1
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Bilichenko M, Iannuzzi M, Tocci G. Slip Opacity and Fast Osmotic Transport of Hydrophobes at Aqueous Interfaces with Two-Dimensional Materials. ACS NANO 2024; 18:24118-24127. [PMID: 39172927 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the interfacial transport of water and hydrophobic solutes on van der Waals bilayers and heterostructures formed by stacking graphene, hBN, and MoS2 using extensive ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. We compute water slippage and the diffusio-osmotic transport coefficient of hydrophobic particles at the interface by combining hydrodynamics and the theory of the hydrophobic effect. We find that slippage is dominated by the layer that is in direct contact with water and only marginally altered by the second layer, leading to a so-called "slip opacity". The screening of the lateral forces, where the liquid does not feel the forces coming from the second nearest layer, is one of the factors leading to the "slip opacity" in our systems. The diffusio-osmotic transport of small hydrophobes (with a radius below 2.5 Å) is also affected by the slip opacity, being dramatically enhanced by slippage. Furthermore, the direction of diffusio-osmotic flow is controlled by the solute size, with the flow in the opposite direction of the concentration gradient for smaller hydrophobes, and vice versa for larger ones. We connect our findings to the wetting properties of two-dimensional materials, and we propose that slippage and wetting can be controlled separately: whereas the slippage is mostly determined by the layer in closer proximity to water, wetting can be finely tuned by stacking different two-dimensional materials. Our study advances the computational design of two-dimensional materials and van der Waals heterostructures, enabling precise control over wetting and slippage properties for applications in coatings and water purification membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bilichenko
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcella Iannuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Tocci
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Zhu Z, Zhou X, Li Y, Gu S, Sun L, Liu Y. Characterizing the Orderliness of Interfacial Water through Stretching Vibrations. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:9136-9143. [PMID: 39207889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Spatial orderliness, which is the orderly structure of molecules, differs significantly between interfacial water and bulk water. Understanding this property is essential for various applications in both natural and engineered environments. However, the subnanometer thickness of interfacial water presents challenges for direct and rapid characterization of its structural orderliness. Herein, through molecular dynamics simulations and infrared spectral analysis of interfacial water in a graphene slit pore, we reveal a hyperbolic tangent relationship between the water ordering and its O-H stretching information in the infrared spectrum. Specifically, O-H symmetric stretching dominated in the highly ordered water structure, while a transition to the asymmetric stretching corresponded to an increase in the degree of disorder. Thus, the O-H stretching behavior could serve as a useful and quick assessment of the orderliness of interfacial water. This work provided insights into interfacial water's unique molecular network and structural dynamics and identified the stretching vibrations' key role in its degree of order, providing insight for fields such as nanotechnology, biology, and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhu
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yangmei Li
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shiyu Gu
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Lan Sun
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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3
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Chen HN, Yang L, Huang J, Song WL, Chen HS. Theory of electrotuneable mechanical force of solid-liquid interfaces: A self-consistent treatment of short-range van der Waals forces and long-range electrostatic forces. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:084110. [PMID: 39185848 DOI: 10.1063/5.0220779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanical forces between two solid surfaces immersed in a communal liquid environment is crucial for understanding and controlling adhesion, friction, and electrochemistry in many technologies. Although traditional models can adequately describe long-range mechanical forces, they require substantial modifications in the nanometric region where electronic effects become important. A hybrid quantum-classical model is employed herein to investigate the separation-dependent disjoining pressure between two metal surfaces immersed in an electrolyte solution under potential control. We find that the pressure between surfaces transits from a long-range electrostatic interaction, attractive or repulsive depending on the charging conditions of surfaces, to a strong short-range van der Waals attraction and then an even strong Pauli repulsion due to the redistribution of electrons. The underlying mechanism of the transition, especially the attractive-repulsive one in the short-range region, is elucidated. This work contributes to the understanding of electrotunable friction and lubrication in a liquid environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Na Chen
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Le Yang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-13: Theory and Computation of Energy Materials, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, 52425 Julich, Germany
| | - Wei-Li Song
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao-Sen Chen
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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4
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Ding Z, Gu T, Zhang M, Wang K, Sun D, Li J. Angstrom-Scale 2D Channels Designed For Osmotic Energy Harvesting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403593. [PMID: 39180252 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Confronting the impending exhaustion of traditional energy, it is urgent to devise and deploy sustainable clean energy alternatives. Osmotic energy contained in the salinity gradient of the sea-river interface is an innovative, abundant, clean, and renewable osmotic energy that has garnered considerable attention in recent years. Inspired by the impressively intelligent ion channels in nature, the developed angstrom-scale 2D channels with simple fabrication process, outstanding design flexibility, and substantial charge density exhibit excellent energy conversion performance, opening up a new era for osmotic energy harvesting. However, this attractive research field remains fraught with numerous challenges, particularly due to the complexities associated with the regulation at angstrom scale. In this review, the latest advancements in the design of angstrom-scale 2D channels are primarily outlined for harvesting osmotic energy. Drawing upon the analytical framework of osmotic power generation mechanisms and the insights gleaned from the biomimetic intelligent devices, the design strategies are highlighted for high-performance angstrom channels in terms of structure, functionalization, and application, with a particular emphasis on ion selectivity and ion transport resistance. Finally, current challenges and future prospects are discussed to anticipate the emergence of more anomalous properties and disruptive technologies that can promote large-scale power generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmao Ding
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Tiancheng Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Daoheng Sun
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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5
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Verma AK, Sharma BB. Modulating the Water Contact Angle Using Surface Roughness: Interfacial Properties of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:16058-16068. [PMID: 39056521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) exhibits immense potential in H2O-related technologies, but its interaction with H2O, especially on rough surfaces, remains unclear. This study unravels the influence of surface roughness and force field selection on hBN wettability using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We leverage quantum mechanical calculations to accurately capture the hBN surface charge distribution and combine it with free energy calculations via MD simulations for the hBN-H2O interfaces. Incorporating surface roughness into the model yields results in close agreement with the experimental contact angle of 66° for H2O using FF-3 force fields, validating the simulation approach. However, this approach can yield an unrealistic water contact angle (WCA) of 0° for FF-2 force fields, highlighting the crucial role of force field selection and realistic surface representations. We further dissect the impact of roughness on the WCA, identifying the individual contributions of electrostatic and Lennard-Jones interactions to the work of adhesion. This research investigates the combined impact of surface roughness and force fields on interfacial properties, providing new possibilities for the advancement and optimization of desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar Verma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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6
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Lizée M, Coquinot B, Mariette G, Siria A, Bocquet L. Anomalous friction of supercooled glycerol on mica. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6129. [PMID: 39033119 PMCID: PMC11271443 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Although friction of liquids on solid surfaces is traditionally linked to wettability, recent works have unveiled the role of the solid's internal excitations on interfacial dissipation. In order to directly evidence such couplings, we take advantage of the considerable variation of the molecular timescales of supercooled glycerol under mild change of temperature to explore how friction depends on the liquid's molecular dynamics. Using a dedicated tuning-fork AFM, we measure the slippage of glycerol on mica. We report a 100 fold increase of slip length upon cooling, while liquid-solid friction exhibits a linear scaling with molecular relaxation rate at high temperature. This scaling can be explained by a contribution of mica's phonons which resonate with density fluctuations in the liquid, allowing efficient momentum transfer to mica. These results suggest that engineering phononic spectra of materials could enhance flow performance in nanofluidic channels and industrially relevant membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Lizée
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Baptiste Coquinot
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Guilhem Mariette
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Siria
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Lydéric Bocquet
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005, Paris, France.
