1
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Li Z, Liu K, Li C, Liu Y, Du Y, Li T, Sun Z, Zhao L, Yang J. Active encoding of flexural wave with non-diffractive Talbot effect. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22573. [PMID: 39343825 PMCID: PMC11439909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a flexural Mikaelian lens in thin plate is designed by using conformation transformation. The propagation characteristics of flexural waves in the lens are investigated through rays trajectory equation, simulation analyses, and experimental tests, confirming the self-focusing properties of the Mikaelian lens. Additionally, the study explores the Talbot effect for flexural waves, revealing through simulation studies that the Talbot effect within the Mikaelian lens exhibits nearly diffraction-free properties. Building on the non-diffractive nature of the Talbot effect within the Mikaelian lens, we explore the potential for encoding flexural waves using active interference sources. The simulation and experiment results demonstrate the good performance of the designed active encoding system. This work opens up new avenues for the encoding of flexural waves, presenting promising implications for applications in communication such as structural health monitoring, wireless communication in solid media and data transmission in robotics and other areas related to flexural wave technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, 1 Xinghua Avenue (Band 2), Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Kaiming Liu
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, 1 Xinghua Avenue (Band 2), Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yongquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yanping Du
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, 1 Xinghua Avenue (Band 2), Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Ting Li
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, 1 Xinghua Avenue (Band 2), Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Zhaoyong Sun
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, 1 Xinghua Avenue (Band 2), Beijing, 102600, China.
| | - Liuxian Zhao
- Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Noise and Vibration Research, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 21 North 4th Ring Road, Beijing, 100190, China.
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2
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Ma Z, Tian T, Liao Y, Feng X, Li Y, Cui K, Liu F, Sun H, Zhang W, Huang Y. Electrically switchable 2 N-channel wave-front control for certain functionalities with N cascaded polarization-dependent metasurfaces. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8370. [PMID: 39333169 PMCID: PMC11436973 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Metasurfaces with tunable functionalities are greatly desired for modern optical system and various applications. To increase the operating channels of polarization-multiplexed metasurfaces, we proposed a structure of N cascaded dual-channel metasurfaces to achieve 2N electrically switchable channels without intrinsic loss or cross-talk for certain functionalities, including beam steering, vortex beam generation, lens, etc. As proof of principles, we have implemented a 3-layer setup to achieve 8 channels. In success, we have demonstrated two typical functionalities of vortex beam generation with switchable topological charge of l = -3 ~ +4 or l = -1 ~ -8, and beam steering with the deflection direction switchable in an 8×1 line or a 4×2 grid. We believe that our proposal would provide a practical way to significantly increase the scalability and extend the functionality of polarization-multiplexed metasurfaces. Although this method is not universal, it is potential for the applications of LiDAR, glasses-free 3D display, OAM (de)multiplexing, and varifocal meta-lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Ma
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Liao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongzhuo Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyu Cui
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yidong Huang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Wu Y, Chen J, Wang Y, Yuan Z, Huang C, Sun J, Feng C, Li M, Qiu K, Zhu S, Zhang Z, Li T. Tbps wide-field parallel optical wireless communications based on a metasurface beam splitter. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7744. [PMID: 39232003 PMCID: PMC11374787 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical wireless communication (OWC) stands out as one of the most promising technologies in the sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks. The establishment of high-quality optical links between transmitters and receivers plays a crucial role in OWC performances. Here, by a compact beam splitter composed of a metasurface and a fiber array, we proposed a wide-angle (~120°) OWC optical link scheme that can parallelly support up to 144 communication users. Utilizing high-speed optical module sources and wavelength division multiplexing technique, we demonstrated each user can achieve a communication speed of 200 Gbps which enables the entire system to support ultra-high communication capacity exceeding 28 Tbps. Furthermore, utilizing the metasurface polarization multiplexing, we implemented a full range wide-angle OWC without blind area nor crosstalk among users. Our OWC scheme simultaneously possesses the advantages of high-speed, wide communication area and multi-user parallel communications, paving the way for revolutionary high-performance OWC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Quantum Information Research Center, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Chen
- National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Quantum Information Research Center, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China.
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, 211111, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yin Wang
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, 211111, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongyi Yuan
- National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Quantum Information Research Center, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyu Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Science, School of Physics, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Science, School of Physics, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengyi Feng
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, 211111, Nanjing, China
| | - Muyang Li
- National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Quantum Information Research Center, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Science, School of Physics, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Shining Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Science, School of Physics, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Zaichen Zhang
- National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Quantum Information Research Center, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China.
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, 211111, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tao Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Science, School of Physics, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China.
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4
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Pan G, Xun M, Zhou X, Sun Y, Dong Y, Wu D. Harnessing the capabilities of VCSELs: unlocking the potential for advanced integrated photonic devices and systems. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:229. [PMID: 39227573 PMCID: PMC11372081 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have emerged as a versatile and promising platform for developing advanced integrated photonic devices and systems due to their low power consumption, high modulation bandwidth, small footprint, excellent scalability, and compatibility with monolithic integration. By combining these unique capabilities of VCSELs with the functionalities offered by micro/nano optical structures (e.g. metasurfaces), it enables various versatile energy-efficient integrated photonic devices and systems with compact size, enhanced performance, and improved reliability and functionality. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art versatile integrated photonic devices/systems based on VCSELs, including photonic neural networks, vortex beam emitters, holographic devices, beam deflectors, atomic sensors, and biosensors. By leveraging the capabilities of VCSELs, these integrated photonic devices/systems open up new opportunities in various fields, including artificial intelligence, large-capacity optical communication, imaging, biosensing, and so on. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to provide a detailed understanding of the pivotal role played by VCSELs in integrated photonics and highlight their significance in advancing the field towards efficient, compact, and versatile photonic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzhong Pan
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xun
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Dong
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dexin Wu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Xia M, Chen Y, Zhou J, Wang Y, Huang D, Zhang X. Spin-Locked WS 2 Vortex Emission via Photonic Crystal Bound States in the Continuum. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400214. [PMID: 39054935 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Owing to their strong exciton effects and valley polarization properties, monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (1L TMDs) have unfolded the prospects of spin-polarized light-emitting devices. However, the wavefront control of exciton emission, which is critical to generate structured optical fields, remains elusive. In this work, the experimental demonstration of spin-locked vortex emission from monolayer Tungsten Disulfide (1L WS2) integrated with Silicon Nitride (SiNx) PhC slabs is presented. The symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (BIC) in the SiNx PhC slabs engender azimuthal polarization field distribution in the momentum space with a topological singularity in the center of the Brillouin zone, which imposes the resonantly enhanced WS2 exciton emission with a spin-correlated spiral phase front by taking advantage of the winding topologies of resonances with the assistance of geometric phase scheme. As a result, exciton emission from 1L WS2 exhibits helical wavefront and doughnut-shaped intensity beam profile in the momentum space with topological charges locked to the spins of light. This strategy on spin-dependent excitonic vortex emission may offer the unparalleled capability of valley-polarized structured light generation for 1L TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xia
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yuefeng Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Di Huang
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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6
