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Benvenuto S, Avcin T, Taddio A. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A review. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:2011-2023. [PMID: 38714363 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM To comprehensively review the literature on multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). METHODS Narrative review of relevant studies published between April 2020 and January 2024. RESULTS MIS-C is a SARS-CoV-2-related hyperinflammatory syndrome developing 2-6 weeks after COVID-19 in genetically susceptible individuals. Persisting fever, mucocutaneous manifestations, GI and cardiac involvement, together with lymphopenia and elevated inflammatory and cardiac markers are the main clinical features. It is believed to recognise some pathogenetic and clinical overlap with Kawasaki disease. New case definitions have been proposed after an assessment of the diagnostic performance of existing criteria; epidemiological criterion is however progressively losing its usefulness as the pandemic turns into an endemic and in the areas with the highest rates of COVID-19 vaccination. Current guidelines recommend both intravenous immunoglobulin and glucocorticoids in the first-line immunomodulatory treatment, mainly based on comparative retrospective cohorts; the actual role of biologics remains to be adequately established. Strict follow-up is mandatory, especially for those with severe cardiac involvement, as longitudinal studies evaluate the long-term evolution of cardiac damage. CONCLUSION In this paper, we review the epidemiological, pathogenetic, clinical and prognostic features of MIS-C, and outline the main questions which still remain unanswered after more than 3 years of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tadej Avcin
- Department of Allergology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrea Taddio
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
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Molleri N, Gomes Junior SC, Marano D, Zin A. Adherence of Brazilian Minors to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines after In-Person School Return. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:930. [PMID: 39063506 PMCID: PMC11277094 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21070930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The levels of adequacy of movement behaviors after returning to in-person school activities following the COVID-19 pandemic are not yet well understood. This study aimed to assess the adherence of Brazilian minors to the recommendations of the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (moderate to vigorous physical activity, recreational screen time, and sleep duration), as well as overall adherence to these guidelines, after the relaxation of COVID-19 social isolation measures and the resumption of in-person schooling. A cross-sectional study was conducted with parents or guardians (39 ± 7.8) of minors aged up to 18 years of age (3.8 ± 2.5). A total of 172 individuals responded to the questionnaire. Data were compared with those obtained in the Survey of the Adequacy of Brazilian Children and Adolescents to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. There was an 18.6 percentage decrease (p-value < 0.001) in overall adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines when comparing the periods before the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020) and after the return to in-person schooling (March 2021). The largest percentage drop in adherence between these periods was observed for moderate to vigorous physical activity (27.4%; p-value < 0.001) and the lowest for sleep (10.5%; p-value < 0.001). Adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines did not return to pre-pandemic levels with the resumption of in-person school activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Molleri
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil; (S.C.G.J.); (D.M.); (A.Z.)
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Lytton SD, Ghosh AK. SARS-CoV-2 Variants and COVID-19 in Bangladesh-Lessons Learned. Viruses 2024; 16:1077. [PMID: 39066238 PMCID: PMC11281597 DOI: 10.3390/v16071077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) in Bangladesh is a paradigm for how one of the most densely populated countries in the world, with 1270 people per square kilometer, managed to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic under extraordinary circumstances. This review highlights the SARS-CoV-2 variants in Bangladesh and the timeline of their detection in the context of the global experience with the management of vaccination and natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. The motivation to overcome the COVID-19 vaccine dilemma and track Bangladeshi SARS-CoV-2 sub-variants underscores the potential for a low-income country to excel in international medical science, despite having stressed health care services and limited availability of resources for SARS-CoV-2 testing and gene sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asish Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Virology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
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4
