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Chen C, Luo X, Bathe M. Versatile Dehydration-Assisted Functionalization of Quantum Dots and Rods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202410247. [PMID: 39031668 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202410247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Functionalization of quantum dots (QDs) and quantum rods (QRs) with ligands is essential for their further practical application across various domains. Dehydration-assisted functionalization (DAF) is a versatile method applicable to a wide range of hydrophilic ligands with an affinity to the surface of QDs and QRs. This approach facilitates rapid one-pot ligand exchange and dense modification by efficiently transferring these ligands onto the surface of QDs and QRs. This study demonstrates the efficacy of DAF in preparing chiral QRs, engineering the surface charge of QDs, utilizing QR aggregates, and conjugating dense DNA onto cadmium-free InP/ZnS QDs. DAF therefore offers a versatile solution for hydrophilic ligand functionalization of QDs and QRs applicable to diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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2
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Lee J, Hassan SZ, Sim HR, Lee S, Jeong KJ, Kwon J, Son CY, Chung DS. Molecular Engineering of Coordination Ligand for Multifunctional Sol-Gel Oxides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2409906. [PMID: 39328050 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Here a ligand exchange strategy for synthesizing sol-gel oxides is demonstrated to achieve multifunctionality including direct photolithography, high dielectric strength, and high charge carrier mobility, which is challenging to obtain in such oxides. For this purpose, a series of bidentate ligands with azide termini and ethylene-glycol bridges is synthesized, and these ligands are universally applicable to the synthesis of a variety of dielectric and semiconductor oxides. Optimized photolithography conditions yield a high-quality ZrO2 dielectric film with a high dielectric constant and strength of ≈18 and ≈7 MV cm-1, respectively. Additionally, this strategy is applied to semiconductor oxides such as In2O3 and ZnO, and the all-oxide-patterned solution-processed thin-film transistor (TFT) demonstrates a high charge carrier mobility of ≈40 cm2 V-1 s-1. An oxide TFT array is fully photopatterned on a 4-inch Si wafer; uniform performances are observed across these devices. This study suggests the possibility of realizing multifunctional oxides for application in advanced electronics using simple ligand exchange chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyeok Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Zahid Hassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Sim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Jun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yun Son
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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3
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Xu SH, Xu JZ, Tang YB, Liu WZ, Meng SG, Zhou DY, Liao LS. Interfacial Dipole Engineering for Energy Level Alignment in NiOx-Based Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403325. [PMID: 39314054 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The solution-derived non-stoichiometric nickel oxide (NiOx) is a promising hole-injecting material for stable quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). However, the carrier imbalance due to the misalignment of energy levels between the NiOx and polymeric hole-transporting layers (HTLs) curtails the device efficiency. In this study, the modification of the NiOx surface is investigated using either 3-cyanobenzoic acid (3-CN-BA) or 4-cyanobenzoic acid (4-CN-BA) in the QLED fabrication. Morphological and electrical analyses revealed that both 4-CN-BA and 3-CN-BA can enhance the work function of NiOx, reduce the oxygen vacancies on the NiOx surface, and facilitate a uniform morphology for subsequent HTL layers. Moreover, it is found that the binding configurations of dipole molecules as a function of the substitution position of the tail group significantly impact the work function of underlying layers. When integrated in QLEDs, the modification layers resulted in a significant improvement in the electroluminescent efficiency due to the enhancement of energy level alignment and charge balance within the devices. Specifically, QLEDs incorporating 4-CN-BA achieved a champion external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.34%, which is a 1.8X improvement in comparison with that of the devices utilizing unmodified NiOx (7.28%). Moreover, QLEDs with 4-CN-BA and 3-CN-BA modifications exhibited prolonged operational lifetimes, indicating potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Hao Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jin-Zhe Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ying-Bo Tang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Wei-Zhi Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Shu-Guang Meng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Dong-Ying Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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4
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Shim H, Park G, Yun H, Ryu S, Noh YY, Kim CJ. Single-Shot Multispectral Encoding: Advancing Optical Lithography for Encryption and Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:11411-11418. [PMID: 39225470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Most modern optical display and sensing devices utilize a limited number of spectral units within the visible range, based on human color perception. In contrast, the rapid advancement of machine-based pattern recognition and spectral analysis could facilitate the use of multispectral functional units, yet the challenge of creating complex, high-definition, and reproducible patterns with an increasing number of spectral units limits their widespread application. Here, we report a technique for optical lithography that employs a single-shot exposure to reproduce perovskite films with spatially controlled optical band gaps through light-induced compositional modulations. Luminescent patterns are designed to program correlations between spatial and spectral information, covering the entire visible spectral range. Using this platform, we demonstrate multispectral encoding patterns for encryption and multivariate optical converters for dispersive optics-free spectroscopy with high spectral resolution. The fabrication process is conducted at room temperature and can be extended to other material and device platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Shim
- Center for Van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonwoong Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsuk Yun
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Joo Kim
- Center for Van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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5
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Su Q, Chen Z, Chen S. Tracing the electron transport behavior in quantum-dot light-emitting diodes via single photon counting technique. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8150. [PMID: 39289383 PMCID: PMC11408697 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The electron injection and transport behavior are of vital importance to the performance of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes. By simultaneously measuring the electroluminescence-photoluminescence of the quantum-dot light-emitting diodes, we identify the presence of leakage electrons which leads to the discrepancy of the electroluminescence and the photoluminescence roll-off. To trace the transport paths of the leakage electrons, a single photon counting technique is developed. This technique enables us to detect the weak photon signals and thus provides a means to visualize the electron transport paths at different voltages. The results show that, the electrons, except those recombining within the quantum-dots, leak to the hole transport layer or recombine at the hole transport layer/quantum-dot interface, thus leading to the reduction of efficiency. By reducing the amount of leakage electrons, quantum-dot light-emitting diode with an internal power conversion efficiency of over 98% can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Su
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, PR China
- School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan, PR China
| | - Zinan Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, PR China.
