1
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Kolek P, Andrzejak M, Uchacz T, Goclon J, Pogocki D, Kisała J, Bankiewicz B, Szlachcic P, Tulej M. LIF spectrum for the localised S 0 → S 1(ππ*) excitation in the H-bonded anthranilic acid dimer: Symmetry breaking or coupling of vibrations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 319:124491. [PMID: 38823243 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of the π → π* excitation localised in one monomer on the equilibrium geometry and oscillations of the AA dimer. Several low-frequency vibrations appear in pairs in the LIF spectrum because oscillations involving intermolecular hydrogen bonds are coupled, generating approximately symmetric and antisymmetric combinations (especially the COOH rocking modes, LIF: 295 and 301 cm-1). Furthermore, quantitative evaluation based on the TDDFT(B3LYP) results indicates that a dozen among 90 intramolecular oscillations are strongly coupled. In contrast, most vibrations are decoupled or weakly coupled, since they involve remote parts of the monomers. This makes several single vibrations active in the LIF spectrum (including the bending mode of the NH···O intramolecular hydrogen bond associated the strongest vibronic band 442 cm-1), while the other in each pair remains inactive. The reason for decoupling of oscillations and symmetry breaking is that the π → π* electronic excitation is entirely localised within one of the monomers, which makes them no longer equivalent in terms of geometry and dynamics. Additionally, the excitation of one monomer induces strengthening and shortening by 6 pm of only one intermolecular hydrogen bond linking the carboxylic groups of both molecules. This causes the 1.7° in-plane distortion of the dimer and lowering of its symmetry to Cs group (from C2h for the S0 state). The distortion induces the activity of two low-frequency in-plane intermolecular vibrations, i.e. the geared oscillation (LIF: 58 cm-1) and the shearing motion (99 cm-1) of the monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Kolek
- Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszów, 1 Pigonia Street, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Marcin Andrzejak
- K. Gumiński Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Uchacz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Goclon
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pogocki
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kisała
- Institute of Biology University of Rzeszow, 1 Pigonia Street, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Barbara Bankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Szlachcic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Balicka 122, PL-31-149 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Tulej
- Physics Institute, Space Research and Planetary Sciences, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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2
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O'Connor JP, Schultz JD, Tcyrulnikov NA, Kim T, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Distinct vibrational motions promote disparate excited-state decay pathways in cofacial perylenediimide dimers. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:074306. [PMID: 39145558 DOI: 10.1063/5.0218752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A complex interplay of structural, electronic, and vibrational degrees of freedom underpins the fate of molecular excited states. Organic assemblies exhibit a myriad of excited-state decay processes, such as symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS), excimer (EX) formation, singlet fission, and energy transfer. Recent studies of cofacial and slip-stacked perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI) multimers demonstrate that slight variations in core substituents and H- or J-type aggregation can determine whether the system follows an SB-CS pathway or an EX one. However, questions regarding the relative importance of structural properties and molecular vibrations in driving the excited-state dynamics remain. Here, we use a combination of two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy, and quantum chemistry computations to compare the photophysics of two PDI dimers. The dimer with 1,7-bis(pyrrolidin-1'-yl) substituents (5PDI2) undergoes ultrafast SB-CS from a photoexcited mixed state, while the dimer with bis-1,7-(3',5'-di-t-butylphenoxy) substituents (PPDI2) rapidly forms an EX state. Examination of their quantum beating features reveals that SB-CS in 5PDI2 is driven by the collective vibronic coupling of two or more excited-state vibrations. In contrast, we observe signatures of low-frequency vibrational coherence transfer during EX formation by PPDI2, which aligns with several previous studies. We conclude that key electronic and structural differences between 5PDI2 and PPDI2 determine their markedly different photophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Jonathan D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Nikolai A Tcyrulnikov
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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3
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Yang Y, Su W, Wang H, Bao X, Liu X, Bo Z, Zhang W. Promotion of Fast and Efficient Singlet Fission Process of PDI Dimers by Selenium Substitution. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:7219-7226. [PMID: 39007639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a triplet generation mechanism capable of turning a singlet exciton into two triplet excitons. It has the potential to enhance the power conversion efficiency of single-junction solar cells. Perylene diimides (PDIs) are a class of dye molecules with photovoltaic properties and are beginning to receive more and more attention due to their potential for SF. Here, we report a selenium-substituted PDI dimer, Se-PDI-II, and we studied its SF mechanism by using steady-state, transient absorption, and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Compared with the unsubstituted dimer PDI-II, we found that the introduction of selenium atoms can suppress excimer emission during the SF process, showing much higher SF efficiency and triplet yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenli Su
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hang Wang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaotian Bao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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4
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Williams ML, Coleman AF, Peinkofer KR, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Structure-enabled long-lived charge separation in single crystals of an asymmetric donor-acceptor perylenediimide cyclophane. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11472-11479. [PMID: 39055038 PMCID: PMC11268506 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03359k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of a covalently linked asymmetric cyclophane comprising a 1,7-di(pyrrolidin-1'-yl)perylene-3,4,9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (pyrPDI) and 1,6,7,12-tetra(4'-t-butylphenoxy)perylene-3,4,9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (tpPDI), which absorbs light from 400-750 nm. Single crystals of pyrPDI-tpPDI were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction and transient absorption microscopy. The crystal structure contains several types of intermolecular donor-acceptor interactions (pyrPDI-pyrPDI, tpPDI-tpPDI, and pyrPDI-tpPDI) in addition to the covalently installed intramolecular interaction. Following photoexcitation of the pyrPDI-tpPDI single crystal, the transient absorption data show that charge separation occurs in τ = 21 ps, which is about nine times faster than in toluene solution, while charge recombination occurs in τ > 2 μs, which is more than 400 times longer than in solution. The faster charge separation in the single crystals results from the intermolecular donor-acceptor pyrPDI-tpPDI interactions, while the greatly enhanced charge-separated state lifetime is a consequence of charge transport through the intermolecular π-stacks. These results demonstrate the utility of pre-organizing donor-acceptor structural motifs to elicit specific crystal morphologies that can lead to enhanced photogenerated charge carrier lifetimes for solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik L Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Adam F Coleman
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Kathryn R Peinkofer
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
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5
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Shi Y, Gong Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li X, Tan Z, Fan L. Axially Growing Carbon Quantum Ribbon with 2D Stacking Control for High-Stability Solar Cell. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400817. [PMID: 39031527 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Although power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells (SCs) continues to improve, they are still far from practical application because of their complex synthesis process, high cost and inferior operational stability. Carbon quantum dots with high material stability and remarkable photoluminescence are successfully used in light-emitting diodes. A good light emitter should also be an efficient SC according to the photon balance in Shockley-Quieisser formulation, in which all excitons are ultimately separated. However, the finite quantum-sized sp2 domain leads to tight exciton bonding, and highly delocalized electron clouds in irregular molecular stacks form disordered charge transfer, resulting in severe energy loss. Herein, an axially growing carbon quantum ribbon (AG-CQR) with a wide optical absorption range of 440-850 nm is reported. Structural and computational studies reveal that AG-CQRs (aspect ratio ≈2:1) with carbonyl groups at both ends regulate energy level and efficiently separate excitons. The stacking-controlled two-dimensional AG-CQR film further directionally transfers electrons and holes, particularly in AB stacking mode. Using this film as active layer alone, the SCs yield a maximum PCE of 1.22%, impressive long-term operational stability of 380 h, and repeatability. This study opens the door for the development of new-generation carbon-nanomaterial-based SCs for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yongshuai Gong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Department, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Institution, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yunchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Department, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Institution, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Louzhen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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6
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Teichmann B, Liu B, Hirsch M, Dubey RK, Würthner F. Sequential Synthesis and Secondary Structure Analysis of Two Classes of Perylene Bisimide Oligomers. Org Lett 2024; 26:5544-5548. [PMID: 38912957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
An iterative step-by-step synthetic approach is employed to form perylene bisimide (PBI) oligomers of defined sizes by connecting the PBI units through their imide positions via a benzyl linker. The versatility of this approach was showcased by its successful implementation on two different PBI building blocks to achieve two separate series of oligomers (up to the pentamer) with modulated conformations: one with an open random coil oligomer and one with an H-type foldamer architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Teichmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bin Liu
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Hirsch
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rajeev K Dubey
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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7
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Deng HH, Huang KY, Zhong Y, Li Y, Huang HX, Fang XY, Sun WM, Yao Q, Chen W, Xie J. Enzyme-activatable charge transfer in gold nanoclusters. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8922-8933. [PMID: 38873061 PMCID: PMC11168102 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01509f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Surface-protecting ligands, as a major component of metal nanoclusters (MNCs), can dominate molecular characteristics, performance behaviors, and biological properties of MNCs, which brings diversity and flexibility to the nanoclusters and largely promotes their applications in optics, electricity, magnetism, catalysis, biology, and other fields. We report herein the design of a new kind of water-soluble luminescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) for enzyme-activatable charge transfer (CT) based on the ligand engineering of AuNCs with 6-mercaptopurine ribonucleoside (MPR). This elaborately designed cluster, Au5(MPR)2, can form a stable intramolecular CT state after light excitation, and exhibits long-lived color-tunable phosphorescence. After the cleavage by purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), the CT triplet state can be easily directed to a low-lying energy level, leading to a bathochromic shift of the emission band accompanied by weaker and shorter-lived luminescence. Remarkably, these ligand-engineered AuNCs show high affinity towards PNP as well as decent performance for analyzing and visualizing enzyme activity and related drugs. The work of this paper provides a good example for diversifying physicochemical properties and application scenarios of MNCs by rational ligand engineering, which will facilitate future interest and new strategies to precisely engineer solution-based nanocluster materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Hua Deng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China
