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Nie Y, Xu L, Xin X, Ye L. Long-term grassland diversity-productivity relationship regulated by management regimes in northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175084. [PMID: 39074747 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Grasslands are the most extensively distributed terrestrial ecosystems on Earth, providing a range of ecosystem services that are vital for sustaining human life and critical for sustainable development at the global scale. However, the relationship between the two most important attributes of grassland, plant diversity, and productivity, remains controversial even after many years of research. Here, we develop an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model based on decadal-scale experimental data from a degraded meadow steppe in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China to quantify the response of aboveground biomass (AGB) to plant species diversity under varying management regimes. We report that AGB responds negatively to the plant diversity in fallow grasslands and positively in grazing grasslands, transiting from negative to positive in mowing grasslands as mowing became more frequent. We show that the changing diversity-productivity relationships are driven by changes in species composition of the plant community, given the significant productivity gap between rare and non-rare species. This highlights the role of management in regulating the diversity-productivity relationships in grasslands. These results not only provide provocative insights into the relationships between plant diversity and productivity but also support more sustainable use and management of grassland resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Lijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaoping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Liming Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China; Ghent University, Department of Geology, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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2
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de Araújo WA, Fernandes MG, Degrande PE, Salustino ADS, Neto DFC, Malaquias JB. Exploring the impact of cover crops in integrated pest management: pest and natural enemies population dynamics in no-tillage cotton production. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 114:581-590. [PMID: 39308244 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485324000452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
Conservation agriculture plays an important role in the sustainability of production systems, notably for globally significant crops such as cotton. This study explores the integration of the no-tillage system (NTS) with integrated pest management (IPM) by incorporating cover crops. The aim is to assess the impact of these living or dead covers on the management of insect populations, the indices diversity of phytophagous insects and natural enemies, and to investigate the population fluctuation of these arthropods, considering a variety of crops in the NTS before and after cotton planting. The trial, conducted over two consecutive cropping seasons in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, employed a randomised block design with four repetitions. The treatments included cover crops with the highest potential for use in the region, such as millet (Pennisetum glaucum glaucum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), brachiaria (Urochloa ruziziensis), black velvet bean (Stizolobium aterrimum), forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), and white oats (Avena sativa L.) and a mix of white oats with brachiaria. The results indicated that the black velvet bean stands out as the most effective cover crop, providing the best performance in terms of non-preference to the attack of the evaluated pest insects. Conversely, brachiaria proves to be more susceptible to infestations of Dalbulus maidis (DeLong and Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), and Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The study underscores the relevance of the judicious choice of cover crops in IPM and in promoting agricultural biodiversity, creating a strategic tool to enhance the sustainability and efficiency of the cotton production system in the context of the NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldenio Antonio de Araújo
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Applied Entomology Laboratory, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Gino Fernandes
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Insect Sampling and Monitoring Laboratory, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Degrande
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Applied Entomology Laboratory, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Bruno Malaquias
- Federal University of Paraíba, Agricultural Sciences Center, Entomology Laboratory, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil
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3
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Abdala-Roberts L, Moreira X. Effects of phytochemical diversity on multitrophic interactions. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 64:101228. [PMID: 38944275 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The ecological effects of plant diversity have been well studied, but the extent to which they are driven by variation in specialized metabolites is not well understood. Here, we provide theoretical background on phytochemical diversity effects on herbivory and its expanded consequences for higher trophic levels. We then review empirical evidence for effects on predation and parasitism by focusing on a handful of studies that have undertaken manipulative approaches and link back their results to theory on mechanisms. We close by summarizing key aspects for future research, building on knowledge gained thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, 97000 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Xoaquín Moreira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de Correos 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
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4
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Bakshi B, Polasky S. The effect of forest composition on outdoor recreation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 364:121397. [PMID: 38878569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Climate change will shift the composition of northern Minnesota forests from boreal to temperate by the end of the century. This shift in forest composition will likely affect outdoor recreation, a valuable ecosystem service and a key economic driver for the region. In this context, the objective of our paper is to empirically examine the relationship between forest composition and recreation. We analyze the effect of changes in forest composition for seven forest types on seven types of recreation using a lognormal pooled panel regression model for Minnesota's Laurentian Mixed Forest Province. Earlier research showed forest composition affected recreation at the level of broad groups of broadleaved or coniferous species. We find a statistically significant empirical association between forest composition and recreation at the forest type level (forest types within those broad groups). This relationship varies across forest types and recreation categories. For example, big game hunting is positively related to elm-ash-cottonwood and white-red-jack pine and negatively associated with aspen-birch. We find individual forest types within broad groups of broadleaved or coniferous forests, have different relationships with recreation, so that these broad groups are not sufficient in capturing the effect of forest composition on recreation. Our results are of interest in the context of current shifts in forest composition caused by climate change, which could also affect recreation. Our findings suggest adding a forest composition lens to existing policies could facilitate strategies for more effective recreation management and climate change adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baishali Bakshi
- Natural Resources Science and Management, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - Stephen Polasky
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
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5
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Wan NF, Dainese M, Wang YQ, Loreau M. Cascading social-ecological benefits of biodiversity for agriculture. Curr Biol 2024; 34:R587-R603. [PMID: 38889684 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Cultivated species diversity can provide numerous benefits to agricultural systems. Many ecological theories have been proposed to understand the relationships between plant species diversity and trophic interactions. However, extending such theories to socioeconomic systems has been rare for agriculture. Here, we establish ten hypotheses (e.g., the natural enemy hypothesis, resource concentration hypothesis, insurance hypothesis, and aggregation hypothesis) about the relationships between cultivated species diversity (i.e., crop diversification, co-cultures of crops and domestic animals, and co-cultures of crops and edible fungi) and trophic cascades of crops, invertebrate herbivores and natural enemies in cropping systems. We then explore the socioeconomic advantages (e.g., yield, economic and environmental performance) of these trophic cascades. Finally, we propose a multi-perspective framework to promote the cascading social-ecological benefits of species diversity for agricultural sustainability. Integrating the benefits of trophic cascades into agricultural socioeconomic systems requires policies and legislation that support multi-species co-culture practices and the willingness of consumers to pay for these practices through higher prices for agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Feng Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Matteo Dainese
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Yu-Quan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Michel Loreau
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France; Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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6
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Eisenhauer N. Ecology: Operationalize biodiversity theory. Curr Biol 2024; 34:R571-R573. [PMID: 38889678 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The rise in global population and consumption intensifies the demand for ecosystem services, especially in agriculture. Recent research underscores the societal benefits of biodiversity. Operationalizing biodiversity theory and embracing diverse agricultural practices can enhance sustainability, supporting food security and climate resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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7
