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Zhao J, Fieramosca A, Bao R, Dini K, Su R, Sanvitto D, Xiong Q, Liew TCH. Room temperature polariton spin switches based on Van der Waals superlattices. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7601. [PMID: 39217138 PMCID: PMC11366025 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers possess large exciton binding energy and a robust valley degree of freedom, making them a viable platform for the development of spintronic devices capable of operating at room temperature. The development of such monolayer TMD-based spintronic devices requires strong spin-dependent interactions and effective spin transport. This can be achieved by employing exciton-polaritons. These hybrid light-matter states arising from the strong coupling of excitons and photons allow high-speed in-plane propagation and strong nonlinear interactions. Here, we demonstrate the operation of all-optical polariton spin switches by incorporating a WS2 superlattice into a planar microcavity. We demonstrate spin-anisotropic polariton nonlinear interactions in a WS2 superlattice at room temperature. As a proof-of-concept, we utilize these spin-dependent interactions to implement different spin switch geometries at ambient conditions, which show intrinsic sub-picosecond switching time and small footprint. Our findings offer new perspectives on manipulations of the polarization state in polaritonic systems and highlight the potential of atomically thin semiconductors for the development of next generation information processing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ruiqi Bao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin Dini
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China.
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, P.R. China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.
- Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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2
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Luo Y, Zhao J, Fieramosca A, Guo Q, Kang H, Liu X, Liew TCH, Sanvitto D, An Z, Ghosh S, Wang Z, Xu H, Xiong Q. Strong light-matter coupling in van der Waals materials. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:203. [PMID: 39168973 PMCID: PMC11339464 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials have emerged as a focal point in materials research, drawing increasing attention due to their potential for isolating and synergistically combining diverse atomic layers. Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are one of the most alluring van der Waals materials owing to their exceptional electronic and optical properties. The tightly bound excitons with giant oscillator strength render TMDs an ideal platform to investigate strong light-matter coupling when they are integrated with optical cavities, providing a wide range of possibilities for exploring novel polaritonic physics and devices. In this review, we focused on recent advances in TMD-based strong light-matter coupling. In the foremost position, we discuss the various optical structures strongly coupled to TMD materials, such as Fabry-Perot cavities, photonic crystals, and plasmonic nanocavities. We then present several intriguing properties and relevant device applications of TMD polaritons. In the end, we delineate promising future directions for the study of strong light-matter coupling in van der Waals materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Quanbing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Haifeng Kang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaoze Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- INFN National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Zhiyuan An
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sanjib Ghosh
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China.
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3
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Peng K, Li W, Sun M, Rivero JDH, Ti C, Han X, Ge L, Yang L, Zhang X, Bao W. Topological valley Hall polariton condensation. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01674-6. [PMID: 38789618 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
A photonic topological insulator features robust directional propagation and immunity to defect perturbations of the edge/surface state. Exciton-polaritons, that is, the hybrid quasiparticles of excitons and photons in semiconductor microcavities, have been proposed as a tunable nonlinear platform for emulating topological phenomena. However, mainly due to excitonic material limitations, experimental observations so far have not been able to enter the nonlinear condensation regime or only show localized condensation in one dimension. Here we show a topological propagating edge state with polariton condensation at room temperature and without any external magnetic field. We overcome material limitations by using excitonic CsPbCl3 halide perovskites with a valley Hall lattice design. The polariton lattice features a large bandgap of 18.8 meV and exhibits strong nonlinear polariton condensation with clear long-range spatial coherence across the critical pumping density. The geometric parameters and material composition of our nonlinear many-body photonic system platform can in principle be tailored to study topological phenomena of other interquasiparticle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Meng Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jose D H Rivero
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Staten Island, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
- The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chaoyang Ti
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Xu Han
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Li Ge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Staten Island, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
- The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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4
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De-Eknamkul C, Huang W, Zhang X, Ren Y, Cubukcu E. Transport and Spatial Separation of Valley Coherence via Few Layer WS 2 Exciton-Polaritons. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:1078-1084. [PMID: 38576862 PMCID: PMC10993736 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The optical response in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) is dominated by excitons. The lack of spatial inversion symmetry in the hexagonal lattice within each TMDC layer leads to valley-dependent excitonic emission of photoluminescence. Here, we demonstrate experimentally the spatial separation of valley coherent emission into orthogonal directions through self-resonant exciton polaritons of a free-standing three-layer (3L) WS2 waveguide. This was achieved by patterning a photonic crystal consisting of a square array of holes allowing for the far field probing of valley coherence of engendered exciton-polaritons. Furthermore, we report detailed experimental modal characterization of this coupled system in good agreement with theory. Momentum space measurements reveal a degree of valley coherence in the range 30-60%. This work provides a platform for manipulation of valley excitons in coherent light-matter states for potential implementations of valley-coherent optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawina De-Eknamkul
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Wenzhuo Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, United State
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yundong Ren
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Ertugrul Cubukcu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, United State
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5