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7
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Yang Y, Zhou S, Lv Z, Hung CT, Zhao Z, Zhao T, Chao D, Kong B, Zhao D. Unipolar Ionic Diode Nanofluidic Membranes Enabled by Stepped Mesochannels for Enhanced Salinity Gradient Energy Harvesting. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19580-19589. [PMID: 38977375 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Developing ionic diode membranes featuring asymmetric structures is in high demand for salinity gradient energy harvesting. These membranes offer benefits in mitigating ion concentration polarization, thereby promoting ion permeability. However, most reported works focus on the role of heterogeneous charge-based bipolar ionic diode membranes for ion concentration polarization suppression, with comparatively less attention given to maintaining ion selectivity. Herein, unipolar ionic diode nanofluidic mesoporous silica membranes featuring stepped mesochannels were developed via a micellar sequential oriented interfacial self-assembly strategy as a salinity gradient energy harvester. Due to the asymmetric mesochannels and unipolar structure (both sides carry negative charge), the ionic diode membranes exhibit a strong rectification ratio of ∼15.91 to facilitate unidirectional ion transport while maintaining excellent cation selectivity (cation transfer number of ∼0.85). Besides, the vertically aligned mesochannels significantly reduce ion transport resistance, generating a high ionic flux. Consequently, the unipolar ionic diode nanofluidic membranes demonstrate a power output of 5.88 W/m2 between artificial sea and river water. The unipolar feature gives notable enhancements of 296% and 144% in power output compared to the symmetric membrane and bipolar ionic diode membrane, respectively. This work opens up new routes for designing ionic diode membranes for salinity gradient energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChEM, School of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Shan Zhou
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChEM, School of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Zirui Lv
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChEM, School of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Chin-Te Hung
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChEM, School of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zaiwang Zhao
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, P. R. China
| | - Tiancong Zhao
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChEM, School of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Dongliang Chao
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChEM, School of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Biao Kong
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChEM, School of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChEM, School of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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8
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Liang C, Aluru NR. Tuning Interfacial Water Friction through Moiré Twist. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16141-16150. [PMID: 38856748 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Foundations of nanofluidics can enable advances in diverse applications such as water desalination, energy harvesting, and biological analysis. Dynamically manipulating nanofluidic properties, such as diffusion and friction, is an area of great scientific interest. Twisted bilayer graphene, particularly at the magic angle, has garnered attention for its unconventional superconductivity and correlated insulator behavior due to strong electronic correlations. The impact of the electronic properties of moiré patterns in twisted bilayer graphene on structural and dynamic properties of water remains largely unexplored. Computational challenges, stemming from simulating large unit cells using density functional theory, have hindered progress. This study addresses this gap by investigating water behavior on twisted bilayer graphene, employing a deep neural network potential (DP) model trained with a data set from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that as the twisted angle approaches the magic angle, interfacial water friction increases, leading to a reduced water diffusion. Notably, the analysis shows that at smaller twisted angles with larger moiré patterns, water is more likely to reside in AA stacking regions than AB (or BA) stacking regions, a distinction that diminishes with smaller moiré patterns. This study illustrates the potential for leveraging the distinctive properties of moiré systems to effectively control and optimize interfacial fluid behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxing Liang
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Narayana R Aluru
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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9
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Wu D, Zhao Z, Lin B, Song Y, Qi J, Jiang J, Yuan Z, Cheng B, Zhao M, Tian Y, Wang Z, Wu M, Bian K, Liu KH, Xu LM, Zeng XC, Wang EG, Jiang Y. Probing structural superlubricity of two-dimensional water transport with atomic resolution. Science 2024; 384:1254-1259. [PMID: 38870285 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Low-dimensional water transport can be drastically enhanced under atomic-scale confinement. However, its microscopic origin is still under debate. In this work, we directly imaged the atomic structure and transport of two-dimensional water islands on graphene and hexagonal boron nitride surfaces using qPlus-based atomic force microscopy. The lattice of the water island was incommensurate with the graphene surface but commensurate with the boron nitride surface owing to different surface electrostatics. The area-normalized static friction on the graphene diminished as the island area was increased by a power of ~-0.58, suggesting superlubricity behavior. By contrast, the friction on the boron nitride appeared insensitive to the area. Molecular dynamic simulations further showed that the friction coefficient of the water islands on the graphene could reduce to <0.01.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengpu Zhao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bo Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yizhi Song
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiajie Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zifeng Yuan
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bowei Cheng
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ye Tian
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Muhong Wu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Institute of Physics, CAS and School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Ke Bian
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kai-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li-Mei Xu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - En-Ge Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Institute of Physics, CAS and School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
- Tsientang Institute for Advanced Study, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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10
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Zhang QL, Zhou T, Chang C, Gu SY, Wang YJ, Liu Q, Zhu Z. Ultrahigh-Flux Water Nanopumps Generated by Asymmetric Terahertz Absorption. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:184003. [PMID: 38759176 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.184003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Controlling active transport of water through membrane channels is essential for advanced nanofluidic devices. Despite advancements in water nanopump design using techniques like short-range invasion and subnanometer-level control, challenges remain facilely and remotely realizing massive waters active transport. Herein, using molecular dynamic simulations, we propose an ultrahigh-flux nanopump, powered by frequency-specific terahertz stimulation, capable of unidirectionally transporting massive water through asymmetric-wettability membrane channels at room temperature without any external pressure. The key physics behind this terahertz-powered water nanopump is revealed to be the energy flow resulting from the asymmetric optical absorption of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Lin Zhang
- School of Mathematics-Physics and Finance and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- School of Mathematics-Physics and Finance and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Chao Chang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shi-Yu Gu
- College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yun-Jie Wang
- School of Mathematics-Physics and Finance and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Mathematics-Physics and Finance and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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11
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Zhou R, Neek-Amal M, Peeters FM, Bai B, Sun C. Interlink between Abnormal Water Imbibition in Hydrophilic and Rapid Flow in Hydrophobic Nanochannels. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:184001. [PMID: 38759191 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.184001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Nanoscale extension and refinement of the Lucas-Washburn model is presented with a detailed analysis of recent experimental data and extensive molecular dynamics simulations to investigate rapid water flow and water imbibition within nanocapillaries. Through a comparative analysis of capillary rise in hydrophilic nanochannels, an unexpected reversal of the anticipated trend, with an abnormal peak, of imbibition length below the size of 3 nm was discovered in hydrophilic nanochannels, surprisingly sharing the same physical origin as the well-known peak observed in flow rate within hydrophobic nanochannels. The extended imbibition model is applicable across diverse spatiotemporal scales and validated against simulation results and existing experimental data for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanochannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Mehdi Neek-Amal
- Department of Physics, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, 16875-163 Lavizan, Tehran, Iran
- Departement Fysica, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Francois M Peeters
- Departement Fysica, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Bofeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Chengzhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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12
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Chen X, Qin Y, Zhu Y, Pan X, Wang Y, Ma H, Wang R, Easton CD, Chen Y, Tang C, Du A, Huang A, Xie Z, Zhang X, Simon GP, Banaszak Holl MM, Lu X, Novoselov K, Wang H. Accurate prediction of solvent flux in sub-1-nm slit-pore nanosheet membranes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl1455. [PMID: 38669337 PMCID: PMC11051674 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Nanosheet-based membranes have shown enormous potential for energy-efficient molecular transport and separation applications, but designing these membranes for specific separations remains a great challenge due to the lack of good understanding of fluid transport mechanisms in complex nanochannels. We synthesized reduced MXene/graphene hetero-channel membranes with sub-1-nm pores for experimental measurements and theoretical modeling of their structures and fluid transport rates. Our experiments showed that upon complete rejection of salt and organic dyes, these membranes with subnanometer channels exhibit remarkably high solvent fluxes, and their solvent transport behavior is very different from their homo-structured counterparts. We proposed a subcontinuum flow model that enables accurate prediction of solvent flux in sub-1-nm slit-pore membranes by building a direct relationship between the solvent molecule-channel wall interaction and flux from the confined physical properties of a liquid and the structural parameters of the membranes. This work provides a basis for the rational design of nanosheet-based membranes for advanced separation and emerging nanofluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Yudan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Xueling Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ruoxin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - Yu Chen
- Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Cheng Tang
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Aisheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongli Xie
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Xiwang Zhang
- UQ Dow Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - George P. Simon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mark M. Banaszak Holl
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Xiaohua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Kostya Novoselov
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Building S9, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Huanting Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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13
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Verma AK, Sharma BB. Experimental and Theoretical Insights into Interfacial Properties of 2D Materials for Selective Water Transport Membranes: A Critical Review. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7812-7834. [PMID: 38587122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Interfacial properties, such as wettability and friction, play critical roles in nanofluidics and desalination. Understanding the interfacial properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials is crucial in these applications due to the close interaction between liquids and the solid surface. The most important interfacial properties of a solid surface include the water contact angle, which quantifies the extent of interactions between the surface and water, and the water slip length, which determines how much faster water can flow on the surface beyond the predictions of continuum fluid mechanics. This Review seeks to elucidate the mechanism that governs the interfacial properties of diverse 2D materials, including transition metal dichalcogenides (e.g., MoS2), graphene, and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). Our work consolidates existing experimental and computational insights into 2D material synthesis and modeling and explores their interfacial properties for desalination. We investigated the capabilities of density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations in analyzing the interfacial properties of 2D materials. Specifically, we highlight how MD simulations have revolutionized our understanding of these properties, paving the way for their effective application in desalination. This Review of the synthesis and interfacial properties of 2D materials unlocks opportunities for further advancement and optimization in desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar Verma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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14
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Xu Z. Soft Nanofluidic Machinery. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9765-9772. [PMID: 38545891 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Soft devices integrating flexible structures and versatile material functionalities offer platform technologies for the healthcare, information, and communication industries. The flexibility can be achieved by constructing devices from low-dimensional nanostructures or nanoporous soft materials. By pushing the limits of fabrication and structuring down to the nanometer and Ångstrom scales, nanofluidics with extreme spatial confinement has recently been actively explored for energy-, environment-, and human-friendly device applications as alternative solutions to electronics and mechanotronics. Soft nanofluidic machinery enables ultrafast and selective fluidic transport, efficient energy conversion, and information processing, offering unconventional dimensions of design. The physics behind the design is introduced, followed by discussions on their implementations and performance and an outlook on the opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Xu
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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15
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Emmerich T, Teng Y, Ronceray N, Lopriore E, Chiesa R, Chernev A, Artemov V, Di Ventra M, Kis A, Radenovic A. Nanofluidic logic with mechano-ionic memristive switches. NATURE ELECTRONICS 2024; 7:271-278. [PMID: 38681725 PMCID: PMC11045460 DOI: 10.1038/s41928-024-01137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Neuromorphic systems are typically based on nanoscale electronic devices, but nature relies on ions for energy-efficient information processing. Nanofluidic memristive devices could thus potentially be used to construct electrolytic computers that mimic the brain down to its basic principles of operation. Here we report a nanofluidic device that is designed for circuit-scale in-memory processing. The device, which is fabricated using a scalable process, combines single-digit nanometric confinement and large entrance asymmetry and operates on the second timescale with a conductance ratio in the range of 9 to 60. In operando optical microscopy shows that the memory capabilities are due to the reversible formation of liquid blisters that modulate the conductance of the device. We use these mechano-ionic memristive switches to assemble logic circuits composed of two interactive devices and an ohmic resistor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Emmerich
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yunfei Teng
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- NCCR Bio-Inspired Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Ronceray
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Lopriore
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Electronics and Structures, Institute of Electrical and Microengineering & Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Chiesa
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Electronics and Structures, Institute of Electrical and Microengineering & Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrey Chernev
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vasily Artemov
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Andras Kis
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Electronics and Structures, Institute of Electrical and Microengineering & Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- NCCR Bio-Inspired Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Wu N, Liu Y, Zhang S, Hou D, Yang R, Qi Y, Wang L. Modulation of transport at the interface in the microporous layer for high power density proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 657:428-437. [PMID: 38056047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is a device that demonstrates a significant potential for environmental sustainability, since it efficiently converts chemical energy into electrical energy. The microporous layer (MPL) in PEM fuel cells promotes gas transport and eliminates water. Nevertheless, the power density of PEM fuel cells is restricted by ohmic losses and mass transport losses in conventional MPLs. In this study, we enhanced the power density of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells through the identification of appropriate materials and the mitigation of mass transport losses occurring at the interface between the microporous layer and the catalyst layer. The incorporation of high electron conductivity, slip behavior at the interface between graphene and water, and rapid water evaporation facilitated by nanoporous graphene effectively address transport-related challenges. We evaluated two types of graphene as potential substitutes for carbon black in the microporous layer (MPL). The enhanced power density (up to 1.1 W cm-2) under all humidity conditions and reduced mass transport resistance (a 75 % reduction compared to carbon black MPL) make them promising candidates for next-generation PEM fuel cells. Furthermore, these findings provide guidance for controlling interfacial mass transport in colloidal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningran Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Shengping Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Dandan Hou
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Ruizhi Yang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Luda Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China.
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17
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Xu D, Yan M, Xie Y. Energy harvesting from water streaming at charged surface. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:244-265. [PMID: 37948329 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Water flowing at a charged surface may produce electricity, known as streaming current/potentials, which may be traced back to the 19th century. However, due to the low gained power and efficiencies, the energy conversion from streaming current was far from usable. The emergence of micro/nanofluidic technology and nanomaterials significantly increases the power (density) and energy conversion efficiency. In this review, we conclude the fundamentals and recent progress in electrical double layers at the charged surface. We estimate the generated power by hydrodynamic energy dissipation in multi-scaling flows considering the viscous systems with slipping boundary and inertia systems. Then, we review the coupling of volume flow and current flow by the Onsager relation, as well as the figure of merits and efficiency. We summarize the state-of-the-art of electrokinetic energy conversions, including critical performance metrics such as efficiencies, power densities, and generated voltages in various systems. We discuss the advantages and possible constraints by the figure of merits, including single-phase flow and flying droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxiang Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Meng Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yanbo Xie
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
- School of Aeronautics and Institute of Extreme Mechanics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
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18
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Paul A, Aluru NR. Nanoscale electrohydrodynamic ion transport: Influences of channel geometry and polarization-induced surface charges. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:025105. [PMID: 38491612 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.025105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic ion transport has been studied in nanotubes, nanoslits, and nanopores to mimic the advanced functionalities of biological ion channels. However, probing how the intricate interplay between the electrical and mechanical interactions affects ion conduction in asymmetric nanoconduits presents further obstacles. Here, ion transport across a conical nanopore embedded in a polarizable membrane under an electric field and pressure is analyzed by numerically solving a continuum model based on the Poisson, Nernst-Planck, and Navier-Stokes equations. We report an anomalous ionic current depletion, of up to 75%, and an unexpected rise in current rectification when pressure is exerted along the external electric field. Membrane polarization is revealed as the prerequisite to obtain this previously undetected electrohydrodynamic coupling. The electric field induces large surface charges at the pore tip due to its conical shape, creating nonuniform electrical double layers (EDL) with a massive accumulation of electrolyte ions near the orifice. Once applied, the pressure distorts the quasiequilibrium distribution of the EDL ions to influence the nanopore conductivity. Our fundamental approach to inspect the effect of pressure on the channel EDL (and thus ionic conductance) in contrast to its effect on the current arising from the hydrodynamic streaming of ions further explains the pressure-sensitive ion transport in different nanochannels and physical regimes manifested in past experiments, including the hitherto inexplicit mechanism behind the mechanically activated ion transport in carbon nanotubes. This enhances our broad understanding of nanoscale electrohydrodynamic ion transport, yielding a platform to build nanofluidic devices and ionic circuits with more robust and tunable responses to electrical and mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghyadeep Paul
