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Chen X, Wenting A, Zhiqing H, Jia G, Zhao H. Taurine reduces glycolysis of pig skeletal muscle by inhibiting HIF-1α signaling. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31461. [PMID: 39373065 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of taurine on skeletal muscle glycolysis in pigs. The results showed that dietary supplementation of taurine significantly reduced the activities of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructose kinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase (PK) in finishing pigs. Meanwhile, taurine reduced the protein and mRNA expression levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and the mRNA expression of glycolytic enzyme related genes (such as HK type II, HK Ⅱ; pyruvate kinase M2, PKM2; lactate dehydrogenase A, LDHA). In addition, taurine reduced the expression of HIF-1α, lactate content, and the expression of glycolysis related genes in porcine myotubes. These results suggest that taurine may regulate glycolysis in skeletal muscle of finishing pigs through the HIF-1α signaling pathway. To further investigate the mechanism by which taurine affects skeletal glycolysis, HIF-1α activator dimethyloxalyl glycine (DMOG) was used to treat porcine myotubes, our results showed that DMOG significantly increased the protein and mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α, lactate content, and glycolytic enzyme (HK, PFK, PK, and LDH) activity, but taurine treatment significantly inhibited this effect. Taken together, these results of in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that taurine reduces skeletal muscle glycolysis by inhibiting HIF-1α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - An Wenting
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Huang Zhiqing
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Gang Jia
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Taranto D, Kloosterman DJ, Akkari L. Macrophages and T cells in metabolic disorder-associated cancers. Nat Rev Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41568-024-00743-1. [PMID: 39354070 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer and metabolic disorders have emerged as major global health challenges, reaching epidemic levels in recent decades. Often viewed as separate issues, metabolic disorders are shown by mounting evidence to heighten cancer risk and incidence. The intricacies underlying this connection are still being unraveled and encompass a complex interplay between metabolites, cancer cells and immune cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME). Here, we outline the interplay between metabolic and immune cell dysfunction in the context of three highly prevalent metabolic disorders, namely obesity; two associated liver diseases, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH); and type 2 diabetes. We focus primarily on macrophages and T cells, the critical roles of which in dictating inflammatory response and immune surveillance in metabolic disorder-associated cancers are widely reported. Moreover, considering the ever-increasing number of patients prescribed with metabolism disorder-altering drugs and diets in recent years, we discuss how these therapies modulate systemic and local immune phenotypes, consequently impacting cancer malignancy. Collectively, unraveling the determinants of metabolic disorder-associated immune landscape and their role in fuelling cancer malignancy will provide a framework essential to therapeutically address these highly prevalent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Taranto
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daan J Kloosterman
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Fan M, Zheng J, Huang Y, Lu M, Shang Z, Du M. Nanoparticle-mediated universal CAR-T therapy. Int J Pharm 2024; 666:124779. [PMID: 39349228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has been highly successful in treating hematological malignancies, leading to significant advancements in the cancer immunotherapy field. However, the typical CAR-T therapy necessitates the enrichment of patients' own leukocytes for ex vivo production of CAR-T cells, this customized pattern requires a complicated and time-consuming manufacturing procedure, making it costly and less accessible. The off-the-shelf universal CAR-T strategy could reduce manufacturing costs and realize timely drug administration, presenting as an ideal substitute for typical CAR-T therapy. Utilizing nanocarriers for targeted gene delivery is one of the approaches for the realization of universal CAR-T therapy, as biocompatible and versatile nanoparticles could deliver CAR genes to generate CAR-T cells in vivo. Nanoparticle-mediated in situ generation of CAR-T cells possesses multiple advantages, including lowered cost, simplified manufacturing procedure, and shortened administration time, this strategy is anticipated to provide a potentially cost-effective alternative to current autologous CAR-T cell manufacturing, thus facilitating the prevalence and improvement of CAR-T therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Fan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Zheng
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi Shang
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mingwei Du
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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4
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Zhang T, Chen L, Kueth G, Shao E, Wang X, Ha T, Williams DL, Li C, Fan M, Yang K. Lactate's impact on immune cells in sepsis: unraveling the complex interplay. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1483400. [PMID: 39372401 PMCID: PMC11449721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1483400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactate significantly impacts immune cell function in sepsis and septic shock, transcending its traditional view as just a metabolic byproduct. This review summarizes the role of lactate as a biomarker and its influence on immune cell dynamics, emphasizing its critical role in modulating immune responses during sepsis. Mechanistically, key lactate transporters like MCT1, MCT4, and the receptor GPR81 are crucial in mediating these effects. HIF-1α also plays a significant role in lactate-driven immune modulation. Additionally, lactate affects immune cell function through post-translational modifications such as lactylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation, which alter enzyme activities and protein functions. These interactions between lactate and immune cells are central to understanding sepsis-associated immune dysregulation, offering insights that can guide future research and improve therapeutic strategies to enhance patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Linjian Chen
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Gatkek Kueth
- James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Emily Shao
- Program in Neuroscience, College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Tuanzhu Ha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - David L. Williams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Chuanfu Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Min Fan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
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5
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Farkas AM, Youssef D, Tran MA, Balan S, Newman JH, Audenet F, Anastos H, Velazquez LG, Peros A, Ananthanarayanan A, Daza J, Gonzalez-Gugel E, Sadanala K, Theorell J, Galsky MD, Horowitz A, Sfakianos JP, Bhardwaj N. Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction In Human Bladder Cancer Is Caused By Tissue-Specific Suppression of SLAMF6 Signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.30.591366. [PMID: 38746459 PMCID: PMC11092609 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.30.591366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
NK cells are innate lymphocytes critical for surveillance of viruses and tumors, however the mechanisms underlying NK cell dysfunction in cancer are incompletely understood. We assessed the effector function of NK cells from bladder cancer patients and found severe dysfunction in NK cells derived from tumors versus peripheral blood. While both peripheral and tumor-infiltrating NK cells exhibited conserved patterns of inhibitory receptor over-expression, this did not explain the observed defects in NK surveillance in bladder tumors. Rather, TME-specific TGF-β and metabolic perturbations such as hypoxia directly suppressed NK cell function. Specifically, an oxygen-dependent reduction in signaling through SLAMF6 was mechanistically responsible for poor NK cell function, as tumor-infiltrating NK cells cultured ex vivo under normoxic conditions exhibited complete restoration of function, while deletion of SLAMF6 abrogated NK cell cytolytic function even under normoxic conditions. Collectively, this work highlights the role of tissue-specific factors in dictating NK cell function, and implicates SLAMF6 signaling as a rational target for immuno-modulation to improve NK cell function in bladder cancer.
