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Wang D, Ding J, Ma Y, Xu C, Li Z, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Di Y, Liu L, Dai X, Zou Y, Kim B, Zhang F, Liu Z, McCulloch I, Lee M, Chang C, Yang X, Wang D, Zhang D, Zhao LD, Di CA, Zhu D. Multi-heterojunctioned plastics with high thermoelectric figure of merit. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07724-2. [PMID: 39048826 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers promise inherently flexible and low-cost thermoelectrics for powering the Internet of Things from waste heat1,2. Their valuable applications, however, have been hitherto hindered by the low dimensionless figure of merit (ZT)3-6. Here we report high-ZT thermoelectric plastics, which were achieved by creating a polymeric multi-heterojunction with periodic dual-heterojunction features, where each period is composed of two polymers with a sub-ten-nanometre layered heterojunction structure and an interpenetrating bulk-heterojunction interface. This geometry produces significantly enhanced interfacial phonon-like scattering while maintaining efficient charge transport. We observed a significant suppression of thermal conductivity by over 60 per cent and an enhanced power factor when compared with individual polymers, resulting in a ZT of up to 1.28 at 368 kelvin. This polymeric thermoelectric performance surpasses that of commercial thermoelectric materials and existing flexible thermoelectric candidates. Importantly, we demonstrated the compatibility of the polymeric multi-heterojunction structure with solution coating techniques for satisfying the demand for large-area plastic thermoelectrics, which paves the way for polymeric multi-heterojunctions towards cost-effective wearable thermoelectric technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamin Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingqiao Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqiu Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liyao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - BongSoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Myeongjae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Dong Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- Tianmushan Laboratory, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chong-An Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Roy R, Stevens KC, Treaster KA, Sumerlin BS, McGaughey AJH, Malen JA, Evans AM. Intrinsically thermally conductive polymers. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:3267-3286. [PMID: 38747574 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01796f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Here, we describe the design features that lead to intrinsically thermally conductive polymers. Though polymers are conventionally assumed to be thermal insulators (<0.3 W m-1 K-1), significant efforts by the thermal transport community have shown that polymers can be intrinsically thermally conductive (>1.0 W m-1 K-1). However, these findings have not yet driven comprehensive synthetic efforts to expose how different macromolecular features impact thermal conductivity. Preliminary theoretical and experimental investigations have revealed that high k polymers can be realized by enhancing the alignment, crystallinity, and intermolecular interactions. While a holistic mechanistic framework does not yet exist for thermal transport in polymeric materials, contemporary literature suggests that phonon-like heat carriers may be operative in macromolecules that meet the abovementioned criteria. In this review, we offer a perspective on how high thermal conductivity polymers can be systematically engineered from this understanding. Reports for several classes of macromolecules, including linear polymers, network polymers, liquid-crystalline polymers, and two-dimensional polymers substantiate the design principles we propose. Throughout this work, we offer opportunities for continued fundamental and technological development of polymers with high thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Roy
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Kaden C Stevens
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Kiana A Treaster
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Alan J H McGaughey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Jonathan A Malen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Austin M Evans
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
- Deparmtent of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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3
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Wu X, Zhou W, Dong H, Ying P, Wang Y, Song B, Fan Z, Xiong S. Correcting force error-induced underestimation of lattice thermal conductivity in machine learning molecular dynamics. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:014103. [PMID: 38949595 DOI: 10.1063/5.0213811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Machine learned potentials (MLPs) have been widely employed in molecular dynamics simulations to study thermal transport. However, the literature results indicate that MLPs generally underestimate the lattice thermal conductivity (LTC) of typical solids. Here, we quantitatively analyze this underestimation in the context of the neuroevolution potential (NEP), which is a representative MLP that balances efficiency and accuracy. Taking crystalline silicon, gallium arsenide, graphene, and lead telluride as examples, we reveal that the fitting errors in the machine-learned forces against the reference ones are responsible for the underestimated LTC as they constitute external perturbations to the interatomic forces. Since the force errors of a NEP model and the random forces in the Langevin thermostat both follow a Gaussian distribution, we propose an approach to correcting the LTC by intentionally introducing different levels of force noises via the Langevin thermostat and then extrapolating to the limit of zero force error. Excellent agreement with experiments is obtained by using this correction for all the prototypical materials over a wide range of temperatures. Based on spectral analyses, we find that the LTC underestimation mainly arises from increased phonon scatterings in the low-frequency region caused by the random force errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiguang Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjiang Zhou
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Advanced Engineering, Great Bay University, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Haikuan Dong
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Penghua Ying
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yanzhou Wang
- MSP Group, QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto Espoo, Finland
| | - Bai Song
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced MicroNanoManufacture Technology, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zheyong Fan
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Shiyun Xiong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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4
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Shen K, Yang Q, Qiu P, Zhou Z, Yang S, Wei TR, Shi X. Ductile P-Type AgCu(Se,S,Te) Thermoelectric Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2407424. [PMID: 38967315 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Ductile inorganic thermoelectric (TE) materials open a new approach to develop high-performance flexible TE devices. N-type Ag2(S,Se,Te) and p-type AgCu(Se,S,Te) pseudoternary solid solutions are two typical categories of ductile inorganic TE materials reported so far. Comparing with the Ag2(S,Se,Te) pseudoternary solid solutions, the phase composition, crystal structure, and physical properties of AgCu(Se,S,Te) pseudoternary solid solutions are more complex, but their relationships are still ambiguous now. In this work, via systematically investigating the phase composition, crystal structure, mechanical, and TE properties of about 60 AgCu(Se,S,Te) pseudoternary solid solutions, the comprehensive composition-structure-property phase diagrams of the AgCuSe-AgCuS-AgCuTe pseudoternary system is constructed. By mapping the complex phases, the "ductile-brittle" and "n-p" transition boundaries are determined and the composition ranges with high TE performance and inherent ductility are illustrated. On this basis, high performance p-type ductile TE materials are obtained, with a maximum zT of 0.81 at 340 K. Finally, flexible in-plane TE devices are prepared by using the AgCu(Se,S,Te)-based ductile TE materials, showing high output performance that is superior to those of organic and inorganic-organic hybrid flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shiqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Tian-Ran Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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5
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Hartquist CM, Li B, Zhang JH, Yu Z, Lv G, Shin J, Boriskina SV, Chen G, Zhao X, Lin S. Reversible two-way tuning of thermal conductivity in an end-linked star-shaped thermoset. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5590. [PMID: 38961059 PMCID: PMC11222444 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymeric thermal switches that can reversibly tune and significantly enhance their thermal conductivities are desirable for diverse applications in electronics, aerospace, automotives, and medicine; however, they are rarely achieved. Here, we report a polymer-based thermal switch consisting of an end-linked star-shaped thermoset with two independent thermal conductivity tuning mechanisms-strain and temperature modulation-that rapidly, reversibly, and cyclically modulate thermal conductivity. The end-linked star-shaped thermoset exhibits a strain-modulated thermal conductivity enhancement up to 11.5 at a fixed temperature of 60 °C (increasing from 0.15 to 2.1 W m-1 K-1). Additionally, it demonstrates a temperature-modulated thermal conductivity tuning ratio up to 2.3 at a fixed stretch of 2.5 (increasing from 0.17 to 0.39 W m-1 K-1). When combined, these two effects collectively enable the end-linked star-shaped thermoset to achieve a thermal conductivity tuning ratio up to 14.2. Moreover, the end-linked star-shaped thermoset demonstrates reversible tuning for over 1000 cycles. The reversible two-way tuning of thermal conductivity is attributed to the synergy of aligned amorphous chains, oriented crystalline domains, and increased crystallinity by elastically deforming the end-linked star-shaped thermoset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase M Hartquist
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Buxuan Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James H Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhaohan Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Guangxin Lv
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jungwoo Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Svetlana V Boriskina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Shaoting Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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6
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Xu M, Li D, Feng Y, Yuan Y, Wu Y, Zhao H, Kumar RV, Feng G, Xi K. Microporous Materials in Polymer Electrolytes: The Merit of Order. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2405079. [PMID: 38922998 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state batteries (SSBs) have garnered significant attention in the critical field of sustainable energy storage due to their potential benefits in safety, energy density, and cycle life. The large-scale, cost-effective production of SSBs necessitates the development of high-performance solid-state electrolytes. However, the manufacturing of SSBs relies heavily on the advancement of suitable solid-state electrolytes. Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs), which combine the advantages of ordered microporous materials (OMMs) and polymer electrolytes, meet the requirements for high ionic conductivity/transference number, stability with respect to electrodes, compatibility with established manufacturing processes, and cost-effectiveness, making them particularly well-suited for mass production of SSBs. This review delineates how structural ordering dictates the fundamental physicochemical properties of OMMs, including ion transport, thermal transfer, and mechanical stability. The applications of prominent OMMs are critically examined, such as metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and zeolites, in CPEs, highlighting how structural ordering facilitates the fulfillment of property requirements. Finally, an outlook on the field is provided, exploring how the properties of CPEs can be enhanced through the dimensional design of OMMs, and the importance of uncovering the underlying "feature-function" mechanisms of various CPE types is underscored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Danyang Li
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yuhe Feng
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yutong Wu
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hongyang Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - R Vasant Kumar
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Guodong Feng
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xi