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Zhang C, Gao Y, Zhang W, Zhang Z. Spatial Imaging and Control of Dark Excitons in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11424-11429. [PMID: 38009634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Dark excitons play a vital role in exciton condensation and optical properties of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (MTMDs). Previous literature mainly focuses on the detection of the energy of the dark exciton, while spatial detection and control are equally important but are less studied. Here we report that for MTMD embedded in a semiconductor microcavity and under a uniform in-plane magnetic field the spatial distribution of the dark exciton can be probed by measuring that of the cavity photon for small exciton-exciton interaction energy. Further, we propose to realize the anomalous exciton Hall effect by exploiting spatially inhomogeneous coupling of the bright and dark excitons under a Gaussian excitation beam. This effect occurs regardless of the exciton-exciton interaction, which will strengthen the diffusion of excitons in the excitation region. These results provide an improved understanding of the excitons in MTMDs, thereby facilitating their potential practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyi Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Joint Center for Theoretical Physics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yang Gao
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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6
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Kang H, Ma J, Li J, Zhang X, Liu X. Exciton Polaritons in Emergent Two-Dimensional Semiconductors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24449-24467. [PMID: 38051774 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The "marriage" of light (i.e., photon) and matter (i.e., exciton) in semiconductors leads to the formation of hybrid quasiparticles called exciton polaritons with fascinating quantum phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) and photon blockade. The research of exciton polaritons has been evolving into an era with emergent two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors and photonic structures for their tremendous potential to break the current limitations of quantum fundamental study and photonic applications. In this Perspective, the basic concepts of 2D excitons, optical resonators, and the strong coupling regime are introduced. The research progress of exciton polaritons is reviewed, and important discoveries (especially the recent ones of 2D exciton polaritons) are highlighted. Subsequently, the emergent 2D exciton polaritons are discussed in detail, ranging from the realization of the strong coupling regime in various photonic systems to the discoveries of attractive phenomena with interesting physics and extensive applications. Moreover, emerging 2D semiconductors, such as 2D perovskites (2DPK) and 2D antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductors, are surveyed for the manipulation of exciton polaritons with distinct control degrees of freedom (DOFs). Finally, the outlook on the 2D exciton polaritons and their nonlinear interactions is presented with our initial numerical simulations. This Perspective not only aims to provide an in-depth overview of the latest fundamental findings in 2D exciton polaritons but also attempts to serve as a valuable resource to prospect explorations of quantum optics and topological photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Kang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Ma
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, P. R. China
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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7
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Biswas S, Wong J, Pokawanvit S, Yang WCD, Zhang H, Akbari H, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Davydov AV, da Jornada FH, Atwater HA. Edge-Confined Excitons in Monolayer Black Phosphorus. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37861986 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Quantum confinement of two-dimensional excitons in van der Waals materials via electrostatic trapping, lithographic patterning, Moiré potentials, and chemical implantation has enabled significant advances in tailoring light emission from nanostructures. While such approaches rely on complex preparation of materials, natural edges are a ubiquitous feature in layered materials and provide a different approach for investigating quantum-confined excitons. Here, we observe that certain edge sites of monolayer black phosphorus (BP) strongly localize the intrinsic quasi-one-dimensional excitons, yielding sharp spectral lines in photoluminescence, with nearly an order of magnitude line width reduction. Through structural characterization of BP edges using transmission electron microscopy and first-principles GW plus Bethe-Salpeter equation (GW-BSE) calculations of exemplary BP nanoribbons, we find that certain atomic reconstructions can strongly quantum-confine excitons resulting in distinct emission features, mediated by local strain and screening. We observe linearly polarized luminescence emission from edge reconstructions that preserve the mirror symmetry of the parent BP lattice, in agreement with calculations. Furthermore, we demonstrate efficient electrical switching of localized edge excitonic luminescence, whose sites act as excitonic transistors for emission. Localized emission from BP edges motivates exploration of nanoribbons and quantum dots as hosts for tunable narrowband light generation, with future potential to create atomic-like structures for quantum information processing applications as well as exploration of exotic phases that may reside in atomic edge structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Biswas
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Joeson Wong
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Supavit Pokawanvit
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Wei-Chang David Yang
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Huairuo Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Thesis Research, Inc., La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hamidreza Akbari
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute of Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials, Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute of Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-044, Japan
| | - Albert V Davydov
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Felipe H da Jornada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Harry A Atwater
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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8
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Luo Y, Guo Q, Deng X, Ghosh S, Zhang Q, Xu H, Xiong Q. Manipulating nonlinear exciton polaritons in an atomically-thin semiconductor with artificial potential landscapes. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:220. [PMID: 37679312 PMCID: PMC10485014 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Exciton polaritons in atomically thin transition-metal dichalcogenide microcavities provide a versatile platform for advancing optoelectronic devices and studying the interacting Bosonic physics at ambient conditions. Rationally engineering the favorable properties of polaritons is critically required for the rapidly growing research. Here, we demonstrate the manipulation of nonlinear polaritons with the lithographically defined potential landscapes in monolayer WS2 microcavities. The discretization of photoluminescence dispersions and spatially confined patterns indicate the deterministic on-site localization of polaritons by the artificial mesa cavities. Varying the trapping sizes, the polariton-reservoir interaction strength is enhanced by about six times through managing the polariton-exciton spatial overlap. Meanwhile, the coherence of trapped polaritons is significantly improved due to the spectral narrowing and tailored in a picosecond range. Therefore, our work not only offers a convenient approach to manipulating the nonlinearity and coherence of polaritons but also opens up possibilities for exploring many-body phenomena and developing novel polaritonic devices based on 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Quanbing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Xinyi Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Sanjib Ghosh
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China.
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China.