| | - Kai-Yuan Huang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China
| | - Ye Li
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China
| | - Hong-Xiang Huang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China
| | - Xiang-Yu Fang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China
| | - Wei-Ming Sun
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China
| | - Qiaofeng Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Wei Chen
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
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8
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Jaiswal VK, Aranda Ruiz D, Petropoulos V, Kabaciński P, Montorsi F, Uboldi L, Ugolini S, Mukamel S, Cerullo G, Garavelli M, Santoro F, Nenov A. Sub-100-fs energy transfer in coenzyme NADH is a coherent process assisted by a charge-transfer state. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4900. [PMID: 38851775 PMCID: PMC11162464 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48871-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Excitation energy transfer (EET) is a key photoinduced process in biological chromophoric assemblies. Here we investigate the factors which can drive EET into efficient ultrafast sub-ps regimes. We demonstrate how a coherent transport of electronic population could facilitate this in water solvated NADH coenzyme and uncover the role of an intermediate dark charge-transfer state. High temporal resolution ultrafast optical spectroscopy gives a 54±11 fs time constant for the EET process. Nonadiabatic quantum dynamical simulations computed through the time-evolution of multidimensional wavepackets suggest that the population transfer is mediated by photoexcited molecular vibrations due to strong coupling between the electronic states. The polar aqueous solvent environment leads to the active participation of a dark charge transfer state, accelerating the vibronically coherent EET process in favorably stacked conformers and solvent cavities. Our work demonstrates how the interplay of structural and environmental factors leads to diverse pathways for the EET process in flexible heterodimers and provides general insights relevant for coherent EET processes in stacked multichromophoric aggregates like DNA strands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar Jaiswal
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniel Aranda Ruiz
- ICMol, Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Vasilis Petropoulos
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Piotr Kabaciński
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Uboldi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Ugolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR), Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Artur Nenov
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
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9
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Mazumder A, Vinod K, Maret PD, Das PP, Hariharan M. Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation Mediated Triplet Population in a Perylenediimide Trimer at the Single-Molecule Level. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5896-5904. [PMID: 38805687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate triplet excited-state population in a conformationally rigid perylenediimide trimer (PDI-T) via intramolecular symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) at the single-molecule level. The single-molecule fluorescence intensity trajectories of PDI-T in nonpolar polystyrene matrix (ε = 2.60) exhibit prolonged fluorescence with infrequent dark states, representing the triplet and/or the charge transfer states. In contrast, in a poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix (ε = 7.80), erratic blinking dynamics resulting in low photon counts were observed, corroborating the feasibility of charge separation in a polar environment. In agreement with the single-molecule measurements, transient absorption spectroscopy of PDI-T reveals ultrafast SB-CS (τCS < 5 ps) in polar tetrahydrofuran (ε = 7.58) and acetone (ε = 20.70), with the population of the triplet excited-state through charge recombination. The current investigation shows the utility of rigid and weakly coupled molecular constructs in controlling triplet generation and SB-CS for potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Mazumder
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Kavya Vinod
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Philip Daniel Maret
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Pallavi Panthakkal Das
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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10
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Gorman J, Hart SM, John T, Castellanos MA, Harris D, Parsons MF, Banal JL, Willard AP, Schlau-Cohen GS, Bathe M. Sculpting photoproducts with DNA origami. Chem 2024; 10:1553-1575. [PMID: 38827435 PMCID: PMC11138899 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Natural light-harvesting systems spatially organize densely packed dyes in different configurations to either transport excitons or convert them into charge photoproducts, with high efficiency. In contrast, artificial photosystems like organic solar cells and light-emitting diodes lack this fine structural control, limiting their efficiency. Thus, biomimetic multi-dye systems are needed to organize dyes with the sub-nanometer spatial control required to sculpt resulting photoproducts. Here, we synthesize 11 distinct perylene diimide (PDI) dimers integrated into DNA origami nanostructures and identify dimer architectures that offer discrete control over exciton transport versus charge separation. The large structural-space and site-tunability of origami uniquely provides controlled PDI dimer packing to form distinct excimer photoproducts, which are sensitive to interdye configurations. In the future, this platform enables large-scale programmed assembly of dyes mimicking natural systems to sculpt distinct photophysical products needed for a broad range of optoelectronic devices, including solar energy converters and quantum information processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Gorman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Stephanie M. Hart
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Torsten John
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maria A. Castellanos
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dvir Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Molly F. Parsons
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James L. Banal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Adam P. Willard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Lead contact
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11
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Roy R, Chawla S, Sharma V, Pal AK, Silori Y, Datta A, De AK, Koner AL. Ultrafast symmetry-breaking charge separation in Perylenemonoimide-embedded multichromophores: impact of regioisomerism. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6363-6377. [PMID: 38699268 PMCID: PMC11062123 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05325c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) has recently evolved as an emerging concept offering its potential to the latest generation of organic photovoltaics. However there are several concerns that need to be addressed to reach the state-of-the-art in SB-CS chemistry, for instance, the desirable molecular geometry, interchromophoric distance and extent of electronic coupling. To shed light on those features, it is reported herein, that ortho-functionalized perylene monoimide (PMI) constituted regioisomeric dimer and trimer derivatives with varied molecular twisting and electronic conjugation have been synthesized. In steady-state photophysical studies, all the dimers and trimer derivatives exhibit a larger bathochromic shift in the emission spectra and a significant reduction of fluorescence quantum yield in polar DMF. Among the series of multichromophores, ortho- and self-coupled dimers display the strikingly different optical feature of SB-CS with a very fast charge separation rate (τCS = 80.2 ps) upon photoexcitation in DMF, which is unveiled by femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) studies. The SB-CS for two dimers is well-supported by the formation of PMI˙+ and PMI˙- bands in the fs-TA spectra. Further analysis of fs-TA data revealed that, among the other multichromophores the trimer also exhibits a clear charge separation, whereas SB-CS signatures are less prominent, but can not be completely disregarded, for the meta- and para-dimers. Additionally, the charge separation dynamics of those above-mentioned PMI derivatives are devoid of a kinetically favorable excimer or triplet formation. The evidence of a profound charge transfer phenomenon in the ortho-dimer is characterized by density functional theory (DFT) calculations on excited state electronic structures. The excitonic communications in the excited state electronic arrangements unravel the key role of dihedral twisting in SB-CS. The thermodynamic feasibility of CS (ΔGCS) and activation barrier (ΔG≠) of the derivatives in DMF are established from the Rehm-Weller equation and Marcus's theory, respectively. This work is an in-depth study of the effect of mutual orientation of PMIs and regioisomerism in determining sustainable guidelines for using SB-CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Roy
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Sakshi Chawla
- Condensed Phase Dynamics Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar Punjab 140 306 India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Arun K Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - Yogita Silori
- Condensed Phase Dynamics Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar Punjab 140 306 India
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - Arijit K De
- Condensed Phase Dynamics Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar Punjab 140 306 India
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
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12
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Wang K, Xu Y, Xie X, Ma H. Theoretical investigation of distal charge separation in a perylenediimide trimer. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:164303. [PMID: 38647303 DOI: 10.1063/5.0205671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
An exciton-phonon (ex-ph) model based on our recently developed block interaction product basis framework is introduced to simulate the distal charge separation (CS) process in aggregated perylenediimide (PDI) trimer incorporating the quantum dynamic method, i.e., the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group. The electronic Hamiltonian in the ex-ph model is represented by nine constructed diabatic states, which include three local excited (LE) states and six charge transfer (CT) states from both the neighboring and distal chromophores. These diabatic states are automatically generated from the direct products of the leading localized neutral or ionic states of each chromophore's reduced density matrix, which are obtained from ab initio quantum chemical calculation of the subsystem consisting of the targeted chromophore and its nearest neighbors, thus considering the interaction of the adjacent environment. In order to quantum-dynamically simulate the distal CS process with massive coupled vibrational modes in molecular aggregates, we used our recently proposed hierarchical mapping approach to renormalize these modes and truncate those vibrational modes that are not effectively coupled with electronic states accordingly. The simulation result demonstrates that the formation of the distal CS process undergoes an intermediate state of adjacent CT, i.e., starts from the LE states, passes through an adjacent CT state to generate the intermediates (∼200 fs), and then formalizes the targeted distal CS via further charge transference (∼1 ps). This finding agrees well with the results observed in the experiment, indicating that our scheme is capable of quantitatively investigating the CS process in a realistic aggregated PDI trimer and can also be potentially applied to exploring CS and other photoinduced processes in larger systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yihe Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Haibo Ma