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
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Bian Z, Yoshimura M, Jeong A, Li H, Endo T, Matsuo Y, Magari Y, Tanaka H, Ohta H. Solid-State Electrochemical Thermal Switches with Large Thermal Conductivity Switching Widths. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401331. [PMID: 38923788 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Thermal switches that switch the thermal conductivity (κ) of the active layers are attracting increasing attention as thermal management devices. For electrochemical thermal switches, several transition metal oxides (TMOs) are proposed as active layers. After electrochemical redox treatment, the crystal structure of the TMO is modulated, which results in the κ switching. However, the κ switching width is still small (<4 W m-1 K-1). In this study, it demonstrates that LaNiOx-based solid-state electrochemical thermal switches have a κ switching width of 4.3 W m-1 K-1. Fully oxidized LaNiO3 (on state) has a κ of 6.0 W m-1 K-1 due to the large contribution of electron thermal conductivity (κele, 3.1 W m-1 K-1). In contrast, reduced LaNiO2.72 (off state) has a κ of 1.7 W m-1 K-1 because the phonons are scattered by the oxygen vacancies. The LaNiOx-based electrochemical thermal switch is cyclable of κ and the crystalline lattice of LaNiOx. This electrochemical thermal switch may be a promising platform for next-generation devices such as thermal displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Bian
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N14W9, Kita, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N14W9, Kita, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan
| | - Ahrong Jeong
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Haobo Li
- SANKEN Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Endo
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Matsuo
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yusaku Magari
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tanaka
- SANKEN Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ohta
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
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8
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Wan X, Pan D, Zong Z, Qin Y, Lü JT, Volz S, Zhang L, Yang N. Modulating Thermal Conductivity via Targeted Phonon Excitation. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6889-6896. [PMID: 38739156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Thermal conductivity is a critical material property in numerous applications, such as those related to thermoelectric devices and heat dissipation. Effectively modulating thermal conductivity has become a great concern in the field of heat conduction. Here, a quantum modulation strategy is proposed to modulate the thermal conductivity/heat flux by exciting targeted phonons. It shows that the thermal conductivity of graphene can be tailored in the range of 1559 W m-1 K-1 (decreased to 49%) to 4093 W m-1 K-1 (increased to 128%), compared with the intrinsic value of 3189 W m-1 K-1. The effects are also observed for graphene nanoribbons and bulk silicon. The results are obtained through both density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. This novel modulation strategy may pave the way for quantum heat conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongkai Pan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Zong
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangjun Qin
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Tao Lü
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Sebastian Volz
- LIMMS, CNRS-IIS UMI 2820, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Lifa Zhang
- Phonon Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of NSLSCS, Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science, Institute of Physics Frontiers and Interdisciplinary Sciences, School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuo Yang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, People's Republic of China
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9
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He C, Xu C, Chen C, Tong J, Zhou T, Sun S, Liu Z, Cheng HM, Ren W. Unusually high thermal conductivity in suspended monolayer MoSi 2N 4. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4832. [PMID: 38844447 PMCID: PMC11156898 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional semiconductors with high thermal conductivity and charge carrier mobility are of great importance for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, constrained by the long-held Slack's criteria, the reported two-dimensional semiconductors such as monolayers of MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, WSe2 and black phosphorus suffer from much lower thermal conductivity than silicon (~142 W·m-1·K-1) because of the complex crystal structure, large average atomic mass and relatively weak chemical bonds. Despite the more complex crystal structure, the recently emerging monolayer MoSi2N4 semiconductor has been predicted to have high thermal conductivity and charge carrier mobility simultaneously. In this work, using a noncontact optothermal Raman technique, we experimentally measure a high thermal conductivity of ~173 W·m-1·K-1 at room temperature for suspended monolayer MoSi2N4 grown by chemical vapor deposition. First-principles calculations reveal that such unusually high thermal conductivity benefits from the high Debye temperature and small Grüneisen parameter of MoSi2N4, both of which are strongly dependent on the high Young's modulus induced by the outmost Si-N bilayers. Our study not only establishes monolayer MoSi2N4 as a benchmark 2D semiconductor for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices, but also provides an insight into the design of 2D materials for efficient heat conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjian He
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jinmeng Tong
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Tianya Zhou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Su Sun
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China.
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10
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Geng ZM, Zhang K, Wang M, Zhou J, Cheng Y, Yan XJ, Fan X, Yuan MQ, Deng Y, Lu M, Lu H, Chen YF. Mapping of Long-Wavelength Phonon Contribution in the Thermal Transport of Alloyed Semiconductor Superlattices. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6617-6624. [PMID: 38717095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The mapping of long-wavelength phonons is important to understand and manipulate the thermal transport in multilayered structures, but it remains a long-standing challenge due to the collective behaviors of phonons. In this study, an experimental demonstration of mapping the long-wavelength phonons in an alloyed Al0.1Ga0.9As/Al0.9Ga0.1As superlattice system is reported. Multiple strategies to filter out the short- to mid-wavelength phonons are used. The phonon mean-free-path-dependent thermal transport properties directly demonstrate both the suppression effect of the ErAs nanoislands and the contribution of long-wavelength phonons. The contribution from phonons with mean free path longer than 1 μm is clearly demonstrated. A model based on the Boltzmann transport equation is proposed to calculate and describe the thermal transport properties, which depicts a clear physical picture of the transport mechanisms. This method can be extended to map different wavelength phonons and become a universal strategy to explore their thermal transport in various application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ming Geng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kedong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Meiyu Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuanbo Cheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xue-Jun Yan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xing Fan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ming-Qian Yuan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu Deng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Minghui Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hong Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan-Feng Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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11
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Negi A, Yan L, Yang C, Yu Y, Kim D, Mukherjee S, Comstock AH, Raza S, Wang Z, Sun D, Ade H, Tu Q, You W, Liu J. Anomalous Correlation between Thermal Conductivity and Elastic Modulus in Two-Dimensional Hybrid Metal Halide Perovskites. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14218-14230. [PMID: 38787298 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Device-level implementation of soft materials for energy conversion and thermal management demands a comprehensive understanding of their thermal conductivity and elastic modulus to mitigate thermo-mechanical challenges and ensure long-term stability. Thermal conductivity and elastic modulus are usually positively correlated in soft materials, such as amorphous macromolecules, which poses a challenge to discover materials that are either soft and thermally conductive or hard and thermally insulative. Here, we show anomalous correlations of thermal conductivity and elastic modulus in two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIP) by engineering the molecular interactions between organic cations. By replacing conventional alkyl-alkyl and aryl-aryl type organic interactions with mixed alkyl-aryl interactions, we observe an enhancement in elastic modulus with a reduction in thermal conductivity. This anomalous dependence provides a route to engineer thermal conductivity and elastic modulus independently and a guideline to search for better thermal management materials. Further, introducing chirality into the organic cation induces a molecular packing that leads to the same thermal conductivity and elastic modulus regardless of the composition across all half-chiral 2D HOIPs. This finding provides substantial leeway for further investigations in chiral 2D HOIPs to tune optoelectronic properties without compromising thermal and mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Negi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Liang Yan
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Cong Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yeonju Yu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Doyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Subhrangsu Mukherjee
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Andrew H Comstock
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Saqlain Raza
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Dali Sun
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Harald Ade
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Qing Tu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Wei You
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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12
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Huang Z, Bai Y, Zhao Y, Liu L, Zhao X, Wu J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Yang W, Shi D, Xu Y, Zhang T, Zhang Q, Tan PH, Sun Z, Meng S, Wang Y, Du L, Zhang G. Observation of phonon Stark effect. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4586. [PMID: 38811589 PMCID: PMC11137145 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48992-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Stark effect, the electric-field analogue of magnetic Zeeman effect, is one of the celebrated phenomena in modern physics and appealing for emergent applications in electronics, optoelectronics, as well as quantum technologies. While in condensed matter it has prospered only for excitons, whether other collective excitations can display Stark effect remains elusive. Here, we report the observation of phonon Stark effect in a two-dimensional quantum system of bilayer 2H-MoS2. The longitudinal acoustic phonon red-shifts linearly with applied electric fields and can be tuned over ~1 THz, evidencing giant Stark effect of phonons. Together with many-body ab initio calculations, we uncover that the observed phonon Stark effect originates fundamentally from the strong coupling between phonons and interlayer excitons (IXs). In addition, IX-mediated electro-phonon intensity modulation up to ~1200% is discovered for infrared-active phonon A2u. Our results unveil the exotic phonon Stark effect and effective phonon engineering by IX-mediated mechanism, promising for a plethora of exciting many-body physics and potential technological innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yunfei Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yanchong Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Le Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiangbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Wei Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dongxia Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qingming Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ping-Heng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhipei Sun
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523808, China
| | - Yaxian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Luojun Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523808, China.
