1
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Yao K, Fang J, Jiang T, Briggs AF, Skipper AM, Kim Y, Belkin MA, Korgel BA, Bank SR, Zheng Y. Tuning Multipolar Mie Scattering of Particles on a Dielectric-Covered Mirror. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16545-16555. [PMID: 38874350 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Optically resonant particles are key building blocks of many nanophotonic devices such as optical antennas and metasurfaces. Because the functionalities of such devices are largely determined by the optical properties of individual resonators, extending the attainable responses from a given particle is highly desirable. Practically, this is usually achieved by introducing an asymmetric dielectric environment. However, commonly used simple substrates have limited influences on the optical properties of the particles atop. Here, we show that the multipolar scattering of silicon microspheres can be effectively modified by placing the particles on a dielectric-covered mirror, which tunes the coupling between the Mie resonances of microspheres and the standing waves and waveguide modes in the dielectric spacer. This tunability allows selective excitation, enhancement, suppression, and even elimination of the multipolar resonances and enables scattering at extended wavelengths, providing transformative opportunities in controlling light-matter interactions for various applications. We further demonstrate with experiments the detection of molecular fingerprints by single-particle mid-infrared spectroscopy and with simulations strong optical repulsive forces that could elevate the particles from a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Yao
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jie Fang
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Taizhi Jiang
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Andrew F Briggs
- Microelectronics Research Center and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Rd. Bldg. 160, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Alec M Skipper
- Microelectronics Research Center and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Rd. Bldg. 160, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Youngsun Kim
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mikhail A Belkin
- Walter Schottky Institute, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Brian A Korgel
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Seth R Bank
- Microelectronics Research Center and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Rd. Bldg. 160, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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2
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Zhou H, Li D, Ren Z, Xu C, Wang LF, Lee C. Surface plasmons-phonons for mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado3179. [PMID: 38809968 PMCID: PMC11135386 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Surface plasmons have proven their ability to boost the sensitivity of mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging by enhancing light-matter interactions. Surface phonons, a counterpart technology to plasmons, present unclear contributions to hyperspectral imaging. Here, we investigate this by developing a plasmon-phonon hyperspectral imaging system that uses asymmetric cross-shaped nanoantennas composed of stacked plasmon-phonon materials. The phonon modes within this system, controlled by light polarization, capture molecular refractive index intensity and lineshape features, distinct from those observed with plasmons, enabling more precise and sensitive molecule identification. In a deep learning-assisted imaging demonstration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), phonons exhibit enhanced identification capabilities (230,400 spectra/s), facilitating the de-overlapping and observation of the spatial distribution of two mixed SARS-CoV spike proteins. In addition, the plasmon-phonon system demonstrates increased identification accuracy (93%), heightened sensitivity, and enhanced detection limits (down to molecule monolayers). These findings extend phonon polaritonics to hyperspectral imaging, promising applications in imaging-guided molecule screening and pharmaceutical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Zhihao Ren
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- NUS Graduate School–Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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3
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Park C, Park NR, Kwon J, Kim H, Gogotsi Y, Koo CM, Kim MK. Ultrahigh Nonlinear Responses from MXene Plasmons in the Short-Wave Infrared Range. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309189. [PMID: 38530975 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Surface plasmons in 2D materials such as graphene exhibit exceptional field confinement. However, the low electron density of majority of 2D materials, which are semiconductors or semimetals, has limited their plasmons to mid-wave or long-wave infrared regime. This study demonstrates that a 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene with high electron density can not only support strong plasmon confinement with an acoustic plasmon mode in the short-wave infrared region, but also provide ultrahigh nonlinear responses. The acoustic MXene plasmons (AMPs) in the MXene (Ti3C2Tx)-insulator (SiO2)-metal (Au) nanostructure generate in the 1.5-6.0 µm wavelength range, exhibiting a two orders of magnitude reduction in wavelength compared to wavelength in free space. Furthermore, AMP resonators with patterned Au rods exhibit a record-high nonlinear absorption coefficient of 1.37 × 10-2 m W-1 at wavelength of 1.56 µm, ≈3 orders of magnitude greater than the highest value recorded for other 2D materials. These results indicate that MXenes can overcome fundamental plasmon wavelength limitations of previously studied 2D materials, providing groundbreaking opportunities in nonlinear optical applications, including all-optical processing and ultrafast optical switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Nu-Ri Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisung Kwon
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chong Min Koo
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ki Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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4
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Liu R, Wang S, Zhou Z, Zhang K, Wang G, Chen C, Long Y. Materials in Radiative Cooling Technologies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401577. [PMID: 38497602 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Radiative cooling (RC) is a carbon-neutral cooling technology that utilizes thermal radiation to dissipate heat from the Earth's surface to the cold outer space. Research in the field of RC has garnered increasing interest from both academia and industry due to its potential to drive sustainable economic and environmental benefits to human society by reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from conventional cooling systems. Materials innovation is the key to fully exploit the potential of RC. This review aims to elucidate the materials development with a focus on the design strategy including their intrinsic properties, structural formations, and performance improvement. The main types of RC materials, i.e., static-homogeneous, static-composite, dynamic, and multifunctional materials, are systematically overviewed. Future trends, possible challenges, and potential solutions are presented with perspectives in the concluding part, aiming to provide a roadmap for the future development of advanced RC materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shancheng Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhengui Zhou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Keyi Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Guanya Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Changyuan Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yi Long
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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5
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Nishida J, Otomo A, Koitaya T, Shiotari A, Minato T, Iino R, Kumagai T. Sub-Tip-Radius Near-Field Interactions in Nano-FTIR Vibrational Spectroscopy on Single Proteins. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:836-843. [PMID: 38193723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced vibrational spectroscopy has advanced to routinely attain nanoscale spatial resolution, with tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy even achieving atomic-scale and submolecular sensitivity. Tip-enhanced infrared spectroscopy techniques, such as nano-FTIR and AFM-IR spectroscopy, have also enabled the nanoscale chemical analysis of molecular monolayers, inorganic nanoparticles, and protein complexes. However, fundamental limits of infrared nanospectroscopy in terms of spatial resolution and sensitivity have remained elusive, calling for a quantitative understanding of the near-field interactions in infrared nanocavities. Here, we demonstrate the application of nano-FTIR spectroscopy to probe the amide-I vibration of a single protein consisting of ∼500 amino acid residues. Detection with higher tip tapping demodulation harmonics up to the seventh order leads to pronounced enhancement in the peak amplitude of the vibrational resonance, originating from sub-tip-radius geometrical effects beyond dipole approximations. This quantitative characterization of single-nanometer near-field interactions opens the path toward employing infrared vibrational spectroscopy at the subnanoscale and single-molecule levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nishida
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Akihiro Otomo
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Takanori Koitaya
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Shiotari
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Taketoshi Minato
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Ryota Iino
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Takashi Kumagai
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
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6
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Fan X, Moreno-Garcia D, Ding J, Gylfason KB, Villanueva LG, Niklaus F. Resonant Transducers Consisting of Graphene Ribbons with Attached Proof Masses for NEMS Sensors. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2024; 7:102-109. [PMID: 38229663 PMCID: PMC10788872 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c03642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The unique mechanical and electrical properties of graphene make it an exciting material for nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). NEMS resonators with graphene springs facilitate studies of graphene's fundamental material characteristics and thus enable innovative device concepts for applications such as sensors. Here, we demonstrate resonant transducers with ribbon-springs made of double-layer graphene and proof masses made of silicon and study their nonlinear mechanics at resonance both in air and in vacuum by laser Doppler vibrometry. Surprisingly, we observe spring-stiffening and spring-softening at resonance, depending on the graphene spring designs. The measured quality factors of the resonators in a vacuum are between 150 and 350. These results pave the way for a class of ultraminiaturized nanomechanical sensors such as accelerometers by contributing to the understanding of the dynamics of transducers based on graphene ribbons with an attached proof mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuge Fan
- Advanced
Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Division
of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Moreno-Garcia
- Advanced
NEMS Group, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jie Ding
- School
of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kristinn B. Gylfason
- Division
of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Frank Niklaus
- Division
of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Wang H, Kumar A, Dai S, Lin X, Jacob Z, Oh SH, Menon V, Narimanov E, Kim YD, Wang JP, Avouris P, Martin Moreno L, Caldwell J, Low T. Planar hyperbolic polaritons in 2D van der Waals materials. Nat Commun 2024; 15:69. [PMID: 38167681 PMCID: PMC10761702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Anisotropic planar polaritons - hybrid electromagnetic modes mediated by phonons, plasmons, or excitons - in biaxial two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals crystals have attracted significant attention due to their fundamental physics and potential nanophotonic applications. In this Perspective, we review the properties of planar hyperbolic polaritons and the variety of methods that can be used to experimentally tune them. We argue that such natural, planar hyperbolic media should be fairly common in biaxial and uniaxial 2D and 1D van der Waals crystals, and identify the untapped opportunities they could enable for functional (i.e. ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric) polaritons. Lastly, we provide our perspectives on the technological applications of such planar hyperbolic polaritons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, China
| | - Anshuman Kumar
- Laboratory of Optics of Quantum Materials, Department of Physics, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
| | - Siyuan Dai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Xiao Lin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zubin Jacob
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Physics, City College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Evgenii Narimanov
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Young Duck Kim
- Department of Physics and Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Phaedon Avouris
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA
| | - Luis Martin Moreno
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Joshua Caldwell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Tony Low
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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8
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Chen R, Li P. Guided spiraling phonon polaritons in rolled one-dimensional MoO 3 nanotubes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:42995-43003. [PMID: 38178403 DOI: 10.1364/oe.502399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Polaritons in reduced-dimensional materials, such as nanowire, nanoribbon and rolled nanotube, usually provide novel avenues for manipulating electromagnetic fields at the nanoscale. Here, we theoretically propose and study hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) with rolled one-dimensional molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nanotube structure. We find that the HPhPs in rolled MoO3 nanotubes exhibit low propagation losses and tunable electromagnetic confinement along the rolled direction. By rolling the twisted bilayer MoO3, we successfully achieve a canalized phonon polaritons mode in the rolled nanotube, enabling their propagation in a spiraling manner along the nanotube. Our findings demonstrate the considerable potential of the rolled MoO3 nanotubes as promising platforms for various applications in light manipulation and nanophotonics circuits, including negative refraction, waveguiding and routing at the ultimate scale.