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Baldwin JG, Heuser-Loy C, Saha T, Schelker RC, Slavkovic-Lukic D, Strieder N, Hernandez-Lopez I, Rana N, Barden M, Mastrogiovanni F, Martín-Santos A, Raimondi A, Brohawn P, Higgs BW, Gebhard C, Kapoor V, Telford WG, Gautam S, Xydia M, Beckhove P, Frischholz S, Schober K, Kontarakis Z, Corn JE, Iannacone M, Inverso D, Rehli M, Fioravanti J, Sengupta S, Gattinoni L. Intercellular nanotube-mediated mitochondrial transfer enhances T cell metabolic fitness and antitumor efficacy. Cell 2024:S0092-8674(24)00956-5. [PMID: 39276774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial loss and dysfunction drive T cell exhaustion, representing major barriers to successful T cell-based immunotherapies. Here, we describe an innovative platform to supply exogenous mitochondria to T cells, overcoming these limitations. We found that bone marrow stromal cells establish nanotubular connections with T cells and leverage these intercellular highways to transplant stromal cell mitochondria into CD8+ T cells. Optimal mitochondrial transfer required Talin 2 on both donor and recipient cells. CD8+ T cells with donated mitochondria displayed enhanced mitochondrial respiration and spare respiratory capacity. When transferred into tumor-bearing hosts, these supercharged T cells expanded more robustly, infiltrated the tumor more efficiently, and exhibited fewer signs of exhaustion compared with T cells that did not take up mitochondria. As a result, mitochondria-boosted CD8+ T cells mediated superior antitumor responses, prolonging animal survival. These findings establish intercellular mitochondrial transfer as a prototype of organelle medicine, opening avenues to next-generation cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy G Baldwin
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Christoph Heuser-Loy
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tanmoy Saha
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roland C Schelker
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dragana Slavkovic-Lukic
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas Strieder
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Nisha Rana
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany; University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Barden
- Division of Genetic Immunotherapy, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Mastrogiovanni
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Azucena Martín-Santos
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Philip Brohawn
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Early R&I, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Claudia Gebhard
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Veena Kapoor
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William G Telford
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sanjivan Gautam
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Xydia
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany; Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sina Frischholz
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zacharias Kontarakis
- Genome Engineering and Measurement Laboratory (GEML), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Functional Genomics Center Zürich, ETH Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jacob E Corn
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Donato Inverso
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Rehli
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Next Generation Sequencing Core, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Fioravanti
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shiladitya Sengupta
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Luca Gattinoni
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Immunomedicine in Transplantation and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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7
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Arunachalam AK, Grégoire C, Coutinho de Oliveira B, Melenhorst JJ. Advancing CAR T-cell therapies: Preclinical insights and clinical translation for hematological malignancies. Blood Rev 2024:101241. [PMID: 39289094 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2024.101241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has achieved significant success in achieving durable and potentially curative responses in patients with hematological malignancies. CARs are tailored fusion proteins that direct T cells to a specific antigen on tumor cells thereby eliciting a targeted immune response. The approval of several CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapies has resulted in a notable surge in clinical trials involving CAR T cell therapies for hematological malignancies. Despite advancements in understanding response mechanisms, resistance patterns, and adverse events associated with CAR T-cell therapy, the translation of these insights into robust clinical efficacy has shown modest outcomes in both clinical trials and real-world scenarios. Therefore, the assessment of CAR T-cell functionality through rigorous preclinical studies plays a pivotal role in refining therapeutic strategies for clinical applications. This review provides an overview of the various in vitro and animal models used to assess the functionality of CAR T-cells. We discuss the findings from preclinical research involving approved CAR T-cell products, along with the implications derived from recent preclinical studies aiming to optimize the functionality of CAR T-cells. The review underscores the importance of robust preclinical evaluations and the need for models that accurately replicate human disease to bridge the gap between preclinical success and clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Arunachalam
- Cell Therapy & Immuno-Engineering Program, Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America
| | - Céline Grégoire
- Cell Therapy & Immuno-Engineering Program, Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America
| | - Beatriz Coutinho de Oliveira
- Cell Therapy & Immuno-Engineering Program, Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America
| | - Jan Joseph Melenhorst
- Cell Therapy & Immuno-Engineering Program, Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America.