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Seimandi-Corda G, Winkler J, Jenkins T, Kirchner SM, Cook SM. Companion plants and straw mulch reduce cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala) damage on oilseed rape. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2333-2341. [PMID: 37394615 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant diversification, especially sowing crops with the addition of companion plants has been demonstrated as a suitable practice to increase insect pest control in multiple cropping systems. Since the ban on use of neonicotinoid seed treatments in oilseed rape (OSR), the harvested area has reduced significantly in Europe, mainly because of the damage caused by cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala). Several companion plants such as legumes and other species of Brassicaceae have been reported as potential companions for OSR but robust evaluation of their efficiency to reduce cabbage stem flea beetle damage in replicated trials is lacking. RESULTS Four field trials were conducted in the UK and Germany to test the effect of different companion plants, or the addition of straw mulch, on cabbage stem flea beetle adult feeding and larval infestation in OSR. We found significant differences in the level of feeding damage between treatments in all experiments. Combinations of OSR with cereal companion plants or with straw mulch showed the strongest reduction in adult feeding damage. A protective effect of legumes was also observed in one trial. Differences in larval infestation were also observed between treatments but were not consistent and might be more related to the OSR plant biomass than to treatments. CONCLUSION This study shows that companion planting can protect OSR crops from cabbage stem flea beetle adult feeding damage. We show for the first time that not only legumes, but also cereals and the application of straw mulch can have a strong protective effect on the crop. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julian Winkler
- Faculty of Organic Agricultural Science, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
- Advisory Team Organic Farming, Landesbetrieb Landwirtschaft Hessen, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Todd Jenkins
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
- Agriculture and Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
| | - Sascha M Kirchner
- Faculty of Organic Agricultural Science, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
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8
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Vázquez-González C, Castagneyrol B, Muiruri EW, Barbaro L, Abdala-Roberts L, Barsoum N, Fründ J, Glynn C, Jactel H, McShea WJ, Mereu S, Mooney KA, Morillas L, Nock CA, Paquette A, Parker JD, Parker WC, Roales J, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schuldt A, Verheyen K, Weih M, Yang B, Koricheva J. Tree diversity enhances predation by birds but not by arthropods across climate gradients. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14427. [PMID: 38698677 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Tree diversity can promote both predator abundance and diversity. However, whether this translates into increased predation and top-down control of herbivores across predator taxonomic groups and contrasting environmental conditions remains unresolved. We used a global network of tree diversity experiments (TreeDivNet) spread across three continents and three biomes to test the effects of tree species richness on predation across varying climatic conditions of temperature and precipitation. We recorded bird and arthropod predation attempts on plasticine caterpillars in monocultures and tree species mixtures. Both tree species richness and temperature increased predation by birds but not by arthropods. Furthermore, the effects of tree species richness on predation were consistent across the studied climatic gradient. Our findings provide evidence that tree diversity strengthens top-down control of insect herbivores by birds, underscoring the need to implement conservation strategies that safeguard tree diversity to sustain ecosystem services provided by natural enemies in forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Vázquez-González
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (MBG-CSIC), Pontevedra, España
| | | | - Evalyne W Muiruri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Luc Barbaro
- Dynafor, INRAE-INPT, University of Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Nadia Barsoum
- Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, UK
| | - Jochen Fründ
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Animal Network Ecology, Department of Biology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carolyn Glynn
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hervé Jactel
- BIOGECO, University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux, France
| | - William J McShea
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - Simone Mereu
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari, Italy
| | - Kailen A Mooney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lourdes Morillas
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, C/ Professor García González s/n, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Charles A Nock
- College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Center for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - John D Parker
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Front Royal, Maryland, USA
| | - William C Parker
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Javier Roales
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Andreas Schuldt
- Forest Nature Conservation, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Martin Weih
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Biodiversity, Jingdezhen University, Jingdezhen, China
| | - Julia Koricheva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
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9
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Boldorini GX, Mccary MA, Romero GQ, Mills KL, Sanders NJ, Reich PB, Michalko R, Gonçalves-Souza T. Predators control pests and increase yield across crop types and climates: a meta-analysis. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232522. [PMID: 38444337 PMCID: PMC10915543 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pesticides have well-documented negative consequences to control crop pests, and natural predators are alternatives and can provide an ecosystem service as biological control agents. However, there remains considerable uncertainty regarding whether such biological control can be a widely applicable solution, especially given ongoing climatic variation and climate change. Here, we performed a meta-analysis focused on field studies with natural predators to explore broadly whether and how predators might control pests and in turn increase yield. We also contrasted across studies pest suppression by a single and multiple predators and how climate influence biological control. Predators reduced pest populations by 73% on average, and increased crop yield by 25% on average. Surprisingly, the impact of predators did not depend on whether there were many or a single predator species. Precipitation seasonality was a key climatic influence on biological control: as seasonality increased, the impact of predators on pest populations increased. Taken together, the positive contribution of predators in controlling pests and increasing yield, and the consistency of such responses in the face of precipitation variability, suggest that biocontrol has the potential to be an important part of pest management and increasing food supplies as the planet precipitation patterns become increasingly variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel X. Boldorini
- Department of Biology, Ecological Synthesis and Biodiversity Conservation Lab, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Ethnobiology and Nature Conservation, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Q. Romero
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Kirby L. Mills
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nathan J. Sanders
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Institute for Global Change Biology, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Radek Michalko
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Thiago Gonçalves-Souza
- Department of Biology, Ecological Synthesis and Biodiversity Conservation Lab, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Ethnobiology and Nature Conservation, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute for Global Change Biology, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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10
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Chauvier-Mendes Y, Pollock LJ, Verburg PH, Karger DN, Pellissier L, Lavergne S, Zimmermann NE, Thuiller W. Transnational conservation to anticipate future plant shifts in Europe. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:454-466. [PMID: 38253754 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
To meet the COP15 biodiversity framework in the European Union (EU), one target is to protect 30% of its land by 2030 through a resilient transnational conservation network. The European Alps are a key hub of this network hosting some of the most extensive natural areas and biodiversity hotspots in Europe. Here we assess the robustness of the current European reserve network to safeguard the European Alps' flora by 2080 using semi-mechanistic simulations. We first highlight that the current network needs strong readjustments as it does not capture biodiversity patterns as well as our conservation simulations. Overall, we predict a strong shift in conservation need through time along latitudes, and from lower to higher elevations as plants migrate upslope and shrink their distribution. While increasing species, trait and evolutionary diversity, migration could also threaten 70% of the resident flora. In the face of global changes, the future European reserve network will need to ensure strong elevation and latitudinal connections to complementarily protect multifaceted biodiversity beyond national borders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohann Chauvier-Mendes
- Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Laura J Pollock
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, Quebec
| | - Peter H Verburg
- Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Environmental Geography Group, Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dirk N Karger
- Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Lavergne
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, LECA, CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble, France
| | - Niklaus E Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, LECA, CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble, France
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11
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Madin MB, Nelson KS. Effects of landscape simplicity on crop yield: A reanalysis of a global database. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289799. [PMID: 38096199 PMCID: PMC10721009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological theory on diversity suggests that agriculture requires sufficient biodiversity, ecological function, and critical ecosystem services to remain sustainable and resilient. As such, research related to the effect of ecosystem services and diversity on crop yields has increased significantly in the past decade. One such study by Dainese and colleagues that presented a global synthesis of a compiled database of 1,475 crop experiments related to pollination and pest control ecosystem services and crop yields quickly garnered attention in the literature with more than 540 citations since its publication in 2019. Given the strong influence of this study on the research on diversity and agricultural production, we conduct a reanalysis on the publicly available dataset from the global synthesis study to test the robustness of findings to modeling approach and assumptions. In our reanalysis we apply ordinary least squares regression methods rather than Bayesian path analysis to the same data to examine the robustness of observed field-scale landscape diversity-ecosystem services-crop yield relationships. The result of our reanalysis supports the findings of Dainese and colleagues, illustrating the robustness of findings that suggest that increasing landscape simplicity is associated with lower rates of pollination and pest control ecosystem service provisioning and lower crop yields. However, our analyses also suggest that provisioning of pollination and pest control services account for only a small fraction of the total effect of landscape simplicity on crop yields. Furthermore, we find that management and soil health may mediate the effects of landscape simplicity on ecosystem services and crop yields. While our results complement previous findings for landscape simplicity and ecosystem services, they also indicate that above and below ground ecosystem services are not mutually exclusive but concurrently contribute to support crop production in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Biwalib Madin