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9
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Zheng L, Dang Z, Ding D, Liu Z, Dai Y, Lu J, Fang Z. Electron-Induced Chirality-Selective Routing of Valley Photons via Metallic Nanostructure. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204908. [PMID: 36877955 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Valleytronics in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides has raised a great impact in nanophotonic information processing and transport as it provides the pseudospin degree of freedom for carrier control. The imbalance of carrier occupation in inequivalent valleys can be achieved by external stimulations such as helical light and electric field. With metasurfaces, it is feasible to separate the valley exciton in real space and momentum space, which is significant for logical nanophotonic circuits. However, the control of valley-separated far-field emission by a single nanostructure is rarely reported, despite the fact that it is crucial for subwavelength research of valley-dependent directional emission. Here, it is demonstrated that the electron beam permits the chirality-selective routing of valley photons in a monolayer WS2 with Au nanostructures. The electron beam can locally excite valley excitons and regulate the coupling between excitons and nanostructures, hence controlling the interference effect of multipolar electric modes in nanostructures. Therefore, the separation degree can be modified by steering the electron beam, exhibiting the capability of subwavelength control of valley separation. This work provides a novel method to create and resolve the variation of valley emission distribution in momentum space, paving the way for the design of future nanophotonic integrated devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Zheng
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Dang
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Ding
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Dai
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jianming Lu
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zheyu Fang
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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10
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Louca C, Genco A, Chiavazzo S, Lyons TP, Randerson S, Trovatello C, Claronino P, Jayaprakash R, Hu X, Howarth J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Dal Conte S, Gorbachev R, Lidzey DG, Cerullo G, Kyriienko O, Tartakovskii AI. Interspecies exciton interactions lead to enhanced nonlinearity of dipolar excitons and polaritons in MoS 2 homobilayers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3818. [PMID: 37369664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear interactions between excitons strongly coupled to light are key for accessing quantum many-body phenomena in polariton systems. Atomically-thin two-dimensional semiconductors provide an attractive platform for strong light-matter coupling owing to many controllable excitonic degrees of freedom. Among these, the recently emerged exciton hybridization opens access to unexplored excitonic species, with a promise of enhanced interactions. Here, we employ hybridized interlayer excitons (hIX) in bilayer MoS2 to achieve highly nonlinear excitonic and polaritonic effects. Such interlayer excitons possess an out-of-plane electric dipole as well as an unusually large oscillator strength allowing observation of dipolar polaritons (dipolaritons) in bilayers in optical microcavities. Compared to excitons and polaritons in MoS2 monolayers, both hIX and dipolaritons exhibit ≈ 8 times higher nonlinearity, which is further strongly enhanced when hIX and intralayer excitons, sharing the same valence band, are excited simultaneously. This provides access to an unusual nonlinear regime which we describe theoretically as a mixed effect of Pauli exclusion and exciton-exciton interactions enabled through charge tunnelling. The presented insight into many-body interactions provides new tools for accessing few-polariton quantum correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Louca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK.
| | - Armando Genco
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milano, 20133, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Chiavazzo
- Department of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Thomas P Lyons
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sam Randerson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - Chiara Trovatello
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, NY, 10027, New York, USA
| | - Peter Claronino
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Hull, Rober Blackburn, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Rahul Jayaprakash
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - Xuerong Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - James Howarth
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Stefano Dal Conte
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Roman Gorbachev
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David G Lidzey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Oleksandr Kyriienko
- Department of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4PY, UK
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11
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Zhang Y, Feng Z, Jiang W. Valley-Hall alternatively changing conductivity in gapped and strained graphene. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1998-2001. [PMID: 37058626 DOI: 10.1364/ol.483236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the alternatively changing (ac) valley-Hall effect in a graphene/h-BN structure under the modulations of a static electric field E0, magnetic field B0, and light field EA1. The proximity to the h-BN film leads to a mass gap and strain-induced pseudopotential for electrons in graphene. Starting from the Boltzmann equation, we derive the ac conductivity tensor σ, including the orbital magnetic moment, Berry curvature, and anisotropic Berry curvature dipole. It is found that under B0 ≠ 0, σ for the two valleys can have different amplitudes and even have the same sign, leading to a net ac Hall conductivity. The ac Hall conductivities and the optical gain can be altered by both the amplitude and the direction of E0. These features can be understood from the changing rate of σ with E0 and B0, which is valley-resolved and varies nonlinearly with the chemical potential.
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12
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Guo X, Lyu W, Chen T, Luo Y, Wu C, Yang B, Sun Z, García de Abajo FJ, Yang X, Dai Q. Polaritons in Van der Waals Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2201856. [PMID: 36121344 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
2D monolayers supporting a wide variety of highly confined plasmons, phonon polaritons, and exciton polaritons can be vertically stacked in van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) with controlled constituent layers, stacking sequence, and even twist angles. vdWHs combine advantages of 2D material polaritons, rich optical structure design, and atomic scale integration, which have greatly extended the performance and functions of polaritons, such as wide frequency range, long lifetime, ultrafast all-optical modulation, and photonic crystals for nanoscale light. Here, the state of the art of 2D material polaritons in vdWHs from the perspective of design principles and potential applications is reviewed. Some fundamental properties of polaritons in vdWHs are initially discussed, followed by recent discoveries of plasmons, phonon polaritons, exciton polaritons, and their hybrid modes in vdWHs. The review concludes with a perspective discussion on potential applications of these polaritons such as nanophotonic integrated circuits, which will benefit from the intersection between nanophotonics and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lyu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tinghan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering and QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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13
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Exciton polariton interactions in Van der Waals superlattices at room temperature. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1512. [PMID: 36932078 PMCID: PMC10023709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials have attracted a great attention because of their unique properties and promising applications in integrated optoelectronic devices. Being layered materials, they can be stacked vertically to fabricate artificial van der Waals lattices, which offer unique opportunities to tailor the electronic and optical properties. The integration of TMD heterostructures in planar microcavities working in strong coupling regime is particularly important to control the light-matter interactions and form robust polaritons, highly sought for room temperature applications. Here, we demonstrate the systematic control of the coupling-strength by embedding multiple WS2 monolayers in a planar microcavity. The vacuum Rabi splitting is enhanced from 36 meV for one monolayer up to 72 meV for the four-monolayer microcavity. In addition, carrying out time-resolved pump-probe experiments at room temperature we demonstrate the nature of polariton interactions which are dominated by phase space filling effects. Furthermore, we also observe the presence of long-living dark excitations in the multiple monolayer superlattices. Our results pave the way for the realization of polaritonic devices based on planar microcavities embedding multiple monolayers and could potentially lead the way for future devices towards the exploitation of interaction-driven phenomena at room temperature.
