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Ge Y, Dou X, Chen P, Chen J, Dai M, Yao S, Lin Y. Treadmill Exercise Enhances Post-Stroke Functional Recovery in Mice via the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Signaling Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04287-1. [PMID: 38886327 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
To validate that treadmill exercise promotes neurofunctional recovery post ischemic stroke and to specifically explore the role of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling pathway in this treadmill-mediated recovery process. C57BL/6 J mice were used to establish a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. From days 5 to 28 post-stroke, the experimental group did 10-min treadmill sessions twice daily at 12 r/min; the control group remained inactive. On day 6 post-stroke, mice received three intraperitoneal injections of Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) or PBS. On days 1, 3, and 5 post-stroke, mice received intracerebroventricular injections of exogenous recombinant CX3CL1, CX3CL1 antagonist, or PBS. The modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and the corner test were used to assess sensorimotor function, and the morris water maze (MWM) test was employed to evaluate cognitive function. Western blot detected CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 protein expression, while immunofluorescence observed these proteins, neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ), rostral migratory stream (RMS), and dentate gyrus (DG), along with Iba1 and CD68 co-expression. ELISA quantified IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-10 levels. Treadmill exercise significantly improved neurofunctional recovery in MCAO mice, enhanced neurogenesis in the RMS and SVZ, and increased the expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1. The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis enhanced the impact of treadmill exercise on neurofunctional recovery, promoting neurogenesis in the RMS and SVZ, and reducing inflammation. Additionally, this axis also enhanced neurogenesis and suppressed microglial activation in the DG induced by treadmill exercise. This study demonstrates the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 pathway as critical for treadmill-induced post-stroke recovery, indicating its potential target for exercise mimetics in rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoke Dou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan, China
| | - Maosha Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan, China
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan, China.
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan, China.
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Wang L, Wan W, Zhang S, Keswani T, Li G, Xiao J. RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation in exercised heart: Mechanisms and opportunities for intervention. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101274. [PMID: 38653129 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise has been widely acknowledged as a beneficial lifestyle alteration and a potent non-pharmacological treatment for heart disease. Extensive investigations have revealed the beneficial effects of exercise on the heart and the underlying mechanisms involved. Exercise is considered one of the key factors that can lead to epigenetic alterations. The increasing number of identified molecules in the exercised heart has led to many studies in recent years that have explored the cellular function of ncRNAs and RNA modifications in the heart. Investigating the regulatory role of RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation in exercised hearts will contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies for the management of heart diseases. This review aims to summarize the positive impact of exercise on cardiac health. We will first provide an overview of the mechanisms through which exercise offers protection to the heart. Subsequently, we will delve into the current understanding of ncRNAs, specifically miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, as well as RNA modification, focusing on RNA m6A and RNA A-to-I editing, and how they contribute to exercise-induced benefits for the heart. Lastly, we will explore the emerging therapeutic strategies that utilize exercise-mediated RNA epigenetic regulation in the treatment of heart diseases, while also addressing the challenges faced in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education), School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wensi Wan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education), School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education), School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Tarun Keswani
- Center for Immunological and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education), School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Walzik D, Wences Chirino TY, Zimmer P, Joisten N. Molecular insights of exercise therapy in disease prevention and treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:138. [PMID: 38806473 PMCID: PMC11133400 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial evidence emphasizing the pleiotropic benefits of exercise for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Several exercise benefits have been attributed to signaling molecules that are released in response to exercise by different tissues such as skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, adipose, and liver tissue. These signaling molecules, which are collectively termed exerkines, form a heterogenous group of bioactive substances, mediating inter-organ crosstalk as well as structural and functional tissue adaption. Numerous scientific endeavors have focused on identifying and characterizing new biological mediators with such properties. Additionally, some investigations have focused on the molecular targets of exerkines and the cellular signaling cascades that trigger adaption processes. A detailed understanding of the tissue-specific downstream effects of exerkines is crucial to harness the health-related benefits mediated by exercise and improve targeted exercise programs in health and disease. Herein, we review the current in vivo evidence on exerkine-induced signal transduction across multiple target tissues and highlight the preventive and therapeutic value of exerkine signaling in various diseases. By emphasizing different aspects of exerkine research, we provide a comprehensive overview of (i) the molecular underpinnings of exerkine secretion, (ii) the receptor-dependent and receptor-independent signaling cascades mediating tissue adaption, and (iii) the clinical implications of these mechanisms in disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Walzik
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Tiffany Y Wences Chirino
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
- Division of Exercise and Movement Science, Institute for Sport Science, University of Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
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Szilágyi A, Takács B, Szekeres R, Tarjányi V, Nagy D, Priksz D, Bombicz M, Kiss R, Szabó AM, Lehoczki A, Gesztelyi R, Juhász B, Szilvássy Z, Varga B. Effects of voluntary and forced physical exercise on the retinal health of aging Wistar rats. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01208-x. [PMID: 38795184 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by an increased prevalence of degenerative conditions, including those affecting ocular health, which significantly impact quality of life and increase the burden on healthcare systems. Among these, retinal aging is of particular concern due to its direct link to vision impairment, a leading cause of disability in the elderly. Vision loss in the aging population is associated with heightened risks of cognitive decline, social isolation, and morbidity. This study addresses the critical gap in our understanding of modifiable lifestyle factors, such as physical exercise, that may mitigate retinal aging and its related pathologies. We investigated the effects of different exercise regimens-voluntary (recreational-type) and forced (high-intensity)-on the retinal health of aging Wistar rats (18-month-old), serving as a model for studying the translational potential of exercise interventions in humans. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a young control (3-month-old) for baseline comparison, an aged sedentary control, an aged group engaging in voluntary exercise via a running wheel in their cage, and an aged group subjected to forced exercise on a treadmill for six sessions of 20 min each per week. After a 6-month experimental period, we assessed retinal function via electroretinography (ERG), measured retinal thickness histologically, and analyzed protein expression changes relevant to oxidative stress, inflammation, and anti-aging mechanisms. Our findings reveal that voluntary exercise positively impacts retinal function and morphology, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation markers while enhancing anti-aging protein expression. In contrast, forced exercise showed diminished benefits. These insights underscore the importance of exercise intensity and preference in preserving retinal health during aging. The study highlights the potential of recreational physical activity as a non-invasive strategy to counteract retinal aging, advocating for further research into exercise regimens as preventative therapies for age-related ocular degenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szilágyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Barbara Takács
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Réka Szekeres
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Vera Tarjányi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dávid Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Priksz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mariann Bombicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rita Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Mónika Szabó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Lehoczki
- Departments of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Saint Ladislaus Campus, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral College, Health Sciences Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Béla Juhász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szilvássy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Zhang XY, Wu WX, Shen LP, Ji MJ, Zhao PF, Yu L, Yin J, Xie ST, Xie YY, Zhang YX, Li HZ, Zhang QP, Yan C, Wang F, De Zeeuw CI, Wang JJ, Zhu JN. A role for the cerebellum in motor-triggered alleviation of anxiety. Neuron 2024; 112:1165-1181.e8. [PMID: 38301648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise is known to reduce anxiety, but the underlying brain mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we explore a hypothalamo-cerebello-amygdalar circuit that may mediate motor-dependent alleviation of anxiety. This three-neuron loop, in which the cerebellar dentate nucleus takes center stage, bridges the motor system with the emotional system. Subjecting animals to a constant rotarod engages glutamatergic cerebellar dentate neurons that drive PKCδ+ amygdalar neurons to elicit an anxiolytic effect. Moreover, challenging animals on an accelerated rather than a constant rotarod engages hypothalamic neurons that provide a superimposed anxiolytic effect via an orexinergic projection to the dentate neurons that activate the amygdala. Our findings reveal a cerebello-limbic pathway that may contribute to motor-triggered alleviation of anxiety and that may be optimally exploited during challenging physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen-Xia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li-Ping Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Miao-Jin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhao
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Institute of Physical Education, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 211200, China
| | - Jun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shu-Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yun-Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang-Xun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Zhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jian-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing-Ning Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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6
