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Albu M, Affolter E, Gentile A, Xu Y, Kikhi K, Howard S, Kuenne C, Priya R, Gunawan F, Stainier DYR. Distinct mechanisms regulate ventricular and atrial chamber wall formation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8159. [PMID: 39289341 PMCID: PMC11408654 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissues undergo distinct morphogenetic processes to achieve similarly shaped structures. In the heart, cardiomyocytes in both the ventricle and atrium build internal structures for efficient contraction. Ventricular wall formation (trabeculation) is initiated by cardiomyocyte delamination. How cardiomyocytes build the atrial wall is poorly understood. Using longitudinal imaging in zebrafish, we found that at least 25% of the atrial cardiomyocytes elongate along the long axis of the heart. These cell shape changes result in cell intercalation and convergent thickening, leading to the formation of the internal muscle network. We tested factors important for ventricular trabeculation including Nrg/ErbB and Notch signaling and found no evidence for their role in atrial muscle network formation. Instead, our data suggest that atrial cardiomyocyte elongation is regulated by Yap, which has not been implicated in trabeculation. Altogether, these data indicate that distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms build the internal muscle structures in the atrium and ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marga Albu
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Eileen Affolter
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Alessandra Gentile
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College, London, UK
| | - Yanli Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Khrievono Kikhi
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Flow Cytometry Service Group, Max Planck for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Howard
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Kuenne
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rashmi Priya
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Felix Gunawan
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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2
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Wang W, Yang L, Sun H, Peng X, Yuan J, Zhong W, Chen J, He X, Ye L, Zeng Y, Gao Z, Li Y, Qu X. Cellular nucleus image-based smarter microscope system for single cell analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 250:116052. [PMID: 38266616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Cell imaging technology is undoubtedly a powerful tool for studying single-cell heterogeneity due to its non-invasive and visual advantages. It covers microscope hardware, software, and image analysis techniques, which are hindered by low throughput owing to abundant hands-on time and expertise. Herein, a cellular nucleus image-based smarter microscope system for single-cell analysis is reported to achieve high-throughput analysis and high-content detection of cells. By combining the hardware of an automatic fluorescence microscope and multi-object recognition/acquisition software, we have achieved more advanced process automation with the assistance of Robotic Process Automation (RPA), which realizes a high-throughput collection of single-cell images. Automated acquisition of single-cell images has benefits beyond ease and throughout and can lead to uniform standard and higher quality images. We further constructed a single-cell image database-based convolutional neural network (Efficient Convolutional Neural Network, E-CNN) exceeding 20618 single-cell nucleus images. Computational analysis of large and complex data sets enhances the content and efficiency of single-cell analysis with the assistance of Artificial Intelligence (AI), which breaks through the super-resolution microscope's hardware limitation, such as specialized light sources with specific wavelengths, advanced optical components, and high-performance graphics cards. Our system can identify single-cell nucleus images that cannot be artificially distinguished with an accuracy of 95.3%. Overall, we build an ordinary microscope into a high-throughput analysis and high-content smarter microscope system, making it a candidate tool for Imaging cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518017, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518017, China
| | - Hang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518017, China
| | - Xiaohong Peng
- YueYang Central Hospital, YueYang, Hunan Province, 414000, China
| | - Junjie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518017, China
| | - Wenhao Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518017, China
| | - Jinqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518017, China
| | - Xin He
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518017, China
| | - Lingzhi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518017, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Zhifan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518017, China.
| | - Yunhui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medical Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No.83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China.
| | - Xiangmeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518017, China.