- Department of Geography and Geospatial Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Katherine S. Nelson
- Department of Geography and Geospatial Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
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12
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Judt C, Korányi D, Zaller JG, Batáry P. Floral resources and ground covers promote natural enemies but not pest insects in apple orchards: A global meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166139. [PMID: 37567308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, agricultural intensification has led to a loss of biodiversity and associated ecosystem services such as natural pest control. Conservation biological control addresses this problem by generally extensifying farming and/or providing alternative habitats and food sources for natural enemies of pest species. However, farmers implement conservation biological control sparingly, in part because of the confusing variety of measures with inconsistent effects. To shed some light on the effectiveness of conservation biological control measures in apple production, we conducted four meta-analyses to identify patterns of local measures on (i) insect pest abundance, (ii) natural enemy abundance, (iii) biological control, and (iv) fruit quality. Across the 54 studies, we found an overall significant, positive effect of local interventions on natural enemy abundance. Among our established intervention categories (flowers, ground cover, extensification), ground covers promoted natural enemies the most and tended to reduce pest insects. Likewise, providing flowers promoted natural enemies without affecting fruit quality. In contrast, extensification of orchard management alone, such as reducing agrochemical use and/or less disturbance, had no significant effect on the abundance of natural enemies, but showed a tendency to increase populations of pest insects and reduce fruit quality. Our results demonstrate that more floral resources and ground covers in apple orchards can reduce pesticide use while maintaining fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Judt
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, A-1180 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Dávid Korányi
- "Lendület" Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Alkotmány u. 2-4, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Johann G Zaller
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Péter Batáry
- "Lendület" Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Alkotmány u. 2-4, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
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13
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Zhang X, Dalsgaard B, Staab M, Zhu C, Zhao Y, Gonçalves F, Ren P, Cai C, Qiao G, Ding P, Si X. Habitat fragmentation increases specialization of multi-trophic interactions by high species turnover. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231372. [PMID: 37876189 PMCID: PMC10598433 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation is altering species interactions worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying the response of network specialization to habitat fragmentation remain unknown, especially for multi-trophic interactions. We here collected a large dataset consisting of 2670 observations of tri-trophic interactions among plants, sap-sucking aphids and honeydew-collecting ants on 18 forested islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China. For each island, we constructed an antagonistic plant-aphid and a mutualistic aphid-ant network, and tested how network specialization varied with island area and isolation. We found that both networks exhibited higher specialization on smaller islands, while only aphid-ant networks had increased specialization on more isolated islands. Variations in network specialization among islands was primarily driven by species turnover, which was interlinked across trophic levels as fragmentation increased the specialization of both antagonistic and mutualistic networks through bottom-up effects via plant and aphid communities. These findings reveal that species on small and isolated islands display higher specialization mainly due to effects of fragmentation on species turnover, with behavioural changes causing interaction rewiring playing only a minor role. Our study highlights the significance of adopting a multi-trophic perspective when exploring patterns and processes in structuring ecological networks in fragmented landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Bo Dalsgaard
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Michael Staab
- Technical University Darmstadt, Ecological Networks, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Chen Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Yuhao Zhao
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Peng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Cai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Gexia Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfeng Si
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
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14
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Butz EM, Schmitt LM, Parker JD, Burghardt KT. Positive tree diversity effects on arboreal spider abundance are tied to canopy cover in a forest experiment. Ecology 2023; 104:e4116. [PMID: 37263980 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Human actions are decreasing the diversity and complexity of forests, and a mechanistic understanding of how these changes affect predators is needed to maintain ecosystem services, including pest regulation. Using a large-scale tree diversity experiment, we investigate how spiders respond to trees growing in plots of single or mixed species combinations (4 or 12) by repeatedly sampling 540 trees spanning 15 species. In 2019 (6 years post-establishment), spider responses to tree diversity varied by tree species. By 2021, diversity had a more consistently positive effect, with trees in 4- or 12-species plots supporting 23% or 50% more spiders, respectively, compared to conspecifics in monocultures. Spiders showed stronger tree species preferences in late summer, and the positive impact of plot diversity doubled. In early summer, the positive diversity effect was tied to higher canopy cover in diverse plots, leading to higher spider densities. This indirect path strengthened in late summer, with an additional direct effect of plot diversity on spiders. Prey availability was higher in diverse plots but was not tied to spider density. Overall, diverse plots supported more predators, partly by increasing available habitat. Adopting planting strategies focused on species mixtures may better maintain higher trophic levels and ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Butz
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren M Schmitt
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - John D Parker
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - Karin T Burghardt
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
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15
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Staab M, Pietsch S, Yan H, Blüthgen N, Cheng A, Li Y, Zhang N, Ma K, Liu X. Dear neighbor: Trees with extrafloral nectaries facilitate defense and growth of adjacent undefended trees. Ecology 2023; 104:e4057. [PMID: 37078562 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant diversity can increase productivity. One mechanism behind this biodiversity effect is facilitation, which is when one species increases the performance of another species. Plants with extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) establish defense mutualisms with ants. However, whether EFN plants facilitate defense of neighboring non-EFN plants is unknown. Synthesizing data on ants, herbivores, leaf damage, and defense traits from a forest biodiversity experiment, we show that trees growing adjacent to EFN trees had higher ant biomass and species richness and lower caterpillar biomass than conspecific controls without EFN-bearing neighbors. Concurrently, the composition of defense traits in non-EFN trees changed. Thus, when non-EFN trees benefit from lower herbivore loads as a result of ants spilling over from EFN tree neighbors, this may allow relatively reduced resource allocation to defense in the former, potentially explaining the higher growth of those trees. Via this mutualist-mediated facilitation, promoting EFN trees in tropical reforestation could foster carbon capture and multiple other ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Staab
- Ecological Networks, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Stefanie Pietsch
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Haoru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anpeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Naili Zhang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Beijing, China
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16
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Li Y, Schmid B, Schuldt A, Li S, Wang MQ, Fornoff F, Staab M, Guo PF, Anttonen P, Chesters D, Bruelheide H, Zhu CD, Ma K, Liu X. Multitrophic arthropod diversity mediates tree diversity effects on primary productivity. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:832-840. [PMID: 37106157 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Forests sustain 80% of terrestrial biodiversity and provide essential ecosystem services. Biodiversity experiments have demonstrated that plant diversity correlates with both primary productivity and higher trophic diversity. However, whether higher trophic diversity can mediate the effects of plant diversity on productivity remains unclear. Here, using 5 years of data on aboveground herbivorous, predatory and parasitoid arthropods along with tree growth data within a large-scale forest biodiversity experiment in southeast China, we provide evidence of multidirectional enhancement among the diversity of trees and higher trophic groups and tree productivity. We show that the effects of experimentally increased tree species richness were consistently positive for species richness and abundance of herbivores, predators and parasitoids. Richness effects decreased as trophic levels increased for species richness and abundance of all trophic groups. Multitrophic species richness and abundance of arthropods were important mediators of plant diversity effects on tree productivity, suggesting that optimizing forest management for increased carbon capture can be more effective when the diversity of higher trophic groups is promoted in concert with that of trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schuldt
- Forest Nature Conservation, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Felix Fornoff
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Staab
- Ecological Networks, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Peng-Fei Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Perttu Anttonen
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Douglas Chesters
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chao-Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China.