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Heo H, Rho J. Waveguide-integrated metasurfaces for multi-channel crosstalk-free holography. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:210. [PMID: 39179541 PMCID: PMC11343757 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Limited information capacity and inter-channel crosstalk in metaholograms hinder their practical use in display applications. Leveraging waveguide-based metasurfaces, the integration of spin and angle-of-incidence multiplexing facilitates the generation of broadband six-channel metaholograms free from crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonsu Heo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Li Y, Wu ST. Advancing from scalar to vectorial liquid crystal holography: a paradigm shift. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:207. [PMID: 39179526 PMCID: PMC11343863 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
A versatile and tunable vectorial holography is demonstrated based on single-layer single-material liquid crystal superstructures. This novel approach advances the process from scalar to vectorial holography, opening new opportunities for advanced cryptography, super‑resolution imaging, and many other tunable photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Shin-Tson Wu
- College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
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8
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Ko J, Kim G, Kim I, Hwang SH, Jeon S, Ahn J, Jeong Y, Ha JH, Heo H, Jeong JH, Park I, Rho J. Metasurface-Embedded Contact Lenses for Holographic Light Projection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2407045. [PMID: 39120024 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202407045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Contact lenses have been instrumental in vision correction and are expected to be utilized in augmented reality (AR) displays through the integration of electronic and optical components. In optics, metasurfaces, an array of sub-wavelength nanostructures, have offered optical multifunctionality in an ultra-compact form factor, facilitating integration into various imaging, and display systems. However, transferring metasurfaces onto contact lenses remains challenging due to the non-biocompatible materials of extant imprinting methods and the structural instability caused by the swelling and shrinking of the wetted surface. Here, a biocompatible method is presented to transfer metasurfaces onto contact lenses using hyaluronic acid (HA) as a soft mold and to allow for holographic light projection. A high-efficiency metahologram is obtained with an all-metallic 3D meta-atom enhanced by the anisotropy of a rectangular structure, and a reflective background metal layer. A corrugated metal layer on the HA mold is supported with a SiO2 capping layer, to avoid unwanted wrinkles and to ensure structural stability when transferred to the surface of pliable and wettable contact lenses. Biocompatible method of transferring metasurfaces onto contact lenses promises the integration of diverse optical components, including holograms, lenses, gratings and more, to advance the visual experience for AR displays and human-computer interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoo Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, South Korea
| | - Gyeongtae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hyoung Hwang
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, South Korea
| | - Sohee Jeon
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, South Korea
| | - Junseong Ahn
- Department of Electro-Mechanical Systems Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongrok Jeong
- Radioisotope Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, South Korea
| | - Hyeonsu Heo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Jeong
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, South Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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9
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Yuan Y, Zhang K, Wu Q, Burokur SN, Genevet P. Reaching the efficiency limit of arbitrary polarization transformation with non-orthogonal metasurfaces. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6682. [PMID: 39107269 PMCID: PMC11303807 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Polarization transformation is at the foundation of modern applications in photonics and quantum optics. Notwithstanding their applicative interests, basic theoretical and experimental efforts are still needed to exploit the full potential of polarization optics. Here, we reveal that the coherent superposition of two non-orthogonal eigen-states of Jones matrix can improve drastically the efficiency of arbitrary polarization transformation with respect to classical orthogonal polarization optics. By exploiting metasurface with stacking and twisted configuration, we have implemented a powerful configuration, termed "non-orthogonal metasurfaces", and have experimentally demonstrated arbitrary input-output polarization modulation reaching nearly 100% transmission efficiency in a broadband and angle-insensitive manner. Additionally, we have proposed a routing methodology to project independent phase holograms with quadruplex circular polarization components. Our results outline a powerful paradigm to achieve extremely efficient polarization optics, and polarization multiplexing for communication and information encryption at microwave and optical frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyi Yuan
- Department of Microwave Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Kuang Zhang
- Department of Microwave Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China.
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Microwave Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China
| | | | - Patrice Genevet
- Physics department, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois, St, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
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10
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Kang H, Kim H, Kim K, Rho J. Printable Spin-Multiplexed Metasurfaces for Ultraviolet Holographic Displays. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39096499 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Multiplexed ultraviolet (UV) metaholograms, which are capable of displaying multiple holographic images from a single-layer device, are promising for enhancing tamper resistance and functioning as optical encryption devices. Despite considerable interest in optical security, the commercialization of UV metaholograms encounters obstacles, such as high-resolution patterning and material choices. Here, we realize spin-multiplexed UV metaholograms using a high-throughput printable platform that incorporates a zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) particle-embedded resin (PER). Utilizing ZrO2 PER, which is transparent and exhibits a refractive index of approximately 1.8 at 320 nm, we fabricated a single device capable of encoding dual holographic information depending on polarization states is fabricated. We demonstrate UV metaholograms achieving efficiencies of 56.23% with left circularly polarized incident beams and 57.28% with right circularly polarized incident beams. These multiplexed UV metaholograms fabricated using a one-step platform enable real-world applications in anticounterfeiting and encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungtae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Nanomaterial Institute of National Technology (NINT), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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11
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Park H, Park JJ, Bui PD, Yoon H, Grigoropoulos CP, Lee D, Ko SH. Laser-Based Selective Material Processing for Next-Generation Additive Manufacturing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307586. [PMID: 37740699 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The connection between laser-based material processing and additive manufacturing is quite deeply rooted. In fact, the spark that started the field of additive manufacturing is the idea that two intersecting laser beams can selectively solidify a vat of resin. Ever since, laser has been accompanying the field of additive manufacturing, with its repertoire expanded from processing only photopolymer resin to virtually any material, allowing liberating customizability. As a result, additive manufacturing is expected to take an even more prominent role in the global supply chain in years to come. Herein, an overview of laser-based selective material processing is presented from various aspects: the physics of laser-material interactions, the materials currently used in additive manufacturing processes, the system configurations that enable laser-based additive manufacturing, and various functional applications of next-generation additive manufacturing. Additionally, current challenges and prospects of laser-based additive manufacturing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijae Park
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jung Jae Park
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Phuong-Danh Bui
- Laser and Thermal Engineering Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea
| | - Hyeokjun Yoon
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Costas P Grigoropoulos
- Laser Thermal Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Daeho Lee
- Laser and Thermal Engineering Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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12
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Wang J, Chen J, Yu F, Chen R, Wang J, Zhao Z, Li X, Xing H, Li G, Chen X, Lu W. Unlocking ultra-high holographic information capacity through nonorthogonal polarization multiplexing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6284. [PMID: 39060283 PMCID: PMC11282074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Contemporary studies in polarization multiplexing are hindered by the intrinsic orthogonality constraints of polarization states, which restrict the scope of multiplexing channels and their practical applications. This research transcends these barriers by introducing an innovative nonorthogonal polarization-basis multiplexing approach. Utilizing spatially varied eigen-polarization states within metaatoms, we successfully reconstruct globally nonorthogonal channels that exhibit minimal crosstalk. This method not only facilitates the generation of free-vector holograms, achieving complete degrees-of-freedom in three nonorthogonal channels with ultra-low energy leakage, but it also significantly enhances the dimensions of the Jones matrix, expanding it to a groundbreaking 10 × 10 scale. The fusion of a controllable eigen-polarization engineering mechanism with a vectorial diffraction neural network culminates in the experimental creation of 55 intricate holographic patterns across these expanded channels. This advancement represents a profound shift in the field of polarization multiplexing, unlocking opportunities in advanced holography and quantum encryption, among other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- College of Physics, DongHua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Feilong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Rongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Jiuxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Zengyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Xuenan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Huaizhong Xing
- College of Physics, DongHua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Guanhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China.
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 SubLane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai, 201315, China.
| | - Xiaoshuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 SubLane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 SubLane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai, 201315, China
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13
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Deng L, Cai Z, Liu Y. Functionality Expansion of Guided Mode Radiation via On-Chip Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:9042-9049. [PMID: 39008655 PMCID: PMC11273620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
On-chip metasurfaces play a crucial role in bridging the guided mode and free-space light, enabling full control over the wavefront of scattered free-space light in an optimally compact manner. Recently, researchers have introduced various methods and on-chip metasurfaces to engineer the radiation of guided modes, but the total functions that a single metasurface can achieve are still relatively limited. In this work, we propose a novel on-chip metasurface design that can multiplex up to four distinct functions. We can efficiently control the polarization state, phase, angular momentum, and beam profile of the radiated waves by tailoring the geometry of V-shaped nanoantennas integrated on a slab waveguide. We demonstrate several innovative on-chip metasurfaces for switchable focusing/defocusing and for multifunctional generators of orbital angular momentum beams. Our on-chip metasurface design is expected to advance modern integrated photonics, offering applications in optical data storage, optical interconnection, augmented reality, and virtual reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Deng
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ziqiang Cai
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yongmin Liu
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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14
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Li B, Hu X, Mu Z, Cheng K, Gu M, Fang X. Achromatic CMOS-Integrated Four-Bit Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Detector at Three Wavelengths. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:8679-8686. [PMID: 38949784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The simultaneous detection of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) and wavelength offers new opportunities for optical multiplexing. However, because of the dispersion of lens functions for Fourier transformation, the mode conversions at distinct wavelengths cannot be achieved in the same plane. Here we propose an ultracompact achromatic complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-integrated OAM mode detector. Specifically, a spatial multiplexed scheme, randomly interleaving the phase distributions for distributing the superposed OAM modes into preset positions at distinct wavelengths, is presented. In addition, such a nanoprinted achromatic OAM detector featuring a microscale size and a short focal length can be integrated onto a CMOS chip. Consequently, the four-bit incident light beams at three discrete wavelengths (633, 532, and 488 nm) can be distinguished with a high degree of accuracy evaluated by the average standardized Euclidean distance of ∼0.75 between the analytical and target results. Our results showcase a miniaturized platform for achieving high-capacity information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoli Li
- School of Artificial Intelligence Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiaonan Hu
- School of Artificial Intelligence Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhiwen Mu
- School of Artificial Intelligence Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- School of Artificial Intelligence Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Min Gu
- School of Artificial Intelligence Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xinyuan Fang
- School of Artificial Intelligence Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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15
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Asgari Sabet R, Ishraq A, Saltik A, Bütün M, Tokel O. Laser nanofabrication inside silicon with spatial beam modulation and anisotropic seeding. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5786. [PMID: 39013851 PMCID: PMC11252398 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanofabrication in silicon, arguably the most important material for modern technology, has been limited exclusively to its surface. Existing lithography methods cannot penetrate the wafer surface without altering it, whereas emerging laser-based subsurface or in-chip fabrication remains at greater than 1 μm resolution. In addition, available methods do not allow positioning or modulation with sub-micron precision deep inside the wafer. The fundamental difficulty of breaking these dimensional barriers is two-fold, i.e., complex nonlinear effects inside the wafer and the inherent diffraction limit for laser light. Here, we overcome these challenges by exploiting spatially-modulated laser beams and anisotropic feedback from preformed subsurface structures, to establish controlled nanofabrication capability inside silicon. We demonstrate buried nanostructures of feature sizes down to 100 ± 20 nm, with subwavelength and multi-dimensional control; thereby improving the state-of-the-art by an order-of-magnitude. In order to showcase the emerging capabilities, we fabricate nanophotonics elements deep inside Si, exemplified by nanogratings with record diffraction efficiency and spectral control. The reported advance is an important step towards 3D nanophotonics systems, micro/nanofluidics, and 3D electronic-photonic integrated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Asgari Sabet
- Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aqiq Ishraq
- UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alperen Saltik
- Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bütün
- Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onur Tokel
- Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
- UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
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16
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Wan S, Qu K, Shi Y, Li Z, Wang Z, Dai C, Tang J, Li Z. Multidimensional Encryption by Chip-Integrated Metasurfaces. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18693-18700. [PMID: 38958405 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Facing the challenge of information security in the current era of information technology, optical encryption based on metasurfaces presents a promising solution to this issue. However, most metasurface-based encryption techniques rely on limited decoding keys and struggle to achieve multidimensional complex encryption. It hinders the progress of optical storage capacity and puts encryption security at a disclosing risk. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a multidimensional encryption system based on chip-integrated metasurfaces that successfully incorporates the simultaneous manipulation of three-dimensional optical parameters, including wavelength, direction, and polarization. Hence, up to eight-channel augmented reality (AR) holograms are concealed by near- and far-field fused encryption, which can only be extracted by correctly providing the three-dimensional decoding keys and then vividly exhibit to the authorizer with low crosstalk, high definition, and no zero-order speckle noise. We envision that the miniature chip-integrated metasurface strategy for multidimensional encryption functionalities promises a feasible route toward the encryption capacity and information security enhancement of the anticounterfeiting performance and optically cryptographic storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wan
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kening Qu
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yangyang Shi
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zejing Wang
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chenjie Dai
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiao Tang
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhongyang Li
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
- School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Suzhou Institute of Wuhan University, Suzhou 215123, China
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17
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Zhong S, Zhu Z, Huo Q, Long Y, Gong L, Ma Z, Yu D, Zhang Y, Liang W, Liu W, Wang C, Yuan Z, Yang Y, Lu S, Chen Y, Zheng Z, Chen X. Designed wrinkles for optical encryption and flexible integrated circuit carrier board. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5616. [PMID: 38965253 PMCID: PMC11224375 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Patterns on polymers usually have different mechanical properties as those of the substrates, causing deformation or distortion and even detachment of the patterns from the polymer substrates. Herein, we present a wrinkling strategy, which utilizes photolithography to define the area of stress distribution by light-induced physical crosslinking of polymers and controls diffusion of residual solvent to redistribute the stress and then offers the same material for patterns as substrate by thermal polymerization, providing uniform wrinkles without worrying about force relaxation. The strategy allows the recording and hiding of up to eight switchable images in one place that can be read by the naked eye without crosstalk, applying the wrinkled polymer for optical anti-counterfeiting. The wrinkled polyimide film was also utilized to act as a substrate for the creation of fine copper circuit by a full-additive process. It generates flexible integrated circuit (IC) carrier board with copper wire density of 400% higher than that of the state-of-the-art in industry while fulfilling the standards for industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Jieyang, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qizheng Huo
- Unit 66018 of the People's Liberation Army, Tianjin, China
| | - Yubo Long
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Gong
- Instrumental Analysis Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zetong Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Jieyang, Guangdong, China
| | - Dingshan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weien Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Jieyang, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongke Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhao Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaolin Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhikun Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Jieyang, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xudong Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Jieyang, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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18
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Wang T, Wang Y, Fu Y, Chen Z, Jiang C, Ji Y, Lu Y. Angle-Multiplexed 3D Photonic Superstructures with Multi-Directional Switchable Structural Color for Information Transformation, Storage, and Encryption. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400442. [PMID: 38757669 PMCID: PMC11267312 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Creating photonic crystals that can integrate and switch between multiple structural color images will greatly advance their utility in dynamic information transformation, high-capacity storage, and advanced encryption, but has proven to be highly challenging. Here, it is reported that by programmably integrating newly developed 1D quasi-periodic folding structures into a 3D photonic crystal, the generated photonic superstructure exhibits distinctive optical effects that combine independently manipulatable specular and anisotropic diffuse reflections within a versatile protein-based platform, thus creating different optical channels for structural color imaging. The polymorphic transition of the protein format allows for the facile modulation of both folding patterns and photonic lattices and, therefore, the superstructure's spectral response within each channel. The capacity to manipulate the structural assembly of the superstructure enables the programmable encoding of multiple independent patterns into a single system, which can be decoded by the simple adjustment of lighting directions. The multifunctional utility of the photonic platform is demonstrated in information processing, showcasing its ability to achieve multimode transformation of information codes, multi-code high-capacity storage, and high-level numerical information encryption. The present strategy opens new pathways for achieving multichannel transformable imaging, thereby facilitating the development of emerging information conversion, storage, and encryption media using photonic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresKey Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and ManipulationCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciencesand Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresKey Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and ManipulationCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciencesand Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Yinghao Fu
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresKey Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and ManipulationCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciencesand Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Zhaoxian Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresKey Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and ManipulationCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciencesand Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Chang Jiang