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13
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Acharyya P, Pal K, Zhang B, Barbier T, Prestipino C, Boullay P, Raveau B, Lemoine P, Malaman B, Shen X, Vaillant M, Renaud A, Uberuaga BP, Candolfi C, Zhou X, Guilmeau E. Structure Low Dimensionality and Lone-Pair Stereochemical Activity: the Key to Low Thermal Conductivity in the Pb-Sn-S System. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13477-13487. [PMID: 38690585 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Recently, metal sulfides have begun to receive attention as potential cost-effective materials for thermoelectric applications beyond optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. Herein, based on a comparative analysis of the structural and transport properties of 2D PbSnS2 and 1D PbSnS3, we demonstrate that the intrinsic effects that govern the low lattice thermal conductivity (κL) of these sulfides originate from the combination of the low dimensionality of their crystal structures with the stereochemical activity of the lone-pair electrons of cations. The presence of weak bonds in these materials, responsible for phonon scattering, results in inherently low κL of 1.0 W/m K in 1D PbSnS3 and 0.6 W/m K in 2D PbSnS2 at room temperature. However, the nature of the thermal transport is quite distinct. 1D PbSnS3 exhibits a higher thermal conductivity with a crystalline-like peak at low temperatures, while 2D PbSnS2 demonstrates glassy thermal conductivity in the entire temperature range investigated. First-principles density functional theory calculations reveal that the presence of antibonding states below the Fermi level, especially in PbSnS2, contributes to the very low κL. In addition, the calculated phonon dispersions exhibit very soft acoustic phonon branches that give rise to soft lattices and very low speeds of sounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paribesh Acharyya
- CRISMAT, CNRS, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Koushik Pal
- Dept. of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, United States
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Physics and Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Analytical and Testing Center of Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Tristan Barbier
- CRISMAT, CNRS, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - Philippe Boullay
- CRISMAT, CNRS, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Bernard Raveau
- CRISMAT, CNRS, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Pierric Lemoine
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, 54011 Nancy, France
| | - Bernard Malaman
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, 54011 Nancy, France
| | - Xingchen Shen
- CRISMAT, CNRS, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Maxime Vaillant
- CRISMAT, CNRS, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Adèle Renaud
- Univ Rennes, ISCR - UMR 6226, CNRS, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Blas P Uberuaga
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, United States
| | - Christophe Candolfi
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, 54011 Nancy, France
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhou
- College of Physics and Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Analytical and Testing Center of Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Emmanuel Guilmeau
- CRISMAT, CNRS, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France
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14
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Modi G, Meng AC, Rajagopalan S, Thiruvengadam R, Davies PK, Stach EA, Agarwal R. Controlled Self-Assembly of Nanoscale Superstructures in Phase-Change Ge-Sb-Te Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5799-5807. [PMID: 38701332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Controlled growth of semiconductor nanowires with atomic precision offers the potential to tune the material properties for integration into scalable functional devices. Despite significant progress in understanding the nanowire growth mechanism, definitive control over atomic positions of its constituents, structure, and morphology via self-assembly remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate an exquisite control over synthesis of cation-ordered nanoscale superstructures in Ge-Sb-Te nanowires with the ability to deterministically vary the nanowire growth direction, crystal facets, and periodicity of cation ordering by tuning the relative precursor flux during synthesis. Furthermore, the role of anisotropy on material properties in cation-ordered nanowire superstructures is illustrated by fabricating phase-change memory (PCM) devices, which show significantly different growth direction dependent amorphization current density. This level of control in synthesizing chemically ordered nanoscale superstructures holds potential to precisely modulate fundamental material properties such as the electronic and thermal transport, which may have implications for PCM, thermoelectrics, and other nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Modi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Andrew C Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Srinivasan Rajagopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rangarajan Thiruvengadam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Peter K Davies
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eric A Stach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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15
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Zhang R, Gan L, Zhang D, Sun H, Li Y, Ning CZ. Extreme Thermal Insulation and Tradeoff of Thermal Transport Mechanisms between Graphene and WS 2 Monolayers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313753. [PMID: 38403869 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Controlling and understanding the heat flow at a nanometer scale are challenging, but important for fundamental science and applications. Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials provide perhaps the ultimate solution for meeting these challenges. While there have been reports of low thermal conductivities (several mW m-1 K-1) across the 2D heterostructures, phonon-dominant thermal transport remains strong due to the nearly-ideal contact between the layers. Here, this work experimentally explores the heat transport mechanisms by increasing the interlayer distance from perfect contact to a few nanometers and demonstrates that the phonon-dominated thermal conductivity across the WS2/graphene interface decreases further with the increasing interlayer distance until the air-dominated thermal conductivity increases again. This work finds that the resulting tradeoff of the two heat conduction mechanisms leads to the existence of a minimum thermal conductivity at 2.11 nm of 1.41 × 10-5 W m-1 K-1, which is two thousandths of the smallest value reported previously. This work provides an effective methodology for engineering thermal insulation structures and understanding heat transport at the ultimate small scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- College of Integrated Circuits and Optoelectronic Chips, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Danyang Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- College of Integrated Circuits and Optoelectronic Chips, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yongzhuo Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cun-Zheng Ning
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- College of Integrated Circuits and Optoelectronic Chips, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
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16
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Xiao X, Mao Y, Meng B, Ma G, Hušeková K, Egyenes F, Rosová A, Dobročka E, Eliáš P, Ťapajna M, Gucmann F, Yuan C. Phase-Dependent Phonon Heat Transport in Nanoscale Gallium Oxide Thin Films. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309961. [PMID: 38098343 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Different phases of Ga2O3 have been regarded as superior platforms for making new-generation high-performance electronic devices. However, understanding of thermal transport in different phases of nanoscale Ga2O3 thin-films remains challenging, owing to the lack of phonon transport models and systematic experimental investigations. Here, thermal conductivity (TC) and thermal boundary conductance (TBC) of the( 1 ¯ 010 ) $( {\bar 1010} )$ α-,( 2 ¯ 01 ) $( {\bar 201} )\;$ β-, and (001) κ-Ga2O3 thin films on sapphire are investigated. At ≈80 nm, the measured TC of α (8.8 W m-1 K-1) is ≈1.8 times and ≈3.0 times larger than that of β and κ, respectively, consistent with model based on density functional theory (DFT), whereas the model reveals a similar TC for the bulk α- and β-Ga2O3. The observed phase- and size-dependence of TC is discussed thoroughly with phonon transport properties such as phonon mean free path and group velocity. The measured TBC at Ga2O3/sapphire interface is analyzed with diffuse mismatch model using DFT-derived full phonon dispersion relation. Phonon spectral distribution of density of states, transmission coefficients, and group velocity are studied to understand the phase-dependence of TBC. This study provides insight into the fundamental phonon transport mechanism in Ga2O3 thin films and paves the way for improved thermal management of high-power Ga2O3-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglin Xiao
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yali Mao
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Biwei Meng
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Ma
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Kristína Hušeková
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
| | - Fridrich Egyenes
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
| | - Alica Rosová
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
| | - Edmund Dobročka
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
| | - Peter Eliáš
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
| | - Milan Ťapajna
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
| | - Filip Gucmann
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
| | - Chao Yuan
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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17
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Zeng J, Liang T, Zhang J, Liu D, Li S, Lu X, Han M, Yao Y, Xu JB, Sun R, Li L. Correlating Young's Modulus with High Thermal Conductivity in Organic Conjugated Small Molecules. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309338. [PMID: 38102097 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Attaining elevated thermal conductivity in organic materials stands as a coveted objective, particularly within electronic packaging, thermal interface materials, and organic matrix heat exchangers. These applications have reignited interest in researching thermally conductive organic materials. The understanding of thermal transport mechanisms in these organic materials is currently constrained. This study concentrates on N, N'-dioctyl-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide (PTCDI-C8), an organic conjugated crystal. A correlation between elevated thermal conductivity and augmented Young's modulus is substantiated through meticulous experimentation. Achievement via employing the physical vapor transport method, capitalizing on the robust C═C covalent linkages running through the organic matrix chain, bolstered by π-π stacking and noncovalent affiliations that intertwine the chains. The coexistence of these dynamic interactions, alongside the perpendicular alignment of PTCDI-C8 molecules, is confirmed through structural analysis. PTCDI-C8 thin film exhibits an out-of-plane thermal conductivity of 3.1 ± 0.1 W m-1 K-1, as determined by time-domain thermoreflectance. This outpaces conventional organic materials by an order of magnitude. Nanoindentation tests and molecular dynamics simulations elucidate how molecular orientation and intermolecular forces within PTCDI-C8 molecules drive the film's high Young's modulus, contributing to its elevated thermal conductivity. This study's progress offers theoretical guidance for designing high thermal conductivity organic materials, expanding their applications and performance potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Processing and Forming of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ting Liang
- Department of Electronics Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 166 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Daoqing Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shiang Li
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Meng Han
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yimin Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jian-Bin Xu
- Department of Electronics Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rong Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liejun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Processing and Forming of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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18
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Hu Y, Xu J, Ruan X, Bao H. Defect scattering can lead to enhanced phonon transport at nanoscale. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3304. [PMID: 38632242 PMCID: PMC11024214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Defect scattering is well known to suppress thermal transport. In this study, however, we perform both molecular dynamics and Boltzmann transport equation calculations, to demonstrate that introducing defect scattering in nanoscale heating zone could surprisingly enhance thermal conductance of the system by up to 75%. We further reveal that the heating zone without defects yields directional nonequilibrium with overpopulated oblique-propagating phonons which suppress thermal transport, while introducing defects redirect phonons randomly to restore directional equilibrium, thereby enhancing thermal conductance. We demonstrate that defect scattering can enable such thermal transport enhancement in a wide range of temperatures, materials, and sizes, and offer an unconventional strategy for enhancing thermal transport via the manipulation of phonon directional nonequilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