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Fan J, Han C, Yang G, Song B, Xu R, Xiang C, Zhang T, Qian L. Recent Progress of Quantum Dots Light-Emitting Diodes: Materials, Device Structures, and Display Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312948. [PMID: 38813832 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs), as a class of 0D semiconductor materials, have generated widespread interest due to their adjustable band gap, exceptional color purity, near-unity quantum yield, and solution-processability. With decades of dedicated research, the potential applications of quantum dots have garnered significant recognition in both the academic and industrial communities. Furthermore, the related quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) stand out as one of the most promising contenders for the next-generation display technologies. Although QD-based color conversion films are applied to improve the color gamut of existing display technologies, the broader application of QLED devices remains in its nascent stages, facing many challenges on the path to commercialization. This review encapsulates the historical discovery and subsequent research advancements in QD materials and their synthesis methods. Additionally, the working mechanisms and architectural design of QLED prototype devices are discussed. Furthermore, the review surveys the latest advancements of QLED devices within the display industry. The narrative concludes with an examination of the challenges and perspectives of QLED technology in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Fan
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo, 315000, P. R. China
| | - Changfeng Han
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo, 315000, P. R. China
| | - Guojian Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo, 315000, P. R. China
| | - Bin Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Rui Xu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyu Xiang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo, 315000, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo, 315000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Qian
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo, 315000, P. R. China
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7
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Kim GY, Kim S, Park KH, Jang H, Kim M, Nam TW, Song KM, Shin H, Park Y, Cho Y, Yeom J, Choi MJ, Jang MS, Jung YS. Chiral 3D structures through multi-dimensional transfer printing of multilayer quantum dot patterns. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6996. [PMID: 39143052 PMCID: PMC11324731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional optical nanostructures have garnered significant interest in photonics due to their extraordinary capabilities to manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization states of light. However, achieving complex three-dimensional optical nanostructures with bottom-up fabrication has remained challenging, despite its nanoscale precision and cost-effectiveness, mainly due to inherent limitations in structural controllability. Here, we report the optical characteristics of intricate two- and three-dimensional nanoarchitectures made of colloidal quantum dots fabricated with multi-dimensional transfer printing. Our customizable fabrication platform, directed by tailored interface polarity, enables flexible geometric control over a variety of one-, two-, and three-dimensional quantum dot architectures, achieving tunable and advanced optical features. For example, we demonstrate a two-dimensional quantum dot nanomesh with tuned subwavelength square perforations designed by finite-difference time-domain calculations, achieving an 8-fold enhanced photoluminescence due to the maximized optical resonance. Furthermore, a three-dimensional quantum dot chiral structure is also created via asymmetric stacking of one-dimensional quantum dot layers, realizing a pronounced circular dichroism intensity exceeding 20°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Yeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinho Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhwi Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moohyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Won Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Min Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongjoo Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yemin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongin Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Yeom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jae Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Seok Jang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Lyu X, Zheng Z, Shiva A, Han M, Dayan CB, Zhang M, Sitti M. Capillary trapping of various nanomaterials on additively manufactured scaffolds for 3D micro-/nanofabrication. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6693. [PMID: 39107326 PMCID: PMC11303746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
High-precision additive manufacturing technologies, such as two-photon polymerization, are mainly limited to photo-curable polymers and currently lacks the possibility to produce multimaterial components. Herein, we report a physically bottom-up assembly strategy that leverages capillary force to trap various nanomaterials and assemble them onto three-dimensional (3D) microscaffolds. This capillary-trapping strategy enables precise and uniform assembly of nanomaterials into versatile 3D microstructures with high uniformity and mass loading. Our approach applies to diverse materials irrespective of their physiochemical properties, including polymers, metals, metal oxides, and others. It can integrate at least four different material types into a single 3D microstructure in a sequential, layer-by-layer manner, opening immense possibilities for tailored functionalities on demand. Furthermore, the 3D microscaffolds are removable, facilitating the creation of pure material-based 3D microstructures. This universal 3D micro-/nanofabrication technique with various nanomaterials enables the creation of advanced miniature devices with potential applications in multifunctional microrobots and smart micromachines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Lyu
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zhiqiang Zheng
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anitha Shiva
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mertcan Han
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cem Balda Dayan
- Robotic Materials Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Mameli A, Kovtun A, Jones D, Benekou V, Palermo V, Bandini M, Melucci M. Covalent functionalization by using blue light activated radicals: on the reaction mechanisms of arylazo sulfone binding on graphene. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024:d4na00359d. [PMID: 39170767 PMCID: PMC11333948 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00359d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Covalent functionalization of graphene presents a pivotal strategy to enhance its surface properties and overcome inherent chemical inertness. While diazonium salts have been extensively utilized for this purpose, their limitations necessitate exploration of alternative approaches. Arylazo sulfones, such as diazonium salt derivatives serving as chromophores, offer a promising solution, enabling photochemical reactions under visible light. Here, we propose a novel method for rapid covalent photofunctionalization of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene on copper substrates using arylazo sulfones. The generation of aryl radicals - chlorobenzene in this case - was achieved through blue light LED irradiation of 4-chlorophenylazo methyl sulfone solution in acetonitrile. Efficient surface covalent modification of graphene was verified by observing (i) the photogeneration of radicals with a decrease in the π-π* band absorbance and an increase in the n-π* of arylazosulfone solution by UV-Vis spectroscopy; (ii) an increase in C sp3 defects on graphene from the Raman D band, the Auger C KLL signal and graphene C 1s X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); and (iii) the presence of the chlorobenzene XPS Cl 2p signal. The aryl radical generation was enhanced by the copper substrate during irradiation, with a possible double path reaction mechanism. This approach highlights the versatility of arylazo sulfones in covalently patterning graphene surfaces, thus unlocking opportunities by overcoming the current approach consisting of the deposition of resist materials with successive cycles of lithography and electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mameli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna Via P. Gobetti, 85 40129 Bologna Italy
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Via P. Gobetti, 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Alessandro Kovtun
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Via P. Gobetti, 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Derek Jones
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Via P. Gobetti, 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Vasiliki Benekou
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna Via P. Gobetti, 85 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche (FIM), Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE) Via G. Campi, 213/A 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Vincenzo Palermo
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Via P. Gobetti, 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna Via P. Gobetti, 85 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Manuela Melucci
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Via P. Gobetti, 101 40129 Bologna Italy
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10
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Lee HJ, Park JS, Rhee S, Park JW, Seok HJ, Jung D, Lim J, Shin D, Im S, Min SJ, Park YS, Kim HK, Bae WK, Hahm D. Impact of Alternating-Current Operation on All-Inorganic Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:39683-39692. [PMID: 39024473 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
In colloidal quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs), replacing organic hole transport layers (HTLs) with their inorganic counterparts is expected to yield distinct advantages due to their inherent material robustness. However, despite the promising characteristics of all-inorganic QD-LEDs, some challenges persist in achieving stable operation; for example, the electron overflow toward the inorganic HTL and charge accumulation within working devices return a temporal inconsistency in device characteristics. To address these challenges, we propose an operational approach that employs an alternating-current (AC) in all-inorganic QD-LEDs. We carry out comprehensive studies on the optoelectrical characteristics of all-inorganic QD-LEDs under direct-current (DC) or AC operation and demonstrate that AC operation can facilitate efficient charge carrier recombination within the QD emissive layer, leading to improved device efficiency and temporally invariant optoelectronic characteristics. Leveraging the intrinsic material robustness of inorganic charge transport layers (CTLs), our current study suggests a promising pathway toward enhancing the performance and stability of QD-LEDs, particularly for futuristic display applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak June Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Su Park
