1
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Li D, Li Z, Pan C, Sun Y, Zhou J, Yangdong X, Xu X, Liu L, Wang H, Chen Y, Song X, Liu P, Zhou X, Liang SJ, Miao F, Zhai T. Ionic Photovoltaics-in-Memory in van der Waals Material. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2406984. [PMID: 39039978 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The photovoltaic effect is gaining growing attention in the optoelectronics field due to its low power consumption, sustainable nature, and high efficiency. However, the photovoltaic effects hitherto reported are hindered by the stringent band-alignment requirement or inversion symmetry-breaking, and are challenging for achieving multifunctional photovoltaic properties (such as reconfiguration, nonvolatility, and so on). Here, a novel ionic photovoltaic effect in centrosymmetric CdSb2Se3Br2 that can overcome these limitations is demonstrated. The photovoltaic effect displays significant anisotropy, with the photocurrent being most apparent along the CdBr2 chains while absent perpendicular to them. Additionally, the device shows electrically-induced nonvolatile photocurrent switching characteristics. The photovoltaic effect is attributed to the modulation of the built-in electric field through the migration of Br ions. Using these unique photovoltaic properties, a highly secure circuit with electrical and optical keys is successfully implemented. The findings not only broaden the understanding of the photovoltaic mechanism, but also provide a new material platform for the development of in-memory sensing and computing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zexin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chen Pan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary of Physical Sciences, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xingjian Yangdong
- Institute of Brain-Inspired Intelligence, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Haoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yunxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Pengbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jun Liang
- Institute of Brain-Inspired Intelligence, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Feng Miao
- Institute of Brain-Inspired Intelligence, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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2
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Lee S, Song MK, Zhang X, Suh JM, Ryu JE, Kim J. Mixed-Dimensional Integration of 3D-on-2D Heterostructures for Advanced Electronics. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 39037750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional properties requisite for next-generation electronics, including ultrahigh carrier mobility, superior mechanical flexibility, and unusual optical characteristics. Despite their great potential, one of the major technical difficulties toward lab-to-fab transition exists in the seamless integration of 2D materials with classic material systems, typically composed of three-dimensional (3D) materials. Owing to the self-passivated nature of 2D surfaces, it is particularly challenging to achieve well-defined interfaces when forming 3D materials on 2D materials (3D-on-2D) heterostructures. Here, we comprehensively review recent progress in 3D-on-2D incorporation strategies, ranging from direct-growth- to layer-transfer-based approaches and from non-epitaxial to epitaxial integration methods. Their technological advances and obstacles are rigorously discussed to explore optimal, yet viable, integration strategies of 3D-on-2D heterostructures. We conclude with an outlook on mixed-dimensional integration processes, identifying key challenges in state-of-the-art technology and suggesting potential opportunities for future innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Min-Kyu Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jun Min Suh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jung-El Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeehwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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Varghese A, Pandey AH, Sharma P, Yin Y, Medhekar NV, Lodha S. Electrically Controlled High Sensitivity Strain Modulation in MoS 2 Field-Effect Transistors via a Piezoelectric Thin Film on Silicon Substrates. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:8472-8480. [PMID: 38950892 PMCID: PMC11262308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Strain can modulate bandgap and carrier mobilities in two-dimensional (2D) materials. Conventional strain-application methodologies relying on flexible/patterned/nanoindented substrates are limited by low thermal tolerance, poor tunability, and/or scalability. Here, we leverage the converse piezoelectric effect to electrically generate and control strain transfer from a piezoelectric thin film to electromechanically coupled 2D MoS2. Electrical bias polarity change across the piezo film tunes the nature of strain transferred to MoS2 from compressive (∼0.23%) to tensile (∼0.14%) as verified through Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies and substantiated by density functional theory calculations. The device architecture, on silicon substrate, integrates an MoS2 field-effect transistor on a metal-piezoelectric-metal stack enabling strain modulation of transistor drain current (130×), on/off ratio (150×), and mobility (1.19×) with high precision, reversibility, and resolution. Large, tunable tensile (1056) and compressive (-1498) strain gauge factors, electrical strain modulation, and high thermal tolerance promise facile integration with silicon-based CMOS and micro-electromechanical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abin Varghese
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- IITB-Monash
Research Academy, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Adityanarayan H. Pandey
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Yuefeng Yin
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Nikhil V. Medhekar
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Saurabh Lodha
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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4
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Xie X, Leng P, Ding Z, Yang J, Yan J, Zhou J, Li Z, Ai L, Cao X, Jia Z, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Zhu W, Gao Y, Dong S, Xiu F. Surface photogalvanic effect in Ag 2Te. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5651. [PMID: 38969644 PMCID: PMC11226672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) in non-centrosymmetric materials has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its potential to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit. Although these materials are strictly constrained by symmetry, progress has been made in artificially reducing symmetry to stimulate BPVE in wider systems. However, the complexity of these techniques has hindered their practical implementation. In this study, we demonstrate a large intrinsic photocurrent response in centrosymmetric topological insulator Ag2Te, attributed to the surface photogalvanic effect (SPGE), which is induced by symmetry reduction of the surface. Through diverse spatially-resolved measurements on specially designed devices, we directly observe that SPGE in Ag2Te arises from the difference between two opposite photocurrent flows generated from the top and bottom surfaces. Acting as an efficient SPGE material, Ag2Te demonstrates robust performance across a wide spectral range from visible to mid-infrared, making it promising for applications in solar cells and mid-infrared detectors. More importantly, SPGE generated on low-symmetric surfaces can potentially be found in various systems, thereby inspiring a broader range of choices for photovoltaic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232, China
| | - Pengliang Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232, China
| | - Zhenyu Ding
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jinshan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Jingyi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Junchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232, China
| | - Zihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232, China
| | - Linfeng Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232, China
| | - Xiangyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232, China
| | - Zehao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232, China
| | - Yuda Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232, China
| | - Minhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232, China
| | - Wenguang Zhu
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Shaoming Dong
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Faxian Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232, China.
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, 201315, China.
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5
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Ganski CM, De Palma AC, Yu ET. Enhanced Electromechanical Response Due to Inhomogeneous Strain in Monolayer MoS 2. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7903-7910. [PMID: 38899791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit exceptional resilience to mechanical deformation. Applied strain can have pronounced effects on properties such as the bandgaps and exciton dynamics of TMDs, via deformation potentials and electromechanical coupling. In this work, we use piezoresponse force microscopy to show that the inhomogeneous strain from nanobubbles produces dramatic, localized enhancements of the electromechanical response of monolayer MoS2. Nanobubbles with diameters under 100 nm consistently produce an increased piezoresponse that follows the features' topography, while larger bubbles exhibit a halo-like profile, with maximum piezoresponse near the periphery. We show that spatial filtering enables these effects to be eliminated in the quantitative determination of effective piezoelectric or flexoelectric coefficients. Numerical strain modeling reveals a correlation between the hydrostatic strain gradient and the effective piezoelectric coefficient in large MoS2 nanobubbles, suggesting a localized variation in electromechanical coupling due to symmetry reduction induced by inhomogeneous strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Ganski
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Alex C De Palma
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Edward T Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Microelectronics Research Center, Chandra Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
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6
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Yang M, Huang H, Zhao W. Novel two-dimensional HfSi 2N 4 monolayer with excellent bandgap modulation and electronic properties modulation. J Mol Model 2024; 30:238. [PMID: 38954080 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The bandgap modulation and electronic properties modulation of two-dimensional HfSi2N4 monolayer induced by strain, electric field and atomic adsorption are studied by first principles. The HfSi2N4 monolayer was found to be dynamically, thermally, and mechanically stable at equilibrium, and it is a direct semiconductor with a bandgap of 1.87 eV. The bandgap of the HfSi2N4 monolayer can be precisely modulated by strain. Under the action of strain, HfSi2N4 monolayer not only transforms from direct semiconductor to indirect semiconductor, but also improves the absorption of visible light. An external electric field in the 0-0.5 eV/Å range can also modulate the bandgap of HfSi2N4 monolayer from 1.87 eV to 0 eV, and most importantly, at an external electric field of 0.5 eV/Å, HfSi2N4 monolayer shows the characteristics of spin gapless semiconductor. The calculated adsorption energy shows that the structures of H, O and F atoms adsorbed by HfSi2N4 monolayer can all exist stably. The bandgap of the configuration after adsorption of O and F atoms is significantly reduced compared with that of HfSi2N4 monolayer. Furthermore, the HfSi2N4 monolayer after adsorption of H and F atoms is transformed into a magnetic semiconductor. METHOD: All calculations were performed using Vienna ab initial simulation package, The electronic structure, mechanical properties, electronic properties and other properties were carried out using generalized gradient approximation (GGA-PBE), supplemented by HSE06 and GGA + U. The total-energy and force convergence are less than 10-6 eV and 0.001 eV/Å, respectively. The vacuum on the z-axis is selected 20 Å. The vdW interactions were corrected using the Grimme scheme (DFT-D3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, 442002, China
| | - Haiming Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, 442002, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Power Battery, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, 442002, China.
