1
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Brook B, Duval V, Barman S, Speciner L, Sweitzer C, Khanmohammed A, Menon M, Foster K, Ghosh P, Abedi K, Koster J, Nanishi E, Baden LR, Levy O, VanCott T, Micol R, Dowling DJ. Adjuvantation of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine with controlled tissue-specific expression of an mRNA encoding IL-12p70. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadm8451. [PMID: 39047117 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adm8451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines were pivotal in reducing severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection burden, yet they have not demonstrated robust durability, especially in older adults. Here, we describe a molecular adjuvant comprising a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA encoding interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70). The bioactive adjuvant was engineered with a multiorgan protection (MOP) sequence to restrict transcript expression to the intramuscular injection site. Admixing IL-12-MOP (CTX-1796) with the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine increased spike protein-specific immune responses in mice. Specifically, the benefits of IL-12-MOP adjuvantation included amplified humoral and cellular immunity and increased immune durability for 1 year after vaccination in mice. An additional benefit included the restoration of immunity in aged mice to amounts comparable to those achieved in young adult animals, alongside amplification with a single immunization. Associated enhanced dendritic cell and germinal center responses were observed. Together, these data demonstrate that an LNP-encapsulated IL-12-MOP mRNA-encoded adjuvant can amplify immunogenicity independent of age, demonstrating translational potential to benefit vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Brook
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Valerie Duval
- Combined Therapeutics Incorporated, Boston, MA 02135, USA
| | - Soumik Barman
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Cali Sweitzer
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Manisha Menon
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Pallab Ghosh
- Combined Therapeutics Incorporated, Boston, MA 02135, USA
| | - Kimia Abedi
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jacob Koster
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Etsuro Nanishi
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lindsey R Baden
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Thomas VanCott
- Combined Therapeutics Incorporated, Boston, MA 02135, USA
| | - Romain Micol
- Combined Therapeutics Incorporated, Boston, MA 02135, USA
| | - David J Dowling
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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2
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Carretero D, Giménez E, Albert E, Colomer E, Torres I, Olea B, Sánchez-Simarro Á, Navarro D. SARS-CoV-2-Spike T-cell response after receiving one or two Wuhan-Hu-1-based mRNA COVID-19 vaccine booster doses in elderly nursing home residents. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29790. [PMID: 38994662 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The effect of COVID-19 booster vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 T-cell mediated immune responses in elderly nursing home residents has not been explored in depth. Thirty-nine elderly nursing home residents (median age, 91 years) were included, all fully vaccinated with mRNA vaccines. The frequency of and the integrated mean fluorescence (iMFI) for peripheral blood SARS-CoV-2-Spike reactive IFN-γ-producing CD4+ or CD8+ T cells before and after the first (Pre-3D and Post-3D) and second (Pre-4D and Post-4D) vaccine booster doses was determined using flow cytometry for an intracellular staining method. 3D increased significantly (p = 0.01) the percentage of participants displaying detectable SARS-CoV-2-T-cell responses compared with pre-3D (97% vs. 74%). The magnitude of the increase was statistically significant for CD8+ T cells (p = 0.007) but not for CD4+ T cells (p = 0.77). A trend towards higher frequencies of peripheral blood SARS-CoV-2-CD8+ T cells was observed post-3D compared with pre-3D (p = 0.06). The percentage of participants with detectable SARS-S-CoV-2 CD4+ T-cell responses decreased post-4D (p = 0.035). Following 4D, a nonsignificant decrease in the frequencies of both T cell subsets was noticed (p = 0.94 for CD8+ T cells and p = 0.06 for CD4+ T cells). iMFI data mirrored that of T-cell frequencies. The kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 CD8+ and CD4+ T cells following receipt of 3D and 4D were comparable across SARS-CoV-2-experienced and -naïve participants and between individuals receiving a homologous or heterologous vaccine booster. 3D increased the percentage of elderly nursing home residents displaying detectable SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses but had a marginal effect on T-cell frequencies. The impact of 4D on SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses was negligible; whether this was due to suboptimal priming or rapid waning could not be ascertained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Carretero
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estela Giménez
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliseo Albert
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ester Colomer
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Torres
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Olea
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángela Sánchez-Simarro
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Navarro
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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3
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Mei HE, Schulz AR, Hirseland H, Diekmann LM, Habermann E, Ten Hagen A, Albach F, Burmester GR, Grützkau A, Biesen R. Prophylactic antibodies inhibit spike-specific T and B cell responses after COVID-19 vaccination. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29778. [PMID: 38965882 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Active and passive immunization is used in high-risk patients to prevent severe courses of COVID-19, but the impact of prophylactic neutralizing antibodies on the immune reaction to the mRNA vaccines has remained enigmatic. Here we show that CD4 T and B cell responses to Spikevax booster immunization are suppressed by the therapeutic antibodies Casirivimab and Imdevimab. B cell and T cell responses were significantly induced in controls but not in antibody-treated patients. The data indicates that humoral immunity, i. e. high levels of antibodies, negatively impacts reactive immunity, resulting in blunted cellular responses upon boosting. This argues for temporal separation of vaccination efforts; with active vaccination preferably applied before prophylactic therapeutic antibody treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Middle Aged
- Male
- Female
- Vaccination
- Adult
- Aged
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Immunization, Secondary
- Immunity, Humoral
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik E Mei
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Ronald Schulz
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Hirseland
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Diekmann
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Habermann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Ten Hagen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fredrik Albach
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd-Rüdiger Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Grützkau
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Biesen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Tan MW, Anelone AJN, Tay AT, Tan RY, Zeng K, Tan KB, Clapham HE. Differences in virus and immune dynamics for SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron infections by age and vaccination histories. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:654. [PMID: 38951848 PMCID: PMC11218222 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against COVID-19 was integral to controlling the pandemic that persisted with the continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Using a mathematical model describing SARS-CoV-2 within-host infection dynamics, we estimate differences in virus and immunity due to factors of infecting variant, age, and vaccination history (vaccination brand, number of doses and time since vaccination). We fit our model in a Bayesian framework to upper respiratory tract viral load measurements obtained from cases of Delta and Omicron infections in Singapore, of whom the majority only had one nasopharyngeal swab measurement. With this dataset, we are able to recreate similar trends in URT virus dynamics observed in past within-host modelling studies fitted to longitudinal patient data.We found that Omicron had higher R0,within values than Delta, indicating greater initial cell-to-cell spread of infection within the host. Moreover, heterogeneities in infection dynamics across patient subgroups could be recreated by fitting immunity-related parameters as vaccination history-specific, with or without age modification. Our model results are consistent with the notion of immunosenescence in SARS-CoV-2 infection in elderly individuals, and the issue of waning immunity with increased time since last vaccination. Lastly, vaccination was not found to subdue virus dynamics in Omicron infections as well as it had for Delta infections.This study provides insight into the influence of vaccine-elicited immunity on SARS-CoV-2 within-host dynamics, and the interplay between age and vaccination history. Furthermore, it demonstrates the need to disentangle host factors and changes in pathogen to discern factors influencing virus dynamics. Finally, this work demonstrates a way forward in the study of within-host virus dynamics, by use of viral load datasets including a large number of patients without repeated measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine W Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Anet J N Anelone
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Kangwei Zeng
- Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelvin Bryan Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hannah Eleanor Clapham
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Kakugawa T, Mimura Y, Mimura-Kimura Y, Doi K, Ohteru Y, Kakugawa H, Oishi K, Kakugawa M, Hirano T, Matsunaga K. Kinetics of pro- and anti-inflammatory spike-specific cellular immune responses in long-term care facility residents after COVID-19 mRNA primary and booster vaccination: a prospective longitudinal study in Japan. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:41. [PMID: 38909235 PMCID: PMC11193299 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The magnitude and durability of cell-mediated immunity in older and severely frail individuals following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination remain unclear. A controlled immune response could be the key to preventing severe COVID-19; however, it is uncertain whether vaccination induces an anti-inflammatory cellular immune response. To address these issues, a 48-week-long prospective longitudinal study was conducted. A total of 106 infection-naive participants (57 long-term care facility [LTCF] residents [median age; 89.0 years], 28 outpatients [median age; 72.0 years], and 21 healthcare workers [median age; 51.0 years]) provided peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples for the assessment of spike-specific PBMC responses before primary vaccination, 24 weeks after primary vaccination, and three months after booster vaccination. Cellular immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein were examined by measuring interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 levels secreted from the spike protein peptide-stimulated PBMCs of participants. RESULTS LTCF residents exhibited significantly lower IFN-γ, TNF, IL-2, and IL-6 levels than healthcare workers after the primary vaccination. Booster vaccination increased IL-2 and IL-6 levels in LTCF residents comparable to those in healthcare workers, whereas IFN-γ and TNF levels in LTCF residents remained significantly lower than those in healthcare workers. IL-10 levels were not significantly different from the initial values after primary vaccination but increased significantly after booster vaccination in all subgroups. Multivariate analysis showed that age was negatively associated with IFN-γ, TNF, IL-2, and IL-6 levels but not with IL-10 levels. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF, IL-2, and IL-6, were positively correlated with humoral immune responses, whereas IL-10 levels were not. CONCLUSIONS Older and severely frail individuals may exhibit diminished spike-specific PBMC responses following COVID-19 vaccination compared to the general population. A single booster vaccination may not adequately enhance cell-mediated immunity in older and severely frail individuals to a level comparable to that in the general population. Furthermore, booster vaccination may induce not only a pro-inflammatory cellular immune response but also an anti-inflammatory cellular immune response, potentially mitigating detrimental hyperinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kakugawa
- Department of Pulmonology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan.
