1
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Sun Z, Zhang J, Du X, Liu L, Gao S, Qi C, Li X, Xu X. Photoinduced EnT-mediated sulfonamidylimination of alkenes and (hetero)arenes with iminophenylacetic acid oxime esters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7934-7937. [PMID: 38984732 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02225d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
A photoinduced EnT-mediated generation of sulfonamidyl radicals has been accomplished using rationally designed iminophenylacetic acid oxime ester reagents under metal-free conditions. This approach offers a mild, regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of N-sulfonyl diamines via diamination of alkenes and (hetero)arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetian Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Jianting Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaohua Du
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Lulu Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Shuo Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Chenchen Qi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangsheng Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
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2
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Xing Q, Chandrachud PP, Tillett K, Lopchuk JM. Regioselective hydroamination of unactivated olefins with diazirines as a diversifiable nitrogen source. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6049. [PMID: 39025859 PMCID: PMC11258257 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing compounds, such as amines, hydrazines, and heterocycles, play an indispensable role in medicine, agriculture, and materials. Alkylated derivatives of these compounds, especially in sterically congested environments, remain a challenge to prepare. Here we report a versatile method for the regioselective hydroamination of readily available unactivated olefins with diazirines. Over fifty examples are reported, including the protecting group-free amination of fourteen different natural products. A broad functional group tolerance includes alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and epoxides. The proximate products of these reactions are diaziridines, which, under mild conditions, are converted to primary amines, hydrazines, and heterocycles. Five target- and diversity-oriented syntheses of pharmaceutical compounds are shown, along with the preparation of a bis-15N diazirine validated in the late-stage isotopic labeling of an RNA splicing modulator candidate. In this work, we report using diazirine (1) as an electrophilic nitrogen source in a regioselective hydroamination reaction, and the diversification of the resulting diaziridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Xing
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Preeti P Chandrachud
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Khalilia Tillett
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Justin M Lopchuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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3
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Nonn M, Fustero S, Kiss L. Application of 2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]Hept-5-En-3-One (Vince Lactam) in Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry. CHEM REC 2024:e202400070. [PMID: 39008895 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one (Vince lactam) is known to be a valuable building block in synthetic organic chemistry and drug research. It is an important precursor to access of some blockbuster antiviral drugs such as Carbovir or Abacavir as well as other carbocyclic neuraminidase inhibitors as antiviral agents. The ring C=C bond of the Vince lactam allows versatile chemical manipulations to create not only functionalized γ-lactams, but also γ-amino acid derivatives with a cyclopentane framework. The aim of the current account is to summarize the chemistry of Vince lactam, its synthetic utility and application in organic and medicinal chemistry over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Nonn
- MTA TTK Lendület Artificial Transporter Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Center for Natural Sciences, H-1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
| | - Santos Fustero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Pharmacy Faculty, València, 46100-Burjassot Valencia, Spain
| | - Loránd Kiss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Stereochemistry Research Group, HUN-REN Research Center for Natural Sciences, H-1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
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4
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Liu T, Li T, Tea ZY, Wang C, Shen T, Lei Z, Chen X, Zhang W, Wu J. Modular assembly of arenes, ethylene and heteroarenes for the synthesis of 1,2-arylheteroaryl ethanes. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01560-7. [PMID: 38937591 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The 1,2-arylheteroaryl ethane motif stands as a privileged scaffold with promising implications in drug discovery. Conventional de novo syntheses of these molecules have relied heavily on pre-functionalized synthons, entailing harsh conditions and multi-step processes. Here, to address these limitations, we present a modular approach for the direct synthesis of 1,2-arylheteroaryl ethanes using feedstock chemicals, including ethylene, arenes and heteroarenes. We disclosed a photo triplet-energy-transfer-initiated radical cascade process, leveraging homolytic cleavage of C-S bonds in aryl sulfonium salts as the key step to access aryl radicals with excellent regioselectivity. This method allows for rapid structural diversification of bioactive molecules, showcasing excellent functional group tolerance and streamlining the synthesis of bioactive compounds and their derivatives. Furthermore, our approach can be extended to propylene, non-gaseous terminal alkenes and various other electrophilic radical precursors, including heteroaryl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, trifluoromethyl radicals and α-carbonyl alkyl radicals. This study highlights the significance of radical polarity matching in designing selective multi-component couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Talin Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhi Yuan Tea
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianruo Shen
- Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhexuan Lei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xuebo Chen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research institute, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Zhang Y, Zhang G, Zhang H, Tian Y, Li J, Yun J, Zabed HM, Qi X. Efficient Fermentative Production of β-Alanine from Glucose through Multidimensional Engineering of Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14274-14283. [PMID: 38867465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
β-Alanine, a valuable β-type amino acid, is experiencing increased demand due to its multifaceted applications in food flavoring, nutritional supplements, pharmaceuticals, and the chemical industry. Nevertheless, the sustainable biosynthesis of β-alanine currently faces challenges due to the scarcity of robust strains, attributed to the complexities of modulating multiple genes and the inherent physiological constraints. Here, systems metabolic engineering was implemented in Escherichia coli to overcome these limitations. First, an efficient l-aspartate-α-decarboxylase (ADC) was recruited for β-alanine biosynthesis. To conserve phosphoenolpyruvate flux, we subsequently modified the endogenous glucose assimilation system by inactivating the phosphotransferase system (PTS) and introducing an alternative non-PTS system, which increased β-alanine production to 1.70 g/L. The supply of key precursors, oxaloacetate and l-aspartate, was synergistically improved through comprehensive modulation, including strengthening main flux and blocking bypass metabolism, which significantly increased the β-alanine titer to 3.43 g/L. Next, the expression of ADC was optimized by promoter and untranslated region (UTR) engineering. Further transport engineering, which involved disrupting β-alanine importer CycA and heterologously expressing β-alanine exporter NCgI0580, improved β-alanine production to 8.48 g/L. Additionally, corn steep liquor was used to develop a cost-effective medium. The final strain produced 74.03 g/L β-alanine with a yield of 0.57 mol/mol glucose during fed-batch fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Guoyan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yuehui Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Yun
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Hossain M Zabed
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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6
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Ji P, Duan K, Li M, Wang Z, Meng X, Zhang Y, Wang W. Photochemical dearomative skeletal modifications of heteroaromatics. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6600-6624. [PMID: 38817197 PMCID: PMC11181993 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatization has emerged as a powerful tool for rapid construction of 3D molecular architectures from simple, abundant, and planar (hetero)arenes. The field has evolved beyond simple dearomatization driven by new synthetic technology development. With the renaissance of photocatalysis and expansion of the activation mode, the last few years have witnessed impressive developments in innovative photochemical dearomatization methodologies, enabling skeletal modifications of dearomatized structures. They offer truly efficient and useful tools for facile construction of highly complex structures, which are viable for natural product synthesis and drug discovery. In this review, we aim to provide a mechanistically insightful overview on these innovations based on the degree of skeletal alteration, categorized into dearomative functionalization and skeletal editing, and to highlight their synthetic utilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Kuaikuai Duan
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Menglong Li
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, School of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, USA.
| | - Yueteng Zhang
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, School of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, USA.