| | - Wenyu Zhao
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, 442002, China
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7
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Gao H, Wang Z, Cao J, Lin YC, Ling X. Advancing Nanoelectronics Applications: Progress in Non-van der Waals 2D Materials. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16343-16358. [PMID: 38899467 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Extending the inventory of two-dimensional (2D) materials remains highly desirable, given their excellent properties and wide applications. Current studies on 2D materials mainly focus on the van der Waals (vdW) materials since the discovery of graphene, where properties of atomically thin layers have been found to be distinct from their bulk counterparts. Beyond vdW materials, there are abundant non-vdW materials that can also be thinned down to 2D forms, which are still in their early stage of exploration. In this review, we focus on the downscaling of non-vdW materials into 2D forms to enrich the 2D materials family. This underexplored group of 2D materials could show potential promise in many areas such as electronics, optics, and magnetics, as has happened in the vdW 2D materials. Hereby, we will focus our discussion on their electronic properties and applications of them. We aim to motivate and inspire fellow researchers in the 2D materials community to contribute to the development of 2D materials beyond the widely studied vdW layered materials for electronic device applications. We also give our insights into the challenges and opportunities to guide researchers who are desirous of working in this promising research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongze Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Zifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Yuxuan Cosmi Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University 575 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xi Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University 15 St Mary's Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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8
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Zeng Z, Tian Z, Wang Y, Ge C, Strauß F, Braun K, Michel P, Huang L, Liu G, Li D, Scheele M, Chen M, Pan A, Wang X. Dual polarization-enabled ultrafast bulk photovoltaic response in van der Waals heterostructures. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5355. [PMID: 38918419 PMCID: PMC11199638 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49760-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) originating from spontaneous charge polarizations can reach high conversion efficiency exceeding the Shockley-Queisser limit. Emerging van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures provide the ideal platform for BPVE due to interfacial interactions naturally breaking the crystal symmetries of the individual constituents and thus inducing charge polarizations. Here, we show an approach to obtain ultrafast BPVE by taking advantage of dual interfacial polarizations in vdW heterostructures. While the in-plane polarization gives rise to the BPVE in the overlayer, the charge carrier transfer assisted by the out-of-plane polarization further accelerates the interlayer electronic transport and enhances the BPVE. We illustrate the concept in MoS2/black phosphorus heterostructures, where the experimentally observed intrinsic BPVE response time achieves 26 ps, orders of magnitude faster than that of conventional non-centrosymmetric materials. Moreover, the heterostructure device possesses an extrinsic response time of approximately 2.2 ns and a bulk photovoltaic coefficient of 0.6 V-1, which is among the highest values for vdW BPV devices reported so far. Our study thus points to an effective way of designing ultrafast BPVE for high-speed photodetection.
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Grants
- the National Key Research and Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology (Nos. 2022YFA1204300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52022029, 52302175, 52221001, U23A20570, 92263107, 62090035, 12174098), the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 2023JJ40138, 2022JJ30142),
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouxiaosong Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and LISA, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications (SICQEA), School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yufan Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Cuihuan Ge
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Fabian Strauß
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and LISA, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and LISA, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Michel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and LISA, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lanyu Huang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Guixian Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and LISA, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mingxing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications (SICQEA), School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
- Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications (SICQEA), School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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9
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Liao C, Wang M, Zhao YJ. Enormous and Tunable Bulk Charge/Spin Photovoltaic Effect in Piezoelectric Binary Materials T-IV-VI and T-V-V. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6099-6107. [PMID: 38820592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the nonlinear response of light and materials is crucial for fundamental physics and next-generation electronic devices. In this work, we have investigated the second-order nonlinear bulk photovoltaic (BPV) and bulk spin photovoltaic (BSPV) effects in the piezoelectric binary materials T-IV-VI and T-V-V (IV = Ge, Sn; VI = S, Se; and V = P, As, Sb, Bi). The independent nonzero conductivity tensors of charge current are derived for these binaries through the symmetry analysis, along with the mechanism for generating pure spin current. These binaries, with their unique folded structure, exhibit significant charge and spin currents under illumination. Furthermore, we find that strain engineering can effectively modulate charge/spin currents by influencing charge density distribution and built-in electric field due to the piezoelectric effect. Our research suggests that the piezoelectric binary materials possess enormous and tunable charge/spin currents, underscoring their potential for applications in nonlinear flexible optoelectronics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Liao
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Minglong Wang
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhao
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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10
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Yu J, Huang B, Yang S, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Song C, Ming W, Liu W, Wang J, Li C, Wang Q, Li J. Flexoelectric Engineering of Bulk Photovoltaic Photodetector. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6337-6343. [PMID: 38742772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) offers an interesting approach to generate a steady photocurrent in a single-phase material under homogeneous illumination, and it has been extensively investigated in ferroelectrics exhibiting spontaneous polarization that breaks inversion symmetry. Flexoelectricity breaks inversion symmetry via a strain gradient in the otherwise nonpolar materials, enabling manipulation of ferroelectric order without an electric field. Combining these two effects, we demonstrate active mechanical control of BPVE in suspended 2-dimensional CuInP2S6 (CIPS) that is ferroelectric yet sensitive to electric field, which enables practical photodetection with an order of magnitude enhancement in performance. The suspended CIPS exhibits a 20-fold increase in photocurrent, which can be continuously modulated by either mechanical force or light polarization. The flexoelectrically engineered photodetection device, activated by air pressure and without any optimization, possesses a responsivity of 2.45 × 10-2 A/W and a detectivity of 1.73 × 1011 jones, which are superior to those of ferroelectric-based photodetection and comparable to those of the commercial Si photodiode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Yu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610100, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyuan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Songjie Yang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610100, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinxin Bai
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlin Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Ming
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjian Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610100, People's Republic of China
- Failure Mechanics and Engineering Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangyu Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
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11
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Sun RX, Hu Z, Zhao X, Zha MJ, Zhang J, Chen XD, Liu Z, Tian J. Strain-Prompted Giant Flexo-Photovoltaic Effect in Two-Dimensional Violet Phosphorene Nanosheets. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13298-13307. [PMID: 38727530 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
As a second-order nonlinear optical phenomenon, the bulk photovoltaic (BPV) effect is expected to break through the Shockley-Queisser limit of thermodynamic photoelectron conversion and improve the energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells. Here, we have successfully induced a strong flexo-photovoltaic (FPV) effect, a form of BPV effect, in strained violet phosphorene nanosheets (VPNS) by utilizing strain engineering at the h-BN nanoedge, which was first observed in nontransition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) systems. This BPV effect was found to originate from the disruption of inversion symmetry induced by uniaxial strain applied to VPNS at the h-BN nanoedge. We have revealed the intricate relationship between the bulk photovoltaic effect and strain gradients in VPNS through thickness-dependent photovoltaic response experiments. A bulk photovoltaic coefficient of up to 1.3 × 10-3 V-1 and a polarization extinction ratio of 21.6 have been achieved by systematically optimizing the height of the h-BN nanoedge and the thickness of VPNS, surpassing those of reported TMD materials (typically less than 3). Our results have revealed the fundamental relationship between the FPV effect and the strain gradients in low-dimensional materials and inspired further exploration of optoelectronic phenomena in strain-gradient engineered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Xuan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xuewen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Ming-Jie Zha
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xu-Dong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jianguo Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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12
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Zheng K, Vegge T, Castelli IE. Giant In-Plane Flexoelectricity and Radial Polarization in Janus IV-VI Monolayers and Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:19369-19378. [PMID: 38587821 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Nanotubes have established a new paradigm in nanoscience because of their atomically thin geometries and intriguing properties. However, because of their typical metastability compared to their 2D and 3D counterparts, it is still fundamentally challenging to synthesize nanotubes with controlled size. New strategies have been suggested for synthesizing nanotubes with a controlled geometry. One of these is considering Janus 2D layers, which can self-roll to form a nanotube. Herein, we study 412 nanotubes (along the armchair and zigzag directions) based on 36 Janus IV-VI compounds using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. By investigating the energy-radius relationship using structural models and Bayesian predictions, the most stable nanotubes show negative strain energies and radii below 20 Å, where curvature effects can play a significant role. The band structures show that the selected nanotubes exhibit sizable band gaps and size-dependent electronic properties. More strikingly, the flexoelectricity along the in-plane directions and radial directions in these nanotubes is significantly larger than that in other nanotubes and their 2D counterparts. This work opens up an avenue of structure-property relationships of Janus IV-VI nanotubes and demonstrates giant flexoelectricity in these nanotubes for future electronic and energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby Kgs., Denmark