- Medical Corporation WADOKAI, Hofu Rehabilitation Hospital, Hofu, Japan.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Mimura
- The Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan
| | - Yuka Mimura-Kimura
- The Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan
| | - Keiko Doi
- Department of Pulmonology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ohteru
- Medical Corporation WADOKAI, Hofu Rehabilitation Hospital, Hofu, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kakugawa
- Medical Corporation WADOKAI, Hofu Rehabilitation Hospital, Hofu, Japan
| | - Keiji Oishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kakugawa
- Medical Corporation WADOKAI, Hofu Rehabilitation Hospital, Hofu, Japan
| | - Tsunahiko Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazuto Matsunaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
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6
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Chambers ES, Cai W, Vivaldi G, Jolliffe DA, Perdek N, Li W, Faustini SE, Gibbons JM, Pade C, Richter AG, Coussens AK, Martineau AR. Influence of individuals' determinants including vaccine type on cellular and humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:87. [PMID: 38778017 PMCID: PMC11111746 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccine development targeting SARS-CoV-2 in 2020 was of critical importance in reducing COVID-19 severity and mortality. In the U.K. during the initial roll-out most individuals either received two doses of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2) or the adenovirus-based vaccine from Oxford/AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-nCoV-19). There are conflicting data as to the impact of age, sex and body habitus on cellular and humoral responses to vaccination, and most studies in this area have focused on determinants of mRNA vaccine immunogenicity. Here, we studied a cohort of participants in a population-based longitudinal study (COVIDENCE UK) to determine the influence of age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and pre-vaccination anti-Spike (anti-S) antibody status on vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immune responses to two doses of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx-n-CoV-19 vaccination. Younger age and pre-vaccination anti-S seropositivity were both associated with stronger antibody responses to vaccination. BNT162b2 generated higher neutralising and anti-S antibody titres to vaccination than ChAdOx1-nCoV-19, but cellular responses to the two vaccines were no different. Irrespective of vaccine type, increasing age was also associated with decreased frequency of cytokine double-positive CD4+T cells. Increasing BMI was associated with reduced frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific TNF+CD8% T cells for both vaccines. Together, our findings demonstrate that increasing age and BMI are associated with attenuated cellular and humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Whilst both vaccines induced T cell responses, BNT162b2 induced significantly elevated humoral immune response as compared to ChAdOx-n-CoV-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S Chambers
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Weigang Cai
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Giulia Vivaldi
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - David A Jolliffe
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Natalia Perdek
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Wenhao Li
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Sian E Faustini
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentristry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Corinna Pade
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentristry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Alex G Richter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Anna K Coussens
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Adrian R Martineau
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
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7
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Park JS, Jeon J, Um J, Choi YY, Kim MK, Lee KS, Sung HK, Jang HC, Chin B, Kim CK, Oh MD, Lee CS. Magnitude and Duration of Serum Neutralizing Antibody Titers Induced by a Third mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination against Omicron BA.1 in Older Individuals. Infect Chemother 2024; 56:25-36. [PMID: 38014726 PMCID: PMC10990888 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2023.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) is dominating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide. The waning protective effect of available vaccines against the Omicron variant is a critical public health issue. This study aimed to assess the impact of the third COVID-19 vaccination on immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 strain in older individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adults aged ≥60 years who had completed two doses of the homologous COVID-19 vaccine with either BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech, New York, NY, USA, BNT) or ChAdOx1 nCoV (SK bioscience, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, ChAd) were registered to receive the third vaccination. Participants chose either BNT or mRNA-1273 (Moderna, Norwood, MA, USA, m1273) mRNA vaccine for the third dose and were categorized into four groups: ChAd/ChAd/BNT, ChAd/ChAd/m1273, BNT/BNT/BNT, and BNT/BNT/m1273. Four serum specimens were obtained from each participant at 0, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after the third dose (V1, V2, V3, and V4, respectively). Serum-neutralizing antibody (NAb) activity against BetaCoV/Korea/KCDC03/2020 (NCCP43326, ancestral strain) and B.1.1.529 (NCCP43411, Omicron BA.1 variant) was measured using plaque reduction neutralization tests. A 50% neutralizing dilution (ND50) >10 was considered indicative of protective NAb titers. RESULTS In total, 186 participants were enrolled between November 24, 2021, and June 30, 2022. The respective groups received the third dose at a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 132 (125 - 191), 123 (122 - 126), 186 (166 - 193), and 182 (175 - 198) days after the second dose. Overall, ND50 was lower at V1 against Omicron BA.1 than against the ancestral strain. NAb titers against the ancestral strain and Omicron BA.1 variant at V2 were increased at least 30-fold (median [IQR], 1235.35 [1021.45 - 2374.65)] and 129.8 [65.3 - 250.7], respectively). ND50 titers against the ancestral strain and Omicron variant did not differ significantly among the four groups (P = 0.57). NAb titers were significantly lower against the Omicron variant than against the ancestral strain at V3 (median [IQR], 36.4 (17.55 - 75.09) vs. 325.9 [276.07 - 686.97]; P = 0.012). NAb titers against Omicron at V4 were 16 times lower than that at V3. Most sera exhibited a protective level (ND50 >10) at V4 (75.0% [24/32], 73.0% [27/37], 73.3% [22/30], and 70.6% [12/17] in the ChAd/ChAd/BNT, ChAd/ChAd/m1273, BNT/BNT/BNT, and BNT/BNT/m1273 groups, respectively), with no significant differences among groups (P = 0.99). CONCLUSION A third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose restored waning NAb titers against Omicron BA.1. Our findings support a third-dose vaccination program to prevent the waning of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Sun Park
- Research Institute for Public Healthcare, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaehyun Jeon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihye Um
- Research Institute for Public Healthcare, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Young Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Shin Lee
- Research Institute for Public Healthcare, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Kyung Sung
- Research Institute for Public Healthcare, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Chang Jang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - BumSik Chin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choon Kwan Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, VHS Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-don Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Seop Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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8
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Usai C, Ainsua-Enrich E, Gales VU, Pradenas E, Lorca-Oró C, Tarrés-Freixas F, Roca N, Pérez M, Ávila-Nieto C, Rodríguez de la Concepción ML, Pedreño-Lopez N, Carabelli J, Trinité B, Ballana E, Riveira-Muñoz E, Izquierdo-Useros N, Clotet B, Blanco J, Guallar V, Cantero G, Vergara-Alert J, Carrillo J, Segalés J. Immunisation efficacy of a stabilised SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in two geriatric animal models. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:48. [PMID: 38413645 PMCID: PMC10899648 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00840-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Age is associated with reduced efficacy of vaccines and linked to higher risk of severe COVID-19. Here we determined the impact of ageing on the efficacy of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on a stabilised Spike glycoprotein (S-29) that had previously shown high efficacy in young animals. Thirteen to 18-month-old golden Syrian hamsters (GSH) and 22-23-month-old K18-hCAE2 mice were immunised twice with S-29 protein in AddaVaxTM adjuvant. GSH were intranasally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 either two weeks or four months after the booster dose, while all K18-hACE2 mice were intranasally inoculated two weeks after the second immunisation. Body weight and clinical signs were recorded daily post-inoculation. Lesions and viral load were investigated in different target tissues. Immunisation induced seroconversion and production of neutralising antibodies; however, animals were only partially protected from weight loss. We observed a significant reduction in the amount of viral RNA and a faster viral protein clearance in the tissues of immunized animals. Infectious particles showed a faster decay in vaccinated animals while tissue lesion development was not altered. In GSH, the shortest interval between immunisation and inoculation reduced RNA levels in the lungs, while the longest interval was equally effective in reducing RNA in nasal turbinates; viral nucleoprotein amount decreased in both tissues. In mice, immunisation was able to improve the survival of infected animals. Despite the high protection shown in young animals, S-29 efficacy was reduced in the geriatric population. Our research highlights the importance of testing vaccine efficacy in older animals as part of preclinical vaccine evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Usai
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Lorca-Oró
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ferran Tarrés-Freixas
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Núria Roca
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruit, Badalona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC. ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC. ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic - UCC), Vic, Catalonia, Spain
- Fundació Lluita contra les Infeccions, Badalona, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruit, Badalona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC. ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic - UCC), Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Victor Guallar
- Life Science Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Cantero
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Júlia Vergara-Alert
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruit, Badalona, Spain.