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Rhee
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jun Seok
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongju Jung
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Lim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoon Shin
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongbin Im
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jong Min
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Shin Park
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Han Ki Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Display Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Ki Bae
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Display Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyo Hahm
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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11
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Li X, Zhao J, Xiao H, Zhang H, Zhou M, Zhang X, Yan X, Tang A, Chen L. Multiparticle Synergistic Electrophoretic Deposition Strategy for High-Efficiency and High-Resolution Displays. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17715-17724. [PMID: 38916440 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal nanoparticles offer unique photoelectric properties, making them promising for functional applications. Multiparticle systems exhibit synergistic effects on the functional properties of their individual components. However, precisely controlled assembly of multiparticles to form patterned building blocks for solid-state devices remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate a versatile multiparticle synergistic electrophoretic deposition (EPD) strategy to achieve controlled assembly, high-efficiency, and high-resolution patterns. Through elaborate surface design and charge regulation of nanoparticles, we achieve precise control over the particle distribution (gradient or homogeneous structure) in multiparticle films using the EPD technique. The multiparticle system integrates silicon oxide and titanium oxide nanoparticles, synergistically enhancing the emission efficiency of quantum dots to a high level in the field. Furthermore, we demonstrate the superiority of our strategy to integrate multiparticle into large-area full-color display panels with a high resolution over 1000 pixels per inch. The results suggest great potential for developing multiparticle systems and expanding diverse functional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Li
- Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jinyang Zhao
- Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Hangchuan Zhang
- Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiaolin Yan
- Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Aiwei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lixuan Chen
- Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518107, China
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12
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Lee J, Jo H, Choi M, Park S, Oh J, Lee K, Bae Y, Rhee S, Roh J. Recent Progress on Quantum Dot Patterning Technologies for Commercialization of QD-LEDs: Current Status, Future Prospects, and Exploratory Approaches. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301224. [PMID: 38193264 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are widely regarded as advanced emissive materials with significant potential for display applications owing to their excellent optical properties such as high color purity, near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield, and size-tunable emission color. Building upon these attractive attributes, QDs have successfully garnered attention in the display market as down-conversion luminophores and now venturing into the realm of self-emissive displays, exemplified by QD light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs). However, despite these advancements, there remains a relatively limited body of research on QD patterning technologies, which are crucial prerequisites for the successful commercialization of QD-LEDs. Thus, in this review, an overview of the current status and prospects of QD patterning technologies to accelerate the commercialization of QD-LEDs is provided. Within this review, a comprehensive investigation of three prevailing patterning methods: optical lithography, transfer printing, and inkjet printing are conducted. Furthermore, several exploratory QD patterning techniques that offer distinct advantages are introduced. This study not only paves the way for successful commercialization but also extends the potential application of QD-LEDs into uncharted frontiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeop Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeona Jo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwook Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Oh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungeun Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeyun Bae
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Rhee
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongkyun Roh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
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13
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Luo X, Kong J, Xiao H, Sang D, He K, Zhou M, Liu J. Noncovalent Interaction Guided Precise Photoluminescence Regulation of Gold Nanoclusters in Both Isolate Species and Aggregate States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404129. [PMID: 38651974 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Designing luminophores bright in both isolate species and aggregate states is of great importance in many emerging cutting-edge applications. However, the conventional luminophores either emit in isolate species but quench in aggregate state or emit in aggregate state but darken in isolate species. Here we demonstrate that the precise regulation of noncovalent interactions can realize luminophores bright in both isolate species and aggregate states. It is firstly discovered that the intra-cluster interaction enhances the emission of atomically precise Au25(pMBA)18 (pMBA=4-mercaptobenzoic acid), a nanoscale luminophore, while the inter-cluster interaction quenches the emission. The emission enhancing strategies are then well-designed by both introducing exogenous substances to block inter-cluster interaction and surface manipulation of Au25(pMBA)18 at the molecular level to enhance intra-cluster interaction, opening new possibilities to controllably enhance the luminophore's photoluminescence in both isolate species and aggregate states in different phases including aqueous solution, solid state and organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jie Kong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dongmiao Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kui He
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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14
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Yi YQQ, Su F, Xu W, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Xie L, Su W, Cui Z, Luscombe CK. Nondestructive Direct Patterning of Both Hole Transport and Emissive Layers for Pixelated Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15915-15924. [PMID: 38833535 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Considering the increasing demand for high-resolution light-emitting diodes (LEDs), it is important that direct fine patterning technologies for LEDs be developed, especially for quantum-dot LEDs (QLEDs). Traditionally, the patterning of QLEDs relies on resin-based photolithography techniques, requiring multiple steps and causing performance deterioration. Nondestructive direct patterning may provide an easy and stepwise method to achieve fine-pixelated units in QLEDs. In this study, two isomeric tridentate cross-linkers (X8/X9) are presented and can be blended into the hole transport layer (HTL) and the emissive layer (EML) of QLEDs. Because of their photosensitivity, the in situ cross-linking process can be efficiently triggered by ultraviolet irradiation, affording high solvent resistance and nondestructive direct patterning of the layers. Red QLEDs using the cross-linked HTL demonstrate an impressive external quantum efficiency of up to 22.45%. Through lithographic patterning enabled by X9, line patterns of HTL and EML films exhibit widths as narrow as 2 and 4 μm, respectively. Leveraging the patterned HTL and EML, we show the successful fabrication of pixelated QLED devices with an area size of 3 × 3 mm2, alongside the successful production of dual-color pixelated QLED devices. These findings showcase the promising potential of direct patterning facilitated by engineered cross-linkers for the cost-effective fabrication of pixelated QLED displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Qiu-Qiang Yi
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Division of Nano-Devices Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Pi-Conjugated Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Fuyan Su
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Division of Nano-Devices Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Wenya Xu
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Division of Nano-Devices Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation (Nano-X), Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Division of Nano-Devices Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Liming Xie
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Division of Nano-Devices Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Wenming Su
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Division of Nano-Devices Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Division of Nano-Devices Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- Pi-Conjugated Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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15
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Jeong M, Ko B, Jung C, Kim J, Jang J, Mun J, Lee J, Yun S, Kim S, Rho J. Printable Light-Emitting Metasurfaces with Enhanced Directional Photoluminescence. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5783-5790. [PMID: 38695397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Nanoimprint lithography is gaining popularity as a cost-efficient way to reproduce nanostructures in large quantities. Recent advances in nanoimprinting lithography using high-index nanoparticles have demonstrated replication of photonic devices, but it is difficult to confer special properties on nanostructures beyond general metasurfaces. Here, we introduce a novel method for fabricating light-emitting metasurfaces using nanoimprinting lithography. By utilizing quantum dots embedded in resin, we successfully imprint dielectric metasurfaces that function simultaneously as both emitters and resonators. This approach to incorporating quantum dots into metasurfaces demonstrates an improvement in photoluminescence characteristics compared to the situation where quantum dots and metasurfaces are independently incorporated. Design of the metasurface is specifically tailored to support photonic modes within the emission band of quantum dots with a large enhancement of photoluminescence. This study indicates that nanoimprinting lithography has the capability to construct nanostructures using functionalized nanoparticles and could be used in various fields of nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungsu Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunghwan Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyuck Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Centre for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Mun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Centre for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihae Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyeon Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejeong Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Centre for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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16
