1
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Ning A, Shen J, Zhao B, Wang S, Cai R, Jiang J, Yan C, Fu X, Zhang Y, Li J, Ouyang D, Sun Y, Saiz-Lopez A, Francisco JS, Zhang X. Overlooked significance of iodic acid in new particle formation in the continental atmosphere. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2404595121. [PMID: 39047040 PMCID: PMC11295062 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404595121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF) substantially affects the global radiation balance and climate. Iodic acid (IA) is a key marine NPF driver that recently has also been detected inland. However, its impact on continental particle nucleation remains unclear. Here, we provide molecular-level evidence that IA greatly facilitates clustering of two typical land-based nucleating precursors: dimethylamine (DMA) and sulfuric acid (SA), thereby enhancing particle nucleation. Incorporating this mechanism into an atmospheric chemical transport model, we show that IA-induced enhancement could realize an increase of over 20% in the SA-DMA nucleation rate in iodine-rich regions of China. With declining anthropogenic pollution driven by carbon neutrality and clean air policies in China, IA could enhance nucleation rates by 1.5 to 50 times by 2060. Our results demonstrate the overlooked key role of IA in continental NPF nucleation and highlight the necessity for considering synergistic SA-IA-DMA nucleation in atmospheric modeling for correct representation of the climatic impacts of aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Ning
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
| | - Jiewen Shen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing100084, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing100084, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing100084, China
| | - Runlong Cai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing100084, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Science, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Yunhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
| | - Daiwei Ouyang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing100084, China
| | - Yisheng Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing100084, China
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Blas Cabrera, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid28006, Spain
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104-6316
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104-6316
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
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2
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Engsvang M, Wu H, Elm J. Iodine Clusters in the Atmosphere I: Computational Benchmark and Dimer Formation of Oxyacids and Oxides. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:31521-31532. [PMID: 39072118 PMCID: PMC11270685 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The contribution of iodine-containing compounds to atmospheric new particle formation is still not fully understood, but iodic acid and iodous acid are thought to be significant contributors. While several quantum chemical studies have been carried out on clusters containing iodine, there is no comprehensive benchmark study quantifying the accuracy of the applied methods. Here, we present the first study in a series that investigate the role of iodine species in atmospheric cluster formation. In this work, we have studied the iodic acid, iodous acid, iodine tetroxide, and iodine pentoxide monomers and their dimers formed with common atmospheric precursors. We have tested the accuracy of commonly applied methods for calculating the geometry of the monomers, thermal corrections of monomers and dimers, the contribution of spin-orbit coupling to monomers and dimers, and finally, the accuracy of the electronic energy correction calculated at different levels of theory. We find that optimizing the structures either at the ωB97X-D3BJ/aug-cc-pVTZ-PP or the M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ-PP level achieves the best thermal contribution to the binding free energy. The electronic energy correction can then be calculated at the ZORA-DLPNO-CCSD(T0) level with the SARC-ZORA-TZVPP basis for iodine and ma-ZORA-def2-TZVPP for non-iodine atoms. We applied this methodology to calculate the binding free energies of iodine-containing dimer clusters, where we confirm the qualitative trends observed in previous studies. However, we identify that previous studies overestimate the stability of the clusters by several kcal/mol due to the neglect of relativistic effects. This means that their contributions to the currently studied nucleation pathways of new particle formation are likely overestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Engsvang
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Haide Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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3
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Zhao B, Donahue NM, Zhang K, Mao L, Shrivastava M, Ma PL, Shen J, Wang S, Sun J, Gordon H, Tang S, Fast J, Wang M, Gao Y, Yan C, Singh B, Li Z, Huang L, Lou S, Lin G, Wang H, Jiang J, Ding A, Nie W, Qi X, Chi X, Wang L. Global variability in atmospheric new particle formation mechanisms. Nature 2024; 631:98-105. [PMID: 38867037 PMCID: PMC11222162 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
A key challenge in aerosol pollution studies and climate change assessment is to understand how atmospheric aerosol particles are initially formed1,2. Although new particle formation (NPF) mechanisms have been described at specific sites3-6, in most regions, such mechanisms remain uncertain to a large extent because of the limited ability of atmospheric models to simulate critical NPF processes1,7. Here we synthesize molecular-level experiments to develop comprehensive representations of 11 NPF mechanisms and the complex chemical transformation of precursor gases in a fully coupled global climate model. Combined simulations and observations show that the dominant NPF mechanisms are distinct worldwide and vary with region and altitude. Previously neglected or underrepresented mechanisms involving organics, amines, iodine oxoacids and HNO3 probably dominate NPF in most regions with high concentrations of aerosols or large aerosol radiative forcing; such regions include oceanic and human-polluted continental boundary layers, as well as the upper troposphere over rainforests and Asian monsoon regions. These underrepresented mechanisms also play notable roles in other areas, such as the upper troposphere of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Accordingly, NPF accounts for different fractions (10-80%) of the nuclei on which cloud forms at 0.5% supersaturation over various regions in the lower troposphere. The comprehensive simulation of global NPF mechanisms can help improve estimation and source attribution of the climate effects of aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, China.
