Consequently, DPI-DTS-based devices displayed enhanced and more balanced carrier mobility, reduced bimolecular recombination, and trap-assisted recombination, leading to improved charge transfer efficiency. Ultimately, this led to an excellent efficiency of 10.48%, with an open-circuit voltage as high as 0.914 V. These findings highlight the significant promise of aromatic imides in constructing NFREAs, and the established structure-performance relationship provides a theoretical basis for the design of high performance NFREAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenbo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Li Lyu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wenqin Li
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Yongjie Cui
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Huawei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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12
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Duan T, Wang J, Zuo X, Bi X, Zhong C, Li Y, Long Y, Tu K, Zhang W, Yang K, Zhou H, Wan X, Zhao Y, Kan B, Chen Y. The anti-correlation effect of alkyl chain size on the photovoltaic performance of centrally extended non-fullerene acceptors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38946704 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00699b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Contrary to previous results, a unique anti-correlation effect of the alkyl chain size on the photovoltaic performance of acceptors was observed. For a centrally-extended acceptor, replacing linear alkyl chains (n-undecyl for CH-BBQ) on the thienothiophene unit with branched ones (2-butyloctyl for CH-BO) leads to a plunge in the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells (18.12% vs. 11.34% for binary devices), while the largely shortened ones (n-heptyl for CH-HP) bring a surge in performance (18.74%/19.44% for binary/ternary devices). Compared with CH-BO, the more compact intermolecular packing of CH-HP facilitates carrier transport. The characterization of organic field effect transistors and carrier dynamics also echoes the above results. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the encounter of the branched alkyl chains and the extended central core hinders the effective interfacial interaction of polymer donors and acceptors, thus deteriorating the device performance. This work suggests that the conventional strategy for alkyl chain engineering of Y-series acceptors might need to be reconsidered in other molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainan Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Xiaochan Zuo
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xingqi Bi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Opto-electronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Yulu Li
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Yuhong Long
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Kaihuai Tu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Weichao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ke Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Huiqiong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Bin Kan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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13
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Wei Y, Zhou X, Cai Y, Li Y, Wang S, Fu Z, Sun R, Yu N, Li C, Huang K, Bi Z, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Hao X, Min J, Tang Z, Ma W, Sun Y, Huang H. High Performance As-Cast Organic Solar Cells Enabled by a Refined Double-Fibril Network Morphology and Improved Dielectric Constant of Active Layer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403294. [PMID: 38657281 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
High performance organic solar cells (OSCs) are usually realized by using post-treatment and/or additive, which can induce the formation of metastable morphology, leading to unfavorable device stability. In terms of the industrial production, the development of high efficiency as-cast OSCs is crucially important, but it remains a great challenge to obtain appropriate active layer morphology and high power conversion efficiency (PCE). Here, efficient as-cast OSCs are constructed via introducing a new polymer acceptor PY-TPT with a high dielectric constant into the D18:L8-BO blend to form a double-fibril network morphology. Besides, the incorporation of PY-TPT enables an enhanced dielectric constant and lower exciton binding energy of active layer. Therefore, efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport are realized in D18:L8-BO:PY-TPT-based device, affording a record-high PCE of 18.60% and excellent photostability in absence of post-treatment. Moreover, green solvent-processed devices, thick-film (300 nm) devices, and module (16.60 cm2) are fabricated, which show PCEs of 17.45%, 17.54%, and 13.84%, respectively. This work brings new insight into the construction of efficient as-cast devices, pushing forward the practical application of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wei
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xianmin Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yunhao Cai
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Siying Wang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Fu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Na Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Congqi Li
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kexin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Material, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Material, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yinhua Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Material, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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14
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Wang T, Zhang J, Shen Y, Zhang H, Tian C, Xie M, Zhang W, Hao X, Lu K, Wei Z. Morphological Homogeneity and Interface Modification as Determinant Factors of the Efficiency and Stability for Upscaling Organic Solar Cell. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311596. [PMID: 38381025 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Morphological homogeneity and interfacial traps are essential issues to achieve high-efficiency and stable large-area organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, by the investigation of three quinoxaline-based acceptors, i.e., PM6:Qx-1, PM6:Qx-2, and PM6:Qx-p-4Cl, the performance degradation in up-scaling OSCs is explored. The inhomogeneous morphology in PM6:Qx-2 induces a nonuniform spatial distribution of charge generation, showing a rapid decline in efficiency and stability in large-area OSCs. In comparison, the homogeneous morphology in PM6:Qx-1 and PM6:Qx-p-4Cl alleviates the stability drop. When utilizing 2-phenylethylmercaptan to fill the interfacial traps, the stability drop disappears for PM6:Qx-1 and PM6:Qx-p-4Cl, while it persists for PM6:Qx-2. The PM6:Qx-1 large-are device yields a high efficiency of 13.47% and superior thermal stability (T80 = 2888 h). Consequently, the interface modification dominates the performance degradation of large-area devices with homogeneous morphology, while it cannot eliminate the traps in inhomogeneous film. These results provide a clear understanding of degradation mechanisms in upscaling devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenyang Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meiling Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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15
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Xie M, Wei Z, Lu K. Quinoxaline-based Y-type acceptors for organic solar cells. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8265-8279. [PMID: 38846384 PMCID: PMC11151842 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01481b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Minimizing energy loss plays a critical role in the quest for high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the origin of large energy loss in OCSs is complicated, involving the strong exciton binding energy of organic semiconductors, nonradiative charge-transfer state decay, defective molecular stacking network, and so on. The recently developed quinoxaline (Qx)-based acceptors have attracted extensive interest due to their low reorganization energy, high structural modification possibilities, and distinctive molecular packing modes, which contribute to reduced energy loss and superior charge generation/transport, thus improving the photovoltaic performance of OSCs. This perspective summarizes the design strategies of Qx-based acceptors (including small-molecule, giant dimeric and polymeric acceptors) and the resulting optoelectronic properties and device performance. In addition, the ternary strategy of introducing Qx-based acceptors as the third component to reduce energy loss is briefly discussed. Finally, some perspectives for the further exploration of Qx-based acceptors toward efficient, stable, and industry-compatible OSCs are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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16
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Xu R, Jiang Y, Liu F, Ran G, Liu K, Zhang W, Zhu X. High Open-Circuit Voltage Organic Solar Cells with 19.2% Efficiency Enabled by Synergistic Side-Chain Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312101. [PMID: 38544433 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Restricted by the energy-gap law, state-of-the-art organic solar cells (OSCs) exhibit relatively low open-circuit voltage (VOC) because of large nonradiative energy losses (ΔEnonrad). Moreover, the trade-off between VOC and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of OSCs is more distinctive; the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of OSCs are still <15% with VOCs of >1.0 V. Herein, the electronic properties and aggregation behaviors of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are carefully considered and then a new NFA (Z19) is delicately designed by simultaneously introducing alkoxy and phenyl-substituted alkyl chains to the conjugated backbone. Z19 exhibits a hypochromatic-shifted absorption spectrum, high-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level and ordered 2D packing mode. The D18:Z19-based blend film exhibits favorable phase separation with face-on dominated molecular orientation, facilitating charge transport properties. Consequently, D18:Z19 binary devices afford an exciting PCE of 19.2% with a high VOC of 1.002 V, surpassing Y6-2O-based devices. The former is the highest PCE reported to date for OSCs with VOCs of >1.0 V. Moreover, the ΔEnonrad of Z19- (0.200 eV) and Y6-2O-based (0.155 eV) devices are lower than that of Y6-based (0.239 eV) devices. Indications are that the design of such NFA, considering the energy-gap law, could promote a new breakthrough in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Kerui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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17