- CIBERINFEC. ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.
- Department de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.
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9
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Wagatsuma K, Saito R, Yoshioka S, Yamazaki S, Sato R, Iwaya M, Takahashi Y, Chon I, Naito M, Watanabe H. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody after the second and third mRNA vaccinations in staff and residents in a nursing home with a previous COVID-19 outbreak in Niigata, Japan. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:164-168. [PMID: 37739181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
This study measured IgG antibody titers against spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins of SARS-CoV-2 before vaccination and after the second and third doses of an mRNA vaccine in staff and residents of a nursing home in Niigata, Japan. The study included 52 staff members, of whom six (11.5%) were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, and 32 older residents, of whom 22 (68.8%) were previously infected. All participants received the first two doses in April-July 2021 and a third dose in January-March 2022. In staff, the median anti-S antibody titers (interquartile range) in previously infected and SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals before vaccination were 960 (592-1,926) and 0.5 (0.0-2.1) arbitrary units (AU)/mL. Anti-S antibody titers 5 months after the second and third doses in previously infected staff were 7,391 (5,230-7,747) and 10,195 (5,582-13,886) AU. In residents, the median anti-S antibody titers in previously infected and naïve individuals before vaccination were 734 (425-1,934) and 1.1 (0.0-3.1) AU/mL. Anti-S antibody titers at 5 months after the second and third doses in previously infected residents were 15,872 (9,683-21,557) and 13,813 (6,689-20,839) AU/mL; however, there were no significant differences in titers between the second and third doses in previously infected residents. Anti-N antibody titers were higher in previously infected than naïve individuals, and titers decreased chronologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Wagatsuma
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yoshioka
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamazaki
- Niigata City Public Health and Sanitation Center, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sato
- Niigata City Public Health and Sanitation Center, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masako Iwaya
- Niigata City Public Health and Sanitation Center, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Irina Chon
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Hisami Watanabe
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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10
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Laquintana V, Mottini C, Marchesi F, Marcozzi B, Terrenato I, Sperandio E, de Latouliere L, Carrieri F, Pimpinelli F, Pontone M, Pellini R, Campo F, Conti L, Accetta C, Mandoj C, Petrone F, Di Bella O, Vujovic B, Morrone A, Compagnone M, Principato E, Pinto E, Papa E, Falcucci P, La Malfa A, Pallocca M, De Marco F, Piaggio G, Ciliberto G, Mengarelli A, di Martino S. Dynamics of humoral and cellular response to three doses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with hematological malignancies and older subjects. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1221587. [PMID: 38343436 PMCID: PMC10853639 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Few data are available about the durability of the response, the induction of neutralizing antibodies, and the cellular response upon the third dose of the anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine in hemato-oncological patients. Objective To investigate the antibody and cellular response to the BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with hematological malignancy. Methods We measured SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibodies, anti-Omicron neutralizing antibodies, and T-cell responses 1 month after the third dose of vaccine in 93 fragile patients with hematological malignancy (FHM), 51 fragile not oncological subjects (FNO) aged 80-92, and 47 employees of the hospital (healthcare workers, (HW), aged 23-66 years. Blood samples were collected at day 0 (T0), 21 (T1), 35 (T2), 84 (T3), 168 (T4), 351 (T pre-3D), and 381 (T post-3D) after the first dose of vaccine. Serum IgG antibodies against S1/S2 antigens of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were measured at every time point. Neutralizing antibodies were measured at T2, T3 (anti-Alpha), T4 (anti-Delta), and T post-3D (anti-Omicron). T cell response was assessed at T post-3D. Results An increase in anti-S1/S2 antigen antibodies compared to T0 was observed in the three groups at T post-3D. After the third vaccine dose, the median antibody level of FHM subjects was higher than after the second dose and above the putative protection threshold, although lower than in the other groups. The neutralizing activity of antibodies against the Omicron variant of the virus was tested at T2 and T post-3D. 42.3% of FHM, 80,0% of FNO, and 90,0% of HW had anti-Omicron neutralizing antibodies at T post-3D. To get more insight into the breadth of antibody responses, we analyzed neutralizing capacity against BA.4/BA.5, BF.7, BQ.1, XBB.1.5 since also for the Omicron variants, different mutations have been reported especially for the spike protein. The memory T-cell response was lower in FHM than in FNO and HW cohorts. Data on breakthrough infections and deaths suggested that the positivity threshold of the test is protective after the third dose of the vaccine in all cohorts. Conclusion FHM have a relevant response to the BNT162b2 vaccine, with increasing antibody levels after the third dose coupled with, although low, a T-cell response. FHM need repeated vaccine doses to attain a protective immunological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Laquintana
- UOC Anatomy Pathology, Biobank IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Mottini
- UOSD SAFU, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Marchesi
- UOSD Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Marcozzi
- UOSD Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistic and Bionformatic, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- UOSD Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistic and Bionformatic, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Sperandio
- UOSD Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistic and Bionformatic, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa de Latouliere
- UOSD SAFU, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Carrieri
- UOC D.I.T.R.A.R. IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Pimpinelli
- UOSD of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Pontone
- UOSD of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Raul Pellini
- UOC Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Campo
- UOC Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- UOSD Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Celeste Accetta
- UOC Anatomy Pathology, Biobank IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Mandoj
- UOSD Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Petrone
- UOC D.I.T.R.A.R. IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Di Bella
- Medical Direction, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Branka Vujovic
- Medical Direction, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Morrone
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Elena Papa
- UOSD Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Falcucci
- UOSD Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia La Malfa
- Pharmacy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute and San Gallicano Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Pallocca
- UOSD Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistic and Bionformatic, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Federico De Marco
- UOSD SAFU, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- UOSD SAFU, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Mengarelli
- UOSD Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Simona di Martino
- UOC Anatomy Pathology, Biobank IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
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11
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Mayer L, Weskamm LM, Fathi A, Kono M, Heidepriem J, Krähling V, Mellinghoff SC, Ly ML, Friedrich M, Hardtke S, Borregaard S, Hesterkamp T, Loeffler FF, Volz A, Sutter G, Becker S, Dahlke C, Addo MM. MVA-based vaccine candidates encoding the native or prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike reveal differential immunogenicity in humans. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:20. [PMID: 38278816 PMCID: PMC10817990 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple vaccines were developed using platforms such as viral vectors and mRNA technology. Here, we report humoral and cellular immunogenicity data from human phase 1 clinical trials investigating two recombinant Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara vaccine candidates, MVA-SARS-2-S and MVA-SARS-2-ST, encoding the native and the prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, respectively. MVA-SARS-2-ST was more immunogenic than MVA-SARS-2-S, but both were less immunogenic compared to licensed mRNA- and ChAd-based vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals. In heterologous vaccination, previous MVA-SARS-2-S vaccination enhanced T cell functionality and MVA-SARS-2-ST boosted the frequency of T cells and S1-specific IgG levels when used as a third vaccination. While the vaccine candidate containing the prefusion-stabilized spike elicited predominantly S1-specific responses, immunity to the candidate with the native spike was skewed towards S2-specific responses. These data demonstrate how the spike antigen conformation, using the same viral vector, directly affects vaccine immunogenicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Mayer
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Leonie M Weskamm
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anahita Fathi
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maya Kono
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Heidepriem
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Verena Krähling
- Institute for Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle C Mellinghoff
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Centre for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), German CLL Group (GCLLSG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - My Linh Ly
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monika Friedrich
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Hardtke
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Hesterkamp
- German Centre for Infection Research, Translational Project Management Office, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Felix F Loeffler
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Asisa Volz
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hannover-Brunswick, Hanover, Germany
| | - Gerd Sutter
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute for Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christine Dahlke
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany.