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Rodrigues RS, Moreira JB, Mateus JM, Barateiro A, Paulo SL, Vaz SH, Lourenço DM, Ribeiro FF, Soares R, Loureiro-Campos E, Bielefeld P, Sebastião AM, Fernandes A, Pinto L, Fitzsimons CP, Xapelli S. Cannabinoid type 2 receptor inhibition enhances the antidepressant and proneurogenic effects of physical exercise after chronic stress. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:170. [PMID: 38555299 PMCID: PMC10981758 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is a major risk factor for neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) has emerged as a promising target to counteract stress-related disorders given the ability of newborn neurons to facilitate endogenous plasticity. Recent data sheds light on the interaction between cannabinoids and neurotrophic factors underlying the regulation of AHN, with important effects on cognitive plasticity and emotional flexibility. Since physical exercise (PE) is known to enhance neurotrophic factor levels, we hypothesised that PE could engage with cannabinoids to influence AHN and that this would result in beneficial effects under stressful conditions. We therefore investigated the actions of modulating cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2R), which are devoid of psychotropic effects, in combination with PE in chronically stressed animals. We found that CB2R inhibition, but not CB2R activation, in combination with PE significantly ameliorated stress-evoked emotional changes and cognitive deficits. Importantly, this combined strategy critically shaped stress-induced changes in AHN dynamics, leading to a significant increase in the rates of cell proliferation and differentiation of newborn neurons, overall reduction in neuroinflammation, and increased hippocampal levels of BDNF. Together, these results show that CB2Rs are crucial regulators of the beneficial effects of PE in countering the effects of chronic stress. Our work emphasises the importance of understanding the mechanisms behind the actions of cannabinoids and PE and provides a framework for future therapeutic strategies to treat stress-related disorders that capitalise on lifestyle interventions complemented with endocannabinoid pharmacomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | - J B Moreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J M Mateus
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Barateiro
- Central Nervous System, blood and peripheral inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S L Paulo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S H Vaz
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - D M Lourenço
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F F Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Soares
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E Loureiro-Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - P Bielefeld
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Fernandes
- Central Nervous System, blood and peripheral inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - C P Fitzsimons
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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7
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López-Otín C, Kroemer G. The missing hallmark of health: psychosocial adaptation. Cell Stress 2024; 8:21-50. [PMID: 38476764 PMCID: PMC10928495 DOI: 10.15698/cst2024.03.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The eight biological hallmarks of health that we initially postulated (Cell. 2021 Jan 7;184(1):33-63) include features of spatial compartmentalization (integrity of barriers, containment of local perturbations), maintenance of homeostasis over time (recycling & turnover, integration of circuitries, rhythmic oscillations) and an array of adequate responses to stress (homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, repair & regeneration). These hallmarks affect all eight somatic strata of the human body (molecules, organelles, cells, supracellular units, organs, organ systems, systemic circuitries and meta-organism). Here we postulate that mental and socioeconomic factors must be added to this 8×8 matrix as an additional hallmark of health ("psychosocial adaptation") and as an additional stratum ("psychosocial interactions"), hence building a 9×9 matrix. Potentially, perturbation of each of the somatic hallmarks and strata affects psychosocial factors and vice versa. Finally, we discuss the (patho)physiological bases of these interactions and their implications for mental health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos López-Otín
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y la Naturaleza, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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8
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Ekwudo MN, Gubert C, Hannan AJ. The microbiota-gut-brain axis in Huntington's disease: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38426291 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a currently incurable neurogenerative disorder and is typically characterized by progressive movement disorder (including chorea), cognitive deficits (culminating in dementia), psychiatric abnormalities (the most common of which is depression), and peripheral symptoms (including gastrointestinal dysfunction). There are currently no approved disease-modifying therapies available for HD, with death usually occurring approximately 10-25 years after onset, but some therapies hold promising potential. HD subjects are often burdened by chronic diarrhea, constipation, esophageal and gastric inflammation, and a susceptibility to diabetes. Our understanding of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in HD is in its infancy and growing evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests a role of gut microbial population imbalance (gut dysbiosis) in HD pathophysiology. The gut and the brain can communicate through the enteric nervous system, immune system, vagus nerve, and microbiota-derived-metabolites including short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and branched-chain amino acids. This review summarizes supporting evidence demonstrating the alterations in bacterial and fungal composition that may be associated with HD. We focus on mechanisms through which gut dysbiosis may compromise brain and gut health, thus triggering neuroinflammatory responses, and further highlight outcomes of attempts to modulate the gut microbiota as promising therapeutic strategies for HD. Ultimately, we discuss the dearth of data and the need for more longitudinal and translational studies in this nascent field. We suggest future directions to improve our understanding of the association between gut microbes and the pathogenesis of HD, and other 'brain and body disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millicent N Ekwudo
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Carolina Gubert
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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9
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Zhao R. Exercise mimetics: a novel strategy to combat neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:40. [PMID: 38308368 PMCID: PMC10837901 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by the stimulation of resident immune cells of the brain and the penetration of peripheral immune cells. These inflammatory processes facilitate the deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Managing neuroinflammation to restore immune homeostasis and decrease neuronal damage is a therapeutic approach for AD. One way to achieve this is through exercise, which can improve brain function and protect against neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and synaptic dysfunction in AD models. The neuroprotective impact of exercise is regulated by various molecular factors that can be activated in the same way as exercise by the administration of their mimetics. Recent evidence has proven some exercise mimetics effective in alleviating neuroinflammation and AD, and, additionally, they are a helpful alternative option for patients who are unable to perform regular physical exercise to manage neurodegenerative disorders. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge on exercise mimetics, including their efficacy, regulatory mechanisms, progress, challenges, limitations, and future guidance for their application in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renqing Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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10
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English C, Simpson DB, Billinger SA, Churilov L, Coupland KG, Drummond A, Kuppuswamy A, Kutlubaev MA, Lerdal A, Mahmood A, Moseley GL, Pittman QJ, Riley EA, Sutherland BA, Wong CHY, Corbett D, Mead G. A roadmap for research in post-stroke fatigue: Consensus-based core recommendations from the third Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable. Int J Stroke 2024; 19:133-144. [PMID: 37424273 PMCID: PMC10811972 DOI: 10.1177/17474930231189135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fatigue affects almost half of all people living with stroke. Stroke survivors rank understanding fatigue and how to reduce it as one of the highest research priorities. METHODS We convened an interdisciplinary, international group of clinical and pre-clinical researchers and lived experience experts. We identified four priority areas: (1) best measurement tools for research, (2) clinical identification of fatigue and potentially modifiable causes, (3) promising interventions and recommendations for future trials, and (4) possible biological mechanisms of fatigue. Cross-cutting themes were aphasia and the voice of people with lived experience. Working parties were formed and structured consensus building processes were followed. RESULTS We present 20 recommendations covering outcome measures for research, development, and testing of new interventions and priority areas for future research on the biology of post-stroke fatigue. We developed and recommend the use of the Stroke Fatigue Clinical Assessment Tool. CONCLUSIONS By synthesizing current knowledge in post-stroke fatigue across clinical and pre-clinical fields, our work provides a roadmap for future research into post-stroke fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Dawn B Simpson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra A Billinger
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Centre, University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centre, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Department of Medicine (RMH), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirsten G Coupland
- Heart and Stroke Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Avril Drummond
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Anners Lerdal
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Department, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amreen Mahmood
- Faculty of Health, Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - G Lorimer Moseley
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Quentin J Pittman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ellyn A Riley
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Connie HY Wong
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dale Corbett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Roger Guindon Hall, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gillian Mead
- Ageing and Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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11
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Widjaya MA, Lee SD, Cheng WC, Wu BT. Effects of Exercise Training on Immune-Related Genes and Pathways in the Cortex of Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1219-1234. [PMID: 38578886 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects the immune system due to the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau associated molecular pathology and other pathogenic processes. To address AD pathogenesis, various approaches had been conducted from drug development to lifestyle modification to reduce the prevalence of AD. Exercise is considered a prominent lifestyle modification to combat AD. Objective This observation prompted us to review the literature on exercise related to immune genes in the cortex of animal models of AD. We focused on animal model studies due to their prevalence in this domain. Methods The systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA standards using Web of Science (WoS) and PubMed databases. Any kind of genes, proteins, and molecular molecules were included in this systematic review. The list of these immune-related molecules was analyzed in the STRING database for functional enrichment analysis. Results We found that 17 research studies discussed immune-related molecules and 30 immune proteins. These studies showed that exercise had the ability to ameliorate dysfunction in AD-related pathways, which led to decreasing the expression of microglia-related pathways and Th17-related immune pathways. As a result of decreasing the expression of immune-related pathways, the expression of apoptosis-related pathways was also decreasing, and neuronal survival was increased by exercise activity. Conclusions Based on functional enrichment analysis, exercise not only could reduce apoptotic factors and immune components but also could increase cell survival and Aβ clearance in cortex samples. PROSPERO ID: CRD42022326093.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Anekson Widjaya
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, PhD program in Healthcare Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Tsang Wu