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9
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He M, Matson JR, Yu M, Cleri A, Sunku SS, Janzen E, Mastel S, Folland TG, Edgar JH, Basov DN, Maria JP, Law S, Caldwell JD. Polariton design and modulation via van der Waals/doped semiconductor heterostructures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7965. [PMID: 38042825 PMCID: PMC10693602 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) can be supported in materials where the real parts of their permittivities along different directions are opposite in sign. HPhPs offer confinements of long-wavelength light to deeply subdiffractional scales, while the evanescent field allows for interactions with substrates, enabling the tuning of HPhPs by altering the underlying materials. Yet, conventionally used noble metal and dielectric substrates restrict the tunability of this approach. To overcome this challenge, here we show that doped semiconductor substrates, e.g., InAs and CdO, enable a significant tuning effect and dynamic modulations. We elucidated HPhP tuning with the InAs plasma frequency in the near-field, with a maximum difference of 8.3 times. Moreover, the system can be dynamically modulated by photo-injecting carriers into the InAs substrate, leading to a wavevector change of ~20%. Overall, the demonstrated hBN/doped semiconductor platform offers significant improvements towards manipulating HPhPs, and potential for engineered and modulated polaritonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Joseph R Matson
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Mingyu Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Angela Cleri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sai S Sunku
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Eli Janzen
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | | | - Thomas G Folland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - James H Edgar
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Jon-Paul Maria
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Stephanie Law
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Joshua D Caldwell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
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10
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Lien MR, Wang N, Guadagnini S, Wu J, Soibel A, Gunapala SD, Wang H, Povinelli ML. Black Phosphorus Molybdenum Disulfide Midwave Infrared Photodiodes with Broadband Absorption-Increasing Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9980-9987. [PMID: 37883580 PMCID: PMC10636840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) has been established as a promising material for room temperature midwave infrared (MWIR) photodetectors. However, many of its attractive optoelectronic properties are often observable only at smaller film thicknesses, which inhibits photodetector absorption and performance. In this work, we show that metasurface gratings increase the absorption of BP-MoS2 heterojunction photodiodes over a broad range of wavelengths in the MWIR. We designed, fabricated, and characterized metasurface gratings that increase absorption at selected wavelengths or broad spectral ranges. We evaluated the broadband metasurfaces by measuring the room temperature responsivity and specific detectivity of BP-MoS2 photodiodes at multiple MWIR wavelengths. Our results show that broadband metasurface gratings are a scalable approach for boosting the performance of BP photodiodes over large spectral ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max R. Lien
- Ming
Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Nan Wang
- Mork
Family Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Silvia Guadagnini
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jiangbin Wu
- Ming
Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Alexander Soibel
- Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute
of Technology, 4800 Oak
Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91030, United States
| | - Sarath D. Gunapala
- Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute
of Technology, 4800 Oak
Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91030, United States
| | - Han Wang
- Ming
Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Mork
Family Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Michelle L. Povinelli
- Ming
Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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11
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Jin R, Huang L, Zhou C, Guo J, Fu Z, Chen J, Wang J, Li X, Yu F, Chen J, Zhao Z, Chen X, Lu W, Li G. Toroidal Dipole BIC-Driven Highly Robust Perfect Absorption with a Graphene-Loaded Metasurface. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9105-9113. [PMID: 37694889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Achieving perfect absorption in few-layer two-dimensional (2D) materials plays a crucial role in applications such as optoelectronics and sensing. However, the underlying mechanisms of all reported works imply a strongly inherent dependence of the central wavelength on the structural parameters. Here, we propose a structure-parameter-deviation immune method for achieving perfect absorption at any desired wavelength by harnessing the toroidal dipole-bound state in the continuum (TD BIC). We experimentally demonstrate the versatile design with a monolayer-graphene-loaded compound grating structure. Such a TD BIC built upon the TE31 mode allows for the transition from BIC to quasi-BIC without breaking the structural symmetry, enabling the stable resonance wavelength while tailoring the quality factors via variation of the gap distance. Comparison with traditional literature further reveals the superiority of our method in realizing highly robust perfect absorption, with a wavelength stability ratio of >15. Remarkably, this approach can be straightforwardly applied to other 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 SubLane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lujun Huang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chaobiao Zhou
- School of Physics and Mechatronic Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiaoyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenchu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feilong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zengyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 SubLane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 SubLane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Guanhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 SubLane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
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12
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Izquierdo-López R, Fandan R, Boscá A, Calle F, Pedrós J. Surface-acoustic-wave-driven graphene plasmonic sensor for fingerprinting ultrathin biolayers down to the monolayer limit. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115498. [PMID: 37423065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon polaritons in graphene can enhance the performance of mid-infrared spectroscopy, which is key for the study of both the composition and the conformation of organic molecules via their vibrational resonances. In this paper, a plasmonic biosensor using a graphene-based van der Waals heterostructure on a piezoelectric substrate is theoretically demonstrated, where far-field light is coupled to surface plasmon-phonon polaritons (SPPPs) through a surface acoustic wave (SAW). The SAW creates an electrically-controlled virtual diffraction grating, suppressing the need for patterning the 2D materials, that limits the polariton lifetime, and enabling differential measurement schemes, which increase the signal-to-noise ratio and allow a quick commutation between reference and sample signals. A transfer matrix method has been used for simulating the SPPPs propagating in the system, which are electrically tuned to interact with the vibrational resonances of the analytes. Furthermore, the analysis of the sensor response with a coupled oscillators model has proven its capability of fingerprinting ultrathin biolayers, even when the interaction is too weak to induce a Fano interference pattern, with a sensitivity down to the monolayer limit, as tested with a protein bilayer or a peptide monolayer. The proposed device paves the way for the development of advanced SAW-assisted lab-on-chip systems combining the existing SAW-mediated physical sensing and microfluidic functionalities with the chemical fingerprinting capability of this novel SAW-driven plasmonic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Izquierdo-López
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Rajveer Fandan
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Alberto Boscá
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Fernando Calle
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Jorge Pedrós
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
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13
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Lee G, Jang S, Kim YB, Cho D, Jeong D, Chae S, Myoung JM, Kim H, Kim SK, Lee JO. Ultrathin Metal Film on Graphene for Percolation-Threshold-Limited Thermal Emissivity Control. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301227. [PMID: 37200230 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Translucent Au/graphene hybrid films are shown to be effective in reducing thermal emission from the underlying surfaces when the deposition thickness of Au is close to the percolation threshold. The critical Au deposition thickness for an abrupt change in emissivity is reduced from 15 nm (Si substrate) to a percolation-threshold-limited thickness of 8.5 nm (graphene/Si substrate) because of the chemical inertness of graphene leading to the deposited Au atoms forming a thin, crystalline layer. The effect of the graphene layer on the optical properties of the hybrid film is highlighted by a drastic increase in infrared absorptivity, whereas the visible absorptivity is marginally affected by the presence of a graphene layer. The level of thermal emission from the Au/graphene hybrid films with the percolation-threshold-limited Au thickness is stable even with high background temperatures of up to 300 °C and mechanical strains of ≈4%. As an example of a thermal management application, an anti-counterfeiting device is demonstrated; thermal-camouflage-masked text fabricated with an Au/graphene hybrid film is discernible only using a thermographic camera. Ultrathin metal film assisted by a graphene layer will provide a facile platform for thermal management with semi-transparency, flexibility, and transferability to arbitrary surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonhee Lee
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Gajeong-ro 141, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Jang
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Gajeong-ro 141, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bin Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwi Cho
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Gajeong-ro 141, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Duwon Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soosang Chae
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Gajeong-ro 141, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Myoung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-O Lee
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Gajeong-ro 141, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
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14
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Zhao Y, Li G, Yao Y, Chen J, Xue M, Bao L, Jin K, Ge C, Chen J. Tunable heterostructural prism for planar polaritonic switch. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:1757-1763. [PMID: 37507260 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The study of phonon polaritons in van der Waals materials at the nanoscale has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential applications in nanophotonics. The unique properties of these materials, such as their ability to support sub-diffraction imaging, sensing, and hyperlenses, have made them a promising avenue for the development of new techniques in the field. Despite these advancements, there still exists a challenge in achieving dynamically reversible manipulation of phonon polaritons in these materials due to their insulating properties. In this study, we present experimental results on the reversible manipulation of anisotropic phonon polaritons in α-MoO3 on top of a VO2 film, a phase-change material known for its dramatic changes in dielectric properties between its insulating and metallic states. Our findings demonstrate that the engineered VO2 film enables a switch in the propagation of polaritons in the mid-infrared region by modifying the dielectric properties of the film through temperature changes. Our results represent a promising approach to effectively control the flow of light energy at the nanoscale and offer the potential for the design and fabrication of integrated, flat sub-diffraction polaritonic devices. This study adds to the growing body of work in the field of nanophotonics and highlights the importance of considering phase-change materials for the development of new techniques in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqian Zhao
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ge Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuyu Yao
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117550, Singapore
| | - Jiancui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengfei Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lihong Bao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Kuijuan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chen Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jianing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China.