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7
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Lyu X, Jung H, Kim D, Chang S. Enantioselective Access to β-Amino Carbonyls via Ni-Catalyzed Formal Olefin Hydroamidation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14745-14753. [PMID: 38742738 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
We herein describe a Ni-catalyzed formal hydroamidation of readily available α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to afford valuable chiral β-amino acid derivatives (up to >99:1 e.r.) using dioxazolones as a robust amino source. A wide range of alkyl-substituted olefins conjugated to esters, amides, thioesters, and ketones were successfully amidated at the β-position with excellent enantioselectivity for the first time. Combined experimental and computational mechanistic studies supported our working hypothesis that this unconventional β-amidation of unsaturated carbonyl substrates can be attributed to the polar-matched migratory olefin insertion of an (amido)(Cl)NiII intermediate, in situ generated from the dioxazolone precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lyu
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hoimin Jung
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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8
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Goti G, Manal K, Sivaguru J, Dell'Amico L. The impact of UV light on synthetic photochemistry and photocatalysis. Nat Chem 2024; 16:684-692. [PMID: 38429343 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
During the past 15 years, an increasing number of research groups have embraced visible-light-mediated synthetic transformations as a powerful strategy for the construction and functionalization of organic molecules. This trend has followed the advent and development of photocatalysis, which often operates under mild visible-light irradiation. Nowadays, the general perception of UV-light photochemistry is often as an out-of-fashion approach that is difficult to perform and leads to unselective reaction pathways. Here we wish to propose an alternative and more realistic point of view to the scientific community. First, we will provide an overview of the use of UV light in modern photochemistry, highlighting the pivotal role it still plays in the development of new, efficient synthetic methods. We will then show how the high levels of mechanistic understanding reached for UV-light-driven processes have been key in the implementation of the related visible-light-driven transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Goti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Kavyasree Manal
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Jayaraman Sivaguru
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA.
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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9
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Rana D, Pflüger PM, Hölter NP, Tan G, Glorius F. Standardizing Substrate Selection: A Strategy toward Unbiased Evaluation of Reaction Generality. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:899-906. [PMID: 38680564 PMCID: PMC11046462 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
With over 10,000 new reaction protocols arising every year, only a handful of these procedures transition from academia to application. A major reason for this gap stems from the lack of comprehensive knowledge about a reaction's scope, i.e., to which substrates the protocol can or cannot be applied. Even though chemists invest substantial effort to assess the scope of new protocols, the resulting scope tables involve significant biases, reducing their expressiveness. Herein we report a standardized substrate selection strategy designed to mitigate these biases and evaluate the applicability, as well as the limits, of any chemical reaction. Unsupervised learning is utilized to map the chemical space of industrially relevant molecules. Subsequently, potential substrate candidates are projected onto this universal map, enabling the selection of a structurally diverse set of substrates with optimal relevance and coverage. By testing our methodology on different chemical reactions, we were able to demonstrate its effectiveness in finding general reactivity trends by using a few highly representative examples. The developed methodology empowers chemists to showcase the unbiased applicability of novel methodologies, facilitating their practical applications. We hope that this work will trigger interdisciplinary discussions about biases in synthetic chemistry, leading to improved data quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Rana
- Universität Münster,
Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp M. Pflüger
- Universität Münster,
Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Niklas P. Hölter
- Universität Münster,
Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Guangying Tan
- Universität Münster,
Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Universität Münster,
Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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10
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Laskar R, Dutta S, Spies JC, Mukherjee P, Rentería-Gómez Á, Thielemann RE, Daniliuc CG, Gutierrez O, Glorius F. γ-Amino Alcohols via Energy Transfer Enabled Brook Rearrangement. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10899-10907. [PMID: 38569596 PMCID: PMC11027157 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In the long-standing quest to synthesize fundamental building blocks with key functional group motifs, photochemistry in the recent past has comprehensively established its attractiveness. Amino alcohols are not only functionally diverse but are ubiquitous in the biologically active realm of compounds. We developed bench-stable bifunctional reagents that could then access the sparsely reported γ-amino alcohols directly from feedstock alkenes through energy transfer (EnT) photocatalysis. A designed 1,3-linkage across alkenes is made possible by the intervention of a radical Brook rearrangement that takes place downstream to the EnT-mediated homolysis of our reagent(s). A combination of experimental mechanistic investigations and detailed computational studies (DFT) indicates a radical chain propagated reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjini Laskar
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Subhabrata Dutta
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan C. Spies
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Poulami Mukherjee
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 77843 College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Ángel Rentería-Gómez
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 77843 College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Rebecca E. Thielemann
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 77843 College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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11
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Cai YM, Liu XT, Xu LL, Shang M. Electrochemical Ni-Catalyzed Decarboxylative C(sp 3 )-N Cross-Electrophile Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315222. [PMID: 38299697 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
A new electrochemical transformation is presented that enables chemists to couple simple alkyl carboxylic acid derivatives with an electrophilic amine reagent to construct C(sp3 )-N bond. The success of this reaction hinges on the merging of cooperative electrochemical reduction with nickel catalysis. The chemistry exhibits a high degree of practicality, showcasing its wide applicability with 1°, 2°, 3° carboxylic acids and remarkable compatibility with diverse functional groups, even in the realm of late-stage functionalization. Furthermore, extensive mechanistic studies have unveiled the engagement of alkyl radicals and iminyl radicals; and elucidated the multifaceted roles played by i Pr2 O, Ni catalyst, and electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ming Cai
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ting Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Lin Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ming Shang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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12
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Xiao ZL, Xie ZZ, Yuan CP, Deng KY, Chen K, Chen HB, Xiang HY, Yang H. Photosensitized 1,2-Difunctionalization of Alkenes to Access β-Amino Sulfonamides. Org Lett 2024; 26:2108-2113. [PMID: 38440974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