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Raza A, Ans M, Khera RA, Bousbih R, Waqas M, Aljohani M, Amin MA, Alshomrany AS, Zahid S, Shaban M. Designing efficient materials for high-performance of non-fullerene organic solar cells through side-chain engineering on DBT-4F derivatives by non-fused-ring electron acceptors. J Mol Model 2024; 30:190. [PMID: 38809306 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT For the advancement in fields of organic and perovskite solar cells, various techniques of structural alterations are being employed on previously reported chromophores. In this study, the end-capped engineering is carried out on DBT-4F (R) by modifying terminal acceptors to improve optoelectronic and photovoltaic attributes. Seven molecules (AD1-AD7) are modeled using different push-pull acceptors. DFT/B3LYP/6-31G along with its time-dependent approach (TD-DFT) are on a payroll to investigate ground state geometries, absorption maxima (λmax), energy gap (Eg), excitation energy (Ex), internal reorganization energy, light harvesting efficiency (LHE), dielectric constant, open circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (FF), etc. of OSCs. AD1 displayed the lowest band gap (1.76 eV), highest λmax (876 nm), lowest Ex (1.41 eV), and lowest binding energy (0.21 eV). Among various calculated parameters, all of the sketched molecules demonstrated greater dielectric constant when compared to R. The highest dielectric constant was exhibited by AD3 (56.26). AD5 exhibited maximum LHE (0.9980). Lower reorganization energies demonstrated improved charge mobility. AD5 and AD7 (1.63 and 1.68 eV) have higher values of VOC than R (1.51 eV). All novel molecules having outperforming attributes will be better candidates to enhance the efficacy of OSCs for future use. METHODS Precisely, a DFT and TD-DFT analysis on all of the proposed organic molecules were conducted, using the functional MPW1PW91 at 6-31G (d,p) basis set to examine their optoelectronic aspects, additionally the solvent-state computations were studied with a TD-SCF simulation. For all these simulations, Guassian 09 and GuassView 5.0 were employed. Moreover, the Origin 6.0, Multiwfn 3.8, and PyMOlyze 1.1 software were utilized for the visual depiction of the graphs of absorption, TDM, and DOS, respectively of the studied molecules. A number of crucial aspects such as FMOs, bandgaps, light-harvesting efficiency, electrostatic potential, dipole moment, ionization potential, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, binding energy, interaction coefficient, chemical hardness-softness, and electrophilicity index were also investigated for the studied molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Raza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - R Bousbih
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Aljohani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alshomrany
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Taif HWY, 24381, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saba Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, 42351, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- Nanophotonics and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
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18
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Go E, Jin H, Yoon S, Ahn H, Kim J, Lim C, Kim JH, Din HU, Lee JH, Jun Y, Yu H, Son HJ. Spectrally Resolved Exciton Polarizability for Understanding Charge Generation in Organic Bulk Hetero-Junction Diodes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14724-14733. [PMID: 38757532 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, the dominant charge generation mechanism in organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices is not completely understood. While the local dielectric environments of the photoexcited molecules are important for exciton dissociation, conventional characterizations cannot separately measure the polarizability of electron-donor and electron-acceptor, respectively, in their blends, making it difficult to decipher the spectrally different charge generation efficiencies in organic BHJ devices. Here, by spectrally resolved electroabsorption spectroscopy, we report extraction of the excited state polarizability for individual donors and acceptors in a series of organic blend films. Regardless of the donor and acceptor, we discovered that larger exciton polarizability is linked to larger π-π coherence length and faster charge transfer across the heterojunction, which fundamentally explains the origin of the higher charge generation efficiency near 100% in the BHJ photodiodes. We also show that the molecular packing of the donor and acceptor influence each other, resulting in a synergetic enhancement in the exciton polarizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Go
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST GREEN SCHOOL), Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Jin
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST GREEN SCHOOL), Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwon Yoon
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonsoo Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanwoo Lim
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Haleem Ud Din
- Computational Science Research Center, KIST, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Lee
- Computational Science Research Center, KIST, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Jun
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST GREEN SCHOOL), Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonggeun Yu
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jung Son
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST GREEN SCHOOL), Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Song J, Zhang C, Li C, Qiao J, Yu J, Gao J, Wang X, Hao X, Tang Z, Lu G, Yang R, Yan H, Sun Y. Non-halogenated Solvent-Processed Organic Solar Cells with Approaching 20 % Efficiency and Improved Photostability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404297. [PMID: 38526996 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The development of high-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs) processed from non-halogenated solvents is crucially important for their scale-up industry production. However, owing to the difficulty of regulating molecular aggregation, there is a huge efficiency gap between non-halogenated and halogenated solvent processed OSCs. Herein, we fabricate o-xylene processed OSCs with approaching 20 % efficiency by incorporating a trimeric guest acceptor named Tri-V into the PM6:L8-BO-X host blend. The incorporation of Tri-V effectively restricts the excessive aggregation of L8-BO-X, regulates the molecular packing and optimizes the phase-separation morphology, which leads to mitigated trap density states, reduced energy loss and suppressed charge recombination. Consequently, the PM6:L8-BO-X:Tri-V-based device achieves an efficiency of 19.82 %, representing the highest efficiency for non-halogenated solvent-processed OSCs reported to date. Noticeably, with the addition of Tri-V, the ternary device shows an improved photostability than binary PM6:L8-BO-X-based device, and maintains 80 % of the initial efficiency after continuous illumination for 1380 h. This work provides a feasible approach for fabricating high-efficiency, stable, eco-friendly OSCs, and sheds new light on the large-scale industrial production of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Song
- International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jifa Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xunchang Wang
- X. Wang, R. Yang, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- X. Wang, R. Yang, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, P. R. China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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20
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Tendongmo H, Kogge BF, Tamafo Fouegue AD, Tasheh SN, Tessa CBN, Ghogomu JN. Theoretical screening of N-[5'-methyl-3'-isoxasolyl]-N-[(E)-1-(-2-thiophene)] methylidene]amine and its isoxazole based derivatives as donor materials for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells: DFT and TD-DFT investigation. J Mol Model 2024; 30:176. [PMID: 38773049 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT In the present work, the influence of aromatic ring substitution on a series of small-donor organic molecules (A, B, C, D, and E) with isoxazole cores was investigated for photovoltaic applications in organic solar cells. Frontier molecular orbital analysis, chemical reactivity descriptors, dipole moment, and population analysis showed that all the organic materials have intramolecular charge transfer abilities capable of donating electrons to the acceptor material (PCBM). The required photovoltaic parameters such as Voc, FF, Jsc, LHE, and other associated optoelectronic parameters are reported. The results demonstrate that aromatic ring substitution influences charge transfer and power conversion efficiencies of solar cells. That is, an increase in the aromatic character of a material increases its charge transfer, and as a result, its photovoltaic properties are increased. Additionally, all the investigated derivatives are good charge transporters with suitable electron reorganization energies, which are beneficial for minimizing energy loss. Hence, these organic derivatives with isoxazole backbones are promising materials and may provide fresh insights into the design of new materials for organic solar cell applications. METHOD All calculations were performed using DFT and the ORCA 4.1.0 program package as the main tool for geometry optimization and frequency calculations. The Avogadro 1.2.1 visualization tool was used to prepare all input files executed by ORCA 4.1.0. The BP86, B3LYP, and wB97M series of functionals coupled with the def2/TZVP basis set were employed for geometry optimization. All energy-related calculations were carried out using the M06-2x functional. Multiwfn version 3.7 was used for aromaticity and population analysis. Excited state and UV-visible spectra were simulated using the TD-DFT method at the CAM-B3LYP-D3, wB97X-D3, and PBE0-D3 coupled with the ma-def2-TZVP basis set. Moreover, solvent effects were incorporated using the SMD scheme as incorporated in the ORCA software. Lastly, the RIJCOSX approximations were used to speed up calculations while maintaining accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilaire Tendongmo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Research Unit of Noxious Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Bine Fritzgerald Kogge
- Department of Fundamental and Transversal Sciences, National Advanced School of Public Works, P.O. Box 510, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Aymard Didier Tamafo Fouegue
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, The University of Bertoua, P.O. Box 652, Bertoua, Cameroon.
| | | | - Charles Bernard Nwamba Tessa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Research Unit of Noxious Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Julius Numbonui Ghogomu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Research Unit of Noxious Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Bamenda, Cameroon.