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Kim J, Roh J, Park M, Lee C. Recent Advances and Challenges of Colloidal Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes for Display Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2212220. [PMID: 36853911 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) exhibit tremendous potential in display technologies owing to their unique optical properties, such as size-tunable emission wavelength, narrow spectral linewidth, and near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield. Significant efforts in academia and industry have achieved dramatic improvements in the performance of quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) over the past decade, primarily owing to the development of high-quality QDs and optimized device architectures. Moreover, sophisticated patterning processes have also been developed for QDs, which is an essential technique for their commercialization. As a result of these achievements, some QD-based display technologies, such as QD enhancement films and QD-organic light-emitting diodes, have been successfully commercialized, confirming the superiority of QDs in display technologies. However, despite these developments, the commercialization of QLEDs is yet to reach a threshold, requiring a leap forward in addressing challenges and related problems. Thus, representative research trends, progress, and challenges of QLEDs in the categories of material synthesis, device engineering, and fabrication method to specify the current status and development direction are reviewed. Furthermore, brief insights into the factors to be considered when conducting research on single-device QLEDs are provided to realize active matrix displays. This review guides the way toward the commercialization of QLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongkyun Roh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungjin Park
- Display Research Center, Samsung Display Co., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Lee
- Display Research Center, Samsung Display Co., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17113, Republic of Korea
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17
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Pan JA, Skripka A, Lee C, Qi X, Pham AL, Woods JJ, Abergel RJ, Schuck PJ, Cohen BE, Chan EM. Ligand-Assisted Direct Lithography of Upconverting and Avalanching Nanoparticles for Nonlinear Photonics. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7487-7497. [PMID: 38466925 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit unique nonlinear optical properties that can be harnessed in microscopy, sensing, and photonics. However, forming high-resolution nano- and micropatterns of UCNPs with large packing fractions is still challenging. Additionally, there is limited understanding of how nanoparticle patterning chemistries are affected by the particle size. Here, we explore direct patterning chemistries for 6-18 nm Tm3+-, Yb3+/Tm3+-, and Yb3+/Er3+-based UCNPs using ligands that form either new ionic linkages or covalent bonds between UCNPs under ultraviolet (UV), electron-beam (e-beam), and near-infrared (NIR) exposure. We study the effect of UCNP size on these patterning approaches and find that 6 nm UCNPs can be patterned with compact ionic-based ligands. In contrast, patterning larger UCNPs requires long-chain, cross-linkable ligands that provide sufficient interparticle spacing to prevent irreversible aggregation upon film casting. Compared to approaches that use a cross-linkable liquid monomer, our patterning method limits the cross-linking reaction to the ligands bound on UCNPs deposited as a thin film. This highly localized photo-/electron-initiated chemistry enables the fabrication of densely packed UCNP patterns with high resolutions (∼1 μm with UV and NIR exposure; <100 nm with e-beam). Our upconversion NIR lithography approach demonstrates the potential to use inexpensive continuous-wave lasers for high-resolution 2D and 3D lithography of colloidal materials. The deposited UCNP patterns retain their upconverting, avalanching, and photoswitching behaviors, which can be exploited in patterned optical devices for next-generation UCNP applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ahn Pan
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Artiom Skripka
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Changhwan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xiao Qi
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Anne L Pham
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Joshua J Woods
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rebecca J Abergel
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - P James Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Bruce E Cohen
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Division of Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Emory M Chan
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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18
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Liu D, Weng K, Zhao H, Wang S, Qiu H, Luo X, Lu S, Duan L, Bai S, Zhang H, Li J. Nondestructive Direct Optical Patterning of Perovskite Nanocrystals with Carbene-Based Ligand Cross-Linkers. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6896-6907. [PMID: 38376996 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Microscale patterning of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) is essential for their integration in advanced device platforms, such as high-definition displays. However, perovskite NCs usually show degraded optical and/or electrical properties after patterning with existing approaches, posing a critical challenge for their optoelectronic applications. Here we achieve nondestructive, direct optical patterning of perovskite NCs with rationally designed carbene-based cross-linkers and demonstrate their applications in high-performance light-emitting diodes. We reveal that both the photochemical properties and the electronic structures of cross-linkers need to be carefully tailored to the material properties of perovskite NCs. This method produces high-resolution (∼4000 ppi) NC patterns with preserved photoluminescent quantum efficiencies and charge transport properties. Prototype light-emitting diodes with patterned/cross-linked NC layers show a maximum luminance of over 60000 cd m-2 and a peak external quantum efficiency of 16%, among the highest for patterned perovskite electroluminescent devices. Such a material-adapted patterning method enabled by designs from a photochemistry perspective could foster the applications of perovskite NCs in system-level electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangkang Weng
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengwei Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyu Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Bai
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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19
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Chang S, Koo JH, Yoo J, Kim MS, Choi MK, Kim DH, Song YM. Flexible and Stretchable Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodetectors for Human-Centric Optoelectronics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:768-859. [PMID: 38241488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices with unconventional form factors, such as flexible and stretchable light-emitting or photoresponsive devices, are core elements for the next-generation human-centric optoelectronics. For instance, these deformable devices can be utilized as closely fitted wearable sensors to acquire precise biosignals that are subsequently uploaded to the cloud for immediate examination and diagnosis, and also can be used for vision systems for human-interactive robotics. Their inception was propelled by breakthroughs in novel optoelectronic material technologies and device blueprinting methodologies, endowing flexibility and mechanical resilience to conventional rigid optoelectronic devices. This paper reviews the advancements in such soft optoelectronic device technologies, honing in on various materials, manufacturing techniques, and device design strategies. We will first highlight the general approaches for flexible and stretchable device fabrication, including the appropriate material selection for the substrate, electrodes, and insulation layers. We will then focus on the materials for flexible and stretchable light-emitting diodes, their device integration strategies, and representative application examples. Next, we will move on to the materials for flexible and stretchable photodetectors, highlighting the state-of-the-art materials and device fabrication methods, followed by their representative application examples. At the end, a brief summary will be given, and the potential challenges for further development of functional devices will be discussed as a conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehui Chang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Semiconductor and System IC, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SNU, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, SNU, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Graduate School, GIST, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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20
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Li H, Zhao Y, Qiu Y, Gao H, He K, Yang J, Zhao Y, OuYang G, Ma N, Wei X, Du Z, Jiang L, Wu Y. Multi-Interfacial Confined Assembly of Colloidal Quantum Dots Quasisuperlattice Microcavities for High-Resolution Full-Color Microlaser Arrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2314061. [PMID: 38350441 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are considered a promising material for the next generation of integrated display devices due to their designable optical bandgap and low energy consumption. Owing to their dispersibility in solvents, CQD micro/nanostructures are generally fabricated by solution-processing methods. However, the random mass transfer in liquid restricts the programmable construction in macroscopy and ordered assembly in microscopy for the integration of CQD optical structures. Herein, a multi-interfacial confined assembly strategy is developed to fabricate CQDs programmable microstructure arrays with a quasisuperlattice configuration through controlling the dynamics of three-phase contact lines (TPCLs). The motion of TPCLs dominates the division of liquid film for precise positioning of CQD microstructures, while pinned TPCLs control the solvent evaporation and concentration gradient to directionally drive the mass transfer and packing of CQDs. Owing to their long-range order and adjustable structural dimensions, CQD microring arrays function as high-quality-factor (high-Q) lasing resonant cavities with low thresholds and tunable lasing emission modes. Through the further surface treatment and liquid dynamics control, the on-chip integration of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) multicomponent CQD microlaser arrays are demonstrated. The technique establishes a new route to fabricate large-area, ultrahigh-definition, and full-color CQD laser displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Zhao