A metal-free photosensitized 1,2-imino-sulfamoylation of olefins by employing a tailor-made sulfamoyl carbamate as the difunctionalization reagent has been established. This protocol exhibits versatility across a broad substrate scope, including aryl and aliphatic alkenes, leading to the synthesis of diverse β-imino sulfonamides in moderate to good yields. This method is characterized by its metal-free reaction system, mild reaction conditions, excellent regioselectivity, and high atom economy, serving as a promising platform for the preparation of β-amino sulfonamide-containing molecules, particularly in the context of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Long Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Chu-Ping Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Yi Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Xiangjiang Laboratory, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Hong-Bin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Time Chemical Company, Ltd., C Park of Jinxi Xiangliao Industry, Fuzhou 344800, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Xiangjiang Laboratory, Changsha 410205, China
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13
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Ren H, Li T, Xing J, Li Z, Zhang Y, Yu X, Zheng J. Ti-Catalyzed Formal [2π + 2σ] Cycloadditions of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with 2-Azadienes to Access Aminobicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:1745-1750. [PMID: 38377354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Saturated bicyclic amines are increasingly targeted to the pharmaceutical industry as sp3-rich bioisosteres of anilines. Numerous strategies have been established for the preparation of bridgehead aminobicyclics. However, methods to assemble the bridge-amino hydrocarbon skeleton, which serves as a meta-substituted arene bioisostere, are limited. Herein, a general approach to access 2-aminobicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (aminoBCHs) by titanium-catalyzed formal [2π + 2σ] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes and 2-azadienes was developed. Simple derivatization of aminoBCHs leads to various medicinally and agrochemically important analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haosong Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Tianxiang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jinping Xing
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyue Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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14
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Das K, Pedada A, Singha T, Hari DP. Strain-enabled radical spirocyclization cascades: rapid access to spirocyclobutyl lactones and - lactams. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3182-3191. [PMID: 38425517 PMCID: PMC10901517 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05700c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Spirocyclobutane derivatives have gained significant attention in drug discovery programs due to their broad spectrum of biological activities and clinical applications. Ring-strain in organic molecules is a powerful tool to promote reactivity by releasing strain energy, allowing the construction of complex molecules selectively and efficiently. Herein, we report the first strain-enabled radical spirocyclization cascades for the synthesis of functionalized spirocyclobutyl lactones and - lactams, which are finding increasing applications in medicinal chemistry. The reaction of interelement compounds with bicyclobutane (BCB) allyl esters and - amides proceeds with high chemoselectivity under simple, catalyst-free conditions using blue light irradiation. The reaction has been successfully extended to synthesize bis-spirocycles. To introduce a more diverse set of functional groups, we have developed a dual photoredox/nickel catalytic system capable of mediating the carbosulfonylation of BCB allyl amides. The reaction shows broad applicability across various (hetero)aryl halides, aryl sulfinates, and BCB allyl amides, operates under mild conditions and demonstrates excellent functional group compatibility. The functional groups introduced during the cascade reactions served as versatile handles for further synthetic elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousik Das
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India 560012
| | - Abhilash Pedada
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India 560012
| | - Tushar Singha
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India 560012
| | - Durga Prasad Hari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India 560012
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15
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Xia J, Guo Y, Lv Z, Sun J, Zheng G, Zhang Q. Visible Light-Mediated Monofluoromethylation/Acylation of Olefins by Dual Organo-Catalysis. Molecules 2024; 29:790. [PMID: 38398543 PMCID: PMC10892033 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Monofluoromethyl (CH2F) motifs exhibit unique bioactivities and are considered privileged units in drug discovery. The radical monofluoromethylative difunctionalization of alkenes stands out as an appealing approach to access CH2F-containing compounds. However, this strategy remains largely underdeveloped, particularly under metal-free conditions. In this study, we report on visible light-mediated three-component monofluoromethylation/acylation of styrene derivatives employing NHC and organic photocatalyst dual catalysis. A diverse array of α-aryl-β-monofluoromethyl ketones was successfully synthesized with excellent functional group tolerance and selectivity. The mild and metal-free CH2F radical generation strategy from NaSO2CFH2 holds potential for further applications in fluoroalkyl radical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuli Xia
- Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (J.X.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yunliang Guo
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China;
| | - Zhiguang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (J.X.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Jiaqiong Sun
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China;
| | - Guangfan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (J.X.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (J.X.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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16
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Dutta S, Erchinger JE, Strieth-Kalthoff F, Kleinmans R, Glorius F. Energy transfer photocatalysis: exciting modes of reactivity. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1068-1089. [PMID: 38168974 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Excited (triplet) states offer a myriad of attractive synthetic pathways, including cycloadditions, selective homolytic bond cleavages and strain-release chemistry, isomerizations, deracemizations, or the fusion with metal catalysis. Recent years have seen enormous advantages in enabling these reactivity modes through visible-light-mediated triplet-triplet energy transfer catalysis (TTEnT). This tutorial review provides an overview of this emerging strategy for synthesizing sought-after organic motifs in a mild, selective, and sustainable manner. Building on the photophysical foundations of energy transfer, this review also discusses catalyst design, as well as the challenges and opportunities of energy transfer catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Dutta
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Johannes E Erchinger
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Felix Strieth-Kalthoff
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Roman Kleinmans
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Frank Glorius
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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17
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Zhuang Z, Sun Y, Zhong Y, He Q, Zhang X, Yang C. Visible-Light-Induced Decarboxylative Aminosulfonylation of (Hetero)aryl Carboxylic Oxime Esters. Org Lett 2024; 26:713-718. [PMID: 38214493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Sulfonamides are important structures in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and organocatalysts, yet the rapid and benign synthesis of these compounds is still a great challenge. Herein we report a photoinduced method for synthesizing sulfonamides from (hetero)aryl carboxylic acid oxime esters. This reaction proceeds via one-pot cascade radical-radical cross-coupling by energy-transfer-mediated photocatalysis. A wide substrate scope including (hetero)aryl substrates and late-stage modification of pharmaceutical molecular entities reveal its generality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanchen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qian He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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18