- CTG Wuhan Science and Technology Innovation Park, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan, 430010, PR China
| | - Jiaxuan Xu
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
- Global Institute of Future Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xiulin Ruan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Hua Bao
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
- Global Institute of Future Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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19
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Zeng Z, Shen X, Cheng R, Perez O, Ouyang N, Fan Z, Lemoine P, Raveau B, Guilmeau E, Chen Y. Pushing thermal conductivity to its lower limit in crystals with simple structures. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3007. [PMID: 38589376 PMCID: PMC11001610 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Materials with low thermal conductivity usually have complex crystal structures. Herein we experimentally find that a simple crystal structure material AgTlI2 (I4/mcm) owns an extremely low thermal conductivity of 0.25 W/mK at room temperature. To understand this anomaly, we perform in-depth theoretical studies based on ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and anharmonic lattice dynamics. We find that the unique atomic arrangement and weak chemical bonding provide a permissive environment for strong oscillations of Ag atoms, leading to a considerable rattling behaviour and giant lattice anharmonicity. This feature is also verified by the experimental probability density function refinement of single-crystal diffraction. The particularly strong anharmonicity breaks down the conventional phonon gas model, giving rise to non-negligible wavelike phonon behaviours in AgTlI2 at 300 K. Intriguingly, unlike many strongly anharmonic materials where a small propagative thermal conductivity is often accompanied by a large diffusive thermal conductivity, we find an unusual coexistence of ultralow propagative and diffusive thermal conductivities in AgTlI2 based on the thermal transport unified theory. This study underscores the potential of simple crystal structures in achieving low thermal conductivity and encourages further experimental research to enrich the family of materials with ultralow thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhu Zeng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- The Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - Xingchen Shen
- CRISMAT, CNRS, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Ruihuan Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Olivier Perez
- CRISMAT, CNRS, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Niuchang Ouyang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zheyong Fan
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Pierric Lemoine
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Bernard Raveau
- CRISMAT, CNRS, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | | | - Yue Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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20
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Thakur S, Giri A. Pushing the Limits of Heat Conduction in Covalent Organic Frameworks Through High-Throughput Screening of Their Thermal Conductivity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401702. [PMID: 38567486 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Tailor-made materials featuring large tunability in their thermal transport properties are highly sought-after for diverse applications. However, achieving `user-defined' thermal transport in a single class of material system with tunability across a wide range of thermal conductivity values requires a thorough understanding of the structure-property relationships, which has proven to be challenging. Herein, large-scale computational screening of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for thermal conductivity is performed, providing a comprehensive understanding of their structure-property relationships by leveraging systematic atomistic simulations of 10,750 COFs with 651 distinct organic linkers. Through the data-driven approach, it is shown that by strategic modulation of their chemical and structural features, the thermal conductivity can be tuned from ultralow (≈0.02 W m-1 K-1) to exceptionally high (≈50 W m-1 K-1) values. It is revealed that achieving high thermal conductivity in COFs requires their assembly through carbon-carbon linkages with densities greater than 500 kg m-3, nominal void fractions (in the range of ≈0.6-0.9) and highly aligned polymeric chains along the heat flow direction. Following these criteria, it is shown that these flexible polymeric materials can possess exceptionally high thermal conductivities, on par with several fully dense inorganic materials. As such, the work reveals that COFs mark a new regime of materials design that combines high thermal conductivities with low densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Thakur
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Ashutosh Giri
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
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21
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Wang H, He Q, Gao X, Shang Y, Zhu W, Zhao W, Chen Z, Gong H, Yang Y. Multifunctional High Entropy Alloys Enabled by Severe Lattice Distortion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305453. [PMID: 37561587 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Since 2004, the design of high entropy alloys (HEAs) has generated significant interest within the materials science community due to their exceptional structural and functional properties. By incorporating multiple principal elements into a common lattice, it is possible to create a single-phase crystal with a highly distorted lattice. This unique feature enables HEAs to offer a promising combination of mechanical and physical properties that are not typically observed in conventional alloys. In this article, an extensive overview of multifunctional HEAs that exhibit severe lattice distortion is provided, covering the theoretical models that are developed to understand lattice distortion, the experimental and computational methods employ to characterize lattice distortion, and most importantly, the impact of severe lattice distortion on the mechanical, physical and electrochemical properties of HEAs. Through this review, it is hoped to stimulate further research into the study of distorted lattices in crystalline solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Quanfeng He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Institute of Materials Modification and Modeling, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yinghui Shang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong (Dongguan), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523000, China
| | - Wenqing Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weijiang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Zhaoqi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Hao Gong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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22
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Zhu J, Ren Q, Chen C, Wang C, Shu M, He M, Zhang C, Le MD, Torri S, Wang CW, Wang J, Cheng Z, Li L, Wang G, Jiang Y, Wu M, Qu Z, Tong X, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Ma J. Vacancies tailoring lattice anharmonicity of Zintl-type thermoelectrics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2618. [PMID: 38521767 PMCID: PMC10960861 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
While phonon anharmonicity affects lattice thermal conductivity intrinsically and is difficult to be modified, controllable lattice defects routinely function only by scattering phonons extrinsically. Here, through a comprehensive study of crystal structure and lattice dynamics of Zintl-type Sr(Cu,Ag,Zn)Sb thermoelectric compounds using neutron scattering techniques and theoretical simulations, we show that the role of vacancies in suppressing lattice thermal conductivity could extend beyond defect scattering. The vacancies in Sr2ZnSb2 significantly enhance lattice anharmonicity, causing a giant softening and broadening of the entire phonon spectrum and, together with defect scattering, leading to a ~ 86% decrease in the maximum lattice thermal conductivity compared to SrCuSb. We show that this huge lattice change arises from charge density reconstruction, which undermines both interlayer and intralayer atomic bonding strength in the hierarchical structure. These microscopic insights demonstrate a promise of artificially tailoring phonon anharmonicity through lattice defect engineering to manipulate lattice thermal conductivity in the design of energy conversion materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyong Ren
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Extreme Conditions, Dongguan, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
- School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mingfang Shu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CHMFL), HFIPS, CAS, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Manh Duc Le
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, England, UK
| | - Shuki Torri
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chin-Wei Wang
- Neutron Group, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jianli Wang
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, North Wollongong, Australia
| | - Zhenxiang Cheng
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, North Wollongong, Australia
| | - Lisi Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Extreme Conditions, Dongguan, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxuan Jiang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingzai Wu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhe Qu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CHMFL), HFIPS, CAS, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Extreme Conditions, Dongguan, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Jie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
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23
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Zhang X, Yu J, Zhao C, Si Y. Elastic SiC Aerogel for Thermal Insulation: A Systematic Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311464. [PMID: 38511588 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
SiC aerogels with their lightweight nature and exceptional thermal insulation properties have emerged as the most ideal materials for thermal protection in hypersonic vehicles; However, conventional SiC aerogels are prone to brittleness and mechanical degradation when exposed to complex loads such as shock and mechanical vibration. Hence, preserving the structural integrity of aerogels under the combined influence of thermal and mechanical external forces is crucial not only for stabling their thermal insulation performance but also for determining their practicality in harsh environments. This review focuses on the optimization of design based on the structure-performance of SiC aerogels, providing a comprehensive review of the inherent correlations among structural stability, mechanical properties, and insulation performance. First, the thermal transfer mechanism of aerogels from a microstructural perspective is studied, followed by the relationship between the building blocks of SiC aerogels (0D particles, 1D nanowires/nanofibers) and their compression performance (including compressive resilience, compressive strength, and fatigue resistance). Moreover, the strategy to improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance and insulation performance of SiC aerogels is explored. Lastly, the challenges and future breakthrough directions for SiC aerogels are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Cunyi Zhao
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Yang Si
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
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24
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Bashir A, Niu H, Maqbool M, Usman A, Lv R, Ashraf Z, Cheng M, Bai S. A Novel Thermal Interface Material Composed of Vertically Aligned Boron Nitride and Graphite Films for Ultrahigh Through-Plane Thermal Conductivity. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301788. [PMID: 38507731 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The relentless drive toward miniaturization in microelectronic devices has sparked an urgent need for materials that offer both high thermal conductivity (TC) and excellent electrical insulation. Thermal interface materials (TIMs) possessing these dual attributes are highly sought after for modern electronics, but achieving such a combination has proven to be a formidable challenge. In this study, a cutting-edge solution is presented by developing boron nitride (BN) and graphite films layered silicone rubber composites with exceptional TC and electrical insulation properties. Through a carefully devised stacking-cutting method, the high orientation degree of both BN and graphite films is successfully preserved, resulting in an unprecedented through-plane TC of 23.7 Wm-1 K-1 and a remarkably low compressive modulus of 4.85 MPa. Furthermore, the exceptional properties of composites, including low thermal resistance and high resilience rate, make them a reliable and durable option for various applications. Practical tests demonstrate their outstanding heat dissipation performance, significantly reducing CPU temperatures in a computer cooling system. This research work unveils the possible upper limit of TC in BN-based TIMs and paves the way for their large-scale practical implementation, particularly in the thermal management of next-generation electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Bashir
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, HEDPS/Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Niu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, HEDPS/Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Maqbool
