1
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Koller U, Bauer JW. Emerging DNA & RNA editing strategies for the treatment of epidermolysis bullosa. J DERMATOL TREAT 2024; 35:2391452. [PMID: 39155053 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2024.2391452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Background: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a clinically-heterogeneous genodermatosis with severe manifestations in the skin and other organs. The significant burden this condition places on patients justifies the development of gene therapeutic strategies targeting the genetic cause of the disease. Methods: Emerging RNA and DNA editing tools have shown remarkable advances in efficiency and safety. Applicable both in ex vivo- and in vivo settings, these gene therapeutics based on gene replacement or editing are either at the pre-clinical or clinical stage. Results: The recent landmark FDA approvals for gene editing based on CRISPR/Cas9, along with the first FDA-approved redosable in vivo gene replacement therapy for EB, will invigorate ongoing research efforts, increasing the likelihood of achieving local cure via CRISPR-based technologies in the near future. Conclusions: This review discusses the status quo of current gene therapeutics that act at the level of RNA or DNA, all with the common aim of improving the quality of life for EB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Koller
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johann W Bauer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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2
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Wang T, Yu T, Liu Q, Sung TC, Higuchi A. Lipid nanoparticle technology-mediated therapeutic gene manipulation in the eyes. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102236. [PMID: 39005878 PMCID: PMC11245926 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide have hereditary genetic disorders, trauma, infectious diseases, or cancer of the eyes, and many of these eye diseases lead to irreversible blindness, which is a major public health burden. The eye is a relatively small and immune-privileged organ. The use of nucleic acid-based drugs to manipulate malfunctioning genes that target the root of ocular diseases is regarded as a therapeutic approach with great promise. However, there are still some challenges for utilizing nucleic acid therapeutics in vivo because of certain unfavorable characteristics, such as instability, biological carrier-dependent cellular uptake, short pharmacokinetic profiles in vivo (RNA), and on-target and off-target side effects (DNA). The development of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as gene vehicles is revolutionary progress that has contributed the clinical application of nucleic acid therapeutics. LNPs have the capability to entrap and transport various genetic materials such as small interfering RNA, mRNA, DNA, and gene editing complexes. This opens up avenues for addressing ocular diseases through the suppression of pathogenic genes, the expression of therapeutic proteins, or the correction of genetic defects. Here, we delve into the cutting-edge LNP technology for ocular gene therapy, encompassing formulation designs, preclinical development, and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Tao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Tzu-Cheng Sung
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Akon Higuchi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD, Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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3
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Aayush A, Darji S, Estes KM, Yeh E, Thompson DH. Development of an Elastin-like Polypeptide-Based Nucleic Acid Delivery System Targeted to EGFR+ Bladder Cancer Cells Using a Layer-by-Layer Approach. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:5729-5744. [PMID: 39185801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid (NA)-based therapies are revolutionizing biomedical research through their ability to control cellular functions at the genetic level. This work demonstrates a versatile elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) carrier system using a layer-by-layer (LbL) formulation approach that delivers NA cargos ranging in size from siRNA to plasmids. The components of the system can be reconfigured to modulate the biochemical and biophysical characteristics of the carrier for engaging the unique features of the biological target. We show the physical characterization and biological performance of LbL ELP nucleic acid nanoparticles (LENNs) in murine and human bladder tumor cell lines. Targeting bladder tumors is difficult owing to the constant influx of urine into the bladder, leading to low contact times (typically <2 h) for therapeutic agents delivered via intravesical instillation. LENN complexes bind to bladder tumor cells within 30 min and become rapidly internalized to release their NA cargo within 60 min. Our data show that a readily adaptable NA-delivery system has been created that is flexible in its targeting ability, cargo size, and disassembly kinetics. This approach provides an alternative path to either lipid nanoparticle formulations that suffer from inefficiency and physicochemical instability or viral vectors that are plagued by manufacturing and immune rejection challenges. This agile ELP-based nanocarrier provides an alternative route for nucleic acid delivery using a biomanufacturable, biodegradable, biocompatible, and highly tunable vehicle capable of targeting cells via engagement with overexpressed cell surface receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayush Aayush
- Department of Chemistry & Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Saloni Darji
- Department of Chemistry & Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kiera M Estes
- Department of Chemistry & Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Emily Yeh
- Department of Chemistry & Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - David H Thompson
- Department of Chemistry & Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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4
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Rahman M, Marzullo BP, Lam PY, Barrow MP, Holman SW, Ray AD, O'Connor PB. Unveiling the intricacy of gapmer oligonucleotides through advanced tandem mass spectrometry approaches and scan accumulation for 2DMS. Analyst 2024; 149:4687-4701. [PMID: 39101388 PMCID: PMC11382339 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00484a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are crucial for biological applications as they bind to complementary RNA sequences, modulating protein expression. ASOs undergo synthetic modifications like phosphorothioate (PS) backbone and locked nucleic acid (LNA) to enhance stability and specificity. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS) techniques were employed to study gapmer ASOs, which feature a DNA chain within RNA segments at both termini, revealing enhanced cleavages with ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) and complementary fragment ions from collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron detachment dissociation (EDD). 2DMS, a data-independent analysis technique, allowed for comprehensive coverage and identification of shared fragments across multiple precursor ions. EDD fragmentation efficiency correlated with precursor ion charge states, with higher charges facilitating dissociation due to intramolecular repulsions. An electron energy of 22.8 eV enabled electron capture and radical-based cleavage. Accumulating multiple scans and generating average spectra improved signal intensity, aided by denoising algorithms. Data analysis utilised a custom Python script capable of handling modifications and generating unique mass lists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Bryan P Marzullo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Pui Yiu Lam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Mark P Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Stephen W Holman
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, AstraZeneca, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Andrew D Ray
- New Modalities & Parental Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Peter B O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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5
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Wang T, Yu T, Li W, Liu Q, Sung TC, Higuchi A. Design and lyophilization of mRNA-encapsulating lipid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2024; 662:124514. [PMID: 39067550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The remarkable success of two FDA-approved mRNA-encapsulating vaccines (Comirnaty® and Spikevax®) indicated the importance of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) delivery systems in clinical use. Currently, mRNA-encapsulating LNPs (mRNA-LNPs) vaccines are stored as frozen liquid at low or ultralow temperatures. We designed lyophilized LNPs utilizing FDA-approved lipids to expedite the clinical application of our developed lyophilized mRNA-LNPs in the future. The key parameters of sucrose concentration and the selection and molar ratio of the four lipids in these vaccines were optimized for long-term stability with high transfection efficiency after lyophilization. We demonstrated that 8.7% sucrose is the optimal cryoprotectant concentration to maintain the transfection efficiency of lyophilized mRNA-LNPs. Optimal lipid formulations with high transfection efficiency both before and after lyophilization were screened using an orthogonal experimental design. The ratios of distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC)/cholesterol and the selection of the ionizable and PEGylated lipids are the main factors influencing the long-term stability of mRNA-LNPs. Comparative mouse transfection experiments showed that the optimal lyophilized mRNA-LNPs maintained high mRNA expression after lyophilization, predominantly in the spleen or liver, with no expression in the kidneys or eyes. Our studies demonstrated the importance of the sucrose concentration and of the selection and molar ratio of the four lipids composing LNPs for maintaining mRNA-LNP stability under lyophilization and for long-term storage under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Tao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Wanqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Tzu-Cheng Sung
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Akon Higuchi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
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6
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Yu F, Li X, Sheng C, Li L. DNA Nanotechnology Targeting Mitochondria: From Subcellular Molecular Imaging to Tailor-Made Therapeutics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202409351. [PMID: 38872505 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, one of the most important organelles, represent a crucial subcellular target for fundamental research and biomedical applications. Despite significant advances in the design of DNA nanotechnologies for a variety of bio-applications, the dearth of strategies that enable mitochondria targeting for subcellular molecular imaging and therapy remains an outstanding challenge in this field. In this Minireview, we summarize the recent progresses on the emerging design and application of DNA nanotechnology for mitochondria-targeted molecular imaging and tumor treatment. We first highlight the engineering of mitochondria-localized DNA nanosensors for in situ detection and imaging of diverse key molecules that are essential to maintain mitochondrial functions, including mitochondrial DNA and microRNA, enzymes, small molecules, and metal ions. Then, we compile the developments of DNA nanotechnologies for mitochondria-targeted anti-tumor therapy, including modularly designed DNA nanodevices for subcellular delivery of therapeutic agents, and programmed DNA assembly for mitochondrial interference. We will place an emphasis on clarification of the chemical principles of how DNA nanobiotechnology can be designed to target mitochondria for various biomedical applications. Finally, the remaining challenges and future directions in this emerging field will be discussed, hoping to inspire further development of advanced DNA toolkits for both academic and clinical research regarding mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhi Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangfei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuangui Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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7