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresKey Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and ManipulationCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciencesand Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Yue‐E Ji
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresKey Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and ManipulationCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciencesand Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Yanqing Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresKey Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and ManipulationCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciencesand Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
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19
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Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Yu H, Zhang Y, Luan H, Gu M. Memory-less scattering imaging with ultrafast convolutional optical neural networks. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn2205. [PMID: 38875337 PMCID: PMC11177939 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The optical memory effect in complex scattering media including turbid tissue and speckle layers has been a critical foundation for macroscopic and microscopic imaging methods. However, image reconstruction from strong scattering media without the optical memory effect has not been achieved. Here, we demonstrate image reconstruction through scattering layers where no optical memory effect exists, by developing a multistage convolutional optical neural network (ONN) integrated with multiple parallel kernels operating at the speed of light. Training this Fourier optics-based, parallel, one-step convolutional ONN with the strong scattering process for direct feature extraction, we achieve memory-less image reconstruction with a field of view enlarged by a factor up to 271. This device is dynamically reconfigurable for ultrafast multitask image reconstruction with a computational power of 1.57 peta-operations per second (POPS). Our achievement establishes an ultrafast and high energy-efficient optical machine learning platform for graphic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Zhang
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Qiming Zhang
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Haoyi Yu
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Haitao Luan
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Min Gu
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai 200093, China
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20
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Liu L, Liu W, Wang F, Peng X, Choi DY, Cheng H, Cai Y, Chen S. Ultra-robust informational metasurfaces based on spatial coherence structures engineering. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:131. [PMID: 38834550 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Optical information transmission is vital in modern optics and photonics due to its concurrent and multi-dimensional nature, leading to tremendous applications such as optical microscopy, holography, and optical sensing. Conventional optical information transmission technologies suffer from bulky optical setup and information loss/crosstalk when meeting scatterers or obstacles in the light path. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally realize the simultaneous manipulation of the coherence lengths and coherence structures of the light beams with the disordered metasurfaces. The ultra-robust optical information transmission and self-reconstruction can be realized by the generated partially coherent beam with modulated coherence structure even 93% of light is recklessly obstructed during light transmission, which brings new light to robust optical information transmission with a single metasurface. Our method provides a generic principle for the generalized coherence manipulation on the photonic platform and displays a variety of functionalities advancing capabilities in optical information transmission such as meta-holography and imaging in disordered and perturbative media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leixin Liu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulation and Applications, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wenwei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Peng
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulation and Applications, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Duk-Yong Choi
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Hua Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yangjian Cai
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulation and Applications, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Shuqi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
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21
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Kim J, Im JH, So S, Choi Y, Kang H, Lim B, Lee M, Kim YK, Rho J. Dynamic Hyperspectral Holography Enabled by Inverse-Designed Metasurfaces with Oblique Helicoidal Cholesterics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311785. [PMID: 38456592 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Metasurfaces are flat arrays of nanostructures that allow exquisite control of phase and amplitude of incident light. Although metasurfaces offer new active element for both fundamental science and applications, the challenge still remains to overcome their low information capacity and passive nature. Here, by integrating an inverse-designed-metasurface with oblique helicoidal cholesteric liquid crystal (ChOH), simultaneous spatial and spectral tunable metasurfaces with a high information capacity for dynamic hyperspectral holography, are demonstrated. The inverse design facilitates a single-phase map encoding of ten independent holographic images at different wavelengths. ChOH provides precise spectral modulation with narrow bandwidth and wide tunable regime in response to programmed stimuli, thus enabling dynamic switching of the multicolor holography. The results provide simple and generalizable principles for the rational design of interactive metasurfaces that will find numerous applications, including security platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyung Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunae So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongseon Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bogyu Lim
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ki Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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22
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Ma Y, Jiang C, Chen S, Mou C, Zhou K, Liu Y. Multi-order orbital angular momentum mode generators based on integrated long-period fiber gratings. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3243-3246. [PMID: 38824374 DOI: 10.1364/ol.520507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
We propose integrated long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) fabricated by a CO2 laser to realize a multi-channel and multi-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode generator. The integrated LPFG is inscribed on multiple surfaces of the few-mode fiber (FMF) by rotating the fiber in the opposite direction at an angle θ. By controlling the rotation angle, the number of integrated LPFGs can be set. The selected rotation angle is 43 ∘, which can integrate up to nine LPFGs, i.e., realizing that the number of channels for first-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode conversion is nine. The integrated LPFGs fabricated in this method allow a flexible design of channel spacing. In addition, the flexible selection of the integrated grating period achieves the simultaneous generation of multi-channel second-order and third-order OAM mode conversion. The multi-channel and multi-order OAM mode generators have important application in optical communication multiplexing systems and OAM sensing.
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23
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Zhang C, Zhao Y, Tan Q. Sidelobe suppression for accelerating beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:18684-18691. [PMID: 38859018 DOI: 10.1364/oe.524891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Although the control of trajectory, amplitude and beam-width in accelerating beams have been extensively investigated, sidelobes manipulation of such beams, which is required in many applications, has been surprisingly under-researched. This paper presents an approach for the generating of accelerating beams with significantly reduced sidelobes. The proposed method encompasses a two-step angular spectrum design, including employing a general model to establish the phase distribution and applying a stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm to optimize the binary amplitude modulation. Experimental results confirm that the sidelobe intensity of accelerating beams can be reduced by over 50% with our method, thereby enhancing their applicability in many fields, such as micro-machining, particle manipulation, and optical communication.
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24
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Wang B, Wei R, Shi H, Bao Y. Dynamic Spatial-Selective Metasurface with Multiple-Beam Interference. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5886-5893. [PMID: 38687301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of the metasurface has provided a versatile platform for the manipulation of light at the nanoscale. Recent research in metasurfaces has explored a plethora of dynamic control and switching of multifunctionalities, paving the way for innovative applications in fields such as imaging, sensing, and communication. However, current dynamic multifunctional metasurfaces face challenges in terms of functional scalability and selective activation. In this work, we introduce and experimentally demonstrate a strategy that utilizes multiple plane waves to create arbitrary periodic patterns on the metasurface, thus enabling the dynamic and arbitrary spatial-selective activation of its embedded multiplexed functionalities. Furthermore, our strategy facilitates dynamic light control through mechanical translation, as demonstrated by a high-speed, dynamically switchable beam deflection scenario. Our method effectively overcomes the limitations associated with traditional spatially multiplexing techniques, offering greater flexibility and selectivity for dynamic control in multifunctional metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyou Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Hongsheng Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yanjun Bao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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25
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Li C, Ren H. Beyond the lab: a nanoimprint metalens array-based augmented reality. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:102. [PMID: 38710676 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A see-through augmented reality prototype has been developed based on an ultrathin nanoimprint metalens array, opening up a full-colour, video-rate, and low-cost 3D near-eye display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Haoran Ren
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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26
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Zhou X, Wang H, Liu S, Wang H, Chan JYE, Pan CF, Zhao D, Yang JKW, Qiu CW. Arbitrary engineering of spatial caustics with 3D-printed metasurfaces. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3719. [PMID: 38698001 PMCID: PMC11065864 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Caustics occur in diverse physical systems, spanning the nano-scale in electron microscopy to astronomical-scale in gravitational lensing. As envelopes of rays, optical caustics result in sharp edges or extended networks. Caustics in structured light, characterized by complex-amplitude distributions, have innovated numerous applications including particle manipulation, high-resolution imaging techniques, and optical communication. However, these applications have encountered limitations due to a major challenge in engineering caustic fields with customizable propagation trajectories and in-plane intensity profiles. Here, we introduce the "compensation phase" via 3D-printed metasurfaces to shape caustic fields with curved trajectories in free space. The in-plane caustic patterns can be preserved or morphed from one structure to another during propagation. Large-scale fabrication of these metasurfaces is enabled by the fast-prototyping and cost-effective two-photon polymerization lithography. Our optical elements with the ultra-thin profile and sub-millimeter extension offer a compact solution to generating caustic structured light for beam shaping, high-resolution microscopy, and light-matter-interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, 487372, Singapore.
| | - Shuxi Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - John You En Chan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Feng Pan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Daomu Zhao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, 487372, Singapore.