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, HEDPS/Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ali Usman
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ruicong Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, HEDPS/Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zubair Ashraf
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Peking University Nanchang Innovation Institute, 14#1-2 Floor, High-level Talent Industrial Park, High-tech District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330224, P. R. China
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shulin Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, HEDPS/Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Peking University Nanchang Innovation Institute, 14#1-2 Floor, High-level Talent Industrial Park, High-tech District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330224, P. R. China
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25
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Kim Y, Choi J. Electromechanical Origin of Phonon Dynamics Exhibiting Tunable Anisotropic Heat Transport in Layered Nanostructures. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301200. [PMID: 37926699 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the structural characteristics of 2D layered nanomaterials, anisotropic thermal conductivity is considered an attractive design factor for constructing efficient heat-transfer pathways. In this study, the electromechanical origin of anisotropic thermal conduction in Ti3 C2 O2 M (M = Li, Na, K) is investigated at the atomic scale using theoretical multiscale analysis. The results demonstrate that the acoustic and optical phonon modes drive interlayer and intralayer heat conduction, respectively. Further, the lower the atomic number of the alkali ions intercalated in the Ti3 C2 O2 layer, the more immediately it responds to externally applied oscillations owing to its low inertia and high electrostatic force. The Li-ion layer exhibits an instantaneous response to vibrational excitations from an external source, making it transparent to higher phonon modes under interlayer and intralayer thermal conduction. The electromechanical modulation properties of the ion layer are further elucidated, providing practical insights into the design of anisotropic thermal paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngoh Kim
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonmyung Choi
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
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26
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Zheng C, Li X, Yu J, Huang Z, Li M, Hu X, Li Y. Biomass-derived lightweight SiC aerogels for superior thermal insulation. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:4600-4608. [PMID: 38345528 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06076d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) aerogels, which possess unique porous structure and high ablation resistance, show great potential as thermal insulation materials, but their wide application is limited by expensive and cumbersome synthetic procedures. Therefore, it is pivotal to develop a facile, versatile, and cost-effective method for producing SiC aerogels. Herein, we have successfully prepared ultra-light SiC nanowire aerogels (SNWAs) boasting remarkably low thermal conductivity, using biomass-derived carbon templates (BCTs) through a direct carbothermal reduction method. The BCTs obtained by simply carbonizing freeze-dried eggplants can serve not only as the carbon sources but also as the templates for the in situ growth of SiC nanowires. The resultant three-dimensional (3D) SNWAs possess various porous structures, incorporating the original micro-sized pores inherited from the eggplant and nano-sized pores constructed from interconnected SiC nanowires. These multi-scale pore structures bestow SNWAs with lower gas-phase heat conduction characteristics. Besides, the numerous stacking faults and heterojunctions present in the SiC nanowires play a key role in obstructing the solid-phase heat transfer and reinforcing the SiC skeleton. As a result, the SNWAs show an exceptionally low thermal conductivity, measuring 0.0149 W m-1 K-1 at room temperature, and maintain this low value (0.0256 W m-1 K-1) even at 500 °C. Remarkably, even after being exposed to air at 1200 °C for 2 h, the SNWAs maintain a low thermal conductivity of 0.0226 W m-1 K-1. Such low-cost and effective preparation of biomass-derived SiC aerogels is anticipated to pave a new avenue for the development of advanced thermal insulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxue Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Zhulin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoye Hu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
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27
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Cao H, Luo Y, Jiao W, Lei W, Han S, Liu H. Stacking-induced phonon transport engineering of siligene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:185702. [PMID: 38271731 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad22b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Tunable phonon transport properties of two-dimensional materials are desirable for effective heat management in various application scenarios. Here, we demonstrate by first-principles calculations and Boltzmann transport theory that the lattice thermal conductivity of siligene could be efficiently engineered by forming various stacking configurations. Unlike few-layer graphene, the stacked siligenes are found to be covalently bonded along the out-of-plane direction, which leads to unique dependence of the thermal conductivity on both the stacking order and layer number. Due to the restricted flexural phonon scattering induced by the horizontal reflection symmetry, the AA stacking configuration of bilayer siligene exhibits obviously higher thermal conductivity compared with the AB stacking. In addition, we observe increasing thermal conductivity with the layer number, as evidenced by the reduced phonon scattering phase space and Grüneisen parameter. Interestingly, the Fuchs-Sondheimer model works well for the thickness-dependent thermal conductivity of stacked siligenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Lei
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihao Han
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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28
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Wu Q, Kang L, Lin Z. A Machine Learning Study on High Thermal Conductivity Assisted to Discover Chalcogenides with Balanced Infrared Nonlinear Optical Performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309675. [PMID: 37929600 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of novel nonlinear optical (NLO) chalcogenides with high laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDT) is critical for mid-infrared (mid-IR) solid-state laser applications. High lattice thermal conductivity (κL ) is crucial to increasing LIDT yet often neglected in the search for NLO crystals due to lack of accurate κL data. A machine learning (ML) approach to predict κL for over 6000 chalcogenides is hereby proposed. Combining ML-generated κL data and first-principles calculation, a high-throughput screening route is initiated, and ten new potential mid-IR NLO chalcogenides with optimal bandgap, NLO coefficients, and thermal conductivity are discovered, in which Li2 SiS3 and AlZnGaS4 are highlighted. Big-data analysis on structural chemistry proves that the chalcogenides having dense and simple lattice structures with low anisotropy, light atoms, and strong covalent bonds are likely to possess higher κL . The four-coordinated motifs in which central cations show the bond valence sum of +2 to +3 and are from IIIA, IVA, VA, and IIB groups, such as those in diamond-like defect-chalcopyrite chalcogenides, are preferred to fulfill the desired structural chemistry conditions for balanced NLO and thermal properties. This work provides not only an efficient strategy but also interpretable research directions in the search for NLO crystals with high thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchen Wu
- Functional Crystals Lab, Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Kang
- Functional Crystals Lab, Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zheshuai Lin
- Functional Crystals Lab, Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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29
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Bao DL, Xu M, Li AW, Su G, Zhou W, Pantelides ST. Phonon vortices at heavy impurities in two-dimensional materials. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:248-253. [PMID: 38091005 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00433c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The advent of monochromated electron energy-loss spectroscopy has enabled atomic-resolution vibrational spectroscopy, which triggered interest in spatially localized or quasi-localized vibrational modes in materials. Here we report the discovery of phonon vortices at heavy impurities in two-dimensional materials. We use density-functional-theory calculations for two configurations of Si impurities in graphene, Si-C3 and Si-C4, to examine atom-projected phonon densities of states and display the atomic-displacement patterns for select modes that are dominated by impurity displacements. The vortices are driven by large displacements of the impurities, and reflect local symmetries. Similar vortices are found at phosphorus impurities in hexagonal boron nitride, suggesting that they may be a feature of heavy impurities in crystalline materials. Phonon vortices at defects are expected to play a role in thermal conductivity and other properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Liang Bao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
| | - Mingquan Xu
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ao-Wen Li
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gang Su
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wu Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sokrates T Pantelides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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30
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Fainozzi D, Foglia L, Khatu NN, Masciovecchio C, Mincigrucci R, Paltanin E, Bencivenga F. Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in the Time Domain at 1 nm^{-1} Wave Vector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:033802. [PMID: 38307074 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.033802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
We used extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pulses to create transient gratings (TGs) with sub-100 nm spatial periodicity in a β-Ga_{2}O_{3} single crystal. The EUV TG launches acoustic modes parallel to the sample surface, whose dynamics were revealed via backward diffraction of a third, time-delayed, EUV pulse. In addition, the sharp penetration depth of EUV light launches acoustic modes along the surface normal with a broad wave vector spectrum. The dynamics of selected modes at a wave vector tangibly larger (≈1 nm^{-1}) than the TG one is detected in the time domain via the interference between the backward diffracted TG signal and the stimulated Brillouin backscattering of the EUV probe. While stimulated Brillouin backscattering of an optical probe was reported in previous EUV TG experiments, its extension to shorter wavelengths can be used as a contactless experimental tool for filling the gap between the wave vector range accessible by inelastic hard x-ray and thermal neutron scattering techniques, and the one accessible through Brillouin scattering of visible and UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Fainozzi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Foglia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nupur N Khatu
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Claudio Masciovecchio
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mincigrucci
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ettore Paltanin
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Bencivenga
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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31
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Bazrafshan MA, Khoeini F. Flexible thermoelectrics in crossed graphene/hBN composites. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1079. [PMID: 38212539 PMCID: PMC10784592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51652-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanostructures exhibit unusual properties due to the dominance of quantum mechanical effects. In addition, the geometry of a nanostructure can have a strong influence on its physical properties. Using the tight-binding and force-constant approaches with the help of the non-equilibrium Green's function method, the transport and thermoelectric properties of cross-shaped (X-shaped) composite heterostructures are studied in two cases: Mixed graphene and h-BN (HETX-CBN) and all graphene (HETX-C) cross-shaped structures. Our numerical results show that an X-shaped structure helps to manipulate its electronic and phononic properties. The transport energy gap can be tuned in the range of ~ 0.8 eV by changing one arm width. Due to the drastic decrease in the electronic conductance of HETX-CBN and the dominance of the phononic thermal conductance, the ZT performance is degraded despite the high Seebeck coefficient value (in the order of meV). However, HETX-C has better ZT performance due to better electronic conductance and lower phononic/electronic thermal ratio, it can enhance the ZT ~ 2.5 times compared to that of zigzag graphene nanoribbon. The thermoelectric properties of the system can be tuned by controlling the size of the arms of the device and the type of its atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amir Bazrafshan
- Department of Physics, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Farhad Khoeini
- Department of Physics, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran.