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Okumatsu D, Kiyokawa K, Bao Nguyen LT, Abe M, Minakata S. Photoexcitation of (diarylmethylene)amino benziodoxolones for alkylamination of styrene derivatives with carboxylic acids. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1068-1076. [PMID: 38239691 PMCID: PMC10793594 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06090j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The alkylamination of alkenes using pristine carboxylic acids was achieved by the photoexcitation of (diarylmethylene)amino benziodoxolones (DABXs), which serve as both an oxidant and an aminating reagent (an iminyl radical precursor). The developed method is a simple photochemical reaction without the need for external photosensitizers and shows a broad substrate scope for aliphatic carboxylic acids leading to the formation of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl radicals, thus enabling the facile synthesis of various structurally complex amines. Mechanistic investigations including transient absorption spectroscopy measurements using a laser flash photolysis (LFP) method disclosed the unique photochemical reactivity of DABXs, which undergoes homolysis of their I-N bonds to give an iminyl radical and ortho-iodobenzoyloxy radical, the latter of which participates in the single-electron oxidation of carboxylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Okumatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Yamadaoka 2-1 Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kensuke Kiyokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Yamadaoka 2-1 Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Linh Tran Bao Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama 1-3-1 Higashi-hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama 1-3-1 Higashi-hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Yamadaoka 2-1 Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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19
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Geniller L, Taillefer M, Jaroschik F, Prieto A. Photocatalyzed Amination of Alkyl Halides to Access Primary Amines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:656-664. [PMID: 38061988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate that oxime ester derivatives can be used as both a halogen atom transfer (XAT) agent and an imine source under photocatalytic conditions, allowing the radical amination of alkyl halides, resulting in the formation of a broad scope of imines. Hydrolysis of the latter gives direct access to the corresponding primary amines. Mechanistically, the reaction is believed to proceed through the formation of aryl radical intermediates, which are responsible for the activation of alkyl halides via XAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Geniller
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Taillefer
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Alexis Prieto
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
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20
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Di Terlizzi L, Nicchio L, Callegari C, Scaringi S, Neuville L, Fagnoni M, Protti S, Masson G. Visible-Light-Mediated Divergent and Regioselective Vicinal Difunctionalization of Styrenes with Arylazo Sulfones. Org Lett 2023; 25:9047-9052. [PMID: 38085821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Activated by visible light, arylazo sulfones can serve as multifaceted reactants and are employed in diazenylation, sulfonylation, and arylation reactions under (photo)catalyst-free conditions. Such versatile reactivity enabled us to develop an operationally simple, regioselective, and tunable difunctionalization of styrenes with arylazo sulfones to produce α-sulfonyl arylhydrazones and 1,2-alkoxyarylated products in moderate to excellent yields. Furthermore, such difunctionalized products have been exploited as key building blocks for the synthesis of various heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Di Terlizzi
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Luca Nicchio
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Camilla Callegari
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Simone Scaringi
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Luc Neuville
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- HitCat, Seqens-CNRS joint laboratory, Seqens'Lab, 8 Rue de Rouen, 78440 Porcheville, France
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Geraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- HitCat, Seqens-CNRS joint laboratory, Seqens'Lab, 8 Rue de Rouen, 78440 Porcheville, France
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21
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Wang L, Shi M, Chen X, Su N, Luo W, Zhang X. Generation of Aromatic N-Heterocyclic Radicals for Functionalization of Unactivated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314312. [PMID: 37946626 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs) have been widely recognized as versatile synthetic intermediates for the construction of nitrogen containing molecules of high value. As such, there has been a long-standing interest in the field of organic synthesis to develop novel nitrogen-based radicals and explore their inherent reactivity. In this study, we present the generation of aromatic N-heterocyclic radicals and their application in a novel and diverse functionalization of unactivated alkenes. Bench-stable aromatic N-heterocyclic pyridinium salts were employed as crucial NCR precursors, which enabled the efficient conversion of various unactivated alkenes into medicinally relevant alkylated N-heterocyclic amines. This approach offers an unexplored retrosynthetic disconnection for the synthesis of related molecules that commonly possess therapeutic value. Furthermore, this platform can be extended to the synthesis of densely functionalized heterocyclic amines by utilizing disulfides and diethyl bromomalonate as radical quenchers. Mechanistic investigations indicate an energy transfer (EnT) pathway involving the formation of a transient aromatic N-heterocyclic radical, radical addition to unactivated alkenes, and subsequent generation of the amination product through either hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) or radical addition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Minxu Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Nicholas Su
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Weili Luo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Xiaheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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22
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Gu R, Feng X, Bao M, Zhang X. Modular access to alkylgermanes via reductive germylative alkylation of activated olefins under nickel catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7669. [PMID: 37996494 PMCID: PMC10667229 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-introducing difunctionalization of C-C double bonds enabled by transition-metal catalysis is one of most straightforward and efficient strategies to construct C-C and C-X bonds concurrently from readily available feedstocks towards structurally diverse molecules in one step; however, analogous difunctionalization for introducing germanium group and other functionalities remains elusive. Herein, we describe a nickel-catalyzed germylative alkylation of activated olefins with easily accessible primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl bromides and chlorogermanes as the electrophiles to form C-Ge and C-Calkyl bonds simultaneously. This method provides a modular and facile approach for the synthesis of a broad range of alkylgermanes with good functional group compatibility, and can be further applied to the late-stage modification of natural products and pharmaceuticals, as well as ligation of drug fragments. More importantly, this platform enables the expedient synthesis of germanium substituted ospemifene-Ge-OH, which shows improved properties compared to ospemifene in the treatment of breast cancer cells, demonstrating high potential of our protocol in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.