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
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27
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Ahmed H, Ansari MA, Paterson L, Li J, Chen X. Metasurface for Engineering Superimposed Ince-Gaussian Beams. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312853. [PMID: 38353164 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Ince-Gaussian beams (IGBs) are the third complete family of exact and orthogonal solutions of the paraxial wave equation and have been applied in many fields ranging from particle trapping to quantum optics. IGBs play a very important role in optics as they represent the exact and continuous transition modes connecting Laguerre-Gaussian and Hermite-Gaussian beams. The method currently in use suffers from the high cost, complexity, and large volume of the optical system. The superposition of IGBs can generate complicated structured beams with multiple phase and polarization singularities. A metasurface approach is proposed to realizing various superpositions of IGBs without relying on a complicated optical setup. By superimposing IGBs with even and odd modes, multiple phase, and polarization singularities are observed in the resultant beams. The phase and polarization singularities are modulated by setting the initial phase in the design and controlling the incident linear polarization. The compactness of the developed metasurface devices and the unique properties of the generated beams have the potential to impact many practical applications such as particle manipulation, orbital angular momentum spectrum manipulation, and optical communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Ahmed
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Muhammad Afnan Ansari
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Lynn Paterson
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Jia Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
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28
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Han J, Meng F, Guan C, Wang C, Jin T, Cai T, Ding C, Burokur SN, Wu Q, Ding X. Complex-Amplitude Programmable Versatile Metasurface Platform Driven by Guided Wave. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309873. [PMID: 38482743 PMCID: PMC11109637 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Metasurfaces have shown unparalleled controllability of electromagnetic (EM) waves. However, most of the metasurfaces need external spatial feeding sources, which renders practical implementation quite challenging. Here, a low-profile programmable metasurface with 0.05λ0 thickness driven by guided waves is proposed to achieve dynamic control of both amplitude and phase simultaneously. The metasurface is fed by a guided wave traveling in a substrate-integrated waveguide, avoiding external spatial sources and complex power divider networks. By manipulating the state of the p-i-n diodes embedded in each meta-atom, the proposed metasurface enables 1-bit amplitude switching between radiating and nonradiating states, as well as a 1-bit phase switching between 0° and 180°. As a proof of concept, two advanced functionalities, namely, low sidelobe-level beam scanning and Airy beam generation, are experimentally demonstrated with a single platform operating in the far- and near-field respectively. Such complex-amplitude, programmable, and low-profile metasurfaces can overcome integration limitations of traditional metasurfaces, and open up new avenues for more accurate and advanced EM wave control within an unprecedented degree of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Qiao Han
- Department of Microwave EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Fan‐Yi Meng
- Department of Microwave EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Guan
- Air and Missile Defense CollegeAir Force Engineering UniversityXi'an710051P. R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Microwave EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Microwave EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Tong Cai
- Air and Missile Defense CollegeAir Force Engineering UniversityXi'an710051P. R. China
| | - Chang Ding
- Air Force Engineering UniversityXi'an710051P. R. China
| | | | - Qun Wu
- Department of Microwave EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Xumin Ding
- Advanced Microscopy and Instrumentation Research CenterHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150080P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesNanjing210096P. R. China
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29
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He G, Zheng Y, Zhou C, Li S, Shi Z, Deng Y, Zhou ZK. Multiplexed manipulation of orbital angular momentum and wavelength in metasurfaces based on arbitrary complex-amplitude control. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:98. [PMID: 38678015 PMCID: PMC11055872 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Due to its unbounded and orthogonal modes, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) is regarded as a key optical degree of freedom (DoF) for future information processing with ultra-high capacity and speed. Although the manipulation of OAM based on metasurfaces has brought about great achievements in various fields, such manipulation currently remains at single-DoF level, which means the multiplexed manipulation of OAM with other optical DoFs is still lacking, greatly hampering the application of OAM beams and advancement of metasurfaces. In order to overcome this challenge, we propose the idea of multiplexed coherent pixel (MCP) for metasurfaces. This approach enables the manipulation of arbitrary complex-amplitude under incident lights of both plane and OAM waves, on the basis of which we have realized the multiplexed DoF control of OAM and wavelength. As a result, the MCP method expands the types of incident lights which can be simultaneously responded by metasurfaces, enriches the information processing capability of metasurfaces, and creates applications of information encryption and OAM demultiplexer. Our findings not only provide means for the design of high-security and high-capacity metasurfaces, but also raise the control and application level of OAM, offering great potential for multifunctional nanophotonic devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yaqin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Changda Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Siyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhonghong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yanhui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhang-Kai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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30
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Wang J, Yang X, Li P, Ma L. Longitudinal evolution of phase vortices generated by rotationally interleaved multi-spiral. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:15433-15443. [PMID: 38859193 DOI: 10.1364/oe.520505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Phase vortices exhibit significant applications and hold promising prospects across various scientific fields. However, while extensive attention has been devoted to the two-dimensional transverse plane of these vortices, their longitudinal properties have received comparatively limited exploration. Our study focuses on the longitudinal evolution of phase vortices, encompassing an investigation of variational topological charges and phase distributions. The investigation employs the rotationally interleaved multi-spiral, characterized by multiple identical spirals arranged in an azimuthally symmetric rotation, to modulate phase distributions by the variable spiral radius versus the azimuthal angle. Initially, we analyze the modulation effect theoretically, delving into propagation properties and vortex formations. Subsequently, through numerical simulations of vortices generated by both single and multi-spiral setups, we examine the longitudinal evolution of topological charges and phase distributions. The analyses reveal a step-wise reductant topological charges and a tortuous increasing spatial variations of phase singularities in transmission direction, with the dependency on both propagation distance and number of multi-spiral. The outcomes hold significant potential applications in optical communications and optical tweezers.
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31
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Ouyang X, Du K, Zeng Y, Song Q, Xiao S. Nanostructure-based orbital angular momentum encryption and multiplexing. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38616650 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00547c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The orthogonality among the OAM modes provides a new degree of freedom for optical multiplexing communications. So far, traditional Dammann gratings and spatial light modulators (SLMs) have been widely used to generate OAM beams by modulating electromagnetic waves at each pixel. However, such architectures suffer from limitations in terms of having a resolution of only a few microns and the bulkiness of the entire optical system. With the rapid development of the electromagnetic theory and advanced nanofabrication methods, artificial nanostructures, especially optical metasurfaces, have been introduced which greatly shrink the size of OAM multiplexing devices while increasing the level of integration. This review focuses on the study of encryption, multiplexing and demultiplexing of OAM beams based on nanostructure platforms. After introducing the focusing characteristics of OAM beams, the interaction mechanism between OAM beams and nanostructures is discussed. The physical phenomena of helical dichroism response and spatial separation of OAM beams achieved through nanostructures, setting the stage for OAM encryption and multiplexing, are reviewed. Afterward, the further advancements and potential applications of nanophotonics-based OAM multiplexing are deliberated. Finally, the challenges of conventional design methods and dynamic tunable techniques for nanostructure-based OAM multiplexing technology are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ouyang
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Kang Du
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Yixuan Zeng
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Qinghai Song
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Shumin Xiao
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
- Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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32
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Jin Z, Ren Q, Chen T, Dai Z, Shu F, Fang B, Hong Z, Shen C, Mei S. Vision transformer empowered physics-driven deep learning for omnidirectional three-dimensional holography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:14394-14404. [PMID: 38859385 DOI: 10.1364/oe.519400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The inter-plane crosstalk and limited axial resolution are two key points that hinder the performance of three-dimensional (3D) holograms. The state-of-the-art methods rely on increasing the orthogonality of the cross-sections of a 3D object at different depths to lower the impact of inter-plane crosstalk. Such strategy either produces unidirectional 3D hologram or induces speckle noise. Recently, learning-based methods provide a new way to solve this problem. However, most related works rely on convolution neural networks and the reconstructed 3D holograms have limited axial resolution and display quality. In this work, we propose a vision transformer (ViT) empowered physics-driven deep neural network which can realize the generation of omnidirectional 3D holograms. Owing to the global attention mechanism of ViT, our 3D CGH has small inter-plane crosstalk and high axial resolution. We believe our work not only promotes high-quality 3D holographic display, but also opens a new avenue for complex inverse design in photonics.