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - N R Aluru
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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19
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Wu H, Liang C, Jeong J, Aluru NR. From ab initio to continuum: Linking multiple scales using deep-learned forces. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:184108. [PMID: 37947511 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We develop a deep learning-based algorithm, called DeepForce, to link ab initio physics with the continuum theory to predict concentration profiles of confined water. We show that the deep-learned forces can be used to predict the structural properties of water confined in a nanochannel with quantum scale accuracy by solving the continuum theory given by Nernst-Planck equation. The DeepForce model has an excellent predictive performance with a relative error less than 7.6% not only for confined water in small channel systems (L < 6 nm) but also for confined water in large channel systems (L = 20 nm) which are computationally inaccessible through the high accuracy ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, we note that classical Molecular dynamics simulations can be inaccurate in capturing the interfacial physics of water in confinement (L < 4.0 nm) when quantum scale physics are neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyi Wu
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Chenxing Liang
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Jinu Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - N R Aluru
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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20
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Liu Y, Wu N, Zeng H, Hou D, Zhang S, Qi Y, Yang R, Wang L. Slip-Enhanced Transport by Graphene in the Microporous Layer for High Power Density Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7883-7891. [PMID: 37639374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are a promising and environmentally friendly device to directly convert hydrogen energy into electric energy. However, water flooding and gas transport losses degrade its power density owing to structural issues (cracks, roughness, etc.) of the microporous layer (MPL). Here, we introduce a green material, supercritical fluid exfoliated graphene (s-Gr), to act as a network to effectively improve gas transport and water management. The assembled PEM fuel cell achieves a power density of 1.12 W cm-2. This improved performance is attributed to the reduction of cracks and the slip of water and gas on the s-Gr surface, in great contrast to the nonslip behavior on carbon black (CB). These findings open up an avenue to solve the water and gas transport problem in porous media by materials design with low friction and provide a new opportunity to boost high power density PEM fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Ningran Wu
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haiou Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dandan Hou
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Shengping Zhang
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Ruizhi Yang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Luda Wang
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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21
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Yu X, Principi A, Tielrooij KJ, Bonn M, Kavokine N. Electron cooling in graphene enhanced by plasmon-hydron resonance. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:898-904. [PMID: 37349505 PMCID: PMC10427419 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating for the crucial role of a solid's free electrons in the dynamics of solid-liquid interfaces. Liquids induce electronic polarization and drive electric currents as they flow; electronic excitations, in turn, participate in hydrodynamic friction. Yet, the underlying solid-liquid interactions have been lacking a direct experimental probe. Here we study the energy transfer across liquid-graphene interfaces using ultrafast spectroscopy. The graphene electrons are heated up quasi-instantaneously by a visible excitation pulse, and the time evolution of the electronic temperature is then monitored with a terahertz pulse. We observe that water accelerates the cooling of the graphene electrons, whereas other polar liquids leave the cooling dynamics largely unaffected. A quantum theory of solid-liquid heat transfer accounts for the water-specific cooling enhancement through a resonance between the graphene surface plasmon mode and the so-called hydrons-water charge fluctuations-particularly the water libration modes, which allows for efficient energy transfer. Our results provide direct experimental evidence of a solid-liquid interaction mediated by collective modes and support the theoretically proposed mechanism for quantum friction. They further reveal a particularly large thermal boundary conductance for the water-graphene interface and suggest strategies for enhancing the thermal conductivity in graphene-based nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Yu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Klaas-Jan Tielrooij
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST and CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nikita Kavokine
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany.
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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Liu D, Wu J, Lu D. Transferability evaluation of the deep potential model for simulating water-graphene confined system. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:044712. [PMID: 37522409 DOI: 10.1063/5.0153196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Machine learning potentials (MLPs) are poised to combine the accuracy of ab initio predictions with the computational efficiency of classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. While great progress has been made over the last two decades in developing MLPs, there is still much to be done to evaluate their model transferability and facilitate their development. In this work, we construct two deep potential (DP) models for liquid water near graphene surfaces, Model S and Model F, with the latter having more training data. A concurrent learning algorithm (DP-GEN) is adopted to explore the configurational space beyond the scope of conventional ab initio MD simulation. By examining the performance of Model S, we find that an accurate prediction of atomic force does not imply an accurate prediction of system energy. The deviation from the relative atomic force alone is insufficient to assess the accuracy of the DP models. Based on the performance of Model F, we propose that the relative magnitude of the model deviation and the corresponding root-mean-square error of the original test dataset, including energy and atomic force, can serve as an indicator for evaluating the accuracy of the model prediction for a given structure, which is particularly applicable for large systems where density functional theory calculations are infeasible. In addition to the prediction accuracy of the model described above, we also briefly discuss simulation stability and its relationship to the former. Both are important aspects in assessing the transferability of the MLP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfei Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Diannan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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23
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Melnik S, Ryzhov A, Kiselev A, Radenovic A, Weil T, Stevenson KJ, Artemov VG. Confinement-Controlled Water Engenders Unusually High Electrochemical Capacitance. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:6572-6576. [PMID: 37458683 PMCID: PMC10388349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The electrodynamics of nanoconfined water have been shown to change dramatically compared to bulk water, opening room for safe electrochemical systems. We demonstrate a nanofluidic "water-only" battery that exploits anomalously high electrolytic properties of pure water at firm confinement. The device consists of a membrane electrode assembly of carbon-based nanomaterials, forming continuously interconnected water-filled nanochannels between the separator and electrodes. The efficiency of the cell in the 1-100 nm pore size range shows a maximum energy density at 3 nm, challenging the region of the current metal-ion batteries. Our results establish the electrodynamic fundamentals of nanoconfined water and pave the way for low-cost and inherently safe energy storage solutions that are much needed in the renewable energy sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Melnik
- Atmospheric Microphysics Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Ryzhov
- Center for Low-Emission Transport, Austrian Institute of Technology, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexei Kiselev
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Vasily G Artemov
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Ahmed SA, Li W, Xing XL, Pan XT, Xi K, Li CY, Wang K, Xia XH. Ammonia-Induced Anomalous Ion Transport in Covalent Organic Framework Nanochannels. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2179-2185. [PMID: 37245157 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
More anomalous transport behaviors have been observed with the rapid progress in nanofabrication technology and characterization tools. The ions/molecules inside nanochannels can act dramatically different from those in the bulk systems and exhibit novel mechanisms. Here, we have reported the fabrication of a nanodevice, covalent organic frameworks covered theta pipette (CTP), that combine the advantages of theta pipette (TP), nanochannels framework, and field-effect transistors (FETs) for controlling and modulating the anomalous transport. Our results show that ammonia, a weak base, causes a continuous supply of ions inside covalent organic framework (COF) nanochannels, leading to an abnormally high current depending on the ionic/molecular size and the pore size of the nanochannel. Furthermore, CTP can distinguish different concentrations of ammonia and have all of the qualities of a nanosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud Asif Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518114, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Tong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Yong Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518114, Guangdong, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P. R. China
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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25
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Moghadam F, Zhai M, Zouaoui T, Li K. Hybrid graphene oxide membranes with regulated water and ion permeation channels via functional materials. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2023.100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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26