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8
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Hu Y, Zhang Y, Shi F, Yang R, Yan J, Han T, Guan L. Reversal of T-cell exhaustion: Mechanisms and synergistic approaches. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112571. [PMID: 38941674 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
T cells suffer from long-term antigen stimulation and insufficient energy supply, leading to a decline in their effector functions, memory capabilities, and proliferative capacity, ultimately resulting in T cell exhaustion and an inability to perform normal immune functions in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, exploring how to restore these exhausted T cells to a state with effector functions is of great significance. Exhausted T cells exhibit a spectrum of molecular alterations, such as heightened expression of inhibitory receptors, shifts in transcription factor profiles, and modifications across epigenetic, metabolic, and transcriptional landscapes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various strategies to reverse T cell exhaustion, including immune checkpoint blockade, and explores the potential synergistic effects of combining multiple approaches to reverse T cell exhaustion. It offers new insights and methods for achieving more durable and effective reversal of T cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Fenfen Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ruihan Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiayu Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tao Han
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Liping Guan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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9
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Li X, Liu Y, Gui J, Gan L, Xue J. Cell Identity and Spatial Distribution of PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Responders. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400702. [PMID: 39248327 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis inhibits T cell activity, impairing anti-tumor immunity. Blocking this axis with therapeutic antibodies is one of the most promising anti-tumor immunotherapies. It has long been recognized that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade reinvigorates exhausted T (TEX) cells already present in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, recent advancements in high-throughput gene sequencing and bioinformatic tools have provided researchers with a more granular and dynamic insight into PD-1/PD-L1 blockade-responding cells, extending beyond the TME and TEX populations. This review provides an update on the cell identity, spatial distribution, and treatment-induced spatiotemporal dynamics of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade responders. It also provides a synopsis of preliminary reports of potential PD-1/PD-L1 blockade responders other than T cells to depict a panoramic picture. Important questions to answer in further studies and the translational and clinical potential of the evolving understandings are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Li
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuanxin Liu
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Research Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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10
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Qin J, Wang C, Zhou X. Glutathione regulates CIA-activated splenic-lymphocytes via NF-κB/MMP-9 and MAPK/PCNA pathways manipulating immune response. Cell Immunol 2024; 405-406:104866. [PMID: 39250860 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Reduced glutathione (GSH) is an antioxidant involved in redox homeostasis, and recently regarded as an inducer of Reductive stress. Its immune-regulatory effects on lymphocytes have not been extensively studied. This study is based on the finding that much increased GSH level in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat spleen, and aimed to investigate the effects of GSH (0, 1, 10, 100 mM) on normal and immune-stimulated spleen lymphocytes respectively. The elevated GSH level is associated with the increased levels of inflammatory factors; especially the increased DPP1 activity indicated immune-granulocytes activation in CIA rat spleen. Exogenous GSH had different influences on normal and CIA lymphocytes, affecting intracellular levels of GSH, Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) and Reactive oxygen species (ROS); as well as the expressions of NF-κB, MMP-9, Bcl-2, GST, P38, PCNA and TLR4. The increased extracellular GSH level disturbed redox homeostasis and induces reductive stress to spleen lymphocytes, which decreased intracellular GSH concentration and influenced the MAPK/PCNA and NF-κB/MMP-9 signaling pathways, as well as cell cycles respectively, leading to cell senescence/ferroptosis/apoptosis. This study also revealed the multiple faces of GSH in regulating spleen lymphocytes, which depended on its levels in tissue or in cells, and the activation status of lymphocytes. These findings indicate the immune-regulatory role of GSH on spleen-lymphocytes, and the high level GSH in CIA rat spleens may contribute to CIA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Cheli Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China.
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11
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Díaz-Basilio F, Vergara-Mendoza M, Romero-Rodríguez J, Hernández-Rizo S, Escobedo-Calvario A, Fuentes-Romero LL, Pérez-Patrigeon S, Murakami-Ogasawara A, Gomez-Palacio M, Reyes-Terán G, Jiang W, Vázquez-Pérez JA, Marín-Hernández Á, Romero-Rodríguez DP, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, Viveros-Rogel M, Espinosa E. The ecto-enzyme CD38 modulates CD4T cell immunometabolic responses and participates in HIV pathogenesis. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:440-455. [PMID: 38466822 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite abundant evidence correlating T cell CD38 expression and HIV infection pathogenesis, its role as a CD4T cell immunometabolic regulator remains unclear. We find that CD38's extracellular glycohydrolase activity restricts metabolic reprogramming after T cell receptor (TCR)-engaging stimulation in Jurkat T CD4 cells, together with functional responses, while reducing intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide mononucleotide concentrations. Selective elimination of CD38's ectoenzyme function licenses them to decrease the oxygen consumption rate/extracellular acidification rate ratio upon TCR signaling and to increase cycling, proliferation, survival, and CD40L induction. Pharmacological inhibition of ecto-CD38 catalytic activity in TM cells from chronic HIV-infected patients rescued TCR-triggered responses, including differentiation and effector functions, while reverting abnormally increased basal glycolysis, cycling, and spontaneous proinflammatory cytokine production. Additionally, ecto-CD38 blockage normalized basal and TCR-induced mitochondrial morphofunctionality, while increasing respiratory capacity in cells from HIV+ patients and healthy individuals. Ectoenzyme CD38's immunometabolic restriction of TCR-involving stimulation is relevant to CD4T cell biology and to the deleterious effects of CD38 overexpression in HIV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Díaz-Basilio
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
- PECEM Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moisés Vergara-Mendoza
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jessica Romero-Rodríguez
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sharik Hernández-Rizo
- Laboratory for Cellular Physiology and Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Escobedo-Calvario
- Laboratory for Cellular Physiology and Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis-León Fuentes-Romero
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Santiago Pérez-Patrigeon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Akio Murakami-Ogasawara
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases (CIENI), National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Gomez-Palacio
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases (CIENI), National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Reyes-Terán
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases (CIENI), National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley Ave. BSB- 214C, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Joel-Armando Vázquez-Pérez
- Laboratory for Emergent Diseases and COPD, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Álvaro Marín-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dámaris-Priscila Romero-Rodríguez
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María-Concepción Gutiérrez-Ruiz
- Laboratory for Cellular Physiology and Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Viveros-Rogel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Espinosa
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Zhao J, Wang Z, Tian Y, Ning J, Ye H. T cell exhaustion and senescence for ovarian cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 104-105:1-15. [PMID: 39032717 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological malignancy, and its treatment remains challenging. Although ovarian cancer may respond to immunotherapy because of endogenous immunity at the molecular or T cell level, immunotherapy has so far not had the desired effect. The functional status of preexisting T cells is an indispensable determinant of powerful antitumor immunity and immunotherapy. T cell exhaustion and senescence are two crucial states of T cell dysfunction, which share some overlapping phenotypic and functional features, but each status possesses unique molecular and developmental signatures. It has been widely accepted that exhaustion and senescence of T cells are important strategies for cancer cells to evade immunosurveillance and maintain the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Herein, this review summarizes the phenotypic and functional features of exhaust and senescent T cells, and describes the key drivers of the two T cell dysfunctional states in the tumor microenvironment and their functional roles in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, we present a summary of the molecular machinery and signaling pathways governing T cell exhaustion and senescence. Possible strategies that can prevent and/or reverse T cell dysfunction are also explored. An in-depth understanding of exhausted and senescent T cells will provide novel strategies to enhance immunotherapy of ovarian cancer through redirecting tumor-specific T cells away from a dysfunctional developmental trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhao
- Department of Gynecology Surgery 3, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Zhongmiao Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases 1, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Yingying Tian
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy 2, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of General Internal Medicine (VIP Ward), Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China.