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3
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Noël ES. Cardiac construction-Recent advances in morphological and transcriptional modeling of early heart development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 156:121-156. [PMID: 38556421 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
During human embryonic development the early establishment of a functional heart is vital to support the growing fetus. However, forming the embryonic heart is an extremely complex process, requiring spatiotemporally controlled cell specification and differentiation, tissue organization, and coordination of cardiac function. These complexities, in concert with the early and rapid development of the embryonic heart, mean that understanding the intricate interplay between these processes that help shape the early heart remains highly challenging. In this review I focus on recent insights from animal models that have shed new light on the earliest stages of heart development. This includes specification and organization of cardiac progenitors, cell and tissue movements that make and shape the early heart tube, and the initiation of the first beat in the developing heart. In addition I highlight relevant in vitro models that could support translation of findings from animal models to human heart development. Finally I discuss challenges that are being addressed in the field, along with future considerations that together may help move us towards a deeper understanding of how our hearts are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Noël
- School of Biosciences and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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4
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Zheng X, Betjes MA, Ender P, Goos YJ, Huelsz-Prince G, Clevers H, van Zon JS, Tans SJ. Organoid cell fate dynamics in space and time. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd6480. [PMID: 37595032 PMCID: PMC10438469 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add6480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Organoids are a major new tool to study tissue renewal. However, characterizing the underlying differentiation dynamics remains challenging. Here, we developed TypeTracker, which identifies cell fates by AI-enabled cell tracking and propagating end point fates back along the branched lineage trees. Cells that ultimately migrate to the villus commit to their new type early, when still deep inside the crypt, with important consequences: (i) Secretory cells commit before terminal division, with secretory fates emerging symmetrically in sister cells. (ii) Different secretory types descend from distinct stem cell lineages rather than an omnipotent secretory progenitor. (iii) The ratio between secretory and absorptive cells is strongly affected by proliferation after commitment. (iv) Spatial patterning occurs after commitment through type-dependent cell rearrangements. This "commit-then-sort" model contrasts with the conventional conveyor belt picture, where cells differentiate by moving up the crypt-villus axis and hence raises new questions about the underlying commitment and sorting mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, Netherlands
| | | | - Sander J Tans
- Bionanoscience Department, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- AMOLF, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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5
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Zhang Y, Li X, Gao S, Liao Y, Luo Y, Liu M, Bian Y, Xiong H, Yue Y, He A. Genetic reporter for live tracing fluid flow forces during cell fate segregation in mouse blastocyst development. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1110-1123.e9. [PMID: 37541214 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are known to be important in mammalian blastocyst formation; however, due to limited tools, specific force inputs and how they relay to first cell fate control of inner cell mass (ICM) and/or trophectoderm (TE) remain elusive. Combining in toto live imaging and various perturbation experiments, we demonstrate and measure fluid flow forces existing in the mouse blastocyst cavity and identify Klf2(Krüppel-like factor 2) as a fluid force reporter with force-responsive enhancers. Long-term live imaging and lineage reconstructions reveal that blastomeres subject to higher fluid flow forces adopt ICM cell fates. These are reinforced by internal ferrofluid-induced flow force assays. We also utilize ex vivo fluid flow force mimicking and pharmacological perturbations to confirm mechanosensing specificity. Together, we report a genetically encoded reporter for continuously monitoring fluid flow forces and cell fate decisions and provide a live imaging framework to infer force information enriched lineage landscape during development. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdong Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Gao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanhui Liao
- School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yingjie Luo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunkun Bian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haiqing Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanzhu Yue
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Cell Fate and Diseases, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China.
| | - Aibin He
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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6
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Green RM, Lo Vercio LD, Dauter A, Barretto EC, Devine J, Vidal-García M, Marchini M, Robertson S, Zhao X, Mahika A, Shakir MB, Guo S, Boughner JC, Dean W, Lander AD, Marcucio RS, Forkert ND, Hallgrímsson B. Quantifying the relationship between cell proliferation and morphology during development of the face. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.12.540515. [PMID: 37214859 PMCID: PMC10197725 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.12.540515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Morphogenesis requires highly coordinated, complex interactions between cellular processes: proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, along with physical tissue interactions. How these cellular and tissue dynamics drive morphogenesis remains elusive. Three dimensional (3D) microscopic imaging poses great promise, and generates elegant images. However, generating even moderate through-put quantified images is challenging for many reasons. As a result, the association between morphogenesis and cellular processes in 3D developing tissues has not been fully explored. To address this critical gap, we have developed an imaging and image analysis pipeline to enable 3D quantification of cellular dynamics along with 3D morphology for the same individual embryo. Specifically, we focus on how 3D distribution of proliferation relates to morphogenesis during mouse facial development. Our method involves imaging with light-sheet microscopy, automated segmentation of cells and tissues using machine learning-based tools, and quantification of external morphology via geometric morphometrics. Applying this framework, we show that changes in proliferation are tightly correlated to changes in morphology over the course of facial morphogenesis. These analyses illustrate the potential of this pipeline to investigate mechanistic relationships between cellular dynamics and morphogenesis during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Green
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lucas D Lo Vercio
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andreas Dauter
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C Barretto
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jay Devine
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marta Vidal-García
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Samuel Robertson
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anandita Mahika
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Bilal Shakir
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sienna Guo
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Julia C Boughner
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Wendy Dean
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Arthur D Lander
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ralph S Marcucio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nils D Forkert
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Benedikt Hallgrímsson
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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7
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Raiola M, Sendra M, Torres M. Imaging Approaches and the Quantitative Analysis of Heart Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:145. [PMID: 37103024 PMCID: PMC10144158 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10040145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart morphogenesis is a complex and dynamic process that has captivated researchers for almost a century. This process involves three main stages, during which the heart undergoes growth and folding on itself to form its common chambered shape. However, imaging heart development presents significant challenges due to the rapid and dynamic changes in heart morphology. Researchers have used different model organisms and developed various imaging techniques to obtain high-resolution images of heart development. Advanced imaging techniques have allowed the integration of multiscale live imaging approaches with genetic labeling, enabling the quantitative analysis of cardiac morphogenesis. Here, we discuss the various imaging techniques used to obtain high-resolution images of whole-heart development. We also review the mathematical approaches used to quantify cardiac morphogenesis from 3D and 3D+time images and to model its dynamics at the tissue and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Raiola
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (M.S.)