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Zhao Z, Jin Y, Zhou R, Sun C, Huang X. Unexpected Behavior in Thermal Conductivity of Confined Monolayer Water. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:4090-4098. [PMID: 37105181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer water can be formed under extreme confinement and will present distinctive thermodynamic properties compared with bulk water. In this work, we perform molecular dynamics simulations to study the thermal conductivity of monolayer water confined in graphene channels, finding an unexpected way of thermal conductivity of monolayer water dependent on its number density, which has a close correlation with the structure of water. The monolayer water is in an amorphous state, and its thermal conductivity increases linearly with the area density when the water density is low at first. Then, the thermal conductivity increases as the number density of water rises, which is attributed to the formation of a crystal structure and the reduction of crystal defects as the number of water molecules increases. After reaching the zenith, the thermal conductivity decreases rapidly owing to the formation of a wrinkle structure of monolayer water with excessive water molecules, which weakens the phonon dispersion. Moreover, we further investigate the remarkable effects of the channel height on both the structure and thermal conductivity of monolayer water. In summary, this study demonstrates the close connection between the thermal conductivity of monolayer water and its structure, contributing to not only expanding the understanding of the thermodynamic property of nanoconfined water but also benefiting the engineering applications for nanofluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Zhao
- School of Urban Planning and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Yonghui Jin
- School of Urban Planning and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Runfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Chengzhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- School of Urban Planning and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Shaanxi 710048, China
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27
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Cui G, Xu Z, Li H, Zhang S, Xu L, Siria A, Ma M. Enhanced osmotic transport in individual double-walled carbon nanotube. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2295. [PMID: 37085535 PMCID: PMC10121574 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport of fluid and ions across nanotubes or nanochannels has attracted great attention due to the ultrahigh energy power density and slip length, with applications in water purification, desalination, energy conversion and even ion-based neuromorphic computing. Investigation on individual nanotube or nanochannel is essential in revealing the fundamental mechanism as well as demonstrating the property unambiguously. Surprisingly, while carbon nanotube is the pioneering and one of the most attractive systems for nanofluidics, study on its response and performance under osmotic forcing is lacking. Here, we measure the osmotic energy conversion for individual double-walled carbon nanotube with an inner radius of 2.3 nm. By fabricating a nanofluidic device using photolithography, we find a giant power density (up to 22.5 kW/m2) for the transport of KCl, NaCl, and LiCl solutions across the tube. Further experiments show that such an extraordinary performance originates from the ultrahigh slip lengths (up to a few micrometers). Our results suggest that carbon nanotube is a good candidate for not only ultrafast transport, but also osmotic power harvesting under salinity gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guandong Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Luping Xu
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Alessandro Siria
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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28
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Li H, Xu Z, Ma M. Temperature-dependent slip length for water and electrolyte solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 636:512-517. [PMID: 36652826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The temperature dependence of boundary slip at liquid-solid interface is critical both for the fundamental theory and applications of fluid mechanics on micro and nanoscale, such as sustainable cooling of electronic devices. However, there is a controversy on the temperature dependence of boundary slip which lacks experimental evidence, we aim to resolve it by hypothesizing that the temperature dependent slip length depends on the variation in the interfacial energy barrier. EXPERIMENTS Here, we measured ls - T relation of water and NaCl solution on self-assembled FDTS (Perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane) surface using colloidal probe AFM. The transition of ls - T monotonicity is found. For water and 0.1 M NaCl solution, ls is negatively correlated with T, while for 1 M NaCl solution, ls is positively correlated with T. FINDINGS Together with molecular dynamics simulations, such observation is quantitatively explained with an analytical model based on rate theory, where the ls - T monotonicity depends on the difference between liquid-solid interfacial energy barrier and liquid internal energy barrier. Our results provide not only solid experimental evidence for the boundary slip being a rate process, but also a basis for the thermal-hydrodynamic design of microfluidic and nanofluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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29
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Liu Y, Jiang J, Pu Y, Francisco JS, Zeng XC. Evidence of Formation of 1-10 nm Diameter Ice Nanotubes in Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube Capillaries. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6922-6931. [PMID: 36940168 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Water exhibits rich phase behaviors in nanoscale confinement. Since the simulation evidence of the formation of single-walled ice nanotubes (INTs) in single-walled carbon nanotubes was confirmed experimentally, INTs have been recognized as a form of low-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network. However, the single-walled INTs reported in the literature all possess subnanometer diameters (<1 nm). Herein, based on systematic and large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate the spontaneous freezing transition of liquid water to single-walled INTs with diameters reaching ∼10 nm when confined to capillaries of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DW-CNTs). Three distinct classes of INTs are observed, namely, INTs with flat square walls (INTs-FSW), INTs with puckered rhombic walls (INTs-PRW), and INTs with bilayer hexagonal walls (INTs-BHW). Surprisingly, when water is confined in DW-CNT (3, 3)@(13, 13), an INT-FSW freezing temperature of 380 K can be reached, which is even higher than the boiling temperature of bulk water at atmospheric pressure. The freezing temperatures of INTs-FSW decrease as their caliber increases, approaching to the freezing temperature of two-dimensional flat square ice at the large-diameter limit. In contrast, the freezing temperature of INTs-PRW is insensitive to their diameter. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are performed to examine the stability of the INT-FSW and INT-PRW. The highly stable INTs with diameters beyond subnanometer scale can be exploited for potential applications in nanofluidic technologies and for mass transport as bioinspired nanochannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Yangyang Pu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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30
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Alibakhshi MA, Kang X, Clymer D, Zhang Z, Vargas A, Meunier V, Wanunu M. Scaled-Up Synthesis of Freestanding Molybdenum Disulfide Membranes for Nanopore Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207089. [PMID: 36580439 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
2D materials are ideal for nanopores with optimal detection sensitivity and resolution. Among these, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) has gained traction as a less hydrophobic material than graphene. However, experiments using 2D nanopores remain challenging due to the lack of scalable methods for high-quality freestanding membranes. Herein, a site-directed, scaled-up synthesis of MoS2 membranes on predrilled nanoapertures on 4-inch wafer substrates with 75% yields is reported. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which introduces sulfur and molybdenum dioxide vapors across the sub-100 nm nanoapertures results in exclusive formation of freestanding membranes that seal the apertures. Nucleation and growth near the nanoaperture edges is followed by nanoaperture decoration with MoS2 , which proceeds until a critical flake curvature is achieved, after which fully spanning freestanding membranes form. Intentional blocking of reagent flow through the apertures inhibits MoS2 nucleation around the nanoapertures, promoting the formation of large-crystal monolayer MoS2 membranes. The in situ grown membranes along with facile membrane wetting and nanopore formation using dielectric breakdown enables the recording of dsDNA translocation events at an unprecedentedly high 1 MHz bandwidth. The methods presented here are important steps toward the development of scalable single-layer membrane manufacture for 2D nanofluidics and nanopore applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinqi Kang
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David Clymer
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Zhuoyu Zhang
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
| | - Anthony Vargas
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vincent Meunier
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Meni Wanunu
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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31
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Liu Y, Xie S, Wu J, Jiang L, Liu L, Li J. Revealing the confinement effects of graphitic carbon nitride nanochannels on the water desalination performance. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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32
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Oyarzua E, Walther JH, Zambrano HA. Water flow in graphene nanochannels driven by imposed thermal gradients: the role of flexural phonons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5073-5081. [PMID: 36722986 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04093j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Accurate control of fluid transport in nanoscale structures is key to enable the design of foreseeable nanofluidic devices with applications in many fields such as chip cooling, energy conversion, drug delivery and medical diagnosis. Here, inspired by the experimental observation of intrinsic thermal ripples in graphene and by recent advances in the manipulation of 2D nanomaterials, we introduce a graphene-based thermal nanopump which produces controlled and continuous liquid flow in nanoslit channels. We investigate the performance of this thermal nanopump employing large scale molecular dynamics simulations. Upon systematically imposing thermal gradients, a net water flow towards the low-temperature zone is observed, achieving flow velocities up to 4 m s-1. We observe that water flow rates increase monotonically due to larger ripple fluctuations on the graphene layers as higher thermal gradients are applied. Moreover, we find that the out-of-plane flexural phonons in graphene are responsible for flow generation wherein lower frequency phonon branches are activated with higher imposed thermal gradients. Furthermore, by modifying the wettability of the channel walls, an increase of 50% in the water flow rates is observed, showing that the efficiency of the proposed thermal pump can be enhanced by tuning the channel wall hydrophobicity. Our results indicate that thermal gradients can be employed to drive continuous water flow in graphene nanoslit channels with potential applications in nanofluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elton Oyarzua
- Department of Computing Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218 Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Jens H Walther
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Harvey A Zambrano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaiso, Chile.
