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Yang F, Zhao X, Huo C, Miao X, Qin T, Chen S, Peng D, Liu X. An avian-origin internal backbone effectively increases the H5 subtype avian influenza vaccine candidate yield in both chicken embryonated eggs and MDCK cells. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103988. [PMID: 38970848 PMCID: PMC11269899 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Inactivated vaccines play an important role in preventing and controlling the epidemic caused by the H5 subtype avian influenza virus. The vaccine strains are updated in response to alterations in surface protein antigens, while an avian-derived vaccine internal backbone with a high replicative capacity in chicken embryonated eggs and MDCK cells is essential for vaccine development. In this study, we constructed recombinant viruses using the clade 2.3.4.4d A/chicken/Jiangsu/GY5/2017(H5N6, CkG) strain as the surface protein donor and the clade 2.3.4.4b A/duck/Jiangsu/84512/2017(H5N6, Dk8) strain with high replicative ability as an internal donor. After optimization, the integration of the M gene from the CkG into the internal genes from Dk8 (8GM) was selected as the high-yield vaccine internal backbone, as the combination improved the hemagglutinin1/nucleoprotein (HA1/NP) ratio in recombinant viruses. The r8GMΔG with attenuated hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from the CkG exhibited high-growth capacity in both chicken embryos and MDCK cell cultures. The inactivated r8GMΔG vaccine candidate also induced a higher hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer and microneutralization titer than the vaccine strain using PR8 as the internal backbone. Further, the inactivated r8GMΔG vaccine candidate provided complete protection against wild-type strain challenge. Therefore, our study provides a high-yield, easy-to-cultivate candidate donor as an internal gene backbone for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Chenzhi Huo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xinyu Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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2
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Ding X, Liu J, Jiang T, Wu A. Transmission restriction and genomic evolution co-shape the genetic diversity patterns of influenza A virus. Virol Sin 2024; 39:525-536. [PMID: 38423254 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) shows an extensive host range and rapid genomic variations, leading to continuous emergence of novel viruses with significant antigenic variations and the potential for cross-species transmission. This causes global pandemics and seasonal flu outbreaks, posing sustained threats worldwide. Thus, studying all IAVs' evolutionary patterns and underlying mechanisms is crucial for effective prevention and control. We developed FluTyping to identify IAV genotypes, to explore overall genetic diversity patterns and their restriction factors. FluTyping groups isolates based on genetic distance and phylogenetic relationships using whole genomes, enabling identification of each isolate's genotype. Three distinct genetic diversity patterns were observed: one genotype domination pattern comprising only H1N1 and H3N2 seasonal influenza subtypes, multi-genotypes co-circulation pattern including majority avian influenza subtypes and swine influenza H1N2, and hybrid-circulation pattern involving H7N9 and three H5 subtypes of influenza viruses. Furthermore, the IAVs in multi-genotypes co-circulation pattern showed region-specific dominant genotypes, implying the restriction of virus transmission is a key factor contributing to distinct genetic diversity patterns, and the genomic evolution underlying different patterns was more influenced by host-specific factors. In summary, a comprehensive picture of the evolutionary patterns of overall IAVs is provided by the FluTyping's identified genotypes, offering important theoretical foundations for future prevention and control of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, China; Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jingze Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, China; Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Taijiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510030, China.
| | - Aiping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, China; Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China.
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3
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An W, Lakhina S, Leong J, Rawat K, Husain M. Host Innate Antiviral Response to Influenza A Virus Infection: From Viral Sensing to Antagonism and Escape. Pathogens 2024; 13:561. [PMID: 39057788 PMCID: PMC11280125 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13070561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus possesses an RNA genome of single-stranded, negative-sensed, and segmented configuration. Influenza virus causes an acute respiratory disease, commonly known as the "flu" in humans. In some individuals, flu can lead to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Influenza A virus (IAV) is the most significant because it causes recurring seasonal epidemics, occasional pandemics, and zoonotic outbreaks in human populations, globally. The host innate immune response to IAV infection plays a critical role in sensing, preventing, and clearing the infection as well as in flu disease pathology. Host cells sense IAV infection through multiple receptors and mechanisms, which culminate in the induction of a concerted innate antiviral response and the creation of an antiviral state, which inhibits and clears the infection from host cells. However, IAV antagonizes and escapes many steps of the innate antiviral response by different mechanisms. Herein, we review those host and viral mechanisms. This review covers most aspects of the host innate immune response, i.e., (1) the sensing of incoming virus particles, (2) the activation of downstream innate antiviral signaling pathways, (3) the expression of interferon-stimulated genes, (4) and viral antagonism and escape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matloob Husain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (W.A.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (K.R.)