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17
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Chen B, Ma J, Yang C, Xiao X, Kou W, Wu Z, Yun T, Zaw ZN, Nawan P, Sengprakhon R, Zhou J, Wang J, Sun R, Zhang X, Xie G, Lan G. Diversified land conversion deepens understanding of impacts of rapid rubber plantation expansion on plant diversity in the tropics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162505. [PMID: 36863580 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the status and changes of plant diversity in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations is essential for sustainable plantation management in the context of rapid rubber expansion in the tropics, but remains very limited at the continental scale. In this study, we investigated plant diversity from 10-meter quadrats in 240 different rubber plantations in the six countries of the Great Mekong Subregion (GMS)-where nearly half of the world's rubber plantations are located-and analyzed the influence of original land cover types and stand age on plant diversity using Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery since the late 1980s. The results indicate that the average plant species richness of rubber plantations is 28.69 ± 7.35 (1061 species in total, of which 11.22 % are invasive), approximating half the species richness of tropical forests but roughly double that of the intensively managed croplands. Time-series satellite imagery analysis revealed that rubber plantations were primarily established in place of cropland (RPC, 37.72 %), old rubber plantations (RPORP, 27.63 %), and tropical forests (RPTF, 24.12 %). Plant species richness in RPTF (34.02 ± 7.62) was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that in RPORP (26.41 ± 7.02) and RPC (26.34 ± 5.37). More importantly, species richness can be maintained for the duration of the 30-year economic cycle, and the number of invasive species decreases as the stand ages. Given diverse land conversions and changes in stand age, the total loss of species richness due to rapid rubber expansion in the GMS was 7.29 %, which is far below the traditional estimates that only consider tropical forest conversion. In general, maintaining higher species richness at the earliest stages of cultivation has significant implications for biodiversity conservation in rubber plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangqian Chen
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of biodiversity Science, Fudan University, No. 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiangming Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Earth Observation and Modeling, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Weili Kou
- College of Big Data and Intelligent Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Ting Yun
- School of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zar Ni Zaw
- Myanmar Rubber Planters and Producers Association, Yangon 11131, Myanmar; Agricultural Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Piyada Nawan
- Songkhla Rubber Research Center, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Ratchada Sengprakhon
- Rubber Research Institute of Thailand/Rubber Authority of Thailand, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Jiannan Zhou
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jikun Wang
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xicai Zhang
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Guishui Xie
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Guoyu Lan
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China.
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18
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Mull N, Schexnayder A, Stolt A, Sironen T, Forbes KM. Effects of habitat management on rodent diversity, abundance, and virus infection dynamics. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10039. [PMID: 37113517 PMCID: PMC10126759 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As anthropogenic factors continue to degrade natural areas, habitat management is needed to restore and maintain biodiversity. However, the impacts of different habitat management regimes on ecosystems have largely focused on vegetation analyses, with limited evaluation of downstream effects on wildlife. We compared the effects of grassland management regimes (prescribed burning, cutting/haying, or no active management) on rodent communities and the viruses they hosted. Rodents were trapped in 13 existing grassland sites in Northwest Arkansas, USA during 2020 and 2021. Rodent blood samples were screened for antibodies against three common rodent-borne virus groups: orthohantaviruses, arenaviruses, and orthopoxviruses. We captured 616 rodents across 5953 trap nights. Burned and unmanaged sites had similarly high abundance and diversity, but burned sites had a higher proportion of grassland species than unmanaged sites; cut sites had the highest proportion of grassland species but the lowest rodent abundance and diversity. A total of 38 rodents were seropositive for one of the three virus groups (34 orthohantavirus, three arenavirus, and one orthopoxvirus). Thirty-six seropositive individuals were found in burned sites, and two orthohantavirus-seropositive individuals were found in cut sites. Cotton rats and prairie voles, two grassland species, accounted for 97% of the rodents seropositive for orthohantavirus. Our study indicates that prescribed burns lead to a diverse and abundant community of grassland rodent species compared with other management regimes; as keystone taxa, these results also have important implications for many other species in food webs. Higher prevalence of antibodies against rodent-borne viruses in burned prairies shows an unexpected consequence likely resulting from robust host population densities supported by the increased habitat quality of these sites. Ultimately, these results provide empirical evidence that can inform grassland restoration and ongoing management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Mull
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA
| | - Amy Schexnayder
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA
| | - Abigail Stolt
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of VirologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Veterinary BiosciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Kristian M. Forbes
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA
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19
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Frago E, Zytynska S. Impact of herbivore symbionts on parasitoid foraging behaviour. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 57:101027. [PMID: 36990151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Parasitoids are insects that lay eggs in other insects, but before this, they have the remarkable task of locating and successfully attacking a suitable individual. Once an egg is laid, many herbivorous hosts carry defensive symbionts that prevent parasitoid development. Some symbioses can act ahead of these defences by reducing parasitoid foraging efficiency, while others may betray their hosts by producing chemical cues that attract parasitoids. In this review, we provide examples of symbionts altering the different steps that adult parasitoids need to take to achieve egg laying. We also discuss how interactions between habitat complexity, plants and herbivores modulate the way symbionts affect parasitoid foraging, and parasitoid evaluation of patch quality based on risk cues derived from parasitoid antagonists such as competing parasitoids and predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Frago
- CIRAD, UMR CBGP, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Université Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
| | - Sharon Zytynska
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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20
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Plant litter strengthens positive biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships over time. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:473-484. [PMID: 36599737 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant biodiversity-productivity relationships become stronger over time in grasslands, forests, and agroecosystems. Plant shoot and root litter is important in mediating these positive relationships, yet the functional role of plant litter remains overlooked in long-term experiments. We propose that plant litter strengthens biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships over time in four ways by providing decomposing detritus that releases nitrogen (N) over time for uptake by existing and succeeding plants, enhancing overall soil fertility, changing soil community composition, and reducing the impact of residue-borne pathogens and pests. We bring new insights into how diversity-productivity relationships may change over time and suggest that the diversification of crop residue retention through increased residue diversity from plant mixtures will improve the sustainability of food production systems.
