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Cao X, Wang C, Luo X, Yue L, White JC, Wang Z, Xing B. Nano- and Microplastics Increase the Occurrence of Bacterial Wilt in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). ACS NANO 2024; 18:18071-18084. [PMID: 38924759 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Concern over nano- and microplastic contamination of terrestrial ecosystems has been increasing. However, little is known about the effect of nano- and microplastics on the response of terrestrial ecosystems already under biotic stress. Here, nano- and microplastics at 150-500 mg·kg-1 were exposed to tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.), and the results demonstrate that the presence of nano- and microplastics increased the occurrence of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in tomatoes as a function of contaminant concentration, surface modification, and size. Our work shows that nanoplastics (30 nm, 250 mg·kg-1) increased the disease incidence by 2.19-fold. The disease severities in amino- and carboxyl-modified nanoplastic treatments were 30.4 and 21.7% higher than that in unmodified nanoplastic treatment, respectively. The severity of disease under the influence of different-sized nano- and microplastic treatments followed the order 30 > 100 nm > 1 > 50 μm. Mechanistically, nanoplastics disrupted the structure of the tomato rhizosphere soil bacterial community and suppressed the induced systemic resistance in tomato; nanoplastics in planta decreased the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid content in tomatoes, thus inhibiting systemic acquired resistance; and microplastics increased the soil water retention, leading to increased pathogen abundance in the rhizosphere. Additionally, the leachates from nano- and microplastics had no effect on disease occurrence or the growth of tomatoes. Our findings highlight a potential risk of nano- and microplastic contamination to agriculture sustainability and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Cao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xing Luo
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Ali S, Tyagi A, Mir ZA. Plant Immunity: At the Crossroads of Pathogen Perception and Defense Response. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1434. [PMID: 38891243 PMCID: PMC11174815 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Plants are challenged by different microbial pathogens that affect their growth and productivity. However, to defend pathogen attack, plants use diverse immune responses, such as pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), effector-triggered immunity (ETI), RNA silencing and autophagy, which are intricate and regulated by diverse signaling cascades. Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors are the hallmarks of plant innate immunity because they can detect pathogen or related immunogenic signals and trigger series of immune signaling cascades at different cellular compartments. In plants, most commonly, PRRs are receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs) that function as a first layer of inducible defense. In this review, we provide an update on how plants sense pathogens, microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or MAMPs), and effectors as a danger signals and activate different immune responses like PTI and ETI. Further, we discuss the role RNA silencing, autophagy, and systemic acquired resistance as a versatile host defense response against pathogens. We also discuss early biochemical signaling events such as calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hormones that trigger the activation of different plant immune responses. This review also highlights the impact of climate-driven environmental factors on host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Plant Science and Agriculture, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2M 0TB, Canada;
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Jiang Y, Chen X, Cao X, Wang C, Yue L, Li X, Wang Z. Mechanistic insight into the intensification of arsenic toxicity to rice (Oryza sativa L.) by nanoplastic: Phytohormone and glutathione metabolism modulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134086. [PMID: 38521034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, nanoplastic (NPs) at environmentally relevant concentration (0.001% w/w) had no effect on the growth of rice, while significantly elevated the phytotoxicity of As (III) by 9.4-22.8% based on the endpoints of biomass and photosynthesis. Mechanistically, NPs at 0.001% w/w enhanced As accumulation in the rice shoots and roots by 70.9% and 24.5%, respectively. Reasons of this finding can was that (1) the co-exposure with As and NPs significantly decreased abscisic acid content by 16.0% in rice, with subsequent increasing the expression of aquaporin related genes by 2.1- to 2.7-folds as compared with As alone treatment; (2) the presence of NPs significantly inhibited iron plaque formation on rice root surface by 22.5%. We firstly demonstrated that "Trojan horse effect" had no contribution to the enhancement of As accumulation by NPs exposure. Additionally, NPs disrupted the salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and glutathione metabolism, which subsequently enhancing the oxidation (7.0%) and translocation (37.0%) of in planta As, and reducing arsenic detoxification pathways (e.g., antioxidative system (28.6-37.1%), As vacuolar sequestration (36.1%), and As efflux (18.7%)). Our findings reveal that the combined toxicity of NPs and traditional contaminations should be considered for realistic evaluations of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xuesong Cao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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4