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33
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Bui AT, Thiemann FL, Michaelides A, Cox SJ. Classical Quantum Friction at Water-Carbon Interfaces. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:580-587. [PMID: 36626824 PMCID: PMC9881168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Friction at water-carbon interfaces remains a major puzzle with theories and simulations unable to explain experimental trends in nanoscale waterflow. A recent theoretical framework─quantum friction (QF)─proposes to resolve these experimental observations by considering nonadiabatic coupling between dielectric fluctuations in water and graphitic surfaces. Here, using a classical model that enables fine-tuning of the solid's dielectric spectrum, we provide evidence from simulations in general support of QF. In particular, as features in the solid's dielectric spectrum begin to overlap with water's librational and Debye modes, we find an increase in friction in line with that proposed by QF. At the microscopic level, we find that this contribution to friction manifests more distinctly in the dynamics of the solid's charge density than that of water. Our findings suggest that experimental signatures of QF may be more pronounced in the solid's response rather than liquid water's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna T. Bui
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CambridgeCB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Fabian L. Thiemann
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CambridgeCB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Thomas
Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, Gower Street, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CambridgeCB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Cox
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CambridgeCB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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34
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Garcia R. Interfacial Liquid Water on Graphite, Graphene, and 2D Materials. ACS NANO 2023; 17:51-69. [PMID: 36507725 PMCID: PMC10664075 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The optical, electronic, and mechanical properties of graphite, few-layer, and two-dimensional (2D) materials have prompted a considerable number of applications. Biosensing, energy storage, and water desalination illustrate applications that require a molecular-scale understanding of the interfacial water structure on 2D materials. This review introduces the most recent experimental and theoretical advances on the structure of interfacial liquid water on graphite-like and 2D materials surfaces. On pristine conditions, atomic-scale resolution experiments revealed the existence of 1-3 hydration layers. Those layers were separated by ∼0.3 nm. The experimental data were supported by molecular dynamics simulations. However, under standard working conditions, atomic-scale resolution experiments revealed the presence of 2-3 hydrocarbon layers. Those layers were separated by ∼0.5 nm. Linear alkanes were the dominant molecular specie within the hydrocarbon layers. Paradoxically, the interface of an aged 2D material surface immersed in water does not have water molecules on its vicinity. Free-energy considerations favored the replacement of water by alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Garcia
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales
de Madrid, CSIC, c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049Madrid, Spain
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35
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Xu Z, Li H, Ma M. Accurate estimation of dynamical quantities for nonequilibrium nanoscale systems. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:014124. [PMID: 36797886 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.014124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations of dynamical quantities are fundamental and inevitable. For the booming research in nanotechnology, huge relative fluctuation comes with the reduction of system size, leading to large uncertainty for the estimates of dynamical quantities. Thus, increasing statistical efficiency, i.e., reducing the number of samples required to achieve a given accuracy, is of great significance for accurate estimation. Here we propose a theory as a fundamental solution for such problem by constructing auxiliary path for each real path. The states on auxiliary paths constitute canonical ensemble and share the same macroscopic properties (NVT) with the initial states of the real path. By implementing the theory in molecular dynamics simulations, we obtain a nanoscale Couette flow field with an accuracy of 0.2μm/s with relative standard error <0.1. The required number of samples is reduced by 12 orders compared to conventional method. The predicted thermolubric behavior of water sliding on a self-assembled surface is directly validated by experiment under the same velocity. This theory only assumes the system is initially in thermal equilibrium, then driven from that equilibrium by an external perturbation. It could serve as a general approach for extracting the accurate estimate of dynamical quantities from large fluctuations to provide insights on atomic level under experimental conditions, and benefit the studies on mass transport through (biological) nanochannels and fluid film lubrication of nanometer thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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36
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Duan H, Ying Z, Tian L, Cheng Y, Shi L. Aqueous Proton Transportation in Graphene-Based Nanochannels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:15413-15421. [PMID: 36459439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has been unveiled to exhibit high proton conductivity in a humidified or aqueous environment, making it a promising candidate to construct proton conduction nanochannels. In this work, we systematically investigate how the confinement effect and surface chemistry influence the proton transportation behavior in graphene-based nanochannels via extensive ReaxFF MD simulations. Graphene (GE), graphane (GA), and hydroxygraphane (HG) sheets were employed to mimic the graphitic and functionalized region of GO and construct nanochannels with different interlayer distances. We find that confined water molecules are stratified and their orientation is influenced by the surface chemistry, thus impacting the distribution of protons. Surface chemistry makes the compression of the hydrogen-bond network induced by the confinement effect more variable. The hydrogen-bond network between GE slabs is crushed by extreme confinement and ultrafast proton transportation behavior mainly achieved via vehicle mechanism. Meanwhile, the hydrogen-bond network and solvation structure can be kept more complete with the existence of functional groups. The hydrogen bonds formed with surface functional groups impede the transportation of water molecules but allow more Grotthuss hopping of protons to different extents. Our work clarified the proton transportation mechanism in graphene-based nanochannels with different interlayer distances and surface chemistry and can guide the future design of proton conduction devices such as proton exchange membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Zhixuan Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Liliang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
- China Fujian Shuikou Power Generation Group Corp., Fuzhou350004, China
| | - Yonghong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Le Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
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37
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Banuprasad TN, DasGupta S, Chakraborty S. Thermally Programmable Dynamic Capillarity in Nanofluidic Channels Grafted with Smart Elastomeric Layers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201691. [PMID: 36287095 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates thermally programmable dynamic capillarity in exclusively engineered nanochannels functionalized by grafted smart elastomeric layers onto their inner surfaces. Tunable control of the capillarity is observed over the temperature window of 25-31 °C, deciphering the possibility of a sevenfold alteration in the rate of capillary flow. A simple theory explains the confluence of viscous and capillary interactions as mediated by the non-trivial interplay of the substrate wettability, confinement-induced surface layering of molecules, and thermally activated modulation of surface tension, to bring out this intriguing effect. The technology is demonstrated to be completely reconfigurable over the intended spatial and temporal regimes, via selective grafting of the channel surface and preferential choice of the activation temperature. Such favorable features as opposed to more complex yet non-reconfigurable flow manipulation strategies previously reported are likely to open up new possibilities of highly precise controlled nanofluidic manipulation of temperature-sensitive biological samples and chemical species on-demand, for applications ranging from biomedical technologies to energy harvesting and water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunando DasGupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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38
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Sacchi M, Tamtögl A. Water adsorption and dynamics on graphene and other 2D materials: Computational and experimental advances. ADVANCES IN PHYSICS: X 2022; 8:2134051. [PMID: 36816858 PMCID: PMC7614201 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2134051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of water and surfaces, at molecular level, is of critical importance for understanding processes such as corrosion, friction, catalysis and mass transport. The significant literature on interactions with single crystal metal surfaces should not obscure unknowns in the unique behaviour of ice and the complex relationships between adsorption, diffusion and long-range inter-molecular interactions. Even less is known about the atomic-scale behaviour of water on novel, non-metallic interfaces, in particular on graphene and other 2D materials. In this manuscript, we review recent progress in the characterisation of water adsorption on 2D materials, with a focus on the nano-material graphene and graphitic nanostructures; materials which are of paramount importance for separation technologies, electrochemistry and catalysis, to name a few. The adsorption of water on graphene has also become one of the benchmark systems for modern computational methods, in particular dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT). We then review recent experimental and theoretical advances in studying the single-molecular motion of water at surfaces, with a special emphasis on scattering approaches as they allow an unparalleled window of observation to water surface motion, including diffusion, vibration and self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sacchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - A. Tamtögl
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
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39