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21
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Deepakvijay K, Prakasam A. Exploring the effects of mono-bromination on hole-electron transport and distribution in dibenzofuran and dibenzothiophene isomers: a first-principles study. J Mol Model 2024; 30:171. [PMID: 38761303 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT This study delves into hole-electron transport and distribution properties inherent in mono-brominated dibenzofuran (DBF) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) isomers. As determined by frontier molecular orbitals, all brominated structures have narrower bandgaps than their primary structures. The TD-DFT calculation showed that 2BDBT had the highest absorption wavelength of all molecules at 315.35 nm. Notably, the study unveils remarkably low electron and hole reorganization energies due to bromine substitution in DBF and DBT molecules. Specifically, the 4BDBF has the lowest hole reorganization energy of all DBF configurations, 0.229 eV. In addition, 3BDBF has 0.226 eV less electron reorganization energy than all other molecules. Compared to DBT, 3BDBT has the lowest electron reorganization energy of 0.254 eV. Overall, this research sheds significant light on the fundamental electronic and hole transport characteristics of bromine-substituted DBF and DBT isomers, highlighting their promising role in polymer design as donors/acceptors for advanced organic electronic applications. METHODS Molecular structures were optimized using Density Functional Theory (DFT) B3LYP/6-311 + + G (d, p) level of theory, and the study further elucidates these molecules' energy levels and absorption spectra through Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory TD-DFT; these calculations were performed using Gaussian 09W software package. The key parameters such as reorganization energies, Electron Localization Function map, Laplacian Bond Order, and NCI-RDG were meticulously examined for the molecules with the results of DFT calculations were analyzed and displayed by utilizing the software packages VMD 1.9.4 and Multiwfn 3.8, aiming to comprehend their charge transport and distribution properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Deepakvijay
- Computational & Theoretical Physics Laboratory, PG & Research Department of Physics, Thiruvalluvar Govt. Arts College, Rasipuram, 637408, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - A Prakasam
- Computational & Theoretical Physics Laboratory, PG & Research Department of Physics, Thiruvalluvar Govt. Arts College, Rasipuram, 637408, Tamil Nadu, India.
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22
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Lee JW, Park JS, Jeon H, Lee S, Jeong D, Lee C, Kim YH, Kim BJ. Recent progress and prospects of dimer and multimer acceptors for efficient and stable polymer solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4674-4706. [PMID: 38529583 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00895a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
High power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability are essential prerequisites for the commercialization of polymer solar cells (PSCs). Small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) are core materials that have led to recent, rapid increases in the PCEs of the PSCs. However, a critical limitation of the resulting PSCs is their poor long-term stability. Blend morphology degradation from rapid diffusion of SMAs with low glass transition temperatures (Tgs) is considered the main cause of the poor long-term stability of the PSCs. The recent emergence of oligomerized SMAs (OSMAs), composed of two or more repeating SMA units (i.e., dimerized and trimerized SMAs), has shown great promise in overcoming these challenges. This innovation in material design has enabled OSMA-based PSCs to reach impressive PCEs near 19% and exceptional long-term stability. In this review, we summarize the evolution of OSMAs, including their research background and recent progress in molecular design. In particular, we discuss the mechanisms for high PCE and stability of OSMA-based PSCs and suggest useful design guidelines for high-performance OSMAs. Furthermore, we reflect on the existing hurdles and future directions for OSMA materials towards achieving commercially viable PSCs with high PCEs and operational stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Su Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyesu Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Changyeon Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Zhang T, Yuk Lin Lai J, Shi M, Li Q, Zhang C, Yan H. Data Cleansing and Sub-Unit-Based Molecular Description Enable Accurate Prediction of The Energy Levels of Non-Fullerene Acceptors Used in Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308652. [PMID: 38386329 PMCID: PMC11077656 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have recently emerged as pivotal materials for enhancing the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). To further advance OSC efficiency, precise control over the energy levels of NFAs is imperative, necessitating the development of a robust computational method for accurate energy level predictions. Unfortunately, conventional computational techniques often yield relatively large errors, typically ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 electronvolts (eV), when predicting energy levels. In this study, the authors present a novel method that not only expedites energy level predictions but also significantly improves accuracy , reducing the error margin to 0.06 eV. The method comprises two essential components. The first component involves data cleansing, which systematically eliminates problematic experimental data and thereby minimizes input data errors. The second component introduces a molecular description method based on the electronic properties of the sub-units comprising NFAs. The approach simplifies the intricacies of molecular computation and demonstrates markedly enhanced prediction performance compared to the conventional density functional theory (DFT) method. Our methodology will expedite research in the field of NFAs, serving as a catalyst for the development of similar computational approaches to address challenges in other areas of material science and molecular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of ComputingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, KLNHong Kong999077China
| | - Joshua Yuk Lin Lai
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water Bay, KowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Mingzhe Shi
- Department of ComputingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, KLNHong Kong999077China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of ComputingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, KLNHong Kong999077China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of ComputingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, KLNHong Kong999077China
| | - He Yan
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water Bay, KowloonHong Kong999077China
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Cameron J, Kanibolotsky AL, Skabara PJ. Lest We Forget-The Importance of Heteroatom Interactions in Heterocyclic Conjugated Systems, from Synthetic Metals to Organic Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2302259. [PMID: 37086184 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of synthetic metals is, and remains, highly influential for the development of organic semiconductor materials. Yet, with the passing of time and the rapid development of conjugated materials in recent years, the link between synthetic metals and organic semiconductors is at risk of being forgotten. This review reflects on one of the key concepts developed in synthetic metals - heteroatom interactions. The application of this strategy in recent organic semiconductor materials, small molecules and polymers, is highlighted, with analysis of X-ray crystal structures and comparisons with model systems used to determine the influence of these non-covalent short contacts. The case is made that the wide range of effective heteroatom interactions and the high performance that has been achieved in devices from organic solar cells to transistors is testament to the seeds sown by the synthetic metals research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cameron
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander L Kanibolotsky
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine
| | - Peter J Skabara
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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Zhang L, Deng D, Lu K, Wei Z. Optimization of Charge Management and Energy Loss in All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2302915. [PMID: 37399575 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
All-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs) have received tremendous attention in recent decades because of their advantages over their polymer counterparts. These advantages include well-defined chemical structures, easy purification, and negligible batch-to-batch variation. Remarkable progress with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 17% has recently been achieved with improved charge management (FF × JSC) and reduced energy loss (Eloss). Morphology control is the key factor in the progress of ASM-OSCs, which remains a significant challenge because of the similarities in the molecular structures of the donors and acceptors. In this review, the effective strategies for charge management and/or Eloss reduction from the perspective of effective morphology control are summarized. The aim is to provide practical insights and guidance for material design and device optimization to promote further development of ASM-OSCs to a level where they can compete with or even surpass the efficiency of polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dan Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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26
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Yang N, Cui Y, Zhang T, An C, Chen Z, Xiao Y, Yu Y, Wang Y, Hao XT, Hou J. Molecular Design of Fully Nonfused Acceptors for Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9205-9215. [PMID: 38523309 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The nonfused thiophene-benzene-thiophene (TBT) unit offers advantages in obtaining low-cost organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials due to its simple structure. However, OPV cells, including TBT-based acceptors, exhibit significantly lower energy conversion efficiencies. Here, we introduce a novel approach involving the design and synthesis of three TBT-based acceptors by substituting different position-branched side chains on the TBT unit. In comparison to TBT-10 and TBT-11, TBT-13, which exclusively incorporates α-position branched side chains with a large steric hindrance, demonstrates a more planar and stable conformation. When blended with the donor PBQx-TF, TBT-13-based blend film achieves favorable π-π stacking and aggregation characteristics, resulting in excellent charge transfer performance in the corresponding device. Due to the simultaneous enhancements in short-circuit current density and fill factor, the TBT-13-based OPV cell obtains an outstanding efficiency of 16.1%, marking the highest value for the cells based on fully nonfused acceptors. Our work provides a practical molecular design strategy for high-performance and low-cost OPV materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cunbin An
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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27
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Xie G, Guo S, Li B, Hou W, Zhang Y, Pan J, Wei X, Sun SK. Nonmetallic graphite for tumor magnetic hyperthermia therapy. Biomaterials 2024; 306:122498. [PMID: 38310828 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) has garnered immense interest due to its exceptional spatiotemporal specificity, minimal invasiveness and remarkable tissue penetration depth. Nevertheless, the limited magnetothermal heating capability and the potential toxicity of metal ions in magnetic materials based on metallic elements significantly impede the advancement of MHT. Herein, we introduce the concept of nonmetallic materials, with graphite (Gra) as a proof of concept, as a highly efficient and biocompatible option for MHT of tumors in vivo for the first time. The Gra exhibits outstanding magnetothermal heating efficacy owing to the robust eddy thermal effect driven by its excellent electrical conductivity. Furthermore, being composed of carbon, Gra offers superior biocompatibility as carbon is an essential element for all living organisms. Additionally, the Gra boasts customizable shapes and sizes, low cost, and large-scale production capability, facilitating reproducible and straightforward manufacturing of various Gra implants. In a mouse tumor model, Gra-based MHT successfully eliminates the tumors at an extremely low magnetic field intensity, which is less than one-third of the established biosafety threshold. This study paves the way for the development of high-performance magnetocaloric materials by utilizing nonmetallic materials in place of metallic ones burdened with inherent limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Xie
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasonography, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Shuyue Guo
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasonography, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Bingjie Li
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Wenjing Hou
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasonography, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, China
| | - Jinbin Pan
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xi Wei
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasonography, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Shao-Kai Sun
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, China.