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Xia C, Wang T, Hahm B. Triggering Degradation of Host Cellular Proteins for Robust Propagation of Influenza Viruses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4677. [PMID: 38731896 PMCID: PMC11083682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Following infection, influenza viruses strive to establish a new host cellular environment optimized for efficient viral replication and propagation. Influenza viruses use or hijack numerous host factors and machinery not only to fulfill their own replication process but also to constantly evade the host's antiviral and immune response. For this purpose, influenza viruses appear to have formulated diverse strategies to manipulate the host proteins or signaling pathways. One of the most effective tactics is to specifically induce the degradation of the cellular proteins that are detrimental to the virus life cycle. Here, we summarize the cellular factors that are deemed to have been purposefully degraded by influenza virus infection. The focus is laid on the mechanisms for the protein ubiquitination and degradation in association with facilitated viral amplification. The fate of influenza viral infection of hosts is heavily reliant on the outcomes of the interplay between the virus and the host antiviral immunity. Understanding the processes of how influenza viruses instigate the protein destruction pathways could provide a foundation for the development of advanced therapeutics to target host proteins and conquer influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xia
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Bumsuk Hahm
- Departments of Surgery & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Shen L, Yue S. M6A-related bioinformatics analysis indicates that LRPPRC is an immune marker for ischemic stroke. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8852. [PMID: 38632288 PMCID: PMC11024132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a common cerebrovascular disease whose pathogenesis involves a variety of immune molecules, immune channels and immune processes. 6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification regulates a variety of immune metabolic and immunopathological processes, but the role of m6A in IS is not yet understood. We downloaded the data set GSE58294 from the GEO database and screened for m6A-regulated differential expression genes. The RF algorithm was selected to screen the m6A key regulatory genes. Clinical prediction models were constructed and validated based on m6A key regulatory genes. IS patients were grouped according to the expression of m6A key regulatory genes, and immune markers of IS were identified based on immune infiltration characteristics and correlation. Finally, we performed functional enrichment, protein interaction network analysis and molecular prediction of the immune biomarkers. We identified a total of 7 differentially expressed genes in the dataset, namely METTL3, WTAP, YWHAG, TRA2A, YTHDF3, LRPPRC and HNRNPA2B1. The random forest algorithm indicated that all 7 genes were m6A key regulatory genes of IS, and the credibility of the above key regulatory genes was verified by constructing a clinical prediction model. Based on the expression of key regulatory genes, we divided IS patients into 2 groups. Based on the expression of the gene LRPPRC and the correlation of immune infiltration under different subgroups, LRPPRC was identified as an immune biomarker for IS. GO enrichment analyses indicate that LRPPRC is associated with a variety of cellular functions. Protein interaction network analysis and molecular prediction indicated that LRPPRC correlates with a variety of immune proteins, and LRPPRC may serve as a target for IS drug therapy. Our findings suggest that LRPPRC is an immune marker for IS. Further analysis based on LRPPRC could elucidate its role in the immune microenvironment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianwei Shen
- Rehabitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, West Culture Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shouwei Yue
- Rehabitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, West Culture Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Qin T, Chen Y, Miao X, Shao M, Xu N, Mou C, Chen Z, Yin Y, Chen S, Yin Y, Gao L, Peng D, Liu X. Low-Temperature Adaptive Single-Atom Iron Nanozymes against Viruses in the Cold Chain. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309669. [PMID: 38216154 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Outbreaks of viral infectious diseases, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus (IAV), pose a great threat to human health. Viral spread is accelerated worldwide by the development of cold chain logistics; Therefore, an effective antiviral approach is required. In this study, it is aimed to develop a distinct antiviral strategy using nanozymes with low-temperature adaptability, suitable for cold chain logistics. Phosphorus (P) atoms are added to the remote counter position of Fe-N-C center to prepare FeN4P2-single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes), exhibiting lipid oxidase (OXD)-like activity at cold chain temperatures (-20, and 4 °C). This feature enables FeN4P2-SAzymes to disrupt multiple enveloped viruses (human, swine, and avian coronaviruses, and H1-H11 subtypes of IAV) by catalyzing lipid peroxidation of the viral lipid envelope. Under the simulated conditions of cold chain logistics, FeN4P2-SAzymes are successfully applied as antiviral coatings on outer packaging and personal protective equipment; Therefore, FeN4P2-SAzymes with low-temperature adaptability and broad-spectrum antiviral properties may serve as key materials for developing specific antiviral approaches to interrupt viral transmission through the cold chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yulian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Mengjuan Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Nuo Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Chunxiao Mou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yuncong Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yinyan Yin
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Guangling College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100700, P. R. China
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Henan, 451163, P. R. China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
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7