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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13
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Petropoulos V, Rukin PS, Quintela F, Russo M, Moretti L, Moore A, Moore T, Gust D, Prezzi D, Scholes GD, Molinari E, Cerullo G, Troiani F, Rozzi CA, Maiuri M. Vibronic Coupling Drives the Ultrafast Internal Conversion in a Functionalized Free-Base Porphyrin. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4461-4467. [PMID: 38630018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Internal conversion (IC) is a common radiationless transition in polyatomic molecules. Theory predicts that molecular vibrations assist IC between excited states, and ultrafast experiments can provide insight into their structure-function relationship. Here we elucidate the dynamics of the vibrational modes driving the IC process within the Q band of a functionalized porphyrin molecule. Through a combination of ultrafast multidimensional spectroscopies and theoretical modeling, we observe a 60 fs Qy-Qx IC and demonstrate that it is driven by the interplay among multiple high-frequency modes. Notably, we identify 1510 cm-1 as the leading tuning mode that brings the porphyrin to an optimal geometry for energy surface crossing. By employing coherent wave packet analysis, we highlight a set of short-lived vibrations (1200-1400 cm-1), promoting the IC within ≈60 fs. Furthermore, we identify one coupling mode (1350 cm-1) that is responsible for vibronic mixing within the Q states. Our findings indicate that porphyrin-core functionalization modulates IC effectively, offering new opportunities in photocatalysis and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Petropoulos
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Pavel S Rukin
- CNR - Istituto Nanoscienze, Via Campi 213A, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Frank Quintela
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 213A, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Mattia Russo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Moretti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ana Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Thomas Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Devens Gust
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Deborah Prezzi
- CNR - Istituto Nanoscienze, Via Campi 213A, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Elisa Molinari
- CNR - Istituto Nanoscienze, Via Campi 213A, I-41125 Modena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 213A, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Filippo Troiani
- CNR - Istituto Nanoscienze, Via Campi 213A, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo A Rozzi
- CNR - Istituto Nanoscienze, Via Campi 213A, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Margherita Maiuri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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14
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Kang S, Choi W, Ahn J, Kim T, Oh JH, Kim D. Impact of Packing Geometry on Excimer Characteristics and Mobility in Perylene Bisimide Polycrystalline Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18134-18143. [PMID: 38554079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Efficient exciton transport is essential for high-performance optoelectronics. Considerable efforts have been focused on improving the exciton mobility in organic materials. While it is feasible to improve mobility in organic systems by forming well-ordered stacks, the formation of trap states, particularly the lower-lying states referred to as excimers, remains a significant challenge to enhancing mobility. The mobility of excimer excitons intricately depends on the strength of excitonic coupling in terms of Förster-type diffusive exciton transfer processes. Given that the formation and mobility of excimer excitons are highly sensitive to molecular arrangements (packing geometries), conducting comprehensive investigations into the structure-property relationship in organic systems is crucial. In this study, we prepared three types of polycrystalline films of perylene bisimide (PBI) by varying substituents at the imide and bay positions, which allowed us to tailor the properties of excimer excitons and their mobility based on packing geometries and excitonic coupling strengths. By utilizing femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, we observed ultrafast excimer formation in the higher coupling regime, while in the lower coupling regime, the transition from Frenkel to excimer excitons occurs with a time constant of 500 fs. Under high pump-fluence, exciton-exciton annihilation processes occur, indicating the diffusion of excimer excitons. Intriguingly, employing a three-dimensional diffusion model, we derived a diffusion constant that is 3000 times greater in the high coupling regime than in the low coupling regime. To investigate the optoelectronic properties in the form of a bulk system, we fabricated n-type organic field effect transistors and obtained 8000 times higher mobility in the high coupling regime. Furthermore, photocurrent measurements enable us to investigate the charge carrier transport by mobile excimer excitons, suggesting a 230-fold improvement in external quantum efficiency with tightly packing PBI molecules compared to the low coupling regime. These findings not only offer valuable insights into optimizing organic materials for optoelectronic devices but also unveil the intriguing potential of exciton migration within excimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongsoo Kang
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonbin Choi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Ahn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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15
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Käfer S, Niemeyer N, Tölle J, Neugebauer J. Triplet Excitation-Energy Transfer Couplings from Subsystem Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:2475-2490. [PMID: 38450637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
We present an implementation of triplet excitation-energy transfer (TEET) couplings based on subsystem-based time-dependent density-functional theory (sTDDFT). TEET couplings are systematically investigated by comparing "exact" and approximate variants of sTDDFT. We demonstrate that, while sTDDFT utilizing explicit approximate non-additive kinetic energy (NAKE) density functionals is well-suited for describing singlet EET processes, it is inadequate for characterizing TEET. However, we show that projection-based embedding (PbE)-based sTDDFT addresses the challenges faced by NAKE-sTDDFT and emerges as a promising method for accurately describing electronic couplings in TEET processes. We also introduce the mixed PbE-/NAKE-embedding procedure to investigate the TEET effects in solvated pairs of chromophores. This approach offers a good balance between accuracy and efficiency, enabling comprehensive studies of TEET processes in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Käfer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Niklas Niemeyer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Johannes Tölle
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
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16
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Bo Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Reva Y, Xie L, Guldi DM. Tuning the Absorption, Fluorescence, Intramolecular Charge Transfer, and Intersystem Crossing in Spiro[fluorene]acridinone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313936. [PMID: 38314965 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we prepared a series of electron donor-acceptor systems based on spiro[fluorene-9,7'-dibenzo[c,h]acridine]-5'-one (SFDBAO). Our SFDBAOs consist of orthogonally positioned fluorenes and aromatic ketones. By fine-tuning the substitution of electron-donating pyrenes, the complex interplay among different excited-state decay channels and the overall impact of solvents on these decay channels were uncovered. Placing pyrene, for example, at the aromatic ketones resulted in a profound solvatochromism in the form of a bright charge-transfer (CT) emission spanning from yellow to red-NIR. In contrast, a dark non-emissive CT was noted upon pyrene substitution at the fluorenes. In apolar solvents, efficient triplet-excited state generation was observed for all SFDBAOs. Either charge transfer was concluded to mediate the intersystem crossing (ISC) in the case of pyrene substitution or the El-Sayed rule was applicable when lacking pyrene substitution as in the case of SFABAO. In polar solvents, charge separation is the sole decay upon pyrene substitution. Moreover, competition between ISC and CT lowered the triplet-excited state generation in SFDBAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Bo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy &, Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - He Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Wenyuan Road 9, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Jiulong Road 111, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Wenyuan Road 9, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yana Reva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy &, Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Wenyuan Road 9, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE), Henan Institute of Flexible Electronics (HIFE), Henan University, Mingli Road 379, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy &, Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Fang L, Huang R, Gong W, Ji Y, Sun Y, Gou S, Zhao J. A Self-Assembly-Induced Exciton Delocalization Strategy for Converting a Perylene Diimide Derivative from a Type-II to Type-I Photosensitizer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307414. [PMID: 37940626 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Type-I photosensitizers have shown advantages in addressing the shortcomings of traditional oxygen-dependent type-II photosensitizers for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of hypoxic tumors. However, developing type-I photosensitizers is yet a huge challenge because the type-II energy transfer process is much faster than the type-I electron transfer process. Herein, from the fundamental point of view, an effective approach is proposed to improve the electron transfer efficiency of the photosensitizer by lowering the internal reorganization energy and exciton binding energy via self-assembly-induced exciton delocalization. An example proof is presented by the design of a perylene diimide (PDI)-based photosensitizer (PDIMp) that can generate singlet oxygen (1O2) via a type-II energy transfer process in the monomeric state, but induce the generation of superoxide anion (O2˙-) via a type-I electron transfer process in the aggregated state. Significantly, with the addition ofcucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]), the self-assembled PDIMp can convert back to the monomeric state via host-guest complexation and consequently recover the generation of 1O2. The biological evaluations reveal that supramolecular nanoparticles (PDIMp-NPs) derived from PDIMp show superior phototherapeutic performance via synergistic type-I PDT and mild photothermal therapy (PTT) against cancer under either normoxia or hypoxia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Wenqi Gong
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yuanhui Ji
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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18
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Mahmood Z, Cai S, Rehmat N, Di Donato M, Zhao J, Sun S, Li M, Huo Y, Ji S. Red-light operable photosensitizer with symmetry-breaking charge transfer induced intersystem crossing for polymerization of methyl methacrylate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2385-2388. [PMID: 38321968 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
We present a red light-activated zincII bis(dipyrrin) symmetry breaking charge transfer (SBCT) architecture, showing a large molar absorption coefficient (ε = 15.4 × 104 M-1 cm-1), high reactive singlet oxygen generation efficiency (ΦΔ ≈ 0.8) and long-lived triplet state (τT = 150 μs) compared to the donor-acceptor analogue dipyrrin-BF2 complex, highlighting the superiority of the SBCT approach. For the first time, we demonstrated the potential of a SBCT scaffold in red-light-induced methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization, using a dual photocatalyst excitation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Mahmood
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Shuqing Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Noreen Rehmat
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), Via N. Carrara1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China.
| | - Mingde Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China.