| | - Tejs Vegge
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby Kgs., Denmark
| | - Ivano E Castelli
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby Kgs., Denmark
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13
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Wang W, Xiao Y, Li T, Lu X, Xu N, Cao Y. Piezo-photovoltaic Effect in Monolayer 2H-MoS 2. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3549-3553. [PMID: 38526184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Noncentrosymmetric bulk materials effectively convert light energy into electricity by making use of the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE). However, whether such an effect persists when reducing the thickness of materials down to atomic-scale remains to be revealed. Here, we show the piezo-photovoltaic effect in atomically thin two-dimensional materials, where the strain-induced polarization can generate photovoltaic outputs in the noncentrosymmetric mono- and few-layer 2H-MoS2 crystals. The photocurrent is enhanced by orders of magnitude when the MoS2 crystals experience an in-plane strain of about 0.2%, with photopower-dependent responsivity up to 0.1 A/W that rivals other state-of-the-art BPVE materials. In addition, studies on the spatial distributions of photocurrents on MoS2 with a controlled number of layers also allow us to disentangle various factors that couple the piezoelectricity and photovoltaics. Therefore, our results also provide insights into the mechanisms of the piezo-photovoltaic effect in two-dimensional materials with thicknesses at the atomic-scale limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Teng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiangchao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Na Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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14
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Wu X, Qi L, Iqbal MA, Dai S, Weng X, Wu K, Kang C, Li Z, Zhao D, Tang W, Zhuge F, Zhai T, Ruan S, Zeng YJ. Revealing Strong Flexoelectricity and Optoelectronic Coupling in 2D Ferroelectric CuInP 2S 6 Via Large Strain Gradient. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:14038-14046. [PMID: 38445951 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between flexoelectric and optoelectronic characteristics provides a paradigm for studying emerging phenomena in various 2D materials. However, an effective way to induce a large and tunable strain gradient in 2D devices remains to be exploited. Herein, we propose a strategy to induce large flexoelectric effect in 2D ferroelectric CuInP2S6 by constructing a 1D-2D mixed-dimensional heterostructure. The strong flexoelectric effect is induced by enormous strain gradient up to 4.2 × 106 m-1 resulting from the underlying ZnO nanowires, which is further confirmed by the asymmetric coercive field and the red-shift in the absorption edge. The induced flexoelectric polarization efficiently boosts the self-powered photodetection performance. In addition, the improved photoresponse has a good correlation with the induced strain gradient, showing a consistent size-dependent flexoelectric effect. The mechanism of flexoelectric and optoelectronic coupling is proposed based on the Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire double-well model, supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work provides a brand-new method to induce a strong flexoelectric effect in 2D materials, which is not restricted to crystal symmetry and thus offers unprecedented opportunities for state-of-the-art 2D devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Lu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Sichao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Weng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Kewen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Chenxu Kang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zelong Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Duo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Wei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Fuwei Zhuge
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Shuangchen Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jia Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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15
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Shi X, Nazirkar NP, Kashikar R, Karpov D, Folarin S, Barringer Z, Williams S, Kiefer B, Harder R, Cha W, Yuan R, Liu Z, Xue D, Lookman T, Ponomareva I, Fohtung E. Enhanced Piezoelectric Response at Nanoscale Vortex Structures in Ferroelectrics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7522-7530. [PMID: 38290474 PMCID: PMC10876051 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The piezoelectric response is a measure of the sensitivity of a material's polarization to stress or its strain to an applied field. Using in operando X-ray Bragg coherent diffraction imaging, we observe that topological vortices are the source of a 5-fold enhancement of the piezoelectric response near the vortex core. The vortices form where several low-symmetry ferroelectric phases and phase boundaries coalesce. Unlike bulk ferroelectric solid solutions in which a large piezoelectric response is associated with coexisting phases in the proximity of the triple point, the largest responses for pure BaTiO3 at the nanoscale are in spatial regions of extremely small spontaneous polarization at vortex cores. The response decays inversely with polarization away from the vortex, analogous to the behavior in bulk ceramics as the cation compositions are varied away from the triple point. We use first-principles-based molecular dynamics to augment our observations, and our results suggest that nanoscale piezoelectric materials with a large piezoelectric response can be designed within a parameter space governed by vortex cores. Our findings have implications for the development of next-generation nanoscale piezoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Shi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New
York 12180, United States
| | - Nimish Prashant Nazirkar
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New
York 12180, United States
| | - Ravi Kashikar
- Department
of Physics, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, ISA 5103, Tampa, Florida 33620-5700, United States
| | - Dmitry Karpov
- ESRF
- The European Synchrotron, ID16A Beamline, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Shola Folarin
- Department
of Physics, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, ISA 5103, Tampa, Florida 33620-5700, United States
| | - Zachary Barringer
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New
York 12180, United States
| | - Skye Williams
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New
York 12180, United States
| | - Boris Kiefer
- Department
of Physics, New Mexico State University, 1255 North Horseshoe, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Ross Harder
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Wonsuk Cha
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ruihao Yuan
- State Key
Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department
of Materials Science, Technical University
of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Dezhen Xue
- State Key
Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Turab Lookman
- AiMaterials
Research LLC, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, United States
| | - Inna Ponomareva
- Department
of Physics, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, ISA 5103, Tampa, Florida 33620-5700, United States
| | - Edwin Fohtung
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New
York 12180, United States
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16
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Wang J, Han N, Lin Z, Hu S, Tian R, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Gan X. A giant intrinsic photovoltaic effect in atomically thin ReS 2. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3101-3106. [PMID: 38250820 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05355e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The photovoltaic (PV) effect in non-centrosymmetric materials consisting of a single component under homogeneous illumination can exceed the fundamental Shockley-Queisser limit compared to the traditional p-n junctions. Two-dimensional (2D) materials with a reduced dimensionality and smaller bandgap were predicated to be better candidates for the PV effect with high efficiency exceeding that of traditional ferroelectric perovskite oxides. Here, we report the giant intrinsic PV effect in atomically thin rhenium disulfide (ReS2) with centrosymmetry breaking. In graphene/ReS2/graphene sandwich structures, significant short-circuit currents (Isc) were observed with illumination over the visible spectral range, presenting the highest responsivity (110 mA W-1) and external quantum efficiency (25.7%) among those reported PV effects in 2D materials. This giant PV effect could be ascribed to the spontaneous-polarization induced depolarization field in even-number-layered ReS2 flakes benefiting from the distorted 1T lattice structure. Our results provide a new potential candidate material for the development of novel high-efficiency, miniaturized and easily integrated photodetectors and solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China.
| | - Nannan Han
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Zhihua Lin
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Siqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China.
| | - Ruijuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China.
| | - Mingwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China.
| | - Jianlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China.
| | - Xuetao Gan
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China.
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17
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Zhou Y, Zhou X, Yu XL, Liang Z, Zhao X, Wang T, Miao J, Chen X. Giant intrinsic photovoltaic effect in one-dimensional van der Waals grain boundaries. Nat Commun 2024; 15:501. [PMID: 38218730 PMCID: PMC10787835 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The photovoltaic effect lies at the heart of eco-friendly energy harvesting. However, the conversion efficiency of traditional photovoltaic effect utilizing the built-in electric effect in p-n junctions is restricted by the Shockley-Queisser limit. Alternatively, intrinsic/bulk photovoltaic effect (IPVE/BPVE), a second-order nonlinear optoelectronic effect arising from the broken inversion symmetry of crystalline structure, can overcome this theoretical limit. Here, we uncover giant and robust IPVE in one-dimensional (1D) van der Waals (vdW) grain boundaries (GBs) in a layered semiconductor, ReS2. The IPVE-induced photocurrent densities in vdW GBs are among the highest reported values compared with all kinds of material platforms. Furthermore, the IPVE-induced photocurrent is gate-tunable with a polarization-independent component along the GBs, which is preferred for energy harvesting. The observed IPVE in vdW GBs demonstrates a promising mechanism for emerging optoelectronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiang-Long Yu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, 518048, China.
| | - Zihan Liang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Taihong Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jinshui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China.