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Oleribe OO, Taylor-Robinson SD, Taylor-Robinson AW. COVID-19 post-pandemic reflections from sub-Saharan Africa: what we know now that we wish we knew then. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2024; 7:100486. [PMID: 38495538 PMCID: PMC10943955 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The commonly heard aphorism about history repeating itself suggests an endless cycle of recurring events. However, George Santayana offered a similar sentiment when he said, "Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it". This emphasises that the responsibility for the recurrence of events lies not with history itself, but with humanity. It underscores that if we desire change, it is our responsibility to initiate it, rather than attributing it to external forces such as fate, luck, or time. With this thought in mind, here we offer a narrative view from sub-Saharan Africa, focusing primarily on our own experiences in Nigeria and Uganda, on what harsh lessons can be learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic regarding emergency preparedness to respond effectively to the next major infectious disease outbreak. Four strategies are suggested, the implementation of which may contribute substantially to safeguarding against an experience similar to the catastrophic public health, social and economic costs borne by African nations during COVID-19 and in its immediate aftermath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obinna O. Oleribe
- Nigerian Institute for Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
- Best Health Consult Limited Liability Company, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Simon D. Taylor-Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda
- Department of Public Health, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Andrew W. Taylor-Robinson
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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5
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Merli M, Costantini A, Tafuri S, Bavaro DF, Minoia C, Meli E, Luminari S, Gini G. Management of vaccinations in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:1617-1634. [PMID: 38532527 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Vaccinations are fundamental tools in preventing infectious diseases, especially in immunocompromised patients like those affected by non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). The COVID-19 pandemic made clinicians increasingly aware of the importance of vaccinations in preventing potential life-threatening SARS-CoV-2-related complications in NHL patients. However, several studies have confirmed a significant reduction in vaccine-induced immune responses after anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment, thus underscoring the need for refined immunization strategies in NHL patients. In this review, we summarize the existing data about COVID-19 and other vaccine's efficacy in patients with NHL and propose multidisciplinary team-based recommendations for the management of vaccines in this specific group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Merli
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Costantini
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche - Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Fiore Bavaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Carla Minoia
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Erika Meli
- Division of Hematology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Luminari
- Hematology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Surgical Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Guido Gini
- Clinic of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Delle Marche - Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Corrao G, Porcu G, Tratsevich A, Cereda D, Pavesi G, Bertolaso G, Franchi M. Estimating All-Cause Deaths Averted in the First Two Years of the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign in Italy. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:413. [PMID: 38675795 PMCID: PMC11055119 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Comparing deaths averted by vaccination campaigns is a crucial public health endeavour. Excess all-cause deaths better reflect the impact of the pandemic than COVID-19 deaths. We used a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous factors model to regress daily all-cause deaths on annual trend, seasonality, and environmental temperature in three Italian regions (Lombardy, Marche and Sicily) from 2015 to 2019. The model was used to forecast excess deaths during the vaccinal period (December 2020-October 2022). We used the prevented fraction to estimate excess deaths observed during the vaccinal campaigns, those which would have occurred without vaccination, and those averted by the campaigns. At the end of the vaccinal period, the Lombardy region proceeded with a more intensive COVID-19 vaccination campaign than other regions (on average, 1.82 doses per resident, versus 1.67 and 1.56 in Marche and Sicily, respectively). A higher prevented fraction of all-cause deaths was consistently found in Lombardy (65% avoided deaths, as opposed to 60% and 58% in Marche and Sicily). Nevertheless, because of a lower excess mortality rate found in Lombardy compared to Marche and Sicily (12, 24 and 23 per 10,000 person-years, respectively), a lower rate of averted deaths was observed (22 avoided deaths per 10,000 person-years, versus 36 and 32 in Marche and Sicily). In Lombardy, early and full implementation of adult COVID-19 vaccination was associated with the largest reduction in all-cause deaths compared to Marche and Sicily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Corrao
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (A.T.); (M.F.)
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Porcu
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (A.T.); (M.F.)
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Specialization School of Health Statistics and Biometrics, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Alina Tratsevich
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (A.T.); (M.F.)
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo Cereda
- Preventive Unit of Welfare Department, Lombardy Region, 20124 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pavesi
- General Directorate of Welfare Department, Lombardy Region, 20124 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Matteo Franchi
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (A.T.); (M.F.)