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33
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Wang M, Rong R, Chen J, Xu H, Li K, Li G, Chen S. Spin Unlocked Vortex Beam Generation on Nonlinear Chiroptical Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3654-3660. [PMID: 38498929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Optical vortices with spin and orbital angular momentum (SAM and OAM) states offer multiple degrees of freedom for manipulating optical fields and thus enable great potentials in optical information processing. Recently, the optical metasurface has become an important platform for vortex beam generation and steering. However, the strong spin-orbit interaction on such metasurfaces usually leads to spin locked OAM generation, which limits the complete control of the angular momentum state of light. Here, we propose to solve this constraint using geometric phase controlled nonlinear chiroptical metasurfaces. The metasurface consists of two types of plasmonic meta-atoms which have opposite handedness and exhibit a strong spin-dependent circular dichroism effect. By encoding specific phase singularities and phase gradients to different channels, we experimentally demonstrate the spin unlocked second harmonic beam steering. The proposed nonlinear chiroptical metasurfaces may have important applications in developing multifunctional nonlinear optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Wang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rong Rong
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiafei Chen
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongjie Xu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kingfai Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guixin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shumei Chen
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Integrated Circuits and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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34
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Yu Z, Li H, Zhao W, Huang PS, Lin YT, Yao J, Li W, Zhao Q, Wu PC, Li B, Genevet P, Song Q, Lai P. High-security learning-based optical encryption assisted by disordered metasurface. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2607. [PMID: 38521827 PMCID: PMC10960874 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46946-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence has gained significant attention for exploiting optical scattering for optical encryption. Conventional scattering media are inevitably influenced by instability or perturbations, and hence unsuitable for long-term scenarios. Additionally, the plaintext can be easily compromised due to the single channel within the medium and one-to-one mapping between input and output. To mitigate these issues, a stable spin-multiplexing disordered metasurface (DM) with numerous polarized transmission channels serves as the scattering medium, and a double-secure procedure with superposition of plaintext and security key achieves two-to-one mapping between input and output. In attack analysis, when the ciphertext, security key, and incident polarization are all correct, the plaintext can be decrypted. This system demonstrates excellent decryption efficiency over extended periods in noisy environments. The DM, functioning as an ultra-stable and active speckle generator, coupled with the double-secure approach, creates a highly secure speckle-based cryptosystem with immense potentials for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanhao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wannian Zhao
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Po-Sheng Huang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsung Lin
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jing Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenzhao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Pin Chieh Wu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research & Technology (QFort), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Meta-nanoPhotonics Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bo Li
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou, China
| | - Patrice Genevet
- Physics Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA.
| | - Qinghua Song
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou, China.
| | - Puxiang Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Photonics Research Institute, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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35
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Fang X, Hu X, Li B, Su H, Cheng K, Luan H, Gu M. Orbital angular momentum-mediated machine learning for high-accuracy mode-feature encoding. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:49. [PMID: 38355566 PMCID: PMC11251042 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Machine learning with optical neural networks has featured unique advantages of the information processing including high speed, ultrawide bandwidths and low energy consumption because the optical dimensions (time, space, wavelength, and polarization) could be utilized to increase the degree of freedom. However, due to the lack of the capability to extract the information features in the orbital angular momentum (OAM) domain, the theoretically unlimited OAM states have never been exploited to represent the signal of the input/output nodes in the neural network model. Here, we demonstrate OAM-mediated machine learning with an all-optical convolutional neural network (CNN) based on Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam modes with diverse diffraction losses. The proposed CNN architecture is composed of a trainable OAM mode-dispersion impulse as a convolutional kernel for feature extraction, and deep-learning diffractive layers as a classifier. The resultant OAM mode-dispersion selectivity can be applied in information mode-feature encoding, leading to an accuracy as high as 97.2% for MNIST database through detecting the energy weighting coefficients of the encoded OAM modes, as well as a resistance to eavesdropping in point-to-point free-space transmission. Moreover, through extending the target encoded modes into multiplexed OAM states, we realize all-optical dimension reduction for anomaly detection with an accuracy of 85%. Our work provides a deep insight to the mechanism of machine learning with spatial modes basis, which can be further utilized to improve the performances of various machine-vision tasks by constructing the unsupervised learning-based auto-encoder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Fang
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Xiaonan Hu
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
- Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Baoli Li
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Hang Su
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
- Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
- Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Haitao Luan
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Min Gu
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
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36
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Peng C, Huang T, Chen C, Liu H, Liang X, Li Z, Yu S, Zheng G. Switchable Two-Dimensional AND and Exclusive OR Operation Based on Dual-Wavelength Metasurfaces. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4424-4431. [PMID: 38276787 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Logic operation serves as the foundation and core element of computing networks; it will bring huge vitality to advanced information processing with its adaptation in the optical domain. As fundamental logic operations, AND and exclusive OR (XOR) operations serve a multitude of purposes, such as their ability to cooperate in enabling image processing and interpretation. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a wavelength multiplexed AND and XOR function based on metasurfaces. By combining two cosine gratings with distinct frequencies and an initial phase difference of π/2, we extract the similarities and differences between two input images simultaneously by illuminating them with 445 and 633 nm wavelengths. Additionally, we explore its potential in information encryption, where overall security is enhanced by distributing distinct parts of initial information and encoded keys to different receivers. This design possesses the benefits of convenient mode switching and high-quality imaging, facilitating advanced applications in pattern recognition, machine vision, medical diagnosis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Peng
- Electronic Information School, and School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tian Huang
- Electronic Information School, and School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hongchao Liu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Electronic Information School, and School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zile Li
- Electronic Information School, and School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shaohua Yu
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guoxing Zheng
- Electronic Information School, and School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
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37
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Hu YX, Hao X, Wang D, Zhang ZC, Sun H, Xu XD, Xie X, Shi X, Peng H, Yang HB, Xu L. Light-Responsive Supramolecular Liquid-Crystalline Metallacycle for Orthogonal Multimode Photopatterning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315061. [PMID: 37966368 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of multimode photopatterning systems based on supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) is considerably attractive in supramolecular chemistry and materials science, because SCCs can serve as promising platforms for the incorporation of multiple functional building blocks. Herein, we report a light-responsive liquid-crystalline metallacycle that is constructed by coordination-driven self-assembly. By exploiting its fascinating liquid crystal features, bright emission properties, and facile photocyclization capability, a unique system with spatially-controlled fluorescence-resonance energy transfer (FRET) is built through the introduction of a photochromic spiropyran derivative, which led to the realization of the first example of a liquid-crystalline metallacycle for orthogonal photopatterning in three-modes, namely holography, fluorescence, and photochromism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xingtian Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Dong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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38
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Zang H, Zhang Z, Huang Z, Lu Y, Wang P. High-precision two-dimensional displacement metrology based on matrix metasurface. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk2265. [PMID: 38198541 PMCID: PMC10780938 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A long-range, high-precision, and compact transverse displacement metrology is of crucial importance in both industries and scientific researches. However, it is a great challenge to measure arbitrary two-dimensional (2D) displacement with angstrom-level precision and hundred-micrometer range. Here, we demonstrated a prototype of high-precision 2D-displacement metrology with matrix metasurface. Light passing through the metasurface is diffracted into three beams in horizontal (H), vertical (V), and diagonal (D) linear polarization. 2D transverse displacement of the metasurface relative to the incident light beam is retrieved from the interferential optical powers arisen from coherent superposition between H-polarized and D-polarized beams or V-polarized and D-polarized beams. We experimentally demonstrate that arbitrary displacement in 2D plane can be determined with high precision down to 0.3 nm in a large range of 200 micrometers. Our work broadens the application scope of metasurface and paves the way for development of ultrasensitive optical 2D displacement metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Zang
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zuotang Huang
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yonghua Lu
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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39
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Yang Z, Huang PS, Lin YT, Qin H, Zúñiga-Pérez J, Shi Y, Wang Z, Cheng X, Tang MC, Han S, Kanté B, Li B, Wu PC, Genevet P, Song Q. Creating pairs of exceptional points for arbitrary polarization control: asymmetric vectorial wavefront modulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:232. [PMID: 38177166 PMCID: PMC10766979 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Exceptional points (EPs) can achieve intriguing asymmetric control in non-Hermitian systems due to the degeneracy of eigenstates. Here, we present a general method that extends this specific asymmetric response of EP photonic systems to address any arbitrary fully-polarized light. By rotating the meta-structures at EP, Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase can be exclusively encoded on one of the circular polarization-conversion channels. To address any arbitrary wavefront, we superpose the optical signals originating from two orthogonally polarized -yet degenerate- EP eigenmodes. The construction of such orthogonal EP eigenstates pairs is achieved by applying mirror-symmetry to the nanostructure geometry flipping thereby the EP eigenmode handedness from left to right circular polarization. Non-Hermitian reflective PB metasurfaces designed using such EP superposition enable arbitrary, yet unidirectional, vectorial wavefront shaping devices. Our results open new avenues for topological wave control and illustrate the capabilities of topological photonics to distinctively operate on arbitrary polarization-state with enhanced performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Yang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Po-Sheng Huang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsung Lin
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Haoye Qin
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jesús Zúñiga-Pérez
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560, Valbonne, France
- Majulab, International Research Laboratory IRL 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuzhi Shi
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhanshan Wang
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xinbin Cheng
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Man-Chung Tang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sanyang Han
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Boubacar Kanté
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Pin Chieh Wu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research & Technology (QFort), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Meta-nanoPhotonics Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Patrice Genevet
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560, Valbonne, France.