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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18
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Wang YX, Li JG, Seifert G, Chang K, Zhang DB. Giant Flexoelectricity in Bent Semiconductor Thinfilm. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:411-416. [PMID: 38146896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
We elucidate the flexoelectricity of semiconductors in the high strain gradient regime, the underlying mechanism of which is less understood. By using the generalized Bloch theorem, we uncover a strong flexoelectric-like effect in bent thinfilms of Si and Ge due to a high-strain-gradient-induced band gap closure. We show that an unusual type-II band alignment is formed between the compressed and elongated sides of the bent film. Therefore, upon the band gap closure, electrons transfer from the compressed side to the elongated side to reach the thermodynamic equilibrium, leading to a pronounced change of polarization along the film thickness dimension. The obtained transverse flexoelectric coefficients are unexpectedly high with a quadratic dependence on the film thickness. This new mechanism is extendable to other semiconductor materials with moderate energy gaps. Our findings have important implications for the future applications of flexoelectricity in semiconductor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xun Wang
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Gao Li
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Gotthard Seifert
- Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden D-01062, Germany
| | - Kai Chang
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Bo Zhang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
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19
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Cheon CY, Sun Z, Cao J, Gonzalez Marin JF, Tripathi M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Luisier M, Kis A. Disorder-induced bulk photovoltaic effect in a centrosymmetric van der Waals material. NPJ 2D MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 7:74. [PMID: 38665484 PMCID: PMC11041738 DOI: 10.1038/s41699-023-00435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Sunlight is widely seen as one of the most abundant forms of renewable energy, with photovoltaic cells based on pn junctions being the most commonly used platform attempting to harness it. Unlike in conventional photovoltaic cells, the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) allows for the generation of photocurrent and photovoltage in a single material without the need to engineer a pn junction and create a built-in electric field, thus offering a solution that can potentially exceed the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit. However, it requires a material with no inversion symmetry and is therefore absent in centrosymmetric materials. Here, we demonstrate that breaking the inversion symmetry by structural disorder can induce BPVE in ultrathin PtSe2, a centrosymmetric semiconducting van der Waals material. Homogenous illumination of defective PtSe2 by linearly and circularly polarized light results in a photoresponse termed as linear photogalvanic effect (LPGE) and circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE), which is mostly absent in the pristine crystal. First-principles calculations reveal that LPGE originates from Se vacancies that act as asymmetric scattering centers for the photo-generated electron-hole pairs. Our work emphasizes the importance of defects to induce photovoltaic functionality in centrosymmetric materials and shows how the range of materials suitable for light sensing and energy-harvesting applications can be extended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Yeon Cheon
- Electrical Engineering Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zhe Sun
- Electrical Engineering Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jiang Cao
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juan Francisco Gonzalez Marin
- Electrical Engineering Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mukesh Tripathi
- Electrical Engineering Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044 Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044 Japan
| | - Mathieu Luisier
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andras Kis
- Electrical Engineering Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Zuo C, Su Q, Yu L. Research Progress in Composite Materials for Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation. Molecules 2023; 28:7277. [PMID: 37959696 PMCID: PMC10650292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonia is an essential component of modern chemical products and the building unit of natural life molecules. The Haber-Bosch (H-B) process is mainly used in the ammonia synthesis process in the industry. In this process, nitrogen and hydrogen react to produce ammonia with metal catalysts under high temperatures and pressure. However, the H-B process consumes a lot of energy and simultaneously emits greenhouse gases. In the "double carbon" effect, to promote the combination of photocatalytic technology and artificial nitrogen fixation, the development of green synthetic reactions has been widely discussed. Using an inexhaustible supply of sunlight as a power source, researchers have used photocatalysts to reduce nitrogen to ammonia, which is energy-dense and easy to store and transport. This process completes the conversion from light energy to chemical energy. At the same time, it achieves zero carbon emissions, reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution in industrial ammonia synthesis from the source. The application of photocatalytic technology in the nitrogen cycle has become one of the research hotspots in the new energy field. This article provides a classification of and an introduction to nitrogen-fixing photocatalysts reported in recent years and prospects the future development trends in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lei Yu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China; (C.Z.); (Q.S.)
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21
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Ling F, Ling Y, Liu X, Li L, Zhou X, Tang X, Jing C, Wang Y, Jiang S, Lu Y. Chirality dependent electromechanical properties of single-layer MoS 2 under out-of-plane deformation: a DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28510-28516. [PMID: 37847129 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) demonstrate significant promise in logic circuits and optoelectronic devices because of their unique structures and excellent semiconductor properties. However, they inevitably undergo out-of-plane deformation during practical applications due to their ultra-thin structures. Recent experiments have shown that out-of-plane deformation significantly affects the electronic structures of 2D TMDs. However, the underlying physical mechanism is largely unknown. Therefore, it is critical to have a deeper understanding of out-of-plane deformation in 2D TMDs to optimize their applications in different fields. Currently, one of the most pressing matters that requires clarification is the chirality dependence of out-of-plane deformation in tuning the electromechanical properties of 2D TMDs. In this work, using single-layer MoS2 as a probe, we systematically investigate the effects of out-of-plane deformation along different chirality directions on the bond length, bending stiffness, electric polarization, and band structure of 2D TMDs by employing first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. Our results indicate that the bond length, bending energy, polarization strength, and band gap size of single-layer MoS2 are isotropic under out-of-plane deformation, while the band gap type is closely related to the direction of deformation. Our study will provide an essential theoretical basis for further revealing the structure-performance relationship of 2D TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faling Ling
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China
| | - Yi Ling
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China.
| | - Li Li
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China.
| | - Xianju Zhou
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Tang
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China.
| | - Chuan Jing
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China.
| | - Yongjie Wang
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China.
| | - Sha Jiang
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P. R. China
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22
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Lin W, Tang C, Wang F, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Wu Q, Lei S, Zhang Y, Hou J. Building Low-Cost, High-Performance Flexible Photodetector Based on Tetragonal Phase VO 2 (A) Nanorod Networks. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6688. [PMID: 37895670 PMCID: PMC10607982 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a straightforward and cost-effective method for the fabrication of flexible photodetectors, utilizing tetragonal phase VO2 (A) nanorod (NR) networks. The devices exhibit exceptional photosensitivity, reproducibility, and stability in ambient conditions. With a 2.0 V bias voltage, the device demonstrates a photocurrent switching gain of 1982% and 282% under irradiation with light at wavelengths of 532 nm and 980 nm, respectively. The devices show a fast photoelectric response with rise times of 1.8 s and 1.9 s and decay times of 1.2 s and 1.7 s for light at wavelengths of 532 nm and 980 nm, respectively. In addition, the device demonstrates exceptional flexibility across large-angle bending and maintains excellent mechanical stability, even after undergoing numerous extreme bending cycles. We discuss the electron transport process within the nanorod networks, and propose a mechanism for the modulation of the barrier height induced by light. These characteristics reveal that the fabricated devices hold the potential to serve as a high-performance flexible photodetector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Lin
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (W.L.); (C.T.); (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Chaoyang Tang
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (W.L.); (C.T.); (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Feiyu Wang
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (W.L.); (C.T.); (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Yiyu Zhu
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (W.L.); (C.T.); (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (W.L.); (C.T.); (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (W.L.); (C.T.); (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Qiuqi Wu
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (W.L.); (C.T.); (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Shuguo Lei
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (W.L.); (C.T.); (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiwei Hou
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (W.L.); (C.T.); (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (S.L.)