- Department of Senior Citizen Service Management, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Adams JA, Uryash A, Lopez JR. Harnessing Passive Pulsatile Shear Stress for Alzheimer's Disease Prevention and Intervention. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:387-401. [PMID: 38393906 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects more than 40 million people worldwide and is the leading cause of dementia. This disease is a challenge for both patients and caregivers and puts a significant strain on the global healthcare system. To address this issue, the Lancet Commission recommends focusing on reducing modifiable lifestyle risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and physical inactivity. Passive pulsatile shear stress (PPSS) interventions, which use devices like whole-body periodic acceleration, periodic acceleration along the Z-axis (pGz), and the Jogging Device, have shown significant systemic and cellular effects in preclinical and clinical models which address these modifiable risks factors. Based on this, we propose that PPSS could be a potential non-pharmacological and non-invasive preventive or therapeutic strategy for AD. We perform a comprehensive review of the biological basis based on all publications of PPSS using these devices and demonstrate their effects on the various aspects of AD. We draw from this comprehensive analysis to support our hypothesis. We then delve into the possible application of PPSS as an innovative intervention. We discuss how PPSS holds promise in ameliorating hypertension and diabetes while mitigating physical inactivity, potentially offering a holistic approach to AD prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Jose R Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
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13
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Kuppuswamy A, Billinger S, Coupland KG, English C, Kutlubaev MA, Moseley L, Pittman QJ, Simpson DB, Sutherland BA, Wong C, Corbett D. Mechanisms of Post-Stroke Fatigue: A Follow-Up From the Third Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2024; 38:52-61. [PMID: 38156702 PMCID: PMC10798014 DOI: 10.1177/15459683231219266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is a significant and highly prevalent symptom, whose mechanisms are poorly understood. The third Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable paper on PSF focussed primarily on defining and measuring PSF while mechanisms were briefly discussed. This companion paper to the main paper is aimed at elaborating possible mechanisms of PSF. METHODS This paper reviews the available evidence that potentially explains the pathophysiology of PSF and draws parallels from fatigue literature in other conditions. We start by proposing a case for phenotyping PSF based on structural, functional, and behavioral characteristics of PSF. This is followed by discussion of a potentially significant role of early inflammation in the development of fatigue, specifically the impact of low-grade inflammation and its long-term systemic effects resulting in PSF. Of the many neurotransmitter systems in the brain, the dopaminergic systems have the most evidence for a role in PSF, along with a role in sensorimotor processing. Sensorimotor neural network dynamics are compromised as highlighted by evidence from both neurostimulation and neuromodulation studies. The double-edged sword effect of exercise on PSF provides further insight into how PSF might emerge and the importance of carefully titrating interventional paradigms. CONCLUSION The paper concludes by synthesizing the presented evidence into a unifying model of fatigue which distinguishes between factors that pre-dispose, precipitate, and perpetuate PSF. This framework will help guide new research into the biological mechanisms of PSF which is a necessary prerequisite for developing treatments to mitigate the debilitating effects of post-stroke fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapoorna Kuppuswamy
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sandra Billinger
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, MO, USA
| | - Kirsten G. Coupland
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Australia Heart and Stroke Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Australia Heart and Stroke Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Lorimer Moseley
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Quentin J. Pittman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dawn B. Simpson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Australia Heart and Stroke Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Brad A. Sutherland
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TS, Australia
| | - Connie Wong
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dale Corbett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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14
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English C, Simpson DB, Billinger SA, Churilov L, Coupland KG, Drummond A, Kuppuswamy A, Kutlubaev MA, Lerdal A, Mahmood A, Moseley GL, Pittman QJ, Riley EA, Sutherland BA, Wong CHY, Corbett D, Mead G. A roadmap for research in post-stroke fatigue: Consensus-based core recommendations from the third Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2024; 38:7-18. [PMID: 37837346 PMCID: PMC10798034 DOI: 10.1177/15459683231209170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fatigue affects almost half of all people living with stroke. Stroke survivors rank understanding fatigue and how to reduce it as one of the highest research priorities. METHODS We convened an interdisciplinary, international group of clinical and pre-clinical researchers and lived experience experts. We identified four priority areas: (1) best measurement tools for research, (2) clinical identification of fatigue and potentially modifiable causes, (3) promising interventions and recommendations for future trials, and (4) possible biological mechanisms of fatigue. Cross-cutting themes were aphasia and the voice of people with lived experience. Working parties were formed and structured consensus building processes were followed. RESULTS We present 20 recommendations covering outcome measures for research, development, and testing of new interventions and priority areas for future research on the biology of post-stroke fatigue. We developed and recommend the use of the Stroke Fatigue Clinical Assessment Tool. CONCLUSIONS By synthesizing current knowledge in post-stroke fatigue across clinical and pre-clinical fields, our work provides a roadmap for future research into post-stroke fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Dawn B Simpson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra A Billinger
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Centre, University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centre, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Department of Medicine (RMH), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirsten G Coupland
- Heart and Stroke Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Avril Drummond
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Anners Lerdal
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Department, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amreen Mahmood
- Faculty of Health, Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - G Lorimer Moseley
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Quentin J Pittman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ellyn A Riley
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Connie HY Wong
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dale Corbett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Roger Guindon Hall, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gillian Mead
- Ageing and Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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15
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Corcos DM, Lamotte G, Luthra NS, McKee KE. Advice to People with Parkinson's in My Clinic: Exercise. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:609-617. [PMID: 38189710 PMCID: PMC11091645 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that exercise must be part of main line therapy for people with Parkinson's disease. In this viewpoint, we outline the four key components of exercise: aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, flexibility exercise, and neuromotor exercises (posture, gait, balance, and agility) that can improve both motor and non-motor symptoms of the disease and, in the case of aerobic exercise, may delay the disease. We outline guidelines on how to change and optimize the exercise prescription at different stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Corcos
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guillaume Lamotte
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nijee S. Luthra
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen E. McKee
- Neurosciences Clinical Program, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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16
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Zhu Y, Song G. Molecular origin and biological effects of exercise mimetics. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:73-85. [PMID: 38187084 PMCID: PMC10770624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of sports science and molecular biology technology, academia refers to molecules or microorganisms that mimic or enhance the beneficial effects of exercise on the body, called "exercise mimetics." This review aims to clarify the concept and development history of exercise mimetics, and to define the concept of exercise mimetics by summarizing its characteristics and functions. Candidate molecules and drug targets for exercise mimetics are summarized, and the relationship between exercise mimetics and exercise is explained, as well as the targeting system and function of exercise mimetics. The main targeting systems for exercise mimetics are the exercise system, circulatory system, endocrine system, endocrine system, and nervous system, while the immune system is potential targeting systems. Finally, future research directions for exercise mimetics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhu
- Key Lab of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Gang Song
- Key Lab of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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17
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Jara JS, Avci HX, Kouremenou I, Doulazmi M, Bakouche J, Dubacq C, Goyenvalle C, Mariani J, Lohof AM, Sherrard RM. Pax3 induces target-specific reinnervation through axon collateral expression of PSA-NCAM. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 232:102560. [PMID: 38097036 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Damaged or dysfunctional neural circuits can be replaced after a lesion by axon sprouting and collateral growth from undamaged neurons. Unfortunately, these new connections are often disorganized and rarely produce clinical improvement. Here we investigate how to promote post-lesion axonal collateral growth, while retaining correct cellular targeting. In the mouse olivocerebellar path, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) induces correctly-targeted post-lesion cerebellar reinnervation by remaining intact inferior olivary axons (climbing fibers). In this study we identified cellular processes through which BDNF induces this repair. BDNF injection into the denervated cerebellum upregulates the transcription factor Pax3 in inferior olivary neurons and induces rapid climbing fiber sprouting. Pax3 in turn increases polysialic acid-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) in the sprouting climbing fiber path, facilitating collateral outgrowth and pathfinding to reinnervate the correct targets, cerebellar Purkinje cells. BDNF-induced reinnervation can be reproduced by olivary Pax3 overexpression, and abolished by olivary Pax3 knockdown, suggesting that Pax3 promotes axon growth and guidance through upregulating PSA-NCAM, probably on the axon's growth cone. These data indicate that restricting growth-promotion to potential reinnervating afferent neurons, as opposed to stimulating the whole circuit or the injury site, allows axon growth and appropriate guidance, thus accurately rebuilding a neural circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sebastian Jara
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, IBPS-B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris France
| | - Hasan X Avci
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, IBPS-B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris France
| | - Ioanna Kouremenou
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, IBPS-B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris France
| | - Mohamed Doulazmi
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, IBPS-B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris France
| | - Joelle Bakouche
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, IBPS-B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris France
| | - Caroline Dubacq
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS & INSERM, IBPS-NPS, Neurosciences Paris Seine, Paris France
| | - Catherine Goyenvalle
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, IBPS-B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris France
| | - Jean Mariani
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, IBPS-B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris France
| | - Ann M Lohof
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, IBPS-B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris France
| | - Rachel M Sherrard
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, IBPS-B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris France.