| | - Huinan Ye
- Department of Digestive Diseases 1, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China.
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13
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Pandey S, Anang V, Schumacher MM. Tumor microenvironment induced switch to mitochondrial metabolism promotes suppressive functions in immune cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 389:67-103. [PMID: 39396850 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the intricacies of the metabolic phenotype in immune cells and its plasticity within the tumor microenvironment is pivotal in understanding the pathology and prognosis of cancer. Unfavorable conditions and cellular stress in the tumor microenvironment (TME) exert a profound impact on cellular functions in immune cells, thereby influencing both tumor progression and immune responses. Elevated AMP:ATP ratio, a consequence of limited glucose levels, activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) while concurrently repressing the activity of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α). The intricate balance between AMPK, mTOR, and HIF-1α activities defines the metabolic phenotype of immune cells in the TME. These Changes in metabolic phenotype are strongly associated with immune cell functions and play a crucial role in creating a milieu conducive to tumor progression. Insufficiency of nutrient and oxygen supply leads to a metabolic shift in immune cells characterized by a decrease in glycolysis and an increase in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) rates. In most cases, this shift in metabolism is accompanied by a compromise in the effector functions of these immune cells. This metabolic adaptation prompts immune cells to turn down their effector functions, entering a quiescent or immunosuppressive state that may support tumor growth. This article discusses how tumor microenvironment alters the metabolism in immune cells leading to their tolerance and tumor progression, with emphasis on mitochondrial metabolism (OXPHOS and FAO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Pandey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiorke Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - Vandana Anang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.
| | - Michelle M Schumacher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiorke Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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14
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Gholami A. Cancer stem cell-derived exosomes in CD8 + T cell exhaustion. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112509. [PMID: 38889509 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are one of the most important ways of intercellular communication and signaling. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) secrete EVs to modulate immune checkpoint molecules and evade immune surveillance. Activated CD8+ T cells known as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are the most powerful anti-cancer adaptive cells. Their activity is compromised upon encountering cells and signaling within the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in hyporesponsiveness called exhaustion. CSC-derived exosomes express programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and upregulate programmed death-1 (PD-1) on CD8+ T cells to promote their exhaustion. PD-L1 expression on tumor-derived exosomes appears to be induced by CSC-derived exosomes containing transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Tenascin-C is another constituent of CSC exosomes that acts on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in T cells. Glycolysis is a metabolic event promoted by the inducing effect of CSC-derived exosomes on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). CSC interaction with CD8+ T cells is even more complex as the CSC-derived exosomes contain Notch1 to stimulate stemness in non-tumor cells, and the inducible effect of Notch1 on PD-1 promotes CD8+ T cell exhaustion. CSC exosome targeting has not been extensively studied yet. Advances in the field will open up new therapeutic windows and shape the future of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Gholami
- Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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15
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He J, Gao L, Wang P, Chan WK, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Sun J, Li X, Wang J, Li XH, Chen H, Yang Z, Wang Y. Prdm1 positively regulates liver Group 1 ILCs cancer immune surveillance and preserves functional heterogeneity. eLife 2024; 13:RP92948. [PMID: 39133873 PMCID: PMC11318973 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) comprise conventional natural killer (cNK) cells and type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s). The main functions of liver cNK cells and ILC1s not only include directly killing target cells but also regulating local immune microenvironment of the liver through the secretion of cytokines. Uncovering the intricate mechanisms by which transcriptional factors regulate and influence the functions of liver cNK cells and ILC1s, particularly within the context of liver tumors, presents a significant opportunity to amplify the effectiveness of immunotherapies against liver malignancies. Using Ncr1-drived conditional knockout mouse model, our study reveals the regulatory role of Prdm1 in shaping the composition and maturation of cNK cells. Although Prdm1 did not affect the killing function of cNK cells in an in vivo cytotoxicity model, a significant increase in cancer metastasis was observed in Prdm1 knockout mice. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), granzyme B, and perforin secretion decreased significantly in Prdm1-deficient cNK cells and liver ILC1s. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data also provided evidences that Prdm1 maintains functional subsets of cNK cells and liver ILC1s and facilitates communications between cNK cells, liver ILC1s, and macrophages. The present study unveiled a novel regulatory mechanism of Prdm1 in cNK cells and liver ILC1s, showing promising potential for developing innovative immune therapy strategies against liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitian He
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Translational Medicine, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Le Gao
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Translational Medicine, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Peiying Wang
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Translational Medicine, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Wing Keung Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State UniversityColumbusUnited States
| | - Yiran Zheng
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Translational Medicine, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yumo Zhang
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Translational Medicine, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jiaman Sun
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Translational Medicine, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jiming Wang
- Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA) HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Translational Medicine, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Zhouxin Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Youwei Wang
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Translational Medicine, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
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16
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Van der Vreken A, Vanderkerken K, De Bruyne E, De Veirman K, Breckpot K, Menu E. Fueling CARs: metabolic strategies to enhance CAR T-cell therapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:66. [PMID: 38987856 PMCID: PMC11238373 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CAR T cells are widely applied for relapsed hematological cancer patients. With six approved cell therapies, for Multiple Myeloma and other B-cell malignancies, new insights emerge. Profound evidence shows that patients who fail CAR T-cell therapy have, aside from antigen escape, a more glycolytic and weakened metabolism in their CAR T cells, accompanied by a short lifespan. Recent advances show that CAR T cells can be metabolically engineered towards oxidative phosphorylation, which increases their longevity via epigenetic and phenotypical changes. In this review we elucidate various strategies to rewire their metabolism, including the design of the CAR construct, co-stimulus choice, genetic modifications of metabolic genes, and pharmacological interventions. We discuss their potential to enhance CAR T-cell functioning and persistence through memory imprinting, thereby improving outcomes. Furthermore, we link the pharmacological treatments with their anti-cancer properties in hematological malignancies to ultimately suggest novel combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Van der Vreken
- Translational Oncology Research Center, Team Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Translational Oncology Research Center, Team Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Translational Oncology Research Center, Team Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Translational Oncology Research Center, Team Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Translational Oncology Research Center, Team Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Translational Oncology Research Center, Team Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, 1090, Belgium.