- Departamento de Ingeniería Biomedica, ETSI de Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Sendra
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Miguel Torres
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (M.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Dominguez MH, Krup AL, Muncie JM, Bruneau BG. Graded mesoderm assembly governs cell fate and morphogenesis of the early mammalian heart. Cell 2023; 186:479-496.e23. [PMID: 36736300 PMCID: PMC10091855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Using four-dimensional whole-embryo light sheet imaging with improved and accessible computational tools, we longitudinally reconstruct early murine cardiac development at single-cell resolution. Nascent mesoderm progenitors form opposing density and motility gradients, converting the temporal birth sequence of gastrulation into a spatial anterolateral-to-posteromedial arrangement. Migrating precardiac mesoderm does not strictly preserve cellular neighbor relationships, and spatial patterns only become solidified as the cardiac crescent emerges. Progenitors undergo a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, with a first heart field (FHF) ridge apposing a motile juxta-cardiac field (JCF). Anchored along the ridge, the FHF epithelium rotates the JCF forward to form the initial heart tube, along with push-pull morphodynamics of the second heart field. In Mesp1 mutants that fail to make a cardiac crescent, mesoderm remains highly motile but directionally incoherent, resulting in density gradient inversion. Our practicable live embryo imaging approach defines spatial origins and behaviors of cardiac progenitors and identifies their unanticipated morphological transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Dominguez
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Alexis Leigh Krup
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Human Genetics, and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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9
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Muscular hydraulics drive larva-polyp morphogenesis. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4707-4718.e8. [PMID: 36115340 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Development is a highly dynamic process in which organisms often experience changes in both form and behavior, which are typically coupled to each other. However, little is known about how organismal-scale behaviors such as body contractility and motility impact morphogenesis. Here, we use the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis as a developmental model to uncover a mechanistic link between organismal size, shape, and behavior. Using quantitative live imaging in a large population of developing animals, combined with molecular and biophysical experiments, we demonstrate that the muscular-hydraulic machinery that controls body movement also drives larva-polyp morphogenesis. We show that organismal size largely depends on cavity inflation through fluid uptake, whereas body shape is constrained by the organization of the muscular system. The generation of ethograms identifies different trajectories of size and shape development in sessile and motile animals, which display distinct patterns of body contractions. With a simple theoretical model, we conceptualize how pressures generated by muscular hydraulics can act as a global mechanical regulator that coordinates tissue remodeling. Altogether, our findings illustrate how organismal contractility and motility behaviors can influence morphogenesis.
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10
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Lu J, Zhang Z, Yin X, Tang Y, Ji R, Chen H, Guang Y, Gong X, He Y, Zhou W, Wang H, Cheng K, Wang Y, Chen X, Xie P, Guo ZV. An entorhinal-visual cortical circuit regulates depression-like behaviors. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3807-3820. [PMID: 35388184 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is viewed as a 'circuitopathy'. The hippocampal-entorhinal network plays a pivotal role in regulation of depression, and its main sensory output, the visual cortex, is a promising target for stimulation therapy of depression. However, whether the entorhinal-visual cortical pathway mediates depression and the potential mechanism remains unknown. Here we report a cortical circuit linking entorhinal cortex layer Va neurons to the medial portion of secondary visual cortex (Ent→V2M) that bidirectionally regulates depression-like behaviors in mice. Analyses of brain-wide projections of Ent Va neurons and two-color retrograde tracing indicated that Ent Va→V2M projection neurons represented a unique population of neurons in Ent Va. Immunostaining of c-Fos revealed that activity in Ent Va neurons was decreased in mice under chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Both chemogenetic inactivation of Ent→V2M projection neurons and optogenetic inactivation of the projection terminals induced social deficiency, anxiety- and despair-related behaviors in healthy mice. Chemogenetic inactivation of Ent→V2M projection neurons also aggravated these depression-like behaviors in CSDS-resilient mice. Optogenetic activation of Ent→V2M projection terminals rapidly ameliorated depression-like phenotypes. Optical recording using fiber photometry indicated that elevated neural activity in Ent→V2M projection terminals promoted antidepressant-like behaviors. Thus, the Ent→V2M circuit plays a crucial role in regulation of depression-like behaviors, and can function as a potential target for treating major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Zhouzhou Zhang
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Yin
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjun Tang
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Runan Ji
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Han Chen
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guang
- Department of gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen) and Dapeng Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, 518028, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue Gong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zengcai V Guo
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China. .,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, 100084, Beijing, China.