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18
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de Souza PB, de Araujo Borba L, Castro de Jesus L, Valverde AP, Gil-Mohapel J, Rodrigues ALS. Major Depressive Disorder and Gut Microbiota: Role of Physical Exercise. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16870. [PMID: 38069198 PMCID: PMC10706777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has a high prevalence and is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. This psychiatric disorder results from a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors. In recent years, the role of the gut microbiota in brain health has received particular attention, and compelling evidence has shown that patients suffering from depression have gut dysbiosis. Several studies have reported that gut dysbiosis-induced inflammation may cause and/or contribute to the development of depression through dysregulation of the gut-brain axis. Indeed, as a consequence of gut dysbiosis, neuroinflammatory alterations caused by microglial activation together with impairments in neuroplasticity may contribute to the development of depressive symptoms. The modulation of the gut microbiota has been recognized as a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of MMD. In this regard, physical exercise has been shown to positively change microbiota composition and diversity, and this can underlie, at least in part, its antidepressant effects. Given this, the present review will explore the relationship between physical exercise, gut microbiota and depression, with an emphasis on the potential of physical exercise as a non-invasive strategy for modulating the gut microbiota and, through this, regulating the gut-brain axis and alleviating MDD-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Borges de Souza
- Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (P.B.d.S.); (L.d.A.B.); (L.C.d.J.); (A.P.V.)
| | - Laura de Araujo Borba
- Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (P.B.d.S.); (L.d.A.B.); (L.C.d.J.); (A.P.V.)
| | - Louise Castro de Jesus
- Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (P.B.d.S.); (L.d.A.B.); (L.C.d.J.); (A.P.V.)
| | - Ana Paula Valverde
- Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (P.B.d.S.); (L.d.A.B.); (L.C.d.J.); (A.P.V.)
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ana Lúcia S. Rodrigues
- Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (P.B.d.S.); (L.d.A.B.); (L.C.d.J.); (A.P.V.)
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19
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Jagtap U, Paul A. UCP1 activation: Hottest target in the thermogenesis pathway to treat obesity using molecules of synthetic and natural origin. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103717. [PMID: 37467882 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) has been discovered as a possible target for obesity treatment because of its widespread distribution in the inner mitochondrial membrane of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and high energy expenditure capabilities to burn calories as heat. UCP1 is dormant and does not produce heat without activation as it is inhibited by purine nucleotides. However, activation of UCP1 via either direct interaction with the UCP1 protein, an increase in the expression of UCP1 genes or the physiological production of fatty acids can lead to a rise in the thermogenesis phenomenon. Hence, activation of UCP1 through small molecules of synthetic and natural origin can be considered as a promising strategy to mitigate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Jagtap
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Atish Paul
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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20
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Bozkurt S, Lannin NA, Mychasiuk R, Semple BD. Environmental modifications to rehabilitate social behavior deficits after acquired brain injury: What is the evidence? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105278. [PMID: 37295762 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Social behavior deficits are a common, debilitating consequence of traumatic brain injury and stroke, particularly when sustained during childhood. Numerous factors influence the manifestation of social problems after acquired brain injuries, raising the question of whether environmental manipulations can minimize or prevent such deficits. Here, we examine both clinical and preclinical evidence addressing this question, with a particular focus on environmental enrichment paradigms and differing housing conditions. We aimed to understand whether environmental manipulations can ameliorate injury-induced social behavior deficits. In summary, promising data from experimental models supports a beneficial role of environmental enrichment on social behavior. However, limited studies have considered social outcomes in the chronic setting, and few studies have addressed the social context specifically as an important component of the post-injury environment. Clinically, limited high-caliber evidence supports the use of specific interventions for social deficits after acquired brain injuries. An improved understanding of how the post-injury environment interacts with the injured brain, particularly during development, is needed to validate the implementation of rehabilitative interventions that involve manipulating an individuals' environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Bozkurt
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natasha A Lannin
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Allied Health (Occupational Therapy), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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21
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Vints WAJ, Gökçe E, Langeard A, Pavlova I, Çevik ÖS, Ziaaldini MM, Todri J, Lena O, Sakkas GK, Jak S, Zorba (Zormpa) I, Karatzaferi C, Levin O, Masiulis N, Netz Y. Myokines as mediators of exercise-induced cognitive changes in older adults: protocol for a comprehensive living systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1213057. [PMID: 37520128 PMCID: PMC10374322 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1213057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The world's population is aging, but life expectancy has risen more than healthy life expectancy (HALE). With respect to brain and cognition, the prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders increases with age, affecting health and quality of life, and imposing significant healthcare costs. Although the effects of physical exercise on cognition in advanced age have been widely explored, in-depth fundamental knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of the exercise-induced cognitive improvements is lacking. Recent research suggests that myokines, factors released into the blood circulation by contracting skeletal muscle, may play a role in mediating the beneficial effect of exercise on cognition. Our goal in this ongoing (living) review is to continuously map the rapidly accumulating knowledge on pathways between acute or chronic exercise-induced myokines and cognitive domains enhanced by exercise. Method Randomized controlled studies will be systematically collected at baseline and every 6 months for at least 5 years. Literature search will be performed online in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, SportDiscus, LILACS, IBECS, CINAHL, SCOPUS, ICTRP, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (ROB 2). A random effects meta-analysis with mediation analysis using meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) will be performed. The primary research question is to what extent exercise-induced myokines serve as mediators of cognitive function. Secondarily, the pooled effect size of specific exercise characteristics (e.g., mode of exercise) or specific older adults' populations (e.g., cognitively impaired) on the relationship between exercise, myokines, and cognition will be assessed. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023416996). Discussion Understanding the triad relationship between exercise, myokines and cognition will expand the knowledge on multiple integrated network systems communicating between skeletal muscles and other organs such as the brain, thus mediating the beneficial effects of exercise on health and performance. It may also have practical implications, e.g., if a certain myokine is found to be a mediator between exercise and cognition, the optimal exercise characteristics for inducing this myokine can be prescribed. The living review is expected to improve our state of knowledge and refine exercise regimes for enhancing cognitive functioning in diverse older adults' populations. Registration Systematic review and meta-analysis protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on the 24th of April 2023 (registration number CRD42023416996).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A. J. Vints
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Research School Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Adelante Zorggroep Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Hoensbroek, Netherlands
| | - Evrim Gökçe
- Sports Rehabilitation Laboratory, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | | | - Iuliia Pavlova
- Department of Theory and Methods of Physical Culture, Lviv State University of Physical Culture, Lviv, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Jasemin Todri
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidad Catolica San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Orges Lena
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidad Catolica San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Giorgos K. Sakkas
- Lifestyle Medicine and Experimental Physiology and Myology Lab, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, The Center of Research and Evaluation of Human Performance (CREHP), University of Thessaly, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (TEFAA) Campus, Karyes, Greece
| | - Suzanne Jak
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Christina Karatzaferi
- Lifestyle Medicine and Experimental Physiology and Myology Lab, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, The Center of Research and Evaluation of Human Performance (CREHP), University of Thessaly, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (TEFAA) Campus, Karyes, Greece
| | - Oron Levin
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University of Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Nerijus Masiulis
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Yael Netz
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- The Levinsky-Wingate Academic Center, Wingate Campus, Netanya, Israel
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22