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15
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Li D, Xu C, Xie J, Lee C. Research Progress in Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy: From Performance Optimization, Sensing Applications, to System Integration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2377. [PMID: 37630962 PMCID: PMC10458771 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Infrared absorption spectroscopy is an effective tool for the detection and identification of molecules. However, its application is limited by the low infrared absorption cross-section of the molecule, resulting in low sensitivity and a poor signal-to-noise ratio. Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy is a breakthrough technique that exploits the field-enhancing properties of periodic nanostructures to amplify the vibrational signals of trace molecules. The fascinating properties of SEIRA technology have aroused great interest, driving diverse sensing applications. In this review, we first discuss three ways for SEIRA performance optimization, including material selection, sensitivity enhancement, and bandwidth improvement. Subsequently, we discuss the potential applications of SEIRA technology in fields such as biomedicine and environmental monitoring. In recent years, we have ushered in a new era characterized by the Internet of Things, sensor networks, and wearable devices. These new demands spurred the pursuit of miniaturized and consolidated infrared spectroscopy systems and chips. In addition, the rise of machine learning has injected new vitality into SEIRA, bringing smart device design and data analysis to the foreground. The final section of this review explores the anticipated trajectory that SEIRA technology might take, highlighting future trends and possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Junsheng Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou 215123, China
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16
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John-Herpin A, Tittl A, Kühner L, Richter F, Huang SH, Shvets G, Oh SH, Altug H. Metasurface-Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy: An Abundance of Materials and Functionalities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2110163. [PMID: 35638248 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy provides unique information on the composition and dynamics of biochemical systems by resolving the characteristic absorption fingerprints of their constituent molecules. Based on this inherent chemical specificity and the capability for label-free, noninvasive, and real-time detection, infrared spectroscopy approaches have unlocked a plethora of breakthrough applications for fields ranging from environmental monitoring and defense to chemical analysis and medical diagnostics. Nanophotonics has played a crucial role for pushing the sensitivity limits of traditional far-field spectroscopy by using resonant nanostructures to focus the incident light into nanoscale hot-spots of the electromagnetic field, greatly enhancing light-matter interaction. Metasurfaces composed of regular arrangements of such resonators further increase the design space for tailoring this nanoscale light control both spectrally and spatially, which has established them as an invaluable toolkit for surface-enhanced spectroscopy. Starting from the fundamental concepts of metasurface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy, a broad palette of resonator geometries, materials, and arrangements for realizing highly sensitive metadevices is showcased, with a special focus on emerging systems such as phononic and 2D van der Waals materials, and integration with waveguides for lab-on-a-chip devices. Furthermore, advanced sensor functionalities of metasurface-based infrared spectroscopy, including multiresonance, tunability, dielectrophoresis, live cell sensing, and machine-learning-aided analysis are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelian John-Herpin
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Lucca Kühner
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Richter
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Steven H Huang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Hatice Altug
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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17
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Feng L, Liu G, Guo P, Jiang Y, Ma X, Chen Y, Luo J. High-sensitivity non-cooled near-infrared detector based on lithium niobate surface acoustic wave resonators combined with MXene Ti 3C 2Tx quantum dot thin films. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:25829-25839. [PMID: 37710458 DOI: 10.1364/oe.494104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we propose the design of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) near-infrared sensor combined with an MXene quantum dot thin film to improve the infrared absorption efficiency at near-infrared wavelengths. A YZ-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO3) SAW resonator is fabricated as an infrared sensing unit with a resonant frequency shift reflecting the change in infrared radiation. It was observed that the responsivity of the near-infrared sensor (with a base frequency of 460 MHz) increased by approximately 88.89%. Thus, the proposed device exhibits high-performance infrared detection. Owing to the passive wireless capability of the device, it has wide applications.
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18
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Lee S, Seo D, Park SH, Izquierdo N, Lee EH, Younas R, Zhou G, Palei M, Hoffman AJ, Jang MS, Hinkle CL, Koester SJ, Low T. Achieving near-perfect light absorption in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides through band nesting. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3889. [PMID: 37393324 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-perfect light absorbers (NPLAs), with absorbance, [Formula: see text], of at least 99%, have a wide range of applications ranging from energy and sensing devices to stealth technologies and secure communications. Previous work on NPLAs has mainly relied upon plasmonic structures or patterned metasurfaces, which require complex nanolithography, limiting their practical applications, particularly for large-area platforms. Here, we use the exceptional band nesting effect in TMDs, combined with a Salisbury screen geometry, to demonstrate NPLAs using only two or three uniform atomic layers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). The key innovation in our design, verified using theoretical calculations, is to stack monolayer TMDs in such a way as to minimize their interlayer coupling, thus preserving their strong band nesting properties. We experimentally demonstrate two feasible routes to controlling the interlayer coupling: twisted TMD bi-layers and TMD/buffer layer/TMD tri-layer heterostructures. Using these approaches, we demonstrate room-temperature values of [Formula: see text]=95% at λ=2.8 eV with theoretically predicted values as high as 99%. Moreover, the chemical variety of TMDs allows us to design NPLAs covering the entire visible range, paving the way for efficient atomically-thin optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjun Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Dongjea Seo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Nezhueytl Izquierdo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Eng Hock Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Rehan Younas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Guanyu Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Milan Palei
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Anthony J Hoffman
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Min Seok Jang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher L Hinkle
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Steven J Koester
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Tony Low
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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19
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Bylinkin A, Calavalle F, Barra-Burillo M, Kirtaev RV, Nikulina E, Modin E, Janzen E, Edgar JH, Casanova F, Hueso LE, Volkov VS, Vavassori P, Aharonovich I, Alonso-Gonzalez P, Hillenbrand R, Nikitin AY. Dual-Band Coupling of Phonon and Surface Plasmon Polaritons with Vibrational and Electronic Excitations in Molecules. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3985-3993. [PMID: 37116103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling (SC) between light and matter excitations bears intriguing potential for manipulating material properties. Typically, SC has been achieved between mid-infrared (mid-IR) light and molecular vibrations or between visible light and excitons. However, simultaneously achieving SC in both frequency bands remains unexplored. Here, we introduce polaritonic nanoresonators (formed by h-BN layers on Al ribbons) hosting surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at visible frequencies and phonon polaritons (PhPs) at mid-IR frequencies, which simultaneously couple to excitons and molecular vibrations in an adjacent layer of CoPc molecules, respectively. Employing near-field optical nanoscopy, we demonstrate the colocalization of near fields at both visible and mid-IR frequencies. Far-field transmission spectroscopy of the nanoresonator structure covered with a layer of CoPc molecules shows clear mode splittings in both frequency ranges, revealing simultaneous SPP-exciton and PhP-vibron coupling. Dual-band SC may offer potential for manipulating coupling between exciton and molecular vibration in future optoelectronics, nanophotonics, and quantum information applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Bylinkin
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Donostia - San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia - San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | | | | | - Roman V Kirtaev
- Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Dubai, DIP 00000, UAE
| | | | - Evgeny Modin
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Donostia - San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | - Eli Janzen
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - James H Edgar
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Fèlix Casanova
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Donostia - San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Luis E Hueso
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Donostia - San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Valentyn S Volkov
- Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Dubai, DIP 00000, UAE
| | - Paolo Vavassori
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Donostia - San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Igor Aharonovich
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Pablo Alonso-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), El Entego 33940, Spain
| | - Rainer Hillenbrand