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Shaomin Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
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19
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Liu ZF, Ye XY, Chen L, Niu LY, Jin WJ, Zhang S, Yang QZ. Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking of Achiral Molecules Leading to the Formation of Homochiral Superstructures that Exhibit Mechanoluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318856. [PMID: 38169084 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Chirality, with its intrinsic symmetry-breaking feature, is frequently utilized in the creation of acentric crystalline functional materials that exhibit intriguing optoelectronic properties. On the other hand, the development of chiral crystals from achiral molecules offers a solution that bypasses the need for enantiopure motifs, presenting a promising alternative and thereby expanding the possibilities of the self-assembly toolkit. Nevertheless, the rational design of achiral molecules that prefer spontaneous symmetry breaking during crystallization has so far been obscure. In this study, we present a series of six achiral molecules, demonstrating that when these conformationally flexible molecules adopt a cis-conformation and engage in multiple non-covalent interactions along a helical path, they collectively self-assemble into chiral superstructures consisting of single-handed supramolecular columns. When these homochiral supramolecular columns align in parallel, they form polar crystals that exhibit intense luminescence upon grinding or scraping. We therefore demonstrate our molecular design strategy could significantly increase the likelihood of symmetry breaking in achiral molecular synthons during self-assembly, offering a facile access to novel chiral crystalline materials with unique optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ya Niu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Shaodong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Zheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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20
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Kim J, Lee HS, Kim CH. Observation of Coherent Symmetry-Breaking Vibration by Polarization-Dependent Femtosecond Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1053-1060. [PMID: 38253009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Understanding photoinduced chemical reactions beyond the Born-Oppenheimer paradigm requires a comprehensive examination of vibronic interactions. Although femtosecond studies have unveiled the influence of vibrational modes strongly coupled to ultrafast intramolecular reactions in the excited state, they often lack direct observations of how vibrations modulate electronic properties due to the rapid disappearance of reactants. To address this gap, our research investigates the dynamics of photoexcited molecules that do not react. Specifically, we focus on the coherent librational motion of molecular transition dipole moments, discovering that the coherent libration primarily originates from symmetry-breaking components in vibronically excited vibrational modes. Symmetry breaking motion can significantly impact the excited-state dynamics of highly symmetric molecules, potentially leading to nonadiabatic transitions. In essence, the data analysis framework introduced in this study can be harnessed to uncover potential reactivity in photoexcited molecules, further enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms governing these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunWoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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21
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Reiker T, Liu Z, Winter C, Cappellari MV, Abradelo DG, Strassert CA, Zhang D, Zacharias H. Ultrafast electron dynamics in excited states of conjugated thiophene-fluorene organic polymer (pF8T2) thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4736-4751. [PMID: 38251969 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00502j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The electronic states of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-alt-bithiophene) pF8T2 on H/Si(100) substrates, prototypical for organic photovoltaics, were investigated by ultrafast photoelectron spectroscopy and by time-resolved fluorescence studies. Occupied and unoccupied electronic states were analysed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), static and dynamic femtosecond two-photon photoemission (2PPE), and time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC). Time-resolved measurements allow assessment of population lifetimes of intermediate states. The combination of time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and fluorescence excitation allows following the electronic dynamics in excited states from the femtosecond to the nanosecond time scale. For this prototypical material the electron kinetic energy resolved lifetimes range from about a few tens of femtoseconds up to hundreds of picoseconds. After annealing these types of organic thin films the efficiency of organic solar cells usually increases. We show that annealing does not influence the initial ultrafast charge generation processes, but the long-lived states. However, the nanosecond scale fluorescence lifetimes measured by TCSPC are prolonged after annealing, which therefore is identified as the cause of a greater exciton diffusion range and thus is beneficial for charge carrier extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Reiker
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
- Physics Institute, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Z Liu
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - C Winter
- Physics Institute, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M V Cappellari
- Center for Nanotechnology and Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Gonzalez Abradelo
- Center for Nanotechnology and Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - C A Strassert
- Center for Nanotechnology and Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Zhang
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - H Zacharias
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
- Physics Institute, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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22
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Zhang HJ, Wei Y, Lin J. Frustrated π-stacking. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:935-942. [PMID: 38165791 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04123a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The properties of functional materials based on organic π-conjugated systems are governed extensively by intermolecular interactions between π-molecules. To establish clear relationships between supramolecular structures and functional properties, it is essential to attain structurally well-defined π-stacks, particularly in solution, as this enables the collection of valuable spectroscopic data. However, precise control and fine-tuning of π-stacks pose significant challenges due to the weak and bidirectional nature of π-π stacking interactions. This article introduces the concept of "frustrated π-stacking," strategically balancing attractive (π-π interaction) and repulsive (steric hindrance) forces in self-assembly to exert control over the sizes, sequences of π-stacks, and slip-stacked structures. These research efforts contribute to a deeper understanding of the correlation between π-stacks and their properties, thereby providing useful insights for the development of molecular materials with the desired performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Yifei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Jianbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
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23
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Lin C, O'Connor JP, Phelan BT, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Ultrafast Charge Transfer Dynamics in a Slip-Stacked Donor-Acceptor-Acceptor System. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:244-250. [PMID: 38153126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Photoexcitation of molecular electron donor and/or acceptor chromophore aggregates can greatly affect their charge-transfer dynamics. Excitonic coupling not only alters the energy landscape in the excited state but may also open new photophysical pathways, such as symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS). Here, we investigate the impact of excitonic coupling on a covalent donor-acceptor-acceptor system comprising a perylene donor (Per) and two perylenediimide (PDI) acceptor chromophores in which the three components are π-stacked in a geometry that is slipped along their long axes (Per-PDI2). Following selective photoexcitation of PDI, femtosecond transient absorption data for Per-PDI2 is compared to that for the single-donor, single-acceptor Per-PDI system, and the PDI2 dimer, which both have the same interchromophore geometry as Per-PDI2. The data show that electron transfer from Per to the lower exciton state of the PDI dimer is slower than that of the single PDI acceptor system. This is due to the lower free energy of the reaction for charge separation because of the electronic stabilization afforded by the excitonic coupling between the PDIs. While PDI2 was shown previously to undergo ultrafast SB-CS, the strong π-π electronic interaction of Per with the adjacent PDI in Per-PDI2 breaks the electronic symmetry of the PDI dimer, resulting in the oxidation of Per rather than SB-CS. These results show that the electronic coupling between molecules designed to accept charges produced by SB-CS in molecular dimers and the chromophores comprising the dimer must be balanced to favor SB-CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjian Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - James P O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Brian T Phelan
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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24
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Bradley JM, Coleman AF, Brown PJ, Huang Y, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Harvesting electrons and holes from photodriven symmetry-breaking charge separation within a perylenediimide photosynthetic model dimer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2313575120. [PMID: 37983509 PMCID: PMC10691211 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313575120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how to utilize symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) offers a path toward increasingly efficient light-harvesting technologies. This process plays a central role in the first step of photosynthesis, in which the dimeric "special pair" of the photosynthetic reaction center enters a coherent SB-CS state after photoexcitation. Previous research on SB-CS in both biological and synthetic chromophore dimers has focused on increasing the efficiency of light-driven processes. In a chromophore dimer undergoing SB-CS, the energy of the radical ion pair product is nearly isoenergetic with that of the lowest excited singlet (S1) state of the dimer. This means that very little energy is lost from the absorbed photon. In principle, the relatively high energy electron and hole generated by SB-CS within the chromophore dimer can each be transferred to adjacent charge acceptors to extend the lifetime of the electron-hole pair, which can increase the efficiency of solar energy conversion. To investigate this possibility, we have designed a bis-perylenediimide cyclophane (mPDI2) covalently linked to a secondary electron donor, peri-xanthenoxanthene (PXX) and a secondary electron acceptor, partially fluorinated naphthalenediimide (FNDI). Upon selective photoexcitation of mPDI2, transient absorption spectroscopy shows that mPDI2 undergoes SB-CS, followed by two secondary charge transfer reactions to generate a PXX•+-mPDI2-FNDI•- radical ion pair having a nearly 3 µs lifetime. This strategy has the potential to increase the efficiency of molecular systems for artificial photosynthesis and photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M. Bradley
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208-3113
- Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208-3113
| | - Adam F. Coleman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208-3113
- Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208-3113
| | - Paige J. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208-3113
- Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208-3113
| | - Yuheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208-3113
- Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208-3113
| | - Ryan M. Young
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208-3113
- Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208-3113
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208-3113
- Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208-3113
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25
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Gobbato T, Volpato GA, Sartorel A, Bonchio M. A breath of sunshine: oxygenic photosynthesis by functional molecular architectures. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12402-12429. [PMID: 38020375 PMCID: PMC10646967 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03780k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The conversion of light into chemical energy is the game-changer enabling technology for the energetic transition to renewable and clean solar fuels. The photochemistry of interest includes the overall reductive/oxidative splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen and alternatives based on the reductive conversion of carbon dioxide or nitrogen, as primary sources of energy-rich products. Devices capable of performing such transformations are based on the integration of three sequential core functions: light absorption, photo-induced charge separation, and the photo-activated breaking/making of molecular bonds via specific catalytic routes. The key to success does not rely simply on the individual components' performance, but on their optimized integration in terms of type, number, geometry, spacing, and linkers dictating the photosynthetic architecture. Natural photosynthesis has evolved along this concept, by integrating each functional component in one specialized "body" (from the Greek word "soma") to enable the conversion of light quanta with high efficiency. Therefore, the natural "quantasome" represents the key paradigm to inspire man-made constructs for artificial photosynthesis. The case study presented in this perspective article deals with the design of artificial photosynthetic systems for water oxidation and oxygen production, engineered as molecular architectures then rendered on electrodic surfaces. Water oxidation to oxygen is indeed the pervasive oxidative reaction used by photosynthetic organisms, as the source of reducing equivalents (electrons and protons) to be delivered for the processing of high-energy products. Considering the vast and abundant supply of water (including seawater) as a renewable source on our planet, this is also a very appealing option for photosynthetic energy devices. We will showcase the progress in the last 15 years (2009-2023) in the strategies for integrating functional building blocks as molecular photosensitizers, multi-redox water oxidation catalysts and semiconductor materials, highlighting how additional components such as redox mediators, hydrophilic/hydrophobic pendants, and protective layers can impact on the overall photosynthetic performance. Emerging directions consider the modular tuning of the multi-component device, in order to target a diversity of photocatalytic oxidations, expanding the scope of the primary electron and proton sources while enhancing the added-value of the oxidation product beyond oxygen: the selective photooxidation of organics combines the green chemistry vision with renewable energy schemes and is expected to explode in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gobbato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Giulia Alice Volpato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
- ITM-CNR Section of Padova, INSTM Unit of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
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26
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Zhao X, He S, Wang J, Ding J, Zong S, Li G, Sun W, Du J, Fan J, Peng X. Near-Infrared Self-Assembled Hydroxyl Radical Generator Based on Photoinduced Cascade Electron Transfer for Hypoxic Tumor Phototherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305163. [PMID: 37545041 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical (•OH) is an extremely potent reactive oxygen species that plays a crucial role in photooxidations within the realm of hypoxic tumor therapy. However, the current methods for •OH photogeneration typically rely on inorganic materials that require UV/vis light excitation. Consequently, photogenerators based on organic molecules, especially those utilizing near-infrared (NIR) light excitation, are rare. In this study, the concept of photoinduced cascade charge transfer (PICET), which utilizes NIR heavy-atom-free photosensitizers (ANOR-Cy5) to generate •OH is introduced. The ANOR-Cy5 photosensitizer, with its flexible hydrophobic structure, enables the formation of nanoparticles in aqueous solutions through molecular assembly. PICET involves a symmetry-breaking charge separation-induced localized charge-separated state, transitioning to a delocalized charge-separated state, which governs the efficiency of •OH generation. Thanks to the oxygen-independent nature of •OH generation and its robust oxidative properties, the ANOR-Cy5-based photosensitizer demonstrates highly effective photoinduced anti-cancer effects, even under severely hypoxic conditions. This discovery emphasizes the potential for achieving •OH photogeneration using a single organic molecule through the engineering of molecular self-assembly, thereby opening up new possibilities for phototherapy and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Shan He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Junying Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Shenglin Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Guohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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27
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Lijina MP, Benny A, Sebastian E, Hariharan M. Keeping the chromophores crossed: evidence for null exciton splitting. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6664-6679. [PMID: 37606527 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00176h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental understanding of the supramolecular assemblies of organic chromophores and the development of design strategies have seen endless ripples of interest owing to their exciting photophysical properties and optoelectronic applications. The independent discovery of dye aggregates by Jelley and Scheibe was the commencement of the remarkable advancement in the field of aggregate photophysics. Subsequent research warranted an exceptional model for defining the exciton interactions in aggregates, proposed by Davydov, Kasha and co-workers, independently, based on the long-range Coulombic coupling. Fascinatingly, the orthogonally cross-stacked molecular transition dipole arrangement was foretold by Kasha to possess null exciton interaction leading to spectroscopically uncoupled molecular assembly, which lacked an experimental signature for decades. There have been several attempts to identify and probe atypical molecular aggregates for decoding their optical behaviour. Herein, we discuss the recent efforts in experimentally verifying the unusual exciton interactions supported with quantum chemical computations, primarily focusing on the less explored null exciton splitting. Exciton engineering can be realized through synthetic modifications that can additionally offer control over the assorted non-covalent interactions for orchestrating precise supramolecular assembly, along with molecular editing. The task of attaining a minimal excitonic coupling through an orthogonally cross-stacked crystalline architecture envisaged to offer a monomer-like optical behaviour was first reported in 1,7-dibromoperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic tetrabutylester (PTE-Br2). The attempt to stitch molecules covalently in an orthogonal fashion to possess null excitonic character culminated in a spiro-conjugated perylenediimide dimer exhibiting a monomer-like spectroscopic signature. The computational and experimental efforts to map the emergent properties of the cross-stacked architecture are also discussed here. Using the null aggregates formed by the interference effects between CT-mediated and Coulombic couplings in the molecular array is another strategy for achieving monomer-like spectroscopic properties in molecular assemblies. Moreover, identifying supramolecular assemblies with precise angle-dependent properties can have implications in functional material design, and this review can provide insights into the uncharted realm of null exciton splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Lijina
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
| | - Alfy Benny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
| | - Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
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28
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Maret PD, Sasikumar D, Sebastian E, Hariharan M. Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation in a Chiral Bis(perylenediimide) Probed at Ensemble and Single-Molecule Levels. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8667-8675. [PMID: 37733055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Chiral molecular assemblies exhibiting symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) are potential candidates for the development of chiral organic semiconductors. Herein, we explore the excited-state dynamics of a helically chiral perylenediimide bichromophore (Cy-PDI2) exhibiting SB-CS at the ensemble and single-molecule levels. Solvent polarity-tunable interchromophoric excitonic coupling in chiral Cy-PDI2 facilitates the interplay of SB-CS and excimer formation in the ensemble domain. Analogous to the excited-state dynamics of Cy-PDI2 at the ensemble level, single-molecule fluorescence lifetime traces of Cy-PDI2 depicted long-lived off-states characteristic of the radical ion pair-mediated dark states. The discrete electron transfer and charge separation dynamics in Cy-PDI2 at the single-molecule level are governed by the distinct influence of the local environment. The present study aims at understanding the fundamental excited-state dynamics in chiral organic bichromophores for designing efficient chiral organic semiconductors and applications toward charge transport materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Daniel Maret
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Devika Sasikumar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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29
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Zhang M, Johnson CE, Ilic A, Schwarz J, Johansson MB, Lomoth R. High-Efficiency Photoinduced Charge Separation in Fe(III)carbene Thin Films. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19171-19176. [PMID: 37616472 PMCID: PMC10485928 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Symmetry-breaking charge separation in molecular materials has attracted increasing attention for optoelectronics based on single-material active layers. To this end, Fe(III) complexes with particularly electron-donating N-heterocyclic carbene ligands offer interesting properties with a 2LMCT excited state capable of oxidizing or reducing the complex in its ground state. In this Communication, we show that the corresponding symmetry-breaking charge separation occurs in amorphous films of pristine [Fe(III)L2]PF6 (L = [phenyl(tris(3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene))borate]-). Excitation of the solid material with visible light leads to ultrafast electron transfer quenching of the 2LMCT excited state, generating Fe(II) and Fe(IV) products with high efficiency. Sub-picosecond charge separation followed by recombination in about 1 ns could be monitored by transient absorption spectroscopy. Photoconductivity measurements of films deposited on microelectrode arrays demonstrated that photogenerated charge carriers can be collected at external contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minli Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Catherine E. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Ilic
- Center
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jesper Schwarz
- Center
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin B. Johansson
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Reiner Lomoth