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14
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Chen Y, Qian S, Wang K, Xing X, Wee A, Loh KP, Wang B, Wu D, Chu J, Alu A, Lu P, Qiu CW. Chirality-dependent unidirectional routing of WS 2 valley photons in a nanocircuit. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:1178-1182. [PMID: 36192494 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Valleytronics is a promising candidate to address low-energy signal transport on chip, leveraging the valley pseudospin of electrons as a new degree of freedom to encode, process and store information1-7. However, valley-carrier nanocircuitry is still elusive, because it essentially requires valley transport that overcomes three simultaneous challenges: high fidelity, high directionality and room-temperature operation. Here we experimentally demonstrate a nanophotonic circuit that can route valley indices of a WS2 monolayer unidirectionally via the chirality of photons. Two propagating modes are supported in the gap area of the circuit and interfere with each other to generate beating patterns, which exhibit complementary profiles for circular dipoles of different handedness. Based on the spin-dependent beating patterns, we showcase valley fidelity of chiral photons up to 98%, and the circulation directionality is measured to be 0.44 ± 0.04 at room temperature. The proposed nanocircuit can not only enable the construction of large-scale valleytronic networks but also serve as an interactive interface to integrate valleytronics3-5, spintronics8-10 and integrated photonics11-13, opening new possibilities for hybrid spin-valley-photon ecosystems at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Shuhang Qian
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiangyuan Xing
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Andrew Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Bing Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiaru Chu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Andrea Alu
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peixiang Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore.
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15
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Zhao J, Fieramosca A, Bao R, Du W, Dini K, Su R, Feng J, Luo Y, Sanvitto D, Liew TCH, Xiong Q. Nonlinear polariton parametric emission in an atomically thin semiconductor based microcavity. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:396-402. [PMID: 35288672 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Parametric nonlinear optical processes are at the heart of nonlinear optics underpinning the central role in the generation of entangled photons as well as the realization of coherent optical sources. Exciton-polaritons are capable to sustain parametric scattering at extremely low threshold, offering a readily accessible platform to study bosonic fluids. Recently, two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted great attention in strong light-matter interactions due to robust excitonic transitions and unique spin-valley degrees of freedom. However, further progress is hindered by the lack of realizations of strong nonlinear effects in TMD polaritons. Here, we demonstrate a realization of nonlinear optical parametric polaritons in a WS2 monolayer microcavity pumped at the inflection point and triggered in the ground state. We observed the formation of a phase-matched idler state and nonlinear amplification that preserves the valley population and survives up to room temperature. Our results open a new door towards the realization of the future for all-optical valley polariton nonlinear devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ruiqi Bao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin Dini
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
- INFN National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lecce, Italy
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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16
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Sedov E, Arakelian S, Kavokin A. Spontaneous symmetry breaking in persistent currents of spinor polaritons. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22382. [PMID: 34789817 PMCID: PMC8599468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We predict the spontaneous symmetry breaking in a spinor Bose–Einstein condensate of exciton-polaritons (polaritons) caused by the coupling of its spin and orbital degrees of freedom. We study a polariton condensate trapped in a ring-shaped effective potential with a broken rotational symmetry. We propose a realistic scheme of generating controllable spinor azimuthal persistent currents of polaritons in the trap under the continuous wave optical pump. We propose a new type of half-quantum circulating states in a spinor system characterized by azimuthal currents in both circular polarizations and a vortex in only one of the polarizations. The spontaneous symmetry breaking in the spinor polariton condensate that consists in the switching from co-winding to opposite-winding currents in opposite spin states is revealed. It is characterized by the change of the average orbital angular momentum of the condensate from zero to non-zero values. The radial displacement of the pump spot and the polarization of the pump act as the control parameters. The considered system exhibits a fundamental similarity to a superconducting flux qubit, which makes it highly promising for applications in quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Sedov
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Vladimir State University Named After A. G. and N. G. Stoletovs, Gorky str. 87, Vladimir, Russia, 600000. .,Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, Ul'anovskaya 1, Peterhof, St. Petersburg, Russia, 198504.
| | - Sergey Arakelian
- Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Vladimir State University Named After A. G. and N. G. Stoletovs, Gorky str. 87, Vladimir, Russia, 600000
| | - Alexey Kavokin
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, Ul'anovskaya 1, Peterhof, St. Petersburg, Russia, 198504.,Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia, 143025
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17
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Król M, Rechcińska K, Sigurdsson H, Oliwa P, Mazur R, Morawiak P, Piecek W, Kula P, Lagoudakis PG, Matuszewski M, Bardyszewski W, Piętka B, Szczytko J. Realizing Optical Persistent Spin Helix and Stern-Gerlach Deflection in an Anisotropic Liquid Crystal Microcavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:190401. [PMID: 34797125 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.190401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spin-orbit interactions which couple the spin of a particle with its momentum degrees of freedom lie at the center of spintronic applications. Of special interest in semiconductor physics are Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling. When equal in strength, the Rashba and Dresselhaus fields result in SU(2) spin rotation symmetry and emergence of the persistent spin helix only investigated for charge carriers in semiconductor quantum wells. Recently, a synthetic Rashba-Dresselhaus Hamiltonian was shown to describe cavity photons confined in a microcavity filled with optically anisotropic liquid crystal. In this Letter, we present a purely optical realization of two types of spin patterns corresponding to the persistent spin helix and the Stern-Gerlach experiment in such a cavity. We show how the symmetry of the Hamiltonian results in spatial oscillations of the spin orientation of photons traveling in the plane of the cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Król
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rechcińska
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Helgi Sigurdsson
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, Moscow 121205, Russia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Przemysław Oliwa
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Mazur
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, PL-00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Morawiak
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, PL-00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Piecek
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, PL-00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, PL-00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pavlos G Lagoudakis
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, Moscow 121205, Russia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michał Matuszewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotników 32/46, PL-02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Bardyszewski
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Piętka
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Szczytko
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Shan H, Lackner L, Han B, Sedov E, Rupprecht C, Knopf H, Eilenberger F, Beierlein J, Kunte N, Esmann M, Yumigeta K, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Klembt S, Höfling S, Kavokin AV, Tongay S, Schneider C, Antón-Solanas C. Spatial coherence of room-temperature monolayer WSe 2 exciton-polaritons in a trap. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6406. [PMID: 34737328 PMCID: PMC8569157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of spatial and temporal coherence of light emitted from solid-state systems is a fundamental phenomenon intrinsically aligned with the control of light-matter coupling. It is canonical for laser oscillation, emerges in the superradiance of collective emitters, and has been investigated in bosonic condensates of thermalized light, as well as exciton-polaritons. Our room temperature experiments show the strong light-matter coupling between microcavity photons and excitons in atomically thin WSe2. We evidence the density-dependent expansion of spatial and temporal coherence of the emitted light from the spatially confined system ground-state, which is accompanied by a threshold-like response of the emitted light intensity. Additionally, valley-physics is manifested in the presence of an external magnetic field, which allows us to manipulate K and K' polaritons via the valley-Zeeman-effect. Our findings validate the potential of atomically thin crystals as versatile components of coherent light-sources, and in valleytronic applications at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyong Shan
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Lukas Lackner
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bo Han
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Evgeny Sedov
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Vladimir State University named after A. G. and N. G. Stoletovs, Gorky str. 87, 600000, Vladimir, Russia
| | - Christoph Rupprecht
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Am Hubland, Germany
| | - Heiko Knopf
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Max Planck School of Photonics, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Falk Eilenberger
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Max Planck School of Photonics, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Beierlein
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Am Hubland, Germany
| | - Nils Kunte
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Esmann
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Kentaro Yumigeta
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Sebastian Klembt
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Am Hubland, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Am Hubland, Germany
| | - Alexey V Kavokin
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, SO171BJ, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287, USA.