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23
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Xu Y, Wang B, Wang J, Zhou X, Chen J, Guo X, Deng GJ, Shao W. Regioselective Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Vicinal Diamines via Azidoimination of Alkenes with TMSN 3 and Ketimines. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37991479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
2-Azidoimines are versatile precursors to value-added vicinal unsymmetrical diamines, which are among the most common motifs in biologically active compounds. Herein, we report their operationally simple synthesis through a highly regioselective intermolecular azidoamination of olefins under metal-free conditions. The approach proceeded through azide and iminyl, two differentiated N-centered radicals. The synthetic potential of the protocols was further established via the condensation/amination sequential cascade and chemoselective, orthogonal transformations to access vicinal primary diamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhuo Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R, China
| | - Boqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R, China
| | - Jiaxing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R, China
| | - Xinjia Guo
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R, China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R, China
| | - Wen Shao
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R, China
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24
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Wang LC, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Wu XF. Cobalt-catalyzed aminoalkylative carbonylation of alkenes toward direct synthesis of γ-amino acid derivatives and peptides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7439. [PMID: 37978196 PMCID: PMC10656502 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Amino acids and peptides analogues are common constituents of building blocks for numerous biologically active molecules, pharmaceuticals, and natural products. In particular, γ-amino acids are providing with better metabolic stability than α-amino acids. Herein we report a multicomponent carbonylation technology that combines readily available amides, alkenes, and the feedstock gas carbon monoxide to build architecturally complex and functionally diverse γ-amino acid derivatives in a single step by the implementation of radical relay catalysis. This transformation can also be used as a late-stage functionalization strategy to deliver complex, advanced γ-amino acid products for pharmaceutical and other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Cheng Wang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Rostock, Germany
| | - Yang Yuan
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Youcan Zhang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Rostock, Germany.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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25
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Paulus F, Stein C, Heusel C, Stoffels TJ, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Three-Component Photochemical 1,2,5-Trifunctionalizations of Alkenes toward Densely Functionalized Lynchpins. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23814-23823. [PMID: 37852246 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Radical remote 1,n-difunctionalization reactions (n > 2) of alkenes are powerful tools to efficiently introduce functional groups with selected distances into target molecules. Among these reactions, 1,5-difunctionalizations are an important subclass, leading to sought-after scaffolds, but typically suffer from tailored starting materials and strict limitations for the formed functional group in 2-position. Seeking to address these issues and to make radical 1,5-difunctionalizations of alkenes more applicable, we report a novel three-component 1,2,5-trifunctionalization reaction between imine-based bifunctional reagents and two distinct alkenes, driven by visible light energy transfer-catalysis. Key to achieving this selective one-step installation of three different functional groups via the choreographed formation of four bonds was the utilization of a 1,2-boron shift and the rigorous capitalization of radical polarities and stabilities. Thorough mechanistic studies were carried out, and the synthetic utility of the obtained products was demonstrated by various downstream modifications. Notably, in addition to the functionalization of individual functional groups, their interplay gave rise to a unique array of cyclic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Paulus
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Colin Stein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Corinna Heusel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias J Stoffels
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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26
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Tanaka N, Zhu JL, Valencia OL, Schull CR, Scheidt KA. Cooperative Carbene Photocatalysis for β-Amino Ester Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37906227 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
β-Amino acids are useful building blocks of bioactive molecules, including peptidomimetics and pharmaceutical compounds. The current limited accessibility to β2,2-type amino acids which bear an α-quaternary center has limited their use in chemical synthesis and biological investigations. Disclosed herein is the development of a new N-heterocyclic carbene/photocatalyzed aminocarboxylation of olefins, affording β2,2-amino esters with high regioselectivity. The generation of nitrogen-centered radicals derived from simple imides via a sequence of deprotonation and single-electron oxidation allows for the subsequent addition to geminal-disubstituted olefins regioselectively. The intermediate tertiary radicals then cross-couple with a stabilized azolium-based radical generated in situ to efficiently construct the quaternary centers. Mechanistic studies, including Stern-Volmer fluorescence quenching experiments, support the proposed catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joshua L Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Oniya L Valencia
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cullen R Schull
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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27
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Dey J, Banerjee N, Daw S, Guin J. Photochemical Oximesulfonylation of Alkenes Using Sulfonyl-Oxime-Ethers as Bifunctional Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312384. [PMID: 37653722 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of oxime ethers as bifunctional reagents remains unknown. Herein, we present a mechanistically distinct strategy that enables oximesulfonylation of olefins using sulfonyl-oxime-ethers as bifunctional reagents under metal-free photochemical conditions. Via concomitant C-S and C-C bond formation, the process permits incorporation of oxime and sulfonyl groups into olefins in a complete atom-economic fashion, providing rapid access to multi-functionalized β-sulfonyl oxime ethers with good yields and stereoselectivity. The method is amenable to functionalization of complex bioactive molecules and is shown to be scalable. A radical chain mechanism initiated via photochemical Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) mediated N-O bond cleavage is suggested for the process, based on our results on mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Nayan Banerjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Swikriti Daw
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Joyram Guin
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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28
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Zhang XX, Zheng H, Mei YK, Liu Y, Liu YY, Ji DW, Wan B, Chen QA. Photo-induced imino functionalizations of alkenes via intermolecular charge transfer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11170-11179. [PMID: 37860665 PMCID: PMC10583702 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03667g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A catalyst-free photosensitized strategy has been developed for regioselective imino functionalizations of alkenes via the formation of an EDA complex. This photo-induced protocol facilitates the construction of structurally diverse β-imino sulfones and vinyl sulfones in moderate to high yields. Mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction is initiated with an intermolecular charge transfer between oximes and sulfinates, followed by fragmentation to generate a persistent iminyl radical and transient sulfonyl radical. This catalyst-free protocol also features excellent regioselectivity, broad functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions. The late stage functionalization of natural product derived compounds and total synthesis of some bioactive molecules have been demonstrated to highlight the utility of this protocol. Meanwhile, the compatibility of different donors has proved the generality of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Xin Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
| | - Hao Zheng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
| | - Yong-Kang Mei
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
| | - Yan Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
| | - Ding-Wei Ji
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
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29
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Luo XL, Huang MS, Li SS, Jiang YS, Chen LN, Li SH, Xia PJ. Photocatalytic Multicomponent 1, n-Carboimination with Alkyl Iodides and O-Benzoyl Oxime through EnT and XAT Processes. Org Lett 2023; 25:6407-6412. [PMID: 37607051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a strategy using commercially available alkyl iodides and O-benzoyl oxime to efficiently introduce alkyl and iminyl groups via energy transfer and halogen-atom transfer processes. We performed three-component 1,2-carboimination of olefins and four-component 1,4-carboimination across olefins and alkynes, resulting in the synthesis of over 60 nitrogen-containing molecules. Moreover, this transformation enables the synthesis of molecules with sensitive groups that were previously difficult to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Miao-Sha Huang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Shi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ning Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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30