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - Neil M Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Lizhuo Mao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Po-Lun Ma
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jiewen Shen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Hamish Gordon
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shuaiqi Tang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jerome Fast
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Zeqi Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lyuyin Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Lou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangxing Lin
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, China
| | - Aijun Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ximeng Qi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuguang Chi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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4
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de Jonge RW, Xavier C, Olenius T, Elm J, Svenhag C, Hyttinen N, Nieradzik L, Sarnela N, Kristensson A, Petäjä T, Ehn M, Roldin P. Natural Marine Precursors Boost Continental New Particle Formation and Production of Cloud Condensation Nuclei. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10956-10968. [PMID: 38868859 PMCID: PMC11210206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Marine dimethyl sulfide (DMS) emissions are the dominant source of natural sulfur in the atmosphere. DMS oxidizes to produce low-volatility acids that potentially nucleate to form particles that may grow into climatically important cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). In this work, we utilize the chemistry transport model ADCHEM to demonstrate that DMS emissions are likely to contribute to the majority of CCN during the biological active period (May-August) at three different forest stations in the Nordic countries. DMS increases CCN concentrations by forming nucleation and Aitken mode particles over the ocean and land, which eventually grow into the accumulation mode by condensation of low-volatility organic compounds from continental vegetation. Our findings provide a new understanding of the exchange of marine precursors between the ocean and land, highlighting their influence as one of the dominant sources of CCN particles over the boreal forest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlton Xavier
- Department
of Physics, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, Lund SE-22363, Sweden
- Swedish
Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Norrköping SE-60176, Sweden
| | - Tinja Olenius
- Swedish
Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Norrköping SE-60176, Sweden
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Carl Svenhag
- Department
of Physics, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, Lund SE-22363, Sweden
| | - Noora Hyttinen
- Finnish
Meteorological Institute, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - Lars Nieradzik
- Department
of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund SE-22362, Sweden
| | - Nina Sarnela
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Adam Kristensson
- Department
of Physics, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, Lund SE-22363, Sweden
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing CN-210023, China
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Pontus Roldin
- Department
of Physics, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, Lund SE-22363, Sweden
- Swedish
Environmental Research Institute IVL, Malmö SE-21119, Sweden
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5
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Vidović K, Hočevar S, Grgić I, Metarapi D, Dominović I, Mifka B, Gregorič A, Alfoldy B, Ciglenečki I. Do bromine and surface-active substances influence the coastal atmospheric particle growth? Heliyon 2024; 10:e31632. [PMID: 38828296 PMCID: PMC11140702 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF) is considered a major source of aerosol particles and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN); however, our understanding of NPF and the subsequent particle growth mechanisms in coastal areas remains limited. This study provides evidence of frequent NPF events followed by particle growth in the middle Adriatic Sea during the summer months at the coastal station of Rogoznica in Croatia. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report such events in this region. Our research aims to improve the understanding of NPF by investigating particle growth through detailed physicochemical characterization and event classification. We used a combination of online measurements and offline particle collection, followed by a thorough chemical analysis. Our results suggest the role of bromine in the particle growth process and provide evidence for its involvement in combination with organic compounds. In addition, we demonstrated the significant influence of surface-active substances (SAS) on particle growth. NPF and particle growth events have been observed in air masses originating from the Adriatic Sea, which can serve as an important source of volatile organic compounds (VOC). Our study shows an intricate