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Lopera F, Custodio N, Rico-Restrepo M, Allegri RF, Barrientos JD, Garcia Batres E, Calandri IL, Calero Moscoso C, Caramelli P, Duran Quiroz JC, Jansen AM, Mimenza Alvarado AJ, Nitrini R, Parodi JF, Ramos C, Slachevsky A, Brucki SMD. A task force for diagnosis and treatment of people with Alzheimer's disease in Latin America. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1198869. [PMID: 37497015 PMCID: PMC10367107 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1198869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a substantial burden to patients, their caregivers, health systems, and society in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). This impact is exacerbated by limited access to diagnosis, specialized care, and therapies for AD within and among nations. The region has varied geographic, ethnic, cultural, and economic conditions, which create unique challenges to AD diagnosis and management. To address these issues, the Americas Health Foundation convened a panel of eight neurologists, geriatricians, and psychiatrists from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru who are experts in AD for a three-day virtual meeting to discuss best practices for AD diagnosis and treatment in LAC and create a manuscript offering recommendations to address identified barriers. In LAC, several barriers hamper diagnosing and treating people with dementia. These barriers include access to healthcare, fragmented healthcare systems, limited research funding, unstandardized diagnosis and treatment, genetic heterogeneity, and varying social determinants of health. Additional training for physicians and other healthcare workers at the primary care level, region-specific or adequately adapted cognitive tests, increased public healthcare insurance coverage of testing and treatment, and dedicated search strategies to detect populations with gene variants associated with AD are among the recommendations to improve the landscape of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Lopera
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nilton Custodio
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Ricardo F. Allegri
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Instituto Neurológico Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Estuardo Garcia Batres
- Geriatric Unit, New Hope, Interior Hospital Atención Medica Siloé, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Ismael L. Calandri
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Instituto Neurológico Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Calero Moscoso
- Department of Neurology, HCAM Memory and Behavior Unit, University of Hospital Carlos Andrade Marin HCAM, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Duran Quiroz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology Division, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | | | - Alberto José Mimenza Alvarado
- Memory Disorders Clinic, Neurological Geriatrics Program, Department of Geriatrics, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose F. Parodi
- Centro de Investigación del Envejecimiento, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Claudia Ramos
- Antioquia Neurosciences Group, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Andrea Slachevsky
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sonia María Dozzi Brucki
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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23
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AO YAWEN, LI YUSHUANG, ZHAO YILIN, ZHANG LIANG, YANG RENJIE, ZHA YUNFEI. Hippocampal Subfield Volumes in Amateur Marathon Runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1208-1217. [PMID: 36878015 PMCID: PMC10241426 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Numerous studies have implicated the involvement of structure and function of the hippocampus in physical exercise, and the larger hippocampal volume is one of the relevant benefits reported in exercise. It remains to be determined how the different subfields of hippocampus respond to physical exercise. METHODS A 3D T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was acquired in 73 amateur marathon runners (AMR) and 52 healthy controls (HC) matched with age, sex, and education. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Fatigue Severity Scale were assessed in all participants. We obtained hippocampal subfield volumes using FreeSurfer 6.0. We compared the volumes of the hippocampal subfield between the two groups and ascertained correlation between the significant subfield metrics and the significant behavioral measure in AMR group. RESULTS The AMR had significantly better sleep than HC, manifested as with lower score of PSQI. Sleep duration in AMR and HC was not significantly different from each other. In the AMR group, the left and right hippocampus, cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), CA4, granule cell and molecular layers of the dentate gyrus, molecular layer, left CA2-3, and left hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area volumes were significantly larger compared with those in the HC group. In AMR group, the correlations between the PSQI and the hippocampal subfield volumes were not significant. No correlations were found between hippocampal subfield volumes and sleep duration in AMR group. CONCLUSIONS We reported larger volumes of specific hippocampal subfields in AMR, which may provide a hippocampal volumetric reserve that protects against age-related hippocampal deterioration. These findings should be further investigated in longitudinal studies.
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24
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Li K, Dong G, Gao Q. Martial arts enhances working memory and attention in school-aged children: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. J Exp Child Psychol 2023; 235:105725. [PMID: 37336063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Interventions can improve working memory and attention in school-aged children, but little is known about how regional changes in brain activity promoted by exercise mediate this cognitive improvement. This study focused on the improved neurocognitive functions and intrinsic regional variation within the brain by comparing school-aged children in a martial arts group with those in free-play and rest groups. With a pretest-posttest design, the d2 attention test and N-back tasks were carried out. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was performed during the pre- and post-intervention N-back tasks and rest. Following the intervention, the d2 attention in all groups remarkably increased, and the attention level of the martial arts group was substantially higher than those of the other two groups. Free-play and martial arts shortened the 1- and 2-back task reaction time and increased the 2-back accuracy rate (AR), and the martial arts group exhibited a significantly higher AR than the other two groups. In addition, the martial arts group showed higher activations in the right orbitofrontal cortex and right Broca's area (r-BA) regions post-intervention 1-back tasks, whereas a strong correlation was observed between 1-back performance and the related brain region. However, under the 2-back task, although the cognitive control was improved, the martial arts group decreased activation in the left frontopolar area and free play decreased the activation in the r-BA and right somatosensory cortex. Together, our findings showed that martial arts could be more conducive to cognitive improvement than physical exercise that requires no cognitive skills and that performing interventions in the earlier stages of childhood may improve the regulation of neural networks involved in cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Li
- Medical School, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, China
| | - Guijun Dong
- Department of Sports, Quzhou University, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, China.
| | - Quanfa Gao
- Department of Graduate School of Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong 250102, China; Mengyin No. 6 Middle School, Linyi, Shandong 276200, China
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25
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Ragni M, Fenaroli F, Ruocco C, Segala A, D’Antona G, Nisoli E, Valerio A. A balanced formula of essential amino acids promotes brain mitochondrial biogenesis and protects neurons from ischemic insult. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1197208. [PMID: 37397466 PMCID: PMC10308218 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1197208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the aging process, and aging is a strong risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases or brain injury characterized by impairment of mitochondrial function. Among these, ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and permanent disability worldwide. Pharmacological approaches for its prevention and therapy are limited. Although non-pharmacological interventions such as physical exercise, which promotes brain mitochondrial biogenesis, have been shown to exert preventive effects against ischemic stroke, regular feasibility is complex in older people, and nutraceutical strategies could be valuable alternatives. We show here that dietary supplementation with a balanced essential amino acid mixture (BCAAem) increased mitochondrial biogenesis and the endogenous antioxidant response in the hippocampus of middle-aged mice to an extent comparable to those elicited by treadmill exercise training, suggesting BCAAem as an effective exercise mimetic on brain mitochondrial health and disease prevention. In vitro BCAAem treatment directly exerted mitochondrial biogenic effects and induced antioxidant enzyme expression in primary mouse cortical neurons. Further, exposure to BCAAem protected cortical neurons from the ischemic damage induced by an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia (oxygen-glucose deprivation, OGD). BCAAem-mediated protection against OGD was abolished in the presence of rapamycin, Torin-1, or L-NAME, indicating the requirement of both mTOR and eNOS signaling pathways in the BCAAem effects. We propose BCAAem supplementation as an alternative to physical exercise to prevent brain mitochondrial derangements leading to neurodegeneration and as a nutraceutical intervention aiding recovery after cerebral ischemia in conjunction with conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Ragni
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Fenaroli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Ruocco
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnese Segala
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D’Antona
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy
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26
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Ávila-Gámiz F, Pérez-Cano A, Pérez-Berlanga J, Mullor-Vigo R, Zambrana-Infantes E, Santín L, Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda D. Sequential treadmill exercise and cognitive training synergistically increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. Physiol Behav 2023; 266:114184. [PMID: 37030425 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Combining physical and cognitive training has been suggested to promote further benefits on brain and cognition, which could include synergistic improvement of hippocampal neuroplasticity. In this paper, we investigated whether treadmill exercise followed by a working memory training in the water maze increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis to a greater extent than either treatment alone. Our results revealed that ten days of scheduled running enhance cell proliferation/survival in the short-term as well as performance in the water maze. Moreover, exercised mice that received working memory training displayed more surviving dentate granule cells compared to those untreated or subjected to only one of the treatments. According to these findings, we suggest that combining physical and cognitive stimulation yield synergic effects on adult hippocampal neurogenesis by extending the pool of newly-born cells and subsequently favouring their survival. Future research could take advantage from this non-invasive, multimodal approach to achieve substantial and longer-lasting enhancement in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which might be relevant for improving cognition in healthy or neurologically impaired conditions.