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Yi SA, Pongkulapa T, Nevins S, Goldston LL, Chen M, Lee KB. Developing MiR-133a Zipper Nanoparticles for Targeted Enhancement of Thermogenic Adipocyte Generation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400654. [PMID: 38795000 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Existing delivery methods for RNAi therapeutics encounter challenges, including stability, specificity, and off-target effects, which restrict their clinical effectiveness. In this study, a novel miR-133a zipper nanoparticle (NP) system that integrates miRNA zipper technology with rolling circle transcription (RCT) to achieve targeted delivery and specific regulation of miR-133a in adipocytes, is presented. This innovative approach can greatly enhance the delivery and release of miR-133a zippers, increasing the expression of thermogenic genes and mitochondrial biogenesis. he miR-133a zipper NP is utilized for the delivery of miRNA zipper-blocking miR-133a, an endogenous inhibitor of Prdm16 expression, to enhance the thermogenic activity of adipocytes by modulating their transcriptional program. Inhibition of miR-133a through the miR-133a zipper NP leads to more significant upregulation of thermogenic gene expression (Prdm16 and Ucp1) than with the free miR-133a zipper strand. Furthermore, miR-133a zipper NPs increase the number of mitochondria and induce heat production, reducing the size of 3D adipose spheroids. In short, this study emphasizes the role of RNA NPs in improving RNAi stability and specificity and paves the way for broader applications in gene therapy. Moreover, this research represents a significant advancement in RNAi-based treatments, pointing toward a promising direction for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ah Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Thanapat Pongkulapa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Sarah Nevins
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Li Ling Goldston
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Meizi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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8
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van Straten D, Sork H, van de Schepop L, Frunt R, Ezzat K, Schiffelers RM. Biofluid specific protein coronas affect lipid nanoparticle behavior in vitro. J Control Release 2024; 373:481-492. [PMID: 39032575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have successfully entered the clinic for the delivery of mRNA- and siRNA-based therapeutics, most recently as vaccines for COVID-19. Nevertheless, there is a lack of understanding regarding their in vivo behavior, in particular cell targeting. Part of this LNP tropism is based on the adherence of endogenous protein to the particle surface. This protein forms a so-called corona that can change, amongst other things, the circulation time, biodistribution and cellular uptake of these particles. The formation of this protein corona, in turn, is dependent on the nanoparticle properties (e.g., size, charge, surface chemistry and hydrophobicity) as well as the biological environment from which it is derived. With the potential of gene therapy to target virtually any disease, administration sites other than intravenous route are considered, resulting in tissue specific protein coronas. For neurological diseases, intracranial administration of LNPs results in a cerebral spinal fluid derived protein corona, possibly changing the properties of the lipid nanoparticle compared to intravenous administration. Here, the differences between plasma and CSF derived protein coronas on a clinically relevant LNP formulation were studied in vitro. Protein analysis showed that LNPs incubated in human CSF (C-LNPs) developed a protein corona composition that differed from that of LNPs incubated in plasma (P-LNPs). Lipoproteins as a whole, but in particular apolipoprotein E, represented a higher percentage of the total protein corona on C-LNPs than on P-LNPs. This resulted in improved cellular uptake of C-LNPs compared to P-LNPs, regardless of cell origin. Importantly, the higher LNP uptake did not directly translate into more efficient cargo delivery, underlining that further assessment of such mechanisms is necessary. These findings show that biofluid specific protein coronas alter LNP functionality, suggesting that the site of administration could affect LNP efficacy in vivo and needs to be considered during the development of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demian van Straten
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Helena Sork
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Rowan Frunt
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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9
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Tao Y, Li G, Wang Z, Wang S, Peng X, Tang G, Li X, Liu J, Yu T, Fu X. MiR-1909-5p targeting GPX4 affects the progression of aortic dissection by modulating nicotine-induced ferroptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 191:114826. [PMID: 38897284 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aortic dissection (AD) is a prevalent and acute clinical catastrophe characterized by abrupt manifestation, swift progression, and elevated fatality rates. Despite smoking being a significant risk factor for AD, the precise pathological process remains elusive. This investigation endeavors to explore the mechanisms by which smoking accelerates AD through ferroptosis induction. METHODOLOGY In this novel study, we detected considerable endothelial cell death by ferroptosis within the aortic inner lining of both human AD patients with a smoking history and murine AD models induced by β-aminopropionitrile, angiotensin II, and nicotine. Utilizing bioinformatic approaches, we identified microRNAs regulating the expression of the ferroptosis inhibitor Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Nicotine's impact on ferroptosis was further assessed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) through modulation of miR-1909-5p. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of miR-1909-5p antagomir was evaluated in vivo in nicotine-exposed AD mice. FINDINGS Our results indicate a predominance of ferroptosis over apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in the aortas of AD patients who smoke. Nicotine exposure instigated ferroptosis in HUVECs, where the miR-1909-5p/GPX4 axis was implicated. Modulation of miR-1909-5p in these cells revealed its regulatory role over GPX4 levels and subsequent endothelial ferroptosis. In vivo, miR-1909-5p suppression reduced ferroptosis and mitigated AD progression in the murine model. CONCLUSIONS Our data underscore the involvement of the miR-1909-5p/GPX4 axis in the pathogenesis of nicotine-induced endothelial ferroptosis in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tao
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhong Wang
- The Department of Cardiology Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingang Peng
- The Department of Emergency General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhang Tang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Ultrasound Medicine Department, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiuxiu Fu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Kirsch ZJ, Ashby J, Vachet RW. Investigating Protein-Nucleic Acid Binding Interactions with Diethylpyrocarbonate Covalent Labeling-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024. [PMID: 39208253 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acids are important biomolecules that facilitate numerous cellular functions and have in recent years become promising candidates for treating disease. Consequently, there is a need for methods to characterize protein interactions with these molecules. Here, we demonstrate that diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) covalent labeling-mass spectrometry (CL-MS) can provide structural information for protein-nucleic acid binding by characterizing the binding sites of two DNA aptamers specific to thrombin. Reductions in thrombin labeling are observed at the pair's binding interfaces. Furthermore, we find that binding of the aptamers causes changes in labeling at residues in the thrombin active site and known exosites for each aptamer, showcasing the sensitivity of DEPC CL-MS to significant allosteric changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Kirsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jonathan Ashby
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, United States
| | - Richard W Vachet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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11
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Kaito S, Aoyama K, Oshima M, Tsuchiya A, Miyota M, Yamashita M, Koide S, Nakajima-Takagi Y, Kozuka-Hata H, Oyama M, Yogo T, Yabushita T, Ito R, Ueno M, Hirao A, Tohyama K, Li C, Kawabata KC, Yamaguchi K, Furukawa Y, Kosako H, Yoshimi A, Goyama S, Nannya Y, Ogawa S, Agger K, Helin K, Yamazaki S, Koseki H, Doki N, Harada Y, Harada H, Nishiyama A, Nakanishi M, Iwama A. Inhibition of TOPORS ubiquitin ligase augments the efficacy of DNA hypomethylating agents through DNMT1 stabilization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7359. [PMID: 39198387 PMCID: PMC11358161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA hypomethylating agents (HMAs) are used for the treatment of myeloid malignancies, although their therapeutic effects have been unsatisfactory. Here we show that CRISPR-Cas9 screening reveals that knockout of topoisomerase 1-binding arginine/serine-rich protein (TOPORS), which encodes a ubiquitin/SUMO E3 ligase, augments the efficacy of HMAs on myeloid leukemic cells with little effect on normal hematopoiesis, suggesting that TOPORS is involved in resistance to HMAs. HMAs are incorporated into the DNA and trap DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1) to form DNA-DNMT1 crosslinks, which undergo SUMOylation, followed by proteasomal degradation. Persistent crosslinking is cytotoxic. The TOPORS RING finger domain, which mediates ubiquitination, is responsible for HMA resistance. In TOPORS knockout cells, DNMT1 is stabilized by HMA treatment due to inefficient ubiquitination, resulting in the accumulation of unresolved SUMOylated DNMT1. This indicates that TOPORS ubiquitinates SUMOylated DNMT1, thereby promoting the resolution of DNA-DNMT1 crosslinks. Consistently, the ubiquitination inhibitor, TAK-243, and the SUMOylation inhibitor, TAK-981, show synergistic effects with HMAs through DNMT1 stabilization. Our study provides a novel HMA-based therapeutic strategy that interferes with the resolution of DNA-DNMT1 crosslinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kaito
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cancer RNA Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Aoyama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiho Tsuchiya
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Miyota
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamashita
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shuhei Koide
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yaeko Nakajima-Takagi
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kozuka-Hata
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Oyama
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Yogo
- Division of Cell Regulation, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yabushita
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Ito
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaya Ueno
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirao
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tohyama
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimihito Cojin Kawabata
- Division of Clinical Precision Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kosako
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akihide Yoshimi
- Division of Cancer RNA Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Nannya
- Division of Hematopoietic Disease Control, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Karl Agger
- BRIC University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Helin
- BRIC University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Division of Cell Regulation, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noriko Doki
- Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Harada
- Clinical Research Support Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Harada
- Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuya Nishiyama
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakanishi
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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Zhang L, Lou W, Wang J. Advances in nucleic acid therapeutics: structures, delivery systems, and future perspectives in cancer treatment. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:200. [PMID: 39196428 PMCID: PMC11358240 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Cancer has emerged as a significant threat to human health. Nucleic acid therapeutics regulate the gene expression process by introducing exogenous nucleic acid fragments, offering new possibilities for tumor remission and even cure. Their mechanism of action and high specificity demonstrate great potential in cancer treatment. However, nucleic acid drugs face challenges such as low stability and limited ability to cross physiological barriers in vivo. To address these issues, various nucleic acid delivery vectors have been developed to enhance the stability and facilitate precise targeted delivery of nucleic acid drugs within the body. In this review article, we primarily introduce the structures and principles of nucleic acid drugs commonly used in cancer therapy, as well as their cellular uptake and intracellular transportation processes. We focus on the various vectors commonly employed in nucleic acid drug delivery, highlighting their research progress and applications in recent years. Furthermore, we propose potential trends and prospects of nucleic acid drugs and their carriers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqi Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Wenting Lou
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, China.