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Sun Z, Zhang W, Li J, Yang K, Zhang Y, Li Z. H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Downregulates FcRY Expression in Chicken Macrophage Cell Line HD11 by Activating the JNK MAPK Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2650. [PMID: 38473897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The H9N2 avian influenza virus causes reduced production performance and immunosuppression in chickens. The chicken yolk sac immunoglobulins (IgY) receptor (FcRY) transports from the yolk into the embryo, providing offspring with passive immunity to infection against common poultry pathogens. FcRY is expressed in many tissues/organs of the chicken; however, there are no reports investigating FcRY expression in chicken macrophage cells, and how H9N2-infected HD11 cells (a chicken macrophage-like cell line) regulate FcRY expression remains uninvestigated. This study used the H9N2 virus as a model pathogen to explore the regulation of FcRY expression in avian macrophages. FcRY was highly expressed in HD11 cells, as shown by reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions, and indirect immunofluorescence indicated that FcRY was widely expressed in HD11 cells. HD11 cells infected with live H9N2 virus exhibited downregulated FcRY expression. Transfection of eukaryotic expression plasmids encoding each viral protein of H9N2 into HD11 cells revealed that nonstructural protein (NS1) and matrix protein (M1) downregulated FcRY expression. In addition, the use of a c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activator inhibited the expression of FcRY, while a JNK inhibitor antagonized the downregulation of FcRY expression by live H9N2 virus, NS1 and M1 proteins. Finally, a dual luciferase reporter system showed that both the M1 protein and the transcription factor c-jun inhibited FcRY expression at the transcriptional level. Taken together, the transcription factor c-jun was a negative regulator of FcRY, while the live H9N2 virus, NS1, and M1 proteins downregulated the FcRY expression through activating the JNK signaling pathway. This provides an experimental basis for a novel mechanism of immunosuppression in the H9N2 avian influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
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Khalil AM, Nogales A, Martínez-Sobrido L, Mostafa A. Antiviral responses versus virus-induced cellular shutoff: a game of thrones between influenza A virus NS1 and SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1357866. [PMID: 38375361 PMCID: PMC10875036 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1357866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Following virus recognition of host cell receptors and viral particle/genome internalization, viruses replicate in the host via hijacking essential host cell machinery components to evade the provoked antiviral innate immunity against the invading pathogen. Respiratory viral infections are usually acute with the ability to activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in/on host cells, resulting in the production and release of interferons (IFNs), proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) to reduce virus fitness and mitigate infection. Nevertheless, the game between viruses and the host is a complicated and dynamic process, in which they restrict each other via specific factors to maintain their own advantages and win this game. The primary role of the non-structural protein 1 (NS1 and Nsp1) of influenza A viruses (IAV) and the pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), respectively, is to control antiviral host-induced innate immune responses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the genesis, spatial structure, viral and cellular interactors, and the mechanisms underlying the unique biological functions of IAV NS1 and SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 in infected host cells. We also highlight the role of both non-structural proteins in modulating viral replication and pathogenicity. Eventually, and because of their important role during viral infection, we also describe their promising potential as targets for antiviral therapy and the development of live attenuated vaccines (LAV). Conclusively, both IAV NS1 and SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 play an important role in virus-host interactions, viral replication, and pathogenesis, and pave the way to develop novel prophylactic and/or therapeutic interventions for the treatment of these important human respiratory viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Magdy Khalil
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Host Pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Center for Animal Health Research, CISA-INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Sobrido
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Host Pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Host Pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Cardenas M, Seibert B, Cowan B, Fraiha ALS, Carnaccini S, Gay LC, Faccin FC, Caceres CJ, Anderson TK, Vincent Baker AL, Perez DR, Rajao DS. Amino acid 138 in the HA of a H3N2 subtype influenza A virus increases affinity for the lower respiratory tract and alveolar macrophages in pigs. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012026. [PMID: 38377132 PMCID: PMC10906893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (FLUAV) infects a wide range of hosts and human-to-swine spillover events are frequently reported. However, only a few of these human viruses have become established in pigs and the host barriers and molecular mechanisms driving adaptation to the swine host remain poorly understood. We previously found that infection of pigs with a 2:6 reassortant virus (hVIC/11) containing the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene segments from the human strain A/Victoria/361/2011 (H3N2) and internal gene segments of an endemic swine strain (sOH/04) resulted in a fixed amino acid substitution in the HA (A138S, mature H3 HA numbering). In silico analysis revealed that S138 became predominant among swine H3N2 virus sequences deposited in public databases, while 138A predominates in human isolates. To understand the role of the HA A138S substitution in the adaptation of a human-origin FLUAV HA to swine, we infected pigs with the hVIC/11A138S mutant and analyzed pathogenesis and transmission compared to hVIC/11 and sOH/04. Our results showed that the hVIC/11A138S virus had an intermediary pathogenesis between hVIC/11 and sOH/04. The hVIC/11A138S infected the upper respiratory tract, right caudal, and both cranial lobes while hVIC/11 was only detected in nose and trachea samples. Viruses induced a distinct expression pattern of various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, TNF-α, and IFN-β. Flow cytometric analysis of lung samples revealed a significant reduction of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in hVIC/11A138S-infected pigs compared to hVIC/11 while a MHCIIlowCD163neg population was increased. The hVIC/11A138S showed a higher affinity for PAMs than hVIC/11, noted as an increase of infected PAMs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and showed no differences in the percentage of HA-positive PAMs compared to sOH/04. This increased infection of PAMs led to an increase of granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulation but a reduced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in the sOH/04-infected group. Analysis using the PAM cell line 3D4/21 revealed that the A138S substitution improved replication and apoptosis induction in this cell type compared to hVIC/11 but at lower levels than sOH/04. Overall, our study indicates that adaptation of human viruses to the swine host involves an increased affinity for the lower respiratory tract and alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Cardenas