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27
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Kang H, Lin CY, Fan Y. Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Irisin: Harnessing Its Function in Degenerative Disorders and Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076551. [PMID: 37047523 PMCID: PMC10095399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is well-established as an important protective factor against degenerative conditions and a promoter of tissue growth and renewal. The discovery of Fibronectin domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) as the precursor of Irisin in 2012 sparked significant interest in its potential as a diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic agent for various diseases. Clinical studies have examined the correlation between plasma Irisin levels and pathological conditions using a range of assays, but the lack of reliable measurements for endogenous Irisin has led to uncertainty about its prognostic/diagnostic potential as an exercise surrogate. Animal and tissue-engineering models have shown the protective effects of Irisin treatment in reversing functional impairment and potentially permanent damage, but dosage ambiguities remain unresolved. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the clinical and basic studies of Irisin in the context of degenerative conditions and explores its potential as a therapeutic approach in the physiological processes involved in tissue repair/regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Hongyan Kang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chia-Ying Lin
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
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28
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Skouras AZ, Antonakis-Karamintzas D, Tsantes AG, Triantafyllou A, Papagiannis G, Tsolakis C, Koulouvaris P. The Acute and Chronic Effects of Resistance and Aerobic Exercise in Hemostatic Balance: A Brief Review. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11040074. [PMID: 37104148 PMCID: PMC10143125 DOI: 10.3390/sports11040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemostatic balance refers to the dynamic balance between blood clot formation (coagulation), blood clot dissolution (fibrinolysis), anticoagulation, and innate immunity. Although regular habitual exercise may lower the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) by improving an individual’s hemostatic profile at rest and during exertion, vigorous exercise may increase the risk of sudden cardiac death and venous thromboembolism (VTE). This literature review aims to investigate the hemostatic system’s acute and chronic adaptive responses to different types of exercise in healthy and patient populations. Compared to athletes, sedentary healthy individuals demonstrate similar post-exercise responses in platelet function and coagulatory and fibrinolytic potential. However, hemostatic adaptations of patients with chronic diseases in regular training is a promising field. Despite the increased risk of thrombotic events during an acute bout of vigorous exercise, regular exposure to high-intensity exercise might desensitize exercise-induced platelet aggregation, moderate coagulatory parameters, and up-regulate fibrinolytic potential via increasing tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and decreasing plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) response. Future research might focus on combining different types of exercise, manipulating each training characteristic (frequency, intensity, time, and volume), or investigating the minimal exercise dosage required to maintain hemostatic balance, especially in patients with various health conditions.
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Sun Q, Liu Z, Xie C, Hu L, Li H, Ge Y, Lin L, Tang B. The development of novel multifunctional drug system 7,8-DHF@ZIF-8 and its potential application in bone defect healing. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113102. [PMID: 36584450 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise has long been considered an essential regulator of bone formation. Recent studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important cytokine released during physical exercise to promote osteogenic differentiation and facilitate the bone defect healing process. In this study, we developed a multifunctional system 7,8-DHF@ZIF-8, which combines the superior osteogenesis and angiogenesis properties of ZIF-8 and the unique capability of 7,8-DHF to mimic the function of BDNF to compensate for the routine physical exercise missed during the bone defect period. Various material characterizations were performed to confirm the successful synthesis of 7,8-DHF@ZIF-8. Drug release experiments suggested that 7,8-DHF@ZIF-8 could achieve slow diffusive release under physiological conditions within seven days. In vitro cell experiments indicated that low concentrations of ZIF-8 and 7,8-DHF@ZIF-8 could significantly promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, as proved by RT-QPCR analysis, incorporating 7,8-DHF into ZIF-8 could further enhance osteogenesis and angiogenesis-related gene expression. Therefore, we believe that the multifunctional drug system 7,8-DHF@ZIF-8 should have promising applications to facilitate bone defect healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qili Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhanpeng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Liqiu Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Huili Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yongmei Ge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Lijun Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, PR China.
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30
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Takada S, Fumoto Y, Kinugawa S. Ergogenic effects of caffeine are mediated by myokines. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:969623. [PMID: 36570495 PMCID: PMC9774489 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.969623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has long been known to effectively improve and enhance skeletal muscle function and performance. The favorable effects of exercise on remote organs other than skeletal muscle are well known, but the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. Recent studies have indicated that skeletal muscle not only enables body movement, but also contributes to body homeostasis and the systemic stress response via the expression and/or secretion of cytokines (so-called myokines). Not only the induction of muscle contraction itself, but also changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) have been suggested to be involved in myokine production and secretion. Caffeine is widely known as a Ca2+ ionophore, which improves skeletal muscle function and exercise performance (i.e., an "ergogenic aid"). Interestingly, some studies reported that caffeine or an increase in [Ca2+]i enhances the expression and/or secretion of myokines. In this review, we discuss the association between caffeine as an ergogenic aid and myokine regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Takada
- Department of Lifelong Sport, School of Sports Education, Hokusho University, Ebetsu, Japan,Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan,*Correspondence: Shingo Takada ;
| | - Yoshizuki Fumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,Shintaro Kinugawa
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Nunn AVW, Guy GW, Brysch W, Bell JD. Understanding Long COVID; Mitochondrial Health and Adaptation-Old Pathways, New Problems. Biomedicines 2022; 10:3113. [PMID: 36551869 PMCID: PMC9775339 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Many people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 suffer long-term symptoms, such as "brain fog", fatigue and clotting problems. Explanations for "long COVID" include immune imbalance, incomplete viral clearance and potentially, mitochondrial dysfunction. As conditions with sub-optimal mitochondrial function are associated with initial severity of the disease, their prior health could be key in resistance to long COVID and recovery. The SARs virus redirects host metabolism towards replication; in response, the host can metabolically react to control the virus. Resolution is normally achieved after viral clearance as the initial stress activates a hormetic negative feedback mechanism. It is therefore possible that, in some individuals with prior sub-optimal mitochondrial function, the virus can "tip" the host into a chronic inflammatory cycle. This might explain the main symptoms, including platelet dysfunction. Long COVID could thus be described as a virally induced chronic and self-perpetuating metabolically imbalanced non-resolving state characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction, where reactive oxygen species continually drive inflammation and a shift towards glycolysis. This would suggest that a sufferer's metabolism needs to be "tipped" back using a stimulus, such as physical activity, calorie restriction, or chemical compounds that mimic these by enhancing mitochondrial function, perhaps in combination with inhibitors that quell the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair V. W. Nunn
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Geoffrey W. Guy
- The Guy Foundation, Chedington Court, Beaminster, Dorset DT8 3HY, UK
| | | | - Jimmy D. Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
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Molecular mechanisms of exercise contributing to tissue regeneration. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:383. [PMID: 36446784 PMCID: PMC9709153 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has been known as an essential element to promote human health for centuries. Thus, exercise intervention is encouraged to battle against sedentary lifestyle. Recent rapid advances in molecular biotechnology have demonstrated that both endurance and resistance exercise training, two traditional types of exercise, trigger a series of physiological responses, unraveling the mechanisms of exercise regulating on the human body. Therefore, exercise has been expected as a candidate approach of alleviating a wide range of diseases, such as metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, tumors, and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, the capacity of exercise to promote tissue regeneration has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent decades. Since most adult human organs have a weak regenerative capacity, it is currently a key challenge in regenerative medicine to improve the efficiency of tissue regeneration. As research progresses, exercise-induced tissue regeneration seems to provide a novel approach for fighting against injury or senescence, establishing strong theoretical basis for more and more "exercise mimetics." These drugs are acting as the pharmaceutical alternatives of those individuals who cannot experience the benefits of exercise. Here, we comprehensively provide a description of the benefits of exercise on tissue regeneration in diverse organs, mainly focusing on musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, and nervous system. We also discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the regenerative effects of exercise and emerging therapeutic exercise mimetics for regeneration, as well as the associated opportunities and challenges. We aim to describe an integrated perspective on the current advances of distinct physiological mechanisms associated with exercise-induced tissue regeneration on various organs and facilitate the development of drugs that mimics the benefits of exercise.
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Hypoxia as a Double-Edged Sword to Combat Obesity and Comorbidities. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233735. [PMID: 36496995 PMCID: PMC9736735 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The global epidemic of obesity is tightly associated with numerous comorbidities, such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and the metabolic syndrome. Among the key features of obesity, some studies have suggested the abnormal expansion of adipose-tissue-induced local endogenous hypoxic, while other studies indicated endogenous hyperoxia as the opposite trend. Endogenous hypoxic aggravates dysfunction in adipose tissue and stimulates secretion of inflammatory molecules, which contribute to obesity. In contrast, hypoxic exposure combined with training effectively generate exogenous hypoxic to reduce body weight and downregulate metabolic risks. The (patho)physiological effects in adipose tissue are distinct from those of endogenous hypoxic. We critically assess the latest advances on the molecular mediators of endogenous hypoxic that regulate the dysfunction in adipose tissue. Subsequently we propose potential therapeutic targets in adipose tissues and the small molecules that may reverse the detrimental effect of local endogenous hypoxic. More importantly, we discuss alterations of metabolic pathways in adipose tissue and the metabolic benefits brought by hypoxic exercise. In terms of therapeutic intervention, numerous approaches have been developed to treat obesity, nevertheless durability and safety remain the major concern. Thus, a combination of the therapies that suppress endogenous hypoxic with exercise plans that augment exogenous hypoxic may accelerate the development of more effective and durable medications to treat obesity and comorbidities.