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17
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Dai W, Guo R, Na X, Jiang S, Liang J, Guo C, Fang Y, Na Z, Li D. Hypoxia and the endometrium: An indispensable role for HIF-1α as therapeutic strategies. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103205. [PMID: 38815332 PMCID: PMC11167393 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a major molecular mediator of the hypoxic response. In the endometrium, local hypoxic conditions induced by hormonal fluctuations and endometrial vascular remodeling contribute to the production of HIF-1α, which plays an indispensable role in a series of physiological activities, such as menstruation and metamorphosis. The sensitive regulation of HIF-1α maintains the cellular viability and regenerative capacity of the endometrium against cellular stresses induced by hypoxia and excess reactive oxygen species. In contrast, abnormal HIF-1α levels exacerbate the development of various endometrial pathologies. This knowledge opens important possibilities for the development of promising HIF-1α-centered strategies to ameliorate endometrial disease. Nonetheless, additional efforts are required to elucidate the regulatory network of endometrial HIF-1α and promote the applications of HIF-1α-centered strategies in the human endometrium. Here, we summarize the role of the HIF-1α-mediated pathway in endometrial physiology and pathology, highlight the latest HIF-1α-centered strategies for treating endometrial diseases, and improve endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Dai
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Renhao Guo
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinni Na
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuyi Jiang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junzhi Liang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cuishan Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, China.
| | - Zhijing Na
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, China.
| | - Da Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.
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18
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Huang B, Bopp T, Li G. 8th Sino-German symposium on immunology: fostering mutual trust and collaborative endeavors for advancing immunological science. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:798-799. [PMID: 38822078 PMCID: PMC11214616 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Guideng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China.
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19
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Shi H, Chen S, Chi H. Immunometabolism of CD8 + T cell differentiation in cancer. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:610-626. [PMID: 38693002 PMCID: PMC11342304 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are central mediators of tumor immunity and immunotherapies. Upon tumor antigen recognition, CTLs differentiate from naive/memory-like toward terminally exhausted populations with more limited function against tumors. Such differentiation is regulated by both immune signals, including T cell receptors (TCRs), co-stimulation, and cytokines, and metabolism-associated processes. These immune signals shape the metabolic landscape via signaling, transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, while metabolic processes in turn exert spatiotemporal effects to modulate the strength and duration of immune signaling. Here, we review the bidirectional regulation between immune signals and metabolic processes, including nutrient uptake and intracellular metabolic pathways, in shaping CTL differentiation and exhaustion. We also discuss the mechanisms underlying how specific nutrient sources and metabolite-mediated signaling events orchestrate CTL biology. Understanding how metabolic programs and their interplay with immune signals instruct CTL differentiation and exhaustion is crucial to uncover tumor-immune interactions and design novel immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sidi Chen
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; System Biology Institute, Integrated Science & Technology Center, West Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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20
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Qiu Y, Xie E, Xu H, Cheng H, Li G. One-carbon metabolism shapes T cell immunity in cancer. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00160-7. [PMID: 38925992 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
One-carbon metabolism (1CM), comprising folate metabolism and methionine metabolism, serves as an important mechanism for cellular energy provision and the production of vital signaling molecules, including single-carbon moieties. Its regulation is instrumental in sustaining the proliferation of cancer cells and facilitating metastasis; in addition, recent research has shed light on its impact on the efficacy of T cell-mediated immunotherapy. In this review, we consolidate current insights into how 1CM affects T cell activation, differentiation, and functionality. Furthermore, we delve into the strategies for modulating 1CM in both T cells and tumor cells to enhance the efficacy of adoptively transferred T cells, overcome metabolic challenges in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and maximize the benefits of T cell-mediated immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Qiu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ermei Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haipeng Xu
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian, 350011, China
| | - Hongcheng Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guideng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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Huang A, Sun Z, Hong H, Yang Y, Chen J, Gao Z, Gu J. Novel hypoxia- and lactate metabolism-related molecular subtyping and prognostic signature for colorectal cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:587. [PMID: 38902737 PMCID: PMC11191174 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious global health burden because of its high morbidity and mortality rates. Hypoxia and massive lactate production are hallmarks of the CRC microenvironment. However, the effects of hypoxia and lactate metabolism on CRC have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to develop a novel molecular subtyping based on hypoxia-related genes (HRGs) and lactate metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) and construct a signature to predict the prognosis of patients with CRC and treatment efficacy. METHODS Bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing and clinical data of CRC were downloaded from the TCGA and GEO databases. HRGs and LMRGs were obtained from the Molecular Signatures Database. The R software package DESeq2 was used to perform differential expression analysis. Molecular subtyping was performed using unsupervised clustering. A predictive signature was developed using univariate Cox regression, random forest model, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Finally, the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents before and after hypoxia was verified using in vitro experiments. RESULTS We classified 575 patients with CRC into three molecular subtypes and were able to distinguish their prognoses clearly. The C1 subtype, which exhibits high levels of hypoxia, has a low proportion of CD8 + T cells and a high proportion of macrophages. The expression of immune checkpoint genes is generally elevated in C1 patients with severe immune dysfunction. Subsequently, we constructed a predictive model, the HLM score, which effectively predicts the prognosis of patients with CRC and the efficacy of immunotherapy. The HLM score was validated in GSE39582, GSE106584, GSE17536, and IMvigor210 datasets. Patients with high HLM scores exhibit high infiltration of CD8 + exhausted T cells (Tex), especially terminal Tex, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-Tex in the immune microenvironment. Finally, in vitro experiments confirmed that CRC cell lines were less sensitive to 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSION We constructed novel hypoxia- and lactate metabolism-related molecular subtypes and revealed their immunological and genetic characteristics. We also developed an HLM scoring system that could be used to predict the prognosis and efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhuang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Haopeng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Zhaoya Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, 100144, China
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, 100144, China.