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12
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Röltgen K, Boyd SD. Antibody and B Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination: The End of the Beginning. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:69-97. [PMID: 37738512 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-042754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic has evolved during the past years, interactions between human immune systems, rapidly mutating and selected SARS-CoV-2 viral variants, and effective vaccines have complicated the landscape of individual immunological histories. Here, we review some key findings for antibody and B cell-mediated immunity, including responses to the highly mutated omicron variants; immunological imprinting and other impacts of successive viral antigenic variant exposures on antibody and B cell memory; responses in secondary lymphoid and mucosal tissues and non-neutralizing antibody-mediated immunity; responses in populations vulnerable to severe disease such as those with cancer, immunodeficiencies, and other comorbidities, as well as populations showing apparent resistance to severe disease such as many African populations; and evidence of antibody involvement in postacute sequelae of infection or long COVID. Despite the initial phase of the pandemic ending, human populations will continue to face challenges presented by this unpredictable virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Röltgen
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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13
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Romero-Olmedo AJ, Schulz AR, Das Gupta D, Staudenraus D, Hirseland H, Camara B, Ferrara S, Schulze-Koops H, Rummel M, Mei HE, Lohoff M, Keller C. Unusual T SCM -like cells with poly-chemokine-receptor expression in a B-cell-depleted survivor of severe COVID-19. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29367. [PMID: 38235935 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Addi Josua Romero-Olmedo
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Ronald Schulz
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Das Gupta
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Staudenraus
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Heike Hirseland
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bärbel Camara
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ferrara
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schulze-Koops
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Rummel
- Department for Haematology, Clinic for Haematology and Medical Oncology, Justus-Liebig University-Hospital, Gießen, Germany
| | - Henrik E Mei
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Lohoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Keller
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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14
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Gonçalves BP, Jassat W, Baruch J, Hashmi M, Rojek A, Dasgupta A, Martin-Loeches I, Reyes LF, Piubelli C, Citarella BW, Kartsonaki C, Lefèvre B, López Revilla JW, Lunn M, Harrison EM, Kraemer MUG, Shrapnel S, Horby P, Bisoffi Z, Olliaro PL, Merson L. A multi-country analysis of COVID-19 hospitalizations by vaccination status. MED 2023; 4:797-812.e2. [PMID: 37738979 PMCID: PMC10935543 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), when infected, can still develop disease that requires hospitalization. It remains unclear whether these patients differ from hospitalized unvaccinated patients with regard to presentation, coexisting comorbidities, and outcomes. METHODS Here, we use data from an international consortium to study this question and assess whether differences between these groups are context specific. Data from 83,163 hospitalized COVID-19 patients (34,843 vaccinated, 48,320 unvaccinated) from 38 countries were analyzed. FINDINGS While typical symptoms were more often reported in unvaccinated patients, comorbidities, including some associated with worse prognosis in previous studies, were more common in vaccinated patients. Considerable between-country variation in both in-hospital fatality risk and vaccinated-versus-unvaccinated difference in this outcome was observed. CONCLUSIONS These findings will inform allocation of healthcare resources in future surges as well as design of longer-term international studies to characterize changes in clinical profile of hospitalized COVID-19 patients related to vaccination history. FUNDING This work was made possible by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and Wellcome (215091/Z/18/Z, 222410/Z/21/Z, 225288/Z/22/Z, and 220757/Z/20/Z); the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1209135); and the philanthropic support of the donors to the University of Oxford's COVID-19 Research Response Fund (0009109). Additional funders are listed in the "acknowledgments" section.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waasila Jassat
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa; Right to Care, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Joaquín Baruch
- ISARIC, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Madiha Hashmi
- Critical Care Asia and Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amanda Rojek
- ISARIC, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Abhishek Dasgupta
- Doctoral Training Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ignacio Martin-Loeches
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), St James's Hospital, Leinster, Dublin, Ireland; Pulmonary Intensive Care Unit, Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), University of Barcelona, CIBERes, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Felipe Reyes
- Unisabana Center for Translational Science, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Chiara Piubelli
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trials Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Lefèvre
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France
| | - José W López Revilla
- Instituto Nacional del Niño San Borja and Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Miles Lunn
- ISARIC, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ewen M Harrison
- Centre for Medical Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Moritz U G Kraemer
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sally Shrapnel
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia; School of Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Horby
- ISARIC, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zeno Bisoffi
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Piero L Olliaro
- ISARIC, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura Merson
- ISARIC, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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15
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Roessler J, Pich D, Krähling V, Becker S, Keppler OT, Zeidler R, Hammerschmidt W. SARS-CoV-2 and Epstein-Barr Virus-like Particles Associate and Fuse with Extracellular Vesicles in Virus Neutralization Tests. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2892. [PMID: 38001893 PMCID: PMC10669694 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful development of effective viral vaccines depends on well-known correlates of protection, high immunogenicity, acceptable safety criteria, low reactogenicity, and well-designed immune monitoring and serology. Virus-neutralizing antibodies are often a good correlate of protective immunity, and their serum concentration is a key parameter during the pre-clinical and clinical testing of vaccine candidates. Viruses are inherently infectious and potentially harmful, but we and others developed replication-defective SARS-CoV-2 virus-like-particles (VLPs) as surrogates for infection to quantitate neutralizing antibodies with appropriate target cells using a split enzyme-based approach. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-derived VLPs associate and fuse with extracellular vesicles in a highly specific manner, mediated by the respective viral fusion proteins and their corresponding host receptors. We highlight the capacity of virus-neutralizing antibodies to interfere with this interaction and demonstrate a potent application using this technology. To overcome the common limitations of most virus neutralization tests, we developed a quick in vitro diagnostic assay based on the fusion of SARS-CoV-2 VLPs with susceptible vesicles to quantitate neutralizing antibodies without the need for infectious viruses or living cells. We validated this method by testing a set of COVID-19 patient serum samples, correlated the results with those of a conventional test, and found good sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this serological assay can be adapted to a human herpesvirus, EBV, and possibly other enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Roessler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.R.); (R.Z.)
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Dagmar Pich
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Verena Krähling
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (V.K.); (S.B.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (V.K.); (S.B.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Oliver T. Keppler
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), LMU University Hospital, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Zeidler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.R.); (R.Z.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hammerschmidt
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
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16
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Allué-Guardia A, Torrelles JB, Sigal A. Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in the elderly: factors driving a higher burden of disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250198. [PMID: 37841265 PMCID: PMC10569613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and SARS-CoV-2 are both infections that can lead to severe disease in the lower lung. However, these two infections are caused by very different pathogens (Mycobacterium vs. virus), they have different mechanisms of pathogenesis and immune response, and differ in how long the infection lasts. Despite the differences, SARS-CoV-2 and M.tb share a common feature, which is also frequently observed in other respiratory infections: the burden of disease in the elderly is greater. Here, we discuss possible reasons for the higher burden in older adults, including the effect of co-morbidities, deterioration of the lung environment, auto-immunity, and a reduced antibody response. While the answer is likely to be multifactorial, understanding the main drivers across different infections may allow us to design broader interventions that increase the health-span of older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Allué-Guardia
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jordi B. Torrelles
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- International Center for the Advancement of Research and Education (I•CARE), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alex Sigal
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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17
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Pflumm D, Seidel A, Klein F, Groß R, Krutzke L, Kochanek S, Kroschel J, Münch J, Stifter K, Schirmbeck R. Heterologous DNA-prime/protein-boost immunization with a monomeric SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen redundantizes the trimeric receptor-binding domain structure to induce neutralizing antibodies in old mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1231274. [PMID: 37753087 PMCID: PMC10518615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1231274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A multitude of alterations in the old immune system impair its functional integrity. Closely related, older individuals show, for example, a reduced responsiveness to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines. However, systematic strategies to specifically improve the efficacy of vaccines in the old are missing or limited to simple approaches like increasing the antigen concentration or injection frequencies. We here asked whether the intrinsic, trimeric structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) antigen and/or a DNA- or protein-based antigen delivery platform affects priming of functional antibody responses particularly in old mice. The used S-antigens were primarily defined by the presence/absence of the membrane-anchoring TM domain and the closely interlinked formation/non-formation of a trimeric structure of the receptor binding domain (S-RBD). Among others, we generated vectors expressing prefusion-stabilized, cell-associated (TM+) trimeric "S2-P" or secreted (TM-) monomeric "S6-PΔTM" antigens. These proteins were produced from vector-transfected HEK-293T cells under mild conditions by Strep-tag purification, revealing that cell-associated but not secreted S proteins tightly bound Hsp73 and Grp78 chaperones. We showed that both, TM-deficient S6-PΔTM and full-length S2-P antigens elicited very similar S-RBD-specific antibody titers and pseudovirus neutralization activities in young (2-3 months) mice through homologous DNA-prime/DNA-boost or protein-prime/protein-boost vaccination. The trimeric S2-P antigen induced high S-RBD-specific antibody responses in old (23-24 months) mice through DNA-prime/DNA-boost vaccination. Unexpectedly, the monomeric S6-PΔTM antigen induced very low S-RBD-specific antibody titers in old mice through homologous DNA-prime/DNA-boost or protein-prime/protein-boost vaccination. However, old mice efficiently elicited an S-RBD-specific antibody response after heterologous DNA-prime/protein-boost immunization with the S6-PΔTM antigen, and antibody titers even reached similar levels and neutralizing activities as in young mice and also cross-reacted with different S-variants of concern. The old immune system thus distinguished between trimeric and monomeric S protein conformations: it remained antigen responsive to the trimeric S2-P antigen, and a simple change in the vaccine delivery regimen was sufficient to unleash its reactivity to the monomeric S6-PΔTM antigen. This clearly shows that both the antigen structure and the delivery platform are crucial to efficiently prime humoral immune responses in old mice and might be relevant for designing "age-adapted" vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Pflumm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alina Seidel
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabrice Klein
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lea Krutzke
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Kochanek
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Joris Kroschel
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja Stifter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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18
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Hentschel V, Horsch C, Mayer B, Thies A, Qian W, Kroschel J, Seufferlein T, Perkhofer L, Müller M. A Systematic Evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Anti-S-RBD-Ig Response in a Population of Health Care Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1467. [PMID: 37766143 PMCID: PMC10537165 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the novel class of mRNA vaccines has been granted first-time approval for active immunization against SARS-CoV-2 alongside the already established viral vector-based vaccines. In this prospective single-center study, we set out to determine the vaccine-induced humoral immune response in a population of 1512 health care employees after the second and third vaccination, respectively. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid antigen antibody concentrations were assessed using commercially available immunoassays. We could show that, in particular, young study subjects aged below 30 years, as well as those with a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, developed significantly higher antibody concentrations. Our data further suggest that being in physically close contact with formerly SARS-CoV-2-positive people positively affects the post-vaccination response. Surprisingly, study subjects with a BMI > 30 produced the highest anti-S-RBD Ig antibody levels if they had recently received their third vaccination. Also, heterologous dual vaccine regimens consisting of a BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 n-CoV-19, a homologous triple combination of BNT162b2, and an application of mRNA-1273 as the third vaccine, were most efficient at eliciting a humoral immune response. Our study substantiates existing evidence, but beyond that, scrutinizes the impact of vaccine agents and their respective combinations, as well as different time intervals on humoral immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Hentschel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (A.T.); (W.Q.); (T.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Cornelia Horsch
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (C.H.); (B.M.)