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32
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Jenisha MA, Kavirajan S, Harish S, Kamalakannan S, Archana J, Senthil Kumar E, Wakiya N, Navaneethan M. Multiple approaches of band engineering and mass fluctuation of solution-processed n-type Re-doped MoS 2 nanosheets for enhanced thermoelectric power factor. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:1150-1165. [PMID: 37788583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The thermoelectric (TE) performance of Molybdenum disulpide (MoS2) can be improved by the incorporation of nanomaterials. MoS2 has been reported as promising thermoelectric materials due to their large bandgap and low thermal conductivity. In the present work, n-type MoS2 was successfully synthesized by facile hydrothermal route with an excellent thermoelectric performance by introducing rhenium (Re) dopant. The structural and morphological analyses confirmed the incorporation of Re into Mo (Molybdenum) lattice. The thermoelectric results showed that both the electrical conductivity (σ) and Seebeck coefficient (S) has been increased with the increase in Re content (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 at%) and temperature (303 K to 700 K), while the thermal conductivity (κ) was low. Doping with Re on MoS2 enhances the electrical conductivity through band engineering, improving carrier concentration and shifting the Fermi level to the conduction band. Introducing a heavy atomic element can reduce the total thermal conductivity by facilitating mass fluctuation. The maximum Seebeck coefficient was obtained as -100 μVK-1 at 500 K for Re 5 at% sample, which is 3.7 times greater than undoped MoS2. In addition, introducing electrons through Re doping induced bipolar conduction. These enhancements have increased the power factor of 8 μWm-1K-2 at 650 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arockia Jenisha
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NRC), Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India; Functional Materials and Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - S Kavirajan
- Functional Materials and Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - S Harish
- Functional Materials and Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India; Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-Ku, Hamamatsu,Shizuoka, 432-8011, Japan
| | - S Kamalakannan
- Functional Materials and Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - J Archana
- Functional Materials and Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - E Senthil Kumar
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NRC), Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Naoki Wakiya
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-Ku, Hamamatsu,Shizuoka, 432-8011, Japan
| | - M Navaneethan
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NRC), Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India; Functional Materials and Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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33
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Zhang J, Dang L, Zhang F, Zhang K, Kong Q, Gu J. Effect of the Structure of Epoxy Monomers and Curing Agents: Toward Making Intrinsically Highly Thermally Conductive and Low-Dielectric Epoxy Resins. JACS AU 2023; 3:3424-3435. [PMID: 38155647 PMCID: PMC10751775 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The low intrinsic thermal conduction and high dielectric properties of epoxy resins have significantly limited their applications in electrical and electronic devices with high integration, high frequency, high power, and miniaturization. Herein, a liquid crystalline epoxy (LCE) monomer with a biphenyl mesogenic unit was first synthesized through an efficient one-step reaction. Subsequently, bisphenol AF (BPAF) containing low-polarizable -CF3 groups and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) were applied to cure the LCE and commercial diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A-type epoxy (E-51), respectively, to afford four kinds of epoxy resins with various intrinsic thermal conductivity and dielectricity values. Owing to the dual effect of microscopically stacking of mesogens and the contribution of fluorine to the formation of liquid crystallinity, ordered microstructures of the nematic liquid crystal phase were formed within the cross-linking network of LCE as confirmed by polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Consequently, phonon scattering was suppressed, and the intrinsic thermal conductivity was improved considerably to 0.38 W/(m·K), nearly twice as high as that of E-51 cured with DDM (0.20 W/(m·K)). Additionally, the ordered microstructure and ultralow polar -CF3 groups within LCE cured with BPAF enabled the epoxy resin to exhibit a remarkably lower and stable dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) over both low and high frequencies compared to E-51 cured with DDM. The ε decreased from 3.40 to 2.72 while the tan δ decreased from 0.044 to 0.038 at 10 GHz. This work presents a scalable and facile strategy for breaking the bottleneck of making epoxy resins simultaneously with high inherent thermal conduction and low dielectric performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Zhang
- Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing
Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
| | - Lin Dang
- Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing
Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
| | - Fengyuan Zhang
- Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing
Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
| | - Kuan Zhang
- Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing
Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Kong
- Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing
Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Gu
- Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing
Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
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34
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He X, Wang Y, Yang P, Lin L, Liu S, Shao Z, Zhang K, Yao Y. High-Performance Graphene Biocomposite Enabled by Fe 3+ Coordination for Thermal Management. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:54886-54897. [PMID: 37963338 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Emerging biocomposites with excellent heat dissipation capabilities and inherent sustainability are urgently needed to address the cooling issues of modern electronics and growing environmental concerns. However, the moisture stability, mechanical performance, thermal conductivity, and even flame retardancy of biomass-based materials are generally insufficient for practical thermal management applications. Herein, we present a high-performance graphene biocomposite consisting of carboxylated cellulose nanofibers and graphene nanosheets through an evaporation-induced self-assembly and subsequent Fe3+ cross-linking strategy. The Fe3+ coordination plays a critical role in stabilizing the material structure, thereby improving the mechanical strength and water stability of the biocomposite films, and its effect is revealed by density functional theory calculations. The hierarchical structure of the biocomposite films also leads to a high in-plane thermal conductivity of 42.5 W m-1 K-1, enabling a superior heat transfer performance. Furthermore, the resultant biocomposite films exhibit outstanding Joule heating performance with a fast thermal response and long-term stability, improved thermal stability, and flame retardancy. Therefore, such a general strategy and the desired overall properties of the biocomposite films offer wide application prospects for functional and safe thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua He
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lin Lin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shizhuo Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhipeng Shao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yagang Yao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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35
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Pan Z, Lu G, Li X, McBride JR, Juneja R, Long M, Lindsay L, Caldwell JD, Li D. Remarkable heat conduction mediated by non-equilibrium phonon polaritons. Nature 2023; 623:307-312. [PMID: 37880364 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Surface waves can lead to intriguing transport phenomena. In particular, surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs), which result from coupling between infrared light and optical phonons, have been predicted to contribute to heat conduction along polar thin films and nanowires1. However, experimental efforts so far suggest only very limited SPhP contributions2-5. Through systematic measurements of thermal transport along the same 3C-SiC nanowires with and without a gold coating on the end(s) that serves to launch SPhPs, here we show that thermally excited SPhPs can substantially enhance the thermal conductivity of the uncoated portion of these wires. The extracted pre-decay SPhP thermal conductance is more than two orders of magnitude higher than the Landauer limit predicted on the basis of equilibrium Bose-Einstein distributions. We attribute the notable SPhP conductance to the efficient launching of non-equilibrium SPhPs from the gold-coated portion into the uncoated SiC nanowires, which is strongly supported by the observation that the SPhP-mediated thermal conductivity is proportional to the length of the gold coating(s). The reported discoveries open the door for modulating energy transport in solids by introducing SPhPs, which can effectively counteract the classical size effect in many technologically important films and improve the design of solid-state devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Guanyu Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xun Li
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - James R McBride
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rinkle Juneja
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Mackey Long
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lucas Lindsay
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Joshua D Caldwell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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36
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Wu M, Shi R, Qi R, Li Y, Du J, Gao P. Four-dimensional electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 253:113818. [PMID: 37544270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy have enabled atomic-scale focused, coherent, and monochromatic electron probes, achieving nanoscale spatial resolution, meV energy resolution, sufficient momentum resolution, and a wide energy detection range in electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). A four-dimensional EELS (4D-EELS) dataset can be recorded with a slot aperture selecting the specific momentum direction in the diffraction plane and the beam scanning in two spatial dimensions. In this paper, the basic principle of the 4D-EELS technique and a few examples of its application are presented. In addition to parallelly acquired dispersion with energy down to a lattice vibration scale, it can map the real space variation of any EELS spectrum features with a specific momentum transfer and energy loss to study various locally inhomogeneous scattering processes. Furthermore, simple mathematical combinations associating the spectra at different momenta are feasible from the 4D dataset, e.g., the efficient acquisition of a reliable electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) signal is demonstrated. This 4D-EELS technique provides new opportunities to probe the local dispersion and related physical properties at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruochen Shi
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruishi Qi
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, United States
| | - Yuehui Li
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinlong Du
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Gao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China; Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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37
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Efimova AS, Alekseevskiy PV, Timofeeva MV, Kenzhebayeva YA, Kuleshova AO, Koryakina IG, Pavlov DI, Sukhikh TS, Potapov AS, Shipilovskikh SA, Li N, Milichko VA. Exfoliation of 2D Metal-Organic Frameworks: toward Advanced Scalable Materials for Optical Sensing. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300752. [PMID: 37702111 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) occupy a special place among the large family of functional 2D materials. Even at a monolayer level, 2D MOFs exhibit unique sensing, separation, catalytic, electronic, and conductive properties due to the combination of porosity and organo-inorganic nature. However, lab-to-fab transfer for 2D MOF layers faces the challenge of their scalability, limited by weak interactions between the organic and inorganic building blocks. Here, comparing three top-down approaches to fabricate 2D MOF layers (sonication, freeze-thaw, and mechanical exfoliation), The technological criteria have established for creation of the layers of the thickness up to 1 nm with a record aspect ratio up to 2*10^4:1. The freezing-thaw and mechanical exfoliation are the most optimal approaches; wherein the rate and manufacturability of the mechanical exfoliation rivaling the greatest scalability of 2D MOF layers obtained by freezing-thaw (21300:1 vs 1330:1 aspect ratio), leaving the sonication approach behind (with a record 900:1 aspect ratio) have discovered. The high quality 2D MOF layers with a record aspect ratio demonstrate unique optical sensitivity to solvents of a varied polarity, which opens the way to fabricate scalable and freestanding 2D MOF-based atomically thin chemo-optical sensors by industry-oriented approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia S Efimova
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Pavel V Alekseevskiy
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Maria V Timofeeva
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | | | - Alina O Kuleshova
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Irina G Koryakina
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Pavlov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Taisiya S Sukhikh
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Andrei S Potapov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | | | - Nan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Valentin A Milichko
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, Nancy, F-54011, France
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38