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11
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Alvarez Y, Smutny M. Emerging Role of Mechanical Forces in Cell Fate Acquisition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:864522. [PMID: 35676934 PMCID: PMC9168747 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.864522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces are now recognized as key cellular effectors that together with genetic and cellular signals physically shape and pattern tissues and organs during development. Increasing efforts are aimed toward understanding the less explored role of mechanical forces in controlling cell fate decisions in embryonic development. Here we discuss recent examples of how differential forces feedback into cell fate specification and tissue patterning. In particular, we focus on the role of actomyosin-contractile force generation and transduction in affecting tissue morphogenesis and cell fate regulation in the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Alvarez
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Smutny
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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12
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Zhang Y, Lu Y, El Sayyed H, Bian J, Lin J, Li X. Transcription factor dynamics in plants: Insights and technologies for in vivo imaging. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:23-36. [PMID: 35134239 PMCID: PMC9070795 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical and genetic approaches have been extensively used to study transcription factor (TF) functions, but their dynamic behaviors and the complex ways in which they regulate transcription in plant cells remain unexplored, particularly behaviors such as translocation and binding to DNA. Recent developments in labeling and imaging techniques provide the necessary sensitivity and resolution to study these behaviors in living cells. In this review, we present an up-to-date portrait of the dynamics and regulation of TFs under physiologically relevant conditions and then summarize recent advances in fluorescent labeling strategies and imaging techniques. We then discuss future prospects and challenges associated with the application of these techniques to examine TFs' intricate dance in living plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuqing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hafez El Sayyed
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Jiahui Bian
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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13
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Esteban I, Schmidt P, Desgrange A, Raiola M, Temiño S, Meilhac SM, Kobbelt L, Torres M. Pseudodynamic analysis of heart tube formation in the mouse reveals strong regional variability and early left-right asymmetry. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:504-517. [PMID: 39195950 PMCID: PMC11357989 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Understanding organ morphogenesis requires a precise geometrical description of the tissues involved in the process. The high morphological variability in mammalian embryos hinders the quantitative analysis of organogenesis. In particular, the study of early heart development in mammals remains a challenging problem due to imaging limitations and complexity. Here, we provide a complete morphological description of mammalian heart tube formation based on detailed imaging of a temporally dense collection of mouse embryonic hearts. We develop strategies for morphometric staging and quantification of local morphological variations between specimens. We identify hot spots of regionalized variability and identify Nodal-controlled left-right asymmetry of the inflow tracts as the earliest signs of organ left-right asymmetry in the mammalian embryo. Finally, we generate a three-dimensional+t digital model that allows co-representation of data from different sources and provides a framework for the computer modeling of heart tube formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Esteban
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick Schmidt
- Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Audrey Desgrange
- Unit of Heart Morphogenesis, Université de Paris, Imagine - Institut Pasteur, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Morena Raiola
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Temiño
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sigolène M Meilhac
- Unit of Heart Morphogenesis, Université de Paris, Imagine - Institut Pasteur, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Leif Kobbelt
- Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miguel Torres
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Ichikawa T, Zhang HT, Panavaite L, Erzberger A, Fabrèges D, Snajder R, Wolny A, Korotkevich E, Tsuchida-Straeten N, Hufnagel L, Kreshuk A, Hiiragi T. An ex vivo system to study cellular dynamics underlying mouse peri-implantation development. Dev Cell 2022; 57:373-386.e9. [PMID: 35063082 PMCID: PMC8826647 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Upon implantation, mammalian embryos undergo major morphogenesis and key developmental processes such as body axis specification and gastrulation. However, limited accessibility obscures the study of these crucial processes. Here, we develop an ex vivo Matrigel-collagen-based culture to recapitulate mouse development from E4.5 to E6.0. Our system not only recapitulates embryonic growth, axis initiation, and overall 3D architecture in 49% of the cases, but its compatibility with light-sheet microscopy also enables the study of cellular dynamics through automatic cell segmentation. We find that, upon implantation, release of the increasing tension in the polar trophectoderm is necessary for its constriction and invagination. The resulting extra-embryonic ectoderm plays a key role in growth, morphogenesis, and patterning of the neighboring epiblast, which subsequently gives rise to all embryonic tissues. This 3D ex vivo system thus offers unprecedented access to peri-implantation development for in toto monitoring, measurement, and spatiotemporally controlled perturbation, revealing a mechano-chemical interplay between extra-embryonic and embryonic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Ichikawa
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hui Ting Zhang
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Collaboration for PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Panavaite
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Collaboration for PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Erzberger
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Dimitri Fabrèges
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rene Snajder
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian Wolny
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Lars Hufnagel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Kreshuk
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Takashi Hiiragi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan.