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Brittany Seibert
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Brianna Cowan
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ana Luiza S. Fraiha
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Silvia Carnaccini
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - L. Claire Gay
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Flavio Cargnin Faccin
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - C. Joaquin Caceres
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tavis K. Anderson
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Vincent Baker
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Perez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Daniela S. Rajao
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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Yang W, Li L, Zhang J, Wu J, Kang W, Wang Y, Ding H, Li D, Zheng H. SNX32 is a host restriction factor that degrades African swine fever virus CP204L via the RAB1B-dependent autophagy pathway. J Virol 2024; 98:e0159923. [PMID: 38169281 PMCID: PMC10804981 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01599-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly contagious and deadly disease in domestic pigs and European wild boars, posing a severe threat to the global pig industry. ASFV CP204L, a highly immunogenic protein, is produced during the early stages of ASFV infection. However, the impact of CP204L protein-interacting partners on the outcome of ASFV infection is poorly understood. To accomplish this, coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis were conducted in ASFV-infected porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). We have demonstrated that sorting nexin 32 (SNX32) is a CP204L-binding protein and that CP204L interacted and colocalized with SNX32 in ASFV-infected PAMs. ASFV growth and replication were promoted by silencing SNX32 and suppressed by overexpressing SNX32. SNX32 degraded CP204L by recruiting the autophagy-related protein Ras-related protein Rab-1b (RAB1B). RAB1B overexpression inhibited ASFV replication, while knockdown of RAB1B had the opposite effect. Additionally, RAB1B, SNX32, and CP204L formed a complex upon ASFV infection. Taken together, this study demonstrates that SNX32 antagonizes ASFV growth and replication by recruiting the autophagy-related protein RAB1B. This finding extends our understanding of the interaction between ASFV CP204L and its host and provides new insights into exploring the relationship between ASFV infection and autophagy.IMPORTANCEAfrican swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease with a high mortality near 100% in domestic pigs. ASF virus (ASFV), which is the only member of the family Asfarviridae, is a dsDNA virus of great complexity and size, encoding more than 150 proteins. Currently, there are no available vaccines against ASFV. ASFV CP204L represents the most abundantly expressed viral protein early in infection and plays an important role in regulating ASFV replication. However, the mechanism by which the interaction between ASFV CP204L and host proteins affects ASFV replication remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the cellular protein SNX32 interacted with CP204L and degraded CP204L by upregulating the autophagy-related protein RAB1B. In summary, this study will help us understand the interaction mechanism between CP204L and its host upon infection and provide new insights for the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingxia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junhuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weifang Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
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11
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Liu W, Mu G, Jia Y, Yu M, Zhang S, Wang Z, Fang S. The role of IBV PL1pro in virus replication and suppression of host innate immune responses. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:270. [PMID: 38087313 PMCID: PMC10717896 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus papain-like proteases (PLpros) play a crucial role in virus replication and the evasion of the host immune response. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) encodes a proteolytically defective remnant of PL1pro and an active PL2pro. However, the function of PL1pro in IBV remains largely unknown. This study aims to explore the effect of PL1pro on virus replication and underlying mechanisms. RESULTS The recombinant viruses rIBV-ΔPL1pro and rIBV-ΔPL1pro-N were obtained using reverse genetic techniques through the deletion of the IBV PL1pro domain and the N-terminal conserved sequence of PL1pro (PL1pro-N). We observed significantly lower replication of rIBV-ΔPL1pro and rIBV-ΔPL1pro-N than wild-type IBV. Further investigation revealed that the lack of PL1pro-N in IBV decreased virus resistance to interferon (IFN) while also inducing host immune response by enhancing the production of IFN-β and activating the downstream STAT1 signaling pathway of IFNs. In addition, the overexpression of PL1pro-N significantly suppressed type I IFN response by down-regulating the expressions of genes in the IFN pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that IBV PL1pro plays a crucial role in IBV replication and the suppression of host innate immune responses, suggesting that IBV PL1pro could serve as a promising molecular target for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Liu
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ge Mu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434025, China
| | - Yiquan Jia
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434025, China
| | - Mengting Yu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434025, China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shouguo Fang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434025, China.