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (C.H.); (B.M.)
| | - Annsophie Thies
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (A.T.); (W.Q.); (T.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Will Qian
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (A.T.); (W.Q.); (T.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Joris Kroschel
- Central Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (A.T.); (W.Q.); (T.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Lukas Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (A.T.); (W.Q.); (T.S.); (L.P.)
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (A.T.); (W.Q.); (T.S.); (L.P.)
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19
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Schiffner J, Eisemann N, Baltus H, Jensen S, Wunderlich K, Schuesseler S, Eicker C, Teegen B, Boniakowsky D, Solbach W, Mischnik A. Dynamics of immunity over time: decline of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and T-cell responses after mRNA vaccination in residents and health care workers in nursing homes and homes with assisted living support. GMS INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 11:Doc02. [PMID: 37830111 PMCID: PMC10565841 DOI: 10.3205/id000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Background In the present study, we investigated the dynamics of immunity over time by measuring anti SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell responses (interferon-gamma release assay) after two doses of vaccines in residents and health care workers (HCW). Mostly, 224 (98%) residents and 244 (89%) HCW received two doses of mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2, Pfizer-BioNTech); the rest of the participants received heterologous vaccinations with mRNA and vector vaccines. The study was conducted at the time when the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 prevailed. Methods We analyzed blood samples of 228 residents (median age 83.8 years) and of 273 HCW (median age 49.7 years) from five nursing homes and one home for the elderly with assisted living support at one specific time point. Participants received two vaccinations. The blood samples were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibody and T-cell responses. Results The initial immune responses in the younger participants were about 30% higher than in the older age group. Over time the estimated mean of the parameters (estimated from the study sample for the total population) decreased in all groups within the maximum observation period of 232 days. Comorbidities such as coronary heart disease or diabetes mellitus reduced the initial immune responses regardless of age. With regard to measured IgG antibody levels, absolute values decreased over time, whereas the interferon-gamma response remained at a constant level between day 120 and 180 and seemed to be less dependent on the time elapsed after vaccination. Conclusions Based on our data, it does not seem possible to determine a reliable threshold of robust immunity, but we suggest that high titres of neutralizing capacity and interferon-gamma response might be an indicator of protection against severe COVID-19 courses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nora Eisemann
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Luebeck, Germany
| | - Hannah Baltus
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Luebeck, Germany
| | - Sina Jensen
- Health Protection Authority, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Bianca Teegen
- Klinisch-Immunologisches Labor Stoecker, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Werner Solbach
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Research, University of Luebeck, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Luebeck, Germany
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20
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Fedele G, Palmieri A, Onder G. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in older people. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2023; 4:e177-e178. [PMID: 37148886 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Fedele
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Annapina Palmieri
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Graziano Onder
- Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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21
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Ravussin A, Robertson AH, Wolf AS, Blix K, Kjønstad IF, Solum G, Feiring B, Strand BH, Lund-Johansen F, Munthe LA, Magnus P, Trogstad L, Mjaaland S. Determinants of humoral and cellular immune responses to three doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in older adults: a longitudinal cohort study. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2023; 4:e188-e199. [PMID: 37148891 PMCID: PMC10156136 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older age is associated with poorer outcomes to COVID-19 infection. The Norwegian Institute of Public Health established a longitudinal cohort of adults aged 65-80 years to study the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we describe the characteristics of the cohort in general, and specifically the immune responses at baseline and after primary and booster vaccination in a subset of longitudinal blood samples, and the epidemiological factors affecting these responses. METHODS 4551 participants were recruited, with humoral (n=299) and cellular (n=90) responses measured before vaccination and after two and three vaccine doses. Information on general health, infections, and vaccinations were obtained from questionnaires and national health registries. FINDINGS Half of the participants had a chronic condition. 849 (18·7%) of 4551 were prefrail and 184 (4%) of 4551 were frail. 483 (10·6%) of 4551 had general activity limitations (scored with the Global Activity Limitation Index). After dose two, 295 (98·7%) of 299 participants were seropositive for anti-receptor binding domain IgG, and 210 (100%) of 210 participants after dose three. Spike-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses showed high heterogeneity after vaccination and responded to the alpha (B.1.1.7), delta (B.1.617.2), and omicron (B.1.1.529 or BA.1) variants of concern. Cellular responses to seasonal coronaviruses increased after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Heterologous prime boosting with mRNA vaccines was associated with the highest antibody (p=0·019) and CD4 T cell responses (p=0·003), and hypertension with lower antibody levels after three doses (p=0·04). INTERPRETATION Most older adults, including those with comorbidities, generated good serological and cellular responses after two vaccine doses. Responses further improved after three doses, particularly after heterologous boosting. Vaccination also generated cross-reactive T cells against variants of concern and seasonal coronaviruses. Frailty was not associated with impaired immune responses, but hypertension might indicate reduced responsiveness to vaccines even after three doses. Individual differences identified through longitudinal sampling enables better prediction of the variability of vaccine responses, which can help guide future policy on the need for subsequent doses and their timing. FUNDING Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norwegian Ministry of Health, Research Council of Norway, and Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ravussin
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Hayman Robertson
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Vaccine Epidemiology and Population Studies, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Asia-Sophia Wolf
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Blix
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Vaccine Epidemiology and Population Studies, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Fadum Kjønstad
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guri Solum
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Feiring
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Vaccine Epidemiology and Population Studies, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Heine Strand
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lill Trogstad
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Vaccine Epidemiology and Population Studies, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Mjaaland
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Tani Y, Takita M, Kobashi Y, Wakui M, Zhao T, Yamamoto C, Saito H, Kawashima M, Sugiura S, Nishikawa Y, Omata F, Shimazu Y, Kawamura T, Sugiyama A, Nakayama A, Kaneko Y, Kodama T, Kami M, Tsubokura M. Varying Cellular Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2 after the Booster Vaccination: A Cohort Study from Fukushima Vaccination Community Survey, Japan. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050920. [PMID: 37243024 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Booster vaccination reduces the incidence of severe cases and mortality related to COVID-19, with cellular immunity playing an important role. However, little is known about the proportion of the population that has achieved cellular immunity after booster vaccination. Thus, we conducted a Fukushima cohort database and assessed humoral and cellular immunity in 2526 residents and healthcare workers in Fukushima Prefecture in Japan through continuous blood collection every 3 months from September 2021. We identified the proportion of people with induced cellular immunity after booster vaccination using the T-SPOT.COVID test, and analyzed their background characteristics. Among 1089 participants, 64.3% (700/1089) had reactive cellular immunity after booster vaccination. Multivariable analysis revealed the following independent predictors of reactive cellular immunity: age < 40 years (adjusted odds ratio: 1.81; 95% confidence interval: 1.19-2.75; p-value: 0.005) and adverse reactions after vaccination (1.92, 1.19-3.09, 0.007). Notably, despite IgG(S) and neutralizing antibody titers of ≥500 AU/mL, 33.9% (349/1031) and 33.5% (341/1017) of participants, respectively, did not have reactive cellular immunity. In summary, this is the first study to evaluate cellular immunity at the population level after booster vaccination using the T-SPOT.COVID test, albeit with several limitations. Future studies will need to evaluate previously infected subjects and their T-cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tani
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo 108-0074, Japan
| | - Morihito Takita
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo 108-0074, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yurie Kobashi
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hirata Central Hospital, Fukushima 963-8202, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Wakui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Tianchen Zhao
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Chika Yamamoto
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Fukushima 976-0016, Japan
| | - Moe Kawashima
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Sota Sugiura
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo 108-0074, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nishikawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hirata Central Hospital, Fukushima 963-8202, Japan
| | - Fumiya Omata
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hirata Central Hospital, Fukushima 963-8202, Japan
| | - Yuzo Shimazu
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hirata Central Hospital, Fukushima 963-8202, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamura
- Proteomics Laboratory, Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Akira Sugiyama
- Proteomics Laboratory, Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Aya Nakayama
- Proteomics Laboratory, Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yudai Kaneko
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Medical and Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Tokyo 105-0012, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Kodama
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kami
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo 108-0074, Japan
| | - Masaharu Tsubokura