interplay between bromine, organic carbon (OC), and SAS in atmospheric particle growth, contributing to a better understanding of coastal NPF processes. In this context, we also introduced a new approach using the semi-empirical 1st derivative method to determine the growth rate for each time point that is not sensitive to the nonlinear behavior of the particle growth over time. We observed that during NPF and particle growth event days, the OC concentration measured in the ultrafine mode particle fraction was higher compared to non-event days. Moreover, in contrast to non-event days, bromine compounds were detected in the ultrafine mode atmospheric particle fraction on nearly all NPF and particle growth event days. Regarding sulfuric acid, the measured sulfate concentration in the ultrafine mode atmospheric particle fraction on both NPF event and non-event days showed no significant differences. This suggests that sulfuric acid may not be the primary factor influencing the appearance of NPF and the particle growth process in the coastal region of Rogoznica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristijan Vidović
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Physical Oceanography Chemistry of Aquatic Systems, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Samo Hočevar
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Grgić
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dino Metarapi
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iva Dominović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Physical Oceanography Chemistry of Aquatic Systems, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Mifka
- Faculty of Physics University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Asta Gregorič
- Aerosol d.o.o., Kamniška 39A, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Nova Gorica, Center for Atmospheric Research, Vipavska 11c, 5270 Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | | | - Irena Ciglenečki
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Physical Oceanography Chemistry of Aquatic Systems, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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6
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Kumar A, Iyer S, Barua S, Brean J, Besic E, Seal P, Dall’Osto M, Beddows DCS, Sarnela N, Jokinen T, Sipilä M, Harrison RM, Rissanen M. Direct Measurements of Covalently Bonded Sulfuric Anhydrides from Gas-Phase Reactions of SO 3 with Acids under Ambient Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15562-15575. [PMID: 38771742 PMCID: PMC11157540 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Sulfur trioxide (SO3) is an important oxide of sulfur and a key intermediate in the formation of sulfuric acid (H2SO4, SA) in the Earth's atmosphere. This conversion to SA occurs rapidly due to the reaction of SO3 with a water dimer. However, gas-phase SO3 has been measured directly at concentrations that are comparable to that of SA under polluted mega-city conditions, indicating gaps in our current understanding of the sources and fates of SO3. Its reaction with atmospheric acids could be one such fate that can have significant implications for atmospheric chemistry. In the present investigation, laboratory experiments were conducted in a flow reactor to generate a range of previously uncharacterized condensable sulfur-containing reaction products by reacting SO3 with a set of atmospherically relevant inorganic and organic acids at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Specifically, key inorganic acids known to be responsible for most ambient new particle formation events, iodic acid (HIO3, IA) and SA, are observed to react promptly with SO3 to form iodic sulfuric anhydride (IO3SO3H, ISA) and disulfuric acid (H2S2O7, DSA). Carboxylic sulfuric anhydrides (CSAs) were observed to form by the reaction of SO3 with C2 and C3 monocarboxylic (acetic and propanoic acid) and dicarboxylic (oxalic and malonic acid)-carboxylic acids. The formed products were detected by a nitrate-ion-based chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer (NO3--CI-APi-TOF; NO3--CIMS). Quantum chemical methods were used to compute the relevant SO3 reaction rate coefficients, probe the reaction mechanisms, and model the ionization chemistry inherent in the detection of the products by NO3--CIMS. Additionally, we use NO3--CIMS ambient data to report that significant concentrations of SO3 and its acid anhydride reaction products are present under polluted, marine and polar, and volcanic plume conditions. Considering that these regions are rich in the acid precursors studied here, the reported reactions need to be accounted for in the modeling of atmospheric new particle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- Aerosol
Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Siddharth Iyer
- Aerosol
Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Shawon Barua
- Aerosol
Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - James Brean
- School
of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - Emin Besic
- Aerosol
Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Prasenjit Seal
- Aerosol
Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Manuel Dall’Osto
- Institute