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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Bo Y, Hou P, Wan J, Cao H, Liu Y, Xie L, Guldi DM. One-Pot Synthesis and Excited-State Dynamics of Null Exciton-Coupled Diketopyrrolopyrroles Oligo-Grids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302664. [PMID: 37289569 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exciton coupling in molecular aggregates plays a vital role in impacting and fine-tuning optoelectronic materials and their efficiencies in devices. A versatile platform to decipher aggregation-property relationships is built around multichromophoric architectures. Here, a series of cyclic diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) oligomers featuring nanoscale gridarene structures and rigid bifluorenyl spacers are designed and synthesized via one-pot Friedel-Crafts reaction. DPP dimer [2]Grid and trimer [3]Grid, which are cyclic rigid nanoarchitectures of rather different sizes, are further characterized via steady-state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. They exhibit monomer-like spectroscopic signatures in the steady-state measurements, from which null exciton couplings are derived. Moreover, in an apolar solvent, high fluorescence quantum yields and excited-state dynamics that resembled DPP monomer are gathered. In a polar solvent, the localized singlet excited state on a single DPP dissociates into the adjacent null coupling DPP with charge transfer characteristics. This pathway facilitates the evolution of the symmetry-broken charge-separated state (SB-CS). Notable is the fact that the SB-CS of [2]Grid is, on one hand, in equilibrium with the singlet excited state and promotes, on the other hand, the formation of the triplet excited state with a yield of 32% via charge recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Bo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pengfei Hou
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongtao Cao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuyu Liu
- College of Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, 1 Yangshan North Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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31
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He T, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhao J, Shi H, Yang H, Yang P. Aggregation-Induced Structural Symmetry Breaking Promotes Charge Separation for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300500. [PMID: 37078981 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, organic semiconductors have received much attention in the field of photocatalysis due to their tunable physicochemical properties. However, organic semiconductor photocatalysts typically suffer from severe charge recombination due to high exciton binding energy. Herein, we found that aggregation of pyrene results in a red-shift of the light absorption from UV to visible light region. Importantly, the aggregation can induce dipole polarization by spontaneous structural symmetry breaking, thus significantly accelerating the separation and transfer of charge carriers. As a result, the pyrene aggregates display enhanced hydrogen photosynthesis activity. Furthermore, the noncovalent interactions allow rational design of physicochemical and electronic properties of pyrene aggregates, further strengthening the charge separation and photocatalytic activity of aggregates. The quantum yield of pyrene aggregates for hydrogen production highly reaches 20.77 % at 400 nm. Moreover, we have also observed pyrene analogues (1-hydroxypyrene, 1-nitropyrene and perylene) after aggregation all display large dipole moments induced by structural symmetry breaking and therefore accelerate the separation of charge carriers, confirming its general principle. This work highlights the achievement of using aggregation-induced structural symmetry breaking to enable the separation and transfer of charge carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Ya Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Jianghong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Hu Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Hengquan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Pengju Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
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Hart SM, Gorman J, Bathe M, Schlau-Cohen GS. Engineering Exciton Dynamics with Synthetic DNA Scaffolds. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2051-2061. [PMID: 37345736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Excitons are the molecular-scale currency of electronic energy. Control over excitons enables energy to be directed and harnessed for light harvesting, electronics, and sensing. Excitonic circuits achieve such control by arranging electronically active molecules to prescribe desired spatiotemporal dynamics. Photosynthetic solar energy conversion is a canonical example of the power of excitonic circuits, where chromophores are positioned in a protein scaffold to perform efficient light capture, energy transport, and charge separation. Synthetic systems that aim to emulate this functionality include self-assembled aggregates, molecular crystals, and chromophore-modified proteins. While the potential of this approach is clear, these systems lack the structural precision to control excitons or even test the limits of their power. In recent years, DNA origami has emerged as a designer material that exploits biological building blocks to construct nanoscale architectures. The structural precision afforded by DNA origami has enabled the pursuit of naturally inspired organizational principles in a highly precise and scalable manner. In this Account, we describe recent developments in DNA-based platforms that spatially organize chromophores to construct tunable excitonic systems. The high fidelity of DNA base pairing enables the formation of programmable nanoscale architectures, and sequence-specific placement allows for the precise positioning of chromophores within the DNA structure. The integration of a wide range of chromophores across the visible spectrum introduces spectral tunability. These excitonic DNA-chromophore assemblies not only serve as model systems for light harvesting, solar conversion, and sensing but also lay the groundwork for the integration of coupled chromophores into larger-scale nucleic acid architectures.We have used this approach to generate DNA-chromophore assemblies of strongly coupled delocalized excited states through both sequence-specific self-assembly and the covalent attachment of chromophores. These strategies have been leveraged to independently control excitonic coupling and system-bath interaction, which together control energy transfer. We then extended this framework to identify how scaffold configurations can steer the formation of symmetry-breaking charge transfer states, paving the way toward the design of dual light-harvesting and charge separation DNA machinery. In an orthogonal application, we used the programmability of DNA chromophore assemblies to change the optical emission properties of strongly coupled dimers, generating a series of fluorophore-modified constructs with separable emission properties for fluorescence assays. Upcoming advances in the chemical modification of nucleotides, design of large-scale DNA origami, and predictive computational methods will aid in constructing excitonic assemblies for optical and computing applications. Collectively, the development of DNA-chromophore assemblies as a platform for excitonic circuitry offers a pathway to identifying and applying design principles for light harvesting and molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Hart
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey Gorman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gabriela S Schlau-Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Sun S, Li X, Xu C, Li Y, Wu Y, Feringa BL, Tian H, Ma X. Scale effect of circularly polarized luminescent signal of matter. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad072. [PMID: 37287807 PMCID: PMC10243995 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is an important part in the research of modern luminescent materials and photoelectric devices. Usually, chiral molecules or chiral structures are the key factors to induce CPL spontaneous emission. In this study, a scale-effect model based on scalar theory was proposed to better understand the CPL signal of luminescent materials. Besides chiral structures being able to induce CPL, achiral ordered structures can also have a significant influence on CPL signals. These achiral structures are mainly reflected in the particle scale in micro-order or macro-order, i.e. the CPL signal measured under most conditions depends on the scale of the ordered medium, and does not reflect the inherent chirality of the excited state of the luminescent molecule. This kind of influence is difficult to be eliminated by simple and universal strategies in macro-measurement. At the same time, it is found that the measurement entropy of CPL detection may be the key factor to determine the isotropy and anisotropy of the CPL signal. This discovery would bring new opportunities to the research of chiral luminescent materials. This strategy can also greatly reduce the development difficulty of CPL materials and show high application potential in biomedical, photoelectric information and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- School of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - YongZhen Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, AG 9747, Netherlands
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Tang N, Zhou J, Wang L, Stolte M, Xie G, Wen X, Liu L, Würthner F, Gierschner J, Xie Z. Anomalous deep-red luminescence of perylene black analogues with strong π-π interactions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1922. [PMID: 37024474 PMCID: PMC10079835 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes are known as red, maroon and black pigments, whose colors depend on the close π-π stacking arrangement. However, contrary to the luminescent monomers, deep-red and black PBI pigments are commonly non- or only weakly fluorescent due to (multiple) quenching pathways. Here, we introduce N-alkoxybenzyl substituted PBIs that contain close π stacking arrangement (exhibiting dπ-π ≈ 3.5 Å, and longitudinal and transversal displacements of 3.1 Å and 1.3 Å); however, they afford deep-red emitters with solid-state fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) of up to 60%. Systematic photophysical and computational studies in solution and in the solid state reveal a sensitive interconversion of the PBI-centred locally excited state and a charge transfer state, which depends on the dihedral angle (θ) between the benzyl and alkoxy groups. This effectively controls the emission process, and enables high ΦF by circumventing the common quenching pathways commonly observed for perylene black analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Liangxuan Wang
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/ Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Guojing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xinbo Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Gierschner
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/ Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Zengqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
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Peng S, Shao G, Wang K, Chen X, Xu J, Wang H, Wu D, Xia J. Efficient Energy Transfer in a Rylene Imide-Based Heterodimer: The Role of Intramolecular Electronic Coupling. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3249-3257. [PMID: 36975134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of antenna molecules with simplified structures can effectively avoid the complex exciton dynamics resulting from conformational mobility. Two distinct heterodimers TP and TBP comprising a perylenediimide (PDI) donor and terrylenediimide (TDI) acting as an energy sink were investigated. Tuned by varying functionalization positions, the bay-to-bay-linked TP offers a strong chromophore coupling, while the bay-to-N-linked TBP exhibits a weak chromophore coupling. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we found that TP underwent ultrafast vibrational relaxation (τVR < 400 fs) from upper vibrational energy levels of the singlet states after pumping at 490 nm, and followed by electron transfer (ET, τET = 2.5 ps) from TDI to PDI. TBP exhibited ultrafast excitation energy transfer (EET, τEET = 0.48 ± 0.1 ps) from the excited PDI donor to TDI acceptor, and the subsequent charge transfer (CT) process was almost quenched. This result provides insight into designing novel small molecules capable of efficient energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guangwei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huan Wang