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hirata Central Hospital, Fukushima 963-8202, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Fukushima 976-0016, Japan
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23
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Pieren DKJ, Kuguel SG, Rosado J, Robles AG, Rey-Cano J, Mancebo C, Esperalba J, Falcó V, Buzón MJ, Genescà M. Limited induction of polyfunctional lung-resident memory T cells against SARS-CoV-2 by mRNA vaccination compared to infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1887. [PMID: 37019909 PMCID: PMC10074357 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37559-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resident memory T cells (TRM) present at the respiratory tract may be essential to enhance early SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance, thus limiting viral infection and disease. While long-term antigen-specific TRM are detectable beyond 11 months in the lung of convalescent COVID-19 patients, it is unknown if mRNA vaccination encoding for the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein can induce this frontline protection. Here we show that the frequency of CD4+ T cells secreting IFNγ in response to S-peptides is variable but overall similar in the lung of mRNA-vaccinated patients compared to convalescent-infected patients. However, in vaccinated patients, lung responses present less frequently a TRM phenotype compared to convalescent infected individuals and polyfunctional CD107a+ IFNγ+ TRM are virtually absent in vaccinated patients. These data indicate that mRNA vaccination induces specific T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in the lung parenchyma, although to a limited extend. It remains to be determined whether these vaccine-induced responses contribute to overall COVID-19 control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan K J Pieren
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastián G Kuguel
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joel Rosado
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba G Robles
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Rey-Cano
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Mancebo
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliana Esperalba
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenç Falcó
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Buzón
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Genescà
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Kim HM, Lee EJ, O SW, Choi YJ, Lee H, Oh SJ, Kim JM, Park AK, Kim JA, Lee CY, Kim JM, Park H, Park YJ, Yu JH, Kim EY, Ko HP, Kim EJ. A Seroprevalence Study on Residents in a Senior Care Facility with Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:203-208. [PMID: 36951666 PMCID: PMC10621659 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began spreading rapidly in the community in November 2021, becoming the dominant variant in the Republic of Korea in 2022. Although its pathogenesis in healthy individuals was low, the severity and hospitalization rate was higher in the elderly and immunocompromised patients. We aimed to investigate the immunogenicity in acute and convalescent phases of breakthrough infection by Omicron in elderly individuals. Serological data were assessed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and plaque-reduction neutralization tests. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and immunoglobulin G levels in the acute phase were higher in third dose-vaccinated elderly than in first and second dose-vaccinated patients. The neutralization antibody titer was detected only in third dose-vaccinated patients, and the titer was higher for the Delta than the Omicron variant. In the convalescent phase of Omicron infection, the neutralization antibody titer of vaccinated patients was higher for the Delta than the Omicron variant except in unvaccinated individuals. We demonstrated that the cause of the vulnerability to Omicron variant infection in third dose-vaccinated elderly was due to the low neutralization antibody level against Omicron. A fourth dose of vaccination is required in the elderly to reduce hospitalization and mortality caused by the Omicron variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heui Man Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won O
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jun Choi
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjin Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Jin Oh
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Kyung Park
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ah Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae young Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Mu Kim
- Epidemiological Investigation Team, Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanul Park
- Epidemiological Investigation Team, Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Park
- Epidemiological Investigation Team, Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hee Yu
- Honam Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Gwangju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Honam Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Gwangju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Pyeong Ko
- Gwangju Metropolitan Government, Gwangju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
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25
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T-Cell Mediated Response after Primary and Booster SARS-CoV-2 Messenger RNA Vaccination in Nursing Home Residents. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:140-147.e2. [PMID: 36587928 PMCID: PMC9726683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nursing home (NH) residents have been significantly affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Studies addressing the immune responses induced by COVID-19 vaccines in NH residents have documented a good postvaccination antibody response and the beneficial effect of a third booster vaccine dose. Less is known about vaccine-induced activation of cell-mediated immune response in frail older individuals in the long term. The aim of the present study is to monitor messenger RNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced T-cell responses in a sample of Italian NH residents who received primary vaccine series and a third booster dose and to assess the interaction between T-cell responses and humoral immunity. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Thirty-four residents vaccinated with BNT162b2 messenger RNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine between February and April 2021 and who received a third BNT162b2 booster dose between October and November 2021 were assessed for vaccine-induced immunity 6 (prebooster) and 12 (postbooster) months after the first BNT162b2 vaccine dose. METHODS Pre- and postbooster cell-mediated immunity was assessed by intracellular cytokine staining of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated in vitro with peptides covering the immunodominant sequence of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The simultaneous production of interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-2 was measured. Humoral immunity was assessed in parallel by measuring serum concentration of antitrimeric spike IgG antibodies. RESULTS Before the booster vaccination, 31 out of 34 NH residents had a positive cell-mediated immunity response to spike. Postbooster, 28 out of 34 had a positive response. Residents without a previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, who had a lower response prior the booster administration, showed a greater increase of T-cell responses after the vaccine booster dose. Humoral and cell-mediated immunity were, in part, correlated but only before booster vaccine administration. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The administration of the booster vaccine dose restored spike-specific T-cell responses in SARS-CoV-2 naïve residents who responded poorly to the first immunization, while a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection had an impact on the magnitude of vaccine-induced cell-mediated immunity at earlier time points. Our findings imply the need for a continuous monitoring of the immune status of frail NH residents to adapt future SARS-CoV-2 vaccination strategies.
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26
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TMPRSS2, a novel host-directed drug target against SARS-CoV-2. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:251. [PMID: 35871159 PMCID: PMC9308027 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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27
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Khong KW, Zhang R, Hung IFN. The Four Ws of the Fourth Dose COVID-19 Vaccines: Why, Who, When and What. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1924. [PMID: 36423020 PMCID: PMC9694140 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccine breakthrough is a major public health concern. With evidence of reduced neutralizing antibody activity against Omicron variants and fading antibody level after the third-dose booster vaccine, there are suggestions of a fourth-dose booster vaccine. In this review, the benefits of a fourth-dose booster is evaluated from four perspectives, including the effectiveness of the booster dose against virus variants (Why), susceptible groups of individuals who may benefit from additional booster dose (Who), selection of vaccine platforms to better enhance immunity (What) and appropriate intervals between the third and fourth booster dose (When). In summary, a fourth dose can temporarily boost the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 variants and can be considered for specific groups of individuals. A heterologous vaccine strategy using mRNA vaccine in individuals primed with inactivated vaccine may boost immunity against variants. The timing of the fourth dose should be individualized but an interval of 4 months after the third-dose booster is appropriate. A universal fourth booster dose is not necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Wa Khong
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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28
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Longitudinal Analyses after COVID-19 Recovery or Prolonged Infection Reveal Unique Immunological Signatures after Repeated Vaccinations. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111815. [DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop preventive and therapeutic measures against coronavirus disease 2019, the complete characterization of immune response and sustained immune activation following viral infection and vaccination are critical. However, the mechanisms controlling intrapersonal variation in antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 antigens remain unclear. To gain further insights, we performed a robust molecular and cellular investigation of immune responses in infected, recovered, and vaccinated individuals. We evaluated the serum levels of 29 cytokines and their correlation with neutralizing antibody titer. We investigated memory B-cell response in patients infected with the original SARS-CoV-2 strain or other variants, and in vaccinated individuals. Longitudinal correlation analyses revealed that post-vaccination neutralizing potential was more strongly associated with various serum cytokine levels in recovered patients than in naïve individuals. We found that IL-10, CCL2, CXCL10, and IL-12p40 are candidate biomarkers of serum-neutralizing antibody titer after the vaccination of recovered individuals. We found a similar distribution of virus-specific antibody gene families in triple-vaccinated individuals and a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia for 1 year. Thus, distinct immune responses occur depending on the viral strain and clinical history, suggesting that therapeutic options should be selected on a case-by-case basis. Candidate biomarkers that correlate with repeated vaccination may support the efficacy and safety evaluation systems of mRNA vaccines and lead to the development of novel vaccine strategies.