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Lu XL, Shao JC, Chi HZ, Zhang W, Qin H. Self-Assembly of a Graphene Oxide Liquid Crystal for Water Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47549-47559. [PMID: 36219449 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Adsorbents, especially those with high removal efficiency, long life, and multi-purpose capabilities, are the most crucial components in an adsorption system. By taking advantage of the liquid-like mobility and crystal-like ordering of liquid crystal materials, a liquid crystal induction method is developed and applied to construct three-dimensional graphene-based adsorbents featuring excellent shape adaptability, a distinctive pore structure, and abundant surface functional groups. When the monoliths are used for water restoration, the large amount of residual oxygen-containing groups is more susceptible to electrophilic attack, thus contributing to cation adsorption (up to 705.4 mg g-1 for methylene blue), while the connected microvoids between the aligned graphene oxide sheets facilitate mass transfer, e.g., the high adsorption capacity for organic pollutants (196.2 g g-1 for ethylene glycol) and the high evaporation rate for water (4.01 kg m-2 h-1). This work gives a practical method for producing high-performance graphene-based functional materials for those applications that are sensitive to surface and mass transfer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liang Lu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Cheng Shao
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhong Chi
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Qin
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
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40
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Green Y. Electrical Conductance of Charged Nanopores. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:36150-36156. [PMID: 36278037 PMCID: PMC9583083 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A nanopore's response to an electrical potential drop is characterized by its electrical conductance, . For the last two decades, it has been thought that at low electrolyte concentrations, , the conductance is concentration-independent such that . It has been recently demonstrated that surface charge regulation changes the dependency to , whereby the slope typically takes the values α = 1/3 or 1/2. However, experiments have observed slopes of 2/3 and 1 suggesting that additional mechanisms, such as convection and slip-lengths, appear. Here, we elucidate the interplay between three mechanisms: surface charge regulation, convection, and slip lengths. We show that the inclusion of convection does not change the slope, and when the effects of hydrodynamic slip are included, the slope is doubled. We show that when all effects are accounted for, α can take any value between 0 and 1 where the exact value of the slope depends on the material properties. This result is of utmost importance in designing any electro-kinetically driven nanofluidic system characterized by its conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Green
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva8410501, Israel
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41
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Li H, Xu Z, Ma C, Ma M. Translucency and negative temperature-dependence for the slip length of water on graphene. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14636-14644. [PMID: 36165069 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01481e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbonous materials, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, have attracted tremendous attention in the fields of nanofluidics due to the slip at the interface between solid and liquid. The dependence of slip length for water on the types of supporting substrates and thickness of the carbonous layer, which is critical for applications such as sustainable cooling of electronic devices, remains unknown. In this paper, using colloidal probe atomic force microscopy, we measured the slip length ls of water on graphene supported by hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates, i.e., SiO2 and octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTS). The ls on single-layer graphene supported by SiO2 is found to be 1.6 ± 1.9 nm, and that of OTS is 8.5 ± 0.9 nm. When the thickness of few-layer graphene increases to 3-4 layers, both ls values gradually converge to the value of graphite (4.3 ± 3.5 nm). Such a thickness dependence is termed slip length translucency. Further, ls is found to decrease by about 70% when temperature increases from 300 K to 350 K for 2-layer graphene supported by SiO2. These observations are explained by analysis based on the Green-Kubo relation and McLachlan theory. Our results provide the first set of reference values for the slip length of water on supported few-layer graphene. They can not only serve as a direct experimental reference for solid-liquid interaction, but also provide a guideline for the design of nanofluidics-based devices, for example thermo-mechanical nanofluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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42
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Noh Y, Aluru NR. Effect of interfacial vibrational coupling on surface wettability and water transport. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:025106. [PMID: 36109939 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.025106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report that the atomic-scale vibrational coupling at the solid-fluid interface can substantially alter the interfacial properties such as wettability and fluid slip. The wettability of water droplets on substrates subjected to various vibrational frequencies is studied using molecular dynamics simulation. The contact angle increases (i.e., becomes more hydrophobic) when the oscillation frequency of the substrate matches the intermolecular bending frequency of liquid water. We investigate the underlying mechanism by examining the dynamics of water molecules at the interface and find that the temporal contact between the solid and fluid is shorter when the frequencies match, resulting in weak solid-fluid adsorption. We further report that the vibrational match at the interface reduces wall-fluid friction and enhances water transport through the nanopore. Our findings demonstrate the importance of the atomic-scale vibrational coupling at the solid-fluid interface on the physicochemical behavior of nanodevices and biological nanochannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechan Noh
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - N R Aluru
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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43
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Thiemann F, Schran C, Rowe P, Müller EA, Michaelides A. Water Flow in Single-Wall Nanotubes: Oxygen Makes It Slip, Hydrogen Makes It Stick. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10775-10782. [PMID: 35726839 PMCID: PMC9331139 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Experimental measurements have reported ultrafast and radius-dependent water transport in carbon nanotubes which are absent in boron nitride nanotubes. Despite considerable effort, the origin of this contrasting (and fascinating) behavior is not understood. Here, with the aid of machine learning-based molecular dynamics simulations that deliver first-principles accuracy, we investigate water transport in single-wall carbon and boron nitride nanotubes. Our simulations reveal a large, radius-dependent hydrodynamic slippage on both materials, with water experiencing indeed a ≈5 times lower friction on carbon surfaces compared to boron nitride. Analysis of the diffusion mechanisms across the two materials reveals that the fast water transport on carbon is governed by facile oxygen motion, whereas the higher friction on boron nitride arises from specific hydrogen-nitrogen interactions. This work not only delivers a clear reference of quantum mechanical accuracy for water flow in single-wall nanotubes but also provides detailed mechanistic insight into its radius and material dependence for future technological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian
L. Thiemann
- Thomas
Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics
and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United
Kingdom
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Schran
- Thomas
Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics
and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United
Kingdom
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Rowe
- Thomas
Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics
and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United
Kingdom
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Erich A. Müller
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Thomas
Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics
and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United
Kingdom
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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44
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Zhang Y, Wang S, Tang P, Zhao Z, Xu Z, Yu ZZ, Zhang HB. Realizing Spontaneously Regular Stacking of Pristine Graphene Oxide by a Chemical-Structure-Engineering Strategy for Mechanically Strong Macroscopic Films. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8869-8880. [PMID: 35604787 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical-electrical properties of macroscopic graphene films derived from graphene oxide (GO) sheets are substantially restricted by their surface wrinkles and structural misalignment. Herein, we propose a chemical-structure-engineering strategy to realize the spontaneously regular stacking of modified GO (GO-m) with trace carboxyl. The highly aligned GO-m film delivers a fracture strength and modulus of nearly 3- and 5-fold higher than a wrinkled film with conventional Hummer's method derived GO (GO-c). The favorable assembly pattern of GO-m sheets is attributed to their decreased interfacial friction on the atomic scale, which weakens their local gelation capability for freer configuration adjustment during the assembly process. The chemical structure of GO-m can be further engineered by an epoxide-to-hydroxyl reaction, achieving a record high tensile strength of up to 631 MPa for the pristine GO film. By exploring the relationship between the surface terminations of GO and its stacking mode, this work proves the feasibility to realize high-performance macroscopic materials with optimized microstructure through the chemical modulation of nanosheet assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Shijun Wang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Zhenfang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
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45
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Toh W, Ang EYM, Lin R, Liu Z, Ng TY. On the Performance of Vertically Aligned Graphene Array Membranes for Desalination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27405-27412. [PMID: 35666644 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we perform molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the performance of multilayer graphene slit membranes. Graphene slit membranes at a critical slit size have been found to be promising desalination membranes. In this contribution, it is shown that multilayer slit membranes have the potential to provide significantly better permeability while retaining outstanding salt rejection. Improved permeability of the membrane is achieved by using slits of widths larger than the critical slit size required to reject salt through size exclusion, and desalination of sea water is performed by increased resistance to salt passage through the multilayering. To facilitate the design process of future multilayer membranes, we analyze the flow resistance of the membrane as a combination of electrical resistors in series and show that this analogy works for membranes where the layers possess the same slit size, as well as membranes with layers of different slit sizes. Comparing with single layer graphene membranes, it was shown that it is possible to obtain 55% improvement in permeability without loss in salt rejection capabilities through multilayering. This opens up possibilities for membrane designers to be free from the restrictions of using a single layer graphene slit membrane with a fixed slit width.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Toh