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21
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Harrison R, Banda J, Chipabika G, Chisonga C, Katema C, Mabote Ndalamei D, Nyirenda S, Tembo H. Low Impact of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Across Smallholder Fields in Malawi and Zambia. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1783-1789. [PMID: 36515111 PMCID: PMC9748589 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith), a serious pest of cereals from the Americas, has spread across sub-Saharan Africa and Asia since 2016, threatening the food security and incomes of millions of smallholder farmers. To measure the impact of S. frugiperda under different management approaches, we established on-farm trials across 12 landscapes (615-1,379 mm mean annual rainfall) in Malawi and Zambia during the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons. Here we present the results from our conventional tillage, monocrop maize, no pesticide treatment, which served to monitor the background S. frugiperda impact in the absence of control measures. Median plot-level S. frugiperda incidence ranged between 0.00 and 0.52 across landscapes. Considering severe leaf damage (Davis score ≥5), the proportion of affected plants varied between 0.00 and 0.30 at the plot scale, but only 3% of plots had ≥10% severely damaged plants. While incidence and damage severity varied substantially among sites and seasons, our models indicate that they were lower in high tree cover landscapes, in the late season scouting, and in the 2020/2021 season. Yield could not be predicted from S. frugiperda incidence or leaf damage. Our results suggest S. frugiperda impacts may have been overestimated at many sites across sub-Saharan Africa. S. frugiperda incidence and damage declined through the cropping season, indicating that natural mortality factors were limiting populations, and none of our plots were heavily impacted. Long-term S. frugiperda management should be based on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) principles, including minimising the use of chemical pesticides to protect natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Banda
- Zambian Agricultural Research Institute, Mt Mukulu Research Station, Chilanga, Zambia
| | - Gilson Chipabika
- Zambian Agricultural Research Institute, Mt Mukulu Research Station, Chilanga, Zambia
| | | | - Christopher Katema
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Chitedze Agricultural Research Station, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Stephen Nyirenda
- Department of Agricultural Research Services (DARS), Bvumbwe Agricultural Research Station, Limbe, Malawi
| | - Howard Tembo
- Zambian Agricultural Research Institute, Mt Mukulu Research Station, Chilanga, Zambia
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22
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Plant genetic diversity affects multiple trophic levels and trophic interactions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7312. [PMID: 36437257 PMCID: PMC9701765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific genetic diversity is an important component of biodiversity. A substantial body of evidence has demonstrated positive effects of plant genetic diversity on plant performance. However, it has remained unclear whether plant genetic diversity generally increases plant performance by reducing the pressure of plant antagonists across trophic levels for different plant life forms, ecosystems and climatic zones. Here, we analyse 4702 effect sizes reported in 413 studies that consider effects of plant genetic diversity on trophic groups and their interactions. We found that that increasing plant genetic diversity decreased the performance of plant antagonists including invertebrate herbivores, weeds, plant-feeding nematodes and plant diseases, while increasing the performance of plants and natural enemies of herbivores. Structural equation modelling indicated that plant genetic diversity increased plant performance partly by reducing plant antagonist pressure. These results reveal that plant genetic diversity often influences multiple trophic levels in ways that enhance natural pest control in managed ecosystems and consumer control of plants in natural ecosystems for sustainable plant production.
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Bianchi FJ. From pattern to process: Towards mechanistic design principles for pest suppressive landscapes. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wyckhuys KA, Zhang W, Colmenarez YC, Simelton E, Sander BO, Lu Y. Tritrophic defenses as a central pivot of low-emission, pest-suppressive farming systems. CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY 2022; 58:101208. [PMID: 36320406 PMCID: PMC9611972 DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2022.101208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has spotlighted the intricate connections between human and planetary health. Given that pesticide-centered crop protection degrades ecological resilience and (in-)directly harms human health, the adoption of ecologically sound, biodiversity-driven alternatives is imperative. In this Synthesis paper, we illuminate how ecological forces can be manipulated to bolster 'tritrophic defenses' against crop pests, pathogens, and weeds. Three distinct, yet mutually compatible approaches (habitat-mediated, breeding-dependent, and epigenetic tactics) can be deployed at different organizational levels, that is, from an individual seed to entire farming landscapes. Biodiversity can be harnessed for crop protection through ecological infrastructures, diversification tactics, and reconstituted soil health. Crop diversification is ideally guided by interorganismal interplay and plant-soil feedbacks, entailing resistant cultivars, rotation schemes, or multicrop arrangements. Rewarding opportunities also exist to prime plants for enhanced immunity or indirect defenses. As tritrophic defenses spawn multiple societal cobenefits, they could become core features of healthy, climate-resilient, and low-carbon food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Ag Wyckhuys
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Chrysalis Consulting, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Wei Zhang
- International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI-CGIAR), Washington DC, USA
| | | | | | - Bjorn O Sander
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI-CGIAR), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liu X, Lu Y, Huang M, Zhou S. Host diversity positively affects the temporal stability of foliar fungal diseases in a Tibetan alpine meadow. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:525-534. [PMID: 35809261 PMCID: PMC9510944 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant disease can dramatically affect population dynamics, community composition and ecosystem functions. However, most empirical studies focus on diseases at a certain time point and largely ignore their temporal stability, which directly affects our ability to predict when and where disease outbreaks will occur. METHODS Using a removal experiment that manipulates plant diversity (i.e. a plant biodiversity and ecosystem function experiment) and a fertilization experiment in a Tibetan alpine meadow, we investigated how different plant biodiversity indices and nitrogen fertilization affect the temporal stability of foliar fungal diseases (measured as the mean value of community pathogen load divided by its standard deviation) over seven consecutive years. KEY RESULTS We found that the temporal stability of foliar fungal diseases increased with plant diversity indices in the plant biodiversity and ecosystem function experiment. Meanwhile, we observed a weakly positive relationship between host diversity and temporal stability in the fertilization experiment. However, the nitrogen treatment did not affect temporal stability, given that fertilization increased both the mean and standard deviation of pathogen load by roughly the same magnitude. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that host diversity regulates the temporal stability of pathogen load, but we note that this effect may be attenuated under rapid biodiversity loss in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yawen Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mengjiao Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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Complex agricultural landscapes host more biodiversity than simple ones: A global meta-analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203385119. [PMID: 36095174 PMCID: PMC9499564 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203385119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural land, the world’s largest human-managed ecosystem, forms the matrix that connects remnant and fragmented patches of natural vegetation where nondomesticated biodiversity struggles to survive. Increasing the resources that this matrix can offer to biodiversity is critical to halting biodiversity loss. Our comprehensive meta-analysis demonstrates the positive and significant effect on biodiversity of increasing landscape complexity in agricultural lands. We found more biodiversity in complex landscapes, potentially contributing to agriculture production, ecosystem resilience, and human well-being. Current biodiversity conservation strategies tend to focus on natural ecosystems, often ignoring opportunities to boost biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Our findings provide a strong scientific evidence base for synergistically managing agriculture at the landscape level for biodiversity conservation and sustainable production. Managing agricultural landscapes to support biodiversity conservation requires profound structural changes worldwide. Often, discussions are centered on management at the field level. However, a wide and growing body of evidence calls for zooming out and targeting agricultural policies, research, and interventions at the landscape level to halt and reverse the decline in biodiversity, increase biodiversity-mediated ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes, and improve the resilience and adaptability of these ecosystems. We conducted the most comprehensive assessment to date on landscape complexity effects on nondomesticated terrestrial biodiversity through a meta-analysis of 1,134 effect sizes from 157 peer-reviewed articles. Increasing landscape complexity through changes in composition, configuration, or heterogeneity significatively and positively affects biodiversity. More complex landscapes host more biodiversity (richness, abundance, and evenness) with potential benefits to sustainable agricultural production and conservation, and effects are likely underestimated. The few articles that assessed the combined contribution of linear (e.g., hedgerows) and areal (e.g., woodlots) elements resulted in a near-doubling of the effect sizes (i.e., biodiversity level) compared to the dominant number of studies measuring these elements separately. Similarly, positive effects on biodiversity are stronger in articles monitoring biodiversity for at least 2 y compared to the dominant 1-y monitoring efforts. Besides, positive and stronger effects exist when monitoring occurs in nonoverlapping landscapes, highlighting the need for long-term and robustly designed monitoring efforts. Living in harmony with nature will require shifting paradigms toward valuing and promoting multifunctional agriculture at the farm and landscape levels with a research agenda that untangles complex agricultural landscapes’ contributions to people and nature under current and future conditions.