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29
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Li J, Reinke S, Shen Y, Schollmeyer L, Liu YC, Wang Z, Hardt S, Hipfl C, Hoffmann U, Frischbutter S, Chang HD, Alexander T, Perka C, Radbruch H, Qin Z, Radbruch A, Dong J. A ubiquitous bone marrow reservoir of preexisting SARS-CoV-2-reactive memory CD4+ T lymphocytes in unexposed individuals. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1004656. [PMID: 36268016 PMCID: PMC9576920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1004656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating, blood-borne SARS-CoV-2-reactive memory T cells in persons so far unexposed to SARS-CoV-2 or the vaccines have been described in 20-100% of the adult population. They are credited with determining the efficacy of the immune response in COVID-19. Here, we demonstrate the presence of preexisting memory CD4+ T cells reacting to peptides of the spike, membrane, or nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in the bone marrow of all 17 persons investigated that had previously not been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or one of the vaccines targeting it, with only 15 of these persons also having such cells detectable circulating in the blood. The preexisting SARS-CoV-2-reactive memory CD4+ T cells of the bone marrow are abundant and polyfunctional, with the phenotype of central memory T cells. They are tissue-resident, at least in those persons who do not have such cells in the blood, and about 30% of them express CD69. Bone marrow resident SARS-CoV-2-reactive memory CD4+ memory T cells are also abundant in vaccinated persons analyzed 10-168 days after 1°-4° vaccination. Apart from securing the bone marrow, preexisting cross-reactive memory CD4+ T cells may play an important role in shaping the systemic immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and the vaccines, and contribute essentially to the rapid establishment of long-lasting immunity provided by memory plasma cells, already upon primary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchan Li
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Reinke
- Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu Shen
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Schollmeyer
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuk-Chien Liu
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zixu Wang
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hardt
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hipfl
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Hoffmann
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Schwiete-Laboratory for Microbiota and Inflammation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Frischbutter
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- Schwiete-Laboratory for Microbiota and Inflammation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Alexander
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Perka
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Institute of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhihai Qin
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jun Dong
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jun Dong,
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30
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Saggau C, Martini GR, Rosati E, Meise S, Messner B, Kamps AK, Bekel N, Gigla J, Rose R, Voß M, Geisen UM, Reid HM, Sümbül M, Tran F, Berner DK, Khodamoradi Y, Vehreschild MJGT, Cornely O, Koehler P, Krumbholz A, Fickenscher H, Kreuzer O, Schreiber C, Franke A, Schreiber S, Hoyer B, Scheffold A, Bacher P. The pre-exposure SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell repertoire determines the quality of the immune response to vaccination. Immunity 2022; 55:1924-1939.e5. [PMID: 35985324 PMCID: PMC9372089 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination generates enormous host-response heterogeneity and an age-dependent loss of immune-response quality. How the pre-exposure T cell repertoire contributes to this heterogeneity is poorly understood. We combined analysis of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells pre- and post-vaccination with longitudinal T cell receptor tracking. We identified strong pre-exposure T cell variability that correlated with subsequent immune-response quality and age. High-quality responses, defined by strong expansion of high-avidity spike-specific T cells, high interleukin-21 production, and specific immunoglobulin G, depended on an intact naive repertoire and exclusion of pre-existing memory T cells. In the elderly, T cell expansion from both compartments was severely compromised. Our results reveal that an intrinsic defect of the CD4+ T cell repertoire causes the age-dependent decline of immune-response quality against SARS-CoV-2 and highlight the need for alternative strategies to induce high-quality T cell responses against newly arising pathogens in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Saggau
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany
| | - Gabriela Rios Martini
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany
| | - Elisa Rosati
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany
| | - Silja Meise
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany
| | - Berith Messner
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Kamps
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany
| | - Nicole Bekel
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany
| | - Johannes Gigla
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany
| | - Ruben Rose
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mathias Voß
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulf M Geisen
- Medical Department I, Department for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Hayley M Reid
- Medical Department I, Department for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Melike Sümbül
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Florian Tran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Dennis K Berner
- Medical Department I, Department for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Yascha Khodamoradi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt & Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maria J G T Vehreschild
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt & Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Cornely
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Koehler
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Andi Krumbholz
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Labor Dr. Krause und Kollegen MVZ GmbH, Kiel, Germany
| | - Helmut Fickenscher
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Bimba Hoyer
- Medical Department I, Department for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany.
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Anti-TNFα Treatment Impairs Long-Term Immune Responses to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081186. [PMID: 35893835 PMCID: PMC9330864 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with anti-tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) exhibited lower serologic responses one-month following the second dose of the COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccine compared to those not treated with anti-TNFα (non-anti-TNFα) or to healthy controls (HCs). We comprehensively analyzed long-term humoral responses, including anti-spike (S) antibodies, serum inhibition, neutralization, cross-reactivity and circulating B cell six months post BNT162b2, in patients with IBD stratified by therapy compared to HCs. Subjects enrolled in a prospective, controlled, multi-center Israeli study received two BNT162b2 doses. Anti-S levels, functional activity, specific B cells, antigen cross-reactivity, anti-nucleocapsid levels, adverse events and IBD disease score were detected longitudinally. In total, 240 subjects, 151 with IBD (94 not treated with anti-TNFα and 57 treated with anti-TNFα) and 89 HCs participated. Six months after vaccination, patients with IBD treated with anti-TNFα had significantly impaired BNT162b2 responses, specifically, more seronegativity, decreased specific circulating B cells and cross-reactivity compared to patients untreated with anti-TNFα. Importantly, all seronegative subjects were patients with IBD; of those, >90% were treated with anti-TNFα. Finally, IBD activity was unaffected by BNT162b2. Altogether these data support the earlier booster dose administration in these patients.
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32
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Tomaiuolo R, Di Resta C, Viganò M, Banfi G, Russo C, Linardos G, Ranno S, Perno CF, Giuffrida F. Six months SARS-CoV-2 serology in a cohort of mRNA vaccinated subjects over 90 years old. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12446. [PMID: 35858893 PMCID: PMC9298708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with a progressive decline and remodelling of the immune system. Also, the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines has been observed to depend on subjects' age. The post-vaccination data about patients aged > 90 years old is scarcely represented in the literature. The antibody titre profiles of elderly vaccinated subjects (age > 90 years old) were evaluated and compared with profiles obtained in a younger population (age 23-69 years old). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report providing post-vaccination serological data in subjects aged 90 + years old. This study suggests that distinct SARS-CoV-2 viral-specific antibody response profiles vary based on anti-N serostatus, age, and sex in the very elderly adults. The data obtained could impact the organisation of the vaccination campaign (i.e., prioritisation strategies, administration of additional doses) and the factors that facilitate intentions to receive the vaccination among elderly adults (i.e., vaccine effectiveness).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Viganò
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Dorota Religa
- Theme Aging and Inflammation, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden. .,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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34
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Sun Y, Dai H, Wang P, Zhang X, Cui D, Huang Y, Zhang J, Xiang T. Will People Accept a Third Booster Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccine? A Cross-Sectional Study in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:914950. [PMID: 35903387 PMCID: PMC9315287 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.914950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are considered to be an effective way to prevent the spread of the infection. Our previous study has shown that about 75% of healthcare workers (HCWs) in China were willing to receive the vaccine when it became available. Here, we examined the acceptance of a third booster dose among Chinese people and identified the influencing factors. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted and the snowball sampling method was utilized. An online questionnaire was provided to all the participants in the form of a quick response (QR) code. The questionnaire included general demographic information, views on vaccines, the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The univariate analysis was done between all the variables and our dependent variable. Then, we used the multivariate logistic regression model to examine the influencing factors of the third booster dose acceptance. Results We collected 1,062 complete answers. Of these, 90.39% (n = 960) declared that they would accept the booster dose. Knowing more about the vaccine and recognizing the efficacy of vaccines were significantly associated with greater acceptance of the booster dose. People willing to take the booster dose had better psychological health. A belief that the booster dose could prevent severe infection caused by COVID-19 and enhance the effectiveness of the first two doses were the main contributing factors to vaccine acceptance. Vaccine hesitancy was mainly due to a low perceived risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and rapid mutation of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion This study revealed that Chinese people were very receptive to the third booster dose, which is an inspiring result. More positive attitudes regarding COVID-19 vaccination were supported by its efficacy and few side effects.