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Zhang J, Zhang H, Li W, Zhang G. Heat flux concentrators based on nanoscale phononic metastructures. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5641-5648. [PMID: 37822894 PMCID: PMC10563830 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00494e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoscale heat flux regulation has been at the forefront of research. Nanoscale heat flux concentration is of potential importance in various applications, but no research has been conducted on local heat flux concentration. In this paper, we designed two heat flux concentrators using patterned amorphous and nanomesh structures, respectively. Using molecular dynamics simulation, we find that the heat flux in the central regions is much higher than that in the adjacent regions, with the concentration ratio arriving at 9-fold. Thus a heat flux concentrator is realized using these nanophononic metastructures. The phonon localization theory was used to explain the underlying mechanism. This work provides a direct design strategy for thermal concentrators using practical nanofabrication technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore 138632 Singapore
| | - Haochun Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100 Shandong China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore 138632 Singapore
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39
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Yuan J, Chen Y, Liao B. Lattice Dynamics and Thermal Transport in Semiconductors with Anti-Bonding Valence Bands. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18506-18515. [PMID: 37566730 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Achieving high thermoelectric performance requires efficient manipulation of thermal conductivity and a fundamental understanding of the microscopic mechanisms of phonon transport in crystalline solids. One of the major challenges in thermal transport is achieving ultralow lattice thermal conductivity. In this study, we use the anti-bonding character of the highest-occupied valence band as an efficient descriptor for discovering new materials with an ultralow thermal conductivity. We first examined the relationship between anti-bonding valence bands (ABVBs) and low lattice thermal conductivity in model systems PbTe and CsPbBr3. Then, we conducted a high-throughput search in the Materials Project database and identified over 600 experimentally stable binary semiconductors with an anti-bonding character in their valence bands. From our candidate list, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the chemical bonds and the thermal transport in the XS family, where X = K, Rb, and Cs are alkaline metals. These materials all exhibit ultralow thermal conductivities less than 1 W/(m K) at room temperature despite simple structures. We attributed the ultralow thermal conductivity to the weakened bonds and increased phonon anharmonicity due to their ABVBs. Our results provide chemical intuitions to understand lattice dynamics in crystals and open up a convenient venue toward searching for materials with an intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyue Yuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Yubi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Bolin Liao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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40
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Tian H, Wang J, Lai G, Dou Y, Gao J, Duan Z, Feng X, Wu Q, He X, Yao L, Zeng L, Liu Y, Yang X, Zhao J, Zhuang S, Shi J, Qu G, Yu XF, Chu PK, Jiang G. Renaissance of elemental phosphorus materials: properties, synthesis, and applications in sustainable energy and environment. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5388-5484. [PMID: 37455613 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01018f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The polymorphism of phosphorus-based materials has garnered much research interest, and the variable chemical bonding structures give rise to a variety of micro and nanostructures. Among the different types of materials containing phosphorus, elemental phosphorus materials (EPMs) constitute the foundation for the synthesis of related compounds. EPMs are experiencing a renaissance in the post-graphene era, thanks to recent advancements in the scaling-down of black phosphorus, amorphous red phosphorus, violet phosphorus, and fibrous phosphorus and consequently, diverse classes of low-dimensional sheets, ribbons, and dots of EPMs with intriguing properties have been produced. The nanostructured EPMs featuring tunable bandgaps, moderate carrier mobility, and excellent optical absorption have shown great potential in energy conversion, energy storage, and environmental remediation. It is thus important to have a good understanding of the differences and interrelationships among diverse EPMs, their intrinsic physical and chemical properties, the synthesis of specific structures, and the selection of suitable nanostructures of EPMs for particular applications. In this comprehensive review, we aim to provide an in-depth analysis and discussion of the fundamental physicochemical properties, synthesis, and applications of EPMs in the areas of energy conversion, energy storage, and environmental remediation. Our evaluations are based on recent literature on well-established phosphorus allotropes and theoretical predictions of new EPMs. The objective of this review is to enhance our comprehension of the characteristics of EPMs, keep abreast of recent advances, and provide guidance for future research of EPMs in the fields of chemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gengchang Lai
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanpeng Dou
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Zunbin Duan
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Feng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Xingchen He
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Li Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Yanna Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Shulin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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41
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Jaffe G, Holdman GR, Jang MS, Feng D, Kats MA, Brar VW. Effect of Dust and Hot Spots on the Thermal Stability of Laser Sails. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:6852-6858. [PMID: 37499230 PMCID: PMC10416348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Laser sails propelled by gigawatt-scale ground-based laser arrays have the potential to reach relativistic speeds, traversing the solar system in hours and reaching nearby stars in years. Here, we describe the danger interplanetary dust poses to the survival of a laser sail during its acceleration phase. We show through multiphysics simulations how localized heating from a single optically absorbing dust particle on the sail can initiate a thermal runaway process that rapidly spreads and destroys the entire sail. We explore potential mitigation strategies, including increasing the in-plane thermal conductivity of the sail to reduce the peak temperature at hot spots and isolating the absorptive regions of the sail that can burn away individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel
R. Jaffe
- Department
of Physics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gregory R. Holdman
- Department
of Physics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Min Seok Jang
- School
of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Demeng Feng
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mikhail A. Kats
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Victor Watson Brar
- Department
of Physics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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42
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Giri A, Walton SG, Tomko J, Bhatt N, Johnson MJ, Boris DR, Lu G, Caldwell JD, Prezhdo OV, Hopkins PE. Ultrafast and Nanoscale Energy Transduction Mechanisms and Coupled Thermal Transport across Interfaces. ACS NANO 2023; 17:14253-14282. [PMID: 37459320 PMCID: PMC10416573 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The coupled interactions among the fundamental carriers of charge, heat, and electromagnetic fields at interfaces and boundaries give rise to energetic processes that enable a wide array of technologies. The energy transduction among these coupled carriers results in thermal dissipation at these surfaces, often quantified by the thermal boundary resistance, thus driving the functionalities of the modern nanotechnologies that are continuing to provide transformational benefits in computing, communication, health care, clean energy, power recycling, sensing, and manufacturing, to name a few. It is the purpose of this Review to summarize recent works that have been reported on ultrafast and nanoscale energy transduction and heat transfer mechanisms across interfaces when different thermal carriers couple near or across interfaces. We review coupled heat transfer mechanisms at interfaces of solids, liquids, gasses, and plasmas that drive the resulting interfacial heat transfer and temperature gradients due to energy and momentum coupling among various combinations of electrons, vibrons, photons, polaritons (plasmon polaritons and phonon polaritons), and molecules. These interfacial thermal transport processes with coupled energy carriers involve relatively recent research, and thus, several opportunities exist to further develop these nascent fields, which we comment on throughout the course of this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Giri
- Department
of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Scott G. Walton
- Plasma
Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 22032, United States
| | - John Tomko
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Niraj Bhatt
- Department
of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Michael J. Johnson
- Plasma
Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 22032, United States
| | - David R. Boris
- Plasma
Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 22032, United States
| | - Guanyu Lu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Joshua D. Caldwell
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Interdisciplinary
Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Patrick E. Hopkins
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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43
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Ren W, Xue W, Guo S, He R, Deng L, Song S, Sotnikov A, Nielsch K, van den Brink J, Gao G, Chen S, Han Y, Wu J, Chu CW, Wang Z, Wang Y, Ren Z. Vacancy-mediated anomalous phononic and electronic transport in defective half-Heusler ZrNiBi. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4722. [PMID: 37543679 PMCID: PMC10404254 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40492-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of vacancy-mediated anomalous transport properties have flourished in diverse fields since these properties endow solid materials with fascinating photoelectric, ferroelectric, and spin-electric behaviors. Although phononic and electronic transport underpin the physical origin of thermoelectrics, vacancy has only played a stereotyped role as a scattering center. Here we reveal the multifunctionality of vacancy in tailoring the transport properties of an emerging thermoelectric material, defective n-type ZrNiBi. The phonon kinetic process is mediated in both propagating velocity and relaxation time: vacancy-induced local soft bonds lower the phonon velocity while acoustic-optical phonon coupling, anisotropic vibrations, and point-defect scattering induced by vacancy shorten the relaxation time. Consequently, defective ZrNiBi exhibits the lowest lattice thermal conductivity among the half-Heusler family. In addition, a vacancy-induced flat band features prominently in its electronic band structure, which is not only desirable for electron-sufficient thermoelectric materials but also interesting for driving other novel physical phenomena. Finally, better thermoelectric performance is established in a ZrNiBi-based compound. Our findings not only demonstrate a promising thermoelectric material but also promote the fascinating vacancy-mediated anomalous transport properties for multidisciplinary explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyang Ren
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Wenhua Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuping Guo
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Ran He
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Liangzi Deng
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Shaowei Song
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Andrei Sotnikov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Kornelius Nielsch
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Jeroen van den Brink
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Guanhui Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Nano-Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Yimo Han
- Department of Materials Science and Nano-Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jiang Wu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Ching-Wu Chu
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yumei Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhifeng Ren
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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44
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Yan X, Gadre CA, Aoki T, Pan X. Imaging Phonon Dynamics at Hetero-Interfaces by Vibrational EELS. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:649-650. [PMID: 37613320 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxu Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Chaitanya A Gadre
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Toshihiro Aoki
- Irvine Materials Research Institute, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Irvine Materials Research Institute, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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45
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Wang S, Ren L, Han M, Zhou W, Wong C, Bai X, Sun R, Zeng X. Molecular design of a highly matched and bonded interface achieves enhanced thermal boundary conductance. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:8706-8715. [PMID: 37009676 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00627a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial binding and phonon mismatch are two crucial parameters in determining thermal boundary conductance. However, it is difficult for polymer/metal interfaces to possess both significant interfacial binding and weak phonon mismatch to achieve enhanced thermal boundary conductance. Herein, we circumvent this inherent trade-off by synthesizing a polyurethane and thioctic acid (PU-TA) copolymer with multiple hydrogen bonds and dynamic disulfide bonds. Using PU-TA/aluminum (Al) as a model interface, we demonstrate that the thermal boundary conductance of the PU-TA/Al interfaces measured by transient thermoreflectance is 2-5 times higher than that of traditional polymer/Al interfaces, which is attributed to the highly matched and bonded interface. Furthermore, a correlation analysis is developed, which demonstrates that interfacial binding has a greater impact than phonon mismatch on thermal boundary conductance at a highly matched interface. This work provides a systematic understanding of the relative contributions of the two dominant mechanisms to thermal boundary conductance by tailoring the polymer structure, which has applications in thermal management materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - LinLin Ren