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA and EHU/UPV, Donostia - San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Alexey Y Nikitin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia - San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
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20
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Chen S, Leng PL, Konečná A, Modin E, Gutierrez-Amigo M, Vicentini E, Martín-García B, Barra-Burillo M, Niehues I, Maciel Escudero C, Xie XY, Hueso LE, Artacho E, Aizpurua J, Errea I, Vergniory MG, Chuvilin A, Xiu FX, Hillenbrand R. Real-space observation of ultraconfined in-plane anisotropic acoustic terahertz plasmon polaritons. NATURE MATERIALS 2023:10.1038/s41563-023-01547-8. [PMID: 37142739 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Thin layers of in-plane anisotropic materials can support ultraconfined polaritons, whose wavelengths depend on the propagation direction. Such polaritons hold potential for the exploration of fundamental material properties and the development of novel nanophotonic devices. However, the real-space observation of ultraconfined in-plane anisotropic plasmon polaritons (PPs)-which exist in much broader spectral ranges than phonon polaritons-has been elusive. Here we apply terahertz nanoscopy to image in-plane anisotropic low-energy PPs in monoclinic Ag2Te platelets. The hybridization of the PPs with their mirror image-by placing the platelets above a Au layer-increases the direction-dependent relative polariton propagation length and the directional polariton confinement. This allows for verifying a linear dispersion and elliptical isofrequency contour in momentum space, revealing in-plane anisotropic acoustic terahertz PPs. Our work shows high-symmetry (elliptical) polaritons on low-symmetry (monoclinic) crystals and demonstrates the use of terahertz PPs for local measurements of anisotropic charge carrier masses and damping.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chen
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, National Basic Science Center-Terahertz Science and Technology Frontier, Terahertz Precision Biomedical Discipline 111 Project, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - P L Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - A Konečná
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - E Modin
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M Gutierrez-Amigo
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - E Vicentini
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - B Martín-García
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - I Niehues
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - C Maciel Escudero
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - X Y Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - L E Hueso
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - E Artacho
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Donostia International Physics Centre (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J Aizpurua
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Centre (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - I Errea
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Centre (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M G Vergniory
- Donostia International Physics Centre (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Max Planck for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Chuvilin
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - F X Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - R Hillenbrand
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA and Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
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21
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Guo X, Li N, Yang X, Qi R, Wu C, Shi R, Li Y, Huang Y, García de Abajo FJ, Wang EG, Gao P, Dai Q. Hyperbolic whispering-gallery phonon polaritons in boron nitride nanotubes. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:529-534. [PMID: 36823369 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Light confinement in nanostructures produces an enhanced light-matter interaction that enables a vast range of applications including single-photon sources, nanolasers and nanosensors. In particular, nanocavity-confined polaritons display a strongly enhanced light-matter interaction in the infrared regime. This interaction could be further boosted if polaritonic modes were moulded to form whispering-gallery modes; but scattering losses within nanocavities have so far prevented their observation. Here, we show that hexagonal BN nanotubes act as an atomically smooth nanocavity that can sustain phonon-polariton whispering-gallery modes, owing to their intrinsic hyperbolic dispersion and low scattering losses. Hyperbolic whispering-gallery phonon polaritons on BN nanotubes of ~4 nm radius (sidewall of six atomic layers) are characterized by an ultrasmall nanocavity mode volume (Vm ≈ 10-10λ03 at an optical wavelength λ0 ≈ 6.4 μm) and a Purcell factor (Q/Vm) as high as 1012. We posit that BN nanotubes could become an important material platform for the realization of one-dimensional, ultrastrong light-matter interactions, with exciting implications for compact photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ruishi Qi
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenchen Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruochen Shi
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehui Li
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Boron Nitride Micro and Nano Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - En-Ge Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Lab, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, China
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Gao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China.
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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22
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Matveeva OG, Tresguerres-Mata AIF, Kirtaev RV, Voronin KV, Taboada-Gutiérrez J, Lanza C, Duan J, Martín-Sánchez J, Volkov VS, Alonso-González P, Nikitin AY. Twist-tunable polaritonic nanoresonators in a van der Waals crystal. NPJ 2D MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 7:31. [PMID: 38665481 PMCID: PMC11041695 DOI: 10.1038/s41699-023-00387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Optical nanoresonators are key building blocks in various nanotechnological applications (e.g., spectroscopy) due to their ability to effectively confine light at the nanoscale. Recently, nanoresonators based on phonon polaritons (PhPs)-light coupled to lattice vibrations-in polar crystals (e.g., SiC, or h-BN) have attracted much attention due to their strong field confinement, high quality factors, and their potential to enhance the photonic density of states at mid-infrared (mid-IR) frequencies, where numerous molecular vibrations reside. Here, we introduce a new class of mid-IR nanoresonators that not only exhibit the extraordinary properties previously reported, but also incorporate a new degree of freedom: twist tuning, i.e., the possibility of controlling their spectral response by simply rotating the constituent material. To achieve this result, we place a pristine slab of the van der Waals (vdW) α-MoO3 crystal, which supports in-plane hyperbolic PhPs, on an array of metallic ribbons. This sample design based on electromagnetic engineering, not only allows the definition of α-MoO3 nanoresonators with low losses (quality factors, Q, up to 200), but also enables a broad spectral tuning of the polaritonic resonances (up to 32 cm-1, i.e., up to ~6 times their full width at half maximum, FWHM ~5 cm-1) by a simple in-plane rotation of the same slab (from 0 to 45°). These results open the door to the development of tunable and low-loss IR nanotechnologies, fundamental requirements for their implementation in molecular sensing, emission or photodetection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. G. Matveeva
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - R. V. Kirtaev
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - K. V. Voronin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J. Taboada-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - C. Lanza
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - J. Duan
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - J. Martín-Sánchez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - V. S. Volkov
- XPANCEO, Bayan Business Center, DIP, 607-0406 Dubai, UAE
| | - P. Alonso-González
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - A. Y. Nikitin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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23
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Taha BA, Al Mashhadany Y, Al-Jubouri Q, Rashid ARBA, Luo Y, Chen Z, Rustagi S, Chaudhary V, Arsad N. Next-generation nanophotonic-enabled biosensors for intelligent diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 variants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163333. [PMID: 37028663 PMCID: PMC10076079 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Constantly mutating SARS-CoV-2 is a global concern resulting in COVID-19 infectious waves from time to time in different regions, challenging present-day diagnostics and therapeutics. Early-stage point-of-care diagnostic (POC) biosensors are a crucial vector for the timely management of morbidity and mortalities caused due to COVID-19. The state-of-the-art SARS-CoV-2 biosensors depend upon developing a single platform for its diverse variants/biomarkers, enabling precise detection and monitoring. Nanophotonic-enabled biosensors have emerged as 'one platform' to diagnose COVID-19, addressing the concern of constant viral mutation. This review assesses the evolution of current and future variants of the SARS-CoV-2 and critically summarizes the current state of biosensor approaches for detecting SARS-CoV-2 variants/biomarkers employing nanophotonic-enabled diagnostics. It discusses the integration of modern-age technologies, including artificial intelligence, machine learning and 5G communication with nanophotonic biosensors for intelligent COVID-19 monitoring and management. It also highlights the challenges and potential opportunities for developing intelligent biosensors for diagnosing future SARS-CoV-2 variants. This review will guide future research and development on nano-enabled intelligent photonic-biosensor strategies for early-stage diagnosing of highly infectious diseases to prevent repeated outbreaks and save associated human mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakr Ahmed Taha
- Photonics Technology Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia.
| | - Yousif Al Mashhadany
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Anbar, Anbar 00964, Iraq
| | - Qussay Al-Jubouri
- Department of Communication Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Affa Rozana Bt Abdul Rashid
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Yunhan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Department of Physics, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110045, India.
| | - Norhana Arsad
- Photonics Technology Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia.