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Qi XK, Zheng MJ, Yang C, Zhao Y, Guo L, Xia W. Metal-Free Amino(hetero)arylation and Aminosulfonylation of Alkenes Enabled by Photoinduced Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16630-16641. [PMID: 37486736 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
β-(Hetero)arylethylamines are privileged structural motifs found in many high-value organic molecules, including pharmaceuticals and natural products. To construct these important molecular skeletons, previous methods are mainly achieved by amino(hetero)arylation reaction with the aid of transition metals and preactivated substrates. Herein, we report a metal-free and photoinduced intermolecular amino(hetero)arylation reaction for the single-step installation of both (hetero)aryl and iminyl groups across alkenes in an efficient and regioselective manner. This method shows broad scope (up to 124 examples) and excellent tolerance of various olefins─from the simplest ethylene to complex multisubstituted alkenes can all participate in the reaction. Furthermore, aminosulfonylation of alkenes can be also conducted in the presence of sodium bisulfite as the SO2 source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Kuan Qi
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Meng-Jie Zheng
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yating Zhao
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
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31
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Sang JW, Du P, Xia D, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhang WD. EnT-Mediated Amino-Sulfonylation of Alkenes with Bifunctional Sulfonamides: Access to β-Amino Sulfone Derivatives. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301392. [PMID: 37218305 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
β-Amino sulfones are commonly found structural motifs in biologically active compounds. Herein, we report a direct photocatalyzed amino-sulfonylation reaction of alkenes for the efficicient production of important compounds by simple hydrolysis without the need for additional oxidants and reductants. In this transformation, the sulfonamides worked as bifunctional reagents, simultaneously generating sulfonyl radicals and N-centered radicals which were added to alkene in a highly atom-economical fashion with high regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. This approach showed high functional group tolerance and compatibility, facilitating the late-stage modification of some bioactive alkenes and sulfonamide molecules, thereby expanding the biologically relevant chemical space. Scaling up this reaction led to an efficient green synthesis of apremilast, one of the best-selling pharmceuticals, demonstrating the synthetic utility of the applied method. Moreover, mechanistic investigations suggest that an energy transfer (EnT) process was in operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wei Sang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Peiyu Du
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Dingding Xia
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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32
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Bhattacharya T, Baroliya PK, Al-Thabaiti SA, Maiti D. Simplifying the Synthesis of Nonproteinogenic Amino Acids via Palladium-Catalyzed δ-Methyl C-H Olefination of Aliphatic Amines and Amino Acids. JACS AU 2023; 3:1975-1983. [PMID: 37502162 PMCID: PMC10369672 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed directing group assisted C-H functionalizations provide a straightforward access to a wide variety of nonproteinogenic amino acids. While altering the side chain of an existing natural amino acids is one way, introducing a functional group to an aliphatic amine to synthesize versatile unnatural amino acids is another exciting avenue. In this work, we explore both the possibilities by the palladium-catalyzed δ-C(sp3)-H olefination of aliphatic amines and amino acids. A diverse substrate scope including sequential difunctionalizations followed by post synthetic transformations were achieved to understand the applicability of the current protocol. An in-depth mechanistic study was carried out to learn the mode of the reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Bhattacharya
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Baroliya
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, India
| | - Shaeel A. Al-Thabaiti
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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33
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Gao C, Zeng J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhan ZP. A Photosensitizer for N-O Bond Activation: 2,7-Br-4CzIPN-Catalyzed Difunctionalization of Alkenes with Oxime Esters. Org Lett 2023; 25:3146-3151. [PMID: 37083314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
We developed 2,4,5,6-tetrakis(2,7-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)isophthalonitrile (2,7-Br-4CzIPN) as a new photosensitizer for the energy-transfer-driven N-O bond dissociation of oxime esters. In the presence of 2,7-Br-4CzIPN, difunctionalization of alkenes with oxime esters, including oxyimination, aminocarboxylation, and amidylimination, could afford a variety of versatile molecules in good yields with excellent regioselectivity, which widely occur in natural products and drugs. Our theoretical investigations and experiments have demonstrated that 2,7-Br-4CzIPN has unique photophysical properties, favorable triplet energy, and excellent photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang-Ping Zhan
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
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34
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Holst DE, Dorval C, Winter CK, Guzei IA, Wickens ZK. Regiospecific Alkene Aminofunctionalization via an Electrogenerated Dielectrophile. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37023348 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Modular strategies to rapidly increase molecular complexity have proven immensely synthetically valuable. In principle, transformation of an alkene into a dielectrophile presents an opportunity to deliver two unique nucleophiles across an alkene. Unfortunately, the selectivity profiles of known dielectrophiles have largely precluded this deceptively simple synthetic approach. Herein, we demonstrate that dicationic adducts generated through electrolysis of alkenes and thianthrene possess a unique selectivity profile relative to more conventional dielectrophiles. Specifically, these species undergo a single and perfectly regioselective substitution reaction with phthalimide salts. This observation unlocks an appealing new platform for aminofunctionalization reactions. As an illustrative example, we implement this new reactivity paradigm to address a longstanding synthetic challenge: alkene diamination with two distinct nitrogen nucleophiles. Studies into the mechanism of this process reveal a key alkenyl thianthrenium salt intermediate that controls the exquisite regioselectivity of the process and highlight the importance of proton sources in controlling the reactivity of alkenyl sulfonium salt electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan E Holst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Céline Dorval
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Casey K Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zachary K Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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35
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Zhu K, Ma Y, Wu Z, Wu J, Lu Y. Energy-Transfer-Enabled Regioconvergent Alkylation of Azlactones via Photocatalytic Radical–Radical Coupling. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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36
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Lei J, Li M, Zhang Q, Liu S, Li H, Shi L, Jiang WF, Duan C, Jin Y. Visible-Light-Induced Radical Cascade Cross-Coupling via C(sp 3)-H Activation and C-N/N-O Cleavage: Feasible Access to Methylenebisamide Derivatives. Org Lett 2023; 25:2300-2305. [PMID: 36972412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Here we report facile and manipulable access to methylenebisamide derivatives via visible-light-driven radical cascade processes incorporating C(sp3)-H activation and C-N/N-O cleavage. Mechanistic studies reveal that a traditional Ir-catalyzed photoredox pathway and a novel copper-induced complex-photolysis pathway are both involved, contributing to activating the inert N-methoxyamides and rendering the valuable bisamides. This approach exhibits many advantages, including mild reaction conditions, broad scope and functional group tolerance, and competitive step economy. Given the mechanistic plenitude and operational simplicity, we believe this package deal paves a promising way for the synthesis of valuable nitrogen-containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglan Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Experiment Center of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Min Li
- Experiment Center of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Haifang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wen-Feng Jiang
- Experiment Center of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yunhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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37
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Wang L, Yu Y, Deng L, Du K. Photochemical and Atom-Economical Sulfonylimination of Alkenes with Bifunctional N-Sulfonyl Ketimine. Org Lett 2023; 25:2349-2354. [PMID: 36972414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
An organo-photocatalytic sulfonylimination of alkenes was developed by employing readily available N-sulfonyl ketimines as bifunctional reagents. This transformation, featuring prominent functional group tolerance, provides a direct and atom-economic approach for the synthesis of valuable β-amino sulfone derivatives as a single regioisomer. In addition to terminal alkenes, internal alkenes participate in this reaction with high diastereoselectivity. N-Sulfonyl ketimines with aryl or alkyl substituents were found to be compatible with this reaction condition. This method could be applied in the late-stage modifications of drugs. Additionally, a formal insertion of alkene into cyclic sulfonyl imine was observed, affording a ring expansion product.