| | - Christian Schneider
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
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19
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Kliewer E, Darabi A, Leamy MJ. Additive manufacturing of channeled acoustic topological insulators. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 150:2461. [PMID: 34717518 DOI: 10.1121/10.0006452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose and fabricate an acoustic topological insulator to channel sound along statically reconfigurable pathways. The proposed topological insulator exploits additive manufacturing to create unit cells with complex geometry designed to introduce topological behavior while reducing attenuation. We break spatial symmetry in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice structure composed of a unit cell with two rounded cylindrical chambers by altering the volume of each chamber, and thus, observe the quantum valley Hall effect when the Dirac cone at the K-point lifts to form a topologically protected bandgap. Moderately protected edge states arise at the boundary between two regions with opposite orientations. The resulting propagation of a topologically protected wave along the interface is predicted computationally and validated experimentally. This represents a first step towards creating reconfigurable, airborne topological insulators that can lead to promising applications, such as four-dimensional sound projection, acoustic filtering devices, or multiplexing in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kliewer
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405, USA
| | - Amir Darabi
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405, USA
| | - Michael J Leamy
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405, USA
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20
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Motional narrowing, ballistic transport, and trapping of room-temperature exciton polaritons in an atomically-thin semiconductor. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5366. [PMID: 34508084 PMCID: PMC8433169 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide crystals (TMDCs) hold great promise for semiconductor optoelectronics because their bound electron-hole pairs (excitons) are stable at room temperature and interact strongly with light. When TMDCs are embedded in an optical microcavity, excitons can hybridise with cavity photons to form exciton polaritons, which inherit useful properties from their constituents. The ability to manipulate and trap polaritons on a microchip is critical for applications. Here, we create a non-trivial potential landscape for polaritons in monolayer WS2, and demonstrate their trapping and ballistic propagation across tens of micrometers. We show that the effects of dielectric disorder, which restrict the diffusion of WS2 excitons and broaden their spectral resonance, are dramatically reduced for polaritons, leading to motional narrowing and preserved partial coherence. Linewidth narrowing and coherence are further enhanced in the trap. Our results demonstrate the possibility of long-range dissipationless transport and efficient trapping of TMDC polaritons in ambient conditions.
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21
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Anton-Solanas C, Waldherr M, Klaas M, Suchomel H, Harder TH, Cai H, Sedov E, Klembt S, Kavokin AV, Tongay S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Höfling S, Schneider C. Bosonic condensation of exciton-polaritons in an atomically thin crystal. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1233-1239. [PMID: 33958772 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of two-dimensional crystals has revolutionized modern solid-state physics. From a fundamental point of view, the enhancement of charge carrier correlations has sparked much research activity in the transport and quantum optics communities. One of the most intriguing effects, in this regard, is the bosonic condensation and spontaneous coherence of many-particle complexes. Here we find compelling evidence of bosonic condensation of exciton-polaritons emerging from an atomically thin crystal of MoSe2 embedded in a dielectric microcavity under optical pumping at cryogenic temperatures. The formation of the condensate manifests itself in a sudden increase of luminescence intensity in a threshold-like manner, and a notable spin-polarizability in an externally applied magnetic field. Spatial coherence is mapped out via highly resolved real-space interferometry, revealing a spatially extended condensate. Our device represents a decisive step towards the implementation of coherent light-sources based on atomically thin crystals, as well as non-linear, valleytronic coherent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Anton-Solanas
- Technische Physik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Waldherr
- Technische Physik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Klaas
- Technische Physik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Suchomel
- Technische Physik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tristan H Harder
- Technische Physik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hui Cai
- University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Evgeny Sedov
- School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Vladimir State University named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletovs, Vladimir, Russia
| | - Sebastian Klembt
- Technische Physik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexey V Kavokin
- School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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22
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Liu X, Yi J, Yang S, Lin EC, Zhang YJ, Zhang P, Li JF, Wang Y, Lee YH, Tian ZQ, Zhang X. Nonlinear valley phonon scattering under the strong coupling regime. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1210-1215. [PMID: 33846584 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Research efforts of cavity quantum electrodynamics have focused on the manipulation of matter hybridized with photons under the strong coupling regime1-3. This has led to striking discoveries including polariton condensation2 and single-photon nonlinearity3, where the phonon scattering plays a critical role1-9. However, resolving the phonon scattering remains challenging for its non-radiative complexity. Here we demonstrate nonlinear phonon scattering in monolayer MoS2 that is strongly coupled to a plasmonic cavity mode. By hybridizing excitons and cavity photons, the phonon scattering is equipped with valley degree of freedom and boosted with superlinear enhancement to a stimulated regime, as revealed by Raman spectroscopy and our theoretical model. The valley polarization is drastically enhanced and sustained throughout the stimulated regime, suggesting a coherent scattering process enabled by the strong coupling. Our findings clarify the feasibility of valley-cavity-based systems for lighting, imaging, optical information processing and manipulating quantum correlations in cavity quantum electrodynamics2,3,10-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoze Liu
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yi
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Sui Yang
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Erh-Chen Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yue-Jiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peiyao Zhang
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yi-Hsien Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Faculty of Science and Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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23
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Valley-selective optical Stark effect of exciton-polaritons in a monolayer semiconductor. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4530. [PMID: 34312389 PMCID: PMC8313563 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective breaking of degenerate energy levels is a well-known tool for coherent manipulation of spin states. Though most simply achieved with magnetic fields, polarization-sensitive optical methods provide high-speed alternatives. Exploiting the optical selection rules of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers, the optical Stark effect allows for ultrafast manipulation of valley-coherent excitons. Compared to excitons in these materials, microcavity exciton-polaritons offer a promising alternative for valley manipulation, with longer lifetimes, enhanced valley coherence, and operation across wider temperature ranges. Here, we show valley-selective control of polariton energies in WS2 using the optical Stark effect, extending coherent valley manipulation to the hybrid light-matter regime. Ultrafast pump-probe measurements reveal polariton spectra with strong polarization contrast originating from valley-selective energy shifts. This demonstration of valley degeneracy breaking at picosecond timescales establishes a method for coherent control of valley phenomena in exciton-polaritons. Microcavity exciton-polaritons in atomically thin semiconductors are a promising platform for valley manipulation. Here, the authors show valley-selective control of polariton energies in monolayer WS2 using the optical Stark effect, thereby extending coherent valley manipulation to a hybrid light-matter regime