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Elisa Yun Mei Ang
- Engineering Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Drive, 138683, Singapore
| | - Rongming Lin
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Zishun Liu
- International Center for Applied Mechanics, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Teng Yong Ng
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
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46
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Emmerich T, Vasu KS, Niguès A, Keerthi A, Radha B, Siria A, Bocquet L. Enhanced nanofluidic transport in activated carbon nanoconduits. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:696-702. [PMID: 35422506 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon has emerged as a unique material in nanofluidics, with reports of fast water transport, molecular ion separation and efficient osmotic energy conversion. Many of these phenomena still await proper rationalization due to the lack of fundamental understanding of nanoscale ionic transport, which can only be achieved in controlled environments. Here we develop the fabrication of 'activated' two-dimensional carbon nanochannels. Compared with nanoconduits with 'pristine' graphite walls, this enables the investigation of nanoscale ionic transport in great detail. We show that activated carbon nanochannels outperform pristine channels by orders of magnitude in terms of surface electrification, ionic conductance, streaming current and (epi-)osmotic currents. A detailed theoretical framework enables us to attribute the enhanced ionic transport across activated carbon nanochannels to an optimal combination of high surface charge and low friction. Furthermore, this demonstrates the unique potential of activated carbon for energy harvesting from salinity gradients with single-pore power density across activated carbon nanochannels, reaching hundreds of kilowatts per square metre, surpassing alternative nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Emmerich
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Kalangi S Vasu
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Niguès
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ashok Keerthi
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Boya Radha
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alessandro Siria
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Lydéric Bocquet
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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47
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Atomistic Simulations of the Permeability and Dynamic Transportation Characteristics of Diamond Nanochannels. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111785. [PMID: 35683641 PMCID: PMC9181998 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Through atomistic simulations, this work investigated the permeability of hexagonal diamond nanochannels for NaCl solution. Compared with the multilayer graphene nanochannel (with a nominal channel height of 6.8 Å), the diamond nanochannel exhibited better permeability. The whole transportation process can be divided into three stages: the diffusion stage, the transition stage and the flow stage. Increasing the channel height reduced the transition nominal pressure that distinguishes the diffusion and flow stages, and improved water permeability (with increased water flux but reduced ion retention rate). In comparison, channel length and solution concentration exerted ignorable influence on water permeability of the channel. Further simulations revealed that temperature between 300 and 350 K remarkably increased water permeability, accompanied by continuously decreasing transition nominal pressure. Additional investigations showed that the permeability of the nanochannel could be effectively tailored by surface functionalization. This work provides a comprehensive atomic insight into the transportation process of NaCl solution in a diamond nanochannel, and the established understanding could be beneficial for the design of advanced nanofluidic devices.
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48
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Kałużny J, Świetlicka A, Wojciechowski Ł, Boncel S, Kinal G, Runka T, Nowicki M, Stepanenko O, Gapiński B, Leśniewicz J, Błaszkiewicz P, Kempa K. Machine Learning Approach for Application-Tailored Nanolubricants’ Design. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101765. [PMID: 35630989 PMCID: PMC9146785 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The fascinating tribological phenomenon of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) observed at the nanoscale was confirmed in our numerous macroscale experiments. We designed and employed CNT-containing nanolubricants strictly for polymer lubrication. In this paper, we present the experiment characterising how the CNT structure determines its lubricity on various types of polymers. There is a complex correlation between the microscopic and spectral properties of CNTs and the tribological parameters of the resulting lubricants. This confirms indirectly that the nature of the tribological mechanisms driven by the variety of CNT–polymer interactions might be far more complex than ever described before. We propose plasmonic interactions as an extension for existing models describing the tribological roles of nanomaterials. In the absence of quantitative microscopic calculations of tribological parameters, phenomenological strategies must be employed. One of the most powerful emerging numerical methods is machine learning (ML). Here, we propose to use this technique, in combination with molecular and supramolecular recognition, to understand the morphology and macro-assembly processing strategies for the targeted design of superlubricants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Kałużny
- Institute of Combustion Engines and Powertrains, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleksandra Świetlicka
- Institute of Automatic Control and Robotics, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Wojciechowski
- Institute of Machines and Motor Vehicles, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland; (Ł.W.); (G.K.)
| | - Sławomir Boncel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Kinal
- Institute of Machines and Motor Vehicles, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland; (Ł.W.); (G.K.)
| | - Tomasz Runka
- Institute of Materials Research and Quantum Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Marek Nowicki
- Institute of Physics, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland; (M.N.); (P.B.)
| | - Oleksandr Stepanenko
- Institute of Combustion Engines and Powertrains, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Bartosz Gapiński
- Institute of Mechanical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Joanna Leśniewicz
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Poznan Institute of Technology, 60-654 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Paulina Błaszkiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland; (M.N.); (P.B.)
| | - Krzysztof Kempa
- Department of Physics Faculty, Boston College, Boston, MA 02467, USA;
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49
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Lim YJ, Goh K, Wang R. The coming of age of water channels for separation membranes: from biological to biomimetic to synthetic. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4537-4582. [PMID: 35575174 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Water channels are one of the key pillars driving the development of next-generation desalination and water treatment membranes. Over the past two decades, the rise of nanotechnology has brought together an abundance of multifunctional nanochannels that are poised to reinvent separation membranes with performances exceeding those of state-of-the-art polymeric membranes within the water-energy nexus. Today, these water nanochannels can be broadly categorized into biological, biomimetic and synthetic, owing to their different natures, physicochemical properties and methods for membrane nanoarchitectonics. Furthermore, against the backdrop of different separation mechanisms, different types of nanochannel exhibit unique merits and limitations, which determine their usability and suitability for different membrane designs. Herein, this review outlines the progress of a comprehensive amount of nanochannels, which include aquaporins, pillar[5]arenes, I-quartets, different types of nanotubes and their porins, graphene-based materials, metal- and covalent-organic frameworks, porous organic cages, MoS2, and MXenes, offering a comparative glimpse into where their potential lies. First, we map out the background by looking into the evolution of nanochannels over the years, before discussing their latest developments by focusing on the key physicochemical and intrinsic transport properties of these channels from the chemistry standpoint. Next, we put into perspective the fabrication methods that can nanoarchitecture water channels into high-performance nanochannel-enabled membranes, focusing especially on the distinct differences of each type of nanochannel and how they can be leveraged to unlock the as-promised high water transport potential in current mainstream membrane designs. Lastly, we critically evaluate recent findings to provide a holistic qualitative assessment of the nanochannels with respect to the attributes that are most strongly valued in membrane engineering, before discussing upcoming challenges to share our perspectives with researchers for pathing future directions in this coming of age of water channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jie Lim
- Singapore Membrane Technology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore. .,School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Graduate College, Nanyang Technological University, 637553, Singapore
| | - Kunli Goh
- Singapore Membrane Technology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Rong Wang
- Singapore Membrane Technology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore. .,School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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50
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Guo R, Yin Y, Gao T, Lin S, Zhao L. Non-Newtonian shear viscosity of confined water in forsterite nanoslits: insights from molecular dynamics simulations. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2022.2074480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Turbo-Generator Vibration, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuming Yin
- National Engineering Research Center of Turbo-Generator Vibration, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Teng Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Turbo-Generator Vibration, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangchao Lin
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Turbo-Generator Vibration, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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