of Marine Science, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(CSIC), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - David C. S. Beddows
- National
Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental
Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Nina Sarnela
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tuija Jokinen
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Climate &
Atmosphere Research Centre (CARE-C), The
Cyprus Institute, P.O. Box 27456, Nicosia 1645, Cyprus
| | - Mikko Sipilä
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Roy M. Harrison
- School
of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - Matti Rissanen
- Aerosol
Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Rörup B, He XC, Shen J, Baalbaki R, Dada L, Sipilä M, Kirkby J, Kulmala M, Amorim A, Baccarini A, Bell DM, Caudillo-Plath L, Duplissy J, Finkenzeller H, Kürten A, Lamkaddam H, Lee CP, Makhmutov V, Manninen HE, Marie G, Marten R, Mentler B, Onnela A, Philippov M, Scholz CW, Simon M, Stolzenburg D, Tham YJ, Tomé A, Wagner AC, Wang M, Wang D, Wang Y, Weber SK, Zauner-Wieczorek M, Baltensperger U, Curtius J, Donahue NM, El Haddad I, Flagan RC, Hansel A, Möhler O, Petäjä T, Volkamer R, Worsnop D, Lehtipalo K. Temperature, humidity, and ionisation effect of iodine oxoacid nucleation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2024; 4:531-546. [PMID: 38764888 PMCID: PMC11097302 DOI: 10.1039/d4ea00013g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Iodine oxoacids are recognised for their significant contribution to the formation of new particles in marine and polar atmospheres. Nevertheless, to incorporate the iodine oxoacid nucleation mechanism into global simulations, it is essential to comprehend how this mechanism varies under various atmospheric conditions. In this study, we combined measurements from the CLOUD (Cosmic Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber at CERN and simulations with a kinetic model to investigate the impact of temperature, ionisation, and humidity on iodine oxoacid nucleation. Our findings reveal that ion-induced particle formation rates remain largely unaffected by changes in temperature. However, neutral particle formation rates experience a significant increase when the temperature drops from +10 °C to -10 °C. Running the kinetic model with varying ionisation rates demonstrates that the particle formation rate only increases with a higher ionisation rate when the iodic acid concentration exceeds 1.5 × 107 cm-3, a concentration rarely reached in pristine marine atmospheres. Consequently, our simulations suggest that, despite higher ionisation rates, the charged cluster nucleation pathway of iodic acid is unlikely to be enhanced in the upper troposphere by higher ionisation rates. Instead, the neutral nucleation channel is likely to be the dominant channel in that region. Notably, the iodine oxoacid nucleation mechanism remains unaffected by changes in relative humidity from 2% to 80%. However, under unrealistically dry conditions (below 0.008% RH at +10 °C), iodine oxides (I2O4 and I2O5) significantly enhance formation rates. Therefore, we conclude that iodine oxoacid nucleation is the dominant nucleation mechanism for iodine nucleation in the marine and polar boundary layer atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Rörup
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Jiali Shen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Rima Baalbaki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Lubna Dada
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
| | - Mikko Sipilä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- CERN, European Organisation for Nuclear Research Geneva Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | | | - Andrea Baccarini
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - David M Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
| | - Lucía Caudillo-Plath
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder USA
| | - Andreas Kürten
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Houssni Lamkaddam
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
| | - Chuan Ping Lee
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Makhmutov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University Moscow Russia
| | - Hanna E Manninen
- CERN, European Organisation for Nuclear Research Geneva Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Marie
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Ruby Marten
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Mentler
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Antti Onnela
- CERN, European Organisation for Nuclear Research Geneva Switzerland
| | - Maxim Philippov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | | | - Mario Simon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Dominik Stolzenburg
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Institute for Materials Chemistry, TU Wien Vienna Austria
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Yee Jun Tham
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai China
| | - António Tomé
- IDL-UBI, Universidade da Beira Interior Covilhã Portugal
| | - Andrea C Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Aerosol Physics, Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago Chicago USA