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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13
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Liu H, Chen H, Yang Z, Wen Z, Gao Z, Liu Z, Liu L, Chen Y. Precision Nanovaccines for Potent Vaccination. JACS AU 2024; 4:2792-2810. [PMID: 39211600 PMCID: PMC11350730 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Compared with traditional vaccines, nanoparticulate vaccines are especially suitable for delivering antigens of proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids and facilitating lymph node targeting. Moreover, apart from improving pharmacokinetics and safety, nanoparticulate vaccines assist antigens and molecular adjuvants in crossing biological barriers, targeting immune organs and antigen-presenting cells (APC), controlled release, and cross-presentation. However, the process that stimulates and orchestrates the immune response is complicated, involving spatiotemporal interactions of multiple cell types, including APCs, B cells, T cells, and macrophages. The performance of nanoparticulate vaccines also depends on the microenvironments of the target organs or tissues in different populations. Therefore, it is necessary to develop precise nanoparticulate vaccines that accurately regulate vaccine immune response beyond simply improving pharmacokinetics. This Perspective summarizes and highlights the role of nanoparticulate vaccines with precise size, shape, surface charge, and spatial management of antigen or adjuvant for a precision vaccination in regulating the distribution, targeting, and immune response. It also discusses the importance of the rational design of nanoparticulate vaccines based on the anatomical and immunological microstructure of the target tissues. Moreover, the target delivery and controlled release of nanovaccines should be taken into consideration in designing vaccines for achieving precise immune responses. Additionally, it shows that the nanovaccines remodel the suppressed tumor environment and modulate various immune cell responses which are also essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Henan
University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Translational
Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan
University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Haolin Chen
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric
Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric
Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhenfu Wen
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric
Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric
Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhijia Liu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric
Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric
Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Henan
University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Henan
University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric
Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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14
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Yadav R, Kumar R, Kathpalia M, Ahmed B, Dua K, Gulati M, Singh S, Singh PJ, Kumar S, Shah RM, Deol PK, Kaur IP. Innovative approaches to wound healing: insights into interactive dressings and future directions. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:7977-8006. [PMID: 38946466 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02912c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to provide an up-to-date and all-encompassing account of the recent advancements in the domain of interactive wound dressings. Considering the gap between the achieved and desired clinical outcomes with currently available or under-study wound healing therapies, newer more specific options based on the wound type and healing phase are reviewed. Starting from the comprehensive description of the wound healing process, a detailed classification of wound dressings is presented. Subsequently, we present an elaborate and significant discussion describing interactive (unconventional) wound dressings. Latter includes biopolymer-based, bioactive-containing and biosensor-based smart dressings, which are discussed in separate sections together with their applications and limitations. Moreover, recent (2-5 years) clinical trials, patents on unconventional dressings, marketed products, and other information on advanced wound care designs and techniques are discussed. Subsequently, the future research direction is highlighted, describing peptides, proteins, and human amniotic membranes as potential wound dressings. Finally, we conclude that this field needs further development and offers scope for integrating information on the healing process with newer technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Rohtash Kumar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Muskan Kathpalia
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Bakr Ahmed
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Monica Gulati
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Singh
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Pushvinder Jit Singh
- Tynor Orthotics Private Limited, Janta Industrial Estate, Mohali 160082, Punjab, India
| | - Suneel Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rohan M Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora West, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Parneet Kaur Deol
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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15
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Todkari IA, Chaudhary P, Kulkarni MJ, Ganesh KN. Supramolecular polyplexes from Janus peptide nucleic acids (bm-PNA-G5): self-assembled bm-PNA G-quadruplex and its tetraduplex with DNA. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6810-6821. [PMID: 39113548 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00968a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) can form diverse secondary structures ranging from hairpins to duplex, triplex, G4-tetraplex and C4-i-motifs. Many of the DNA analogues designed as antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) are also adept at embracing such folded structures, although to different extents with altered stabilities. One such analogue, peptide nucleic acid (PNA), which is uncharged and achiral, forms hybrids with complementary DNA/RNA with greater stability and specificity than DNA:DNA/RNA hybrids. Like DNAs, these single-stranded PNAs can form PNA:DNA/RNA duplexes, PNA:DNA:PNA triplexes, PNA-G4 tetraplexes and PNA-C4-i-motifs. We have recently designed Janus-like bimodal PNAs endowed with two different nucleobase sequences on either side of a single aminoethylglycyl (aeg) PNA backbone and shown that these can simultaneously bind to two complementary DNA sequences from both faces of PNA. This leads to the formation of supramolecular polyplexes such as double duplexes, triple duplexes and triplexes of double duplexes with appropriate complementary DNA/RNA. Herein, we demonstrate that Janus/bimodal PNA with a poly G-sequence on the triazole side of the PNA backbone and mixed bases on the t-amide side, templates the initial formation of a (PNA-G5)4 tetraplex (triazole side), followed by the formation of a PNA:DNA duplex (t-amide side). Such a polyplex shows synergistic overall stabilisation compared to the isolated duplexes/quadruplex. The assembly of polyplexes with a shared backbone for duplexes and tetraplexes is programmable and may have potential applications in the self-assembly of nucleic acid nano- and origami structures. It is also shown that Janus PNAs enter the cells better than the standard aeg-PNA oligomers, and hence have implications for in vivo applications as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iranna Annappa Todkari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karkambadi Road, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Preeti Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Mahesh J Kulkarni
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pashan Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Krishna N Ganesh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karkambadi Road, Tirupati 517507, India
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
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16
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Cimafonte M, Esposito A, De Fenza M, Zaccaria F, D’Alonzo D, Guaragna A. Synthesis of Natural and Sugar-Modified Nucleosides Using the Iodine/Triethylsilane System as N-Glycosidation Promoter. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9030. [PMID: 39201716 PMCID: PMC11354600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The reagent system based on the combined use of Et3SiH/I2 acts as an efficient N-glycosidation promoter for the synthesis of natural and sugar-modified nucleosides. An analysis of reaction stereoselectivity in the absence of C2-positioned stereodirecting groups revealed high selectivity with six-membered substrates, depending on the nucleophilic character of the nucleobase or based on anomerization reactions. The synthetic utility of the Et3SiH/I2-mediated N-glycosidation reaction was highlighted by its use in the synthesis of the investigational drug apricitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cimafonte
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.F.); (F.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria De Fenza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.F.); (F.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Francesco Zaccaria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.F.); (F.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Daniele D’Alonzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.F.); (F.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Annalisa Guaragna
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.F.); (F.Z.); (A.G.)
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17
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Balcorta HV, Contreras Guerrero VG, Bisht D, Poon W. Nucleic Acid Delivery Nanotechnologies for In Vivo Cell Programming. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:5020-5036. [PMID: 38288693 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
In medicine, it is desirable for clinicians to be able to restore function and imbue novel function into selected cells for therapy and disease prevention. Cells damaged by disease, injury, or aging could be programmed to restore normal or lost functions, such as retinal cells in inherited blindness and neuronal cells in Alzheimer's disease. Cells could also be genetically programmed with novel functions such as immune cells expressing synthetic chimeric antigen receptors for immunotherapy. Furthermore, knockdown or modification of risk factor proteins can mitigate disease development. Currently, nucleic acids are emerging as a versatile and potent therapeutic modality for achieving this cellular programming. In this review, we highlight the latest developments in nanobiomaterials-based nucleic acid therapeutics for cellular programming from a biomaterial design and delivery perspective and how to overcome barriers to their clinical translation to benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannia V Balcorta
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Veronica G Contreras Guerrero
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Deepali Bisht
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Wilson Poon
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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18
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Tong S, Niu J, Wang Z, Jiao Y, Fu Y, Li D, Pan X, Sheng N, Yan L, Min P, Chen D, Cui S, Liu Y, Lin S. The Evolution of Microfluidic-Based Drug-Loading Techniques for Cells and Their Derivatives. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403422. [PMID: 39152940 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Conventional drug delivery techniques face challenges related to targeting and adverse reactions. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in nanoparticle-based drug carriers. Nevertheless, concerns persist regarding their safety and insufficient metabolism. Employing cells and their derivatives, such as cell membranes and extracellular vesicles (EVs), as drug carriers effectively addresses the challenges associated with nanoparticle carriers. However, an essential hurdle remains in efficiently loading drugs into these carriers. With the advancement of microfluidic technology and its advantages in precise manipulation at the micro- and nanoscales, as well as minimal sample loss, it has found extensive application in the loading of drugs using cells and their derivatives, thereby fostering the development of drug-loading techniques. This paper outlines the characteristics and benefits of utilizing cells and their derivatives as drug carriers and provides an overview of current drug-loading techniques, particularly those rooted in microfluidic technology. The significant potential for microfluidic technology in targeted disease therapy through drug delivery systems employing cells and their derivatives, is foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Tong
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiaqi Niu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhitao Wang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yingao Jiao
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yanfei Fu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dongxia Li
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinni Pan
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Nengquan Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Peiru Min
- Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Di Chen
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shengsheng Cui
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yanlei Liu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shujing Lin
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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19
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Liu J, Xi Z, Fan C, Mei Y, Zhao J, Jiang Y, Zhao M, Xu L. Hydrogels for Nucleic Acid Drugs Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401895. [PMID: 39152918 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid drugs are one of the hot spots in the field of biomedicine in recent years, and play a crucial role in the treatment of many diseases. However, its low stability and difficulty in target drug delivery are the bottlenecks restricting its application. Hydrogels are proven to be promising for improving the stability of nucleic acid drugs, reducing the adverse effects of rapid degradation, sudden release, and unnecessary diffusion of nucleic acid drugs. In this review, the strategies of loading nucleic acid drugs in hydrogels are summarized for various biomedical research, and classify the mechanism principles of these strategies, including electrostatic binding, hydrogen bond based binding, hydrophobic binding, covalent bond based binding and indirect binding using various carriers. In addition, this review also describes the release strategies of nucleic acid drugs, including photostimulation-based release, enzyme-responsive release, pH-responsive release, and temperature-responsive release. Finally, the applications and future research directions of hydrogels for delivering nucleic acid drugs in the field of medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Ziyue Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Chuanyong Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jiale Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
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20
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Deshmukh R, Sethi P, Singh B, Shiekmydeen J, Salave S, Patel RJ, Ali N, Rashid S, Elossaily GM, Kumar A. Recent Review on Biological Barriers and Host-Material Interfaces in Precision Drug Delivery: Advancement in Biomaterial Engineering for Better Treatment Therapies. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1076. [PMID: 39204421 PMCID: PMC11360117 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16081076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that precision therapy has a broad variety of treatment applications, making it an interesting research topic with exciting potential in numerous sectors. However, major obstacles, such as inefficient and unsafe delivery systems and severe side effects, have impeded the widespread use of precision medicine. The purpose of drug delivery systems (DDSs) is to regulate the time and place of drug release and action. They aid in enhancing the equilibrium between medicinal efficacy on target and hazardous side effects off target. One promising approach is biomaterial-assisted biotherapy, which takes advantage of biomaterials' special capabilities, such as high biocompatibility and bioactive characteristics. When administered via different routes, drug molecules deal with biological barriers; DDSs help them overcome these hurdles. With their adaptable features and ample packing capacity, biomaterial-based delivery systems allow for the targeted, localised, and prolonged release of medications. Additionally, they are being investigated more and more for the purpose of controlling the interface between the host tissue and implanted biomedical materials. This review discusses innovative nanoparticle designs for precision and non-personalised applications to improve precision therapies. We prioritised nanoparticle design trends that address heterogeneous delivery barriers, because we believe intelligent nanoparticle design can improve patient outcomes by enabling precision designs and improving general delivery efficacy. We additionally reviewed the most recent literature on biomaterials used in biotherapy and vaccine development, covering drug delivery, stem cell therapy, gene therapy, and other similar fields; we have also addressed the difficulties and future potential of biomaterial-assisted biotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohitas Deshmukh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India;