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22
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Lee KJ, Choi D, Tae N, Song HW, Kang YW, Lee M, Moon D, Oh Y, Park S, Kim JH, Jeong S, Yang J, Park U, Hong DH, Byun MS, Park SH, Sohn J, Park Y, Im SK, Choi SS, Kim DH, Lee SW. IL-7-primed bystander CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes optimize the antitumor efficacy of T cell engager immunotherapy. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101567. [PMID: 38744277 PMCID: PMC11148861 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Bispecific T cell engagers (TCEs) show promising clinical efficacy in blood tumors, but their application to solid tumors remains challenging. Here, we show that Fc-fused IL-7 (rhIL-7-hyFc) changes the intratumoral CD8 T cell landscape, enhancing the efficacy of TCE immunotherapy. rhIL-7-hyFc induces a dramatic increase in CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in various solid tumors, but the majority of these cells are PD-1-negative tumor non-responsive bystander T cells. However, they are non-exhausted and central memory-phenotype CD8 T cells with high T cell receptor (TCR)-recall capacity that can be triggered by tumor antigen-specific TCEs to acquire tumoricidal activity. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals that rhIL-7-hyFc-induced bystander CD8 TILs transform into cycling transitional T cells by TCE redirection with decreased memory markers and increased cytotoxic molecules. Notably, TCE treatment has no major effect on tumor-reactive CD8 TILs. Our results suggest that rhIL-7-hyFc treatment promotes the antitumor efficacy of TCE immunotherapy by increasing TCE-sensitive bystander CD8 TILs in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Joo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Choi
- Research Institute of NeoImmuneTech, Inc., Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Tae
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Won Song
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Woo Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- Research Institute of NeoImmuneTech, Inc., Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dain Moon
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsik Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hae Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Siheon Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Uni Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hee Hong
- Genexine Inc., Seoul 07789, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Byun
- Genexine Inc., Seoul 07789, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyuk Sohn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunji Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kyoung Im
- Research Institute of NeoImmuneTech, Inc., Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Shim Choi
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae Hee Kim
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Wang C, Zhao M, Bin P, Ye Y, Chen Q, Tang Z, Ren W. Serine synthesis controls mitochondrial biogenesis in macrophages. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn2867. [PMID: 38758794 PMCID: PMC11100566 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is the pivotal driving factor of multiple inflammatory diseases, and targeting mitochondrial biogenesis represents an efficacious approach to ameliorate such dysfunction in inflammatory diseases. Here, we demonstrated that phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) deficiency promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in inflammatory macrophages. Mechanistically, PHGDH deficiency boosts mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) by suppressing cytoplasmic glutathione synthesis. mtROS provokes hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling to direct nuclear specificity protein 1 and nuclear respiratory factor 1 transcription. Moreover, myeloid Phgdh deficiency reverses diet-induced obesity. Collectively, this study reveals that a mechanism involving de novo serine synthesis orchestrates mitochondrial biogenesis via mitochondrial-to-nuclear communication, and provides a potential therapeutic target for tackling inflammatory diseases and mitochondria-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Animal Nutrition and Bio-feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Muyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peng Bin
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuyi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Animal Nutrition and Bio-feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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24
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Kumar V, Stewart Iv JH. Pattern-Recognition Receptors and Immunometabolic Reprogramming: What We Know and What to Explore. J Innate Immun 2024; 16:295-323. [PMID: 38740018 PMCID: PMC11250681 DOI: 10.1159/000539278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evolutionarily, immune response is a complex mechanism that protects the host from internal and external threats. Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize MAMPs, PAMPs, and DAMPs to initiate a protective pro-inflammatory immune response. PRRs are expressed on the cell membranes by TLR1, 2, 4, and 6 and in the cytosolic organelles by TLR3, 7, 8, and 9, NLRs, ALRs, and cGLRs. We know their downstream signaling pathways controlling immunoregulatory and pro-inflammatory immune response. However, the impact of PRRs on metabolic control of immune cells to control their pro- and anti-inflammatory activity has not been discussed extensively. SUMMARY Immune cell metabolism or immunometabolism critically determines immune cells' pro-inflammatory phenotype and function. The current article discusses immunometabolic reprogramming (IR) upon activation of different PRRs, such as TLRs, NLRs, cGLRs, and RLRs. The duration and type of PRR activated, species studied, and location of immune cells to specific organ are critical factors to determine the IR-induced immune response. KEY MESSAGE The work herein describes IR upon TLR, NLR, cGLR, and RLR activation. Understanding IR upon activating different PRRs is critical for designing better immune cell-specific immunotherapeutics and immunomodulators targeting inflammation and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical Education Building-C, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John H Stewart Iv
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical Education Building-C, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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25
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Zotta A, O'Neill LAJ, Yin M. Unlocking potential: the role of the electron transport chain in immunometabolism. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:259-273. [PMID: 38503657 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The electron transport chain (ETC) couples electron transfer with proton pumping to generate ATP and it also regulates particular innate and adaptive immune cell function. While NLRP3 inflammasome activation was initially linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced from Complexes I and III, recent research suggests that an intact ETC fueling ATP is needed. Complex II may be responsible for Th1 cell proliferation and in some cases, effector cytokine production. Complex III is required for regulatory T (Treg) cell function, while oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and Complexes I, IV, and V sustain proliferation and antibody production in B lymphocytes, with OXPHOS also being required for B regulatory (Breg) cell function. Despite challenges, the ETC shows therapeutic targeting potential for immune-related diseases and in immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Zotta
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Maureen Yin
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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26