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12
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Rashid F, Xie Z, Li M, Xie Z, Luo S, Xie L. Roles and functions of IAV proteins in host immune evasion. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1323560. [PMID: 38152399 PMCID: PMC10751371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1323560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) evade the immune system of the host by several regulatory mechanisms. Their genomes consist of eight single-stranded segments, including nonstructural proteins (NS), basic polymerase 1 (PB1), basic polymerase 2 (PB2), hemagglutinin (HA), acidic polymerase (PA), matrix (M), neuraminidase (NA), and nucleoprotein (NP). Some of these proteins are known to suppress host immune responses. In this review, we discuss the roles, functions and underlying strategies adopted by IAV proteins to escape the host immune system by targeting different proteins in the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway, such as tripartite motif containing 25 (TRIM25), inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase (IKK), mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), type I interferon receptor (IFNAR1), interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), IRF7, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). To date, the IAV proteins NS1, NS2, PB1, PB1-F2, PB2, HA, and PA have been well studied in terms of their roles in evading the host immune system. However, the detailed mechanisms of NS3, PB1-N40, PA-N155, PA-N182, PA-X, M42, NA, and NP have not been well studied with respect to their roles in immune evasion. Moreover, we also highlight the future perspectives of research on IAV proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Rashid
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
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13
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Shi J, Shen A, Cheng Y, Zhang C, Yang X. 30-Year Development of Inactivated Virus Vaccine in China. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2721. [PMID: 38140062 PMCID: PMC10748258 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivated vaccines are vaccines made from inactivated pathogens, typically achieved by using chemical or physical methods to destroy the virus's ability to replicate. This type of vaccine can induce the immune system to produce an immune response against specific pathogens, thus protecting the body from infection. In China, the manufacturing of inactivated vaccines has a long history and holds significant importance among all the vaccines available in the country. This type of vaccine is widely used in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. China is dedicated to conducting research on new inactivated vaccines, actively promoting the large-scale production of inactivated vaccines, and continuously improving production technology and quality management. These efforts enable China to meet the domestic demand for inactivated vaccines and gain a certain competitive advantage in the international market. In the future, China will continue to devote itself to the research and production of inactivated vaccines, further enhancing the population's health levels and contributing to social development. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the 30-year evolution of inactivated virus vaccines in China, serving as a reference for the development and production of such vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Shi
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Ailin Shen
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
- China National Biotech Group Company Limited, Beijing 100029, China
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14
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Prakash S. mRNA-Based Nanomedicine: A New Strategy for Treating Infectious Diseases and Beyond. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:515-529. [PMID: 37656402 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a new therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases. The recent achievement of the two lipid nanoparticle-mRNA vaccines developed by Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech against coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease in record time highlights the huge potential of mRNA technology and reshaping the landscape of vaccine development and the future of gene therapies. Challenges related to translational efficacy, mRNA stability, immunogenicity, and ensuring the quality of final products have been significantly improved by recent advancements in mRNA engineering and delivery. Thus, the present review aims to provide the latest innovations that incrementally overcome these issues and future directions in the context of ongoing clinical trials against infectious diseases and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyendra Prakash
- Centre of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India.
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15
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Li D, Peng J, Wu J, Yi J, Wu P, Qi X, Ren J, Peng G, Duan X, Ru Y, Liu H, Tian H, Zheng H. African swine fever virus MGF-360-10L is a novel and crucial virulence factor that mediates ubiquitination and degradation of JAK1 by recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC5. mBio 2023; 14:e0060623. [PMID: 37417777 PMCID: PMC10470787 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00606-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes acute hemorrhagic infectious disease in pigs. The ASFV genome encodes various proteins that enable the virus to escape innate immunity; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The present study found that ASFV MGF-360-10L significantly inhibits interferon (IFN)-β-triggered STAT1/2 promoter activation and the production of downstream IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). ASFV MGF-360-10L deletion (ASFV-Δ10L) replication was impaired compared with the parental ASFV CN/GS/2018 strain, and more ISGs were induced by the ASFV-Δ10L in porcine alveolar macrophages in vitro. We found that MGF-360-10L mainly targets JAK1 and mediates its degradation in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, MGF-360-10L also mediates the K48-linked ubiquitination of JAK1 at lysine residues 245 and 269 by recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC5 (HECT and RLD domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 5). The virulence of ASFV-Δ10L was significantly lower than that of the parental strain in vivo, which indicates that MGF-360-10L is a novel virulence factor of ASFV. Our findings elaborate the novel mechanism of MGF-360-10L on the STAT1/2 signaling pathway, expanding our understanding of the inhibition of host innate immunity by ASFV-encoded proteins and providing novel insights that could contribute to the development of African swine fever vaccines. IMPORTANCE African swine fever outbreaks remain a concern in some areas. There is no effective drug or commercial vaccine to prevent African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection. In the present study, we found that overexpression of MGF-360-10L strongly inhibited the interferon (IFN)-β-induced STAT1/2 signaling pathway and the production of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Furthermore, we demonstrated that MGF-360-10L mediates the degradation and K48-linked ubiquitination of JAK1 by recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC5. The virulence of ASFV with MGF-360-10L deletion was significantly less than parental ASFV CN/GS/2018. Our study identified a new virulence factor and revealed a novel mechanism by which MGF-360-10L inhibits the immune response, thus providing new insights into the vaccination strategies against ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangling Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junhuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Panxue Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gaochuang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xianghan Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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16