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Meng Han
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Chunyu Wong
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xue Bai
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Rong Sun
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Zeng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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46
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Negi A, Rodriguez A, Zhang X, Comstock AH, Yang C, Sun D, Jiang X, Kumah D, Hu M, Liu J. Thickness-Dependent Thermal Conductivity and Phonon Mean Free Path Distribution in Single-Crystalline Barium Titanate. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2301273. [PMID: 37092575 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized perovskite ferroelectrics are widely employed in several electromechanical, photonics, and thermoelectric applications. Scaling of ferroelectric materials entails a severe reduction in the lattice (phonon) thermal conductivity, particularly at sub-100 nm length scales. Such thermal conductivity reduction can be accurately predicted using the information of phonon mean free path (MFP) distribution. The current understanding of phonon MFP distribution in perovskite ferroelectrics is still inconclusive despite the critical thermal management implications. Here, high-quality single-crystalline barium titanate (BTO) thin films, a representative perovskite ferroelectric material, are grown at several thicknesses. Using experimental thermal conductivity measurements and first-principles based modeling (including four-phonon scattering), the phonon MFP distribution is determined in BTO. The simulation results agree with the measured thickness-dependent thermal conductivity. The results show that the phonons with sub-100 nm MFP dominate the thermal transport in BTO, and phonons with MFP exceeding 10 nm contribute ≈35% to the total thermal conductivity, in significant contrast to previously published experimental results. The experimentally validated phonon MFP distribution is consistent with the theoretical predictions of other complex crystals with strong anharmonicity. This work paves the way for thermal management in nanostructured and ferroelectric-domain-engineered systems for oxide perovskite-based functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Negi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Alejandro Rodriguez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Xuanyi Zhang
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Andrew H Comstock
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Cong Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Dali Sun
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Xiaoning Jiang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Divine Kumah
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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47
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Aminorroaya Yamini S, Santos R, Fortulan R, Gazder AA, Malhotra A, Vashaee D, Serhiienko I, Mori T. Room-Temperature Thermoelectric Performance of n-Type Multiphase Pseudobinary Bi 2Te 3-Bi 2S 3 Compounds: Synergic Effects of Phonon Scattering and Energy Filtering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19220-19229. [PMID: 37014987 PMCID: PMC10119860 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth telluride-based alloys possess the highest efficiencies for the low-temperature-range (<500 K) applications among thermoelectric materials. Despite significant advances in the efficiency of p-type Bi2Te3-based materials through engineering the electronic band structure by convergence of multiple bands, the n-type pair still suffers from poor efficiency due to a lower number of electron pockets near the conduction band edge than the valence band. To overcome the persistent low efficiency of n-type Bi2Te3-based materials, we have fabricated multiphase pseudobinary Bi2Te3-Bi2S3 compounds to take advantages of phonon scattering and energy filtering at interfaces, enhancing the efficiency of these materials. The energy barrier generated at the interface of the secondary phase of Bi14Te13S8 in the Bi2Te3 matrix resulted in a higher Seebeck coefficient and consequently a higher power factor in multiphase compounds than the single-phase alloys. This effect was combined with low thermal conductivity achieved through phonon scattering at the interfaces of finely structured multiphase compounds and resulted in a relatively high thermoelectric figure of merit of ∼0.7 over the 300-550 K temperature range for the multiphase sample of n-type Bi2Te2.75S0.25, double the efficiency of single-phase Bi2Te3. Our results inform an alternative alloy design to enhance the performance of thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Aminorroaya Yamini
- Department
of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield
Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1 WB, U.K.
- Materials
and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield
Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, U.K.
| | - Rafael Santos
- Australian
Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, North
Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Raphael Fortulan
- Materials
and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield
Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, U.K.
| | - Azdiar A. Gazder
- Australian
Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, North
Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Abhishek Malhotra
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Daryoosh Vashaee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Illia Serhiienko
- International
Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takao Mori
- International
Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate
School of Pure and Applied Science, University
of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
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48
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Liao X, Denk J, Tran T, Miyajima N, Benker L, Rosenfeldt S, Schafföner S, Retsch M, Greiner A, Motz G, Agarwal S. Extremely low thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity of sustainable carbon-ceramic electrospun nonwoven materials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade6066. [PMID: 37000874 PMCID: PMC10065829 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade6066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Materials with an extremely low thermal and high electrical conductivity that are easy to process, foldable, and nonflammable are required for sustainable applications, notably in energy converters, miniaturized electronics, and high-temperature fuel cells. Given the inherent correlation between high thermal and high electrical conductivity, innovative design concepts that decouple phonon and electron transport are necessary. We achieved this unique combination of thermal conductivity 19.8 ± 7.8 mW/m/K (cross-plane) and 31.8 ± 11.8 mW/m/K (in-plane); electrical conductivity 4.2 S/cm in-plane in electrospun nonwovens comprising carbon as the matrix and silicon-based ceramics as nano-sized inclusions with a sea-island nanostructure. The carbon phase modulates electronic transport for high electrical conductivity, and the ceramic phase induces phonon scattering for low thermal conductivity by excessive boundary scattering. Our strategy can be used to fabricate the unique nonwoven materials for real-world applications and will inspire the design of materials made from carbon and ceramic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Liao
- Macromolecular Chemistry 2 and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Jakob Denk
- Chair of Ceramic Materials Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Thomas Tran
- Physical Chemistry 1 Department of Chemistry, Bavarian Polymer Institute, Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces, Bavarian Center for Battery Technology (BayBatt), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Nobuyoshi Miyajima
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Lothar Benker
- Macromolecular Chemistry 2 and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Sabine Rosenfeldt
- Physical Chemistry 1 Department of Chemistry, Bavarian Polymer Institute, Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces, Bavarian Center for Battery Technology (BayBatt), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Stefan Schafföner
- Chair of Ceramic Materials Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Markus Retsch
- Physical Chemistry 1 Department of Chemistry, Bavarian Polymer Institute, Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces, Bavarian Center for Battery Technology (BayBatt), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Andreas Greiner
- Macromolecular Chemistry 2 and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Günter Motz
- Chair of Ceramic Materials Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Macromolecular Chemistry 2, Bavarian Polymer Institute, Bavarian Center for Battery Technology (BayBatt), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
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49
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Kong F, Yan J, Zhang C, Yang W, Wang K, Zhang C, Shao T. High Performance Epoxy Composites Containing Nanofiller Modified by Plasma Bubbles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16009-16016. [PMID: 36926814 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The thermal conductivity of polymer materials is a fundamental parameter in the field of high-voltage electrical insulation. When the operating frequency and power for electrical equipment or electronic devices increase significantly, the internal heat will increase dramatically, and the accumulation of heat will further lead to insulation failure and serious damage of the whole system. The addition of filler with high thermal conductivity into polymer is a common solution. However, the interfacial thermal resistance between filler and bulk materials is the major obstacle to improve thermal conductivity. Herein, in order to reduce the interfacial thermal resistance, nanofillers are modified by plasma technology. The surface modification of nano-Al2O3 is carried out using plasma bubbles with three atmospheres (Ar, Ar+O2, air) as well as coupling agent. The situation of surface grafting before and after the modification is characterized using FTIR, XPS, and SEM. The effect of the mechanism of modification on the thermal conductivity and reaction pathway is investigated. The results showed that the thermal conductivity after plasma modification is increased significantly. Especially, the thermal conductivity is increased by 35% for the sample modified by Ar+O2 atmosphere. This results because more hydroxyl is introduced on the filler surface by the plasma bubbles, which enhance the interface compatibility between filler and epoxy. In addition, surface insulation performance for the modified samples also is enhanced by 14%. This is associated with the change of surface resistance and trap distribution. These results provide potential support for the development of fabrication for high performance epoxy composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology, State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102209, China
- Beijing International S&T Cooperation Base for Plasma Science and Energy Conversion, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jingyi Yan
- Beijing International S&T Cooperation Base for Plasma Science and Energy Conversion, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chuansheng Zhang
- Beijing International S&T Cooperation Base for Plasma Science and Energy Conversion, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology, State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology, State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Beijing International S&T Cooperation Base for Plasma Science and Energy Conversion, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Beijing International S&T Cooperation Base for Plasma Science and Energy Conversion, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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50
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Li J, Yang R, Rho Y, Ci P, Eliceiri M, Park HK, Wu J, Grigoropoulos CP. Ultrafast Optical Nanoscopy of Carrier Dynamics in Silicon Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1445-1450. [PMID: 36695528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carrier distribution and dynamics in semiconductor materials often govern their physical properties that are critical to functionalities and performance in industrial applications. The continued miniaturization of electronic and photonic devices calls for tools to probe carrier behavior in semiconductors simultaneously at the picosecond time and nanometer length scales. Here, we report pump-probe optical nanoscopy in the visible-near-infrared spectral region to characterize the carrier dynamics in silicon nanostructures. By coupling experiments with the point-dipole model, we resolve the size-dependent photoexcited carrier lifetime in individual silicon nanowires. We further demonstrate local carrier decay time mapping in silicon nanostructures with a sub-50 nm spatial resolution. Our study enables the nanoimaging of ultrafast carrier kinetics, which will find promising applications in the future design of a broad range of electronic, photonic, and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Li
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Rundi Yang
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Yoonsoo Rho
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Physical & Life Sciences and NIF & Photon Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Penghong Ci
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Matthew Eliceiri
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Hee K Park
- Laser Prismatics, LLC, San Jose, California95129, United States
| | - Junqiao Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Costas P Grigoropoulos
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
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