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23
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Aftab S, Shehzad MA, Salman Ajmal HM, Kabir F, Iqbal MZ, Al-Kahtani AA. Bulk Photovoltaic Effect in Two-Dimensional Distorted MoTe 2. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17884-17896. [PMID: 37656985 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
In future solar cell technologies, the thermodynamic Shockley-Queisser limit for solar-to-current conversion in traditional p-n junctions could potentially be overcome with a bulk photovoltaic effect by creating an inversion broken symmetry in piezoelectric or ferroelectric materials. Here, we unveiled mechanical distortion-induced bulk photovoltaic behavior in a two-dimensional (2D) material, MoTe2, caused by the phase transition and broken inversion symmetry in MoTe2. The phase transition from single-crystalline semiconducting 2H-MoTe2 to semimetallic 1T'-MoTe2 was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We used a micrometer-scale system to measure the absorption of energy, which reduced from 800 to 63 meV during phase transformation from hexagonal to distorted octahedral and revealed a smaller bandgap semimetallic behavior. Experimentally, a large bulk photovoltaic response is anticipated with the maximum photovoltage VOC = 16 mV and a positive signal of the ISC = 60 μA (400 nm, 90.4 Wcm-2) in the absence of an external electric field. The maximum values of both R and EQE were found to be 98 mAW-1 and 30%, respectively. Our findings are distinctive features of the photocurrent responses caused by in-plane polarity and its potential from a wide pool of established TMD-based nanomaterials and a cutting-edge approach to optimize the efficiency in converting photons-to-electricity for power harvesting optoelectronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikandar Aftab
- Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Arslan Shehzad
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Salman Ajmal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Narowal Campus-University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Fahmid Kabir
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Muhammad Zahir Iqbal
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23640, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah A Al-Kahtani
- Chemistry Department, Collage of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Lun Y, Wang X, Kang J, Ren Q, Wang T, Han W, Gao Z, Huang H, Chen Y, Chen LQ, Fang D, Hong J. Ultralow Tip-Force Driven Sizable-Area Domain Manipulation through Transverse Flexoelectricity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302320. [PMID: 37358059 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic control of ferroelectric domain is critical in the ferroelectric functional electronics. Ferroelectric polarization can be manipulated mechanically with a nano-tip through flexoelectricity. However, it usually occurs in a very localized area in ultrathin films, with possible permanent surface damage caused by a large tip-force. Here it is demonstrated that the deliberate engineering of transverse flexoelectricity offers a powerful tool for improving the mechanical domain switching. Sizable-area domain switching under an ultralow tip-force can be realized in suspended van der Waals ferroelectrics with the surface intact, due to the enhanced transverse flexoelectric field. The film thickness range for domain switching in suspended ferroelectrics is significantly improved by an order of magnitude to hundreds of nanometers, being far beyond the limited range of the substrate-supported ones. The experimental results and phase-field simulations further reveal the crucial role of the transverse flexoelectricity in the domain manipulation. This large-scale mechanical manipulation of ferroelectric domain provides opportunities for the flexoelectricity-based domain controls in emerging low-dimensional ferroelectrics and related devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhuo Lun
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xueyun Wang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiaqian Kang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qi Ren
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tingjun Wang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wuxiao Han
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ziyan Gao
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Houbing Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yabin Chen
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Daining Fang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiawang Hong
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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25
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Liang Z, Zhou X, Zhang L, Yu XL, Lv Y, Song X, Zhou Y, Wang H, Wang S, Wang T, Shum PP, He Q, Liu Y, Zhu C, Wang L, Chen X. Strong bulk photovoltaic effect in engineered edge-embedded van der Waals structures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4230. [PMID: 37454221 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39995-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE), a second-order nonlinear optical effect governed by the quantum geometric properties of materials, offers a promising approach to overcome the Shockley-Quiesser limit of traditional photovoltaic effect and further improve the efficiency of energy harvesting. Here, we propose an effective platform, the nano edges embedded in assembled van der Waals (vdW) homo- or hetero-structures with strong symmetry breaking, low dimensionality and abundant species, for BPVE investigations. The BPVE-induced photocurrents strongly depend on the orientation of edge-embedded structures and polarization of incident light. Reversed photocurrent polarity can be observed at left and right edge-embedded structures. Our work not only visualizes the unique optoelectronic effect in vdW nano edges, but also provides an effective strategy for achieving BPVE in engineered vdW structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Liang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiang-Long Yu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yan Lv
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefen Song
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Yongheng Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Taihong Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Perry Ping Shum
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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26
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Jiang X, Kang L, Wang J, Huang B. Giant Bulk Electrophotovoltaic Effect in Heteronodal-Line Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:256902. [PMID: 37418709 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.256902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The realization of a giant and continuously tunable second-order photocurrent is desired for many nonlinear optical (NLO) and optoelectronic applications, which remains a great challenge. Here, based on a two-band model, we propose a concept of the bulk electrophotovoltaic effect, that is, an out-of-plane external electric field (E_{ext}) that can continuously tune in-plane shift current along with its sign flip in a heteronodal-line (HNL) system. While strong linear optical transition around the nodal loop may potentially generate giant shift current, an E_{ext} can effectively control the radius of the nodal loop, which can continuously modulate the shift-vector components inside and outside the nodal loop holding opposite signs. This concept has been demonstrated in the HNL HSnN/MoS_{2} system using first-principles calculations. The HSnN/MoS_{2} heterobilayer can not only produce a shift-current conductivity with magnitude that is one to two orders larger than other reported systems, but it can also realize a giant bulk electrophotovoltaic effect. Our finding opens new routes to create and manipulate NLO responses in 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Kang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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27
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Wang C, You L, Cobden D, Wang J. Towards two-dimensional van der Waals ferroelectrics. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:542-552. [PMID: 36690757 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01422-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of ferroelectricity in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials has brought important functionalities to the 2D materials family, and may trigger a revolution in next-generation nanoelectronics and spintronics. In this Perspective, we briefly review recent progress in the field of 2D vdW ferroelectrics, focusing on the mechanisms that drive spontaneous polarization in 2D systems, unique properties brought about by the reduced lattice dimensionality and promising applications of 2D vdW ferroelectrics. We finish with an outlook for challenges that need to be addressed and our view on possible future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanshou Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - David Cobden
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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28
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Zhang S, Maruyama M, Okada S, Xue M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Hashimoto K, Miyata Y, Canton-Vitoria R, Kitaura R. Observation of the photovoltaic effect in a van der Waals heterostructure. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5948-5953. [PMID: 36883438 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06616e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, which can be assembled with various two-dimensional materials, provide a versatile platform for exploring emergent phenomena. Here, we report an observation of the photovoltaic effect in a WS2/MoS2 vdW heterostructure. Light excitation of WS2/MoS2 at a wavelength of 633 nm yields a photocurrent without applying bias voltages, and the excitation power dependence of the photocurrent shows characteristic crossover from a linear to square root dependence. Photocurrent mapping has clearly shown that the observed photovoltaic effect arises from the WS2/MoS2 region, not from Schottky junctions at electrode contacts. Kelvin probe microscopy observations show no slope in the electrostatic potential, excluding the possibility that the photocurrent originates from an unintentionally formed built-in potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Mina Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Susumu Okada
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Mengsong Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hashimoto
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Miyata
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | | | - Ryo Kitaura
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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29
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Guo D, Guo P, Ren L, Yao Y, Wang W, Jia M, Wang Y, Wang L, Wang ZL, Zhai J. Silicon flexoelectronic transistors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd3310. [PMID: 36897950 PMCID: PMC10005167 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
It is extraordinarily challenging to implement adaptive and seamless interactions between mechanical triggering and current silicon technology for tunable electronics, human-machine interfaces, and micro/nanoelectromechanical systems. Here, we report Si flexoelectronic transistors (SFTs) that can innovatively convert applied mechanical actuations into electrical control signals and achieve directly electromechanical function. Using the strain gradient-induced flexoelectric polarization field in Si as a "gate," the metal-semiconductor interfacial Schottky barriers' heights and the channel width of SFT can be substantially modulated, resulting in tunable electronic transports with specific characteristics. Such SFTs and corresponding perception system can not only create a high strain sensitivity but also identify where the mechanical force is applied. These findings provide an in-depth understanding about the mechanism of interface gating and channel width gating in flexoelectronics and develop highly sensitive silicon-based strain sensors, which has great potential to construct the next-generation silicon electromechanical nanodevices and nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Guo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Pengwen Guo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lele Ren
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Jia
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. (L.W.); (Z.L.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Corresponding author. (L.W.); (Z.L.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Junyi Zhai
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. (L.W.); (Z.L.W.); (J.Z.)