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
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Attwell K, Wiley K, Leask J, Seale H, Carlson SJ, Cashman P, Karras J, Danchin M, Kaufman J. The collaboration on social science and immunisation (COSSI): Global lessons from a successful Australian research and practice network. Vaccine 2024; 42:1420-1423. [PMID: 38336562 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Attwell
- VaxPol Lab, Political Science and International Relations, School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Kerrie Wiley
- Social and Behavioural Insight in Immunisation Research Group, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney. Edward Ford Building, Fisher Rd, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney. Level 6 Block K Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
| | - Julie Leask
- Social and Behavioural Insight in Immunisation Research Group, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney. Edward Ford Building, Fisher Rd, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney. Level 6 Block K Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
| | - Holly Seale
- School of Population Health, Samuels Building F25, Samuel Terry Ave, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
| | - Samantha J Carlson
- VaxPol Lab, Political Science and International Relations, School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Patrick Cashman
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), Kids Research, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Cnr Hawkesbury Rd & Hainsworth St, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
| | - Joshua Karras
- School of Population Health, Samuels Building F25, Samuel Terry Ave, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
| | - Margie Danchin
- Vaccine Uptake Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Jessica Kaufman
- Vaccine Uptake Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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8
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Ruggeri K, Vanderslott S, Yamada Y, Argyris YA, Većkalov B, Boggio PS, Fallah MP, Stock F, Hertwig R. Behavioural interventions to reduce vaccine hesitancy driven by misinformation on social media. BMJ 2024; 384:e076542. [PMID: 38228339 PMCID: PMC10789192 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-076542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ruggeri
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Samantha Vanderslott
- Vaccines and Society Unit, Oxford Vaccine Group, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Young Anna Argyris
- Department of Media and Information, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Bojana Većkalov
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paulo Sergio Boggio
- Cognitive and Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mosoka P Fallah
- Saving Lives and Livelihoods, Africa Center for Disease Control, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Friederike Stock
- Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Hertwig
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
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Kessy SJ, Wei T, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Alwy Al‐Beity FM, Zhang S, Du J, Cui F, Lu Q. Vaccination willingness, vaccine hesitancy, and estimated coverage of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among healthcare workers in Tanzania: A call for action. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1126. [PMID: 38156379 PMCID: PMC10750438 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global COVID-19 pandemic presented an immense obstacle to public health, with vaccination emerging as a crucial measure to curb transmission. This study aimed to evaluate the willingness, hesitancy, and coverage of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Tanzania and reveal their concerns about SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the reasons that might prevent them from getting vaccinated. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using an anonymous online survey from October to November 2022. The multivariate logistic regression model explored the factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine willingness, hesitancy, and coverage. RESULTS The study included 560 HCWs, with the largest group being doctors (47.9%), followed by nurses (26.9%) and other HCWs (25.2%). A total of 70.5% of HCWs reported being vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. The primary driver for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was collective responsibility. A total of 81.4% of HCWs reported being willing to accept SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, while 62.5% of HCWs reported vaccine hesitancy. HCWs with higher educational qualifications were likelier to take the vaccine, while the respondents aged 18-30 years had the highest SARS-CoV-2 vaccination refusal (71.9%). We also investigated the role of HCWs as a source of information to promote COVID-19 vaccine uptake. 79.4% of HCWs provided information and advice on SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. CONCLUSION To increase vaccine acceptance among HCWs and the general population, targeted messaging is needed to deliver transparent information on vaccine safety, efficacy, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Joseph Kessy
- Department of Laboratory Science and Technology & Vaccine Research CenterSchool of Public Health, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Training DivisionInfection Control African Network (ICAN)Cape TownSouth Africa
| | - Tingting Wei
- Department of Laboratory Science and Technology & Vaccine Research CenterSchool of Public Health, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yiguo Zhou
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wan‐Xue Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fadhlun M. Alwy Al‐Beity
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of MedicineMuhimbili University of Allied Sciences (MUHAS)Dar es SalaamTanzania
| | - Shan‐Shan Zhang
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases GroupPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Juan Du
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases GroupPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- Department of Laboratory Science and Technology & Vaccine Research CenterSchool of Public Health, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases GroupPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of EducationBeijingChina
| | - Qing‐Bin Lu
- Department of Laboratory Science and Technology & Vaccine Research CenterSchool of Public Health, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases GroupPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of EducationBeijingChina
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Attwell
- VaxPolLab, School of Social Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
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