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Wan N, Cavalieri A, Siemann E, Dainese M, Li W, Jiang J. Spatial aggregation of herbivores and predators enhances tri‐trophic cascades in paddy fields: rice monoculture vs. rice‐fish co‐culture. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nian‐Feng Wan
- Eco‐environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology School of Pharmacy of East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Institute of Pesticides & Pharmaceuticals East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Andrea Cavalieri
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Evan Siemann
- Department of Biosciences Rice University Houston TX USA
| | | | - Wen‐Wei Li
- Eco‐environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology School of Pharmacy of East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jie‐Xian Jiang
- Eco‐environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology School of Pharmacy of East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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28
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Gong S, Hodgson JA, Tscharntke T, Liu Y, van der Werf W, Batáry P, Knops JMH, Zou Y. Biodiversity and yield trade-offs for organic farming. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1699-1710. [PMID: 35545523 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organic farming supports higher biodiversity than conventional farming, but at the cost of lower yields. We conducted a meta-analysis quantifying the trade-off between biodiversity and yield, comparing conventional and organic farming. We developed a compatibility index to assess whether biodiversity gains from organic farming exceed yield losses, and a substitution index to assess whether organic farming would increase biodiversity in an area if maintaining total production under organic farming would require cultivating more land at the expense of nature. Overall, organic farming had 23% gain in biodiversity with a similar cost of yield decline. Biodiversity gain is negatively correlated to yield loss for microbes and plants, but no correlation was found for other taxa. The biodiversity and yield trade-off varies under different contexts of organic farming. The overall compatibility index value was close to zero, with negative values for cereal crops, positive for non-cereal crops, and varies across taxa. Our results indicate that, on average, the proportion of biodiversity gain is similar to the proportion of yield loss for paired field studies. For some taxa in non-cereal crops, switching to organic farming can lead to a biodiversity gain without yield loss. We calculated the overall value of substitution index and further discussed the application of this index to evaluate when the biodiversity of less intensified farming system is advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanxing Gong
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jenny A Hodgson
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Yunhui Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wopke van der Werf
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Péter Batáry
- "Lendület" Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
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29
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Alarcón‐Segura V, Grass I, Breustedt G, Rohlfs M, Tscharntke T. Strip‐intercropping of wheat and oilseed rape enhances biodiversity and biological pest control in a conventionally managed farm scenario. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingo Grass
- Department of Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany
| | - Gunnar Breustedt
- Farm Management studies and production economics Institute for Agricultural Economics Christian‐Albrechts University of Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Marko Rohlfs
- Institute of Ecology Population and Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Bremen Bremen Germany
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Dept. of Crop Sciences University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
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30
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Zhao Y, Yin X, Fu Y, Yue T. A comparative mapping of plant species diversity using ensemble learning algorithms combined with high accuracy surface modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:17878-17891. [PMID: 34674121 PMCID: PMC8873049 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16973-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant species diversity (PSD) has always been an essential component of biodiversity and plays an important role in ecosystem functions and services. However, it is still a huge challenge to simulate the spatial distribution of PSD due to the difficulties of data acquisition and unsatisfactory performance of predicting algorithms over large areas. A surge in the number of remote sensing imagery, along with the great success of machine learning, opens new opportunities for the mapping of PSD. Therefore, different machine learning algorithms combined with high-accuracy surface modeling (HASM) were firstly proposed to predict the PSD in the Xinghai, northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Spectral reflectance and vegetation indices, generated from Landsat 8 images, and environmental variables were taken as the potential explanatory factors of machine learning models including least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso), ridge regression (Ridge), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Random Forest (RF). The prediction generated from these machine learning methods and in situ observation data were integrated by using HASM for the high-accuracy mapping of PSD including three species diversity indices. The results showed that PSD was closely associated with vegetation indices, followed by spectral reflectance and environmental factors. XGBoost combined with HASM (HASM-XGBoost) showed the best performance with the lowest MAE and RMSE. Our results suggested that the fusion of heterogeneous data and the ensemble of heterogeneous models may revolutionize our ability to predict the PSD over large areas, especially in some places limited by sparse field samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiaozhe Yin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Yan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tianxiang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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31
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Stemmelen A, Jactel H, Brockerhoff E, Castagneyrol B. Meta-analysis of tree diversity effects on the abundance, diversity and activity of herbivores' enemies. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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32
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Wang H, Li J, Chen H, Liu H, Nie M. Enzymic moderations of bacterial and fungal communities on short- and long-term warming impacts on soil organic carbon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150197. [PMID: 34798739 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities play critical roles in soil carbon-warming feedback, but our understanding of their linkages to soil carbon (C) pools in response to short- and long-term warming is deficient. Here, by conducting a meta-analysis of 150 studies, we show that short-term (<5 years) warming mainly affects soil labile carbon (LC) pools by changing bacterial community structure, while long-term (≥5 years) warming promotes the decomposition of recalcitrant C (RC) pools by increasing fungal biomass and decreasing actinobacterial biomass. Specifically, under short-term warming, significant increases in actinobacterial biomass (+15.9%) and the G+/G- ratio (+8.0%) were accompanied by an increase in carbon-degrading enzyme activities and a decrease in LC (-5.9%). Under long-term warming, the fungal biomass (+20.4%) and related POX (phenol oxidase) activity (+34.9%) increased significantly, while actinobacterial biomass (-20.1%), RC (-18.8%) and SOC (-6.7%) decreased. Meanwhile, we observed that warming impacts on soil microbial communities can be predicted by ecosystem type, the magnitude of warming, pH and elevation. Latitude and warming duration contributed the most to explaining the responses of LC and RC, respectively, across studies. Given that RC accounts for a substantial fraction of global soil C pools, the decline in RC pools greatly contributes to soil C degradation. Our findings suggest that different microbial groups may mediate the temporal dynamics of the decomposition of different soil C components and highlight that incorporating the temporal responses of soil microorganisms will improve predictions of the long-term dynamics of soil C pools in a warmer world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyang Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Nie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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33
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Thomine E, Mumford J, Rusch A, Desneux N. Using crop diversity to lower pesticide use: Socio-ecological approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150156. [PMID: 34509833 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The farming practices adopted since the end of the Second World War, based on large areas of monocultures and chemical use, have adversely affected the health of farmers and consumers and dramatically reduced farmland biodiversity. As a consequence, many studies over more than twenty years have stated that agriculture is facing three main challenges: (1) feeding the growing world population (2) with more environmentally friendly products (3) at a reasonable return for the producer. Increasing the efficacy of biocontrol could be one lever for agriculture to meet these expectations. In this study we propose implementation of a relatively under-researched system based on the management of landscape level crop diversity that would reduce demand for pesticide use and increase conservation biocontrol. The principle of manipulating crop diversity over space and time at a landscape scale is to optimize resource continuity, such as food and shelter for natural enemies to increase biocontrol services, reduce pest outbreaks and crop losses. The feasibility of such management options is discussed in relation to environmental, social and economic aspects. The operational and institutional inputs and conditions needed to make the system work are explored, as well as the potential added values of such a system for different stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Thomine
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France; L@bisen, ISEN Yncréa Ouest, 29200 Brest, France.
| | - John Mumford
- Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, United Kingdom
| | - Adrien Rusch
- INRAE, ISVV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR SAVE, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France.