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15
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Hou S, Li Z, Dong J, Gao Y, Chang Z, Ding X, Li S, Li Y, Zeng Y, Xin Q, Wang B, Ni Y, Ning X, Hu Y, Fan X, Hou Y, Li X, Wen L, Zhou B, Liu B, Tang F, Lan Y. Heterogeneity in endothelial cells and widespread venous arterialization during early vascular development in mammals. Cell Res 2022; 32:333-348. [PMID: 35079138 PMCID: PMC8975889 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractArteriogenesis rather than unspecialized capillary expansion is critical for restoring effective circulation to compromised tissues in patients. Deciphering the origin and specification of arterial endothelial cells during embryonic development will shed light on the understanding of adult arteriogenesis. However, during early embryonic angiogenesis, the process of endothelial diversification and molecular events underlying arteriovenous fate settling remain largely unresolved in mammals. Here, we constructed the single-cell transcriptomic landscape of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) during the time window for the occurrence of key vasculogenic and angiogenic events in both mouse and human embryos. We uncovered two distinct arterial VEC types, the major artery VECs and arterial plexus VECs, and unexpectedly divergent arteriovenous characteristics among VECs that are located in morphologically undistinguishable vascular plexus intra-embryonically. Using computational prediction and further lineage tracing of venous-featured VECs with a newly developed Nr2f2CrexER mouse model and a dual recombinase-mediated intersectional genetic approach, we revealed early and widespread arterialization from the capillaries with considerable venous characteristics. Altogether, our findings provide unprecedented and comprehensive details of endothelial heterogeneity and lineage relationships at early angiogenesis stages, and establish a new model regarding the arteriogenesis behaviors of early intra-embryonic vasculatures.
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16
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Li B, Tan S, Dong J, Lian X, Zhang Y, Ji X, Veeraraghavan A. Deep-3D microscope: 3D volumetric microscopy of thick scattering samples using a wide-field microscope and machine learning. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:284-299. [PMID: 35154871 PMCID: PMC8803017 DOI: 10.1364/boe.444488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Confocal microscopy is a standard approach for obtaining volumetric images of a sample with high axial and lateral resolution, especially when dealing with scattering samples. Unfortunately, a confocal microscope is quite expensive compared to traditional microscopes. In addition, the point scanning in confocal microscopy leads to slow imaging speed and photobleaching due to the high dose of laser energy. In this paper, we demonstrate how the advances in machine learning can be exploited to "teach" a traditional wide-field microscope, one that's available in every lab, into producing 3D volumetric images like a confocal microscope. The key idea is to obtain multiple images with different focus settings using a wide-field microscope and use a 3D generative adversarial network (GAN) based neural network to learn the mapping between the blurry low-contrast image stacks obtained using a wide-field microscope and the sharp, high-contrast image stacks obtained using a confocal microscope. After training the network with widefield-confocal stack pairs, the network can reliably and accurately reconstruct 3D volumetric images that rival confocal images in terms of its lateral resolution, z-sectioning and image contrast. Our experimental results demonstrate generalization ability to handle unseen data, stability in the reconstruction results, high spatial resolution even when imaging thick (∼40 microns) highly-scattering samples. We believe that such learning-based microscopes have the potential to bring confocal imaging quality to every lab that has a wide-field microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Department of Automation & BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Tan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Jiuyang Dong
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaocong Lian
- Department of Automation & BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbing Zhang
- Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangyang Ji
- Department of Automation & BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ashok Veeraraghavan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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17
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Li X, Yue Y, Zhang Y, Liao Y, Wang Q, Bian Y, Na J, He A. Continuous live imaging reveals a subtle pathological alteration with cell behaviors in congenital heart malformation. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 2:14-22. [PMID: 38933910 PMCID: PMC11197809 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To form fully functional four-chambered structure, mammalian heart development undergoes a transient finger-shaped trabeculae, crucial for efficient contraction and exchange for gas and nutrient. Although its developmental origin and direct relevance to congenital heart disease has been studied extensively, the time-resolved cellular mechanism underlying hypotrabeculation remains elusive. Here, we employed in toto live imaging and reconstructed the holistic cell lineages and cellular behavior landscape of control and hypotrabeculed hearts of mouse embryos from E9.5 for up to 24 h. Compared to control, hypotrabeculation in ErbB2 mutants arose mainly through dual mechanisms: both reduced proliferation of trabecular cardiomyocytes from early cell fate segregation and markedly impaired oriented cell division and migration. Further examination of mosaic mutant hearts confirmed alterations in cellular behaviors in a cell autonomous manner. Thus, our work offers a framework for continuous live imaging and digital cell lineage analysis to better understand subtle pathological alterations in congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanzhu Yue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Youdong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanhui Liao