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Ladeynova M, Kuznetsova D, Pecherina A, Vodeneev V. pH change accompanying long-distance electrical signal controls systemic jasmonate biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 296:154225. [PMID: 38522214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Local damaging stimuli cause a rapid increase in the content of the defense phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) and its biologically active derivative jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) in undamaged distal tissues. The increase in JA and JA-Ile levels was coincident with a rapid decrease in the levels of the precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA). The propagation of a stimulus-induced long-distance electrical signal, variation potential (VP), which is accompanied by intracellular changes in pH and Ca2+ levels, preceded systemic changes in jasmonate content. The decrease in pH during VP, mediated by transient inactivation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase, induced the conversion of OPDA to JA, probably by regulating the availability of the OPDA substrate to JA biosynthetic enzymes. The regulation of systemic synthesis of JA and JA-Ile by the Ca2+ wave accompanying VP most likely occurs by the same mechanism of pH-induced conversion of OPDA to JA due to Ca2+-mediated decrease in pH as a result of H+-ATPase inactivation. Thus, the transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels and the transient decrease in intracellular pH are most likely the key mechanisms of VP-mediated regulation of jasmonate production in systemic tissues upon local stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ladeynova
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Darya Kuznetsova
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anna Pecherina
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vladimir Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Qin S, Li W, Zeng J, Huang Y, Cai Q. Rice tetraspanins express in specific domains of diverse tissues and regulate plant architecture and root growth. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:892-908. [PMID: 37955978 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Tetraspanins (TETs) are small transmembrane scaffold proteins that distribute proteins into highly organized microdomains, consisting of adaptors and signaling proteins, which play important roles in various biological events. In plants, understanding of tetraspanin is limited to the Arabidopsis TET genes' expression pattern and their function in leaf and root growth. Here, we comprehensively analyzed all rice tetraspanin (OsTET) family members, including their gene expression pattern, protein topology, and subcellular localization. We found that the core domain of OsTETs is conserved and shares a similar topology of four membrane-spanning domains with animal and plant TETs. OsTET genes are partially overlapping expressed in diverse tissue domains in vegetative and reproductive organs. OsTET proteins preferentially targeted the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutation analysis showed that OsTET5, OsTET6, OsTET9, and OsTET10 regulated plant height and tillering, and that OsTET13 controlled root growth in association with the jasmonic acid pathway. In summary, our work provides systematic new insights into the function of OsTETs in rice growth and development, and the data provides valuable resources for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jiayue Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Wang J, Cui Y, Li S, Gao X, Zhang K, Shen X. Transcriptome analysis of Artemisia argyi following methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment and the mining of genes related to the stress resistance pathway. Front Genet 2023; 14:1279850. [PMID: 38028600 PMCID: PMC10652873 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1279850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisia argyi Lev. et Vant. (A. argyi) is a perennial grass in the Artemisia family, the plant has a strong aroma. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is critical to plant growth and development, stress response, and secondary metabolic processes. The experimental material Artemisia argyi was utilized in this study to investigate the treatment of A. argyi with exogenous MeJA at concentrations of 100 and 200 μmol/L for durations of 9 and 24 h respectively. Transcriptome sequencing was conducted using the Illumina HiSeq platform to identify stress resistance-related candidate genes. Finally, a total of 102.43 Gb of data were obtained and 162,272 unigenes were identified. Differential analysis before and after MeJA treatment resulted in the screening of 20,776 differentially expressed genes. The GO classification revealed that the annotated unigenes were categorized into three distinct groups: cellular component, molecular function, and biological process. Notably, binding, metabolic process, and cellular process emerged as the most prevalent categories among them. The results of KEGG pathway statistical analysis revealed that plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway-plant, and plant-pathogen interaction were significant transduction pathways in A. argyi's response to exogenous MeJA-induced abiotic stress. With the alteration of exogenous MeJA concentration and duration, a significant upregulation was observed in the expression levels of calmodulin CaM4 (ID: EVM0136224) involved in MAPK signaling pathway-plant and auxin response factor ARF (ID: EVM0055178) associated with plant-pathogen interaction. The findings of this study establish a solid theoretical foundation for the future development of highly resistant varieties of A. argyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Yupeng Cui
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Shuyan Li
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Xinqiang Gao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Xiangling Shen
- Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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Marzorati F, Rossi R, Bernardo L, Mauri P, Silvestre DD, Lauber E, Noël LD, Murgia I, Morandini P. Arabidopsis thaliana Early Foliar Proteome Response to Root Exposure to the Rhizobacterium Pseudomonas simiae WCS417. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:737-748. [PMID: 37470457 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-23-0071-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas simiae WCS417 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that improves plant health and development. In this study, we investigate the early leaf responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to WCS417 exposure and the possible involvement of formate dehydrogenase (FDH) in such responses. In vitro-grown A. thaliana seedlings expressing an FDH::GUS reporter show a significant increase in FDH promoter activity in their roots and shoots after 7 days of indirect exposure (without contact) to WCS417. After root exposure to WCS417, the leaves of FDH::GUS plants grown in the soil also show an increased FDH promoter activity in hydathodes. To elucidate early foliar responses to WCS417 as well as FDH involvement, the roots of A. thaliana wild-type Col and atfdh1-5 knock-out mutant plants grown in soil were exposed to WCS417, and proteins from rosette leaves were subjected to proteomic analysis. The results reveal that chloroplasts, in particular several components of the photosystems PSI and PSII, as well as members of the glutathione S-transferase family, are among the early targets of the metabolic changes induced by WCS417. Taken together, the alterations in the foliar proteome, as observed in the atfdh1-5 mutant, especially after exposure to WCS417 and involving stress-responsive genes, suggest that FDH is a node in the early events triggered by the interactions between A. thaliana and the rhizobacterium WCS417. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marzorati
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossana Rossi
- Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Letizia Bernardo
- Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Emmanuelle Lauber
- Laboratoire des interactions plantes-microbes-environnement CNRS-INRAE, University of Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Laurent D Noël
- Laboratoire des interactions plantes-microbes-environnement CNRS-INRAE, University of Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Irene Murgia
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Piero Morandini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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8
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Bajguz A, Piotrowska-Niczyporuk A. Biosynthetic Pathways of Hormones in Plants. Metabolites 2023; 13:884. [PMID: 37623827 PMCID: PMC10456939 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytohormones exhibit a wide range of chemical structures, though they primarily originate from three key metabolic precursors: amino acids, isoprenoids, and lipids. Specific amino acids, such as tryptophan, methionine, phenylalanine, and arginine, contribute to the production of various phytohormones, including auxins, melatonin, ethylene, salicylic acid, and polyamines. Isoprenoids are the foundation of five phytohormone categories: cytokinins, brassinosteroids, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and strigolactones. Furthermore, lipids, i.e., α-linolenic acid, function as a precursor for jasmonic acid. The biosynthesis routes of these different plant hormones are intricately complex. Understanding of these processes can greatly enhance our knowledge of how these hormones regulate plant growth, development, and physiology. This review focuses on detailing the biosynthetic pathways of phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bajguz
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
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Hatch CE, Chain WJ. Electrochemically Enabled Total Syntheses of Natural Products. ChemElectroChem 2023; 10:e202300140. [PMID: 38106361 PMCID: PMC10723087 DOI: 10.1002/celc.202300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical techniques have helped to enable the total synthesis of natural products since the pioneering work of Kolbe in the mid 1800's. The electrochemical toolset grows every day and these new possibilities change the way chemists look at and think about natural products. This review provides a perspective on total syntheses wherein electrochemical techniques enabled the carbon─carbon bond formations in the skeletal assembly of important natural products, discussion of mechanistic details, and representative examples of the bond formations enabled over the last several decades. These bond formations are often distinctly different from those possible with conventional chemistries and allow assemblies complementary to other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Hatch
- Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 E. 68 St., New York, NY, 10065 (United States)
| | - William J Chain
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 163 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716 (United States)
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10
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Song G, Son S, Nam S, Suh EJ, Lee SI, Park SR. OsWRKY114 Is a Player in Rice Immunity against Fusarium fujikuroi. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076604. [PMID: 37047576 PMCID: PMC10094899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Every year, invasive pathogens cause significant damage to crops. Thus, identifying genes conferring broad-spectrum resistance to invading pathogens is critical for plant breeding. We previously demonstrated that OsWRKY114 contributes to rice (Oryza sativa L.) immunity against the bacterial pathovar Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). However, it is not known whether OsWRKY114 is involved in defense responses to other pathogens. In this study, we revealed that OsWRKY114 enhances innate immunity in rice against the fungal pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi, which is the causal agent of bakanae disease. Transcript levels of various gibberellin-related genes that are required for plant susceptibility to F. fujikuroi were reduced in rice plants overexpressing OsWRKY114. Analysis of disease symptoms revealed increased innate immunity against F. fujikuroi in OsWRKY114-overexpressing rice plants. Moreover, the expression levels of OsJAZ genes, which encode negative regulators of jasmonic acid signaling that confer immunity against F. fujikuroi, were reduced in OsWRKY114-overexpressing rice plants. These results indicate that OsWRKY114 confers broad-spectrum resistance not only to Xoo but also to F. fujikuroi. Our findings provide a basis for developing strategies to mitigate pathogen attack and improve crop resilience to biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giha Song