| | - Pranshul Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shri Venkateshwara University, Gajraula 244236, India;
| | - Bhupendra Singh
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248002, India;
- Department of Pharmacy, S.N. Medical College, Agra 282002, India
| | | | - Sagar Salave
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India;
| | - Ravish J. Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Anand 388421, India;
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gehan M. Elossaily
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Arun Kumar
- School of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
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21
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Ahmed MA, Krishna R, Rayad N, Albusaysi S, Mitra A, Shang E, Hon YY, AbuAsal B, Bakhaidar R, Roman YM, Bhattacharya I, Cloyd J, Patel M, Kartha RV, Younis IR. Getting the Dose Right in Drug Development for Rare Diseases: Barriers and Enablers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024. [PMID: 39148459 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
In the relentless pursuit of optimizing drug development, the intricate process of determining the ideal dosage unfolds. This involves "dose-finding" studies, crucial for providing insights into subsequent registration trials. However, the challenges intensify when tackling rare diseases. The complexity arises from poorly understood pathophysiologies, scarcity of appropriate animal models, and limited natural history understanding. The inherent heterogeneity, coupled with challenges in defining clinical end points, poses substantial challenges, hindering the utility of available data. The small affected population, low disease awareness, and restricted healthcare access compound the difficulty in conducting dose-finding studies. This white paper delves into critical dose selection aspects, focusing on key therapeutic areas, such as oncology, neurology, hepatology, metabolic rare diseases. It also explores dose selection challenges posed by pediatric rare diseases as well as novel modalities, including enzyme replacement therapies, cell and gene therapies, and oligonucleotides. Several examples emphasize the pivotal role of clinical pharmacology in navigating the complexities associated with these diseases and emerging treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam A Ahmed
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Takeda Development Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rajesh Krishna
- Certara Drug Development Solutions, Certara USA, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Noha Rayad
- Parexel International (MA) Corporation, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Salwa Albusaysi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amitava Mitra
- Clinical Pharmacology, Kura Oncology Inc, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Shang
- Global Regulatory Affairs and Clinical Safety, Merck &Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yuen Yi Hon
- Divsion of Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics, Office of Rare Diseases, Pediatrics, Urologic and Reproductive Medicine, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Bilal AbuAsal
- Division of Translational and Precision Medicine, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Rana Bakhaidar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef M Roman
- Division of Translational and Precision Medicine, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Indranil Bhattacharya
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Takeda Development Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Cloyd
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Munjal Patel
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Takeda Development Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reena V Kartha
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Islam R Younis
- Quantitative Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
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22
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Jiang Y, Jiang B, Wang Z, Li Y, Cheung JCW, Yin B, Wong SHD. Nucleic Acid Armor: Fortifying RNA Therapeutics through Delivery and Targeting Innovations for Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8888. [PMID: 39201574 PMCID: PMC11354913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA is a promising nucleic acid-based biomolecule for various treatments because of its high efficacy, low toxicity, and the tremendous availability of targeting sequences. Nevertheless, RNA shows instability and has a short half-life in physiological environments such as the bloodstream in the presence of RNAase. Therefore, developing reliable delivery strategies is important for targeting disease sites and maximizing the therapeutic effect of RNA drugs, particularly in the field of immunotherapy. In this mini-review, we highlight two major approaches: (1) delivery vehicles and (2) chemical modifications. Recent advances in delivery vehicles employ nanotechnologies such as lipid-based nanoparticles, viral vectors, and inorganic nanocarriers to precisely target specific cell types to facilitate RNA cellular entry. On the other hand, chemical modification utilizes the alteration of RNA structures via the addition of covalent bonds such as N-acetylgalactosamine or antibodies (antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates) to target specific receptors of cells. The pros and cons of these technologies are enlisted in this review. We aim to review nucleic acid drugs, their delivery systems, targeting strategies, and related chemical modifications. Finally, we express our perspective on the potential combination of RNA-based click chemistry with adoptive cell therapy (e.g., B cells or T cells) to address the issues of short duration and short half-life associated with antibody-oligonucleotide conjugate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; (Y.J.); (B.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Bolong Jiang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; (Y.J.); (B.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhenru Wang
- Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China;
| | - Yuxi Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; (Y.J.); (B.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - James Chung Wai Cheung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Bohan Yin
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; (Y.J.); (B.J.); (Y.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Siu Hong Dexter Wong
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; (Y.J.); (B.J.); (Y.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
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23
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He L, Xiang Y. Interrogating the Presence of RNA Phosphorothioate in Nature by a Highly Selective and Sensitive Fluorescence Method. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39138966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
In nature, DNA phosphorothioate (PT) is found in the genomic materials of some prokaryotes. In contrast, whether there is natural RNA PT is still a question under debate. A groundbreaking study reported the discovery of RNA PT in cellular RNA samples from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes at contents of >100 PT per million nucleotides (PPM-nt) according to liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. However, this finding was challenged by a later work showing that other RNA modifications, such as 2'-O-methylation, could give almost the same LC-MS/MS signal patterns as RNA PT. As the LC-MS/MS technique led to contradicting conclusions, another independent method is thus needed to interrogate the presence of RNA PT in nature. In this work, we have developed a highly selective and sensitive fluorescence method for RNA PT quantification based on a new RNA PT-specific conversion reaction. It can detect as low as 2.8 PPM-nt in RNA without interference from RNA thiobases or protein cysteines. We measured the total RNA samples from some bacteria and human cells using this method. None of these samples gave any RNA PT signal above the detection limit (2.8 PPM-nt), suggesting that the widespread presence of natural RNA PT at the 100 PPM-nt level or above is highly unlikely. Nevertheless, due to the limited number of cell species tested in this work, the possible existence of natural RNA PT cannot be excluded. The fluorescence method reported here is simple and low-cost; therefore, it should be an ideal assay for broadly screening various types of cells to search for the clue of RNA PT in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo He
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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24
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Westarp S, Benckendorff CMM, Motter J, Röhrs V, Sanghvi YS, Neubauer P, Kurreck J, Kurreck A, Miller GJ. Biocatalytic Nucleobase Diversification of 4'-Thionucleosides and Application of Derived 5-Ethynyl-4'-thiouridine for RNA Synthesis Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405040. [PMID: 38785103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues have proven to be transformative in the treatment of viral infections and cancer. One branch of structural modification to deliver new nucleoside analogue classes explores replacement of canonical ribose oxygen with a sulfur atom. Whilst biological activity of such analogues has been shown in some cases, widespread exploration of this compound class is hitherto hampered by the lack of a straightforward and universal nucleobase diversification strategy. Herein, we present a synergistic platform enabling both biocatalytic nucleobase diversification from 4'-thiouridine in a one-pot process, and chemical functionalization to access new entities. This methodology delivers entry across pyrimidine and purine 4'-thionucleosides, paving a way for wider synthetic and biological exploration. We exemplify our approach by enzymatic synthesis of 5-iodo-4'-thiouridine on multi-milligram scale and from here switch to complete chemical synthesis of a novel nucleoside analogue probe, 5-ethynyl-4'-thiouridine. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of this probe to monitor RNA synthesis in proliferating HeLa cells, validating its capability as a new metabolic RNA labelling tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Westarp
- Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76 ACK24, D-13355, Berlin, Germany
- BioNukleo GmbH, Ackerstrasse 76, D-13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caecilie M M Benckendorff
- Centre for Glycoscience and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jonas Motter
- Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76 ACK24, D-13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Viola Röhrs
- Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, TIB 4/3-2, D-13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yogesh S Sanghvi
- Rasayan Inc., 2802 Crystal Ridge Road, Encinitas, California, 92024, USA
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76 ACK24, D-13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Kurreck
- Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, TIB 4/3-2, D-13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Kurreck
- Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76 ACK24, D-13355, Berlin, Germany
- BioNukleo GmbH, Ackerstrasse 76, D-13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Centre for Glycoscience and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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25
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Momin N, Pabel S, Rudra A, Kumowski N, Lee IH, Mentkowski K, Yamazoe M, Stengel L, Muse CG, Seung H, Paccalet A, Gonzalez-Correa C, Jacobs EB, Grune J, Schloss MJ, Sossalla S, Wojtkiewicz G, Iwamoto Y, McMullen P, Mitchell RN, Ellinor PT, Anderson DG, Naxerova K, Nahrendorf M, Hulsmans M. Therapeutic Spp1 silencing in TREM2 + cardiac macrophages suppresses atrial fibrillation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.10.607461. [PMID: 39149373 PMCID: PMC11326243 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.10.607461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) and the risk of its lethal complications are propelled by fibrosis, which induces electrical heterogeneity and gives rise to reentry circuits. Atrial TREM2+ macrophages secrete osteopontin (encoded by Spp1), a matricellular signaling protein that engenders fibrosis and AFib. Here we show that silencing Spp1 in TREM2+ cardiac macrophages with an antibody-siRNA conjugate reduces atrial fibrosis and suppresses AFib in mice, thus offering a new immunotherapy for the most common arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Momin
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Precision Engineering for Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steffen Pabel
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arnab Rudra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard–MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nina Kumowski
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I-Hsiu Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Blavatnik Institute, Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyle Mentkowski
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masahiro Yamazoe
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Stengel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte G. Muse
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hana Seung
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandre Paccalet
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Gonzalez-Correa
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily B. Jacobs
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Precision Engineering for Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jana Grune
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maximilian J. Schloss
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Giessen, Kerckhoff Clinic Bad Nauheim, and DZHK, Partner site RhineMain, Germany
| | - Gregory Wojtkiewicz
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick McMullen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard–MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard N. Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick T. Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard–MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kamila Naxerova
- Blavatnik Institute, Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maarten Hulsmans
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Li Q, Sanghvi YS, Yan H. An expanded framework toward improving the detritylation reaction in solid-phase oligonucleotide syntheses - filling the gap. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39120431 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2388789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
A few interactions should be considered during the detritylation reaction of solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis (SPOS): (i) interaction of solvent with acid; (ii) interaction (or reaction) of solvent with trityl cation, and (iii) interaction of scavenger with acid, with the last one as the focus of this work. Using a stopped-flow setup, commonly used trityl cation scavengers (methanol, thioanisole, 1-dodecanethiol, triisopropylsilane, triethylsilane, and trihexylsilane) were evaluated for their reactivity toward tritylium hexafluorophosphate. Among the scavengers screened, methanol and thioanisole were found to be the most and least reactive, respectively; however, methanol does interact and react with trichloroacetic acid, thus it should not be pre-mixed and stored with acid as deblock solutions. Overall, all aspects of interactions must be taken into consideration while optimizing the detritylation reaction, especially for large scale SPOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | | | - Hongbin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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27