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Wang T, Luo R, Zhang J, Lu Z, Li LF, Zheng YH, Pan L, Lan J, Zhai H, Huang S, Sun Y, Qiu HJ. The MGF300-2R protein of African swine fever virus is associated with viral pathogenicity by promoting the autophagic degradation of IKKα and IKKβ through the recruitment of TOLLIP. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011580. [PMID: 37566637 PMCID: PMC10446188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The multigene family genes (MGFs) in the left variable region (LVR) of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) genome have been reported to be involved in viral replication in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and virulence in pigs. However, the exact functions of key MGFs in the LVR that regulate the replication and virulence of ASFV remain unclear. In this study, we identified the MGF300-2R gene to be critical for viral replication in PAMs by deleting different sets of MGFs in the LVR from the highly virulent strain ASFV HLJ/18 (ASFV-WT). The ASFV mutant lacking the MGF300-2R gene (Del2R) showed a 1-log reduction in viral titer, and induced higher IL-1β and TNF-α production in PAMs than did ASFV-WT. Mechanistically, the MGF300-2R protein was found to interact with and degrade IKKα and IKKβ via the selective autophagy pathway. Furthermore, we showed that MGF300-2R promoted the K27-linked polyubiquitination of IKKα and IKKβ, which subsequently served as a recognition signal for the cargo receptor TOLLIP-mediated selective autophagic degradation. Importantly, Del2R exhibited a significant reduction in both replication and virulence compared with ASFV-WT in pigs, likely due to the increased IL-1β and TNF-α, indicating that MGF300-2R is a virulence determinant. These findings reveal that MGF300-2R suppresses host innate immune responses by mediating the degradation of IKKα and IKKβ, which provides clues to paving the way for the rational design of live attenuated vaccines to control ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- School of Life Science Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhanhao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Huanjie Zhai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shujian Huang
- School of Life Science Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- School of Life Science Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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17
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Yang H, Dong Y, Bian Y, Huo C, Zhu C, Qin T, Chen S, Peng D, Liu X. The synergistic effect of residues 32T and 550L in the PA protein of H5 subtype avian influenza virus contributes to viral pathogenicity in mice. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011489. [PMID: 37399196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The avian influenza virus (AIV) PA protein contributes to viral replication and pathogenicity; however, its interaction with innate immunity is not well understood. Here, we report that the H5 subtype AIV PA protein strongly suppresses host antiviral defense by interacting with and degrading a key protein in interferon (IFN) signaling, Janus kinase 1 (JAK1). Specifically, the AIV PA protein catalyzes the K48-linked polyubiquitination and degradation of JAK1 at lysine residue 249. Importantly, the AIV PA protein harboring 32T/550L degrades both avian and mammalian JAK1, while the AIV PA protein with residues 32M/550I degrades avian JAK1 only. Furthermore, the residues 32T/550L in PA protein confer optimum polymerase activity and AIV growth in mammalian cells. Notably, the replication and virulence of the AIV PA T32M/L550I mutant are attenuated in infected mice. Collectively, these data reveal an interference role for H5 subtype AIV PA protein in host innate immunity, which can be targeted for the development of specific and effective anti-influenza therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yurui Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenzhi Huo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuncheng Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Hu Y, Chen X, Ling Y, Zhou K, Han M, Wang X, Yue M, Li Y. Influenza A virus inhibits TET2 expression by endoribonuclease PA-X to attenuate type I interferon signaling and promote viral replication. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011550. [PMID: 37498975 PMCID: PMC10409264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) expresses several accessory proteins to limit host anti-viral restriction factors to facilitate viral replication. The Ten-Eleven Translocation 2 (TET2) is a methylcytosine dioxygenase that promotes DNA demethylation by catalyzing the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), which plays a vital role in hematopoiesis and immunity. Here we report that TET2 is a host restriction factor that limits IAV replication. But IAV endoribonuclease PA-X is able to remove the replication restriction by binding to TET2 mRNA and driving TET2 mRNA degradation to reduce TET2 expression during infection. Genetic inactivation of TET2 markedly enhances IAV replication in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that TET2 regulates demethylation and transcription of STAT1 and some interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), including ISG15, ISG20, and IFIT5, so the loss of TET2 greatly impairs type I Interferon signaling. Furthermore, we confirmed that TET2-mediated demethylation of the STAT1 gene is critical for interferon anti-viral activity. Our study demonstrates that the host TET2 is essential to the innate immune response against IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Hu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinru Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuehuan Ling
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meiqing Han
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingbo Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Yue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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19
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Wang X, Lin L, Chen Z, Si W, Yan Y, Dong W, Jin Y, Huang Y, Zhou J. Mutations at site 207 of influenza a virus NS1 protein switch its function in regulating RIG-I-like receptors mediated antiviral responses. Antiviral Res 2023; 215:105641. [PMID: 37230297 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), are pattern recognition receptors through which cells initially sense pathogenic RNA and trigger interferon (IFN) signaling. Herein, we report that interferon induced protein 35 (IFI35) activates the ring finger protein 125 (RNF125)-UbcH5c-dependent degradation of RLRs and represses the recognition by RIG-I and MDA5 of viral RNA to inhibit innate immunity. Furthermore, IFI35 binds selectively to different subtypes of influenza A virus (IAV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) with asparagine residue207 (N207). Functionally, the NS1(N207)-IFI35 interaction restores the activity of RLRs, and IAV with NS1(non-N207) showed high pathogenicity in mice. Big data analysis showed that the 21st century pandemic IAV are almost all characterized by NS1 protein with non-N207. Collectively, our data uncovered the mechanism of IFI35 restricting the activation of RLRs and provides a new drug target comprising the NS1 protein of different IAV subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbo Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Lulu Lin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, PR China
| | - Wei Si
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Yan Yan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Weiren Dong
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yulan Jin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China.