| | - Dongyu Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Stefan K Weber
- CERN, European Organisation for Nuclear Research Geneva Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Neil M Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh USA
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
| | - Richard C Flagan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena USA
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Ottmar Möhler
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder USA
| | - Douglas Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute Helsinki Finland
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8
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Xavier C, de jonge RW, Jokinen T, Beck L, Sipilä M, Olenius T, Roldin P. Role of Iodine-Assisted Aerosol Particle Formation in Antarctica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7314-7324. [PMID: 38626432 PMCID: PMC11064213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
New particle formation via the ion-mediated sulfuric acid and ammonia molecular clustering mechanism remains the most widely observed and experimentally verified pathway. Recent laboratory and molecular level observations indicate iodine-driven nucleation as a potentially important source of new particles, especially in coastal areas. In this study, we assess the role of iodine species in particle formation using the best available molecular thermochemistry data and coupled to a detailed 1-d column model which is run along air mass trajectories over the Southern Ocean and the coast of Antarctica. In the air masses traversing the open ocean, ion-mediated SA-NH3 clustering appears insufficient to explain the observed particle size distribution, wherein the simulated Aitken mode is lacking. Including the iodine-assisted particle formation improves the modeled Aitken mode representation with an increase in the number of freshly formed particles. This implies that more particles survive and grow to Aitken mode sizes via condensation of gaseous precursors and heterogeneous reactions. Under certain meteorological conditions, iodine-assisted particle formation can increase cloud condensation nuclei concentrations by 20%-100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlton Xavier
- Department
of Physics, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, Lund SE-22363, Sweden
- Swedish
Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Norrköping SE-60176, Sweden
| | | | - Tuija Jokinen
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Climate
& Atmosphere Research Centre (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, P.O. Box 27456, Nicosia 1645, Cyprus
| | - Lisa Beck
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt
am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Mikko Sipilä
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tinja Olenius
- Swedish
Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Norrköping SE-60176, Sweden
| | - Pontus Roldin
- Department
of Physics, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, Lund SE-22363, Sweden
- Swedish
Environmental Research Institute IVL, Malmö SE-21119, Sweden
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9
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Seki T, Yu CC, Chiang KY, Yu X, Sun S, Bonn M, Nagata Y. Spontaneous Appearance of Triiodide Covering the Topmost Layer of the Iodide Solution Interface Without Photo-Oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:3830-3837. [PMID: 38353041 PMCID: PMC10902846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Ions containing iodine atoms at the vapor-aqueous solution interfaces critically affect aerosol growth and atmospheric chemistry due to their complex chemical nature and multivalency. While the surface propensity of iodide ions has been intensely discussed in the context of the Hofmeister series, the stability of various ions containing iodine atoms at the vapor-water interface has been debated. Here, we combine surface-specific sum-frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to examine the extent to which iodide ions cover the aqueous surface. The SFG probe of the free O-D stretch mode of heavy water indicates that the free O-D group density decreases drastically at the interface when the bulk NaI concentration exceeds ∼2 M. The decrease in the free O-D group density is attributed to the spontaneous appearance of triiodide that covers the topmost interface rather than to the surface adsorption of iodide. This finding demonstrates that iodide is not surface-active, yet the highly surface-active triiodide is generated spontaneously at the water-air interface, even under dark and oxygen-free conditions. Our study provides an important first step toward clarifying iodine chemistry and pathways for aerosol formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takakazu Seki
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Chun-Chieh Yu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kuo-Yang Chiang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Shumei Sun
- Department of Physics, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuki Nagata
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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