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28
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Dolan A, Pan X, Griffith MJ, Sharma A, de la Perrelle JM, Baran D, Metha GF, Huang DM, Kee TW, Andersson MR. Enhanced Photocatalytic and Photovoltaic Performance Arising from Unconventionally Low Donor-Y6 Ratios. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309672. [PMID: 38206096 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Development of both organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic photocatalysts has focused on utilizing the bulk heterojunction (BHJ). The BHJ promotes charge separation and enhances the carrier lifetime, but may give rise to increased charge traps, hindering performance. Here, high photocatalytic and photovoltaic performance is displayed by electron donor-acceptor (D-A) nanoparticles (NPs) and films, using the nonfullerene acceptor Y6 and polymer donor PIDT-T8BT. In contrast to conventional D-A systems, the charge generation in PIDT-T8BT:Y6 NPs is mainly driven by Y6, allowing a high performance even at a low D:A mass ratio of 1:50. The high performance at the low mass ratio is attributed to the amorphous behavior of PIDT-T8BT. Low ratios are generally thought to yield lower efficiency than the more conventional ≈1:1 ratio. However, the OPVs exhibit peak performance at a D:A ratio of 1:5. Similarly the NPs used for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution show peak performance at the 1:6.7 D:A ratio. Interestingly, for the PIDT-T8BT:Y6 system, as the polymer proportion increases, a reduced photocatalytic and photovoltaic performance is observed. The unconventional D:A ratios provide lower recombination losses and increased charge-carrier lifetime with undisrupted ambipolar charge transport in bulk Y6, enabling better performance than conventional ratios. This work reports novel light-harvesting materials in which performance is reduced due to unfavorable morphology as D:A ratios move toward conventional ratios of 1:1.2-1:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dolan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Xun Pan
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, Australia
| | - Matthew J Griffith
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, 5095, Australia
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Anirudh Sharma
- Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Derya Baran
- Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gregory F Metha
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - David M Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Tak W Kee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Mats R Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, Australia
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29
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Kan Y, Sun Y, Ren Y, Xu Y, Jiang X, Shen H, Geng L, Li J, Cai P, Xu H, Gao K, Li Y. Amino-Functionalized Graphdiyne Derivative as a Cathode Interface Layer with High Thickness Tolerance for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312635. [PMID: 38229541 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Efficient cathode interfacial materials (CIMs) are essential components for effectively enhancing the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Although high-performance CIMs are desired to meet the requirements of various OSCs, potential candidates for CIMs are scarce. Herein, an amino-functionalized graphdiyne derivative (GDY-N) is developed, which represents the first example of GDY that exhibits favorable solubility in alcohol. Utilizing GDY-N as the CIM, an outstanding champion PCE of 19.30% for devices based on the D18-Cl:L8-BO (certified result: 19.05%) is achieved, which is among the highest efficiencies reported to date in OSCs. Remarkably, the devices based on GDY-N exhibit a thickness-insensitive characteristic, maintaining 95% of their initial efficiency even with a film thickness of 25 nm. Moreover, the GDY-N displays wide universality and facilitates exceptional stability in OSCs. This work not only enriches the diversity of GDY derivatives, but also demonstrates the feasibility of GDY derivatives as CIMs with high thickness tolerance in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Kan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yanna Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yi Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Haojiang Shen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Longlong Geng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Monocrystalline Silicon Semiconductor Materials and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Ping Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Huajun Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Ke Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
- Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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30
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Shi J, Sun K, Chen Z, Qiu Y, Liu H, Ma W, Liu Q, Ge Z. The Influence of Donor/Acceptor Interfaces on Organic Solar Cells Efficiency and Stability Revealed through Theoretical Calculations and Morphology Characterizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318360. [PMID: 38189578 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
End-groups halogenation strategies, generally refers to fluorination and chlorination, have been confirmed as simple and efficient methods to regulate the photoelectric performance of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), but a controversy over which one is better has existed for a long time. Here, two novel NFAs, C9N3-4F and C9N3-4Cl, featured with different end-groups were successfully synthesized and blended with two renowned donors, D18 and PM6, featured with different electron-withdrawing units. Detailed theoretical calculations and morphology characterizations of the interface structures indicate NFAs based on different end-groups possess different binding energy and miscibility with donors, which shows an obvious influence on phase-separation morphology, charge transport behavior and device performance. After verified by other three pairs of reported NFAs, a universal conclusion obtained as the devices based on D18 with fluorination-end-groups-based NFAs and PM6 with chlorination-end-groups-based NFAs generally show excellent efficiencies, high fill factors and stability. Finally, the devices based on D18: C9N3-4F and PM6: C9N3-4Cl yield outstanding efficiency of 18.53 % and 18.00 %, respectively. Suitably selecting donor and regulating donor/acceptor interface can accurately present the photoelectric conversion ability of a novel NFAs, which points out the way for further molecular design and selection for high-performance and stable organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kexuan Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yi Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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31
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Fang L, Huang R, Gong W, Ji Y, Sun Y, Gou S, Zhao J. A Self-Assembly-Induced Exciton Delocalization Strategy for Converting a Perylene Diimide Derivative from a Type-II to Type-I Photosensitizer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307414. [PMID: 37940626 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Type-I photosensitizers have shown advantages in addressing the shortcomings of traditional oxygen-dependent type-II photosensitizers for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of hypoxic tumors. However, developing type-I photosensitizers is yet a huge challenge because the type-II energy transfer process is much faster than the type-I electron transfer process. Herein, from the fundamental point of view, an effective approach is proposed to improve the electron transfer efficiency of the photosensitizer by lowering the internal reorganization energy and exciton binding energy via self-assembly-induced exciton delocalization. An example proof is presented by the design of a perylene diimide (PDI)-based photosensitizer (PDIMp) that can generate singlet oxygen (1O2) via a type-II energy transfer process in the monomeric state, but induce the generation of superoxide anion (O2˙-) via a type-I electron transfer process in the aggregated state. Significantly, with the addition ofcucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]), the self-assembled PDIMp can convert back to the monomeric state via host-guest complexation and consequently recover the generation of 1O2. The biological evaluations reveal that supramolecular nanoparticles (PDIMp-NPs) derived from PDIMp show superior phototherapeutic performance via synergistic type-I PDT and mild photothermal therapy (PTT) against cancer under either normoxia or hypoxia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Wenqi Gong
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yuanhui Ji
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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32
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Zhu Y, He D, Wang C, Han X, Liu Z, Wang K, Zhang J, Shen X, Li J, Lin Y, Wang C, He Y, Zhao F. Suppressing Exciton-Vibration Coupling to Prolong Exciton Lifetime of Nonfullerene Acceptors Enables High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316227. [PMID: 38179837 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The limited exciton lifetime (τ, generally <1 ns) leads to short exciton diffusion length (LD ) of organic semiconductors, which is the bottleneck issue impeding the further improvement of power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) for organic solar cells (OSCs). However, efficient strategies to prolong intrinsic τ are rare and vague. Herein, we propose a facile method to efficiently reduce vibrational frequency of molecular skeleton and suppress exciton-vibration coupling to decrease non-radiative decay rate and thus prolong τ via deuterating nonfullerene acceptors. The τ remarkably increases from 0.90 ns (non-deuterated L8-BO) to 1.35 ns (deuterated L8-BO-D), which is the record for organic photovoltaic materials. Besides, the inhibited molecular vibration improves molecular planarity of L8-BO-D for enhanced exciton diffusion coefficient. Consequently, the LD increases from 7.9 nm (L8-BO) to 10.7 nm (L8-BO-D). The prolonged LD of L8-BO-D enables PM6 : L8-BO-D-based bulk heterojunction OSCs to acquire higher PCEs of 18.5 % with more efficient exciton dissociation and weaker charge carrier recombination than PM6 : L8-BO-based counterparts. Moreover, benefiting from the prolonged LD , D18/L8-BO-D-based pseudo-planar heterojunction OSCs achieve an impressive PCE of 19.3 %, which is among the highest values. This work provides an efficient strategy to increase the τ and thus LD of organic semiconductors, boosting PCEs of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Dan He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Chong Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zesheng Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuze Lin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chunru Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuehui He