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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36
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Kim T, Feng Y, O'Connor JP, Stoddart JF, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Coherent Vibronic Wavepackets Show Structure-Directed Charge Flow in Host-Guest Donor-Acceptor Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37018535 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Designing and controlling charge transfer (CT) pathways in organic semiconductors are important for solar energy applications. To be useful, a photogenerated, Coulombically bound CT exciton must further separate into free charge carriers; direct observations of the detailed CT relaxation pathways, however, are lacking. Here, photoinduced CT and relaxation dynamics in three host-guest complexes, where a perylene (Per) electron donor guest is incorporated into two symmetric and one asymmetric extended viologen cyclophane acceptor hosts, are presented. The central ring in the extended viologen is either p-phenylene (ExV2+) or electron-rich 2,5-dimethoxy-p-phenylene (ExMeOV2+), resulting in two symmetric cyclophanes with unsubstituted or methoxy-substituted central rings, ExBox4+ and ExMeOBox4+, respectively, and an asymmetric cyclophane with one of the central viologen rings being methoxylated ExMeOVBox4+. Upon photoexcitation, the asymmetric host-guest ExMeOVBox4+ ⊃ Per complex exhibits directional CT toward the energetically unfavorable methoxylated side due to structural restrictions that facilitate strong interactions between the Per donor and the ExMeOV2+ side. The CT state relaxation pathways are probed using ultrafast optical spectroscopy by focusing on coherent vibronic wavepackets, which are used to identify CT relaxations along charge localization and vibronic decoherence coordinates. Specific low- and high-frequency nuclear motions are direct indicators of a delocalized CT state and the degree of CT character. Our results show that the CT pathway can be controlled by subtle chemical modifications of the acceptor host in addition to illustrating how coherent vibronic wavepackets can be used to probe the nature and time evolution of the CT states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - James P O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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Su P, Ran G, Wang H, Yue J, Kong Q, Bo Z, Zhang W. Intramolecular and Intermolecular Interaction Switching in the Aggregates of Perylene Diimide Trimer: Effect of Hydrophobicity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073003. [PMID: 37049767 PMCID: PMC10095916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The research on perylene diimide (PDI) aggregates effectively promotes their applications in organic photovoltaic solar cells and fluorescent sensors. In this paper, a PDI fabricated with three peripheral PDI units (N, N’-bis(6-undecyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-bis(dicarboximide)) is investigated. The trimer shows different absorption and fluorescence properties due to hydrophobicity when dissolved in the mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water. Through comprehensive analysis of the fluorescence lifetime and transient absorption spectroscopic results, we concluded that the trimer underwent different excited state kinetic pathways with different concentrations of water in THF. When dissolved in pure THF solvent, both the intramolecular charge-transfer and excimer states are formed. When the water concentration increases from 0 to 50% (v/v), the formation time of the excimer state and its structural relaxation time are prolonged, illustrating the arising of the intermolecular excimer state. It is interesting to determine that the probability of the intramolecular charge-transfer pathway will first decrease and then increase as the speed of intermolecular excimer formation slows down. The two inflection points appear when the water concentration is above 10% and 40%. The results not only highlight the importance of hydrophobicity on the aggregate properties of PDI multimers but also guide the further design of PDI-based organic photovoltaic solar cells.
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Sebastian E, Hariharan M. A Symmetry-Broken Charge-Separated State in the Marcus Inverted Region. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216482. [PMID: 36697363 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We report a long-lived charge-separated state in a chromophoric pair (DC-PDI2 ) that uniquely integrates the advantages of fundamental processes of photosynthetic reaction centers: i) Symmetry-breaking charge-separation (SB-CS) and ii) Marcus-inverted-region dependence. The near-orthogonal bichromophoric DC-PDI2 manifests an ultrafast evolution of the SB-CS state with a time constant of τ S B - C S ${{\tau }_{{\rm S}{\rm B}-{\rm C}{\rm S}}}$ =0.35±0.02 ps and a slow charge recombination (CR) kinetics with τ C R ${{\tau }_{{\rm C}{\rm R}}}$ =4.09±0.01 ns in ACN. The rate constant of CR of DC-PDI2 is 11 686 times slower than SB-CS in ACN, as the CR of the PDI radical ion-pair occurs in the deep inverted region of the Marcus parabola ( - Δ G C R ${{-{\rm \Delta }G}_{{\rm C}{\rm R}}}$ >λ). In contrast, an analogous benzyloxy (BnO)-substituted DC-BPDI2 showcases a ≈10-fold accelerated CR kinetics with τ C R / τ S B - C S ${{\tau }_{{\rm C}{\rm R}}/{\tau }_{{\rm S}{\rm B}-{\rm C}{\rm S}}}$ lowering to ≈1536 in ACN, by virtue of a decreased CR driving force. The present investigation demonstrates a control of molecular engineering to tune the energetics and kinetics of the SB-CS material, which is essential for next-generation optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Kerala, India
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Chen S, Feng S, Markvoort AJ, Zhang C, Zhou E, Liang W, Zhang HJ, Jiang YB, Lin J. Unequal Perylene Diimide Twins in a Quadruple Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300786. [PMID: 36792541 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural light-harvesting (LH) systems can divide identical dyes into unequal aggregate states, thereby achieving intelligent "allocation of labor". From a synthetic point of view, the construction of such kinds of unequal and integrated systems without the help of proteinaceous scaffolding is challenging. Here, we show that four octatetrayne-bridged ortho-perylene diimide (PDI) dyads (POPs) self-assemble into a quadruple assembly (POP)4 both in solution and in the solid state. The two identical PDI units in each POP are compartmentalized into weakly coupled PDIs (P520) and closely stacked PDIs (P550) in (POP)4 . The two extreme pools of PDI chromophores were unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. To interpret the formation of the discrete quadruple assembly, we also developed a two-step cooperative model. Quantum-chemical calculations indicate the existence of multiple couplings within and across P520 and P550, which can satisfactorily describe the photophysical properties of the unequal quadruple assembly. This finding is expected to help advance the rational design of dye stacks to emulate functions of natural LH systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shishi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Albert J Markvoort
- Computational Biology Group and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven (The, Netherlands
| | - Cankun Zhang
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Enyang Zhou
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - WanZhen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Bao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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40
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Wang Z, Liu T, Peng H, Fang Y. Advances in Molecular Design and Photophysical Engineering of Perylene Bisimide-Containing Polyads and Multichromophores for Film-Based Fluorescent Sensors. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:828-837. [PMID: 36692385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Film-based fluorescent sensors (FFSs) represent an important chemistry technology for meeting the urgent needs of on-site and real-time analysis, thereby enabling significant applications in environmental and health monitoring. As the core of FFSs, innovative design of sensing fluorophores and their intrinsic excited-state-related response nature endow FFSs with superior sensing performances in an endless expansion. In this Perspective, we specifically focus on perylene bisimide (PBI)-containing polyads and multichromophores with rigid configuration and notable photochemical stability for developing high-performance FFSs. These nonplanar structures mitigate aggregation and create abundant gaps for the sake of mass transfer and availability of the sensing units in the adlayer of the sensing films. We also comprehensively discuss how to adjust electronic coupling governing the excited-state events by appropriate functionalization strategies, thus providing a plethora of valuable insights for the exploration of the structure-property relationships in these orchestrated molecular systems. Throughout this Perspective, we also identify opportunities for FFSs in the future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
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Ma L, Kuang Z, Wang Z, Zhao H, Wan Y, Zhang XF, Li Y, Xia A. Ultrafast Charge Separation Driven by Torsional Motion in Orthogonal Boron Dipyrromethene Dimer. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:702-708. [PMID: 36646067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the photoinduced charge separation (CS) via symmetry breaking in an orthogonal meso-β-linked boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dimer was investigated by polarized transient absorption spectroscopy. The time constant about 0.76 ps of the CS reaction determined in dimethyl sulfoxide is much faster than the solvation dynamics. The observed transient anisotropy of the BODIPY anion band implies that both hole and electron transfers occur with similar probabilities. The bidirectional charge transfer processes suggest that the locally excited state is weakly coupled to the polar solvent, and the solvation coupled excited-state structural relaxation within the BODIPY monomeric unit is rather limited. In combination with the electronic excitation analysis based on time-dependent density-functional theory calculations, we deduced that the CS in the orthogonal BODIPY dimer is enabled via the torsional motion associated with covalently connected BODIPY units, promoting the electronic coupling, and irrelevant to the dynamic solvent relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoran Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Fu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Andong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
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42
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Na YJ, Lee HS, Kim CH, Shin JY. Dynamics of accelerated excimer formation of coumarin dyes anchored on semiconductor films. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lee HS, Na YJ, Kim CH, Shin JY. Multifaceted Excited State Dynamics of Coumarin Dyes Anchored on Al 2O 3 Film. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010111. [PMID: 36615303 PMCID: PMC9821847 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The co-facially stacked dyes on semiconductor films serve as an alternative model to elucidate the photo-driven exciton dynamics occurring in a molecular assembly. In this study, we report the unique emission properties of coumarin dye adsorbed on the surface of the semiconductor film, measured by ultrafast time-resolved fluorescence. When a rigid coumarin derivative, 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid (OHCCA), is anchored on the Al2O3 film, the dye manifests dual emissions from the two lowest excited states. Various anchoring modes of a carboxylic acid group on the Al2O3 surface are invoked to account for the unusual emission process. Additionally, we identified characteristic transition dipole interactions in the well-stacked dye aggregates, which leads to discernible excitonic splitting in the electronic transitions. Femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence reveals that the excimer formation in the aggregate occurs with the time constant of 550 fs. Picosecond time-resolved emission spectra confirm the subsequent structural relaxations of the nascent excimer. The enhanced transition dipole via the electronic coupling between OHCCA and metal oxide can be responsible for the dual emission and the ultrafast excimer formation.