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20
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Xue C, Yao Q, Gu X, Shi Q, Yuan X, Chu Q, Bao Z, Lu J, Li L. Evolving cognition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway: autoimmune disorders and cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:204. [PMID: 37208335 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of transmembrane signal transduction that enables cells to communicate with the exterior environment. Various cytokines, interferons, growth factors, and other specific molecules activate JAK-STAT signaling to drive a series of physiological and pathological processes, including proliferation, metabolism, immune response, inflammation, and malignancy. Dysregulated JAK-STAT signaling and related genetic mutations are strongly associated with immune activation and cancer progression. Insights into the structures and functions of the JAK-STAT pathway have led to the development and approval of diverse drugs for the clinical treatment of diseases. Currently, drugs have been developed to mainly target the JAK-STAT pathway and are commonly divided into three subtypes: cytokine or receptor antibodies, JAK inhibitors, and STAT inhibitors. And novel agents also continue to be developed and tested in preclinical and clinical studies. The effectiveness and safety of each kind of drug also warrant further scientific trials before put into being clinical applications. Here, we review the current understanding of the fundamental composition and function of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. We also discuss advancements in the understanding of JAK-STAT-related pathogenic mechanisms; targeted JAK-STAT therapies for various diseases, especially immune disorders, and cancers; newly developed JAK inhibitors; and current challenges and directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinfan Yao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengyi Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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21
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Miao X, Yin Y, Chen Y, Bi W, Yin Y, Chen S, Peng D, Gao L, Qin T, Liu X. Bidirectionally Regulating Viral and Cellular Ferroptosis with Metastable Iron Sulfide Against Influenza Virus. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2206869. [PMID: 37092591 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus with numerous subtypes and frequent variation limits the development of high-efficacy and broad-spectrum antiviral strategy. Here, a novel multi-antiviral metastable iron sulfides (mFeS) against various influenza A/B subtype viruses is developed. This work finds that mFeS induces high levels of lipid peroxidation and •OH free radicals in the conservative viral envelope, which depends on Fe2+ . This phenomenon, termed as a viral ferroptosis, results in the loss of viral infectibility and pathogenicity in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Furthermore, the decoction of mFeS (Dc(mFeS)) inhibits cellular ferroptosis-dependent intracellular viral replication by correcting the virus-induced reprogrammed sulfur metabolism, a conserved cellular metabolism. Notably, personal protective equipment (PPE) that is loaded with mFeS provides good antiviral protection. Aerosol administration of mFeS combined with the decoction (mFeS&Dc) has a potential therapeutic effect against H1N1 lethal infection in mice. Collectively, mFeS represents an antiviral alternative with broad-spectrum activity against intracellular and extracellular influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yinyan Yin
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Guangling College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225000, P. R. China
| | - Yulian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yuncong Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
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22
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Xu W, Zhang Z, Lai F, Yang J, Qin Q, Huang Y, Huang X. Transcriptome analysis reveals the host immune response upon LMBV infection in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 137:108753. [PMID: 37080326 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is one of the important economical freshwater aquaculture species in China. However, the outbreak of viral diseases always caused great economic losses in the largemouth bass aquaculture industry. Largemouth bass virus (LMBV), a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to genus Ranavirus, family Iridoviridae causes high mortality in cultivated largemouth bass. However, host responses, especially the molecular events involved in LMBV infection still remained largely uncertain. Here, we established an in vivo model of LMBV infection, and systematically investigated the mRNA expression profiles of host genes in liver and spleen from infected largemouth bass using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Histopathological analysis indicated that necrotic cells and the formed necrotic focus were present in spleen, while numerous basophilic cells, hepatocytes volume shrinkage, nucleus pyknosis, and the disappeared boundary of hepatocytes were observed in the liver of infected largemouth bass. Transcriptomic analysis showed that transcription levels of 5128 genes (2804 up-regulated genes and 2324 down-regulated) in liver and 7008 genes (2603 up-regulated and 4405 down-regulated) in spleen were altered significantly. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that numerous co-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in liver and spleen were enriched in the pathways related to cell death and immune signaling, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and JAK-STAT signaling. Moreover, the DEGs specially regulated by LMBV infection in liver were significantly enriched in the KEGG pathways related to metabolism and cell death, while those in spleen were enriched in the immune related pathways. In addition, the expression changes of several randomly selected genes, such as SOCS1, IL-6, CXCL2, CASP8, CYC and TNF from qPCR were consistent with the transcriptomic data. Taken together, our findings will provide new insights into the fundamental patterns of molecular responses induced by LMBV in vivo, but also contribute greatly to understanding the host defense mechanisms against iridoviral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zemiao Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fuxiang Lai