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He Z, Ji H, Xia B, Cao X, Huang Y, Zhu Q. Invention of circRNA promoting RNA to specifically promote circRNA production. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae693. [PMID: 39119897 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
CircRNA, an essential RNA molecule involved in various biological functions and diseases, often exhibits decreased expression in tumor tissues, playing a role as a tumor suppressor, and suggesting therapeutic potential for cancer. However, current methods for promoting circRNA production are limited. This study introduces a novel approach for enhancing circRNA biogenesis, termed circRNA promoting RNA (cpRNA). CpRNA is designed to complement the flanking sequences of reverse complementary matches (RCMs) within pre-mRNA, thereby facilitating circRNA formation through improved exon circularization. Using a split-GFP reporter system, we demonstrated that cpRNA significantly enhance circGFP production. Optimization identified the best conditions for cpRNA to promote circRNA biogenesis, and these cpRNAs were then used to augment the production of endogenous circRNAs. These results indicate that cpRNAs can specifically increase the production of endogenous circRNAs with RCMs, such as circZKSCAN1 and circSMARCA5 in cancer cells, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and migration by modulating circRNA-related pathways, showcasing the therapeutic potential of cpRNAs. Mechanistic studies have also shown that cpRNA promotes circRNA biogenesis, in part, by antagonizing the unwinding function of DHX9. Overall, these findings suggest that cpRNA represents a promising strategy for circRNA overexpression, offering a potential treatment for diseases marked by low circRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin He
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Haofei Ji
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Bei Xia
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiuen Cao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Qubo Zhu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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28
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Heggie A, Thurston TLM, Ellis T. Microbial messengers: nucleic acid delivery by bacteria. Trends Biotechnol 2024:S0167-7799(24)00188-4. [PMID: 39117490 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The demand for diverse nucleic acid delivery vectors, driven by recent biotechnological breakthroughs, offers opportunities for continuous improvements in efficiency, safety, and delivery capacity. With their enhanced safety and substantial cargo capacity, bacterial vectors offer significant potential across a variety of applications. In this review, we explore methods to engineer bacteria for nucleic acid delivery, including strategies such as engineering attenuated strains, lysis circuits, and conjugation machinery. Moreover, we explore pioneering techniques, such as manipulating nanoparticle (NP) coatings and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), representing the next frontier in bacterial vector engineering. We foresee these advancements in bacteria-mediated nucleic acid delivery, through combining bacterial pathogenesis with engineering biology techniques, as a pivotal step forward in the evolution of nucleic acid delivery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Heggie
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Teresa L M Thurston
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tom Ellis
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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29
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Liu Y, Zhou J, Wang Y, Baskaran D, Wang H. Unnatural lipids for simultaneous mRNA delivery and metabolic cell labeling. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:4170-4180. [PMID: 38976288 PMCID: PMC11303094 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00625a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Lipids have demonstrated tremendous promise for mRNA delivery, as evidenced by the success of Covid-19 mRNA vaccines. However, existing lipids are mostly used as delivery vehicles and lack the ability to monitor and further modulate the target cells. Here, for the first time, we report a class of unnatural lipids (azido-DOTAP) that can efficiently deliver mRNAs into cells and meanwhile metabolically label cells with unique chemical tags (e.g., azido groups). The azido tags expressed on the cell membrane enable the monitoring of transfected cells, and can mediate subsequent conjugation of cargos via efficient click chemistry for further modulation of transfected cells. We further demonstrate that the dual-functional unnatural lipid is applicable to different types of cells including dendritic cells, the prominent type of antigen presenting cells, potentially opening a new avenue to developing enhanced mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Jiadiao Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Yueji Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Dhyanesh Baskaran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Cancer Center at Illinois (CCIL), Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carle College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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30
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Yang Y, Wang X. Nano-drug delivery systems (NDDS) in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): current status, prospects and challenges. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1419384. [PMID: 39166109 PMCID: PMC11333238 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1419384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
About one-third of the global population suffers from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but specific treatments for MASLD have long been lacking, primarily due to the unclear etiology of the disease. In addition to lifestyle modifications and weight loss surgery, pharmacotherapy is the most common treatment among MASLD patients, and these drugs typically target the pathogenic factors of MASLD. However, bioavailability, efficacy, and side effects all limit the maximum therapeutic potential of the drugs. With the development of nanomedicine, recent years have seen attempts to combine MASLD pharmacotherapy with nanomaterials, such as liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, micelles, and cocrystals, which effectively improves the water solubility and targeting of the drugs, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxic side effects, offering new perspectives and futures for the treatment of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China
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31
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Kiran Kumar KD, Singh S, Schmelzle SM, Vogel P, Fruhner C, Hanswillemenke A, Brun A, Wettengel J, Füll Y, Funk L, Mast V, Botsch JJ, Reautschnig P, Li JB, Stafforst T. An improved SNAP-ADAR tool enables efficient RNA base editing to interfere with post-translational protein modification. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6615. [PMID: 39103360 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA base editing relies on the introduction of adenosine-to-inosine changes into target RNAs in a highly programmable manner in order to repair disease-causing mutations. Here, we propose that RNA base editing could be broadly applied to perturb protein function by removal of regulatory phosphorylation and acetylation sites. We demonstrate the feasibility on more than 70 sites in various signaling proteins and identify key determinants for high editing efficiency and potent down-stream effects. For the JAK/STAT pathway, we demonstrate both, negative and positive regulation. To achieve high editing efficiency over a broad codon scope, we applied an improved version of the SNAP-ADAR tool. The transient nature of RNA base editing enables the comparably fast (hours to days), dose-dependent (thus partial) and reversible manipulation of regulatory sites, which is a key advantage over DNA (base) editing approaches. In summary, PTM interference might become a valuable field of application of RNA base editing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shubhangi Singh
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Paul Vogel
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carolin Fruhner
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Adrian Brun
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Wettengel
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Füll
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Funk
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Valentin Mast
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Josephine Botsch
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Reautschnig
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jin Billy Li
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thorsten Stafforst
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Gene and RNA Therapy Center (GRTC), Faculty of Medicine University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- iFIT Cluster of Excellence (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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32
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Blanco C, Ramos Castellanos R, Fogg DE. Anionic Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Enable Modification of Unprotected Biomolecules in Water. ACS Catal 2024; 14:11147-11152. [PMID: 39114091 PMCID: PMC11301623 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Stability problems have limited the uptake of cationic olefin metathesis catalysts in chemical biology. Described herein are anionic catalysts that improve water-solubility, robustness, and compatibility with biomolecules such as DNA. A sulfonate tag is installed on the cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene (CAAC) ligand platform, chosen for resistance to degradation by nucleophiles, base, water, and β-elimination. Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts bearing the sulfonated CAAC ligands deliver record productivity in metathesis of unprotected carbohydrates and nucleosides at neutral pH. Decomposed catalyst has negligible impact on metathesis selectivity, whereas N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts degrade rapidly in water and cause extensive C=C migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian
O. Blanco
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Richard Ramos Castellanos
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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33
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Chen KS, Koubek EJ, Sakowski SA, Feldman EL. Stem cell therapeutics and gene therapy for neurologic disorders. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00427. [PMID: 39096590 PMCID: PMC11345629 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid advances in biological knowledge and technological innovation have greatly advanced the fields of stem cell and gene therapies to combat a broad spectrum of neurologic disorders. Researchers are currently exploring a variety of stem cell types (e.g., embryonic, progenitor, induced pluripotent) and various transplantation strategies, each with its own advantages and drawbacks. Similarly, various gene modification techniques (zinc finger, TALENs, CRISPR-Cas9) are employed with various delivery vectors to modify underlying genetic contributors to neurologic disorders. While these two individual fields continue to blaze new trails, it is the combination of these technologies which enables genetically engineered stem cells and vastly increases investigational and therapeutic opportunities. The capability to culture and expand stem cells outside the body, along with their potential to correct genetic abnormalities in patient-derived cells or enhance cells with extra gene products, unleashes the full biological potential for innovative, multifaceted approaches to treat complex neurological disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of stem cell and gene therapies in the context of neurologic disorders, highlighting recent advances and current shortcomings, and discuss prospects for future therapies in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily J Koubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stacey A Sakowski
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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34
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Ferraresso F, Leung J, Kastrup CJ. RNA therapeutics to control fibrinolysis: review on applications in biology and medicine. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:2103-2114. [PMID: 38663489 PMCID: PMC11269028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Regulation of fibrinolysis, the process that degrades blood clots, is pivotal in maintaining hemostasis. Dysregulation leads to thrombosis or excessive bleeding. Proteins in the fibrinolysis system include fibrinogen, coagulation factor XIII, plasminogen, tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase plasminogen activator, α2-antiplasmin, thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, α2-macroglobulin, and others. While each of these is a potential therapeutic target for diseases, they lack effective or long-acting inhibitors. Rapid advances in RNA-based technologies are creating powerful tools to control the expression of proteins. RNA agents can be long-acting and tailored to either decrease or increase production of a specific protein. Advances in nucleic acid delivery, such as by lipid nanoparticles, have enabled the delivery of RNA to the liver, where most proteins of coagulation and fibrinolysis are produced. This review will summarize the classes of RNA that induce 1) inhibition of protein synthesis, including small interfering RNA and antisense oligonucleotides; 2) protein expression, including messenger RNA and self-amplifying RNA; and 3) gene editing for gene knockdown and precise editing. It will review specific examples of RNA therapies targeting proteins in the coagulation and fibrinolysis systems and comment on the wide range of opportunities for controlling fibrinolysis for biological applications and future therapeutics using state-of-the-art RNA therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ferraresso
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jerry Leung
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christian J Kastrup
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Departments of Surgery, Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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35
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Faiella M, Botti G, Dalpiaz A, Gnudi L, Goyenvalle A, Pavan B, Perrone D, Bovolenta M, Marchesi E. In Vitro Studies to Evaluate the Intestinal Permeation of an Ursodeoxycholic Acid-Conjugated Oligonucleotide for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1023. [PMID: 39204368 PMCID: PMC11360444 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16081023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Delivery represents a major hurdle to the clinical advancement of oligonucleotide therapeutics for the treatment of disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In this preliminary study, we explored the ability of 2'-O-methyl-phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) conjugated with lipophilic ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) to permeate across intestinal barriers in vitro by a co-culture system of non-contacting IEC-6 cells and DMD myotubes, either alone or encapsulated in exosomes. UDCA was used to enhance the lipophilicity and membrane permeability of ASOs, potentially improving oral bioavailability. Exosomes were employed due to their biocompatibility and ability to deliver therapeutic cargo across biological barriers. Exon skipping was evaluated in the DMD myotubes to reveal the targeting efficiency. Exosomes extracted from milk and wild-type myotubes loaded with 5'-UDC-3'Cy3-ASO and seeded directly on DMD myotubes appear able to fuse to myotubes and induce exon skipping, up to ~20%. Permeation studies using the co-culture system were performed with 5'-UDC-3'Cy3-ASO 51 alone or loaded in milk-derived exosomes. In this setting, only gymnotic delivery induced significant levels of exon skipping (almost 30%) implying a possible role of the intestinal cells in enhancing delivery of ASOs. These results warrant further investigations to elucidate the delivery of ASOs by gymnosis or exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Faiella
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Giada Botti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.B.); (A.D.); (E.M.)