- Physics Department, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois St., Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Qinghua Song
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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40
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Zou Y, Jin H, Zhu R, Zhang T. Metasurface Holography with Multiplexing and Reconfigurability. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 14:66. [PMID: 38202521 PMCID: PMC10780441 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Metasurface holography offers significant advantages, including a broad field of view, minimal noise, and high imaging quality, making it valuable across various optical domains such as 3D displays, VR, and color displays. However, most passive pure-structured metasurface holographic devices face a limitation: once fabricated, as their functionality remains fixed. In recent developments, the introduction of multiplexed and reconfigurable metasurfaces breaks this limitation. Here, the comprehensive progress in holography from single metasurfaces to multiplexed and reconfigurable metasurfaces is reviewed. First, single metasurface holography is briefly introduced. Second, the latest progress in angular momentum multiplexed metasurface holography, including basic characteristics, design strategies, and diverse applications, is discussed. Next, a detailed overview of wavelength-sensitive, angle-sensitive, and polarization-controlled holograms is considered. The recent progress in reconfigurable metasurface holography based on lumped elements is highlighted. Its instant on-site programmability combined with machine learning provides the possibility of realizing movie-like dynamic holographic displays. Finally, we briefly summarize this rapidly growing area of research, proposing future directions and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zou
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.Z.); (H.J.); (R.Z.)
| | - Hui Jin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.Z.); (H.J.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.Z.); (H.J.); (R.Z.)
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing, Communication and Networking (IPCN), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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41
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Poulton CG, Zeisberger M, Schmidt MA. Coupled waveguide model for computing phase and transmission through nanopillar-based metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:44551-44563. [PMID: 38178523 DOI: 10.1364/oe.506336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Dielectric metasurfaces are important in modern photonics due to their unique beam shaping capabilities. However, the standard tools for the computation of the phase and transmission through a nanopillar-based metasurface are either simple, approximating the properties of the surface by that of a single cylinder, or use full 3D numerical simulations. Here we introduce a new analytical model for computing metasurface properties which explicitly takes into account the effect of the lattice geometry. As an example we investigate silicon nanopillar-based metasurfaces, examining how the transmission properties depend on the presence of different modes in the unit cell of the metasurface array. We find that the new model outperforms the isolated cylinder model in predicting the phase, and gives excellent agreement with full numerical simulations when the fill fraction is moderate. Our model offers a waveguide perspective for comprehending metasurface properties, linking it to fiber optics and serving as a practical tool for future metasurface design.
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42
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Chen C, Xiao X, Ye X, Sun J, Ji J, Yu R, Song W, Zhu S, Li T. Neural network assisted high-spatial-resolution polarimetry with non-interleaved chiral metasurfaces. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:288. [PMID: 38044390 PMCID: PMC10694149 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Polarimetry plays an indispensable role in modern optics. Nevertheless, the current strategies generally suffer from bulky system volume or spatial multiplexing scheme, resulting in limited performances when dealing with inhomogeneous polarizations. Here, we propose a non-interleaved, interferometric method to analyze the polarizations based on a tri-channel chiral metasurface. A deep convolutional neural network is also incorporated to enable fast, robust and accurate polarimetry. Spatially uniform and nonuniform polarizations are both measured through the metasurface experimentally. Distinction between two semblable glasses is also demonstrated. Our strategy features the merits of compactness and high spatial resolution, and would inspire more intriguing design for detecting and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Nanjing University, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingjian Xiao
- Nanjing University, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Nanjing University, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- Nanjing University, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Jitao Ji
- Nanjing University, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongtao Yu
- Nanjing University, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Wange Song
- Nanjing University, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Shining Zhu
- Nanjing University, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Nanjing University, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 210093, Nanjing, China.
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43
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Huang Z, Zheng Y, Li J, Cheng Y, Wang J, Zhou ZK, Chen L. High-Resolution Metalens Imaging Polarimetry. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 38018700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Imaging polarimeters find many critical applications in applications ranging from remote sensing to biological detection. Metasurfaces have been proposed as a compact approach for imaging polarimeters, but prior strategies suffer from low imaging resolution. Here, we propose an interleaved metalens configuration for polarization imaging where three-row metasurface units within a group individually interact with three pairs of orthogonal polarization channels. The optical paths between the object and adjacent three-row metasurfaces are nearly equal, allowing the construction of a metalens polarimeter with an unlimited numerical aperture (NA), which is beneficial for high-resolution polarization imaging. The metalens polarimeter fabricated by crystalline silicon nanostructures has a NA of 0.51 at 632.8 nm and achieves an imaging resolution of up to a 1.2-fold wavelength. Polarimetric microscopy experiments demonstrate that metalens polarimeters can realize high-resolution polarization imaging for various microscopic samples. This study offers a promising solution for high-resolution metasurface polarization imaging, with the potential for widespread applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorui Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhao Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhi Cheng
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang-Kai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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44
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Xiong J, Zhang ZH, Li Z, Zheng P, Li J, Zhang X, Gao Z, Wei Z, Zheng G, Wang SP, Liu HC. Perovskite single-pixel detector for dual-color metasurface imaging recognition in complex environment. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:286. [PMID: 38008796 PMCID: PMC10679139 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient multi-dimensional data storage and extraction are two primary ends for the design and fabrication of emerging optical materials. Although metasurfaces show great potential in information storage due to their modulation for different degrees of freedom of light, a compact and efficient detector for relevant multi-dimensional data retrieval is still a challenge, especially in complex environments. Here, we demonstrate a multi-dimensional image storage and retrieval process by using a dual-color metasurface and a double-layer integrated perovskite single-pixel detector (DIP-SPD). Benefitting from the photoelectric response characteristics of the FAPbBr2.4I0.6 and FAPbI3 films and their stacked structure, our filter-free DIP-SPD can accurately reconstruct different colorful images stored in a metasurface within a single-round measurement, even in complex environments with scattering media or strong background noise. Our work not only provides a compact, filter-free, and noise-robust detector for colorful image extraction in a metasurface, but also paves the way for color imaging application of perovskite-like bandgap tunable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Xiong
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Zile Li
- Electronic Information School, and School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peixia Zheng
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Electronic Information School, and School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zihan Gao
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhipeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Guoxing Zheng
- Electronic Information School, and School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shuang-Peng Wang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.
| | - Hong-Chao Liu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.