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519082, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Youhua Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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23
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Jiang L, Chen H, Li C. Advances in deciphering the interactions between viral proteins of influenza A virus and host cellular proteins. CELL INSIGHT 2023; 2:100079. [PMID: 37193064 PMCID: PMC10134199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2023.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) poses a severe threat to the health of animals and humans. The genome of IAV consists of eight single-stranded negative-sense RNA segments, encoding ten essential proteins as well as certain accessory proteins. In the process of virus replication, amino acid substitutions continuously accumulate, and genetic reassortment between virus strains readily occurs. Due to this high genetic variability, new viruses that threaten animal and human health can emerge at any time. Therefore, the study on IAV has always been a focus of veterinary medicine and public health. The replication, pathogenesis, and transmission of IAV involve intricate interplay between the virus and host. On one hand, the entire replication cycle of IAV relies on numerous proviral host proteins that effectively allow the virus to adapt to its host and support its replication. On the other hand, some host proteins play restricting roles at different stages of the viral replication cycle. The mechanisms of interaction between viral proteins and host cellular proteins are currently receiving particular interest in IAV research. In this review, we briefly summarize the current advances in our understanding of the mechanisms by which host proteins affect virus replication, pathogenesis, or transmission by interacting with viral proteins. Such information about the interplay between IAV and host proteins could provide insights into how IAV causes disease and spreads, and might help support the development of antiviral drugs or therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hualan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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24
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Pan Y, Shu G, Fu L, Huang K, Zhou X, Gui C, Liu H, Jin X, Chen M, Li P, Cen J, Feng Z, Lu J, Chen Z, Li J, Xu Q, Wang Y, Liang H, Wang Z, Deng Q, Chen W, Luo J, Yang J, Zhang J, Wei J. EHBP1L1 Drives Immune Evasion in Renal Cell Carcinoma through Binding and Stabilizing JAK1. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206792. [PMID: 36775874 PMCID: PMC10104659 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High lymphocyte infiltration and immunosuppression characterize the tumor microenvironment (TME) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). There is an urgent need to elucidate how tumor cells escape the immune attack and to develop novel therapeutic targets to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in RCC. Overactivated IFN-γ-induced JAK/STAT signaling involves in such TME, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, EH domain-binding protein 1-like protein 1 (EHBP1L1) is identified as a crucial mediator of IFN-γ/JAK1/STAT1/PD-L1 signaling in RCC. EHBP1L1 is highly expressed in RCC, and high EHBP1L1 expression levels are correlated with poor prognosis and resistance to ICB. EHBP1L1 depletion significantly inhibits tumor growth, which is attributed to enhanced CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Mechanistically, EHBP1L1 interacts with and stabilizes JAK1. By competing with SOCS1, EHBP1L1 protects JAK1 from proteasomal degradation, which leads to elevated JAK1 protein levels and JAK1/STAT1/PD-L1 signaling activity, thereby forming an immunosuppressive TME. Furthermore, the combination of EHBP1L1 inhibition and ICB reprograms the immunosuppressive TME and prevents tumor immune evasion, thus significantly reinforcing the therapeutic efficacy of ICB in RCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. These findings reveal the vital role of EHBP1L1 in immune evasion in RCC, which may be a potential complement for ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Pan
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Department of UrologyThe Third Affiliated HospitalSoochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsu213003China
| | - Guannan Shu
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Liangmin Fu
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Kangbo Huang
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou510060China
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Xinwei Zhou
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Chengpeng Gui
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Huashan Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510655China
| | - Xiaohan Jin
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Minyu Chen
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Pengju Li
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Junjie Cen
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Zihao Feng
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Quanhui Xu
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Yinghan Wang
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Longhua People's HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhen518109China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Longhua People's HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhen518109China
| | - Qiong Deng
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Longhua People's HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhen518109China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Junhang Luo
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jiefeng Yang
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jinhuan Wei
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
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