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Fuwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
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33
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Wei W, Zhang C, Chen Z, Chen W, Ran G, Pan G, Zhang W, Müller-Buschbaum P, Bo Z, Yang C, Luo Z. Precise Methylation Yields Acceptor with Hydrogen-Bonding Network for High-Efficiency and Thermally Stable Polymer Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315625. [PMID: 38100221 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions stands for an effective approach in advancing the efficiency and stability of small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) for polymer solar cells. Herein, we synthesized three SMAs (Qo1, Qo2, and Qo3) using indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one (Qox) as the electron-deficient group, with the incorporation of a methylation strategy. Through crystallographic analysis, it is observed that two Qox-based methylated acceptors (Qo2 and Qo3) exhibit multiple hydrogen bond-assisted 3D network transport structures, in contrast to the 2D transport structure observed in gem-dichlorinated counterpart (Qo4). Notably, Qo2 exhibits multiple and stronger hydrogen-bonding interactions compared with Qo3. Consequently, PM6 : Qo2 device realizes the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.4 %, surpassing the efficiencies of devices based on Qo1 (15.8 %), Qo3 (16.7 %), and Qo4 (2.4 %). This remarkable PCE in PM6 : Qo2 device can be primarily ascribed to the enhanced donor-acceptor miscibility, more favorable medium structure, and more efficient charge transfer and collection behavior. Moreover, the PM6 : Qo2 device demonstrates exceptional thermal stability, retaining 82.8 % of its initial PCE after undergoing annealing at 65 °C for 250 hours. Our research showcases that precise methylation, particularly targeting the formation of intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions to tune crystal packing patterns, represents a promising strategy in the molecular design of efficient and stable SMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifei Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cai'e Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanxiang Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, 518118, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjiu Pan
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenghui Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
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34
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Fan B, Gao H, Jen AKY. Biaxially Conjugated Materials for Organic Solar Cells. ACS NANO 2024; 18:136-154. [PMID: 38146694 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) represent one of the most important emerging photovoltaic technologies that can implement solar energy conversion efficiently. The chemical structure of organic semiconductors deployed in the active layer of OSCs plays a critical role in the photovoltaic performance and chemical/physical stability of relevant devices. With the structure innovation of organic semiconductors, especially nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), the performance of OSCs have been promoted rapidly in recent years, with state-of-the-art power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 19.5%. Compared with other photovoltaics like perovskite, the shortcoming of OSCs mainly lies in the high nonradiative recombination loss. However, the photocurrent density is superior in OSCs owing to the easy modulation of the NFA band gap toward the near-infrared region. In these regards, the effort to further boost the PCE of OSCs to achieve a milestone >21% should be devoted to reducing the nonradiative loss while further broadening the absorption band. Developing organic semiconductors with biaxially extended conjugated structures has provided a potential solution to achieve these goals. Herein, we summarize the design rules and performance progress of biaxially extended conjugated materials for OSCs. The descriptions are divided into two major categories, i.e., polymers and NFAs. For p-type polymers, we focus on the biaxial conjugation on some representative building blocks, e.g., polythiophene, triphenylamine, and quinoxaline. Whereas for n-type polymers, some structures with large conjugated planes in the normal direction are presented. We also elaborate on the biaxial conjugation strategies in NFAs with modification site at either the π-core or side-group. The general structure-property relationships are further retrieved within these materials, with focus on the short-wavelength absorption and nonradiative energy loss. Finally, we provide an outlook for the further structure modification strategies of biaxially conjugated materials toward highly efficient, stable, and industry-compatible OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobing Fan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Huanhuan Gao
- Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- College of New Energy, Xi'an Shiyou University, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710065, China
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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35
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Zhu J, Qin Z, Lan A, Jiang S, Mou J, Ren Y, Do H, Chen ZK, Chen F. A-D-A Type Nonfullerene Acceptors Synthesized by Core Segmentation and Isomerization for Realizing Organic Solar Cells with Low Nonradiative Energy Loss. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305529. [PMID: 37688316 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Reducing non-radiative recombination energy loss (ΔEnonrad ) in organic solar cells (OSCs) has been considered an effective method to improve device efficiency. In this study, the backbone of PTBTT-4F/4Cl is divided into D1-D2-D3 segments and reconstructed. The isomerized TPBTT-4F/4Cl obtains stronger intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), thus leading to elevated highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level and reduced bandgap (Eg ). According to ELoss = Eg- qVOC , the reduced Eg and enhanced open circuit voltage (VOC ) result in lower ELoss , indicating that ELoss has been effectively suppressed in the TPBTT-4F/4Cl based devices. Furthermore, compared to PTBTT derivatives, the isomeric TPBTT derivatives exhibit more planar molecular structure and closer intermolecular stacking, thus affording higher crystallinity of the neat films. Therefore, the reduced energy disorder and corresponding lower Urbach energy (Eu ) of the TPBTT-4F/4Cl blend films lead to low ELoss and high charge-carrier mobility of the devices. As a result, benefitting from synergetic control of molecular stacking and energetic offsets, a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.72% is realized from TPBTT-4F based devices, along with a reduced ΔEnonrad of 0.276 eV. This work demonstrates a rational method of suppressing VOC loss and improving the device performance through molecular design engineering by core segmentation and isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Zixuan Qin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Ai Lan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Jiayou Mou
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Yong Ren
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Hainam Do
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Zhi-Kuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo, 315100, China
- New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo, 315100, China
- New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
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36
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Zubair H, Akhter MS, Waqas M, Ishtiaq M, Bhatti IA, Iqbal J, Skawky AM, Khera RA. A computational insight into enhancement of photovoltaic properties of non-fullerene acceptors by end-group modulations in the structural framework of INPIC molecule. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 126:108664. [PMID: 37948853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Improving the open circuit voltage is a major challenge for enhancing the overall efficiency of organic solar cells. Current work has concentrated on improving open-circuit voltage by designing new molecular frameworks from an INPIC molecule having a conjugated fused core. We modulated the structure by changing the terminal groups of the reference molecule (INPIC) with seven strong electron-withdrawing units. We investigated various optoelectronic attributes, charge transfer, and photovoltaic and geometrical parameters by compiling the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) functional of the DFT approach. The optical absorption for modulated molecules ranges from 748.51 nm to 845.96 nm while showing higher oscillation strength than INPIC. At the same time, their impressive charge transport is attributed to their smaller excitation and exciton binding energy, higher electron/hole mobility, narrower band gap, and a more than 99 % intramolecular charge transfer. The larger dipole moments help in the dense interaction of acceptors with employed donor J61 which, in turn, improves charge transfer at the donor-acceptor interface. One of the triumphs that are difficult to get in organic molecules is success in achieving a higher open circuit voltage (VOC). Our conceptualized molecular frameworks of acceptors are featured with a notable VOC improvement in the range of 1.84-2.05 eV. Thus, the results of the current investigation pave the root for architecting the acceptor molecules with impressive optoelectrical properties that may be capable of providing high photovoltaic output. Thus these acceptors can be utilized for the development of advanced organic solar cells in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhamed Salim Akhter
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, P. O. Box 32028, Bahrain.