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45
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Li C, Wieduwilt T, Wendisch FJ, Márquez A, Menezes LDS, Maier SA, Schmidt MA, Ren H. Metafiber transforming arbitrarily structured light. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7222. [PMID: 37940676 PMCID: PMC10632407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Structured light has proven useful for numerous photonic applications. However, the current use of structured light in optical fiber science and technology is severely limited by mode mixing or by the lack of optical elements that can be integrated onto fiber end-faces for wavefront engineering, and hence generation of structured light is still handled outside the fiber via bulky optics in free space. We report a metafiber platform capable of creating arbitrarily structured light on the hybrid-order Poincaré sphere. Polymeric metasurfaces, with unleashed height degree of freedom and a greatly expanded 3D meta-atom library, were 3D laser nanoprinted and interfaced with polarization-maintaining single-mode fibers. Multiple metasurfaces were interfaced on the fiber end-faces, transforming the fiber output into different structured-light fields, including cylindrical vector beams, circularly polarized vortex beams, and arbitrary vector field. Our work provides a paradigm for advancing optical fiber science and technology towards fiber-integrated light shaping, which may find important applications in fiber communications, fiber lasers and sensors, endoscopic imaging, fiber lithography, and lab-on-fiber technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Li
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Fedja J Wendisch
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrés Márquez
- I.U. Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
- Dpto. de Física, Ing. de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Leonardo de S Menezes
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany.
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Markus A Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- Abbe Center of Photonics and Faculty of Physics, FSU Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- Otto Schott Institute of Material Research, FSU Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Haoran Ren
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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46
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Chen J, Wang D, Si G, Zhang R, Hwang Y, Wang X, Zheng J, Shen M, Wang Q, Lin J. From Volumetric to Planar Multiplexing: Phase-Coded Metasurfaces without the Bragg Effect. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304386. [PMID: 37462401 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces consisting of planar subwavelength structures with minimal thickness are appealing to emerging technologies such as integrated optics and photonic chips for their small footprint and compatibility with sophisticated planar nanofabrication techniques. However, reduced dimensionality due to the 2D nature of a metasurface poses challenges to the adaptation of a few useful methods that have found great success with conventional optics in 3D space. For instance, Bragg diffraction is the foundation of the well-established technique of phase-coded multiplexing in volume holography. It relies on interference among the scattered waves from multiple layers across the thickness of a sample. In this work, despite losing the dimension in thickness, a metasurface is devised to experimentally demonstrate phase-coded multiplexing by replacing free-space light with a surface wave in its output. The in-plane interference along the propagation of the surface wave resembles the Bragg diffraction, thus enabling phase-coded multiplexing in the 2D design. An example of code-based all-optical routing is also achieved by using a multiplexed metasurface, which can find applications in photonic data processing and communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering (National Model Microelectronics College), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Institute of Biointelligence Technology, BGI-Research Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Guangyuan Si
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology (Xiamen University), Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yongsop Hwang
- Laser Physics and Photonics Devices Lab, STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Xinjian Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering (National Model Microelectronics College), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jiaxin Zheng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering (National Model Microelectronics College), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Mengzhe Shen
- Institute of Biointelligence Technology, BGI-Research Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis 08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jiao Lin
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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47
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Xu F, Chen W, Li M, Liu P, Chen Y. Broadband achromatic and wide field-of-view single-layer metalenses in the mid-infrared. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:36439-36450. [PMID: 38017797 DOI: 10.1364/oe.504892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Metalenses are considered a promising solution for miniaturizing numerous optical systems due to their light weight, ultrathin thickness and compact size. However, it remains a challenge for metalenses to achieve both wide field-of-view and broadband achromatic imaging. In this work, a single-layer achromatic metalens with a wide field-of-view of 160° in the 3800 nm-4200 nm band is designed and analyzed. The quadratic phase profile of the metalens and the propagation phase of each meta-atom are used to increase the field-of-view and compensate for chromatic aberration, respectively. In addition, the metalens is capable of transverse achromatic imaging. The design can be extended to other optical frequencies, which is promising for applications in unmanned vehicles, infrared detection, etc.
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48
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Mei F, Qu G, Sha X, Han J, Yu M, Li H, Chen Q, Ji Z, Ni J, Qiu CW, Song Q, Kivshar Y, Xiao S. Cascaded metasurfaces for high-purity vortex generation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6410. [PMID: 37828022 PMCID: PMC10570278 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We introduce a new paradigm for generating high-purity vortex beams with metasurfaces. By applying optical neural networks to a system of cascaded phase-only metasurfaces, we demonstrate the efficient generation of high-quality Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) vortex modes. Our approach is based on two metasurfaces where one metasurface redistributes the intensity profile of light in accord with Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction rules, and then the second metasurface matches the required phases for the vortex beams. Consequently, we generate high-purity LGp,l optical modes with record-high Laguerre polynomial orders p = 10 and l = 200, and with the purity in p, l and relative conversion efficiency as 96.71%, 85.47%, and 70.48%, respectively. Our engineered cascaded metasurfaces suppress greatly the backward reflection with a ratio exceeding -17 dB. Such higher-order optical vortices with multiple orthogonal states can revolutionize next-generation optical information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Mei
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Geyang Qu
- Pengcheng Laboratory, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xinbo Sha
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Jing Han
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Moxin Yu
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Qinmiao Chen
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Ziheng Ji
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Jincheng Ni
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qinghai Song
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
- Pengcheng Laboratory, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT2601, Australia.
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, 266000, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Shumin Xiao
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
- Pengcheng Laboratory, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China.
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49
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Kühner L, Wendisch FJ, Antonov AA, Bürger J, Hüttenhofer L, de S Menezes L, Maier SA, Gorkunov MV, Kivshar Y, Tittl A. Unlocking the out-of-plane dimension for photonic bound states in the continuum to achieve maximum optical chirality. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:250. [PMID: 37828041 PMCID: PMC10570380 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The realization of lossless metasurfaces with true chirality crucially requires the fabrication of three-dimensional structures, constraining experimental feasibility and hampering practical implementations. Even though the three-dimensional assembly of metallic nanostructures has been demonstrated previously, the resulting plasmonic resonances suffer from high intrinsic and radiative losses. The concept of photonic bound states in the continuum (BICs) is instrumental for tailoring radiative losses in diverse geometries, especially when implemented using lossless dielectrics, but applications have so far been limited to planar structures. Here, we introduce a novel nanofabrication approach to unlock the height of individual resonators within all-dielectric metasurfaces as an accessible parameter for the efficient control of resonance features and nanophotonic functionalities. In particular, we realize out-of-plane symmetry breaking in quasi-BIC metasurfaces and leverage this design degree of freedom to demonstrate an optical all-dielectric quasi-BIC metasurface with maximum intrinsic chirality that responds selectively to light of a particular circular polarization depending on the structural handedness. Our experimental results not only open a new paradigm for all-dielectric BICs and chiral nanophotonics, but also promise advances in the realization of efficient generation of optical angular momentum, holographic metasurfaces, and parity-time symmetry-broken optical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucca Kühner
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Fedja J Wendisch
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Alexander A Antonov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia
| | - Johannes Bürger
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Ludwig Hüttenhofer
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Leonardo de S Menezes
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Maxim V Gorkunov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany.
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50
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Dong Y, Pan G, Xun M, Su H, Chen L, Sun Y, Luan H, Fang X, Wu D, Gu M. Nanoprinted Diffractive Layer Integrated Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Vortex Lasers with Scalable Topological Charge. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9096-9104. [PMID: 37748028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) represent an attractive light source to integrate with OAM structures to realize chip-scale vortex lasers. Although pioneering endeavors of VCSEL-based vortex lasers have been reported, they cannot achieve large topological charges (less than l = 5) due to the insufficient space-bandwidth product (SBP) caused by the inherent limited device size. Here, by integrating a nanoprinted OAM phase structure on the VCSELs, we demonstrate a vortex microlaser with a low threshold and simple structure. A monolithic microlaser array with addressable control of vortex beams with different topological charges (l = 1 to l = 5) was achieved. Nanoprinting offers high degrees of freedom for the manipulation of spatial structures. To address the challenge of insufficient SBP, two-layer cascaded spiral phase plates were designed. Thereby, a vortex beam with l = 15 and mode purity of 83.7% was obtained. Our work paves the way for future chip-scale OAM-based information multiplexing with more channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Dong
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093 People's Republic of China
| | - Guanzhong Pan
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Xun
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Su
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093 People's Republic of China
- Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093 People's Republic of China
| | - Long Chen
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093 People's Republic of China
- Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093 People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Sun
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Luan
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Fang
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093 People's Republic of China
| | - Dexin Wu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gu
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093 People's Republic of China
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