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Lv Y, Luo X, Xie Z, Qiu J, Yang J, Deng Y, Long R, Tang G, Zhang C, Zuo J. Prospects and challenges of CAR-T cell therapy combined with ICIs. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1368732. [PMID: 38571495 PMCID: PMC10989075 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1368732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules are a group of molecules expressed on the surface of immune cells that primarily regulate their immune homeostasis. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is an immunotherapeutic technology that realizes tumor-targeted killing by constructing synthetic T cells expressing specific antigens through biotechnology. Currently, CAR-T cell therapy has achieved good efficacy in non-solid tumors, but its treatment of solid tumors has not yielded the desired results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with CAR-T cell therapy is a novel combination therapy with high expectations to defeat solid tumors. This review addresses the challenges and expectations of this combination therapy in the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Lv
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xinyu Luo
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhuoyi Xie
- Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jieya Qiu
- Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jinsai Yang
- Computer Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuqi Deng
- Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Rou Long
- Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyang Tang
- Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chaohui Zhang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jianhong Zuo
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Computer Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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27
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Greier MDC, Runge A, Dudas J, Hartl R, Santer M, Dejaco D, Steinbichler TB, Federspiel J, Seifarth C, Konschake M, Sprung S, Sopper S, Randhawa A, Mayr M, Hofauer BG, Riechelmann H. Cytotoxic response of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of head and neck cancer slice cultures under mitochondrial dysfunction. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1364577. [PMID: 38515569 PMCID: PMC10954813 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1364577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are highly heterogeneous tumors. In the harsh tumor microenvironment (TME), metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial dysfunction may lead to immunosuppressive phenotypes. Aerobic glycolysis is needed for the activation of cytotoxic T-cells and the absence of glucose may hamper the full effector functions of cytotoxic T-cells. To test the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction on cytotoxic T cell function, slice cultures (SC) of HNSCC cancer were cultivated under different metabolic conditions. Methods Tumor samples from 21 patients with HNSCC were collected, from which, SC were established and cultivated under six different conditions. These conditions included high glucose, T cell stimulation, and temporarily induced mitochondrial dysfunction (MitoDys) using FCCP and oligomycin A with or without additional T cell stimulation, high glucose and finally, a control medium. Over three days of cultivation, sequential T cell stimulation and MitoDys treatments were performed. Supernatant was collected, and SC were fixed and embedded. Granzyme B was measured in the supernatant and in the SC via immunohistochemistry (IHC). Staining of PD1, CD8/Ki67, and cleaved-caspase-3 (CC3) were performed in SC. Results Hematoxylin eosin stains showed that overall SC quality remained stable over 3 days of cultivation. T cell stimulation, both alone and combined with MitoDys, led to significantly increased granzyme levels in SC and in supernatant. Apoptosis following T cell stimulation was observed in tumor and stroma. Mitochondrial dysfunction alone increased apoptosis in tumor cell aggregates. High glucose concentration alone had no impact on T cell activity and apoptosis. Apoptosis rates were significantly lower under conditions with high glucose and MitoDys (p=0.03). Conclusion Stimulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in SC was feasible, which led to increased apoptosis in tumor cells. Induced mitochondrial dysfunction did not play a significant role in the activation and function of TILs in SC of HNSCC. Moreover, high glucose concentration did not promote cytotoxic T cell activity in HNSCC SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria do Carmo Greier
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Annette Runge
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jozsef Dudas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roland Hartl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Santer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Dejaco
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Julia Federspiel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christof Seifarth
- Institute for Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marko Konschake
- Institute for Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Sprung
- INNPATH GmbH, Institute for Pathology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sieghart Sopper
- Clinic for Internal Medicine V, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Avneet Randhawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Rutgers University Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | | | - Benedikt Gabriel Hofauer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Riechelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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28
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Ma L, Han T, Zhan YA. Mechanism and role of mitophagy in the development of severe infection. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:88. [PMID: 38374038 PMCID: PMC10876966 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria produce adenosine triphosphate and potentially contribute to proinflammatory responses and cell death. Mitophagy, as a conservative phenomenon, scavenges waste mitochondria and their components in the cell. Recent studies suggest that severe infections develop alongside mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy abnormalities. Restoring mitophagy protects against excessive inflammation and multiple organ failure in sepsis. Here, we review the normal mitophagy process, its interaction with invading microorganisms and the immune system, and summarize the mechanism of mitophagy dysfunction during severe infection. We highlight critical role of normal mitophagy in preventing severe infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiu Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tianyu Han
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi-An Zhan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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29
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Xuekai L, Yan S, Jian C, Yifei S, Xinyue W, Wenyuan Z, Shuwen H, Xi Y. Advances in reprogramming of energy metabolism in tumor T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1347181. [PMID: 38415258 PMCID: PMC10897011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of human death worldwide, and the modulation of the metabolic properties of T cells employed in cancer immunotherapy holds great promise for combating cancer. As a crucial factor, energy metabolism influences the activation, proliferation, and function of T cells, and thus metabolic reprogramming of T cells is a unique research perspective in cancer immunology. Special conditions within the tumor microenvironment and high-energy demands lead to alterations in the energy metabolism of T cells. In-depth research on the reprogramming of energy metabolism in T cells can reveal the mechanisms underlying tumor immune tolerance and provide important clues for the development of new tumor immunotherapy strategies as well. Therefore, the study of T cell energy metabolism has important clinical significance and potential applications. In the study, the current achievements in the reprogramming of T cell energy metabolism were reviewed. Then, the influencing factors associated with T cell energy metabolism were introduced. In addition, T cell energy metabolism in cancer immunotherapy was summarized, which highlighted its potential significance in enhancing T cell function and therapeutic outcomes. In summary, energy exhaustion of T cells leads to functional exhaustion, thus resulting in immune evasion by cancer cells. A better understanding of reprogramming of T cell energy metabolism may enable immunotherapy to combat cancer and holds promise for optimizing and enhancing existing therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Xuekai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Song Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chu Jian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China