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Son
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyeon Nam
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
- Department of Crop Science & Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Suh
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo In Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ryeol Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
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Scandola S, Mehta D, Li Q, Rodriguez Gallo MC, Castillo B, Uhrig RG. Multi-omic analysis shows REVEILLE clock genes are involved in carbohydrate metabolism and proteasome function. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1005-1023. [PMID: 35670757 PMCID: PMC9516735 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants are able to sense changes in their light environments, such as the onset of day and night, as well as anticipate these changes in order to adapt and survive. Central to this ability is the plant circadian clock, a molecular circuit that precisely orchestrates plant cell processes over the course of a day. REVEILLE (RVE) proteins are recently discovered members of the plant circadian circuitry that activate the evening complex and PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR genes to maintain regular circadian oscillation. The RVE8 protein and its two homologs, RVE 4 and 6 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), have been shown to limit the length of the circadian period, with rve 4 6 8 triple-knockout plants possessing an elongated period along with increased leaf surface area, biomass, cell size, and delayed flowering relative to wild-type Col-0 plants. Here, using a multi-omics approach consisting of phenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics we draw new connections between RVE8-like proteins and a number of core plant cell processes. In particular, we reveal that loss of RVE8-like proteins results in altered carbohydrate, organic acid, and lipid metabolism, including a starch excess phenotype at dawn. We further demonstrate that rve 4 6 8 plants have lower levels of 20S proteasome subunits and possess significantly reduced proteasome activity, potentially explaining the increase in cell-size observed in RVE8-like mutants. Overall, this robust, multi-omic dataset provides substantial insight into the far-reaching impact RVE8-like proteins have on the diel plant cell environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiaomu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Brigo Castillo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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12
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Sohn SI, Pandian S, Rakkammal K, Largia MJV, Thamilarasan SK, Balaji S, Zoclanclounon YAB, Shilpha J, Ramesh M. Jasmonates in plant growth and development and elicitation of secondary metabolites: An updated overview. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:942789. [PMID: 36035665 PMCID: PMC9407636 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.942789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites are incontestably key specialized molecules with proven health-promoting effects on human beings. Naturally synthesized secondary metabolites are considered an important source of pharmaceuticals, food additives, cosmetics, flavors, etc., Therefore, enhancing the biosynthesis of these relevant metabolites by maintaining natural authenticity is getting more attention. The application of exogenous jasmonates (JAs) is well recognized for its ability to trigger plant growth and development. JAs have a large spectrum of action that covers seed germination, hypocotyl growth regulation, root elongation, petal expansion, and apical hook growth. This hormone is considered as one of the key regulators of the plant's growth and development when the plant is under biotic or abiotic stress. The JAs regulate signal transduction through cross-talking with other genes in plants and thereby deploy an appropriate metabolism in the normal or stressed conditions. It has also been found to be an effective chemical elicitor for the synthesis of naturally occurring secondary metabolites. This review discusses the significance of JAs in the growth and development of plants and the successful outcomes of jasmonate-driven elicitation of secondary metabolites including flavonoids, anthraquinones, anthocyanin, xanthonoid, and more from various plant species. However, as the enhancement of these metabolites is essentially measured via in vitro cell culture or foliar spray, the large-scale production is significantly limited. Recent advancements in the plant cell culture technology lay the possibilities for the large-scale manufacturing of plant-derived secondary metabolites. With the insights about the genetic background of the metabolite biosynthetic pathway, synthetic biology also appears to be a potential avenue for accelerating their production. This review, therefore, also discussed the potential manoeuvres that can be deployed to synthesis plant secondary metabolites at the large-scale using plant cell, tissue, and organ cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-In Sohn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Subramani Pandian