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Ishtiaq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ahmed Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed M Skawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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37
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Lv M, Wang Q, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang ZG, Wang T, Zhang H, Lu K, Wei Z, Deng D. Strengthening the Hetero-Molecular Interactions in Giant Dimeric Acceptors Enables Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310046. [PMID: 37994223 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Giant dimeric acceptor (G-Dimer) is becoming one of the most promising organic solar cell (OSC) materials because of its definite structure, long-term stability, and high efficiency. Strengthening the hetero-molecular interactions by monomer modification greatly influences the morphology and thus the device performance, but lacks investigation. Herein, two novel quinoxaline core-based G-Dimers, Dimer-QX and Dimer-2CF, are synthesized. By comparing trifluoromethyl-substituted Dimer-2CF and non-substituted Dimer-QX, the trifluoromethylation effect on the G-Dimer is investigated and revealed. The trifluoromethyl with strong electronegativity increases electrostatic potential and reduces surface energy of the G-Dimer, weakening the homo-molecular ordered packing but reinforcing the hetero-molecular interaction with the donor. The strong hetero-molecular interaction suppresses the fast assembly during the film formation, facilitating small domains with ordered molecular packing in the blend, which is a trade-off in conventional morphology control. Together with favorable vertical phase separation, efficient charge generation, and reduced bimolecular recombination are concurrently obtained. Hence, the Dimer-2CF-based OSCs obtain a cutting-edge efficiency of 19.02% with fill factor surpassing 80%, and an averaged extrapolated T80 of ≈12 000 h under continuous 80 °C heating. This study emphasizes the importance of hetero-molecular interaction and trifluoromethylation strategy, providing a facile strategy for designing highly efficient and stable OSC materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuheng Wang
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dan Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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38
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Wei Y, Cai Y, Gu X, Yao G, Fu Z, Zhu Y, Yang J, Dai J, Zhang J, Zhang X, Hao X, Lu G, Tang Z, Peng Q, Zhang C, Huang H. Over 18% Efficiency Ternary Organic Solar Cells with 300 nm Thick Active Layer Enabled by an Oligomeric Acceptor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304225. [PMID: 37718710 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-efficiency thickness-insensitive organic solar cells (OSCs) is crucially important for the mass production of solar panels. However, increasing the active layer thickness usually induces a substantial loss in efficiency. Herein, a ternary strategy in which an oligomer DY-TF is incorporated into PM6:L8-BO system as a guest component is adopted to break this dilemma. The S···F intramolecular noncovalent interactions in the backbone endow DY-TF with a high planarity. Upon the addition of DY-TF, the crystallinity of the blend is effectively improved, leading to increased charge carrier mobility, which is highly desirable in the fabrication of thick-film devices. As a result, thin-film PM6:L8-BO:DY-TF-based device (110 nm) shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.13%. Impressively, when the active layer thickness increases to 300 nm, an efficiency of 18.23% (certified as 17.8%) is achieved, representing the highest efficiency reported for 300 nm thick OSCs thus far. Additionally, blade-coated thick device (300 nm) delivers a promising PCE of 17.38%. This work brings new insights into the construction of efficient OSCs with high thickness tolerance, showing great potential for roll-to-roll printing of large-area solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wei
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunhao Cai
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guo Yao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Fu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Junfang Yang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Junpeng Dai
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qian Peng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Wang J, Wang Y, Li J, Yu Y, Bi P, Qiao J, Chen Z, Wang C, Wang W, Dai J, Hao X, Zhang S, Hou J. Low-Cost Fully Non-fused Ring Acceptor Enables Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Modules for Multi-Scene Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314362. [PMID: 37877452 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, with highly tunable light-response ranges, offer significant potential for use in driving low-power consumption off-grid electronics in multi-scenarios. However, development of photoactive layer materials that can meet simultaneously the requirements of diverse irradiation conditions is a still challenging task. Herein, a low-cost fully non-fused acceptor (denoted as GS60) featuring well-matched absorption spectra with solar, scattered light and artificial light radiation was designed and synthesized. Systematic characterizations revealed that GS60 possessed outstanding photoelectron properties and ideal morphology, which resulted in reduced voltage loss and suppressed charge recombination. By blending with a non-fused ring polymer PTVT-T, the as-obtained GS60 based OPV cells achieved a good power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.1 %, a high value for the cells based on non-fused ring bulk heterojunction. Besides, manufactured large-area OPV modules based on PTVT-T:GS60 yielded PCEs of 11.2 %, 11.8 %, 12.1 %, 23.1 %, and 20.3 % under irradiation of AM 1.5G, natural light of cloudy weather, natural light in shadow, laser and indoor, respectively. The PTVT-T:GS60 devices exhibited considerable potential in terms of improving photostability and reducing material cost. Overall, this work provides novel insight into the molecular design of low-cost non-fused ring acceptors, and extended potential of medium band gap acceptors based OPV cells used in various application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiayao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengqing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chaoyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiangbo Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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40
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Majeed M, Waqas M, Aloui Z, Essid M, Ibrahim MAA, Khera RA, Shaban M, Ans M. Exploring the Electronic, Optical, and Charge Transfer Properties of A-D-A-Type IDTV-ThIC-Based Molecules To Enhance Photovoltaic Performance of Organic Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:45384-45404. [PMID: 38075832 PMCID: PMC10701727 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Improving the charge mobility and optoelectronic properties of indacenodithiophene-based small molecule acceptors is a key challenge to improving overall efficiency. In this current research, seven newly designed molecules (DT1-DT7) comprising the indacenodithiophene-based core are presented to tune energy levels, enhance charge mobility, and improve the photovoltaic performance of IDTV-ThIC molecules via density functional theory. All the molecules were designed by end-capped modification by substituting terminal acceptors of IDTV-ThIC with strong electron-withdrawing moieties. Among all the examined structures, DT1 has proved itself a superior molecule in multiple aspects, including higher λmax in chloroform (787 nm) and gaseous phase (727 nm), narrow band gap (2.16 eV), higher electron affinity (3.31 eV), least excitation energy (1.57 eV), and improved charge mobility due to low reorganization energy and higher excited state lifetime (2.37 ns) when compared to the reference (IDTV-ThIC) and other molecules. DT5 also showed remarkable improvement in different parameters, such as the lowest exciton binding energy (0.41 eV), leading to easier charge moveability. The improved open-circuit voltage of DT4 and DT5 makes them proficient molecules exhibiting the charge transfer phenomenon. The enlightened outcomes of these molecules can pave a new route to develop efficient organic solar cell devices using these molecules, especially DT1, DT4, and DT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maham Majeed
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zouhaier Aloui
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, King Khalid
University (KKU), P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manel Essid
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, King Khalid
University (KKU), P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- School
of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic
University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
- Nanophotonics
and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Ans
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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41