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30
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You L, Abdelsamie A, Zhou Y, Chang L, Lim ZS, Wang J. Revisiting the Ferroelectric Photovoltaic Properties of Vertical BiFeO 3 Capacitors: A Comprehensive Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12070-12077. [PMID: 36825749 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ferroelectric photovoltaic effect has been extensively studied for possible applications in energy conversion and photo-electrics. The reversible spontaneous polarization gives rise to a switchable photovoltaic behavior. However, despite its long history, the origin of the ferroelectric photovoltaic effect still lacks a full understanding since multiple mechanisms such as bulk and Schottky-barrier-related interface effects are involved. Herein, we report a comprehensive study on the photovoltaic response of BiFeO3-based vertical heterostructures, using multiple strategies to clarify its origin. We found that, under white light illumination, polarization-modulated Schottky barrier at the interface is the dominating mechanism. By varying the top metal contacts, only the photovoltaic effect of the polarization downward state is strongly modulated, suggesting selective interface contribution in different polarization states. A Schottky-barrier-free device shows negligible photovoltaic effect, suggesting the lack of bulk photovoltaic effect in vertical heterostructures under white light illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, 1 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Amr Abdelsamie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Yang Zhou
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Zhi Shiuh Lim
- Physics Department, National University of Singapore, Block S12, #2 Science Drive 3, 117551 Singapore
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Physics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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31
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Qi Y, Sadi MA, Hu D, Zheng M, Wu Z, Jiang Y, Chen YP. Recent Progress in Strain Engineering on Van der Waals 2D Materials: Tunable Electrical, Electrochemical, Magnetic, and Optical Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2205714. [PMID: 35950446 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Strain engineering is a promising way to tune the electrical, electrochemical, magnetic, and optical properties of 2D materials, with the potential to achieve high-performance 2D-material-based devices ultimately. This review discusses the experimental and theoretical results from recent advances in the strain engineering of 2D materials. Some novel methods to induce strain are summarized and then the tunable electrical and optical/optoelectronic properties of 2D materials via strain engineering are highlighted, including particularly the previously less-discussed strain tuning of superconducting, magnetic, and electrochemical properties. Also, future perspectives of strain engineering are given for its potential applications in functional devices. The state of the survey presents the ever-increasing advantages and popularity of strain engineering for tuning properties of 2D materials. Suggestions and insights for further research and applications in optical, electronic, and spintronic devices are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Qi
- Department of Engineering Science, Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Av. Wai Long, Macao SAR, China
| | - Mohammad A Sadi
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Engineering Science, Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Av. Wai Long, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Zhenping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Yucheng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Yong P Chen
- Department of Engineering Science, Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Av. Wai Long, Macao SAR, China
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Birck Nanotechnology Center and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy and Villum Center for Hybrid Quantum Materials and Devices, Aarhus University, Aarhus-C, 8000, Denmark
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Shi R, Wu Y, Xin Z, Guo J, Li Z, Zhao B, Peng R, Li C, Wang E, Wang B, Zhang X, Cheng C, Liu K. Liquid Precursor-Guided Phase Engineering of Single-Crystal VO 2 Beams. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301421. [PMID: 36808416 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The study of VO2 flourishes due to its rich competing phases induced by slight stoichiometry variations. However, the vague mechanism of stoichiometry manipulation makes the precise phase engineering of VO2 still challenging. Here, stoichiometry manipulation of single-crystal VO2 beams in liquid-assisted growth is systematically studied. Contrary to previous experience, oxygen-rich VO2 phases are abnormally synthesized under a reduced oxygen concentration, revealing the important function of liquid V2 O5 precursor: It submerges VO2 crystals and stabilizes their stoichiometric phase (M1) by isolating them from the reactive atmosphere, while the uncovered crystals are oxidized by the growth atmosphere. By varying the thickness of liquid V2 O5 precursor and thus the exposure time of VO2 to the atmosphere, various VO2 phases (M1, T, and M2) can be selectively stabilized. Furthermore, this liquid precursor-guided growth can be used to spatially manages multiphase structures in single VO2 beams, enriching their deformation modes for actuation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Shi
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yonghuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zeqin Xin
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zonglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bochen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ruixuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Enze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bolun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Shi J, Mao K, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Long F, Wen L, Hou Y, Li X, Ma Y, Yue Y, Li L, Zhi C, Gao Y. An Air-Rechargeable Zn Battery Enabled by Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Cathode. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:53. [PMID: 36795246 PMCID: PMC9935787 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-charging power systems collecting energy harvesting technology and batteries are attracting extensive attention. To solve the disadvantages of the traditional integrated system, such as highly dependent on energy supply and complex structure, an air-rechargeable Zn battery based on MoS2/PANI cathode is reported. Benefited from the excellent conductivity desolvation shield of PANI, the MoS2/PANI cathode exhibits ultra-high capacity (304.98 mAh g-1 in N2 and 351.25 mAh g-1 in air). In particular, this battery has the ability to collect, convert and store energy simultaneously by an air-rechargeable process of the spontaneous redox reaction between the discharged cathode and O2 from air. The air-rechargeable Zn batteries display a high open-circuit voltage (1.15 V), an unforgettable discharge capacity (316.09 mAh g-1 and the air-rechargeable depth is 89.99%) and good air-recharging stability (291.22 mAh g-1 after 50 air recharging/galvanostatic current discharge cycle). Most importantly, both our quasi-solid zinc ion batteries and batteries modules have excellent performance and practicability. This work will provide a promising research direction for the material design and device assembly of the next-generation self-powered system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Shi
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Physics, Center for Nanoscale Characterization & Devices (CNCD), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Mao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Physics, Center for Nanoscale Characterization & Devices (CNCD), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Physics, Center for Nanoscale Characterization & Devices (CNCD), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zunyu Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Physics, Center for Nanoscale Characterization & Devices (CNCD), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Long
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Physics, Center for Nanoscale Characterization & Devices (CNCD), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Physics, Center for Nanoscale Characterization & Devices (CNCD), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Hou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Physics, Center for Nanoscale Characterization & Devices (CNCD), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinliang Li
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Materials of New Energy Vehicles and School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, 442002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yue
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Physics, Center for Nanoscale Characterization & Devices (CNCD), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luying Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Physics, Center for Nanoscale Characterization & Devices (CNCD), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyi Zhi
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihua Gao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Physics, Center for Nanoscale Characterization & Devices (CNCD), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Materials of New Energy Vehicles and School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, 442002, People's Republic of China.
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Xie Z, Wang J, Yeow JTW. Flexible Multi-Element Photothermoelectric Detectors Based on Spray-Coated Graphene/Polyethylenimine Composites for Nondestructive Testing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5921-5930. [PMID: 36649212 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photothermoelectric (PTE) detectors receive much attention owing to the superiority of self-powered, non-bias input, and friendly ambient environments, facilitating abundant prospective applications in industrial inspection, medical diagnostics, homeland security, and wearable Internet of Things. However, many drawbacks of currently applicable PTE materials, involving unstable material oxidation, an uncontrollable fabrication process, and unscalable manufacturing, hinder the development of industrial productions. Herein, we demonstrate a vertical graphene/polyethylenimine composite PTE detector fabricated with an optimized spray-coating method in compact alignment on various surfaces, achieving a significant photovoltage detectivity and responsivity of 6.05 × 107 cm Hz1/2 W-1 and 2.7 V W-1 response at a 973 K blackbody temperature radiation (2.98 μm peak wavelength). In addition, the long-term stability and resistible concave and convex bending flexibility are presented. Furthermore, a nondestructive testing system is established and verified through high-spatial-resolution and high-penetration illustration. Overall, the spray-coated and flexible PTE graphene/polyethylenimine multi-elements with broadband infrared absorption compatibility and stable energy conversion are promising candidates for future health monitoring and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhemiao Xie
- Advanced Micro-/Nano-Devices Lab, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, OntarioN2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Advanced Micro-/Nano-Devices Lab, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, OntarioN2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John T W Yeow
- Advanced Micro-/Nano-Devices Lab, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, OntarioN2L 3G1, Canada
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35
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Yan D, Wang J, Xiang J, Xing Y, Shao LH. A flexoelectricity-enabled ultrahigh piezoelectric effect of a polymeric composite foam as a strain-gradient electric generator. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadc8845. [PMID: 36638177 PMCID: PMC9839323 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc8845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
All dielectric materials including ceramics, semiconductors, biomaterials, and polymers have the property of flexoelectricity, which opens a fertile avenue to sensing, actuation, and energy harvesting by a broad range of materials. However, the flexoelectricity of solids is weak at the macroscale. Here, we achieve an ultrahigh flexoelectric effect via a composite foam based on PDMS and CCTO nanoparticles. The mass- and deformability-specific flexoelectricity of the foam exceeds 10,000 times that of the solid matrix under compression, yielding a density-specific equivalent piezoelectric coefficient 120 times that of PZT. The flexoelectricity output remains stable in 1,000,000 deformation cycles, and a portable sample can power LEDs and charge mobile phones and Bluetooth headsets. Our work provides a route to exploiting flexible and light-weight materials with highly sensitive omnidirectional electromechanical coupling that have applications in sensing, actuation, and scalable energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongze Yan
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
- CAPT-HEDPS and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center of MoE, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Jinwu Xiang
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Xing
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Shao
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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36
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Wu T, Liu K, Liu S, Feng X, Wang X, Wang L, Qin Y, Wang ZL. Highly Efficient Flexocatalysis of Two-Dimensional Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208121. [PMID: 36333880 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis is vitally important for chemical engineering, energy, and environment. It is critical to discover new mechanisms for efficient catalysis. For piezoelectric/pyroelectric/ferroelectric materials that have a non-centrosymmetric structure, interfacial polarization-induced redox reactions at surfaces leads to advanced mechanocatalysis. Here, the first flexocatalysis for 2D centrosymmetric semiconductors, such as MnO2 nanosheets, is demonstrated largely expanding the polarization-based-mechanocatalysis to 2D centrosymmetric materials. Under ultrasonic excitation, the reactive species are created due to the strain-gradient-induced flexoelectric polarization in MnO2 nanosheets composed nanoflowers. The organic pollutants (Methylene Blue et al.) can be effectively degraded within 5 min; the performance of the flexocatalysis is comparable to that of state-of-the-art piezocatalysis, with excellent stability and reproducibility. Moreover, the factors related to flexocatalysis such as material morphology, adsorption, mechanical vibration intensity, and temperature are explored, which give deep insights into the mechanocatalysis. This study opens the field of flexoelectric effect-based mechanochemistry in 2D centrosymmetric semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Shuhai Liu
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of School of Materials and Energy, Lanzhou University, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xiaolong Feng
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Electron Microscopy, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Longfei Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of School of Materials and Energy, Lanzhou University, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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37
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Dong Y, Yang MM, Yoshii M, Matsuoka S, Kitamura S, Hasegawa T, Ogawa N, Morimoto T, Ideue T, Iwasa Y. Giant bulk piezophotovoltaic effect in 3R-MoS 2. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:36-41. [PMID: 36411374 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Given its innate coupling with wavefunction geometry in solids and its potential to boost the solar energy conversion efficiency, the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) has been of considerable interest in the past decade1-14. Initially discovered and developed in ferroelectric oxide materials2, the BPVE has now been explored in a wide range of emerging materials, such as Weyl semimetals9,10, van der Waals nanomaterials11,12,14, oxide superlattices15, halide perovskites16, organics17, bulk Rashba semiconductors18 and others. However, a feasible experimental approach to optimize the photovoltaic performance is lacking. Here we show that strain-induced polarization can significantly enhance the BPVE in non-centrosymmetric rhombohedral-type MoS2 multilayer flakes (that is, 3R-MoS2). This polarization-enhanced BPVE, termed the piezophotovoltaic effect, exhibits distinctive crystallographic orientation dependence, in that the enhancement mainly manifests in the armchair direction of the 3R-MoS2 lattice while remaining largely intact in the zigzag direction. Moreover, the photocurrent increases by over two orders of magnitude when an in-plane tensile strain of ~0.2% is applied, rivalling that of state-of-the-art materials. This work unravels the potential of strain engineering in boosting the photovoltaic performance, which could potentially promote the exploration of novel photoelectric processes in strained two-dimensional layered materials and their van der Waals heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ming-Min Yang
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Mao Yoshii
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuoka
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Sota Kitamura
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Hasegawa
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Ogawa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Japan
| | - Takahiro Morimoto
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Ideue
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Iwasa
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Japan.