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Fakhoury M, Eid F, El Ahmad P, Khoury R, Mezher A, El Masri D, Haddad Z, Zoghbi Y, Ghayad LM, Sleiman SF, Stephan JS. Exercise and Dietary Factors Mediate Neural Plasticity Through Modulation of BDNF Signaling. Brain Plast 2022; 8:121-128. [DOI: 10.3233/bpl-220140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “neural plasticity” was first used to describe non-pathological changes in neuronal structure. Today, it is generally accepted that the brain is a dynamic system whose morphology and function is influenced by a variety of factors including stress, diet, and exercise. Neural plasticity involves learning and memory, the synthesis of new neurons, the repair of damaged connections, and several other compensatory mechanisms. It is altered in neurodegenerative disorders and following damage to the central or peripheral nervous system. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate neural plasticity in both healthy and diseased states is of significant importance to promote cognition and develop rehabilitation techniques for functional recovery after injury. In this minireview, we will discuss the mechanisms by which environmental factors promote neural plasticity with a focus on exercise- and diet-induced factors. We will highlight the known circulatory factors that are released in response to exercise and discuss how all factors activate pathways that converge in part on the activation of BDNF signaling. We propose to harness the therapeutic potential of exercise by using BDNF as a biomarker to identify novel endogenous factors that promote neural plasticity. We also discuss the importance of combining exercise factors with dietary factors to develop a lifestyle pill for patients afflicted by CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fakhoury
- Biological Sciences Program, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Fady Eid
- Biological Sciences Program, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Perla El Ahmad
- Biological Sciences Program, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Reine Khoury
- Biological Sciences Program, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Amar Mezher
- Biological Sciences Program, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Diala El Masri
- Biological Sciences Program, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Zena Haddad
- Biological Sciences Program, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Yara Zoghbi
- Biological Sciences Program, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Litsa Maria Ghayad
- Biological Sciences Program, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Sama F. Sleiman
- Biological Sciences Program, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
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Irisin, an Effective Treatment for Cardiovascular Diseases? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9090305. [PMID: 36135450 PMCID: PMC9503035 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9090305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin, as one of the myokines induced by exercise, has attracted much attention due to its important physiological functions such as white fat browning, the improvement in metabolism, and the alleviation of inflammation. Despite the positive role that irisin has been proven to play in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, whether it can become a biomarker and potential target for predicting and treating cardiovascular diseases remains controversial, given the unreliability of its detection methods, the uncertainty of its receptors, and the species differences between animals and humans. This paper was intended to review the role of irisin in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the potential molecular mechanism, and the urgent problems to be solved in hopes of advancing our understanding of irisin as well as providing data for the development of new and promising intervention strategies by discussing the causes of contradictory results.
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36
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Chen H, Chen C, Spanos M, Li G, Lu R, Bei Y, Xiao J. Exercise training maintains cardiovascular health: signaling pathways involved and potential therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:306. [PMID: 36050310 PMCID: PMC9437103 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training has been widely recognized as a healthy lifestyle as well as an effective non-drug therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Functional and mechanistic studies that employ animal exercise models as well as observational and interventional cohort studies with human participants, have contributed considerably in delineating the essential signaling pathways by which exercise promotes cardiovascular fitness and health. First, this review summarizes the beneficial impact of exercise on multiple aspects of cardiovascular health. We then discuss in detail the signaling pathways mediating exercise's benefits for cardiovascular health. The exercise-regulated signaling cascades have been shown to confer myocardial protection and drive systemic adaptations. The signaling molecules that are necessary for exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy have the potential to attenuate myocardial injury and reverse cardiac remodeling. Exercise-regulated noncoding RNAs and their associated signaling pathways are also discussed in detail for their roles and mechanisms in exercise-induced cardioprotective effects. Moreover, we address the exercise-mediated signaling pathways and molecules that can serve as potential therapeutic targets ranging from pharmacological approaches to gene therapies in CVD. We also discuss multiple factors that influence exercise's effect and highlight the importance and need for further investigations regarding the exercise-regulated molecules as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for CVD as well as the cross talk between the heart and other tissues or organs during exercise. We conclude that a deep understanding of the signaling pathways involved in exercise's benefits for cardiovascular health will undoubtedly contribute to the identification and development of novel therapeutic targets and strategies for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Michail Spanos
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yihua Bei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. .,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. .,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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37
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Stalmach A, Boehm I, Fernandes M, Rutter A, Skipworth RJE, Husi H. Gene Ontology (GO)-Driven Inference of Candidate Proteomic Markers Associated with Muscle Atrophy Conditions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175514. [PMID: 36080280 PMCID: PMC9457532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle homeostasis is essential for the maintenance of a healthy and active lifestyle. Imbalance in muscle homeostasis has significant consequences such as atrophy, loss of muscle mass, and progressive loss of functions. Aging-related muscle wasting, sarcopenia, and atrophy as a consequence of disease, such as cachexia, reduce the quality of life, increase morbidity and result in an overall poor prognosis. Investigating the muscle proteome related to muscle atrophy diseases has a great potential for diagnostic medicine to identify (i) potential protein biomarkers, and (ii) biological processes and functions common or unique to muscle wasting, cachexia, sarcopenia, and aging alone. We conducted a meta-analysis using gene ontology (GO) analysis of 24 human proteomic studies using tissue samples (skeletal muscle and adipose biopsies) and/or biofluids (serum, plasma, urine). Whilst there were few similarities in protein directionality across studies, biological processes common to conditions were identified. Here we demonstrate that the GO analysis of published human proteomics data can identify processes not revealed by single studies. We recommend the integration of proteomics data from tissue samples and biofluids to yield a comprehensive overview of the human skeletal muscle proteome. This will facilitate the identification of biomarkers and potential pathways of muscle-wasting conditions for use in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Stalmach
- Centre for Health Science, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, School of Health, Social Care and Life Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Ines Boehm
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Tissue Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Fernandes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Alison Rutter
- Centre for Health Science, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, School of Health, Social Care and Life Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Richard J. E. Skipworth
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Holger Husi
- Centre for Health Science, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, School of Health, Social Care and Life Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Correspondence:
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Wu Y, Guo X, Peng Y, Fang Z, Zhang X. Roles and Molecular Mechanisms of Physical Exercise in Sepsis Treatment. Front Physiol 2022; 13:879430. [PMID: 35845992 PMCID: PMC9277456 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.879430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is a planned, purposeful action to keep a healthy lifestyle and improve physical fitness. Physical exercise has been widely used as a non-pharmacological approach to preventing and improving a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, metabolic disease, and neurodegenerative disease. However, the effects of physical exercise on sepsis have not been summarized until now. In this review, we discuss the effects of physical exercise on multiple organ functions and the short- and long-time outcomes of sepsis. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of physical exercise on sepsis are discussed. In conclusion, we consider that physical exercise may be a beneficial and non-pharmacological alternative for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Joint Logistics Force No. 988 Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuliang Peng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zongping Fang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zongping Fang, ; Xijing Zhang,
| | - Xijing Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zongping Fang, ; Xijing Zhang,
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Cao W, Lin J, Xiang W, Liu J, Wang B, Liao W, Jiang T. Physical Exercise-Induced Astrocytic Neuroprotection and Cognitive Improvement Through Primary Cilia and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Pathway in Rats With Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:866336. [PMID: 35721009 PMCID: PMC9198634 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.866336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is closely related to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The neuroinflammation involving astrocytes is an important pathogenic mechanism. Along with the advancement of the concept and technology of astrocytic biology, the astrocytes have been increasingly regarded as the key contributors to neurological diseases. It is well known that physical exercise can improve cognitive function. As a safe and effective non-drug treatment, physical exercise has attracted continuous interests in neurological research. In this study, we explored the effects of physical exercise on the response of reactive astrocytes, and its role and mechanism in CCH-induced cognitive impairment. A rat CCH model was established by 2 vessel occlusion (2VO) and the wheel running exercise was used as the intervention. The cognitive function of rats was evaluated by morris water maze and novel object recognition test. The phenotypic polarization and the primary cilia expression of astrocytes were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The activation of MAPKs cascades, including ERK, JNK, and P38 signaling pathways, were detected by western blot. The results showed that physical exercise improved cognitive function of rats 2 months after 2VO, reduced the number of C3/GFAP-positive neurotoxic astrocytes, promoted the expression of S100A10/GFAP-positive neuroprotective astrocytes, and enhanced primary ciliogenesis. Additionally, physical exercise also alleviated the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK proteins induced by CCH. These results indicate that physical exercise can improve the cognitive function of rats with CCH possible by promoting primary ciliogenesis and neuroprotective function of astrocytes. The MAPKs signaling cascade, especially ERK and JNK signaling pathways may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Cao
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junbin Lin
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingying Liu
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Biru Wang
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijing Liao
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Weijing Liao,
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Jiang,
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40
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Mechanisms, Mediators, and Moderators of the Effects of Exercise on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051224. [PMID: 35267533 PMCID: PMC8909585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is an adverse effect of neurotoxic antineoplastic agents commonly used to treat cancer. Patients with CIPN experience debilitating signs and symptoms, such as combinations of tingling, numbness, pain, and cramping in the hands and feet that inhibit their daily function. Among the limited prevention and treatment options for CIPN, exercise has emerged as a promising new intervention that has been investigated in approximately two dozen clinical trials to date. As additional studies test and suggest the efficacy of exercise in treating CIPN, it is becoming more critical to develop mechanistic understanding of the effects of exercise in order to tailor it to best treat CIPN symptoms and identify who will benefit most. To address the current lack of clarity around the effect of exercise on CIPN, we reviewed the key potential mechanisms (e.g., neurophysiological and psychosocial factors), mediators (e.g., anti-inflammatory cytokines, self-efficacy, and social support), and moderators (e.g., age, sex, body mass index, physical fitness, exercise dose, exercise adherence, and timing of exercise) that may illuminate the relationship between exercise and CIPN improvement. Our review is based on the studies that tested the use of exercise for patients with CIPN, patients with other types of neuropathies, and healthy adults. The discussion presented herein may be used to (1) guide oncologists in predicting which symptoms are best targeted by specific exercise programs, (2) enable clinicians to tailor exercise prescriptions to patients based on specific characteristics, and (3) inform future research and biomarkers on the relationship between exercise and CIPN.