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24
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Guo X, Lyu W, Chen T, Luo Y, Wu C, Yang B, Sun Z, García de Abajo FJ, Yang X, Dai Q. Polaritons in Van der Waals Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2201856. [PMID: 36121344 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
2D monolayers supporting a wide variety of highly confined plasmons, phonon polaritons, and exciton polaritons can be vertically stacked in van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) with controlled constituent layers, stacking sequence, and even twist angles. vdWHs combine advantages of 2D material polaritons, rich optical structure design, and atomic scale integration, which have greatly extended the performance and functions of polaritons, such as wide frequency range, long lifetime, ultrafast all-optical modulation, and photonic crystals for nanoscale light. Here, the state of the art of 2D material polaritons in vdWHs from the perspective of design principles and potential applications is reviewed. Some fundamental properties of polaritons in vdWHs are initially discussed, followed by recent discoveries of plasmons, phonon polaritons, exciton polaritons, and their hybrid modes in vdWHs. The review concludes with a perspective discussion on potential applications of these polaritons such as nanophotonic integrated circuits, which will benefit from the intersection between nanophotonics and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lyu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tinghan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering and QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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25
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Rasmussen TP, Rodríguez Echarri A, García de Abajo FJ, Cox JD. Nonlocal and cascaded effects in nonlinear graphene nanoplasmonics. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3150-3158. [PMID: 36648761 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06286k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The ability of plasmons to focus light on nanometer length scales opens a wide range of enticing applications in optics and photonics, among which the enhancement of nonlinear light-matter interactions for all-optical modulation and spectral diversification emerges as a prominent theme. However, the subwavelength plasmonic near-field enhancement in good plasmonic materials such as noble metals is hindered by large ohmic losses, while conventional phase-matching of fields in bulk nonlinear crystals is not suitable for realizing nonlinear optical phenomena on the nanoscale. In contrast, anharmonic electron motion of free charge carriers in highly-doped graphene, which supports long-lived, highly-confined, and actively-tunable plasmons, renders the carbon monolayer an excellent platform for both plasmonics and nonlinear optics. Here we theoretically explore the enhancement in nonlinear response that can be achieved by interfacing multiple graphene nanostructures in close proximity to trigger nonlocal effects associated with large gradients in the electromagnetic near field. Focusing on second- and third-harmonic generation, we introduce a semianalytical formalism to describe interacting graphene nanoribbons with independent width, location, and electrical doping, so as to realize configurations in which plasmonic resonances may simultaneously enhance both the fundamental optical excitation frequency and harmonic intermediary and/or output frequencies. Our findings reveal the importance of both passive and active tuning in the design of atomically-thin nanostructures for nonlinear optical applications, and in particular emphasize the role played by nonlocal effects in generating an even-ordered nonlinear response that may contribute to other nonlinear optical processes through a cascaded interaction. We anticipate that our findings can aid in the design of actively-tunable nonlinear plasmonic resonators and metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theis P Rasmussen
- POLIMA-Center for Polariton-driven Light-Matter Interactions, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - A Rodríguez Echarri
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joel D Cox
- POLIMA-Center for Polariton-driven Light-Matter Interactions, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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26
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Ma R, Zhang LG, Zeng Y, Liu GD, Wang LL, Lin Q. Extreme enhancement of optical force via the acoustic graphene plasmon mode. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:6623-6632. [PMID: 36823914 DOI: 10.1364/oe.482723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of enhanced optical force via the acoustic graphene plasmon (AGP) cavities with the ultra-small mode volumes. The AGP mode can generate stronger field confinement and higher momentum, which could provide giant optical force, and has no polarization preference for the optical source. We have demonstrated that the trapping potential and force applied on polystyrene nanoparticle in the AGP cavities are as high as -13.6 × 102 kBT/mW and 2.5 nN/mW, respectively. The effect of radius of rounded corners and gap distance of AGP cavities on the optical force has been studied. Compared with an ideal nanocube, nanocube with rounded corners is more in line with the actual situation of the device. These results show that the larger radius of nanocube rounded corners, the smaller trapping potential and force provided by AGP cavities. Our results pave a new idea for the investigation of optical field and optical force via acoustic plasmon mode.
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27
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Xia-Hou YJ, Yu Y, Zheng JR, Yi J, Zhou J, Qin TX, You EM, Chen HL, Ding SY, Zhang L, Chang KL, Chen K, Moskovits M, Tian ZQ. Graphene Coated Dielectric Hierarchical Nanostructures for Highly Sensitive Broadband Infrared Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206167. [PMID: 36504426 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Broadband infrared (IR) absorption is sought after for wide range of applications. Graphene can support IR plasmonic waves tightly bound to its surface, leading to an intensified near-field. However, the excitation of graphene plasmonic waves usually relies on resonances. Thus, it is still difficult to directly obtain both high near-field intensity and high absorption rate in ultra-broad IR band. Herein, a novel method is proposed to directly realize high near-field intensity in broadband IR band by graphene coated manganous oxide microwires featured hierarchical nanostructures (HNSs-MnO@Gr MWs) both experimentally and theoretically. Both near-field intensity and IR absorption of HNSs-MnO@Gr MWs are enhanced by at least one order of magnitude compared to microwires with smooth surfaces. The results demonstrate that the HNSs-MnO@Gr MWs support vibrational sensing of small organic molecules, covering the whole fingerprint region and function group region. Compared with the graphene-flake-based enhancers, the signal enhancement factors reach a record high of 103 . Furthermore, just a single HNSs-MnO@Gr MW can be constructed to realize sensitively photoresponse with high responsivity (over 3000 V W-1 ) from near-IR to mid-IR. The graphene coated dielectric hierarchical micro/nanoplatform with enhanced near-field intensity is scalable and can harness for potential applications including spectroscopy, optoelectronics, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jiao Xia-Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Rong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Xiao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - En-Ming You
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Long Chen
- The Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Song-Yuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Li Chang
- Center for the Physics of Low-Dimensional Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- Center for the Physics of Low-Dimensional Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Martin Moskovits
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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28
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Fan J, Sun Z, Lu Y, Luo W, Ren M, Cai W, Xu J. Topological super-modes engineering with acoustic graphene plasmons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:3698-3707. [PMID: 36785356 DOI: 10.1364/oe.480044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic graphene plasmons (AGPs) in a graphene-dielectric-metal structure possess extreme field localization and low loss, which have promising applications in strong photon-matter interaction and integrated photonic devices. Here, we propose two kinds of one-dimensional crystals supporting propagating AGPs with different topological properties, which is confirmed by the Zak phase calculations and the electric field symmetry analysis. Moreover, by combining these two plasmonic crystals to form a superlattice system, the super-modes exist because of the coupling between isolated topological interface states. A flat-like dispersion of super-modes is observed by designing the superlattice. These results should find applications in optical sensing and integrating photonic devices with plasmonic crystals.
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29
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Wang Y, Luo A, Zhu C, Li Z, Wu X. Ultra-confined Propagating Exciton-Plasmon Polaritons Enabled by Cavity-Free Strong Coupling: Beating Plasmonic Trade-Offs. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:109. [PMID: 36399213 PMCID: PMC9674826 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid coupling systems consisting of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) and plasmonic nanostructures have emerged as a promising platform to explore exciton-plasmon polaritons. However, the requisite cavity/resonator for strong coupling introduces extra complexities and challenges for waveguiding applications. Alternatively, plasmonic nano-waveguides can also be utilized to provide a non-resonant approach for strong coupling, while their utility is limited by the plasmonic confinement-loss and confinement-momentum trade-offs. Here, based on a cavity-free approach, we overcome these constraints by theoretically strong coupling of a monolayer TMD to a single metal nanowire, generating ultra-confined propagating exciton-plasmon polaritons (PEPPs) that beat the plasmonic trade-offs. By leveraging strong-coupling-induced reformations in energy distribution and combining favorable properties of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and excitons, the generated PEPPs feature ultra-deep subwavelength confinement (down to 1-nm level with mode areas ~ 10-4 of λ2), long propagation length (up to ~ 60 µm), tunable dispersion with versatile mode characters (SPP- and exciton-like mode characters), and small momentum mismatch to free-space photons. With the capability to overcome the trade-offs of SPPs and the compatibility for waveguiding applications, our theoretical results suggest an attractive guided-wave platform to manipulate exciton-plasmon interactions at the ultra-deep subwavelength scale, opening new horizons for waveguiding nano-polaritonic components and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aoning Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing and Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing, 314000, People's Republic of China