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Höglind L, Hansson H, Manevska-Tasevska G. Questioning the dichotomy: A Latent profile analysis of ecological management practices in Swedish agriculture. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113770. [PMID: 34555770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently, farmers who are not certified according to organic certification schemes are considered to be conventional farmers. Discussions in the farming sector reveal a view that the current organic classification system is too narrow and does not account for the full heterogeneity of the ecological practices that are prevalent in the agricultural sector. The failure to recognise practices within conventional farming, such as low-input farming or conservation agriculture, may therefore undermine efforts to adopt ecological practices. This study investigates heterogeneity in farmer uptake of management practices using factor analysis for dimension reduction and Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) for identification of farmer segments. The findings reveal four farmer profiles with a varying degree of use of chemicals and ecological, alternative, or mixed management approaches. Using seemingly unrelated regression, we find that being certified according to the Swedish organic certification scheme KRAV, or the EU organic label, does not have an impact on a farmer's profile, suggesting that the data do not support the organic/conventional dichotomy. Instead, age, farming income and geographical location are to a greater degree the key factors in determining the larger farmer profile compared with the smaller, more diversified farmer profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Höglind
- Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7013, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Helena Hansson
- Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7013, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Gordana Manevska-Tasevska
- Department of Economics, Agrifood Economic Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7013, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Albert G, Gauzens B, Loreau M, Wang S, Brose U. The hidden role of multi-trophic interactions in driving diversity-productivity relationships. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:405-415. [PMID: 34846785 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Resource-use complementarity of producer species is often invoked to explain the generally positive diversity-productivity relationships. Additionally, multi-trophic interactions that link processes across trophic levels have received increasing attention as a possible key driver. Given that both are integral to natural ecosystems, their interactive effect should be evident but has remained hidden. We address this issue by analysing diversity-productivity relationships in a simulation experiment of producer communities nested within complex food-webs, manipulating resource-use complementarity and multi-trophic animal richness. We show that these two mechanisms interactively create diverse communities of complementary producer species. This shapes diversity-productivity relationships such that their joint contribution generally exceeds their individual effects. Specifically, multi-trophic interactions in animal-rich ecosystems facilitate producer coexistence by preventing competitive exclusion despite overlaps in resource-use, which increases the realised complementarity. The interdependence of food-webs and producer complementarity in creating biodiversity-productivity relationships highlights the importance to adopt a multi-trophic perspective on biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Albert
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Benoit Gauzens
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michel Loreau
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ulrich Brose
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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36
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Notenbaert AMO, Douxchamps S, Villegas DM, Arango J, Paul BK, Burkart S, Rao I, Kettle CJ, Rudel T, Vázquez E, Teutscherova N, Chirinda N, Groot JCJ, Wironen M, Pulleman M, Louhaichi M, Hassan S, Oberson A, Nyawira SS, Pinares-Patino CS, Peters M. Tapping Into the Environmental Co-benefits of Improved Tropical Forages for an Agroecological Transformation of Livestock Production Systems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.742842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock are critical for incomes, livelihoods, nutrition and ecosystems management throughout the global South. Livestock production and the consumption of livestock-based foods such as meat, cheese, and milk is, however, under global scrutiny for its contribution to global warming, deforestation, biodiversity loss, water use, pollution, and land/soil degradation. This paper argues that, although the environmental footprint of livestock production presents a real threat to planetary sustainability, also in the global south, this is highly contextual. Under certain context-specific management regimes livestock can deliver multiple benefits for people and planet. We provide evidence that a move toward sustainable intensification of livestock production is possible and could mitigate negative environmental impacts and even provide critical ecosystem services, such as improved soil health, carbon sequestration, and enhanced biodiversity on farms. The use of cultivated forages, many improved through selection or breeding and including grasses, legumes and trees, in integrated crop-tree-livestock systems is proposed as a stepping stone toward agroecological transformation. We introduce cultivated forages, explain their multi-functionality and provide an overview of where and to what extent the forages have been applied and how this has benefited people and the planet alike. We then examine their potential to contribute to the 13 principles of agroecology and find that integrating cultivated forages in mixed crop-tree-livestock systems follows a wide range of agroecological principles and increases the sustainability of livestock production across the globe. More research is, however, needed at the food system scale to fully understand the role of forages in the sociological and process aspects of agroecology. We make the case for further genetic improvement of cultivated forages and strong multi-disciplinary systems research to strengthen our understanding of the multidimensional impacts of forages and for managing agro-environmental trade-offs. We finish with a call for action, for the agroecological and livestock research and development communities to improve communication and join hands for a sustainable agri-food system transformation.
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Xiao L, Labandeira CC, Ben-Dov Y, Maccracken SA, Shih C, Dilcher DL, Ren D. Early Cretaceous mealybug herbivory on a laurel highlights the deep-time history of angiosperm-scale insect associations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1414-1423. [PMID: 34379798 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Insect fluid-feeding on fossil vascular plants is an inconspicuous and underappreciated mode of herbivory that can provide novel data on the evolution of deep-time ecological associations and indicate the host-plant preferences of ancient insect herbivores. Previous fossil studies have documented piercing-and-sucking herbivory but often are unable to identify culprit insect taxa. One line of evidence are punctures and scale-insect impression marks made by piercing-and-sucking insects that occasionally provide clues to the systematic identities and relationships of particular insect herbivores. We report here the earliest occurrences of piercing and sucking on early angiosperms as evidenced by scale insect covers, impression marks, punctures and body fossils - notably a mealybug - from the Lower Cretaceous Rose Creek Flora of the Dakota Formation (c. 103 Ma), in southeastern Nebraska, USA. The mealybug, two other scale insect taxa, and several distinctive damage types on laurel leaves and seed-plant stems at Rose Creek document a diverse guild of piercing-and-sucking insects on early angiosperms. The discovery of an Early Cretaceous female mealybug indicates an early herbivorous association with a laurel host. These data provide direct evidence for co-associations and possible coevolution of scale insects and their plant hosts during early angiosperm diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Xiao
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | - Conrad C Labandeira
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
- Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, CO, 80205, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Yair Ben-Dov
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - S Augusta Maccracken
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
- Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, CO, 80205, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Chungkun Shih
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | - David L Dilcher
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Dong Ren
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
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Ahmad Z, Mulk Khan S, Page S, Alamri S, Hashem M. Plants predict the mineral mines – A methodological approach to use indicator plant species for the discovery of mining sites. J Adv Res 2021; 39:119-133. [PMID: 35777902 PMCID: PMC9263987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant species predict presence of specific mineral reserves. These plants can be used as indicators for economically important mineral reserves. Indicator Species and modelling approaches were used for indicators of mineral mines. Coal indicators were Olea ferruginea, Gymnosporia royleana and few more. These approaches could potentially be applied for exploration of mineral reserves.