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41
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Gene-environment-gut interactions in Huntington's disease mice are associated with environmental modulation of the gut microbiome. iScience 2022; 25:103687. [PMID: 35059604 PMCID: PMC8760441 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis in Huntington's disease (HD) has recently been reported using microbiome profiling in R6/1 HD mice and replicated in clinical HD. In HD mice, environmental enrichment (EE) and exercise (EX) were shown to have therapeutic impacts on the brain and associated symptoms. We hypothesize that these housing interventions modulate the gut microbiome, configuring one of the mechanisms that mediate their therapeutic effects observed in HD. We exposed R6/1 mice to a protocol of either EE or EX, relative to standard-housed control conditions, before the onset of gut dysbiosis and motor deficits. We characterized gut structure and function, as well as gut microbiome profiling using 16S rRNA sequencing. Multivariate analysis identified specific orders, namely Bacteroidales, Lachnospirales and Oscillospirales, as the main bacterial signatures that discriminate between housing conditions. Our findings suggest a promising role for the gut microbiome in mediating the effects of EE and EX exposures, and possibly other environmental interventions, in HD mice. Gastrointestinal structure and motility are intact at an early stage in a HD mouse model There is sexual dimorphism in the presentation of the HD gut dysbiosis phenotype Bacteroidales, Lachnospirales and Oscillospirales bacteria are affected by experience Environmental enrichment and exercise may modulate HD via the microbiota-gut-brain axis
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42
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Rai M, Demontis F. Muscle-to-Brain Signaling Via Myokines and Myometabolites. Brain Plast 2022; 8:43-63. [DOI: 10.3233/bpl-210133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle health and function are important determinants of systemic metabolic homeostasis and organism-wide responses, including disease outcome. While it is well known that exercise protects the central nervous system (CNS) from aging and disease, only recently this has been found to depend on the endocrine capacity of skeletal muscle. Here, we review muscle-secreted growth factors and cytokines (myokines), metabolites (myometabolites), and other unconventional signals (e.g. bioactive lipid species, enzymes, and exosomes) that mediate muscle-brain and muscle-retina communication and neuroprotection in response to exercise and associated processes, such as the muscle unfolded protein response and metabolic stress. In addition to impacting proteostasis, neurogenesis, and cognitive functions, muscle-brain signaling influences complex brain-dependent behaviors, such as depression, sleeping patterns, and biosynthesis of neurotransmitters. Moreover, myokine signaling adapts feeding behavior to meet the energy demands of skeletal muscle. Contrary to protective myokines induced by exercise and associated signaling pathways, inactivity and muscle wasting may derange myokine expression and secretion and in turn compromise CNS function. We propose that tailoring muscle-to-CNS signaling by modulating myokines and myometabolites may combat age-related neurodegeneration and brain diseases that are influenced by systemic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Rai
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Fabio Demontis
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Li S, Wang M, Ma J, Pang X, Yuan J, Pan Y, Fu Y, Laher I. MOTS-c and Exercise Restore Cardiac Function by Activating of NRG1-ErbB Signaling in Diabetic Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:812032. [PMID: 35370955 PMCID: PMC8969227 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.812032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologic cardiac remodeling and dysfunction are the most common complications of type 2 diabetes. Physical exercise is important in inhibiting myocardial pathologic remodeling and restoring cardiac function in diabetes. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c has exercise-like effects by improving insulin resistance, combatting hyperglycemia, and reducing lipid accumulation. We investigated the effects and transcriptomic profiling of MOTS-c and aerobic exercise on cardiac properties in a rat model of type 2 diabetes which was induced by feeding a high fat high sugar diet combined with an injection of a low dose of streptozotocin. Both aerobic exercise and MOTS-c treatment reduced abnormalities in cardiac structure and function. Transcriptomic function enrichment analysis revealed that MOTS-c had exercise-like effects on inflammation, myocardial apoptosis, angiogenesis and endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and showed that the NRG1-ErbB4 pathway might be an important component in both MOTS-c and exercise induced attenuation of cardiac dysfunction in diabetes. Moreover, our findings suggest that MOTS-c activates NRG1-ErbB4 signaling and mimics exercise-induced cardio-protection in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchang Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Manda Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiacheng Ma
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinghan Yuan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanrong Pan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Ismail Laher,
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Exercise. Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91904-3.00014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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45
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Love CJ, Masson BA, Gubert C, Hannan AJ. The microbiota-gut-brain axis in Huntington's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 167:141-184. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Gubert C, Gasparotto J, H. Morais L. OUP accepted manuscript. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2022; 10:goac017. [PMID: 35582476 PMCID: PMC9109005 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has been uncovering the role of the gut microbiota for brain health and disease. These studies highlight the role of gut microbiota on regulating brain function and behavior through immune, metabolic, and neuronal pathways. In this review we provide an overview of the gut microbiota axis pathways to lay the groundwork for upcoming sessions on the links between the gut microbiota and neurogenerative disorders. We also discuss how the gut microbiota may act as an intermediate factor between the host and the environment to mediate disease onset and neuropathology. Based on the current literature, we further examine the potential for different microbiota-based therapeutic strategies to prevent, to modify, or to halt the progress of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gubert
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Juciano Gasparotto
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Livia H. Morais
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Corresponding author. Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. Tel: +1-626-395-8980;
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Abstract
Physical exercise can be effective in preventing or ameliorating various diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. However, not everyone may be able to participate in exercise due to illnesses, age-related frailty, or difficulty in long-term behavior change. An alternative option is to utilize pharmacological interventions that mimic the positive effects of exercise training. Recent studies have identified signaling pathways associated with the benefits of physical activity and discovered exercise mimetics that can partially simulate the systemic impact of exercise. This review describes the molecular targets for exercise mimetics and their effect on skeletal muscle and other tissues. We will also discuss the potential advantages of using natural products as a multi-targeting agent for mimicking the health-promoting effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Jang
- Major of Food Science & Technology, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Sanguine Byun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Kinoshita K, Chung KK, Katsuki H, Arai K. Therapeutic potential of prophylactic exercise for intracerebral hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1484-1485. [PMID: 34916426 PMCID: PMC8771097 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.330606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kinoshita
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kelly K Chung
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Katsuki
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Martins-Macedo J, Salgado AJ, Gomes ED, Pinto L. Adult brain cytogenesis in the context of mood disorders: From neurogenesis to the emergent role of gliogenesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:411-428. [PMID: 34555383 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders severely impact patients' lives. Motivational, cognitive and emotional deficits are the most common symptoms observed in these patients and no effective treatment is still available, either due to the adverse side effects or the low rate of efficacy of currently available drugs. Neurogenesis recovery has been one important focus in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, which undeniably contributes to the therapeutic action of antidepressants. However, glial plasticity is emerging as a new strategy to explore the deficits observed in mood disorders and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Thus, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms behind glio- and neurogenesis to better define treatments and preventive therapies, once adult cytogenesis is of pivotal importance to cognitive and emotional components of behavior, both in healthy and pathological contexts, including in psychiatric disorders. Here, we review the concepts and history of neuro- and gliogenesis, providing as well a reflection on the functional importance of cytogenesis in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Martins-Macedo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo D Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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