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24
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Li M, Sinev I, Benimetskiy F, Ivanova T, Khestanova E, Kiriushechkina S, Vakulenko A, Guddala S, Skolnick M, Menon VM, Krizhanovskii D, Alù A, Samusev A, Khanikaev AB. Experimental observation of topological Z 2 exciton-polaritons in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4425. [PMID: 34285222 PMCID: PMC8292485 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise of quantum science and technologies motivates photonics research to seek new platforms with strong light-matter interactions to facilitate quantum behaviors at moderate light intensities. Topological polaritons (TPs) offer an ideal platform in this context, with unique properties stemming from resilient topological states of light strongly coupled with matter. Here we explore polaritonic metasurfaces based on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as a promising platform for topological polaritonics. We show that the strong coupling between topological photonic modes of the metasurface and excitons in TMDs yields a topological polaritonic Z2 phase. We experimentally confirm the emergence of one-way spin-polarized edge TPs in metasurfaces integrating MoSe2 and WSe2. Combined with the valley polarization in TMD monolayers, the proposed system enables an approach to engage the photonic angular momentum and valley and spin of excitons, offering a promising platform for photonic/solid-state interfaces for valleytronics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Li
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY USA ,grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Physics Department, City College of New York, New York, NY USA ,grid.253482.a0000 0001 0170 7903Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY USA
| | - Ivan Sinev
- grid.35915.3b0000 0001 0413 4629Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Fedor Benimetskiy
- grid.35915.3b0000 0001 0413 4629Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana Ivanova
- grid.35915.3b0000 0001 0413 4629Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Khestanova
- grid.35915.3b0000 0001 0413 4629Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Kiriushechkina
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY USA
| | - Anton Vakulenko
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY USA
| | - Sriram Guddala
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY USA ,grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Physics Department, City College of New York, New York, NY USA
| | - Maurice Skolnick
- grid.35915.3b0000 0001 0413 4629Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia ,grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Vinod M. Menon
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Physics Department, City College of New York, New York, NY USA ,grid.253482.a0000 0001 0170 7903Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY USA
| | - Dmitry Krizhanovskii
- grid.35915.3b0000 0001 0413 4629Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia ,grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrea Alù
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY USA ,grid.253482.a0000 0001 0170 7903Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY USA ,grid.212340.60000000122985718Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY USA
| | - Anton Samusev
- grid.35915.3b0000 0001 0413 4629Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander B. Khanikaev
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY USA ,grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Physics Department, City College of New York, New York, NY USA ,grid.253482.a0000 0001 0170 7903Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY USA
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25
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Han C, Wang Y, Zhou W, Liang M, Ye J. Strong anisotropic enhancement of photoluminescence in WS 2 integrated with plasmonic nanowire array. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10080. [PMID: 33980867 PMCID: PMC8115162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have shown great potential for a wide range of applications in photonics and optoelectronics. Nevertheless, valley decoherence severely randomizes its polarization which is important to a light emitter. Plasmonic metasurface with a unique way to manipulate the light-matter interaction may provide an effective and practical solution. Here by integrating TMDCs with plasmonic nanowire arrays, we demonstrate strong anisotropic enhancement of the excitonic emission at different spectral positions. For the indirect bandgap transition in bilayer WS2, multifold enhancement can be achieved with the photoluminescence (PL) polarization either perpendicular or parallel to the long axis of nanowires, which arises from the coupling of WS2 with localized or guided plasmon modes, respectively. Moreover, PL of high linearity is obtained in the direct bandgap transition benefiting from, in addition to the plasmonic enhancement, the directional diffraction scattering of nanowire arrays. Our method with enhanced PL intensity contrasts to the conventional form-birefringence based on the aspect ratio of nanowire arrays where the intensity loss is remarkable. Our results provide a prototypical plasmon-exciton hybrid system for anisotropic enhancement of the PL at the nanoscale, enabling simultaneous control of the intensity, polarization and wavelength toward practical ultrathin photonic devices based on TMDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrui Han
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
- Device Physics of Complex Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Weihu Zhou
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Minpeng Liang
- Device Physics of Complex Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jianting Ye
- Device Physics of Complex Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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26
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Stepanov P, Vashisht A, Klaas M, Lundt N, Tongay S, Blei M, Höfling S, Volz T, Minguzzi A, Renard J, Schneider C, Richard M. Exciton-Exciton Interaction beyond the Hydrogenic Picture in a MoSe_{2} Monolayer in the Strong Light-Matter Coupling Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:167401. [PMID: 33961461 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.167401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In transition metal dichalcogenides' layers of atomic-scale thickness, the electron-hole Coulomb interaction potential is strongly influenced by the sharp discontinuity of the dielectric function across the layer plane. This feature results in peculiar nonhydrogenic excitonic states in which exciton-mediated optical nonlinearities are predicted to be enhanced compared to their hydrogenic counterparts. To demonstrate this enhancement, we perform optical transmission spectroscopy of a MoSe_{2} monolayer placed in the strong coupling regime with the mode of an optical microcavity and analyze the results quantitatively with a nonlinear input-output theory. We find an enhancement of both the exciton-exciton interaction and of the excitonic fermionic saturation with respect to realistic values expected in the hydrogenic picture. Such results demonstrate that unconventional excitons in MoSe_{2} are highly favorable for the implementation of large exciton-mediated optical nonlinearities, potentially working up to room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Stepanov
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Amit Vashisht
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Martin Klaas
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nils Lundt
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Mark Blei