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Yang C, An Q, Jiang M, Ma X, Mahmood A, Zhang H, Zhao X, Zhi HF, Jee MH, Woo HY, Liao X, Deng D, Wei Z, Wang JL. Optimized Crystal Framework by Asymmetric Core Isomerization in Selenium-Substituted Acceptor for Efficient Binary Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313016. [PMID: 37823882 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Both the regional isomerization and selenium-substitution of the small molecular acceptors (SMAs) play significant roles in developing efficient organic solar cells (OSCs), while their synergistic effects remain elusive. Herein, we developed three isomeric SMAs (S-CSeF, A-ISeF, and A-OSeF) via subtly manipulating the mono-selenium substituted position (central, inner, or outer) and type of heteroaromatic ring on the central core by synergistic strategies for efficient OSCs, respectively. Crystallography of asymmetric A-OSeF presents a closer intermolecular π-π stacking and more ordered 3-dimensional network packing and efficient charge-hopping pathways. With the successive out-shift of the mono-selenium substituted position, the neat films give a slightly wider band gap and gradually higher crystallinity and electron mobility. The PM1 : A-OSeF afford favourable fibrous phase separation morphology with more ordered molecular packing and efficient charge transportation compared to the other two counterparts. Consequently, the A-OSeF-based devices achieve a champion efficiency of 18.5 %, which represents the record value for the reported selenium-containing SMAs in binary OSCs. Our developed precise molecular engineering of the position and type of selenium-based heteroaromatic ring of SMAs provides a promising synergistic approach to optimizing crystal stacking and boosting top-ranked selenium-containing SMAs-based OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiaoshi An
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mengyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hong-Fu Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Min Hun Jee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Xilin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dan Deng
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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42
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Xu Z, Li S, Huang F, He T, Jia X, Liang H, Guo Y, Long G, Kan B, Yao Z, Li C, Wan X, Chen Y. Propeller vs Quasi-Planar 6-Cantilever Small Molecular Platforms with Extremely Two-Dimensional Conjugated Extension. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311686. [PMID: 37858963 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Two exotic 6-cantilever small molecular platforms, characteristic of quite different molecular configurations of propeller and quasi-plane, are established by extremely two-dimensional conjugated extension. When applied in small molecular acceptors, the only two cases of CH25 and CH26 that could contain six terminals and such broad conjugated backbones have been afforded thus far, rendering featured absorptions, small reorganization and exciton binding energies. Moreover, their distinctive but completely different molecular geometries result in sharply contrasting nanoscale film morphologies. Finally, CH26 contributes to the best device efficiency of 15.41 % among acceptors with six terminals, demonstrating two pioneered yet highly promising 6-cantilever molecular innovation platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shitong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fangfang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinyuan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Huazhe Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yaxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Guankui Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Bin Kan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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43
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Iftikhar R, Irshad R, Zahid WA, Akram W, Shehzad RA, Abdelmohsen SAM, Alanazi MM, Shahzad N, Iqbal J. Designing of fluorine-substituted benzodithiophene-based small molecules with efficient photovoltaic parameters. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 125:108588. [PMID: 37557026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four hole-transporting materials (JY-M1, JY-M2, JY-M3, and JY-M4) are designed by modifying benzothiadiazole-based core with diphenylamine-based carbazole via acceptors through thiophene linkers. The designed molecules exhibited deeper HOMO energy with smaller energy gaps than the reference JY molecule which enhance their hole mobility. The absorption spectra of the JY-M1, JY-M2, JY-M3, and JY-M4 molecules are located at 380 nm to 407 nm in the gaseous phase and 397 nm to 433 nm in the solvent phase, which is red-shifted and higher than the reference molecule, demonstrating that designed molecules possess improved light absorption properties and enhanced effective hole transfer. The dipole moments of the designed molecules (14.74 D to 26.12 D) indicate a greater ability for charge separation, solubility and will be beneficial to produce multilayer films. Moreover, the results of hole reorganization energy (0.38198 eV to 0.45304 eV) and charge transfer integral (0.14315 eV to 0.14665 eV) of designing molecules show improved hole mobility and lower recombination losses compared to the JY molecule. Overall, we suggested that the structural modifications in the designed molecules contributed to their enhanced efficiency in converting light energy into electrical energy and have the potential for utilization in solar devices, paving the way for future advancements in the field of photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Iftikhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rabiya Irshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ali Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Akram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rao Aqil Shehzad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shaimaa A M Abdelmohsen
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meznah M Alanazi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabeel Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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44
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Qiu D, Zhang H, Tian C, Zhang J, Zhu L, Wei Z, Lu K. Central Core Substitutions and Film-Formation Process Optimization Enable Approaching 19% Efficiency All-Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2307398. [PMID: 37801215 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular interactions and film-formation processes greatly impact the blend film morphology and device performances of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). Molecular structure, such as the central cores of polymer acceptors, would significantly influence this process. Herein, the central core substitutions of polymer acceptors are adjusted and three quinoxaline (Qx)-fused-core-based materials, PQx1, PQx2, and PQx3 are synthesized. The molecular aggregation ability and intermolecular interaction are systematically regulated, which subsequently influence the film-formation process and determine the resulting blend film morphology. As a result, PQx3, with favorable aggregation ability and moderate interaction with polymer donor PM6, achieves efficient all-PSCs with a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.60%, which could be further improved to 18.06% after carefully optimizing device annealing and interface layer. This impressive PCE is one of the highest values for binary all-PSCs based on the classical polymer donor PM6. PYF-T-o is also involved in promoting light utilization, and the resulting ternary device shows an impressive PCE of 18.82%. In addition, PM6:PQx3-based devices exhibit high film-thickness tolerance, superior stability, and considerable potential for large-scale devices (16.23% in 1 cm2 device). These results highlight the importance of structure optimization of polymer acceptors and film-formation process control for obtaining efficient and stable all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenyang Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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45
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Shi W, Huang Y, Ma K, Si X, Feng W, Wang R, Guo J, Ma W, Wang S, Clulow A, Barnsley L, Yao Z, Li C, Wan X, Chen Y. A Polymer Acceptor with Grafted Small Molecule Acceptor Unit for Efficient All Polymer Organic Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300407. [PMID: 37704567 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
A polymer acceptor, named PX-1, is designed and synthesized using a polymerization strategy with grafted small molecule acceptors. This design approach allows for the freedom of end groups while maintaining efficient terminal packing, enhancing π-π interactions, and facilitating charge transport. All-polymer organic solar cells based on PM6: PX-1 demonstrate a promising efficiency of 13.55%. The result presents an alternative pathway for the design of high-efficiency polymer acceptors through the careful regulation of small molecule acceptor monomers and linker units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Kangqiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Si
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Wanying Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ruohan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Andrew Clulow
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Lester Barnsley
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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46
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Ran X, Shi Y, Qiu D, Zhang J, Lu K, Wei Z. The central core size effect in quinoxaline-based non-fullerene acceptors for high VOC organic solar cells. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18291-18299. [PMID: 37941482 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05077g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