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35
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Limited neutralisation of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 by convalescent and vaccine serum and monoclonal antibodies. EBioMedicine 2022; 82:104158. [PMID: 35834885 PMCID: PMC9271884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent months, Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 have become dominant in many regions of the world, and case numbers with Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 continue to increase. Due to numerous mutations in the spike protein, the efficacy of currently available vaccines, which are based on Wuhan-Hu 1 isolate of SARS-CoV-2, is reduced, leading to breakthrough infections. Efficacy of monoclonal antibody therapy is also likely impaired. Methods In our in vitro study using A549-AT cells constitutively expressing ACE2 and TMPRSS2, we determined and compared the neutralizing capacity of vaccine-elicited sera, convalescent sera and monoclonal antibodies against authentic SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 compared with Delta. Findings Almost no neutralisation of Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 was observed using sera from individuals vaccinated with two doses 6 months earlier, regardless of the type of vaccine taken. Shortly after the booster dose, most sera from triple BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals were able to neutralise both Omicron variants. In line with waning antibody levels three months after the booster, only weak residual neutralisation was observed for BA.1 (26%, n = 34, 0 median NT50) and BA.2 (44%, n = 34, 0 median NT50). In addition, BA.1 but not BA.2 was resistant to the neutralising monoclonal antibodies casirivimab/imdevimab, while BA.2 exhibited almost a complete evasion from the neutralisation induced by sotrovimab. Interpretation Both SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 escape antibody-mediated neutralisation elicited by vaccination, previous infection with SARS-CoV-2, and monoclonal antibodies. Waning immunity renders the majority of tested sera obtained three months after booster vaccination negative in BA.1 and BA.2 neutralisation. Omicron subvariant specific resistance to the monoclonal antibodies casirivimab/imdevimab and sotrovimab emphasizes the importance of genotype-surveillance and guided application. Funding This study was supported in part by the Goethe-Corona-Fund of the Goethe University Frankfurt (M.W.) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (COVIDready; grant 02WRS1621C (M.W.).
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36
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Lee J, Kim D, Byun J, Wu Y, Park J, Oh YK. In vivo fate and intracellular trafficking of vaccine delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114325. [PMID: 35550392 PMCID: PMC9085465 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
With the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, vaccine delivery systems emerged as a core technology for global public health. Given that antigen processing takes place inside the cell, the intracellular delivery and trafficking of a vaccine antigen will contribute to vaccine efficiency. Investigations focusing on the in vivo behavior and intracellular transport of vaccines have improved our understanding of the mechanisms relevant to vaccine delivery systems and facilitated the design of novel potent vaccine platforms. In this review, we cover the intracellular trafficking and in vivo fate of vaccines administered via various routes and delivery systems. To improve immune responses, researchers have used various strategies to modulate vaccine platforms and intracellular trafficking. In addition to progress in vaccine trafficking studies, the challenges and future perspectives for designing next-generation vaccines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaiwoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Byun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yina Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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37
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Chen LL, Abdullah SMU, Chan WM, Chan BPC, Ip JD, Chu AWH, Lu L, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Chuang VWM, Au AKW, Cheng VCC, Sridhar S, Yuen KY, Hung IFN, Chan KH, To KKW. Contribution of low population immunity to the severe Omicron BA.2 outbreak in Hong Kong. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3618. [PMID: 35750868 PMCID: PMC9232516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring population protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants is critical for risk assessment. We hypothesize that Hong Kong's explosive Omicron BA.2 outbreak in early 2022 could be explained by low herd immunity. Our seroprevalence study using sera collected from January to December 2021 shows a very low prevalence of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against ancestral virus among older adults. The age group-specific prevalence of NAb generally correlates with the vaccination uptake rate, but older adults have a much lower NAb seropositive rate than vaccination uptake rate. For all age groups, the seroprevalence of NAb against Omicron variant is much lower than that against the ancestral virus. Our study suggests that this BA.2 outbreak and the exceptionally high case-fatality rate in the ≥80 year-old age group (9.2%) could be attributed to the lack of protective immunity in the population, especially among the vulnerable older adults, and that ongoing sero-surveillance is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Syed Muhammad Umer Abdullah
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wan-Mui Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brian Pui-Chun Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jonathan Daniel Ip
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Allen Wing-Ho Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Albert Ka-Wing Au
- Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siddharth Sridhar
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China. .,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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38
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Podrazil M, Taborska P, Stakheev D, Rataj M, Lastovicka J, Vlachova A, Pohunek P, Bartunkova J, Smrz D. Effectiveness and Durability of mRNA Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2-Specific Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Severe Asthma Patients on Biological Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:892277. [PMID: 35669765 PMCID: PMC9163958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines effectively elicit humoral and cellular immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in healthy populations. This immunity decreases several months after vaccination. However, the efficacy of vaccine-induced immunity and its durability in patients with severe asthma on biological therapy are unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and durability of mRNA vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in severe asthma patients on biological therapy. The study included 34 patients with severe asthma treated with anti-IgE (omalizumab, n=17), anti-IL5 (mepolizumab, n=13; reslizumab, n=3), or anti-IL5R (benralizumab, n=1) biological therapy. All patients were vaccinated with two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine with a 6-week interval between the doses. We found that this COVID-19 vaccination regimen elicited SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity, which had significantly declined 6 months after receipt of the second dose of the vaccine. The type of biological treatment did not affect vaccine-elicited immunity. However, patient age negatively impacted the vaccine-induced humoral response. On the other hand, no such age-related impact on vaccine-elicited cellular immunity was observed. Our findings show that treatment of patients with severe asthma with biological therapy does not compromise the effectiveness or durability of COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Podrazil
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavla Taborska
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dmitry Stakheev
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Rataj
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Lastovicka
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Alena Vlachova
- Department of Pneumology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Pohunek
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jirina Bartunkova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniel Smrz
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
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39
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Reiter R, Von Blanckenburg P, Mutters R, Thiemer J, Geßner R, Seifart U. Influence of a Heterologous (ChAdOx1-nCoV-19/BNT162b2) or Homologous (BNT162b2/BNT162b2) Vaccination Regimen on the Antibody and T Cell Response to a Third Vaccination with BNT162b2. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050788. [PMID: 35632544 PMCID: PMC9147305 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infections are currently combated with a third vaccination. Considering the different vaccination regimens used for the first two vaccine doses, we addressed whether the previous vaccination influences the immune response to the booster. Participants for this prospective study were recruited from among healthcare workers. N = 20 participants were previously vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2, and n = 53 received a priming dose of ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 followed by a BNT162b2 dose. Participants were vaccinated with a third dose of BNT162b2 in December 2021. Antibody concentrations were determined after vaccination, and in a subset of n = 19 participants, T cell responses were evaluated. Anti-S concentrations and IFNγ production increased during the first 21 days. The choice of the first and second vaccineshad no influence on the final outcome of the booster vaccination. Before booster vaccination, antibody concentrations were lower for older participants but increased more strongly over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieke Reiter
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße 1, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Pia Von Blanckenburg
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35041 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Reinier Mutters
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Julia Thiemer
- Klinik Sonnenblick, Amöneburgerstr. 1-6, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (J.T.); (U.S.)
| | - Reinhard Geßner
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße 1, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Ulf Seifart
- Klinik Sonnenblick, Amöneburgerstr. 1-6, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (J.T.); (U.S.)
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40
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Roessler J, Pich D, Albanese M, Wratil PR, Krähling V, Hellmuth JC, Scherer C, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Becker S, Keppler OT, Brisson A, Zeidler R, Hammerschmidt W. Quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies with a virus-free, authentic test. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac045. [PMID: 36382127 PMCID: PMC9645495 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), and their concentration in sera of convalescents and vaccinees are a correlate of protection from COVID-19. The antibody concentrations in clinical samples that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 are difficult and very cumbersome to assess with conventional virus neutralization tests (cVNTs), which require work with the infectious virus and biosafety level 3 containment precautions. Alternative virus neutralization tests currently in use are mostly surrogate tests based on direct or competitive enzyme immunoassays or use viral vectors with the spike protein as the single structural component of SARS-CoV-2. To overcome these obstacles, we developed a virus-free, safe and very fast (4.5 h) in vitro diagnostic test based on engineered yet authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus-like-particles (VLPs). They share all features of the original SARS-CoV-2 but lack the viral RNA genome and thus are non-infectious. NAbs induced by infection or vaccination, but also potentially neutralizing monoclonal antibodies can be reliably quantified and assessed with ease and within hours with our test, because they interfere and block the ACE2-mediated uptake of VLPs by recipient cells. Results from the VLP neutralization test (VLPNT) showed excellent specificity and sensitivity and correlated very well with a cVNT using fully infectious SARS-CoV-2. The results also demonstrated the reduced neutralizing capacity of COVID-19 vaccinee sera against variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2 including omicron B.1.1.529, BA.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Roessler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Dagmar Pich
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Albanese
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul R Wratil
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Krähling
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes C Hellmuth
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens Scherer
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alain Brisson
- UMR-CBMN CNRS-University of Bordeaux-INP, Pessac, France
| | - Reinhard Zeidler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hammerschmidt
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
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Dynamics of humoral and T-cell immunity after three BNT162b2 vaccinations in adults older than 80 years. THE LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 22:588-589. [PMID: 35397209 PMCID: PMC8986166 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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