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | | | | | - Senthil Kumar Thamilarasan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | | | - Yedomon Ange Bovys Zoclanclounon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jayabalan Shilpha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Manikandan Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pantazi XE, Lagopodi AL, Tamouridou AA, Kamou NN, Giannakis I, Lagiotis G, Stavridou E, Madesis P, Tziotzios G, Dolaptsis K, Moshou D. Diagnosis of Induced Resistance State in Tomato Using Artificial Neural Network Models Based on Supervised Self-Organizing Maps and Fluorescence Kinetics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5970. [PMID: 36015731 PMCID: PMC9416397 DOI: 10.3390/s22165970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop three supervised self-organizing map (SOM) models for the automatic recognition of a systemic resistance state in plants after application of a resistance inducer. The pathosystem Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) + tomato was used. The inorganic, defense inducer, Acibenzolar-S-methyl (benzo-[1,2,3]-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid-S-methyl ester, ASM), reported to induce expression of defense genes in tomato, was applied to activate the defense mechanisms in the plant. A handheld fluorometer, FluorPen FP 100-MAX-LM by SCI, was used to assess the fluorescence kinetics response of the induced resistance in tomato plants. To achieve recognition of resistance induction, three models of supervised SOMs, namely SKN, XY-F, and CPANN, were used to classify fluorescence kinetics data, in order to determine the induced resistance condition in tomato plants. To achieve this, a parameterization of fluorescence kinetics curves was developed corresponding to fluorometer variables of the Kautsky Curves. SKN was the best supervised SOM, achieving 97.22% to 100% accuracy. Gene expression data were used to confirm the accuracy of the supervised SOMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthoula Eirini Pantazi
- Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia L. Lagopodi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Afroditi Alexandra Tamouridou
- Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nathalie Nephelie Kamou
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Giannakis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Lagiotis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece or
| | - Evangelia Stavridou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece or
| | - Panagiotis Madesis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece or
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plants, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece
| | - Georgios Tziotzios
- Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dolaptsis
- Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Moshou
- Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Fàbregas N, Fernie AR. The reliance of phytohormone biosynthesis on primary metabolite precursors. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 268:153589. [PMID: 34896926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
There is some debate as to whether phytohormone metabolites should be classified as primary or secondary metabolites. Phytohormones have profound effects on growth - a typical trait of primary metabolites - yet several of them are formed from secondary metabolite precursors. This is further exacerbated by the blurred distinction between primary and secondary metabolism. What is clearer, however, is that phytohormones display distinctive regulatory mechanisms from other metabolites. Moreover, by contrast to microbial and mammalian systems, the majority of plant metabolite receptors characterized to date are hormone receptors. Here, we provide an overview of the metabolic links between primary metabolism and phytohormone biosynthesis in an attempt to complement recent reviews covering the signaling crosstalk between elements of core metabolism and the phytohormones. In doing so, we cover the biosynthesis of both the classical metabolic phytohormones namely auxins, salicylic acid, jasmonate, ethylene, cytokinins, brassinosteroids, gibberellins and abscisic acid as well as recently described plant growth regulators which have been proposed as novel phytohormones namely strigolactones blumenols, zaxinone and β-cyclocitral as well as melatonin. For each hormone, we describe the primary metabolite precursors which fuel its synthesis, act as conjugates or in the case of 2-oxoglutarate act more directly as a co-substrate in the biosynthesis of gibberellin, auxin and salicylic acid. Furthermore, several amino acids operate as hormone conjugates, such as jasmonate-conjugates. In reviewing the biosynthesis of all the phytohormones simultaneously, the exceptional intricacy of the biochemical interplay that underpins their interaction emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Fàbregas
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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15
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Liu J, Cook R, Danhof L, Lopatto D, Stoltzfus JR, Benning C. Connecting research and teaching introductory cell and molecular biology using an Arabidopsis mutant screen. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 49:926-934. [PMID: 34559440 PMCID: PMC9214838 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A complex research project was translated into a Course-based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE), which was implemented in sections of an introductory Cell and Molecular Biology laboratory course. The research laboratory generated an engineered plant line producing a growth-inhibiting, lipid-derived plant hormone and mutagenized this line. Students in the CURE cultured the mutagenized plant population and selected and characterized suppressor mutants. They learned to observe phenotypes related to the biosynthesis and perception of the plant hormone and explored the genetic and biochemical basis of these phenotypes. As the students studied the relevant genetic, molecular and biochemical concepts during this CURE, they were able to translate this knowledge into practice and develop scientific arguments. This CURE was a successful collaboration between the teaching lab and the research lab. It benefited both parties as the students had a real-life, deep learning experience in scientific methodology, while the research lab gathered data and materials for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Liu