- School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qianhao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunkun Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Na
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aibin He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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18
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Gunawan F, Priya R, Stainier DYR. Sculpting the heart: Cellular mechanisms shaping valves and trabeculae. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 73:26-34. [PMID: 34147705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of the heart from a simple tube to a complex organ requires the orchestration of several morphogenetic processes. Two structures critical for cardiac function, the cardiac valves and the trabecular network, are formed through extensive tissue morphogenesis-endocardial cell migration, deadhesion and differentiation into fibroblast-like cells during valve formation, and cardiomyocyte delamination and apico-basal depolarization during trabeculation. Here, we review current knowledge of how these specialized structures acquire their shape by focusing on the underlying cellular behaviors and molecular mechanisms, highlighting findings from in vivo models and briefly discussing the recent advances in cardiac cell culture and organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Gunawan
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Frankfurt, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Rashmi Priya
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Frankfurt, Giessen, Germany.
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19
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Huang X, Zhao K, Jiang M, Qiu D, Zhou J, Yang Z. The G4 resolvase RHAU regulates ventricular trabeculation and compaction through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101449. [PMID: 34838591 PMCID: PMC8689214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The G-quadruplex (G4) resolvase RNA helicase associated with AU-rich element (RHAU) possesses the ability to unwind G4 structures in both DNA and RNA molecules. Previously, we revealed that RHAU plays a critical role in embryonic heart development and postnatal heart function through modulating mRNA translation and stability. However, whether RHAU functions to resolve DNA G4 in the regulation of cardiac physiology is still elusive. Here, we identified a phenotype of noncompaction cardiomyopathy in cardiomyocyte-specific Rhau deletion mice, including such symptoms as spongiform cardiomyopathy, heart dilation, and death at young ages. We also observed reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation and advanced sarcomere maturation in Rhau mutant mice. Further studies demonstrated that RHAU regulates the expression levels of several genes associated with ventricular trabeculation and compaction, including the Nkx2-5 and Hey2 that encode cardiac transcription factors of NKX2-5 and Hey2, and the myosin heavy chain 7 (Myh7) whose protein product is MYH7. While RHAU modulates Nkx2-5 mRNA and Hey2 mRNA at the post-transcriptional level, we uncovered that RHAU facilitates the transcription of Myh7 through unwinding of the G4 structures in its promoter. These findings demonstrated that RHAU regulates ventricular chamber development through both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. These results contribute to a knowledge base that will help to understand the pathogenesis of diseases such as noncompaction cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dehui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
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20
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Wu X, Kong K, Xiao W, Liu F. Attractive internuclear force drives the collective behavior of nuclear arrays in Drosophila embryos. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009605. [PMID: 34797833 PMCID: PMC8641897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The collective behavior of the nuclear array in Drosophila embryos during nuclear cycle (NC) 11 to NC14 is crucial in controlling cell size, establishing developmental patterns, and coordinating morphogenesis. After live imaging on Drosophila embryos with light sheet microscopy, we extract the nuclear trajectory, speed, and internuclear distance with an automatic nuclear tracing method. We find that the nuclear speed shows a period of standing waves along the anterior-posterior (AP) axis after each metaphase as the nuclei collectively migrate towards the embryo poles and partially move back. And the maximum nuclear speed dampens by 28-45% in the second half of the standing wave. Moreover, the nuclear density is 22-42% lower in the pole region than the middle of the embryo during the interphase of NC12-14. To find mechanical rules controlling the collective motion and packing patterns of the nuclear array, we use a deep neural network (DNN) to learn the underlying force field from data. We apply the learned spatiotemporal attractive force field in the simulations with a particle-based model. And the simulations recapitulate nearly all the observed characteristic collective behaviors of nuclear arrays in Drosophila embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Wu
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kakit Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlei Xiao
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, School of Health Science & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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21