- Jiaxing Intelligent Optics and Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Wen C, Wang Z, Xu J, Xu W, Liu W, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Qin S. Indefinite Graphene Nanocavities with Ultra-Compressed Mode Volumes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4004. [PMID: 36432290 PMCID: PMC9692570 DOI: 10.3390/nano12224004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Explorations of indefinite nanocavities have attracted surging interest in the past few years as such cavities enable light confinement to exceptionally small dimensions, relying on the hyperbolic dispersion of their consisting medium. Here, we propose and study indefinite graphene nanocavities, which support ultra-compressed mode volumes with confinement factors up to 109. Moreover, the nanocavities we propose manifest anomalous scaling laws of resonances and can be effectively excited from the far field. The indefinite graphene cavities, based on low dimensional materials, present a novel rout to squeeze light down to the nanoscale, rendering a more versatile platform for investigations into ultra-strong light-matter interactions at mid-infrared to terahertz spectral ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchao Wen
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Zongyang Wang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Jipeng Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Shiqiao Qin
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
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31
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In C, Kim UJ, Choi H. Two-dimensional Dirac plasmon-polaritons in graphene, 3D topological insulator and hybrid systems. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:313. [PMID: 36302746 PMCID: PMC9613982 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Collective oscillations of massless particles in two-dimensional (2D) Dirac materials offer an innovative route toward implementing atomically thin devices based on low-energy quasiparticle interactions. Strong confinement of near-field distribution on the 2D surface is essential to demonstrate extraordinary optoelectronic functions, providing means to shape the spectral response at the mid-infrared (IR) wavelength. Although the dynamic polarization from the linear response theory has successfully accounted for a range of experimental observations, a unified perspective was still elusive, connecting the state-of-the-art developments based on the 2D Dirac plasmon-polaritons. Here, we review recent works on graphene and three-dimensional (3D) topological insulator (TI) plasmon-polariton, where the mid-IR and terahertz (THz) radiation experiences prominent confinement into a deep-subwavelength scale in a novel optoelectronic structure. After presenting general light-matter interactions between 2D Dirac plasmon and subwavelength quasiparticle excitations, we introduce various experimental techniques to couple the plasmon-polaritons with electromagnetic radiations. Electrical and optical controls over the plasmonic excitations reveal the hybridized plasmon modes in graphene and 3D TI, demonstrating an intense near-field interaction of 2D Dirac plasmon within the highly-compressed volume. These findings can further be applied to invent optoelectronic bio-molecular sensors, atomically thin photodetectors, and laser-driven light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihun In
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Jeong Kim
- Advanced Sensor Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunyong Choi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Karawdeniya BI, Damry AM, Murugappan K, Manjunath S, Bandara YMNDY, Jackson CJ, Tricoli A, Neshev D. Surface Functionalization and Texturing of Optical Metasurfaces for Sensing Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14990-15030. [PMID: 35536016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces are planar metamaterials that can mediate highly precise light-matter interactions. Because of their unique optical properties, both plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces have found common use in sensing applications, enabling label-free, nondestructive, and miniaturized sensors with ultralow limits of detection. However, because bare metasurfaces inherently lack target specificity, their applications have driven the development of surface modification techniques that provide selectivity. Both chemical functionalization and physical texturing methodologies can modify and enhance metasurface properties by selectively capturing analytes at the surface and altering the transduction of light-matter interactions into optical signals. This review summarizes recent advances in material-specific surface functionalization and texturing as applied to representative optical metasurfaces. We also present an overview of the underlying chemistry driving functionalization and texturing processes, including detailed directions for their broad implementation. Overall, this review provides a concise and centralized guide for the modification of metasurfaces with a focus toward sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddini I Karawdeniya
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Adam M Damry
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Krishnan Murugappan
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Shridhar Manjunath
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Y M Nuwan D Y Bandara
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Colin J Jackson
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Dragomir Neshev
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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33
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Cortés E, Wendisch FJ, Sortino L, Mancini A, Ezendam S, Saris S, de S. Menezes L, Tittl A, Ren H, Maier SA. Optical Metasurfaces for Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15082-15176. [PMID: 35728004 PMCID: PMC9562288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured surfaces with designed optical functionalities, such as metasurfaces, allow efficient harvesting of light at the nanoscale, enhancing light-matter interactions for a wide variety of material combinations. Exploiting light-driven matter excitations in these artificial materials opens up a new dimension in the conversion and management of energy at the nanoscale. In this review, we outline the impact, opportunities, applications, and challenges of optical metasurfaces in converting the energy of incoming photons into frequency-shifted photons, phonons, and energetic charge carriers. A myriad of opportunities await for the utilization of the converted energy. Here we cover the most pertinent aspects from a fundamental nanoscopic viewpoint all the way to applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Cortés
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,
| | - Fedja J. Wendisch
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Sortino
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Ezendam
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Seryio Saris
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Leonardo de S. Menezes
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal de
Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Haoran Ren
- MQ Photonics
Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Macquarie
Park, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,School
of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Department
of Phyiscs, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom,
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34
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Wang P, Krasavin AV, Liu L, Jiang Y, Li Z, Guo X, Tong L, Zayats AV. Molecular Plasmonics with Metamaterials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15031-15081. [PMID: 36194441 PMCID: PMC9562285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular plasmonics, the area which deals with the interactions between surface plasmons and molecules, has received enormous interest in fundamental research and found numerous technological applications. Plasmonic metamaterials, which offer rich opportunities to control the light intensity, field polarization, and local density of electromagnetic states on subwavelength scales, provide a versatile platform to enhance and tune light-molecule interactions. A variety of applications, including spontaneous emission enhancement, optical modulation, optical sensing, and photoactuated nanochemistry, have been reported by exploiting molecular interactions with plasmonic metamaterials. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the developments of molecular plasmonics with metamaterials. After a brief introduction to the optical properties of plasmonic metamaterials and relevant fabrication approaches, we discuss light-molecule interactions in plasmonic metamaterials in both weak and strong coupling regimes. We then highlight the exploitation of molecules in metamaterials for applications ranging from emission control and optical modulation to optical sensing. The role of hot carriers generated in metamaterials for nanochemistry is also discussed. Perspectives on the future development of molecular plasmonics with metamaterials conclude the review. The use of molecules in combination with designer metamaterials provides a rich playground both to actively control metamaterials using molecular interactions and, in turn, to use metamaterials to control molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China.,Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, U.K.,Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing314000, China.,Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing314000, China
| | - Alexey V Krasavin
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Lufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Yunlu Jiang
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing314000, China.,Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing314000, China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China.,Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing314000, China.,Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing314000, China
| | - Limin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Anatoly V Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, U.K
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35
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Arul R, Grys DB, Chikkaraddy R, Mueller NS, Xomalis A, Miele E, Euser TG, Baumberg JJ. Giant mid-IR resonant coupling to molecular vibrations in sub-nm gaps of plasmonic multilayer metafilms. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:281. [PMID: 36151089 PMCID: PMC9508334 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials capable of confining light are desirable for enhancing spectroscopies such as Raman scattering, infrared absorption, and nonlinear optical processes. Plasmonic superlattices have shown the ability to host collective resonances in the mid-infrared, but require stringent fabrication processes to create well-ordered structures. Here, we demonstrate how short-range-ordered Au nanoparticle multilayers on a mirror, self-assembled by a sub-nm molecular spacer, support collective plasmon-polariton resonances in the visible and infrared, continuously tunable beyond 11 µm by simply varying the nanoparticle size and number of layers. The resulting molecule-plasmon system approaches vibrational strong coupling, and displays giant Fano dip strengths, SEIRA enhancement factors ~ 106, light-matter coupling strengths g ~ 100 cm-1, Purcell factors ~ 106, and mode volume compression factors ~ 108. The collective plasmon-polariton mode is highly robust to nanoparticle vacancy disorder and is sustained by the consistent gap size defined by the molecular spacer. Structural disorder efficiently couples light into the gaps between the multilayers and mirror, enabling Raman and infrared sensing of sub-picolitre sample volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Arul
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - David-Benjamin Grys
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Rohit Chikkaraddy
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Niclas S Mueller
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Xomalis
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ermanno Miele
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Tijmen G Euser
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.