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yuchen Qiu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hanfei Gao
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ke He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Junchuan Yang
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Guangwen OuYang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Na Ma
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Ji Hua Laboratory Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Zuliang Du
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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21
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Park SY, Lee S, Lee S, Kim J, Char K, Kang MS. Network of Inorganic Nanocrystals Can Swell: Study of Swelling-Induced Surface Instability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306366. [PMID: 37823672 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
A unique organic-inorganic hybrid network composed of inorganic nanocores (ranging from semiconductors to metallic ones) interconnected through organic molecules can be produced by crosslinking the organic ligands of colloidal inorganic nanocrystals in assemblies. This work reports that this network, which is conventionally considered an inorganic film, can swell when exposed to a solvent because of the interaction between the solvent and the organic linkage within the network. Intriguingly, this work discovers that drying the solvent of the swollen organic-inorganic hybrid network can significantly affect the morphology owing to the swelling-induced compress stress, which is widely observed in various organic network systems. This work studies the surface instability of crosslinked organic-inorganic hybrid networks swollen by various organic solvents, which led to buckling delamination. Specifically, this work investigates the effects of the i) solvent-network interaction, ii) crosslinking density of the network, and iii) thickness of the film on the delamination behavior of the crosslinked network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Young Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Seongjae Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Seunghan Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Jungwook Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
- Institute of Emergent Materials, Ricci Institute of Basic Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
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22
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Shin D, Lee HJ, Jung D, Chae JA, Park JW, Lim J, Im S, Min S, Hwang E, Lee DC, Park YS, Chang JH, Park K, Kim J, Park JS, Bae WK. Growth Control of InP/ZnSe Heterostructured Nanocrystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312250. [PMID: 38300222 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The morphology of heterostructured semiconductor nanocrystals (h-NCs) dictates the spatial distribution of charge carriers and their recombination dynamics and/or transport, which are the main performance indicators of photonic applications utilizing h-NCs. The inability to control the morphology of heterovalent III-V/II-VI h-NCs composed of heavy-metal-free elements hinders their practical use. As a case study of III-V/II-VI h-NCs, the growth control of ZnSe epilayers on InP NCs is demonstrated here. The anisotropic morphology in InP/ZnSe h-NCs is attributed to the facet-dependent energy costs for the growth of ZnSe epilayers on different facets of InP NCs, and effective chemical means for controlling the growth rates of ZnSe on different surface planes are demonstrated. Ultimately, this article capitalizes on the controlled morphology of InP/ZnSe h-NCs to expand their photophysical characteristics from stable and pure emission to environment-sensitive one, which will facilitate their use in a variety of photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyoon Shin
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak June Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongju Jung
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ah Chae
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Lim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongbin Im
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejong Min
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Euyheon Hwang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Doh C Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Shin Park
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Jun Hyuk Chang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungwon Park
- Display Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), Seongnam, 13509, Republic of Korea
| | - Junki Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sang Park
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Ki Bae
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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23
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Morad V, Stelmakh A, Svyrydenko M, Feld LG, Boehme SC, Aebli M, Affolter J, Kaul CJ, Schrenker NJ, Bals S, Sahin Y, Dirin DN, Cherniukh I, Raino G, Baumketner A, Kovalenko MV. Designer phospholipid capping ligands for soft metal halide nanocrystals. Nature 2024; 626:542-548. [PMID: 38109940 PMCID: PMC10866715 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06932-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The success of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) in science and optoelectronics is inextricable from their surfaces. The functionalization of lead halide perovskite NCs1-5 poses a formidable challenge because of their structural lability, unlike the well-established covalent ligand capping of conventional semiconductor NCs6,7. We posited that the vast and facile molecular engineering of phospholipids as zwitterionic surfactants can deliver highly customized surface chemistries for metal halide NCs. Molecular dynamics simulations implied that ligand-NC surface affinity is primarily governed by the structure of the zwitterionic head group, particularly by the geometric fitness of the anionic and cationic moieties into the surface lattice sites, as corroborated by the nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data. Lattice-matched primary-ammonium phospholipids enhance the structural and colloidal integrity of hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites (FAPbBr3 and MAPbBr3 (FA, formamidinium; MA, methylammonium)) and lead-free metal halide NCs. The molecular structure of the organic ligand tail governs the long-term colloidal stability and compatibility with solvents of diverse polarity, from hydrocarbons to acetone and alcohols. These NCs exhibit photoluminescence quantum yield of more than 96% in solution and solids and minimal photoluminescence intermittency at the single particle level with an average ON fraction as high as 94%, as well as bright and high-purity (about 95%) single-photon emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Morad
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andriy Stelmakh
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mariia Svyrydenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Leon G Feld
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Simon C Boehme
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Aebli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Joel Affolter
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph J Kaul
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nadine J Schrenker
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yesim Sahin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N Dirin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ihor Cherniukh
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Raino
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrij Baumketner
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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24
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Qie Y, Hu H, Yu K, Zhong C, Ju S, Liu Y, Guo T, Li F. Ligand-Nondestructive Direct Photolithography Assisted by Semiconductor Polymer Cross-Linking for High-Resolution Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1254-1260. [PMID: 38230959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The photolithographic patterning of fine quantum dot (QD) films is of great significance for the construction of QD optoelectronic device arrays. However, the photolithography methods reported so far either introduce insulating photoresist or manipulate the surface ligands of QDs, each of which has negative effects on device performance. Here, we report a direct photolithography strategy without photoresist and without engineering the QD surface ligands. Through cross-linking of the surrounding semiconductor polymer, QDs are spatially confined to the network frame of the polymer to form high-quality patterns. More importantly, the wrapped polymer incidentally regulates the energy levels of the emitting layer, which is conducive to improving the hole injection capacity while weakening the electron injection level, to achieve balanced injection of carriers. The patterned QD light-emitting diodes (with a pixel size of 1.5 μm) achieve a high external quantum efficiency of 16.25% and a brightness of >1.4 × 105 cd/m2. This work paves the way for efficient high-resolution QD light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qie
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Hu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Kuibao Yu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Songman Ju
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, P. R. China
| | - Yanbing Liu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Tailiang Guo
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Fushan Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
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25
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Niu L, Yu L, Jin C, Jin K, Liu Z, Zhu T, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Wu Y. Living Materials Based Dynamic Information Encryption via Light-Inducible Bacterial Biosynthesis of Quantum Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315251. [PMID: 38085166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Microbial biosynthesis, as an alternative method for producing quantum dots (QDs), has gained attention because it can be conducted under mild and environmentally friendly conditions, distinguishing it from conventional chemical and physical synthesis approaches. However, there is currently no method to selectively control this biosynthesis process in a subset of microbes within a population using external stimuli. In this study, we have attained precise and selective control over the microbial biosynthesis of QDs through the utilization of an optogenetically engineered Escherichia coli (E. coli). The recombinant E. coli is designed to express smCSE enzyme, under the regulation of eLightOn system, which can be activated by blue light. The smCSE enzymes use L-cysteine and Cd2+ as substrates to form CdS QDs. This system enables light-inducible bacterial biosynthesis of QDs in precise patterns within a hydrogel for information encryption. As the biosynthesis progresses, the optical characteristics of the QDs change, allowing living materials containing the recombinant E. coli to display time-dependent patterns that self-destruct after reading. Compared to static encryption using fluorescent QD inks, dynamic information encryption based on living materials offers enhanced security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Niu
