1
|
Dos Anjos Souza VR, Vivan L, Seffrin A, Vallini L, de Paula Domingos F, de Lira CAB, Vancini RL, Weiss K, Rosemann T, Knechtle B, Andrade MS. Impact of aging on maximal oxygen uptake in female runners and sedentary controls. Exp Gerontol 2024; 193:112476. [PMID: 38830478 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare V̇O2max (absolute, adjusted to total body mass, and adjusted to lean mass) in recreational runners and sedentary women < and > 50 yr and verify the effect of aging and physical activity level on the three types of V̇O2 max expression. The study included 147 women:85 runners (45.7 ± 14.1 yr) and 62 sedentary controls (48.8 ± 9.8 yr). They were subjected to cardiopulmonary exercise testing for V̇O2 max measurement and a body composition test by dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry system. V̇O2max were expressed as absolute values (L/min), relative to total body mass values (mL/kg/min), and relative to lean mass values (mL/kgLM/min). The two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction [F(2,131) = 4.43, p < 0.001] and effects of age group [F(2,131) = 32.79, p < 0.001] and physical activity group [F(2,131) = 55.64, p < 0.001] on V̇O2max (mL/min). V̇O2max (mL/kg/min) and V̇O2 max (mL/kgLM/min) were significantly influenced by age and physical activity levels. The multiple regression model explains 76.2 % of the dependent variable V̇O2max (mL/kg/min), age (β = -0.335, t = -7.841, p < 0.001), and physical activity group (β = -0.784, t = -18.351, p < 0.001). In conclusion, female runners had higher V̇O2 max values than sedentary women at all ages, even though aging has a greater impact on V̇O2 max in the runners group. In addition to cardiorespiratory fitness, women's metabolic lean mass function, as measured by V̇O2max adjusted by lean mass, is significantly influenced by aging. Finally, physical activity has a greater impact on V̇O2 max levels than aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lavínia Vivan
- Postgraduate Program in Translation Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldo Seffrin
- Postgraduate Program in Translation Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucca Vallini
- Postgraduate Program in Translation Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio de Paula Domingos
- Postgraduate Program in Translation Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira
- Human and Exercise Physiology Division, Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Vancini
- Center for Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang F, Wang W, Wang Y, Lee Y, Lou Q. Moderate resistance training reduces intermuscular adipose tissue and risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. [PMID: 38853302 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to assess the impact of moderate resistance training on intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and the independent effect of IMAT reduction on metabolic outcomes. METHODS In this randomized controlled trial, 85 patients with type 2 diabetes were assigned to either the resistance training group (42 participants) or the control group (43 participants) for a 6-month intervention. The primary outcome was changes in IMAT measured by computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging using the interactive decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares qualification sequence. Secondary outcomes included changes in metabolic parameters. RESULTS Thirty-seven participants in each group completed the study. The IMAT area (measured by a computed tomography scan) in the resistance group decreased from 5.176 ± 1.249 cm2 to 4.660 ± 1.147 cm2, which is a change of -0.512 ± 0.115 cm2, representing a 9.89% decrease from the least-squares adjusted mean at baseline, which was significantly different from that of the control group (a change of 0.587 ± 0.115 cm2, a 10.34% increase). The normal attenuation muscle area (representing normal muscle density) in the resistance group increased from 82.113 ± 8.776 cm2 to 83.054 ± 8.761 cm2, a change of 1.049 ± 0.416 cm2, a 1.3% increase, which was significantly different from that of the control group (a change of -1.113 ± 0.416 cm2, a 1.41% decrease). Homeostasis model assessment 2 of beta cell function (HOMA2-β; increased from 52.291 ± 24.765 to 56.368 ± 21.630, a change of 4.135 ± 1.910, a 7.91% increase from baseline) and ratio of insulin increase to blood glucose increase at 30 min after the oral glucose tolerance test (∆I30/∆G30; increased from 4.616 ± 1.653 to 5.302 ± 2.264, a change of 0.715 ± 0.262, a 15.49% increase) in the resistance group were significantly improved compared with those in the control group, which had a change of -3.457 ± 1.910, a 6.05% decrease in HOMA2-β, and a change of -0.195 ± 0.262, a 3.87% decrease in ∆I30/∆G30, respectively. Adjusting for sex, age, diabetes duration, baseline IMAT, and the dependent variable at baseline, linear regression showed that the change in IMAT area was not related to the change in HOMA2 insulin resistance (β = -0.178, p = .402) or the change in HOMA2-β (β = -1.891, p = .197), but was significantly related to the changes in ∆I30/∆G30 (β = -0.439, p = .047), 2-h postprandial glucose (β = 1.321, p = .026), diastolic blood pressure (β = 2.425, p = .018), normal attenuation muscle area (β = -0.907, p = .019) and 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (β = 0.976, p = .002). CONCLUSION Low-level, moderate resistance training reduces IMAT content. Even a small reduction in IMAT may be related to a decrease in risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but this small reduction may not be sufficient to reduce insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Tang
- Hainan Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Hainan Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | | | - Qingqing Lou