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication (CTNSC@UniFe), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.B.); (A.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Gnudi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Aurélie Goyenvalle
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, END-ICAP, 78000 Versailles, France;
| | - Barbara Pavan
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication (CTNSC@UniFe), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation—Section of Physiology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniela Perrone
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Matteo Bovolenta
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Elena Marchesi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.B.); (A.D.); (E.M.)
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36
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Currie J, Dahlberg JR, Lundberg E, Thunberg L, Eriksson J, Schweikart F, Nilsson GA, Örnskov E. Stability indicating ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography method for modified mRNA. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 245:116144. [PMID: 38636193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Modified messenger RNA (mRNA) represents a rapidly emerging class of therapeutic drug product. Development of robust stability indicating methods for control of product quality are therefore critical to support successful pharmaceutical development. This paper presents an ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography (IP-RPLC) method to characterise modified mRNA exposed to a wide set of stress-inducing conditions, relevant for pharmaceutical development of an mRNA drug product. The optimised method could be used for separation and analysis of large RNA, sized up to 1000 nucleotides. Column temperature, mobile phase flow rate and ion-pair selection were each studied and optimised. Baseline separations of the model RNA ladder sample were achieved using all examined ion-pairing agents. We established that the optimised method, using 100 mM Triethylamine, enabled the highest resolution separation for the largest fragments in the RNA ladder (750/1000 nucleotides), in addition to the highest overall resolution for the selected modified mRNA compound (eGFP mRNA, 996 nucleotides). The stability indicating power of the method was demonstrated by analysing the modified eGFP mRNA, upon direct exposure to heat, hydrolytic conditions and treatment with ribonucleases. Our results showed that the formed degradation products, which appeared as shorter RNA fragments in front of the main peak, could be well monitored, using the optimised method, and the relative stability of the mRNA under the various stressed conditions could be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Currie
- Innovation Strategies and External Liaison, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations & IT, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jacob R Dahlberg
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ester Lundberg
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Thunberg
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Eriksson
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fritz Schweikart
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunilla A Nilsson
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eivor Örnskov
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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37
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Li Q, Dong M, Chen P. Advances in structural-guided modifications of siRNA. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 110:117825. [PMID: 38954918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
To date, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved six small interfering RNA (siRNA) drugs: patisiran, givosiran, lumasiran, inclisiran, vutrisiran, and nedosiran, serving as compelling evidence of the promising potential of RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics. The successful implementation of siRNA therapeutics is improved through a combination of various chemical modifications and diverse delivery approaches. The utilization of chemically modified siRNA at specific sites on either the sense strand (SS) or antisense strand (AS) has the potential to enhance resistance to ribozyme degradation, improve stability and specificity, and prolong the efficacy of drugs. Herein, we provide comprehensive analyses concerning the correlation between chemical modifications and structure-guided siRNA design. Various modifications, such as 2'-modifications, 2',4'-dual modifications, non-canonical sugar modifications, and phosphonate mimics, are crucial for the activity of siRNA. We also emphasize the essential strategies for enhancing overhang stability, improving RISC loading efficacy and strand selection, reducing off-target effects, and discussing the future of targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; Research and Development Department, NanoPeptide (Qingdao) Biotechnology Ltd., Qingdao, China.
| | - Mingxin Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Pu Chen
- Research and Development Department, NanoPeptide (Qingdao) Biotechnology Ltd., Qingdao, China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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38
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Lee H, You G, Yeo S, Lee H, Mok H. Effects of Histidine Oligomers in Lipid Nanoparticles on siRNA Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2400043. [PMID: 38819534 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In this study, histidine oligomer (oHis; 10mer)-incorporating LNPs (H10LNPs) are developed as a novel carrier for efficient siRNA delivery. Notably, the unmodified oHis (10mer) is greatly incorporated within LNPs through ionic interaction with siRNAs, which serves as an endosome escape enhancer. H10LNPs with a size of ≈65 nm demonstrate a significantly enhanced extent of endosomal escape, as evidenced by calcein assay and confocal microscopy images of intracellular fluorescence, surpassing conventional LNPs. Furthermore, the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the human endogenous globotriaosylceramide synthase (Gb3 synthase) gene in H10LNPs-treated cells exhibits a significant threefold decrease, compared to that in LNP-treated cells. Notably, H10LNPs maintain comparable biocompatibility and biodistribution both in vitro and in vivo. Considering that the fabricated siRNA H10LNPs exhibit excellent biocompatibility and superior gene silencing activity over conventional LNPs, these particles can be harnessed for the safe delivery of therapeutic siRNAs. Additionally, this study introduces promising, feasible, simple, and alternative formulation processes for integrating unmodified functional cationic peptides into LNPs to enhance the delivery efficiency of a wide range of nucleic acid-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeondo Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayeon You
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Yeo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Mok
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
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39
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Osawa T, Kita R, Kasahara Y, Yamaguma H, Nakayama T, Kamada H, Obika S. In vitro screening of chemically synthesized dipeptide-antisense oligonucleotide conjugates to identify ligand molecules enhancing their activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 110:117814. [PMID: 38981217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide therapeutics, particularly antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), have emerged as promising candidates in drug discovery. However, their effective delivery to the target tissues and cells remains a challenge, necessitating the development of suitable drug delivery technologies for ASOs to enable their practical application. In this study, we synthesized a library of chemically modified dipeptide-ASO conjugates using a recent synthetic method based on the Ugi reaction. We then conducted in vitro screening of this library using luciferase-expressing cell lines to identify ligands capable of enhancing ASO activity. Our findings suggest that N-(4-nitrophenoxycarbonyl)glycine may interact with the thiophosphate moiety of the phosphorothioate-modification in ASO. Through our screening efforts, we identified two ligands that modestly reduced luciferase luminescence in a cell type-selective manner. Furthermore, quantification of luciferase mRNA levels revealed that one of these promising dipeptide-ASO conjugates markedly suppressed luciferase RNA levels through its antisense effect in prostate-derived DU-145 cells compared to the ASOs without ligand modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Osawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuuya Kasahara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Harumi Yamaguma
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Taisuke Nakayama
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kamada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Satoshi Obika
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University (OTRI), 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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40
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Yan W, Cao Y, Yin Q, Li Y. Biomimetic Nucleic Acid Drug Delivery Systems for Relieving Tumor Immunosuppressive Microenvironment. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1028. [PMID: 39204373 PMCID: PMC11360391 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16081028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy combats tumors by enhancing the body's immune surveillance and clearance of tumor cells. Various nucleic acid drugs can be used in immunotherapy, such as DNA expressing cytokines, mRNA tumor vaccines, small interfering RNAs (siRNA) knocking down immunosuppressive molecules, and oligonucleotides that can be used as immune adjuvants. Nucleic acid drugs, which are prone to nuclease degradation in the circulation and find it difficult to enter the target cells, typically necessitate developing appropriate vectors for effective in vivo delivery. Biomimetic drug delivery systems, derived from viruses, bacteria, and cells, can protect the cargos from degradation and clearance, and deliver them to the target cells to ensure safety. Moreover, they can activate the immune system through their endogenous activities and active components, thereby improving the efficacy of antitumor immunotherapeutic nucleic acid drugs. In this review, biomimetic nucleic acid delivery systems for relieving a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment are introduced. Their immune activation mechanisms, including upregulating the proinflammatory cytokines, serving as tumor vaccines, inhibiting immune checkpoints, and modulating intratumoral immune cells, are elaborated. The advantages and disadvantages, as well as possible directions for their clinical translation, are summarized at last.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.Y.); (Y.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.Y.); (Y.C.)