- Biological Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Ron Cook
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Linda Danhof
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - David Lopatto
- Center for Teaching, Learning, and Assessment, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112, USA
| | - Jon R. Stoltzfus
- Biological Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Christoph Benning
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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An ethylene biosynthesis enzyme controls quantitative variation in maize ear length and kernel yield. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5832. [PMID: 34611160 PMCID: PMC8492687 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize ear size and kernel number differ among lines, however, little is known about the molecular basis of ear length and its impact on kernel number. Here, we characterize a quantitative trait locus, qEL7, to identify a maize gene controlling ear length, flower number and fertility. qEL7 encodes 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylate oxidase2 (ACO2), a gene that functions in the final step of ethylene biosynthesis and is expressed in specific domains in developing inflorescences. Confirmation of qEL7 by gene editing of ZmACO2 leads to a reduction in ethylene production in developing ears, and promotes meristem and flower development, resulting in a ~13.4% increase in grain yield per ear in hybrids lines. Our findings suggest that ethylene serves as a key signal in inflorescence development, affecting spikelet number, floral fertility, ear length and kernel number, and also provide a tool to improve grain productivity by optimizing ethylene levels in maize or in other cereals. Considerable genetic variation exists in maize ear size and kernel number. Here the authors show that variation in a gene encoding an ethylene biosynthetic enzyme impacts ear length, flower fertility and kernel yield suggesting an important role for ethylene signaling during inflorescence development.
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17
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Ghorbel M, Brini F, Sharma A, Landi M. Role of jasmonic acid in plants: the molecular point of view. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1471-1494. [PMID: 33821356 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent updates in JA biosynthesis, signaling pathways and the crosstalk between JA and others phytohormones in relation with plant responses to different stresses. In plants, the roles of phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA), amino acid conjugate (e.g., JA-Ile) and their derivative emerged in last decades as crucial signaling compounds implicated in stress defense and development in plants. JA has raised a great interest, and the number of researches on JA has increased rapidly highlighting the importance of this phytohormone in plant life. First, JA was considered as a stress hormone implicated in plant response to biotic stress (pathogens and herbivores) which confers resistance to biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens contrarily to salicylic acid (SA) which is implicated in plant response to necrotrophic pathogens. JA is also implicated in plant responses to abiotic stress (such as soil salinity, wounding and UV). Moreover, some researchers have recently revealed that JA controls several physiological processes like root growth, growth of reproductive organs and, finally, plant senescence. JA is also involved in the biosynthesis of various metabolites (e.g., phytoalexins and terpenoids). In plants, JA signaling pathways are well studied in few plants essentially Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana benthamiana, and Oryza sativa L. confirming the crucial role of this hormone in plants. In this review, we highlight the last foundlings about JA biosynthesis, JA signaling pathways and its implication in plant maturation and response to environmental constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Ghorbel
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ha'il, P.O. box, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faiçal Brini
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment - University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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18
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Zhang C, Chen J, Huang W, Song X, Niu J. Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Reveal Purine and Phenylpropanoid Metabolism Response to Drought Stress in Dendrobium sinense, an Endemic Orchid Species in Hainan Island. Front Genet 2021; 12:692702. [PMID: 34276795 PMCID: PMC8283770 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.692702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is a bottleneck factor for plant growth and development, especially in epiphytic orchids that absorb moisture mainly from the air. Recent studies have suggested that there are complex transcriptional regulatory networks related to drought stress in Dendrobium sinense. In this study, the transcription and metabolite alterations involved in drought stress response in D. sinense were investigated through RNA-seq and metabolomics. A total of 856 metabolites were identified from stressed and control samples, with 391 metabolites showing significant differences. With PacBio and Illumina RNA sequencing, 72,969 genes were obtained with a mean length of 2,486 bp, and 622 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Correlation analysis showed 7 differential genes, and 39 differential metabolites were involved in interaction networks. The network analysis of differential genes and metabolites suggested that the pathways of purine metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis may play an important role in drought response in D. sinense. These results provide new insights and reference data for culturally important medicinal plants and the protection of endangered orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Weixia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiqiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jun Niu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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19