- Department of Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou, China
| | - Song Yifei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China
- Department of Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou, China
| | - Wu Xinyue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China
- Department of Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou, China
| | - Zhang Wenyuan
- Department of Gynecology, Heyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heyuan, China
| | - Han Shuwen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China
- Department of Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China
- Department of Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou, China
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30
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Richter FC, Saliutina M, Hegazy AN, Bergthaler A. Take my breath away-mitochondrial dysfunction drives CD8 + T cell exhaustion. Genes Immun 2024; 25:4-6. [PMID: 38253749 PMCID: PMC10873195 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Clemens Richter
- Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| | - Mariia Saliutina
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, ein Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmed N Hegazy
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, ein Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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Pandey S, Cholak ME, Yadali R, Sosman JA, Tetreault MP, Fang D, Pollack SM, Gnjatic S, Obeng RC, Lyerly HK, Sonabend AM, Guevara-Patiño JA, Butterfield LH, Zhang B, Maecker HT, Le Poole IC. Immune Assessment Today: Optimizing and Standardizing Efforts to Monitor Immune Responses in Cancer and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:475. [PMID: 38339227 PMCID: PMC10854499 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As part of a symposium, current and former directors of Immune Monitoring cores and investigative oncologists presented insights into the past, present and future of immune assessment. Dr. Gnjatic presented a classification of immune monitoring technologies ranging from universally applicable to experimental protocols, while emphasizing the need for assay harmonization. Dr. Obeng discussed physiologic differences among CD8 T cells that align with anti-tumor responses. Dr. Lyerly presented the Soldano Ferrone lecture, commemorating the passionate tumor immunologist who inspired many, and covered a timeline of monitoring technology development and its importance to immuno-oncology. Dr. Sonabend presented recent achievements in glioblastoma treatment, accentuating the range of monitoring techniques that allowed him to refine patient selection for clinical trials. Dr. Guevara-Patiño focused on hypoxia within the tumor environment and stressed that T cell viability is not to be confused with functionality. Dr. Butterfield accentuated monitoring of dendritic cell metabolic (dys)function as a determinant for tumor vaccine success. Lectures were interspersed with select abstract presentations. To summarize the concepts, Dr. Maecker from Stanford led an informative forum discussion, pointing towards the future of immune monitoring. Immune monitoring continues to be a guiding light towards effective immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Pandey
- Immunotherapy Assessment Core, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.P.); (M.E.C.); (R.Y.); (B.Z.)
| | - Meghan E. Cholak
- Immunotherapy Assessment Core, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.P.); (M.E.C.); (R.Y.); (B.Z.)
| | - Rishita Yadali
- Immunotherapy Assessment Core, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.P.); (M.E.C.); (R.Y.); (B.Z.)
| | - Jeffrey A. Sosman
- Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (J.A.S.); (M.-P.T.); (D.F.); (S.M.P.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Marie-Pier Tetreault
- Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (J.A.S.); (M.-P.T.); (D.F.); (S.M.P.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Deyu Fang
- Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (J.A.S.); (M.-P.T.); (D.F.); (S.M.P.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Seth M. Pollack
- Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (J.A.S.); (M.-P.T.); (D.F.); (S.M.P.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Rebecca C. Obeng
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - H. Kim Lyerly
- Center for Applied Therapeutics, Duke Cancer Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Adam M. Sonabend
- Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (J.A.S.); (M.-P.T.); (D.F.); (S.M.P.); (A.M.S.)
| | | | - Lisa H. Butterfield
- Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Immunotherapy Assessment Core, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.P.); (M.E.C.); (R.Y.); (B.Z.)
- Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (J.A.S.); (M.-P.T.); (D.F.); (S.M.P.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Holden T. Maecker
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - I. Caroline Le Poole
- Immunotherapy Assessment Core, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.P.); (M.E.C.); (R.Y.); (B.Z.)
- Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (J.A.S.); (M.-P.T.); (D.F.); (S.M.P.); (A.M.S.)
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Li F, Wang Y, Chen D, Du Y. Nanoparticle-Based Immunotherapy for Reversing T-Cell Exhaustion. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1396. [PMID: 38338674 PMCID: PMC10855737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell exhaustion refers to a state of T-cell dysfunction commonly observed in chronic infections and cancer. Immune checkpoint molecules blockading using PD-1 and TIM-3 antibodies have shown promising results in reversing exhaustion, but this approach has several limitations. The treatment of T-cell exhaustion is still facing great challenges, making it imperative to explore new therapeutic strategies. With the development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles have successfully been applied as drug carriers and delivery systems in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Furthermore, nanoparticle-based immunotherapy has emerged as a crucial approach to reverse exhaustion. Here, we have compiled the latest advances in T-cell exhaustion, with a particular focus on the characteristics of exhaustion that can be targeted. Additionally, the emerging nanoparticle-based delivery systems were also reviewed. Moreover, we have discussed, in detail, nanoparticle-based immunotherapies that aim to reverse exhaustion, including targeting immune checkpoint blockades, remodeling the tumor microenvironment, and targeting the metabolism of exhausted T cells, etc. These data could aid in comprehending the immunopathogenesis of exhaustion and accomplishing the objective of preventing and treating chronic diseases or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Yahong Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.W.); (D.C.)
| | - Dandan Chen
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.W.); (D.C.)
| | - Yunjie Du
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
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