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Volz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Anna Minguzzi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Renard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Maxime Richard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
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27
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Zhao J, Su R, Fieramosca A, Zhao W, Du W, Liu X, Diederichs C, Sanvitto D, Liew TCH, Xiong Q. Ultralow Threshold Polariton Condensate in a Monolayer Semiconductor Microcavity at Room Temperature. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3331-3339. [PMID: 33797259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons, hybrid light-matter bosonic quasiparticles, can condense into a single quantum state, i.e., forming a polariton Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), which represents a crucial step for the development of nanophotonic technology. Recently, atomically thin transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) emerged as promising candidates for novel polaritonic devices. Although the formation of robust valley-polaritons has been realized up to room temperature, the demonstration of polariton lasing remains elusive. Herein, we report for the first time the realization of this important milestone in a TMD microcavity at room temperature. Continuous wave pumped polariton lasing is evidenced by the macroscopic occupation of the ground state, which undergoes a nonlinear increase of the emission along with the emergence of temporal coherence, the presence of an exciton fraction-controlled threshold and the buildup of linear polarization. Our work presents a critically important step toward exploiting nonlinear polariton-polariton interactions, as well as offering a new platform for thresholdless lasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Weijie Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xue Liu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Carole Diederichs
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, Département de physique de l'ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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28
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Li S, Wang H, Wang J, Chen H, Shao L. Control of light-valley interactions in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides with nanophotonic structures. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6357-6372. [PMID: 33885520 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08000d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electronic valley in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) offers a new degree of freedom for information storage and processing. The valley pseudospin can be optically encoded by photons with specific helicity, enabling the construction of electronic information devices with both high performance and low power consumption. Robust detection, manipulation and transport of the valley pseudospins at room temperature are still challenging because of the short lifetime of valley-polarized carriers and excitons. Integrating 2D TMDCs with nanophotonic objects such as plasmonic nanostructures provides a competitive solution to address the challenge. The research in this field is of practical interest and can also present rich physics of light-matter interactions. In this minireview, recent progress on using nanophotonic strategies to enhance the valley polarization degree, especially at room temperature, is highlighted. Open questions, major challenges, and interesting future developments in manipulating the valley information in 2D semiconductors with the help of nanophotonic structures will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China.
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29
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Iff O, Davanco M, Betzold S, Moczała-Dusanowska M, Wurdack M, Emmerling M, Höfling S, Schneider C. Hyperspectral study of the coupling between trions in WSe 2 monolayers to a circular Bragg grating cavity. COMPTES RENDUS. PHYSIQUE 2021; 22:10.5802/crphys.76. [PMID: 37965186 PMCID: PMC10644680 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Circular Bragg gratings compose a very appealing photonic platform and nanophotonic interface for the controlled light-matter coupling of emitters in nanomaterials. Here, we discuss the integration of exfoliated monolayers of WSe2 with GaInP Bragg gratings. We apply hyperspectral imaging to our coupled system, and explore the spatio-spectral characteristics of our coupled monolayer-cavity system. Our work represents a valuable step towards the integration of atomically thin quantum emitters in semiconductor nanophotonic cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Iff
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg-97074, Germany
| | - Marcelo Davanco
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, NIST, Gaithersburg, 100 Bureau Drive, MD 20899,USA
| | - Simon Betzold
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg-97074, Germany
| | - Magdalena Moczała-Dusanowska
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg-97074, Germany
| | - Matthias Wurdack
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Monika Emmerling
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg-97074, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg-97074, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews,St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
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30
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Glazov MM, Golub LE. Skew Scattering and Side Jump Drive Exciton Valley Hall Effect in Two-Dimensional Crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:157403. [PMID: 33095628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.157403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exciton valley Hall effect is the spatial separation of the valley-tagged excitons by a drag force. Usually, the effect is associated with the anomalous velocity acquired by the particles due to the Berry curvature of the Bloch bands. Here we show that the anomalous velocity plays no role in the exciton valley Hall effect, which is governed by the side-jump and skew scattering. We develop a microscopic theory of the exciton valley Hall effect in the presence of a synthetic electric field and phonon drag and calculate all relevant contributions to the valley Hall current also demonstrating the cancellation of the anomalous velocity. The sensitivity of the effect to the origin of the drag force and to the scattering processes is shown. We extend the drift-diffusion model to account for the valley Hall effect and calculate the exciton density and valley polarization profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Glazov
- Ioffe Institute, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - L E Golub
- Ioffe Institute, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Yu H, Yao W. Electrically tunable topological transport of moiré polaritons. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:1555-1562. [PMID: 36738073 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Moiré interlayer exciton in transition metal dichalcogenide heterobilayer features a permanent electric dipole that enables the electrostatic control of its flow, and optical dipole that is spatially varying in the moiré landscape. We show the hybridization of moiré interlayer exciton with photons in a planar 2D cavity leads to two types of moiré polaritons that exhibit distinct forms of topological transport phenomena including the spin/valley Hall and polarization Hall effects, which feature remarkable electrical tunability through the control of exciton-cavity detuning by the interlayer bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Metrology and Sensing & School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China; Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wang Yao