Introduction Objectives Methods Results Conclusion
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Sun Z, Shi JH, Liu H, Yin LT, Abdelnabby H, Wang MQ. Phytopathogenic infection alters rice-pest-parasitoid tri-trophic interactions. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4530-4538. [PMID: 34047439 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant pathogens and pests often occur together, causing damage while interfering with plant growth. The effects of phytopathogenic infections on plant-herbivore-natural enemy tri-trophic interactions (TTIs) have been extensively investigated, but little is known about how the interval of infection influences such relationships. Here, the effect of rice plants infected by the phytopathogen Rhizoctonia solani on the herbivorous rice brown planthopper (BPH) and associated egg parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae over a temporal scale was examined. RESULTS Our results showed that rice plants infected by R. solani showed increased volatile profiles and significantly attracted BPH and A. nilaparvatae at 5-15 days post infection (DPI) and 5-10 DPI, respectively, when compared with healthy plants. Jasmonic acid and salicylic acid content decreased significantly in BPH-damaged plants after 15 DPI, whereas oxalic acid accumulated soon after 5 DPI when compared with healthy plants. To adapt to adverse environment, BPH laid more eggs and developed into macropterous adults. Under field conditions, R. solani infection had no substantial effect on the arthropod community when compared with healthy plants. CONCLUSION Taken together, R. solani infection altered rice-pest-parasitoid TTIs over a temporal scale. This result will shed more light on our understanding of plant pathogen-insect cross-talk essential for developing novel pest management strategies. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Hua Shi
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Le-Tong Yin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hazem Abdelnabby
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Man-Qun Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Windsor FM, Tavella J, Rother DC, Raimundo RLG, Devoto M, Guimarães PR, Evans DM. Identifying plant mixes for multiple ecosystem service provision in agricultural systems using ecological networks. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fredric M. Windsor
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Julia Tavella
- Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Débora C. Rother
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rafael L. G. Raimundo
- Departamento de Engenharia e Meio Ambiente Universidade Federal da Paraíba Joao Pessoa Brazil
| | - Mariano Devoto
- Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | | | - Darren M. Evans
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
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Brandmeier J, Reininghaus H, Pappagallo S, Karley AJ, Kiær LP, Scherber C. Intercropping in high input agriculture supports arthropod diversity without risking significant yield losses. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Madden MK, Widick IV, Blubaugh CK. Weeds Impose Unique Outcomes for Pests, Natural Enemies, and Yield in Two Vegetable Crops. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:330-336. [PMID: 33480401 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Weed management requires enormous labor investments from vegetable farmers, yet crops vary in how much weed pressure they can tolerate without yield loss. Moreover, until weeds reach a point where they threaten yield or approach seed production, they can increase biodiversity and provision food and habitat to attract predatory insects. In two related field experiments, we quantified impacts of weed presence and diversity on pests, predators, and biocontrol of both weed seeds and insect prey. We also measured yields of two vegetables that vary in competitiveness (eggplants and turnips) across two weed management treatments (weedy and weed-free), to determine productivity costs of tolerating weeds. Allowing weeds to grow adjacent to rows of eggplants increased abundances of predators and reduced pests. Surprisingly, relaxing weed management came at no cost to eggplant yield. In contrast, tolerating weeds in turnips had strong yield costs, and did not benefit predators or decrease pest pressure. On both crops, pests declined as weed diversity increased. Yet, weed treatments had no impact on consumption of weed seeds or sentinel prey by soil-surface insects, which were dominated by red imported fire ants. Our results suggest that highly competitive crops might benefit from stronger natural pest control when weeds are less-aggressively managed. However, herbivores and predators had unique responses to weeds that were crop-specific. To help farmers allocate limited weed management labor resources, future work should examine the relative competitiveness of a wider variety of vegetables over a gradient of weed pressure while measuring corresponding impacts on pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina K Madden
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
| | - Ivy V Widick
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Carmen K Blubaugh
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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Promoting crop pest control by plant diversification in agricultural landscapes: A conceptual framework for analysing feedback loops between agro-ecological and socio-economic effects. ADV ECOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Barnes AD, Scherber C, Brose U, Borer ET, Ebeling A, Gauzens B, Giling DP, Hines J, Isbell F, Ristok C, Tilman D, Weisser WW, Eisenhauer N. Biodiversity enhances the multitrophic control of arthropod herbivory. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/45/eabb6603. [PMID: 33158860 PMCID: PMC7673711 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb6603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod herbivores cause substantial economic costs that drive an increasing need to develop environmentally sustainable approaches to herbivore control. Increasing plant diversity is expected to limit herbivory by altering plant-herbivore and predator-herbivore interactions, but the simultaneous influence of these interactions on herbivore impacts remains unexplored. We compiled 487 arthropod food webs in two long-running grassland biodiversity experiments in Europe and North America to investigate whether and how increasing plant diversity can reduce the impacts of herbivores on plants. We show that plants lose just under half as much energy to arthropod herbivores when in high-diversity mixtures versus monocultures and reveal that plant diversity decreases effects of herbivores on plants by simultaneously benefiting predators and reducing average herbivore food quality. These findings demonstrate that conserving plant diversity is crucial for maintaining interactions in food webs that provide natural control of herbivore pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Barnes
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3204, New Zealand.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - C Scherber
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Centre for Biodiversity Monitoring, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - U Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - E T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave., Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - A Ebeling
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - B Gauzens
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - D P Giling
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari St., Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, Building 101, Clunies Ross Street, Black Mountain, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - J Hines
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - F Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave., Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - C Ristok
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - D Tilman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave., Saint Paul, MN, USA
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - W W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - N Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Cao Y, Li R, Zhou S, Song L, Quan R, Hu H. Ethnobotanical study on wild edible plants used by three trans-boundary ethnic groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu'er, Southwest China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2020; 16:66. [PMID: 33109239 PMCID: PMC7590688 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-020-00420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dai, Hani, and Yao people, in the trans-boundary region between China, Laos, and Vietnam, have gathered plentiful traditional knowledge about wild edible plants during their long history of understanding and using natural resources. The ecologically rich environment and the multi-ethnic integration provide a valuable foundation and driving force for high biodiversity and cultural diversity in this region. However, little study has uncovered this unique and attractive culture to the world. METHODS We conducted ethnobotanical survey in 20 villages of Jiangcheng County from 2016 to 2020. Altogether 109 local Dai, Hani, and Yao people were interviewed, and their traditional knowledge about wild edible plants was recorded. Voucher specimens were identified by the authors and deposited in the herbarium of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences (HITBC). The use value was used as a quantitative index to evaluate the consumption frequency and relative importance of the wild edible plants. The Jaccard index was calculated to assess the usage similarity of different areas. The relationship of age and recognized wild edible plants by different ethnic people was performed by R. RESULTS A total of 211 wild edible plants, belonging to 71 families and 151 genera, were recorded. These plants were consumed as wild edible vegetables, seasonal fruits, salads, spices, sour condiments, tonic soups, tea substitutes, liquor brewing, or dyeing materials. The use value (UV), current cultivation, market availability, and the quantitative traditional knowledge inheritance situation of these wild edible plants among different generations, were analyzed. Based on the data from the threatened species list of China's higher plants and the IUCN Red List, the food plant list for Asia Elephant, the Subject Database of China Plant, and the calculated UV score, the top 30 most important wild edible plants were selected for further cultivation in some local villages. CONCLUSION Traditional knowledge of wild edible plants, owned by Dai, Hani, and Yao people in Jiangcheng County, is rich but at risk of being lost among the young generation. Diversified cultivation of wild edible plants by the local communities could be a solution for the sustainable use of natural resources and to conserve the endangered species in this trans-boundary region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Cao
- Agriculture Service Center, Zhengdong Township, Pu'er City, 665903, Yunnan, China
| | - Ren Li
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Shishun Zhou
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Liang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruichang Quan
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Huabin Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
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