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Zhang H, Xu H, Wang L, Ouyang C, Liang H, Zhong S. A Metal-Organic Frameworks Derived 1T-MoS 2 with Expanded Layer Spacing for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205736. [PMID: 36420945 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal phase molybdenum disulfide (1T-MoS2 ) is considered a promising electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its activated basal and superior electrical conductivity. Here, a one-step solvothermal route is developed to prepare 1T-MoS2 with expanded layer spacing through the derivatization of a Mo-based organic framework (Mo-MOFs). Benefiting from N,N-dimethylformamide oxide as external stress, the interplanar spacing of (002) of the MoS2 catalyst is extended to 10.87 Å, which represents the largest one for the 1T-MoS2 catalyst prepared by the bottom-up approach. Theoretical calculations reveal that the expanded crystal planes alter the electronic structure of 1T-MoS2 , lower the adsorption-desorption potentials of protons, and thus, trigger efficient catalytic activity for HER. The optimal 1T-MoS2 catalyst exhibits an overpotential of 98 mV at 10 mA cm-2 for HER, corresponding to a Tafel slope of 52 mV dec-1 . This Mo-MOFs-derived strategy provides a potential way to design high-performance catalysts by adjusting the layer spacing of 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Hualan Xu
- Analytical and Testing Center, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Chuying Ouyang
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Computational Materials Physics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Haiwei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shengliang Zhong
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
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Semak S, Kapustianyk V, Eliyashevskyy Y, Bovgyra O, Kovalenko M, Mostovoi U, Doudin B, Kundys B. On the photovoltaic effect asymmetry in ferroelectrics. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 35:094001. [PMID: 36544427 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aca579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite symmetrical polarization, the magnitude of a light-induced voltage is known to be asymmetric with respect to poling sign in many photovoltaic (PV) ferroelectrics (FEs). This asymmetry remains unclear and is often attributed to extrinsic effects. We show here for the first time that such an asymmetry can be intrinsic, steaming from the superposition of asymmetries of internal FE bias and electro-piezo-strictive deformation. This hypothesis is confirmed by the observed decrease of PV asymmetry for smaller FE bias. Moreover, the both PV effect and remanent polarization are found to increase under vacuum-induced expansion and to decrease for gas-induced compression, with tens percents tunability. The change in cations positions under pressure is analysed through the first-principle density functional theory calculations. The reported properties provide key insight for FE-based solar elements optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Semak
- Faculty of Physics, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Dragomanova 50, Lviv, UA79005, Ukraine
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - V Kapustianyk
- Faculty of Physics, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Dragomanova 50, Lviv, UA79005, Ukraine
| | - Yu Eliyashevskyy
- Faculty of Physics, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Dragomanova 50, Lviv, UA79005, Ukraine
| | - O Bovgyra
- Faculty of Physics, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Dragomanova 50, Lviv, UA79005, Ukraine
| | - M Kovalenko
- Faculty of Physics, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Dragomanova 50, Lviv, UA79005, Ukraine
| | - U Mostovoi
- Faculty of Physics, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Dragomanova 50, Lviv, UA79005, Ukraine
| | - B Doudin
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - B Kundys
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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40
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Li B, Wang Z, Zhao S, Hu C, Li L, Liu M, Zhu J, Zhou T, Zhang G, Jiang J, Zou C. Enhanced Pd/a-WO 3 /VO 2 Hydrogen Gas Sensor Based on VO 2 Phase Transition Layer. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200931. [PMID: 36287026 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of clean hydrogen energy is becoming more feasible for the sustainable development of this society. Considering the safety issues in the hydrogen production, storage, and utilization, a sensitive hydrogen sensor for reliable detection is essential and highly important. Though various gas sensor devices are developed based on tin oxide, tungsten trioxide, or other oxides, the relatively high working temperature, unsatisfactory response time, and detection limitation still affect the extensive applications. In the current study, an amorphous tungsten trioxide (a-WO3 ) layer is deposited on a phase-change vanadium dioxide film to fabricate a phase transition controlled Pd/a-WO3 /VO2 hydrogen sensor for hydrogen detection. Results show that both the response time and sensitivity of the hydrogen sensor are improved greatly if increasing the working temperature over the transition temperature of VO2 . Theoretical calculations also reveal that the charge transfer at VO2 /a-WO3 interface becomes more pronounced once the VO2 layer transforms to the metal state, which will affect the migration barrier of H atoms in a-WO3 layer and thus improve the sensor performance. The current study not only realizes a hydrogen sensor with ultrahigh performance based on VO2 layer, but also provides some clues for designing other gas sensors with phase-change material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Zhaowu Wang
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, P. R. China
| | - Shanguang Zhao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Changlong Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jinglin Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhou
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chongwen Zou
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
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41
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Tang JK, Wang YX, Chang K, Zhang DB. Polarization due to emergent polarity in elemental semiconductor thinfilms under bending. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 51:015501. [PMID: 36301713 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac9dd8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polarization via strain engineering provides a facial way to functionalize materials. We investigate the origin of electronic polarization in the bent elemental semiconductor thinfilms by combining analytical modeling with quantum mechanical simulation. A bond orbital model reveals a polarity of covalent bonds induced by strain gradient such that polarization along the strain gradient dimension can be induced, giving rise to the flexoelectric effect. At strain gradient1/R=0.01 nm-1, the net charge differences between the two sides are5×10-4e,2.5×10-3eand7.2×10-3efor C, Si and Ge films respectively. On the other hand, due to the emergent bond polarity, the polarization can be effectively tuned by normal strain applied to the bent film, mimicking the piezoelectric effect. Simulations using the generalized Bloch theorem strongly support this revelation. Findings have important implications for delineating the formation of polarization and related phenomena in semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-K Tang
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-X Wang
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - K Chang
- SKLSM, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 912, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - D-B Zhang
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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42
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Li Z, Ma D, Zhang Y, Luo Z, Weng L, Ding X, Wang L. Biomimetic 3D Recognition with 2D Flexible Nanoarchitectures for Ultrasensitive and Visual Extracellular Vesicle Detection. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14794-14800. [PMID: 36215207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite increasing recognition of extracellular vesicles being important circulating biomarkers in disease diagnosis and prognosis, current strategies for extracellular vesicle detection remain limited due to the compromised sample purification and extensive labeling procedures in complex body fluids. Here, we developed a 2D magnetic platform that greatly improves capture efficiency and readily realizes visible signal conversion for extracellular vesicle detection. The technology, termed high-affinity recognition and visual extracellular vesicle testing (HARVEST), leverages 2D flexible Fe3O4-MoS2 nanostructures to recognize extracellular vesicles through multidentate affinity binding and feasible magnetic separation, thus enhancing the extracellular vesicle capture performance with both yield and separation time, affording high sensitivity with the detection limit of 20 extracellular vesicle particles/μL. Through integration with lipid labeling chemistry and the fluorescence visualization system, the platform enables rapid and visible detection. The number of extracellular vesicles can be feasibly determined by smart mobile phones, readily adapted for point-of-care diagnosis. When clinically evaluated, the strategy accurately differentiates melanoma samples from the normal cohort with an AUC of 0.98, demonstrating the efficient extracellular vesicle detection strategy with 2D flexible platforms for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Die Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Zhimin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Lixing Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Xianguang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing210023, China
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43
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Cheng G, Jin Z, Zhao C, Zhou C, Li B, Wang J. Hexagonal Network of Photocurrent Enhancement in Few-Layer Graphene/InGaN Quantum Dot Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6964-6971. [PMID: 36006796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Strain in two-dimensional (2D) materials has attracted particular attention because of the remarkable modification of electronic and optical properties. However, emergent electromechanical phenomena and hidden mechanisms, such as strain-superlattice-induced topological states or flexoelectricity under strain gradient, remain under debate. Here, using scanning photocurrent microscopy, we observe significant photocurrent enhancement in hybrid vertical junction devices made of strained few-layer graphene and InGaN quantum dots. Optoelectronic response and photoluminescence measurements demonstrate a possible mechanism closely tied to the flexoelectric effect in few-layer graphene, where the strain can induce a lateral built-in electric field and assist the separation of electron-hole pairs. Photocurrent mapping reveals an unprecedentedly ordered hexagonal network, suggesting the potential to create a superlattice by strain engineering. Our work provides insights into optoelectronic phenomena in the presence of strain and paves the way for practical applications associated with strained 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Cheng
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zijing Jin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Chengjie Zhou
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Baikui Li
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiannong Wang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
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44