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36
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Hu H, Lin X, Liu D, Chen H, Zhang B, Luo Y. Broadband Enhancement of Cherenkov Radiation Using Dispersionless Plasmons. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200538. [PMID: 35863914 PMCID: PMC9475543 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of leading technologies in detecting relativistic particles, Cherenkov radiation plays an essential role in modern high-energy and particle physics. However, the limited photon yield in transparent dielectrics makes efficient Cherenkov radiation only possible with high-energy particles (at least several MeV). This restriction hinders applications of Cherenkov radiation in free-electron light source, bio-imaging, medical therapy, etc. Broadband enhancement of Cherenkov radiation is highly desired for all these applications, but still widely acknowledged as a scientific challenge. To this end, a general approach is reported to enhance the photon yield of Cherenkov radiation using dispersionless plasmons. Broadband dispersionless plasmons can be realized by exploiting either the acoustic nature of terahertz plasmons in a graphene-based heterostructure or the nonlocal property of optical plasmons in a metallodielectric structure. When coupled to moving electrons, such dispersionless plasmons give rise to a radiation enhancement rate more than two orders of magnitude (as compared with conventional Cherenkov radiation) over an ultrabroad frequency band. Moreover, since the phase velocity of dispersionless plasmons can be made as small as the Fermi velocity, giant radiation enhancements can be readily induced by ultralow-energy free electrons (e.g., with a kinetic energy down to 3 eV), without resorting to relativistic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Xiao Lin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum InformationState Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationZJU‐Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation CenterCollege of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
- International Joint Innovation CenterZJU‐UIUC InstituteZhejiang UniversityHaining314400P. R. China
| | - Dongjue Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum InformationState Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationZJU‐Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation CenterCollege of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
- International Joint Innovation CenterZJU‐UIUC InstituteZhejiang UniversityHaining314400P. R. China
| | - Baile Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied PhysicsSchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang LinkSingapore637371Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic TechnologiesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637371Singapore
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
- UMI 3288 CINTRACNRS/NTU/THALESNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang DriveSingapore637553Singapore
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37
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Nong J, Zhao B, Xiao X, Min C, Yuan X, Somekh M, Feng F. Surface‐Enhanced Mid‐IR Gas Sensor Employing Wavelength‐Tunable Bloch Surface Waves. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Nong
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro‐Scale Optical Information Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro‐Scale Optical Information Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro‐Scale Optical Information Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Changjun Min
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro‐Scale Optical Information Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Xiaocong Yuan
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro‐Scale Optical Information Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Michael Somekh
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro‐Scale Optical Information Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
- Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Fu Feng
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro‐Scale Optical Information Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
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Menabde SG, Boroviks S, Ahn J, Heiden JT, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Low T, Hwang DK, Mortensen NA, Jang MS. Near-field probing of image phonon-polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride on gold crystals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn0627. [PMID: 35857499 PMCID: PMC9278849 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Near-field mapping has been widely used to study hyperbolic phonon-polaritons in van der Waals crystals. However, an accurate measurement of the polaritonic loss remains challenging because of the inherent complexity of the near-field signal and the substrate-mediated loss. Here we demonstrate that large-area monocrystalline gold flakes, an atomically flat low-loss substrate for image polaritons, provide a platform for precise near-field measurement of the complex propagation constant of polaritons in van der Waals crystals. As a topical example, we measure propagation loss of the image phonon-polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride, revealing that their normalized propagation length exhibits a parabolic spectral dependency. Furthermore, we show that image phonon-polaritons exhibit up to a twice longer normalized propagation length, while being 2.4 times more compressed compared to the case of the dielectric substrate. We conclude that the monocrystalline gold flakes provide a unique nanophotonic platform for probing and exploitation of the image modes in low-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey G Menabde
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sergejs Boroviks
- Center for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jongtae Ahn
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jacob T Heiden
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tony Low
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Do Kyung Hwang
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - N Asger Mortensen
- Center for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Min Seok Jang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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Monolithic integration of a 10 μm cut-off wavelength InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice diode on GaAs platform. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11616. [PMID: 35804001 PMCID: PMC9270406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
At room temperature, a 10 µm cut-off wavelength coincides with an infrared spectral window and the peak emission of blackbody objects. We report a 10 µm cut-off wavelength InAs/GaSb T2SL p-i-n diode on a GaAs substrate with an intentional interfacial misfit (IMF) array between the GaSb buffer layer and GaAs substrate. Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that the heterostructure on GaSb-on-GaAs is epitaxial, single-crystalline but with a reduced material homogeneity, extended lattice defects and atomic segregation/intermixing in comparison to that on the GaSb substrate. Strain-induced degradation of the material quality is observed by temperature-dependent current-voltage measurements. The T2SL with the IMF array appears as a potentially effective route to mitigate the impact of the lattice mismatch once its fabrication is fully optimized for these systems, but additional strain compensating measures can enable a low cost, scalable manufacturing of focal plane arrays (FPA) for thermal imaging cameras for spectroscopy, dynamic scene projection, thermometry, and remote gas sensing.
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40
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Ren Z, Zhang Z, Wei J, Dong B, Lee C. Wavelength-multiplexed hook nanoantennas for machine learning enabled mid-infrared spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3859. [PMID: 35790752 PMCID: PMC9256719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infrared (IR) plasmonic nanoantennas (PNAs) are powerful tools to identify molecules by the IR fingerprint absorption from plasmon-molecules interaction. However, the sensitivity and bandwidth of PNAs are limited by the small overlap between molecules and sensing hotspots and the sharp plasmonic resonance peaks. In addition to intuitive methods like enhancement of electric field of PNAs and enrichment of molecules on PNAs surfaces, we propose a loss engineering method to optimize damping rate by reducing radiative loss using hook nanoantennas (HNAs). Furthermore, with the spectral multiplexing of the HNAs from gradient dimension, the wavelength-multiplexed HNAs (WMHNAs) serve as ultrasensitive vibrational probes in a continuous ultra-broadband region (wavelengths from 6 μm to 9 μm). Leveraging the multi-dimensional features captured by WMHNA, we develop a machine learning method to extract complementary physical and chemical information from molecules. The proof-of-concept demonstration of molecular recognition from mixed alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol) shows 100% identification accuracy from the microfluidic integrated WMHNAs. Our work brings another degree of freedom to optimize PNAs towards small-volume, real-time, label-free molecular recognition from various species in low concentrations for chemical and biological diagnostics. Infrared spectroscopy with plasmonic nanoantennas is limited by small overlap between molecules and hot spots, and sharp resonance peaks. The authors demonstrate spectral multiplexing of hook nanoantennas with gradient dimensions as ultrasensitive vibrational probes in a continuous ultra-broadband region and utilize machine learning for enhanced sensing performance.
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41
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Wu C, Guo X, Duan Y, Lyu W, Hu H, Hu D, Chen K, Sun Z, Gao T, Yang X, Dai Q. Ultrasensitive Mid-Infrared Biosensing in Aqueous Solutions with Graphene Plasmons. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110525. [PMID: 35460109 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Identifying nanoscale biomolecules in aqueous solutions by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provides an in situ and noninvasive method for exploring the structure, reactions, and transport of biologically active molecules. However, this remains a challenge due to the strong and broad IR absorption of water which overwhelms the respective vibrational fingerprints of the biomolecules. In this work, a tunable IR transparent microfluidic system with graphene plasmons is exploited to identify ≈2 nm-thick proteins in physiological conditions. The acquired in situ tunability makes it possible to eliminate the IR absorption of water outside the graphene plasmonic hotspots by background subtraction. Most importantly, the ultrahigh confinement of graphene plasmons (confined to ≈15 nm) permits the implementation of nanoscale sensitivity. Then, the deuterium effects on monolayer proteins are characterized within an aqueous solution. The tunable graphene-plasmon-enhanced FTIR technology provides a novel platform for studying biological processes in an aqueous solution at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangdong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wei Lyu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hai Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Debo Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ke Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering and QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Teng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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42
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Zhang Z, Lee Y, Haque MF, Leem J, Hsieh EY, Nam S. Plasmonic sensors based on graphene and graphene hybrid materials. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:28. [PMID: 35695997 PMCID: PMC9192873 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a rapid growth of graphene plasmonics and their applications in different fields. Compared with conventional plasmonic materials, graphene enables highly confined plasmons with much longer lifetimes. Moreover, graphene plasmons work in an extended wavelength range, i.e., mid-infrared and terahertz regime, overlapping with the fingerprints of most organic and biomolecules, and have broadened their applications towards plasmonic biological and chemical sensors. In this review, we discuss intrinsic plasmonic properties of graphene and strategies both for tuning graphene plasmons as well as achieving higher performance by integrating graphene with plasmonic nanostructures. Next, we survey applications of graphene and graphene-hybrid materials in biosensors, chemical sensors, optical sensors, and sensors in other fields. Lastly, we conclude this review by providing a brief outlook and challenges of the field. Through this review, we aim to provide an overall picture of graphene plasmonic sensing and to suggest future trends of development of graphene plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yeageun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Md Farhadul Haque
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Juyoung Leem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- TomKat Center for Sustainable Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Ezekiel Y Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - SungWoo Nam
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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43
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Li W, Tian W. Molecular Dynamics Analysis of Graphene Nanoelectromechanical Resonators Based on Vacancy Defects. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101722. [PMID: 35630944 PMCID: PMC9143645 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limitation of graphene processing technology, the prepared graphene inevitably contains various defects. The defects will have a particular influence on the macroscopic characteristics of the graphene. In this paper, the defect-based graphene nanoresonators are studied. In this study, the resonant properties of graphene were investigated via molecular dynamic simulations. The effect of vacancy defects and hole defects at different positions, numbers, and concentrations on the resonance frequency of graphene nanoribbons was studied. The results indicated that single monatomic vacancy has no effect on graphene resonant frequency, and the concentration of the resonant frequency of graphene decreases almost linearly with the increase of single-atom vacancy concentration. When the vacancy concentration is 5%, the resonance frequency is reduced by 12.77% compared to the perfect graphene. Holes on the graphene cause the resonance frequency to decrease. As the circular hole defect is closer to the center of the graphene nanoribbon, not only does its resonant frequency increase, but the tuning range is also expanded accordingly. Under the external force of 10.715 nN, the resonant frequency of graphene reaches 429.57 GHz when the circular hole is located at the center of the graphene nanoribbon, which is 40 GHz lower than that of single vacancy defect graphene. When the circular hole is close to the fixed end of graphene, the resonant frequency is 379.62 GHz, which is 90 GHz lower than that of single vacancy graphene. When the hole defect is at the center of nanoribbon, the frequency tunable range of graphene reaches 120 GHz. The tunable frequency range of graphene is 100.12 GHz when the hole defect is near the fixed ends of the graphene nanoribbon. This work is of great significance for design and performance optimization of graphene-based nanoelectro-mechanical system (NEMS) resonators.