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38
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Chen JQ, Luo X, Chen M, Chen Y, Wu J. Visible-Light-Induced 1,7-Enyne Dicyclization: Synthesis of Ester-Substituted Benzo[ j]phenanthridines. Org Lett 2023; 25:1978-1983. [PMID: 36912498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel alkoxycarbonyl-radical-triggered cascade cyclization of 1,7-enynes, with alkyloxalyl chlorides as the ester units, for the synthesis of benzo[j]phenanthridines is described. The reaction conditions exhibit excellent compatibility with a broad range of alkoxycarbonyl radical sources and realize the installation of an ester group in the polycyclic compound. This radical cascade cyclization reaction features excellent functional group tolerance, mild reaction conditions, and good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Xiangxiang Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
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39
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Zheng Y, Liao Z, Xie Z, Chen H, Chen K, Xiang H, Yang H. Photochemical Alkene Trifluoromethylimination Enabled by Trifluoromethylsulfonylamide as a Bifunctional Reagent. Org Lett 2023; 25:2129-2133. [PMID: 36943094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a facile and versatile trifluoromethylimination of alkene with a rationally designed N-(diphenylmethylene)-1,1,1-trifluoromethanesulfonamide as a bench-stable and readily accessible carboamination reagent. Enabled by an energy transfer (EnT) process, an array of alkenes were able to be facilely CF3-iminated under metal-free photocatalytic conditions. The mild reaction conditions and good functional group compatibility render this protocol highly valuable for the difunctionalization of olefins with structural complexity and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Liao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Haoyue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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40
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Luo XL, Li SS, Jiang YS, Liu F, Li SH, Xia PJ. Photocatalytic 1,2-Iminosulfonylation and Remote 1,6-Iminosulfonylation of Olefins. Org Lett 2023; 25:1742-1747. [PMID: 36883883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
A new class of iminosulfonylation reagents were developed and extensively used in the 1,2-iminosulfonylation of various olefins. Olefins containing bioactive molecules, such as indomethacin, gemfibrozil, clofibrate, and fenbufen, afforded the desired iminosulfonylation products in synthetically useful yields. Furthermore, the first remote 1,6-iminosulfonylation of alkenes was realized by using oxime ester bifunctionalization reagents. Overall, more than 40 structurally diverse β-imine sulfones were obtained in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Shi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Fu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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41
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Yuan CP, Zheng Y, Xie ZZ, Deng KY, Chen HB, Xiang HY, Chen K, Yang H. Photosensitized Vicinal Sulfonylamination of Alkenes with Oxime Ester and DABCO·(SO 2) 2. Org Lett 2023; 25:1782-1786. [PMID: 36884012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free photosensitized three-component reaction of oxime esters, alkenes, and DABCO·(SO2)2 was developed. This protocol could accommodate a wide substrate scope, including activated and unactivated alkenes and aryl and aliphatic carboxylic acid oxime esters, delivering a broad range of β-amino sulfones in moderate to high yields. The insertion of SO2 as a linker moiety allows the manipulation of the functionality in the reaction process, expanding the utility of oxime esters as bifunctional reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Ping Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Yi Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China.,Jiangxi Time Chemical Company, Ltd., Fuzhou, Fujian 344800, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
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42
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Li SS, Jiang YS, Luo XL, Pan CX, Xia PJ. Photoinduced Remote C(sp 3)-H Imination Enabled by Vinyl Radical-Mediated 1,5-Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Org Lett 2023; 25:1595-1599. [PMID: 36826423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
A vinyl radical-mediated 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer strategy for remote C(sp3)-H imination under visible-light-induced photochemical metal-free conditions afforded diverse γ-imino alkenes with excellent stereoselectivity. Oxime ester-based bifunctional reagents provided not only nucleophilic alkyl radicals for radical addition reactions with electron-deficient alkynes but also long-lived steady-state imine radicals for trapping alkyl radicals following the intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen migration of unstable olefin radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Shi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Xue Pan
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
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43
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Tan G, Paulus F, Petti A, Wiethoff MA, Lauer A, Daniliuc C, Glorius F. Metal-free photosensitized radical relay 1,4-carboimination across two distinct olefins. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2447-2454. [PMID: 36873844 PMCID: PMC9977457 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermolecular carboamination of olefins offers a powerful platform for the rapid construction of structurally complex amines from abundant feedstocks. However, these reactions often require transition-metal catalysis, and are mainly limited to 1,2-carboamination. Herein, we report a novel radical relay 1,4-carboimination across two distinct olefins with alkyl carboxylic acid-derived bifunctional oxime esters via energy transfer catalysis. The reaction is highly chemo- and regioselective, and multiple C-C and C-N bonds were formed in a single orchestrated operation. This mild and metal-free method features a remarkably broad substrate scope with excellent tolerance of sensitive functional groups, therefore providing easy access to structurally diverse 1,4-carboiminated products. Moreover, the obtained imines could be easily converted into valuable biologically relevant free γ-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Tan
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Fritz Paulus
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alessia Petti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Maxim-Aleksa Wiethoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Anna Lauer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
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44
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Dearomative triple elementalization of quinolines driven by visible light. Nat Commun 2023; 14:652. [PMID: 36746969 PMCID: PMC9902486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoboron and organosilicon compounds are used not only as synthetic building blocks but also as functional materials and pharmaceuticals, and compounds with multiple boryl and silyl groups are beginning to be used for these purposes. Especially in drug discovery, methodology providing easy stereoselective access to aliphatic nitrogen heterocycles bearing multiple boryl or silyl groups from readily available aromatic nitrogen heterocycles would be attractive. However, such transformations remain challenging, and available reactions have been mostly limited to dearomative hydroboration or hydrosilylation reactions. Here, we report the dearomative triple elementalization (carbo-sila-boration) of quinolines via the addition of organolithium followed by photo-boosted silaboration, affording the desired products with complete chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. The reaction proceeds via the formation of silyl radicals instead of silyl anions. We also present preliminary studies to illustrate the potential of silaboration products as synthetic platforms.