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Deng ZY, Hu Z, Feng HJ. Dynamic interplay between thionine and DNA under carbon ion irradiation: a real-time first-principles study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 51:025101. [PMID: 36327460 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac9fff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and photosensitizer under ion irradiation benefits the development of aptasensors, DNA biosensors and cancer diagnosis. Using real-time time-depended density functional theory, by simulating high-energy C ion passing through DNA with poly(dG)·poly(dC) sequence and that with embedded thionine (3,7-diamino-5-phenothiazinium, TH), we compared the electronic stopping power (ESP), evolution of the structure and charge, and absorption spectrum. TH inserting leads the increase in space charge density, a larger electron de-excitation and a larger ESP, but the speed corresponding to the maximum ESP is almost same. When C ion passes through TH-DNA, the structure of TH slightly changes and there still exists noncovalent interaction between TH and DNA, but the absorption coefficient depends on the electron occupied state of TH when the ion passes through. These results indicate that at low radiation doses, TH still can be a DNA detector, although its response wavelength and intensity have been slightly changed, and provide a theoretical reference to improve the possible application of phenothiazine dye in DNA biosensor under ion irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun-Yi Deng
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Hu
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jian Feng
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
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Sebastian E, Sunny J, Hariharan M. Excimer evolution hampers symmetry-broken charge-separated states. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10824-10835. [PMID: 36320683 PMCID: PMC9491171 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04387d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving long-lived symmetry-broken charge-separated states in chromophoric assemblies is quintessential for enhanced performance of artificial photosynthetic mimics. However, the occurrence of energy trap states hinders exciton and charge transport across photovoltaic devices, diminishing power conversion efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate unprecedented excimer formation in the relaxed excited-state geometry of bichromophoric systems impeding the lifetime of symmetry-broken charge-separated states. Core-annulated perylenediimide dimers (SC-SPDI2 and SC-NPDI2) prefer a near-orthogonal arrangement in the ground state and a π-stacked foldamer structure in the excited state. The prospect of an excimer-like state in the foldameric arrangement of SC-SPDI2 and SC-NPDI2 has been rationalized by fragment-based excited state analysis and temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements. Effective electronic coupling matrix elements in the Franck-Condon geometry of SC-SPDI2 and SC-NPDI2 facilitate solvation-assisted ultrafast symmetry-breaking charge-separation (SB-CS) in a high dielectric environment, in contrast to unrelaxed excimer formation (Ex*) in a low dielectric environment. Subsequently, the SB-CS state dissociates into an undesired relaxed excimer state (Ex) due to configuration mixing of a Frenkel exciton (FE) and charge-separated state in the foldamer structure, downgrading the efficacy of the charge-separated state. The decay rate constant of the FE to SB-CS (k FE→SB-CS) in polar solvents is 8-17 fold faster than that of direct Ex* formation (k FE→Ex*) in non-polar solvent (k FE→SB-CS≫k FE→Ex*), characterized by femtosecond transient absorption (fsTA) spectroscopy. The present investigation establishes the impact of detrimental excimer formation on the persistence of the SB-CS state in chromophoric dimers and offers the requisite of conformational rigidity as one of the potential design principles for developing advanced molecular photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Jeswin Sunny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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46
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Carrier Dynamics and Surface Reaction Boosted by Polymer-based Single-atom Photocatalysts. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hong Y, Schlosser F, Kim W, Würthner F, Kim D. Ultrafast Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation in a Perylene Bisimide Dimer Enabled by Vibronic Coupling and Breakdown of Adiabaticity. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15539-15548. [PMID: 35951363 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Perylene bisimides (PBIs) have received great attention in their applicability to optoelectronics. Especially, symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) in PBIs has been investigated to mimic the efficient light capturing and charge generation in natural light-harvesting systems. However, unlike ultrafast CS dynamics in donor-acceptor heterojunction materials, ultrafast SB-CS in a stacked homodimer has still been challenging due to excimer formation in the absence of rigidifying surroundings such as a special pair in the natural systems. Herein, we present the detailed mechanism of ultrafast photoinduced SB-CS occurring in a 1,7-bis(N-pyrrolidinyl) PBI dimer within a cyclophane. Through narrow-band and broad-band transient absorption spectroscopy, we demonstrate that ultrafast SB-CS in the dimer is enabled by the combination of (1) vibrationally coherent charge-transfer resonance-enhanced excimer formation and (2) breakdown of adiabaticity (formation of SB-CS diabats) in the excimer state via structural and solvent fluctuation. Quantum chemical calculations also underpin that the participation of strong electron-donating substituents in overall vibrational modes plays a crucial role in triggering the ultrafast SB-CS. Therefore, our work provides an alternative route to facilitate ultrafast SB-CS in PBIs and thereby establishes a novel strategy for the design of optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Felix Schlosser
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universitat Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universitat Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Division of Energy Materials, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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48
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Kim T, Lin C, Schultz JD, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. π-Stacking-Dependent Vibronic Couplings Drive Excited-State Dynamics in Perylenediimide Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11386-11396. [PMID: 35699940 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vibronic coupling, the interplay of electronic and nuclear vibrational motion, is considered a critical mechanism in photoinduced reactions such as energy transfer, charge transfer, and singlet fission. However, our understanding of how particular vibronic couplings impact excited-state dynamics is lacking due to the limited number of experimental studies of model molecular systems. Herein, we use two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) to launch and interrogate a range of vibronic coherences in two distinct types of perylenediimide slip stacks─along the short and long molecular axes, which form either an excimer or a mixed state between the Frenkel exciton (FE) and charge transfer states. We explore the functionality of these vibronic coherences using quantum beatmaps, which display the Fourier amplitude signal oscillations as a function of pump and probe frequencies, along with knowledge of the characteristic signatures of the FE, ionic, and excimer species. We find that a low-frequency vibrational mode of the short-axis slip stack appears concomitantly with the formation of the excimer state, survives 2-fold longer than in the FE state in the reference monomer, and shows a phase shift compared to other modes. For the long-axis slip stacks, a pair of low-frequency modes coupled to a high-frequency coordinate of the FE state were found to play a critical role in mixed-state generation. Our findings thus experimentally reveal the complex and varying roles of vibronic couplings in tightly packed multimers undergoing a range of photoinduced processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Chenjian Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Jonathan D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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Liu J, Zeng J, Zhao D, Yao Y, Hu D, Ma Y. Comprehending radicals, diradicals and their bondings in aggregates of imide-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9985-9992. [PMID: 36128241 PMCID: PMC9430410 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02906e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The structures and optical properties of imide-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon radicals, which exhibit room-temperature ferromagnetism as discovered recently and the strong pancake bondings in NDI radical aggregates are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Liu
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiarui Zeng
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Duokai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dehua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuguang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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