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Vega-Vásquez P, Mosier NS, Irudayaraj J. Hormesis-Inducing Essential Oil Nanodelivery System Protects Plants against Broad Host-Range Necrotrophs. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8338-8349. [PMID: 33881823 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea, a broad host-range necrotrophic (BHN) phytopathogen, establishes compatible interactions with hosts by deploying multigene infection strategies, rendering simply inherited resistance ineffective to fight off this pathogen. Since essential oils (EOs) serve as intermediators during phytobiome communication, we hypothesize that they have the potential to enhance the quantitative disease resistance against BHN by eliciting the adaptive stress response (hormesis) in plants. However, using EOs is challenging due to their poor solubility in water. Nanoemulsification of EOs enhances not only the solubility of EOs but also their potency and stability. Here, we demonstrate the potential use of essential oil nanoemulsions (EONEs) to control infections caused by BHN. Using basic engineering principles of nanocarrier design, we demonstrate the efficacy of a robust EONEs design for controlling B. cinerea infection in a model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. Our nanoemulsion delivery system significantly enhanced the disease resistance of the host by reducing the necrotic area by up to 50% compared to untreated plants. RNA-seq analysis indicated that successful treatments upregulated autophagy, ROS scavenging, and activation of the jasmonic acid signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vega-Vásquez
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nathan S Mosier
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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20
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Guo LX, Hussain SB, Fernie AR, Liu YZ, Yan M, Chen H, Alam SM. Multiomic Analysis Elucidates the Reasons Underlying the Differential Metabolite Accumulation in Citrus Mature Leaves and Fruit Juice Sacs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11863-11874. [PMID: 33030895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fruit and leaf possess distinctly different metabolites. Here, metabolites and transcriptome were compared between mature leaves (ML) and juice sacs (JS) of Citrus grandis "Hirado Buntan" to investigate the possible reasons. Results indicated that the remarkable difference in starch, total flavonoids and carotenoids, l-ascorbate, and jasmonic acid between ML and JS was tightly related to the expression levels of their biosynthesis-related genes, while the significant difference in abscisic acid and citrate was mainly related to the gene expression level(s) of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase and proton pump genes, respectively. In addition, ATP citrate lyase probably plays a key role in the levels of flavonoids between ML and JS via providing different levels of acetyl-CoA. Taken together, these results identified some key candidate genes responsible for the content of a given metabolite and will contribute to research in regulating such metabolite content in citrus fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Xia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Syed Bilal Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yong-Zhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Min Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Shariq Mahmood Alam
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
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Löwe J, Dietz K, Gröger H. From a Biosynthetic Pathway toward a Biocatalytic Process and Chemocatalytic Modifications: Three-Step Enzymatic Cascade to the Plant Metabolite cis-(+)-12-OPDA and Metathesis-Derived Products. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902973. [PMID: 32670743 PMCID: PMC7341106 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A biotechnological approach toward the plant metabolite and regulator cis-(+)-12-oxophytodienoic acid (cis-(+)-12-OPDA) in a one-pot process with >99% conversion, at least 90% selectivity and ≤10% of side products as well as a high diastereoselectivity (leading to d.r. of at least 90:10) is reported. The optimized organic-synthetic enzyme cascade for preparing this bioactive and commercial molecule with pharmaceutical relevance on a gram per L scale is designed based on its biosynthetic pathway starting from cheap and readily accessible linolenic acid. Toward this end, a recombinant biocatalyst system has been prepared for carrying out the most critical two key steps in a tailored manner, thus avoiding sensitive intermediate decomposition. Furthermore, cis-(+)-12-OPDA is successfully modified via a cross-alkene metathesis reaction with conversions of up to >99%, leading to a compound library of new cis-(+)-12-OPDA derivatives with different substitution pattern of the side chain at the 2-position. By means of such a combined biotechnological and chemocatalytic route, a straightforward approach to a structurally unique oxylipin library is realized, which would be highly difficult or not accessible by pure chemical and biotechnological methods, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Löwe
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and BiotechnologyFaculty of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstr. 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Karl‐Josef Dietz
- Chair of Plant Biochemistry and PhysiologyFaculty of BiologyBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstr. 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and BiotechnologyFaculty of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstr. 2533615BielefeldGermany
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