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.Y.); (Y.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.Y.); (Y.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264000, China
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Soroudi S, Jaafari MR, Arabi L. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) mediated mRNA delivery in cardiovascular diseases: Advances in genome editing and CAR T cell therapy. J Control Release 2024; 372:113-140. [PMID: 38876358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global mortality among non-communicable diseases. Current cardiac regeneration treatments have limitations and may lead to adverse reactions. Hence, innovative technologies are needed to address these shortcomings. Messenger RNA (mRNA) emerges as a promising therapeutic agent due to its versatility in encoding therapeutic proteins and targeting "undruggable" conditions. It offers low toxicity, high transfection efficiency, and controlled protein production without genome insertion or mutagenesis risk. However, mRNA faces challenges such as immunogenicity, instability, and difficulty in cellular entry and endosomal escape, hindering its clinical application. To overcome these hurdles, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), notably used in COVID-19 vaccines, have a great potential to deliver mRNA therapeutics for CVDs. This review highlights recent progress in mRNA-LNP therapies for CVDs, including Myocardial Infarction (MI), Heart Failure (HF), and hypercholesterolemia. In addition, LNP-mediated mRNA delivery for CAR T-cell therapy and CRISPR/Cas genome editing in CVDs and the related clinical trials are explored. To enhance the efficiency, safety, and clinical translation of mRNA-LNPs, advanced technologies like artificial intelligence (AGILE platform) in RNA structure design, and optimization of LNP formulation could be integrated. We conclude that the strategies to facilitate the extra-hepatic delivery and targeted organ tropism of mRNA-LNPs (SORT, ASSET, SMRT, and barcoded LNPs) hold great prospects to accelerate the development and translation of mRNA-LNPs in CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Soroudi
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Harisa GI, Faris TM, Sherif AY, Alzhrani RF, Alanazi SA, Kohaf NA, Alanazi FK. Coding Therapeutic Nucleic Acids from Recombinant Proteins to Next-Generation Vaccines: Current Uses, Limitations, and Future Horizons. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1853-1871. [PMID: 37578574 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to highlight the potential use of cTNAs in therapeutic applications. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant use of coding therapeutic nucleic acids (cTNAs) in terms of DNA and mRNA in the development of vaccines. The use of cTNAs resulted in a paradigm shift in the therapeutic field. However, the injection of DNA or mRNA into the human body transforms cells into biological factories to produce the necessary proteins. Despite the success of cTNAs in the production of corona vaccines, they have several limitations such as instability, inability to cross biomembranes, immunogenicity, and the possibility of integration into the human genome. The chemical modification and utilization of smart drug delivery cargoes resolve cTNAs therapeutic problems. The success of cTNAs in corona vaccine production provides perspective for the eradication of influenza viruses, Zika virus, HIV, respiratory syncytial virus, Ebola virus, malaria, and future pandemics by quick vaccine design. Moreover, the progress cTNAs technology is promising for the development of therapy for genetic disease, cancer therapy, and currently incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamaleldin I Harisa
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Tarek M Faris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelrahman Y Sherif
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad F Alzhrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science Collage of Pharmacy, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neveen A Kohaf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
| | - Fars K Alanazi
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Xie M, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Lu R, Zhai Z, Huang Y, Wang F, Xin C, Rong G, Zhao C, Jiang K, Zhou X, Zhou X, Zhu X, Hong J, Zhang C. Membrane Fusion-Mediated Loading of Therapeutic siRNA into Exosome for Tissue-Specific Application. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403935. [PMID: 38889294 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Tissue-specific delivery of oligonucleotide therapeutics beyond the liver remains a key challenge in nucleic acid drug development. To address this issue, exploiting exosomes as a novel carrier has emerged as a promising approach for efficient nucleic acid drug delivery. However, current exosome-based delivery systems still face multiple hurdles in their clinical applications. Herein, this work presents a strategy for constructing a hybrid exosome vehicle (HEV) through a DNA zipper-mediated membrane fusion approach for tissue-specific siRNA delivery. As a proof-of-concept, this work successfully fuses a liposome encapsulating anti-NFKBIZ siRNAs with corneal epithelium cell (CEC)-derived exosomes to form a HEV construct for the treatment of dry eye disease (DED). With homing characteristics inherited from exosomes, the siRNA-bearing HEV can target its parent cells and efficiently deliver the siRNA payloads to the cornea. Subsequently, the NFKBIZ gene silencing significantly reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine secretions from the ocular surface, reshapes its inflammatory microenvironment, and ultimately achieves an excellent therapeutic outcome in a DED mouse model. As a versatile platform, this hybrid exosome with targeting capability and designed therapeutic siRNAs may hold great potential in various disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Yilun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zimeng Zhai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Fujun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Changchang Xin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Guangyu Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Xujiao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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Gao J, Gunasekar S, Xia ZJ, Shalin K, Jiang C, Chen H, Lee D, Lee S, Pisal ND, Luo JN, Griciuc A, Karp JM, Tanzi R, Joshi N. Gene therapy for CNS disorders: modalities, delivery and translational challenges. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:553-572. [PMID: 38898231 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00829-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy is emerging as a powerful tool to modulate abnormal gene expression, a hallmark of most CNS disorders. The transformative potentials of recently approved gene therapies for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and active cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy are encouraging further development of this approach. However, most attempts to translate gene therapy to the clinic have failed to make it to market. There is an urgent need not only to tailor the genes that are targeted to the pathology of interest but to also address delivery challenges and thereby maximize the utility of genetic tools. In this Review, we provide an overview of gene therapy modalities for CNS diseases, emphasizing the interconnectedness of different delivery strategies and routes of administration. Important gaps in understanding that could accelerate the clinical translatability of CNS genetic interventions are addressed, and we present lessons learned from failed clinical trials that may guide the future development of gene therapies for the treatment and management of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Swetharajan Gunasekar
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziting Judy Xia
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kiruba Shalin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Jiang
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Dongtak Lee
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sohyung Lee
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nishkal D Pisal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - James N Luo
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Griciuc
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Rudolph Tanzi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nitin Joshi
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Zhang QY, Ding W, Mo JS, Ou-Yang SM, Lin ZY, Peng KR, Liu GP, Lu JJ, Yue PB, Lei JP, Wang YD, Zhang XL. Novel STAT3 oligonucleotide compounds suppress tumor growth and overcome the acquired resistance to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1701-1714. [PMID: 38609562 PMCID: PMC11272795 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of tumors, leading to resistance and poor prognosis. Activation of STAT3 signaling is frequently detected in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but potent and less toxic STAT3 inhibitors have not been discovered. Here, based on antisense technology, we designed a series of stabilized modified antisense oligonucleotides targeting STAT3 mRNA (STAT3 ASOs). Treatment with STAT3 ASOs decreased the STAT3 mRNA and protein levels in HCC cells. STAT3 ASOs significantly inhibited the proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion of cancer cells by specifically perturbing STAT3 signaling. Treatment with STAT3 ASOs decreased the tumor burden in an HCC xenograft model. Moreover, aberrant STAT3 signaling activation is one of multiple signaling pathways involved in sorafenib resistance in HCC. STAT3 ASOs effectively sensitized resistant HCC cell lines to sorafenib in vitro and improved the inhibitory potency of sorafenib in a resistant HCC xenograft model. The developed STAT3 ASOs enrich the tools capable of targeting STAT3 and modulating STAT3 activity, serve as a promising strategy for treating HCC and other STAT3-addicted tumors, and alleviate the acquired resistance to sorafenib in HCC patients. A series of novel STAT3 antisense oligonucleotide were designed and showed potent anti-cancer efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo by targeting STAT3 signaling. Moreover, the selected STAT3 ASOs enhance sorafenib sensitivity in resistant cell model and xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yi Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wen Ding
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jian-Shan Mo
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shu-Min Ou-Yang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zi-You Lin
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ke-Ren Peng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guo-Pin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Pei-Bin Yue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jin-Ping Lei
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Pinyon JL, von Jonquieres G, Crawford EN, Abed AA, Power JM, Klugmann M, Browne CJ, Housley DM, Wise AK, Fallon JB, Shepherd RK, Lin JY, McMahon C, McAlpine D, Birman CS, Lai W, Enke YL, Carter PM, Patrick JF, Gay RD, Marie C, Scherman D, Lovell NH, Housley GD. Gene Electrotransfer via Conductivity-Clamped Electric Field Focusing Pivots Sensori-Motor DNA Therapeutics: "A Spoonful of Sugar Helps the Medicine Go Down". ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401392. [PMID: 38874431 PMCID: PMC11321635 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Viral vectors and lipofection-based gene therapies have dispersion-dependent transduction/transfection profiles that thwart precise targeting. The study describes the development of focused close-field gene electrotransfer (GET) technology, refining spatial control of gene expression. Integration of fluidics for precise delivery of "naked" plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in sucrose carrier within the focused electric field enables negative biasing of near-field conductivity ("conductivity-clamping"-CC), increasing the efficiency of plasma membrane molecular translocation. This enables titratable gene delivery with unprecedently low charge transfer. The clinic-ready bionics-derived CC-GET device achieved neurotrophin-encoding miniplasmid DNA delivery to the cochlea to promote auditory nerve regeneration; validated in deafened guinea pig and cat models, leading to improved central auditory tuning with bionics-based hearing. The performance of CC-GET is evaluated in the brain, an organ problematic for pulsed electric field-based plasmid DNA delivery, due to high required currents causing Joule-heating and damaging electroporation. Here CC-GET enables safe precision targeting of gene expression. In the guinea pig, reporter expression is enabled in physiologically critical brainstem regions, and in the striatum (globus pallidus region) delivery of a red-shifted channelrhodopsin and a genetically-encoded Ca2+ sensor, achieved photoactivated neuromodulation relevant to the treatment of Parkinson's Disease and other focal brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L. Pinyon
- Translational Neuroscience FacilityDepartment of PhysiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Biomedical EngineeringTyree Institute for Health Engineering (IHealthE)UNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
- Charles Perkins CentreSchool of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Georg von Jonquieres
- Translational Neuroscience FacilityDepartment of PhysiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Biomedical EngineeringTyree Institute for Health Engineering (IHealthE)UNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Edward N. Crawford