- Hainan Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Flores-Opazo M, Kopinke D, Helmbacher F, Fernández-Verdejo R, Tuñón-Suárez M, Lynch GS, Contreras O. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors in physiological adipogenesis and intermuscular adipose tissue remodeling. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101277. [PMID: 38788527 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is a common pathological feature in various metabolic and health conditions and can cause muscle atrophy, reduced function, inflammation, insulin resistance, cardiovascular issues, and unhealthy aging. Although IMAT results from fat accumulation in muscle, the mechanisms underlying its onset, development, cellular components, and functions remain unclear. IMAT levels are influenced by several factors, such as changes in the tissue environment, muscle type and origin, extent and duration of trauma, and persistent activation of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs). FAPs are a diverse and transcriptionally heterogeneous population of stromal cells essential for tissue maintenance, neuromuscular stability, and tissue regeneration. However, in cases of chronic inflammation and pathological conditions, FAPs expand and differentiate into adipocytes, resulting in the development of abnormal and ectopic IMAT. This review discusses the role of FAPs in adipogenesis and how they remodel IMAT. It highlights evidence supporting FAPs and FAP-derived adipocytes as constituents of IMAT, emphasizing their significance in adipose tissue maintenance and development, as well as their involvement in metabolic disorders, chronic pathologies and diseases. We also investigated the intricate molecular pathways and cell interactions governing FAP behavior, adipogenesis, and IMAT accumulation in chronic diseases and muscle deconditioning. Finally, we hypothesize that impaired cellular metabolic flexibility in dysfunctional muscles impacts FAPs, leading to IMAT. A deeper understanding of the biology of IMAT accumulation and the mechanisms regulating FAP behavior and fate are essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies for several debilitating conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Kopinke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610, FL, USA; Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | | | - Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Laboratorio de Fisiología Del Ejercicio y Metabolismo (LABFEM), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Chile.
| | - Mauro Tuñón-Suárez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Del Ejercicio y Metabolismo (LABFEM), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Chile.
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Parkville 3010, Australia.
| | - Osvaldo Contreras
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Norris AM, Fierman KE, Campbell J, Pitale R, Shahraj M, Kopinke D. Studying intramuscular fat deposition and muscle regeneration: insights from a comparative analysis of mouse strains, injury models, and sex differences. Skelet Muscle 2024; 14:12. [PMID: 38812056 PMCID: PMC11134715 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-024-00344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMAT) infiltration, pathological adipose tissue that accumulates between muscle fibers, is a shared hallmark in a diverse set of diseases including muscular dystrophies and diabetes, spinal cord and rotator cuff injuries, as well as sarcopenia. While the mouse has been an invaluable preclinical model to study skeletal muscle diseases, they are also resistant to IMAT formation. To better understand this pathological feature, an adequate pre-clinical model that recapitulates human disease is necessary. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive in-depth comparison between three widely used mouse strains: C57BL/6J, 129S1/SvlmJ and CD1. We evaluated the impact of strain, sex and injury type on IMAT formation, myofiber regeneration and fibrosis. We confirm and extend previous findings that a Glycerol (GLY) injury causes significantly more IMAT and fibrosis compared to Cardiotoxin (CTX). Additionally, females form more IMAT than males after a GLY injury, independent of strain. Of all strains, C57BL/6J mice, both females and males, are the most resistant to IMAT formation. In regard to injury-induced fibrosis, we found that the 129S strain formed the least amount of scar tissue. Surprisingly, C57BL/6J of both sexes demonstrated complete myofiber regeneration, while both CD1 and 129S1/SvlmJ strains still displayed smaller myofibers 21 days post injury. In addition, our data indicate that myofiber regeneration is negatively correlated with IMAT and fibrosis. Combined, our results demonstrate that careful consideration and exploration are needed to determine which injury type, mouse model/strain and sex to utilize as preclinical model especially for modeling IMAT formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra M Norris
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kiara E Fierman
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jillian Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rhea Pitale
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Muhammad Shahraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Kopinke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheng JJ, Liang LJ, Lee CC. Associations of appendicular lean mass and abdominal adiposity with insulin resistance in older adults: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303874. [PMID: 38753649 PMCID: PMC11098336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Loss of lean muscle mass and accumulation of adipose tissue are changes associated with aging. Previous studies have documented various components of body composition as predictors for insulin resistance. The objective of this study was to investigate whether components of body composition-appendicular lean mass (ALM) and/or abdominal fat mass (AFM)-correlate with insulin resistance in older men and women. This was a cross-sectional study of 92 older men and women. Weight was classified according to body mass index (BMI)-normal (BMI <25), overweight (BMI 25-30), and obese (BMI >30). All body composition data was determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and insulin resistance was assessed by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Multivariable regression models with two-way interaction terms were employed to assess whether the associations between components of body composition and log HOMA varied by BMI categories. Adjusted regression showed that log HOMA was significantly associated with AFM (estimate ± standard error: 0.055 ± 0.026) and ALM (0.057 ± 0.029) for the overweight participants (p-values <0.05). Additionally, the adjusted associations between log HOMA and ALM were significantly greater for participants who were either obese or overweight compared to those with a normal BMI (p<0.002). Less consistent relationships were observed between insulin resistance and abdominal fat mass across BMI categories, whereas more consistent associations were observed between insulin resistance and appendicular lean mass in individuals with greater BMI. Further research is needed to clarify if lipid deposition within muscle tissue promotes muscle dysfunction and thereby increases risk for insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Cheng