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Rd. 333, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Rd. 333, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nanchen Rd. 333, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyang Jin
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Rd. 333, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Jin
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Rd. 333, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Rd. 333, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Rd. 333, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Rd. 333, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Rd. 333, Shanghai, China
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26
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Wang Z, Dong S, Yuan W, Li J, Ma X, Liu F, Jiang X. Photo-Modulated Ionic Polymer as an Adaptable Electron Transport Material for Optically Switchable Pixel-Free Displays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309593. [PMID: 37967857 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
In addition to electrically driven organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays that rely on complicated and costly circuits for switching individual pixel illumination, developing a facile approach that structures pixel-free light-emitting displays with exceptional precision and spatial resolution via external photo-modulation holds significant importance for advancing consumer electronics. Here, optically switchable organic light-emitting pixel-free displays (OSPFDs) are presented and fabricated by judiciously combining an adaptive photosensitive ionic polymer as electron transport materials (ETM) with external photo-modulation as the switching mode while ensuring superior illumination performance and seamless imaging capability. By irradiating the solution-processed OSPFDs with light at specific wavelengths, efficient and reversible tuning of both electron transport and electroluminescence is achieved simultaneously. This remarkable control is achieved by altering the energetic matching within OSPFDs, which also exhibits a high level of universality and adjustable flexibility in the three primary color-based light-emitting displays. Moreover, the ease of creating and erasing desired pixel-free emitting patterns through a non-invasive photopatterning process within a single OSPFD is demonstrated, thereby rendering this approach promising for commercial displaying devices and highly precise pixelated illuminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Center for Smart Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Shilong Dong
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenqiang Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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27
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Torun I, Huang C, Kalay M, Shim M, Onses MS. pH Tunable Patterning of Quantum Dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305237. [PMID: 37658505 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Patterning of quantum dots (QDs) is essential for many, especially high-tech, applications. Here, pH tunable assembly of QDs over functional patterns prepared by electrohydrodynamic jet printing of poly(2-vinylpyridine) is presented. The selective adsorption of QDs from water dispersions is mediated by the electrostatic interaction between the ligand composed of 3-mercaptopropionic acid and patterned poly(2-vinylpyridine). The pH of the dispersion provides tunability at two levels. First, the adsorption density of QDs and fluorescence from the patterns can be modulated for pH > ≈4. Second, patterned features show unique type of disintegration resulting in randomly positioned features within areas defined by the printing for pH ≤ ≈4. The first capability is useful for deterministic patterning of QDs, whereas the second one enables hierarchically structured encoding of information by generating stochastic features of QDs within areas defined by the printing. This second capability is exploited for generating addressable security labels based on unclonable features. Through image analysis and feature matching algorithms, it is demonstrated that such patterns are unclonable in nature and provide a suitable platform for anti-counterfeiting applications. Collectively, the presented approach not only enables effective patterning of QDs, but also establishes key guidelines for addressable assembly of colloidal nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Torun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center (ERNAM), Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Conan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Mustafa Kalay
- Nanotechnology Research Center (ERNAM), Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
- Department of Electricity and Energy, Kayseri University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Moonsub Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - M Serdar Onses
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center (ERNAM), Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
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28
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Park SY, Lee S, Yang J, Kang MS. Patterning Quantum Dots via Photolithography: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300546. [PMID: 36892995 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pixelating patterns of red, green, and blue quantum dots (QDs) is a critical challenge for realizing high-end displays with bright and vivid images for virtual, augmented, and mixed reality. Since QDs must be processed from a solution, their patterning process is completely different from the conventional techniques used in the organic light-emitting diode and liquid crystal display industries. Although innovative QD patterning technologies are being developed, photopatterning based on the light-induced chemical conversion of QD films is considered one of the most promising methods for forming micrometer-scale QD patterns that satisfy the precision and fidelity required for commercialization. Moreover, the practical impact will be significant as it directly exploits mature photolithography technologies and facilities that are widely available in the semiconductor industry. This article reviews recent progress in the effort to form QD patterns via photolithography. The review begins with a general description of the photolithography process. Subsequently, different types of photolithographical methods applicable to QD patterning are introduced, followed by recent achievements using these methods in forming high-resolution QD patterns. The paper also discusses prospects for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Young Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Seongjae Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeehye Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
- Institute of Emergent Materials, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
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29
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Pan JA, Cho H, Coropceanu I, Wu H, Talapin DV. Stimuli-Responsive Surface Ligands for Direct Lithography of Functional Inorganic Nanomaterials. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2286-2297. [PMID: 37552212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusColloidal nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as a diverse class of materials with tunable composition, size, shape, and surface chemistry. From their facile syntheses to unique optoelectronic properties, these solution-processed nanomaterials are a promising alternative to materials grown as bulk crystals or by vapor-phase methods. However, the integration of colloidal nanomaterials in real-world devices is held back by challenges in making patterned NC films with the resolution, throughput, and cost demanded by device components and applications. Therefore, suitable approaches to pattern NCs need to be established to aid the transition from individual proof-of-concept NC devices to integrated and multiplexed technological systems.In this Account, we discuss the development of stimuli-sensitive surface ligands that enable NCs to be patterned directly with good pattern fidelity while retaining desirable properties. We focus on rationally selected ligands that enable changes in the NC dispersibility by responding to light, electron beam, and/or heat. First, we summarize the fundamental forces between colloidal NCs and discuss the principles behind NC stabilization/destabilization. These principles are applied to understanding the mechanisms of the NC dispersibility change upon stimuli-induced ligand modifications. Six ligand-based patterning mechanisms are introduced: ligand cross-linking, ligand decomposition, ligand desorption, in situ ligand exchange, ion/ligand binding, and ligand-aided increase of ionic strength. We discuss examples of stimuli-sensitive ligands that fall under each mechanism, including their chemical transformations, and address how these ligands are used to pattern either sterically or electrostatically stabilized colloidal NCs. Following that, we explain the rationale behind the exploration of different types of stimuli, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each stimulus.We then discuss relevant figures-of-merit that should be considered when choosing a particular ligand chemistry or stimulus for patterning NCs. These figures-of-merit pertain to either the pattern quality (e.g., resolution, edge and surface roughness, layer thickness), or to the NC material quality (e.g., photo/electro-luminescence, electrical conductivity, inorganic fraction). We outline the importance of these properties and provide insights on optimizing them. Both the pattern quality and NC quality impact the performance of patterned NC devices such as field-effect transistors, light-emitting diodes, color-conversion pixels, photodetectors, and diffractive optical elements. We also give examples of proof-of-concept patterned NC devices and evaluate their performance. Finally, we provide an outlook on further expanding the chemistry of stimuli-sensitive ligands, improving the NC pattern quality, progress toward 3D printing, and other potential research directions. Ultimately, we hope that the development of a patterning toolbox for NCs will expedite their implementation in a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ahn Pan
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Himchan Cho
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Igor Coropceanu