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45
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Mangaonkar SR, Hayashi H, Takano H, Kanna W, Maeda S, Mita T. Photoredox/HAT-Catalyzed Dearomative Nucleophilic Addition of the CO 2 Radical Anion to (Hetero)Aromatics. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeesh R. Mangaonkar
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takano
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Wataru Kanna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Mita
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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46
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Erchinger JE, Hoogesteger R, Laskar R, Dutta S, Hümpel C, Rana D, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. EnT-Mediated N-S Bond Homolysis of a Bifunctional Reagent Leading to Aliphatic Sulfonyl Fluorides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2364-2374. [PMID: 36652725 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) gives rise to a plethora of high-valent sulfur linkages; however, the availability of (aliphatic) sulfonyl fluoride manifolds lag behind, owing to the limited sources of introducing the SO2F moiety via a classical two-electron approach. Recently, radical-based methodologies have emerged as a complementary strategy to increase the diversity of accessible click partners. In this work, synthesis of a bench-stable sulfamoyl fluoride reagent is presented, which may undergo sigma-bond homolysis upon visible-light-induced sensitization to form protected β-amino sulfonyl fluorides from alkene feedstocks. Notably, this offers an appealing strategy to access various building blocks for peptido sulfonyl fluorides, relevant in a medicinal chemistry context, as well as an intriguing entry to β-ammonium sulfonates and β-sultams, from alkenes. Densely functionalized 1,3-sultones were obtained by employing allyl alcohols as substrates. Surprisingly, allyl chloride-derived β-imino sulfonyl fluoride underwent S-O bond formation and ring closure to yield rigid cyclopropyl β-imino sulfonate ester under SuFEx conditions. Furthermore, by engaging a thiol-based hydrogen atom donor in the reaction, the reactivity of the same reagent can be tuned toward the direct synthesis of aliphatic sulfonyl fluorides. Mechanistic experiments indicate an energy transfer (EnT)-mediated process. The transient sulfonyl fluoride radical adds to the alkene and product formation occurs upon either radical-radical coupling or hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes E Erchinger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Reece Hoogesteger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ranjini Laskar
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Subhabrata Dutta
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Carla Hümpel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Debanjan Rana
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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47
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Lamartina CW, Chartier CA, Lee S, Shah NH, Rovis T. Modular Synthesis of Unnatural Peptides via Rh(III)-Catalyzed Diastereoselective Three-Component Carboamidation Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1129-1135. [PMID: 36576945 PMCID: PMC10580301 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a modular peptide ligation methodology that couples dioxazolones, arylboronic acids, and acrylamides to construct amide bonds in a diastereoselective manner under mild conditions, facilitated by Rh(III) catalysis. By converting the C-terminus of one peptide into a dioxazolone and the N-terminus of a second peptide into an acrylamide, the two pieces can be bridged by an arylboronic acid to construct unnatural phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan residues at the junction point with diastereoselectivity for their corresponding d-stereocenters. The reaction exhibits excellent functional group tolerance with a large substrate scope and is compatible with a wide array of protected amino acid residues that are utilized in Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis. The methodology is applied to the synthesis of six diastereomeric proteasome inhibitor analogs, as well as the ligation of two 10-mer oligopeptides to construct a 21-mer polypeptide with an unnatural phenylalanine residue at the center.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cassandra A. Chartier
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sumin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Neel H. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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48
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Pulcinella A, Bonciolini S, Lukas F, Sorato A, Noël T. Photocatalytic Alkylation of C(sp 3 )-H Bonds Using Sulfonylhydrazones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215374. [PMID: 36394188 PMCID: PMC10108173 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability to construct C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) bonds from easily accessible reagents is a crucial, yet challenging endeavor for synthetic organic chemists. Herein, we report the realization of such a cross-coupling reaction, which combines N-sulfonyl hydrazones and C(sp3 )-H donors through a diarylketone-enabled photocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer and a subsequent fragmentation of the obtained alkylated hydrazide. This mild and metal-free protocol was employed to prepare a wide array of alkyl-alkyl cross-coupled products and is tolerant of a variety of functional groups. The application of this chemistry further provides a preparatively useful route to various medicinally-relevant compounds, such as homobenzylic ethers, aryl ethyl amines, β-amino acids and other moieties which are commonly encountered in approved pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pulcinella
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Bonciolini
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Lukas
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Sorato
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Tan G, Paulus F, Rentería-Gómez Á, Lalisse RF, Daniliuc CG, Gutierrez O, Glorius F. Highly Selective Radical Relay 1,4-Oxyimination of Two Electronically Differentiated Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21664-21673. [PMID: 36383483 PMCID: PMC10242452 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Radical addition reactions of olefins have emerged as an attractive tool for the rapid assembly of complex structures, and have plentiful applications in organic synthesis, however, such reactions are often limited to polymerization or 1,2-difunctionalization. Herein, we disclose an unprecedented radical relay 1,4-oxyimination of two electronically differentiated olefins with a class of bifunctional oxime carbonate reagents via an energy transfer strategy. The protocol is highly chemo- and regioselective, and three different chemical bonds (C-O, C-C, and C-N bonds) were formed in a single operation in an orchestrated manner. Notably, this reaction provides rapid access to a large variety of structurally diverse 1,4-oxyimination products, and the obtained products could be easily converted into valuable biologically relevant δ-hydroxyl-α-amino acids. With a combination of experimental and theoretical methods, the mechanism for this 1,4-oxyimination reaction has been investigated. Theoretical calculations reveal that a radical chain mechanism might operate in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Tan
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Fritz Paulus
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Ángel Rentería-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Remy F Lalisse
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
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50
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Jiang YS, Liu F, Huang MS, Luo XL, Xia PJ. Photocatalytic Modular Cyanoalkylamination of Alkenes Involving Two Different Iminyl Radicals. Org Lett 2022; 24:8019-8024. [PMID: 36264241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The modular cyanoalkylamination of alkenes using bench-stable and easy-to-handle α-imino-oxy acid oxime esters as difunctional reagents creates new synthetic avenues. A metal-free photosensitization protocol for the installation of both amino and cyanoalkyl functionalities onto alkene feedstocks in a single step via two differently reactive nitrogen-centered radicals was developed via energy-transfer catalysis. Excellent functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions also render this protocol suitable for the cyanoalkylamination of pharmaceutically relevant molecule-derived alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Fu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Miao-Sha Huang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
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