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics at Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Wang J, Li H, Ma Y, Zhao M, Liu W, Wang B, Wu S, Liu X, Shi L, Jiang T, Zi J. Routing valley exciton emission of a WS 2 monolayer via delocalized Bloch modes of in-plane inversion-symmetry-broken photonic crystal slabs. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:148. [PMID: 32884677 PMCID: PMC7442784 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The valleys of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) offer a new degree of freedom for information processing. To take advantage of this valley degree of freedom, on the one hand, it is feasible to control valleys by utilizing different external stimuli, such as optical and electric fields. On the other hand, nanostructures are also used to separate the valleys by near-field coupling. However, for both of the above methods, either the required low-temperature environment or low degree of coherence properties limit their further applications. Here, we demonstrate that all-dielectric photonic crystal (PhC) slabs without in-plane inversion symmetry (C2 symmetry) can separate and route valley exciton emission of a WS2 monolayer at room temperature. Coupling with circularly polarized photonic Bloch modes of such PhC slabs, valley photons emitted by a WS2 monolayer are routed directionally and are efficiently separated in the far field. In addition, far-field emissions are directionally enhanced and have long-distance spatial coherence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonics Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Han Li
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073 Changsha, China
| | - Yating Ma
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073 Changsha, China
| | - Maoxiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonics Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonics Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonics Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Shiwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonics Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonics Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonics Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Jiang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073 Changsha, China
| | - Jian Zi
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonics Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
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Chen Y, Miao S, Wang T, Zhong D, Saxena A, Chow C, Whitehead J, Gerace D, Xu X, Shi SF, Majumdar A. Metasurface Integrated Monolayer Exciton Polariton. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5292-5300. [PMID: 32519865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are the first truly two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor, providing an excellent platform to investigate light-matter interaction in the 2D limit. The inherently strong excitonic response in monolayer TMDs can be further enhanced by exploiting the temporal confinement of light in nanophotonic structures. Here, we demonstrate a 2D exciton-polariton system by strongly coupling atomically thin tungsten diselenide (WSe2) monolayer to a silicon nitride (SiN) metasurface. Via energy-momentum spectroscopy of the WSe2-metasurface system, we observed the characteristic anticrossing of the polariton dispersion both in the reflection and photoluminescence spectrum. A Rabi splitting of 18 meV was observed which matched well with our numerical simulation. Moreover, we showed that the Rabi splitting, the polariton dispersion, and the far-field emission pattern could be tailored with subwavelength-scale engineering of the optical meta-atoms. Our platform thus opens the door for the future development of novel, exotic exciton-polariton devices by advanced meta-optical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Chen
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
| | - Shengnan Miao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Tianmeng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Ding Zhong
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
| | - Abhi Saxena
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
| | - Colin Chow
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
| | - James Whitehead
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
| | - Dario Gerace
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
| | - Su-Fei Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Arka Majumdar
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
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Rupprecht C, Klaas M, Knopf H, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Qin Y, Tongay S, Schröder S, Eilenberger F, Höfling S, Schneider C. Demonstration of a polariton step potential by local variation of light-matter coupling in a van-der-Waals heterostructure. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:18649-18657. [PMID: 32672161 DOI: 10.1364/oe.392821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The large oscillator strength of excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide layers facilitates the formation of exciton-polariton resonances for monolayers and van-der-Waals heterostructures embedded in optical microcavities. Here, we show, that locally changing the number of layers in a WSe2/hBN/WSe2 van-der-Waals heterostructure embedded in a monolithic, high-quality-factor cavity gives rise to a local variation of the coupling strength. This effect yields a polaritonic stair case potential, which we demonstrate at room temperature. Our result paves the way towards engineering local polaritonic potentials at length scales down to atomically sharp interfaces, based on purely modifying its real part contribution via the coherent light-matter coupling strength g.
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Gadelha AC, Cadore AR, Lafeta L, de Paula AM, Malard LM, Lacerda RG, Campos LC. Local photodoping in monolayer MoS 2. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:255701. [PMID: 32150731 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab7de2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inducing electrostatic doping in 2D materials by laser exposure (photodoping effect) is an exciting route to tune optoelectronic phenomena. However, there is a lack of investigation concerning in what respect the action of photodoping in optoelectronic devices is local. Here, we employ scanning photocurrent microscopy (SPCM) techniques to investigate how a permanent photodoping modulates the photocurrent generation in MoS2 transistors locally. We claim that the photodoping fills the electronic states in MoS2 conduction band, preventing the photon-absorption and the photocurrent generation by the MoS2 sheet. Moreover, by comparing the persistent photocurrent (PPC) generation of MoS2 on top of different substrates, we elucidate that the interface between the material used for the gate and the insulator (gate-insulator interface) is essential for the photodoping generation. Our work gives a step forward to the understanding of the photodoping effect in MoS2 transistors and the implementation of such an effect in integrated devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreij C Gadelha
- Departamento de Fisica Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG 31270-901 Brasil
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Rosati R, Perea-Causín R, Brem S, Malic E. Negative effective excitonic diffusion in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:356-363. [PMID: 31825433 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07056g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While exciton relaxation in monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has been intensively studied, spatial exciton diffusion has received only a little attention - in spite of being a key process for optoelectronics and having already shown interesting unconventional behaviours (e.g. spatial halos). Here, we study the spatiotemporal dynamics in TMD monolayers and track optically excited excitons in time, momentum, and space. In particular, we investigate the temperature-dependent exciton diffusion including the remarkable exciton landscape constituted by bright and dark states. Based on a fully quantum mechanical approach, we show at low temperatures an unexpected negative effective diffusion characterized by a shrinking of the spatial exciton distributions. This phenomenon can be traced back to the existence of dark exciton states in TMD monolayers and is a result of an interplay between spatial exciton diffusion and intervalley exciton-phonon scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rosati
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Physics, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Raül Perea-Causín
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Physics, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Samuel Brem
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Physics, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ermin Malic
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Physics, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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