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Haoqi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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30
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Maeng S, Park SJ, Lee J, Lee H, Choi J, Kang JK, Cho H. Direct photocatalytic patterning of colloidal emissive nanomaterials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi6950. [PMID: 37585523 PMCID: PMC10431700 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi6950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a universal direct photocatalytic patterning method that can completely preserve the optical properties of perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) and other emissive nanomaterials. Solubility change of PeNCs is achieved mainly by a photoinduced thiol-ene click reaction between specially tailored surface ligands and a dual-role photocatalytic reagent, pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PTMP), where the thiol-ene reaction is enabled at a low light intensity dose (~ 30 millijoules per square centimeter) by the strong photocatalytic activity of PeNCs. The photochemical reaction mechanism was investigated using various analyses at each patterning step. The PTMP also acts as a defect passivation agent for the PeNCs and even enhances their photoluminescence quantum yield (by ~5%) and photostability. Multicolor patterns of cesium lead halide (CsPbX3)PeNCs were fabricated with high resolution (<1 micrometer). Our method is widely applicable to other classes of nanomaterials including colloidal cadmium selenide-based and indium phosphide-based quantum dots and light-emitting polymers; this generality provides a nondestructive and simple way to pattern various functional materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaehwan Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungdoh Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghui Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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31
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Lin Q, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Li D, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Li F, Huang W. Flexible Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Device for Emerging Multifunctional and Smart Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210385. [PMID: 36880739 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), owing to their exceptional performances in device efficiency, color purity/tunability in the visible region and solution-processing ability on various substrates, become a potential candidate for flexible and ultrathin electroluminescent (EL) lighting and display. Moreover, beyond the lighting and display, flexible QLEDs are enabled with endless possibilities in the era of the internet of things and artificial intelligence by acting as input/output ports in wearable integrated systems. Challenges remain in the development of flexible QLEDs with the goals for high performance, excellent flexibility/even stretchability, and emerging applications. In this paper, the recent developments of QLEDs including quantum dot materials, working mechanism, flexible/stretchable strategies and patterning strategies, and highlight its emerging multifunctional integrations and smart applications covering wearable optical medical devices, pressure-sensing EL devices, and neural smart EL devices, are reviewed. The remaining challenges are also summarized and an outlook on the future development of flexible QLEDs made. The review is expected to offer a systematic understanding and valuable inspiration for flexible QLEDs to simultaneously satisfy optoelectronic and flexible properties for emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Lin
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Yangbin Zhu
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Deli Li
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Fushan Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
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32
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Antolini F. Direct Optical Patterning of Quantum Dots: One Strategy, Different Chemical Processes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2008. [PMID: 37446523 DOI: 10.3390/nano13132008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Patterning, stability, and dispersion of the semiconductor quantum dots (scQDs) are three issues strictly interconnected for successful device manufacturing. Recently, several authors adopted direct optical patterning (DOP) as a step forward in photolithography to position the scQDs in a selected area. However, the chemistry behind the stability, dispersion, and patterning has to be carefully integrated to obtain a functional commercial device. This review describes different chemical strategies suitable to stabilize the scQDs both at a single level and as an ensemble. Special attention is paid to those strategies compatible with direct optical patterning (DOP). With the same purpose, the scQDs' dispersion in a matrix was described in terms of the scQD surface ligands' interactions with the matrix itself. The chemical processes behind the DOP are illustrated and discussed for five different approaches, all together considering stability, dispersion, and the patterning itself of the scQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Antolini
- Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, Physical Technology for Safety and Health Division, ENEA C.R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
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33
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Lee HJ, Im S, Jung D, Kim K, Chae JA, Lim J, Park JW, Shin D, Char K, Jeong BG, Park JS, Hwang E, Lee DC, Park YS, Song HJ, Chang JH, Bae WK. Coherent heteroepitaxial growth of I-III-VI 2 Ag(In,Ga)S 2 colloidal nanocrystals with near-unity quantum yield for use in luminescent solar concentrators. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3779. [PMID: 37355655 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Colloidal Ag(In,Ga)S2 nanocrystals (AIGS NCs) with the band gap tunability by their size and composition within visible range have garnered surging interest. High absorption cross-section and narrow emission linewidth of AIGS NCs make them ideally suited to address the challenges of Cd-free NCs in wide-ranging photonic applications. However, AIGS NCs have shown relatively underwhelming photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) to date, primarily because coherent heteroepitaxy has not been realized. Here, we report the heteroepitaxy for AIGS-AgGaS2 (AIGS-AGS) core-shell NCs bearing near-unity PL QYs in almost full visible range (460 to 620 nm) and enhanced photochemical stability. Key to the successful growth of AIGS-AGS NCs is the use of the Ag-S-Ga(OA)2 complex, which complements the reactivities among cations for both homogeneous AIGS cores in various compositions and uniform AGS shell growth. The heteroepitaxy between AIGS and AGS results in the Type I heterojunction that effectively confines charge carriers within the emissive core without optically active interfacial defects. AIGS-AGS NCs show higher extinction coefficient and narrower spectral linewidth compared to state-of-the-art heavy metal-free NCs, prompting their immediate use in practicable applications including displays and luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak June Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongbin Im
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongju Jung
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuri Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ah Chae
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Lim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoon Shin
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Guk Jeong
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sang Park
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Euyheon Hwang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Doh C Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Shin Park
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Hyung-Jun Song
- Department of Safety Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Hyuk Chang
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Wan Ki Bae
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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34
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An K, Kim C, Kim S, Lee T, Shin D, Lim J, Hahm D, Bae WK, Kim JY, Kwak J, Kim J, Kang KT. Randomly Disassembled Nanostructure for Wide Angle Light Extraction of Top-Emitting Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206133. [PMID: 36793160 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) represents one of the strongest display technologies and has unique advantages like a shallow emission spectrum and superior performance based on the cumulative studies of state-of-the-art quantum dot (QD) synthesis and interfacial engineering. However, research on managing the device's light extraction has been lacking compared to the conventional LED field. Moreover, relevant studies on top-emitting QLEDs (TE-QLEDs) have been severely lacking compared to bottom-emitting QLEDs (BE-QLEDs). This paper demonstrates a novel light extraction structure called the randomly disassembled nanostructure (RaDiNa). The RaDiNa is formed by detaching polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film from a ZnO nanorod (ZnO NR) layer and laying it on top of the TE-QLED. The RaDiNa-attached TE-QLED shows significantly widened angular-dependent electroluminescence (EL) intensities over the pristine TE-QLED, confirming the effective light extraction capability of the RaDiNa layer. Consequently, the optimized RaDiNa-attached TE-QLED achieves enhanced external quantum efficiency (EQE) over the reference device by 60%. For systematic analyses, current-voltage-luminance (J-V-L) characteristics are investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical simulation based on COMSOL Multiphysics. It is believed that this study's results provide essential information for the commercialization of TE-QLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunsik An
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Konkuk University Glocal Campus, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju-si, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaewon Kim
- Digital Transformation R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkuk Kim
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Konkuk University Glocal Campus, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju-si, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesoo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, and Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeol Shin
- Digital Transformation R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Lim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyo Hahm
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Ki Bae
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Kim
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kwak
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, and Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Kang
- Digital Transformation R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