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Shewale B, Dubois N. Of form and function: Early cardiac morphogenesis across classical and emerging model systems. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:107-118. [PMID: 33994301 PMCID: PMC8434962 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The heart is the earliest organ to develop during embryogenesis and is remarkable in its ability to function efficiently as it is being sculpted. Cardiac heart defects account for a high burden of childhood developmental disorders with many remaining poorly understood mechanistically. Decades of work across a multitude of model organisms has informed our understanding of early cardiac differentiation and morphogenesis and has simultaneously opened new and unanswered questions. Here we have synthesized current knowledge in the field and reviewed recent developments in the realm of imaging, bioengineering and genetic technology and ex vivo cardiac modeling that may be deployed to generate more holistic models of early cardiac morphogenesis, and by extension, new platforms to study congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Shewale
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nicole Dubois
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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22
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Wolf S, Wan Y, McDole K. Current approaches to fate mapping and lineage tracing using image data. Development 2021; 148:dev198994. [PMID: 34498046 DOI: 10.1242/dev.198994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Visualizing, tracking and reconstructing cell lineages in developing embryos has been an ongoing effort for well over a century. Recent advances in light microscopy, labelling strategies and computational methods to analyse complex image datasets have enabled detailed investigations into the fates of cells. Combined with powerful new advances in genomics and single-cell transcriptomics, the field of developmental biology is able to describe the formation of the embryo like never before. In this Review, we discuss some of the different strategies and applications to lineage tracing in live-imaging data and outline software methodologies that can be applied to various cell-tracking challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Wolf
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Yinan Wan
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Katie McDole
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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23
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Efstathiou C, Draviam VM. Electrically tunable lenses - eliminating mechanical axial movements during high-speed 3D live imaging. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:271866. [PMID: 34409445 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful investigation of photosensitive and dynamic biological events, such as those in a proliferating tissue or a dividing cell, requires non-intervening high-speed imaging techniques. Electrically tunable lenses (ETLs) are liquid lenses possessing shape-changing capabilities that enable rapid axial shifts of the focal plane, in turn achieving acquisition speeds within the millisecond regime. These human-eye-inspired liquid lenses can enable fast focusing and have been applied in a variety of cell biology studies. Here, we review the history, opportunities and challenges underpinning the use of cost-effective high-speed ETLs. Although other, more expensive solutions for three-dimensional imaging in the millisecond regime are available, ETLs continue to be a powerful, yet inexpensive, contender for live-cell microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoforos Efstathiou
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Viji M Draviam
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
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24
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Kolesová H, Olejníčková V, Kvasilová A, Gregorovičová M, Sedmera D. Tissue clearing and imaging methods for cardiovascular development. iScience 2021; 24:102387. [PMID: 33981974 PMCID: PMC8086021 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue imaging in 3D using visible light is limited and various clearing techniques were developed to increase imaging depth, but none provides universal solution for all tissues at all developmental stages. In this review, we focus on different tissue clearing methods for 3D imaging of heart and vasculature, based on chemical composition (solvent-based, simple immersion, hyperhydration, and hydrogel embedding techniques). We discuss in detail compatibility of various tissue clearing techniques with visualization methods: fluorescence preservation, immunohistochemistry, nuclear staining, and fluorescent dyes vascular perfusion. We also discuss myocardium visualization using autofluorescence, tissue shrinking, and expansion. Then we overview imaging methods used to study cardiovascular system and live imaging. We discuss heart and vessels segmentation methods and image analysis. The review covers the whole process of cardiovascular system 3D imaging, starting from tissue clearing and its compatibility with various visualization methods to the types of imaging methods and resulting image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kolesová
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Olejníčková
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kvasilová
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Gregorovičová
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmera
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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Huang Q, Garrett A, Bose S, Blocker S, Rios AC, Clevers H, Shen X. The frontier of live tissue imaging across space and time. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:603-622. [PMID: 33798422 PMCID: PMC8034393 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
What you see is what you get-imaging techniques have long been essential for visualization and understanding of tissue development, homeostasis, and regeneration, which are driven by stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Advances in molecular and tissue modeling techniques in the last decade are providing new imaging modalities to explore tissue heterogeneity and plasticity. Here we describe current state-of-the-art imaging modalities for tissue research at multiple scales, with a focus on explaining key tradeoffs such as spatial resolution, penetration depth, capture time/frequency, and moieties. We explore emerging tissue modeling and molecular tools that improve resolution, specificity, and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004 Shaanxi, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Aliesha Garrett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shree Bose