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44
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Miao X, Luk TS, Liu PQ. Liquid-Metal-Based Nanophotonic Structures for High-Performance SEIRA Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107950. [PMID: 34991178 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy can provide label-free, nondestructive detection and identification of analytes with high sensitivity and specificity, and therefore has been widely used for various sensing applications. SEIRA sensors usually employ resonant nanophotonic structures, which can substantially enhance the electric field and hence light-matter interactions by orders of magnitude in certain nanoscale hot spots of the devices. However, as ever, smaller hot spots are employed to further enhance the field, the delivery of analytes into such hot spots becomes increasingly challenging. Here, high-performance nanophotonic SEIRA sensors based on nanopatch antennas with a liquid gallium ground plane are demonstrated, which not only lead to ultrahigh field confinement and enhancement, but also allow for convenient and efficient delivery of analytes into nanometric hot spots by employing a simple procedure suitable for point-of-care applications. The sensors exhibit superior sensitivity in the midinfrared spectral region. Around 10% molecular vibrational signals (i.e., the modulation of a sensor's reflection spectrum owing to the molecular vibrational modes of the analytes) near 2900 cm-1 are achieved from sensing monolayer 1-octadecanethiol. This cost-effective and reliable method for realizing liquid-metal-based nanophotonic structures provides a new strategy for developing high-performance sensors and other photonics applications in the infrared region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Miao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Ting Shan Luk
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87123, USA
| | - Peter Q Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
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45
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Strong in-plane scattering of acoustic graphene plasmons by surface atomic steps. Nat Commun 2022; 13:983. [PMID: 35190535 PMCID: PMC8861092 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic graphene plasmons (AGPs) have ultrastrong field confinement and low loss, which have been applied for quantum effect exploration and ångström-thick material sensing. However, the exploration of in-plane scattering of AGPs is still lacking, although it is essential for the manipulation of ultraconfined optical fields down to atomic level. Here, by using scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM), we show that the mid-infrared AGPs can be strongly scattered by atomic level height steps, even though the step height of the scatterer is four orders of magnitude smaller than the incident free wavelength. This effect can be attributed to larger back scattering of AGPs than that of the traditional graphene plasmons. Besides, the scattering of AGPs by individual scatterers can be controlled via electrical back gating. Our work suggests a feasible way to control confined optical fields with atomic level height nanostructures, which can be used for ultra-compacted strong light–matter interactions. Acoustic graphene plasmons (AGPs) hold promise for nanophotonics and sensing applications. Here, the authors observe enhanced in-plane scattering of mid-infrared AGPs caused by atomic steps on the substrate surface, suggesting potential strategies for controlling their propagation via substrate engineering.
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46
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Zhang HZ, Qin HY, Zhang WX, Huang L, Zhang XD. Moiré graphene nanoribbons: nearly perfect absorptions and highly efficient reflections with wide angles. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:2219-2229. [PMID: 35209367 DOI: 10.1364/oe.445348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The strong absorption and reflection from atomically thin graphene nanoribbons has been demonstrated over the past decade. However, due to the significant band dispersion of graphene nanoribbons, the angle of incident wave has remained limited to a very narrow range. Obtaining strong absorption and reflection with a wide range of incident angles from atomically thin graphene layers has remained an unsolvable problem. Here, we construct a tunable moiré superlattice composed of a pair of graphene nanoribbon arrays to achieve this goal. By designing the interlayer coupling between two graphene nanoribbon arrays with mismatched periods, the moiré flat bands and the localization of their eigen-fields was realized. Based on the moiré flat bands of graphene nanoribbons, highly efficient reflection and nearly perfect absorption was achieved with a wide range of incident angles. Even more interesting, is how these novel phenomena can be tuned through the adjustment of the graphene's Fermi energy, either electrostatically or chemically. Our designed moiré graphene nanoribbons suggest a promising platform to engineer moiré physics with tunable behaviors, and may have potential applications in the field of wide-angle absorbers and reflectors in the mid-infrared region.
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47
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Altug H, Oh SH, Maier SA, Homola J. Advances and applications of nanophotonic biosensors. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:5-16. [PMID: 35046571 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanophotonic devices, which control light in subwavelength volumes and enhance light-matter interactions, have opened up exciting prospects for biosensing. Numerous nanophotonic biosensors have emerged to address the limitations of the current bioanalytical methods in terms of sensitivity, throughput, ease-of-use and miniaturization. In this Review, we provide an overview of the recent developments of label-free nanophotonic biosensors using evanescent-field-based sensing with plasmon resonances in metals and Mie resonances in dielectrics. We highlight the prospects of achieving an improved sensor performance and added functionalities by leveraging nanostructures and on-chip and optoelectronic integration, as well as microfluidics, biochemistry and data science toolkits. We also discuss open challenges in nanophotonic biosensing, such as reducing the overall cost and handling of complex biological samples, and provide an outlook for future opportunities to improve these technologies and thereby increase their impact in terms of improving health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Altug
- Laboratory of Bionanophotonic Systems, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitut Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Jiří Homola
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Kim JM, Lee C, Lee Y, Lee J, Park SJ, Park S, Nam JM. Synthesis, Assembly, Optical Properties, and Sensing Applications of Plasmonic Gap Nanostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006966. [PMID: 34013617 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic gap nanostructures (PGNs) have been extensively investigated mainly because of their strongly enhanced optical responses, which stem from the high intensity of the localized field in the nanogap. The recently developed methods for the preparation of versatile nanogap structures open new avenues for the exploration of unprecedented optical properties and development of sensing applications relying on the amplification of various optical signals. However, the reproducible and controlled preparation of highly uniform plasmonic nanogaps and the prediction, understanding, and control of their optical properties, especially for nanogaps in the nanometer or sub-nanometer range, remain challenging. This is because subtle changes in the nanogap significantly affect the plasmonic response and are of paramount importance to the desired optical performance and further applications. Here, recent advances in the synthesis, assembly, and fabrication strategies, prediction and control of optical properties, and sensing applications of PGNs are discussed, and perspectives toward addressing these challenging issues and the future research directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Myoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Chungyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yeonhee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jinhaeng Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - So-Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Sungho Park
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jwa-Min Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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49
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Wen C, Luo J, Xu W, Zhu Z, Qin S, Zhang J. Enhanced Molecular Infrared Spectroscopy Employing Bilayer Graphene Acoustic Plasmon Resonator. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:431. [PMID: 34821647 PMCID: PMC8615808 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphene plasmon resonators with the ability to support plasmonic resonances in the infrared region make them a promising platform for plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy techniques. Here we propose a resonant graphene plasmonic system for infrared spectroscopy sensing that consists of continuous graphene and graphene ribbons separated by a nanometric gap. Such a bilayer graphene resonator can support acoustic graphene plasmons (AGPs) that provide ultraconfined electromagnetic fields and strong field enhancement inside the nano-gap. This allows us to selectively enhance the infrared absorption of protein molecules and precisely resolve the molecular structural information by sweeping graphene Fermi energy. Compared to the conventional graphene plasmonic sensors, the proposed bilayer AGP sensor provides better sensitivity and improvement of molecular vibrational fingerprints of nanoscale analyte samples. Our work provides a novel avenue for enhanced infrared spectroscopy sensing with ultrasmall volumes of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchao Wen
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (C.W.); (J.L.); (W.X.); (Z.Z.); (S.Q.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (C.W.); (J.L.); (W.X.); (Z.Z.); (S.Q.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (C.W.); (J.L.); (W.X.); (Z.Z.); (S.Q.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (C.W.); (J.L.); (W.X.); (Z.Z.); (S.Q.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Shiqiao Qin
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (C.W.); (J.L.); (W.X.); (Z.Z.); (S.Q.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (C.W.); (J.L.); (W.X.); (Z.Z.); (S.Q.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
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Hong Y, Nicholls DP. On the consistent choice of effective permittivity and conductivity for modeling graphene. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2021; 38:1511-1520. [PMID: 34612981 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.430088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has transformed the fields of plasmonics and photonics, and become an indispensable component for devices operating in the terahertz to mid-infrared range. Here, for instance, graphene surface plasmons can be excited, and their extreme interfacial confinement makes them vastly effective for sensing and detection. The rapid, robust, and accurate numerical simulation of optical devices featuring graphene is of paramount importance and many groups appeal to Black-Box Finite Element solvers. While accurate, these are quite computationally expensive for problems with simplifying geometrical features such as multiple homogeneous layers, which can be recast in terms of interfacial (rather than volumetric) unknowns. In either case, an important modeling consideration is whether to treat the graphene as a material of small (but non-zero) thickness with an effective permittivity, or as a vanishingly thin sheet of current with an effective conductivity. In this contribution we ponder the correct relationship between the effective conductivity and permittivity of graphene, and propose a new relation which is based upon a concrete mathematical calculation that appears to be missing in the literature. We then test our new model both in the case in which the interface deformation is non-trivial, and when there are two layers of graphene with non-flat interfacial deformation.
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