- Translational Neuroscience FacilityDepartment of PhysiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Biomedical EngineeringTyree Institute for Health Engineering (IHealthE)UNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Amr Al Abed
- Translational Neuroscience FacilityDepartment of PhysiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Biomedical EngineeringTyree Institute for Health Engineering (IHealthE)UNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - John M. Power
- Translational Neuroscience FacilityDepartment of PhysiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Biomedical EngineeringTyree Institute for Health Engineering (IHealthE)UNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Matthias Klugmann
- Translational Neuroscience FacilityDepartment of PhysiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Biomedical EngineeringTyree Institute for Health Engineering (IHealthE)UNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Cherylea J. Browne
- Translational Neuroscience FacilityDepartment of PhysiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Biomedical EngineeringTyree Institute for Health Engineering (IHealthE)UNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
- Medical SciencesSchool of ScienceWestern Sydney UniversitySydneyNSW2560Australia
| | - David M. Housley
- Translational Neuroscience FacilityDepartment of PhysiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Biomedical EngineeringTyree Institute for Health Engineering (IHealthE)UNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Andrew K. Wise
- Bionics Institute384–388 Albert StreetEast MelbourneVIC3002Australia
- Medical BionicsDepartment of OtolaryngologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3002Australia
| | - James B. Fallon
- Bionics Institute384–388 Albert StreetEast MelbourneVIC3002Australia
- Medical BionicsDepartment of OtolaryngologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3002Australia
| | - Robert K. Shepherd
- Bionics Institute384–388 Albert StreetEast MelbourneVIC3002Australia
- Medical BionicsDepartment of OtolaryngologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3002Australia
| | - John Y. Lin
- Tasmanian School of MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTAS7001Australia
| | - Catherine McMahon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesThe Hearing HubMacquarie UniversitySydney2109Australia
| | - David McAlpine
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesThe Hearing HubMacquarie UniversitySydney2109Australia
| | - Catherine S. Birman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesThe Hearing HubMacquarie UniversitySydney2109Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
- Department of OtolaryngologyRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNSW2050Australia
- NextSenseRoyal Institute of Deaf and Blind ChildrenGladesvilleNSW2111Australia
| | - Waikong Lai
- NextSenseRoyal Institute of Deaf and Blind ChildrenGladesvilleNSW2111Australia
| | - Ya Lang Enke
- Cochlear LimitedMacquarie UniversityUniversity AvenueMacquarie ParkNSW2109Australia
| | - Paul M. Carter
- Cochlear LimitedMacquarie UniversityUniversity AvenueMacquarie ParkNSW2109Australia
| | - James F. Patrick
- Cochlear LimitedMacquarie UniversityUniversity AvenueMacquarie ParkNSW2109Australia
| | - Robert D. Gay
- Cochlear LimitedMacquarie UniversityUniversity AvenueMacquarie ParkNSW2109Australia
| | - Corinne Marie
- CNRS, Inserm, UTCBSUniversité Paris CitéParisF‐75006France
- Chimie ParisTechUniversité PSLParis75005France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- CNRS, Inserm, UTCBSUniversité Paris CitéParisF‐75006France
- Fondation Maladies Rares96 rue DidotParis75014France
| | - Nigel H. Lovell
- Translational Neuroscience FacilityDepartment of PhysiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Biomedical EngineeringTyree Institute for Health Engineering (IHealthE)UNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Gary D. Housley
- Translational Neuroscience FacilityDepartment of PhysiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Biomedical EngineeringTyree Institute for Health Engineering (IHealthE)UNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
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Sattler C, Ceylan B, Hoffmann L, Juric A, Kraus J, Marandi S, Shahnazari A, Rühl M. Sequence confirmation of synthetic DNA exceeding 100 nucleotides using restriction enzyme mediated digestion combined with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 245:116180. [PMID: 38703748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides have emerged as important therapeutic options for inherited diseases. In recent years, RNA therapeutics, especially mRNA, have been pushed to the market. Analytical methods for these molecules have been published extensively in the last few years. Notably, mass spectrometry has proven as a state-of-the-art quality control method. For RNA based therapeutics, numerous methods are available, while DNA therapeutics lack of suitable MS-based methods when it comes to molecules exceeding approximately 60 nucleotides. We present a method which combines the use of common restriction enzymes and short enzyme-directing oligonucleotides to generate DNA digestion products with the advantages of high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The instrumentation includes ion pair reverse phase chromatography coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer with a collision induced dissociation (CID) for sequence analysis. Utilizing this approach, we increased the sequence coverage from 23.3% for a direct CID-MS/MS experiment of a 100 nucleotide DNA molecule to 100% sequence coverage using the restriction enzyme mediated approach presented in this work. This approach is suitable for research and development and quality control purposes in a regulated environment, which makes it a versatile tool for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Burak Ceylan
- BioSpring GmbH, Alt-Fechenheim 34, Frankfurt am Main 60386, Germany
| | - Luisa Hoffmann
- BioSpring GmbH, Alt-Fechenheim 34, Frankfurt am Main 60386, Germany
| | - Andela Juric
- BioSpring GmbH, Alt-Fechenheim 34, Frankfurt am Main 60386, Germany
| | - Julia Kraus
- BioSpring GmbH, Alt-Fechenheim 34, Frankfurt am Main 60386, Germany
| | - Shima Marandi
- BioSpring GmbH, Alt-Fechenheim 34, Frankfurt am Main 60386, Germany
| | - Aref Shahnazari
- BioSpring GmbH, Alt-Fechenheim 34, Frankfurt am Main 60386, Germany
| | - Michael Rühl
- BioSpring GmbH, Alt-Fechenheim 34, Frankfurt am Main 60386, Germany.
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48
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Aquino-Jarquin G. CircRNA knockdown based on antisense strategies. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104066. [PMID: 38908546 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of noncoding RNA that are formed by back-splicing from eukaryotic protein-coding genes. The most frequently reported and well-characterized function of circRNAs is their ability to act as molecular decoys, most often as miRNA and protein sponges. However, the functions of most circRNAs still need to be better understood. To more fully understand the biological relevance of validated circRNAs, knockdown functional analyses can be performed using antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference (RNAi) experiments (e.g., targeting back-splicing junction sites), the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated (Cas)-9 system (e.g., generating circRNA-specific knockouts), and CRISPR-Cas13 technology to effectively target circRNAs without affecting host genes. In this review, I summarize the feasibility and effectiveness of circRNA knockdown through antisense strategies for investigating the biological roles of circRNAs in cultured cells and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Aquino-Jarquin
- RNA Biology and Genome Editing Section. Genomics, Genetics, and Bioinformatics Research Laboratory. 'Federico Gómez' Children's Hospital of Mexico. Dr. Márquez 162, Doctores, Cuauhtémoc, CP 06720, CDMX, Mexico.
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49
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Nie JJ, Zhang B, Luo P, Luo M, Luo Y, Cao J, Wang H, Mao J, Xing Y, Liu W, Cheng Y, Wang R, Liu Y, Wu X, Jiang X, Cheng X, Zhang C, Chen DF. Enhanced pyroptosis induction with pore-forming gene delivery for osteosarcoma microenvironment reshaping. Bioact Mater 2024; 38:455-471. [PMID: 38770426 PMCID: PMC11103790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor without efficient management for improving 5-year event-free survival. Immunotherapy is also limited due to its highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Pore-forming gasdermins (GSDMs)-mediated pyroptosis has gained increasing concern in reshaping TME, however, the expressions and relationships of GSDMs with osteosarcoma remain unclear. Herein, gasdermin E (GSDME) expression is found to be positively correlated with the prognosis and immune infiltration of osteosarcoma patients, and low GSDME expression was observed. A vector termed as LPAD contains abundant hydroxyl groups for hydrating layer formation was then prepared to deliver the GSDME gene to upregulate protein expression in osteosarcoma for efficient TME reshaping via enhanced pyroptosis induction. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations analysis proved that the hydroxyl groups increased LPAD hydration abilities by enhancing coulombic interaction. The upregulated GSDME expression together with cleaved caspase-3 provided impressive pyroptosis induction. The pyroptosis further initiated proinflammatory cytokines release, increased immune cell infiltration, activated adaptive immune responses and create a favorable immunogenic hot TME. The study not only confirms the role of GSDME in the immune infiltration and prognosis of osteosarcoma, but also provides a promising strategy for the inhibition of osteosarcoma by pore-forming GSDME gene delivery induced enhanced pyroptosis to reshape the TME of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jun Nie
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Radiology, National Center for Orthopaedics, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Maoguo Luo
- Biological & Medical Engineering Core Facilities, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwen Luo
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Honggang Wang
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Mao
- Department of Spine Surgery, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonggang Xing
- Department of Spine Surgery, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology Surgery, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuning Cheng
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Renxian Wang
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbao Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xieyuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Cheng
- Department of Radiology, National Center for Orthopaedics, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Fu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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50
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Wang T, Li Q, Xu R, Zhao Z, Sun Q, Xu X, Li R. Nanoparticles (NPs)-mediated lncMALAT1 silencing to reverse cisplatin resistance for effective hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1437071. [PMID: 39139640 PMCID: PMC11319142 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1437071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy has been widely used for clinical cancer treatment, but drug resistance is the main barrier to induce the poor prognosis of cancer patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recognized as a type of new cancer therapeutic targets due to their important role in regulating cancer progression such as drug resistance. However, it is still challenged to effectively intervene the expression of lncRNAs as they are usually located at various subcellular organelles (e.g., nucleus, mitochondrion, and endoplasmic reticulum). We herein developed an endosomal pH-responsive nanoparticle (NP) platform for small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cisplatin prodrug co-delivery and effective cisplatin-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. This co-delivery nanoplatform is comprised of a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) shell and a hydrophobic poly (2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDPA) core, in which cisplatin prodrug and electrostatic complexes of nucleus-targeting amphiphilic peptide (NTPA) and siRNA are encapsulated. After intravenous injection and then uptake by tumor cells, the endosomal pH could trigger the dissociation of nanoplatform and enhance the endosomal escape of loaded cisplatin prodrug and NTPA/siRNA complexes via the "proton sponge" effect. Subsequently, the NTPA/siRNA complexes could specifically transport siRNA into the nucleus and efficiently reverse cisplatin resistance via silencing the expression of lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (lncMALAT1) mainly localized in the nucleus, ultimately inhibiting the growth of cisplatin-resistant HCC tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Nanomaterials, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Nanomaterials, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Nanomaterials, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Nanomaterials, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, China
| | - Xiaoding Xu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Nanomaterials, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Rong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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