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Fu Z, Zhou L, Yin Y, Weng K, Li F, Lu S, Liu D, Liu W, Wu L, Yang Y, Li H, Duan L, Xiao H, Zhang H, Li J. Direct Photo-Patterning of Efficient and Stable Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes via Light-Triggered, Carbocation-Enabled Ligand Stripping. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2000-2008. [PMID: 36826387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Next generation displays based on quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) require robust patterning methods for quantum dot layers. However, existing patterning methods mostly yield QLEDs with performance far inferior to the state-of-the-art individual devices. Here, we report a light-triggered, carbocation-enabled ligand stripping (CELS) approach to pattern QLEDs with high efficiency and stability. During CELS, photogenerated carbocations from triphenylmethyl chlorides remove native ligands of quantum dots, thereby producing patterns at microscale precision. Chloride anions passivate surface defects and endow patterned quantum dots with preserved photoluminescent quantum yields. It works for both cadmium-based and heavy-metal-free quantum dots. CELS-patterned QLEDs show remarkable external quantum efficiencies (19.1%, 17.5%, 12.0% for red, green, blue, respectively) and a long operation lifetime (T95 at 1000 nits up to 8700 h). Both are among the highest for patterned QLEDs and approach the records for nonpatterned devices, which makes CELS promising for building high-performance QLED displays and related integrated devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Likuan Zhou
- TCL Research, No. 1001 Zhongshan Park Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kangkang Weng
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenyong Liu
- TCL Research, No. 1001 Zhongshan Park Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
| | - Longjia Wu
- TCL Research, No. 1001 Zhongshan Park Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
| | - Yixing Yang
- TCL Research, No. 1001 Zhongshan Park Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
| | - Haifang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hai Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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36
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Ozdemir R, Van Avermaet H, Erdem O, Schiettecatte P, Hens Z, Aubert T. Quantum Dot Patterning and Encapsulation by Maskless Lithography for Display Technologies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:9629-9637. [PMID: 36759961 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For their unique optical properties, quantum dots (QDs) have been extensively used as light emitters in a number of photonic and optoelectronic applications. They even met commercialization success through their implementation in high-end displays with unmatched brightness and color rendering. For such applications, however, QDs must be shielded from oxygen and water vapor, which are known to degrade their optical properties over time. Even with highly qualitative QDs, this can only be achieved through their encapsulation between barrier layers. With the emergence of mini- and microLED for higher contrast and miniaturized displays, new strategies must be found for the concomitant patterning and encapsulation of QDs, with sub-millimeter resolution. To this end, we developed a new approach for the direct patterning of QDs through maskless lithography. By combining QDs in photopolymerizable resins with digital light processing (DLP) projectors, we developed a versatile and massively parallel fabrication process for the additive manufacturing of functional structures that we refer to as QD pockets. These 3D heterostructures are designed to provide isotropic encapsulation of the QDs, and hence prevent edge ingress from the lateral sides of QD films, which remains a shortcoming of the current technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resul Ozdemir
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Hannes Van Avermaet
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Onur Erdem
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Zeger Hens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Tangi Aubert
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
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37
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Xiao P, Zhang Z, Ge J, Deng Y, Chen X, Zhang JR, Deng Z, Kambe Y, Talapin DV, Wang Y. Surface passivation of intensely luminescent all-inorganic nanocrystals and their direct optical patterning. Nat Commun 2023; 14:49. [PMID: 36599825 PMCID: PMC9813348 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
All-inorganic nanocrystals (NCs) are of great importance in a range of electronic devices. However, current all-inorganic NCs suffer from limitations in their optical properties, such as low fluorescence efficiencies. Here, we develop a general surface treatment strategy to obtain intensely luminescent all-inorganic NCs (ILANs) by using designed metal salts with noncoordinating anions that play a dual role in the surface treatment process: (i) removing the original organic ligands and (ii) binding to unpassivated Lewis basic sites to preserve the photoluminescent (PL) properties of the NCs. The absolute photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of red-emitting CdSe/ZnS NCs, green-emitting CdSe/CdZnSeS/ZnS NCs and blue-emitting CdZnS/ZnS NCs in polar solvents are 97%, 80% and 72%, respectively. Further study reveals that the passivated Lewis basic sites of ILANs by metal cations boost the efficiency of radiative recombination of electron-hole pairs. While the passivation of Lewis basic sites leads to a high PLQY of ILANs, the exposed Lewis acidic sites provide the possibility for in situ tuning of the functions of NCs, creating opportunities for direct optical patterning of functional NCs with high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Xiao
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhoufan Zhang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Junjun Ge
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Yalei Deng
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Xufeng Chen
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Rong Zhang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengtao Deng
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Kambe
- NanoPattern Technologies, Inc., Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Dmitri V. Talapin
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
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38
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Chang JH, Jung D, Lee HJ, Shin D, Kim Y, Hahm D, Wang X, Lee DC, Hwang E, Park YS, Bae WK. Impact of Morphological Inhomogeneity on Excitonic States in Highly Mismatched Alloy ZnSe 1-XTe X Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11464-11472. [PMID: 36469328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ZnSe1-XTeX nanocrystals (NCs) are promising photon emitters with tunable emission across the violet to orange range and near-unity quantum yields. However, these NCs suffer from broad emission line widths and multiple exciton decay dynamics, which discourage their practicable use. Here, we explore the excitonic states in ZnSe1-XTeX NCs and their photophysical characteristics in relation to the morphological inhomogeneity of highly mismatched alloys. Ensemble and single-dot spectroscopic analysis of a series of ZnSe1-XTeX NC samples with varying Te ratios coupled with computational calculations shows that, due to the distinct electronegativity between Se and Te, nearest-neighbor Te pairs in ZnSe1-XTeX alloys create localized hole states spectrally distributed approximately 130 meV above the 1Sh level of homogeneous ZnSe1-XTeX NCs. This forms spatially separated excitons (delocalized electron and localized hole in trap), accounting for both inhomogeneous and homogeneous line width broadening with delayed recombination dynamics. Our results identify photophysical characteristics of excitonic states in NCs made of highly mismatched alloys and provide future research directions with potential implications for photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyuk Chang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Dongju Jung
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hak June Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Doyoon Shin
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Youngdu Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Donghyo Hahm
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Xinbiao Wang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Doh C Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Euyheon Hwang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Young-Shin Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Wan Ki Bae
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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39
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Baek GW, Kim YJ, Lee M, Kwon Y, Chun B, Park G, Seo H, Yang H, Kwak J. Progress in the Development of Active-Matrix Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Driven by Non-Si Thin-Film Transistors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15238511. [PMID: 36500003 PMCID: PMC9736594 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to discuss the key accomplishments and further prospects of active-matrix (AM) quantum-dot (QD) light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) display. We present an overview and state-of-the-art of QLEDs as a frontplane and non-Si-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) as a backplane to meet the requirements for the next-generation displays, such as flexibility, transparency, low power consumption, fast response, high efficiency, and operational reliability. After a brief introduction, we first review the research on non-Si-based TFTs using metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides, and semiconducting carbon nanotubes as the driving unit of display devices. Next, QLED technologies are analyzed in terms of the device structure, device engineering, and QD patterning technique to realize high-performance, full-color AM-QLEDs. Lastly, recent research on the monolithic integration of TFT-QLED is examined, which proposes a new perspective on the integrated device. We anticipate that this review will help the readership understand the fundamentals, current state, and issues on TFTs and QLEDs for future AM-QLED displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Woo Baek
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeunwoo Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomsoo Chun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganghyun Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Seo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kwak
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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40
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Hu T, Brinker CJ, Chan WCW, Chen C, Chen X, Ho D, Kataoka K, Kotov NA, Liz-Marzán LM, Nel AE, Parak WJ, Stevens M. Publishing Translational Research of Nanomedicine in ACS Nano. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17479-17481. [PMID: 36440801 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Fan
- Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo, China.
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