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Stephanie Blocker
- Center for In Vitro Microscopy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Anne C Rios
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands; Department of Cancer Research, Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands; Department of Cancer Research, Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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26
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Abstract
The developing heart is formed of two tissue layers separated by an extracellular matrix (ECM) that provides chemical and physical signals to cardiac cells. While deposition of specific ECM components creates matrix diversity, the cardiac ECM is also dynamic, with modification and degradation playing important roles in ECM maturation and function. In this Review, we discuss the spatiotemporal changes in ECM composition during cardiac development that support distinct aspects of heart morphogenesis. We highlight conserved requirements for specific ECM components in human cardiac development, and discuss emerging evidence of a central role for the ECM in promoting heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily S Noël
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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27
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Seya D, Ihara D, Shirai M, Kawamura T, Watanabe Y, Nakagawa O. A role of Hey2 transcription factor for right ventricle development through regulation of Tbx2-Mycn pathway during cardiac morphogenesis. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:82-92. [PMID: 33410138 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Hey2 is expressed in the ventricular myocardium and endocardium of mouse embryos, and Hey2 null mice die perinatally showing ventricular septal defect, dysplastic tricuspid valve and hypoplastic right ventricle. In order to understand region-specific roles of Hey2 during cardiac morphogenesis, we generated Hey2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice using Mef2c-AHF-Cre, which was active in the anterior part of the second heart field and the right ventricle and outflow tract of the heart. Hey2 cKO neonates reproduced three anomalies commonly observed in Hey2 null mice. An earliest morphological defect was the lack of right ventricular extension along the apico-basal axis at midgestational stages. Underdevelopment of the right ventricle was present in all cKO neonates including those without apparent atresia of right-sided atrioventricular connection. RNA sequencing analysis of cKO embryos identified that the gene expression of a non-chamber T-box factor Tbx2 was ectopically induced in the chamber myocardium of the right ventricle. Consistently, mRNA expression of the Mycn transcription factor, which was a cell cycle regulator transcriptionally repressed by Tbx2, was down regulated, and the number of S-phase cells was significantly decreased in the right ventricle of cKO heart. These results suggest that Hey2 plays an important role in right ventricle development during cardiac morphogenesis, at least in part, through mitigating Tbx2-dependent inhibition of Mycn expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Seya
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Ihara
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Manabu Shirai
- Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Kawamura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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28
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Hansen AH, Hippenmeyer S. Non-Cell-Autonomous Mechanisms in Radial Projection Neuron Migration in the Developing Cerebral Cortex. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:574382. [PMID: 33102480 PMCID: PMC7545535 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.574382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Concerted radial migration of newly born cortical projection neurons, from their birthplace to their final target lamina, is a key step in the assembly of the cerebral cortex. The cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the specific sequential steps of radial neuronal migration in vivo are however still unclear, let alone the effects and interactions with the extracellular environment. In any in vivo context, cells will always be exposed to a complex extracellular environment consisting of (1) secreted factors acting as potential signaling cues, (2) the extracellular matrix, and (3) other cells providing cell–cell interaction through receptors and/or direct physical stimuli. Most studies so far have described and focused mainly on intrinsic cell-autonomous gene functions in neuronal migration but there is accumulating evidence that non-cell-autonomous-, local-, systemic-, and/or whole tissue-wide effects substantially contribute to the regulation of radial neuronal migration. These non-cell-autonomous effects may differentially affect cortical neuron migration in distinct cellular environments. However, the cellular and molecular natures of such non-cell-autonomous mechanisms are mostly unknown. Furthermore, physical forces due to collective migration and/or community effects (i.e., interactions with surrounding cells) may play important roles in neocortical projection neuron migration. In this concise review, we first outline distinct models of non-cell-autonomous interactions of cortical projection neurons along their radial migration trajectory during development. We then summarize experimental assays and platforms that can be utilized to visualize and potentially probe non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. Lastly, we define key questions to address in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi H Hansen
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Simon Hippenmeyer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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