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Corletto A, Ellis AV, Shepelin NA, Fronzi M, Winkler DA, Shapter JG, Sherrell PC. Energy Interplay in Materials: Unlocking Next-Generation Synchronous Multisource Energy Conversion with Layered 2D Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203849. [PMID: 35918607 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Layered 2D crystals have unique properties and rich chemical and electronic diversity, with over 6000 2D crystals known and, in principle, millions of different stacked hybrid 2D crystals accessible. This diversity provides unique combinations of properties that can profoundly affect the future of energy conversion and harvesting devices. Notably, this includes catalysts, photovoltaics, superconductors, solar-fuel generators, and piezoelectric devices that will receive broad commercial uptake in the near future. However, the unique properties of layered 2D crystals are not limited to individual applications and they can achieve exceptional performance in multiple energy conversion applications synchronously. This synchronous multisource energy conversion (SMEC) has yet to be fully realized but offers a real game-changer in how devices will be produced and utilized in the future. This perspective highlights the energy interplay in materials and its impact on energy conversion, how SMEC devices can be realized, particularly through layered 2D crystals, and provides a vision of the future of effective environmental energy harvesting devices with layered 2D crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Corletto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Amanda V Ellis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Nick A Shepelin
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen, CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Marco Fronzi
- School of Mathematical and Physical Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - David A Winkler
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Joseph G Shapter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Peter C Sherrell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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45
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Cai S, Lun Y, Ji D, Lv P, Han L, Guo C, Zang Y, Gao S, Wei Y, Gu M, Zhang C, Gu Z, Wang X, Addiego C, Fang D, Nie Y, Hong J, Wang P, Pan X. Enhanced polarization and abnormal flexural deformation in bent freestanding perovskite oxides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5116. [PMID: 36045121 PMCID: PMC9433432 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent realizations of ultrathin freestanding perovskite oxides offer a unique platform to probe novel properties in two-dimensional oxides. Here, we observe a giant flexoelectric response in freestanding BiFeO3 and SrTiO3 in their bent state arising from strain gradients up to 3.5 × 107 m-1, suggesting a promising approach for realizing ultra-large polarizations. Additionally, a substantial change in membrane thickness is discovered in bent freestanding BiFeO3, which implies an unusual bending-expansion/shrinkage effect in the ferroelectric membrane that has never been seen before in crystalline materials. Our theoretical model reveals that this unprecedented flexural deformation within the membrane is attributable to a flexoelectricity-piezoelectricity interplay. The finding unveils intriguing nanoscale electromechanical properties and provides guidance for their practical applications in flexible nanoelectromechanical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhua Cai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong.
| | - Yingzhuo Lun
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dianxiang Ji
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Peng Lv
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lu Han
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Changqing Guo
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yipeng Zang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Si Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yifan Wei
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Min Gu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chunchen Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhengbin Gu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xueyun Wang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Christopher Addiego
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Daining Fang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.,State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems & Center for Applied Physics and Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuefeng Nie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Jiawang Hong
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. .,Irvine Materials Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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46
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Song S, Yang JH, Gong XG. Abnormally weak intervalley electron scattering in MoS 2 monolayer: insights from the matching between electron and phonon bands. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12007-12012. [PMID: 35938301 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02697j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is known that carrier mobility in layered semiconductors generally increases from two-dimensions (2D) to three-dimensions due to fewer scattering channels resulting from decreased densities of electron and phonon states. In this work, we find an abnormal decrease of electron mobility from monolayer to bulk MoS2. By carefully analyzing the scattering mechanisms, we can attribute such abnormality to the stronger intravalley scattering in the monolayer but weaker intervalley scattering caused by few intervalley scattering channels and weaker corresponding electron-phonon couplings compared to the bulk case. We show that it is the matching between the electronic band structure and phonon spectrum rather than their densities of electronic and phonon states that determines scattering channels. We propose, for the first time, the phonon-energy-resolved matching function to identify the intra- and inter-valley scattering channels. Furthermore, we show that multiple valleys do not necessarily lead to strong intervalley scattering if: (1) the scattering channels, which can be explicitly captured by the distribution of the matching function, are few due to the small matching between the corresponding electron and phonon bands; and/or (2) the multiple valleys are far apart in the reciprocal space and composed of out-of-plane orbitals so that the corresponding electron-phonon coupling strengths are weak. Consequently, the searching scope of high-mobility 2D materials can be reasonably enlarged using the matching function as useful guidance with the help of band edge orbital analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiru Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Institute of Computational Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ji-Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Institute of Computational Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200230, China
| | - Xin-Gao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Institute of Computational Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200230, China
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47
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Zhang Y, Zhou M, Yang M, Yu J, Li W, Li X, Feng S. Experimental Realization and Computational Investigations of B 2S 2 as a New 2D Material with Potential Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32330-32340. [PMID: 35796513 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new two-dimensional material B2S2 has been successfully synthesized for the first time and validated using first-principles calculations, with fundamental properties analyzed in detail. B2S2 has a similar structure as transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as MoS2, and the experimentally prepared free-standing B2S2 nanosheets show a uniform height profile lower than 1 nm. A thickness-modulated and unique oxidation-level dependent band gap of B2S2 is revealed by theoretical calculations, and vibration signatures are determined to offer a practical scheme for the characterization of B2S2. It is shown that the functionalized B2S2 is able to provide favorable sites for lithium adsorption with low diffusion barriers, and the prepared B2S2 shows a wide band photoluminescence response. These findings offer a feasible new and lighter member for the TMD-like 2D material family with potential for various aspects of applications, such as an anode material for Li-ion batteries and electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingyang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuyin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shijia Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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48
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Jariwala D. Functionalizing Van der Waals materials by shaping them. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:206. [PMID: 35790723 PMCID: PMC9256612 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A number of van der Waals materials can be gradually tuned from electron to hole conductance with an increasing or decreasing thickness, which offers a novel route to modulate nanoscale charge-carrier distribution and thus functionality in devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Jariwala
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Liu L, Chen W, Zheng Y. Flexoresponses of Synthetic Antiferromagnetic Systems Hosting Skyrmions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:257201. [PMID: 35802441 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.257201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While strain gradients break lattice centrosymmetry, ferromagnetism is a time-reversal symmetry breaking product. Flexomagnetic effect in ferromagnets is usually indirect and weak. In this Letter, we reveal a topologically enhanced flexomagnetic effect in synthetic antiferromagnetic systems based on Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and the large deformability of skyrmion. Moreover, the synthetic antiferromagnetic skyrmion exhibits an unexpected Hall effect under strain gradient. We propose that this flexo-Hall effect originates from a geometric Magnus force related to the asymmetric deformation of skyrmion. Our results shed new insights into the flexoresponses in systems hosting topological structures and may open up a new field-"flexoskyrmionics".
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, 518107 Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
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Zhang B, Tan D, Cao X, Tian J, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang Z, Ren K. Flexoelectricity-Enhanced Photovoltaic Effect in Self-Polarized Flexible PZT Nanowire Array Devices. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7834-7847. [PMID: 35533408 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, we report the flexoelectricity-enhanced photovoltaic (FPV) effect in a flexible Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 nanowire (PZT NW) array/PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) nanocomposite. The simulation result of density functional theory (DFT) indicated that the FPV effect in PZT NWs can be greatly affected by the interactions of the strain gradients with the internal field generated by self-polarization. We found that when the nanocomposite film was curved down, the photovoltaic current of the aligned PZT-NW/PDMS composite increased by 84.6-fold and 27.6-fold compared with the PZT-nanoparticles/PDMS and randomly aligned PZT-NW/PDMS nanocomposites at the same curvature, respectively. This is mainly ascribed to the increased flexoelectricity in the aligned PZT-NW/PDMS nanocomposite. This study will contribute to a full understanding of the influence of nanoparticle shape on the flexophotovoltaic effect of nanocomposites. It will have potential use in nanocomposites for the study of the FPV effect and associated applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensors, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Dan Tan
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodan Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensors, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P.R. China
| | - Junyuan Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensors, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Yonggui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensors, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P.R. China
| | - Jinxi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensors, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensors, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kailiang Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensors, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P.R. China
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