For organic solar cells (OSCs), obtaining a high open circuit voltage (VOC) is often accompanied by the sacrifice of the circuit current density (JSC) and filling factor (FF), and it is difficult to strike a balance between VOC and JSC × FF. The trade-off of these parameters is often the critical factor limiting the improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Extended backbone conjugation and side chain engineering of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are effective strategies to optimize the performance of OSCs. Herein, based on the quinoxaline central core and branched alkyl chains at the β position of the thiophene unit, we designed and synthesized three NFAs with different sized cores. Interestingly, Qx-BO-3 with a smaller central core showed better planarity and more appropriate crystallinity. As a result, PM6:Qx-BO-3-based devices obtained more suitable phase separation, more efficient exciton dissociation, and charge transport properties. Therefore, the OSCs based on PM6:Qx-BO-3 yielded an outstanding PCE of 17.03%, significantly higher than the devices based on PM6:Qx-BO-1 (10.57%) and PM6:Qx-BO-2 (11.34%) although the latter two devices have lower VOC losses. These results indicated that fine-tuning the central core size can effectively optimize the molecular geometry of NFAs and the film morphology of OSCs. This work provides an effective method for designing high-performance NFA-OSCs with high VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Ran
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Dingding Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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47
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Rehman F, Waqas M, Imran M, Ibrahim MAA, Iqbal J, Khera RA, Hadia NMA, Al-Saeedi SI, Shaban M. Approach toward Low Energy Loss in Symmetrical Nonfullerene Acceptor Molecules Inspired by Insertion of Different π-Spacers for Developing Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43792-43812. [PMID: 38027352 PMCID: PMC10666235 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In this quantum approach, by adding bridge/π-spacer fragments between the donor and acceptor parts of a newly constructed DF-PCIC (A-D-A type) molecule, it is the aim to improve the photovoltaic characteristics of organic solar cells (OSCs). After π-spacer insertion into the reference molecule (DF-R), six new molecules (DF-M1 to DF-M6) were designed. The optoelectronic attributes of newly inspected molecules were theoretically calculated using MPW1PW91/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. All newly proposed molecules possessed a lower band gap (Eg), a higher value of absorption, lower reorganization energy, greater dipole moment, and lower energies of excitations than the DF-R molecule. The frontier molecular orbital study proclaimed that the DF-M1 molecule has the lowest band gap of 1.62 eV in comparison to the 2.41 eV value of DF-R. Absorption properties represented that DF-M1 and DF-M2 molecules show the highest absorption values of up to 1006 and 1004 nm, respectively, in the near-infrared region. Regarding the reorganization energy, DF-M2 has the lowest value of λe (0.0683896 eV) and the lowest value of λh (0.1566471 eV). DF-M2 and DF-M5 manifested greater dipole moments with the values of 5.514665 and 7.143434 D, respectively. The open circuit voltage (VOC) of all the acceptors was calculated with J61, a donor complex. DF-M4 and DF-M6 molecules showed higher values of VOC and fill factor than the DF-R molecule. Based on the given results, it was supposed that all the newly presented molecules might prove themselves to be better than the reference and thus might be of great interest to experimentalists. Thus, they are suggested to be used to develop proficient OSC devices with improved photovoltaic prospects in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faseh
ur Rehman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- School
of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - N. M. A. Hadia
- Physics
Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 72388, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi
- Department
of Chemistry, Collage of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box
84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic
University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
- Nanophotonics
and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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48
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Yao Z, Cao X, Bi X, He T, Li Y, Jia X, Liang H, Guo Y, Long G, Kan B, Li C, Wan X, Chen Y. Complete Peripheral Fluorination of the Small-Molecule Acceptor in Organic Solar Cells Yields Efficiency over 19 . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312630. [PMID: 37704576 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the intrinsically flexible molecular skeletons and loose aggregations, organic semiconductors, like small molecular acceptors (SMAs) in organic solar cells (OSCs), greatly suffer from larger structural/packing disorders and weaker intermolecular interactions comparing to their inorganic counterparts, further leading to hindered exciton diffusion/dissociation and charge carrier migration in resulting OSCs. To overcome this challenge, complete peripheral fluorination was performed on basis of a two-dimensional (2D) conjugation extended molecular platform of CH-series SMAs, rendering an acceptor of CH8F with eight fluorine atoms surrounding the molecular backbone. Benefitting from the broad 2D backbone, more importantly, strengthened fluorine-induced secondary interactions, CH8F and its D18 blends afford much enhanced and more ordered molecular packings accompanying with enlarged dielectric constants, reduced exciton binding energies and more obvious fibrillary networks comparing to CH6F controls. Consequently, D18:CH8F-based OSCs reached an excellent efficiency of 18.80 %, much better than that of 17.91 % for CH6F-based ones. More excitingly, by employing D18-Cl that possesses a highly similar structure to D18 as a third component, the highest efficiency of 19.28 % for CH-series SMAs-based OSCs has been achieved so far. Our work demonstrates the dramatical structural multiformity of CH-series SMAs, meanwhile, their high potential for constructing record-breaking OSCs through peripheral fine-tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Cao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xingqi Bi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinyuan Jia
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Huazhe Liang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yaxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Guankui Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Bin Kan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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49
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Duan T, Feng W, Li Y, Li Z, Zhang Z, Liang H, Chen H, Zhong C, Jeong S, Yang C, Chen S, Lu S, Rakitin OA, Li C, Wan X, Kan B, Chen Y. Electronic Configuration Tuning of Centrally Extended Non-Fullerene Acceptors Enabling Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency Approaching 19 . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308832. [PMID: 37626468 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In the molecular optimizations of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), extending the central core can tune the energy levels, reduce nonradiative energy loss, enhance the intramolecular (donor-acceptor and acceptor-acceptor) packing, facilitate the charge transport, and improve device performance. In this study, a new strategy was employed to synthesize acceptors featuring conjugation-extended electron-deficient cores. Among these, the acceptor CH-BBQ, embedded with benzobisthiadiazole, exhibited an optimal fibrillar network morphology, enhanced crystallinity, and improved charge generation/transport in blend films, leading to a power conversion efficiency of 18.94 % for CH-BBQ-based ternary organic solar cells (OSCs; 18.19 % for binary OSCs) owing to its delicate structure design and electronic configuration tuning. Both experimental and theoretical approaches were used to systematically investigate the influence of the central electron-deficient core on the properties of the acceptor and device performance. The electron-deficient core modulation paves a new pathway in the molecular engineering of NFAs, propelling relevant research forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainan Duan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Wanying Feng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yulu Li
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Zhixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Huazhe Liang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Opto-electronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Seonghun Jeong
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shirong Lu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Oleg A Rakitin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Bin Kan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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50
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Zhang H, Tian C, Zhang Z, Xie M, Zhang J, Zhu L, Wei Z. Concretized structural evolution supported assembly-controlled film-forming kinetics in slot-die coated organic photovoltaics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6312. [PMID: 37813858 PMCID: PMC10562442 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bulk-heterojunction structured small-area organic solar cells are approaching 20% power conversion efficiency, but the blurred film-forming kinetics in the fabrication of large-area devices causes significant PCE loss and restrains the potential of commercialization. Such blurring came from insufficient knowledge of structural evolution during the film-forming process. Here, we concretize the evolution process with structures detailed to the submolecular level by comprehensive investigations of in-situ UV-vis spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscope, Grazing Incident Wide Angle X-ray Scattering, and molecular dynamic simulation. With such hierarchical structural knowledge, assembly-controlled film-forming kinetics is proposed to explain the whole picture. Such assembly is determined by molecule configuration and can be tuned via external conditions. Understanding this kinetics will contribute to screening large-area device fabrication conditions, and the detailed structural knowledge could inspire the future design of novel photovoltaic materials that are intrinsically excellent in large-area device fabrications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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