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Li-Jung Liang
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Cathy C. Lee
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Belfield AE, Wilkinson TJ, Henson J, Sargeant JA, Breen L, Hall AP, Davies MJ, Yates T. Sarcopenia prevalence using handgrip strength or chair stand performance in adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Age Ageing 2024; 53:afae090. [PMID: 38706394 PMCID: PMC11070724 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afae090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The updated European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) recommends handgrip strength (HGS) and the chair stand test (CST) to assess muscle strength, with the CST being a convenient proxy for lower limb strength. However, adiposity may differentially influence these strength criteria and produce discrepant sarcopenia prevalence. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia using HGS or the CST, and to investigate the associations between these strength criteria and adiposity in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS The EWGSOP2 definition was used to assess the prevalence of probable (low muscle strength), confirmed (plus low muscle mass) and severe (plus poor physical performance) sarcopenia. Linear regression models were used to study the association between different measures of muscle strength and adiposity. RESULTS We used data from 732 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (35.7% female, aged 64 ± 8 years, body mass index 30.7 ± 5.0 kg/m2). Using the CST compared with HGS produced a higher prevalence of probable (31.7% vs. 7.1%), confirmed (5.6% vs. 1.6%) and severe (1.0% vs. 0.3%) sarcopenia, with poor agreement between strength criteria to identify probable sarcopenia. CST performance, but not HGS, was significantly associated with all measures of adiposity in unadjusted and adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of adiposity may impact CST performance, but not HGS, resulting in a higher prevalence of sarcopenia in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Consideration should be paid to the most appropriate measure of muscle function in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archie E Belfield
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas J Wilkinson
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Joseph Henson
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jack A Sargeant
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew P Hall
- The Hanning Sleep Laboratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Melanie J Davies
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kawano T, Nankaku M, Murao M, Yuri T, Kitamura G, Goto K, Kuroda Y, Kawai T, Okuzu Y, Ikeguchi R, Matsuda S. Association of physical activity with fatty infiltration of muscles after total hip arthroplasty. Skeletal Radiol 2024; 53:967-974. [PMID: 37999749 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association between muscle density as an indicator of fatty infiltration of lower extremity muscles and physical activity (PA) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and identify the patient characteristics with high postoperative PA. METHODS This study included 62 female patients who underwent THA for unilateral hip osteoarthritis. Muscle density of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, iliopsoas, and quadriceps muscles was measured using computed tomography (CT). PA was assessed using University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity scores. CT and UCLA activity score were obtained before and 1 year after THA. The patients were divided into two groups, sufficient (score ≥ 6) and insufficient (score < 6) activity groups, based on their level of PA as determined by their UCLA activity score 1 year after THA. The association of PA with the amount of changes in muscle density was examined with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify postoperative factors determining PA at 1 year after THA. RESULTS Spearman's rank correlation coefficient showed a significantly positive association between recovery in PA and an increase in muscle density of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, iliopsoas, and quadriceps muscles. Additionally, logistic regression analysis confirmed that postoperative muscle densities of the gluteus maximus and quadriceps muscles were variables determining the PA 1 year after THA. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicated that the improvement of fatty infiltration in lower limb muscles, especially in the gluteus maximus and quadriceps, is likely to promote the increase in postoperative PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kawano
- Rehabilitation Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Manabu Nankaku
- Rehabilitation Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masanobu Murao
- Rehabilitation Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuma Yuri
- Rehabilitation Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Gakuto Kitamura
- Rehabilitation Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Goto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kawai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yaichiro Okuzu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ikeguchi
- Rehabilitation Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Rehabilitation Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hagberg CE, Spalding KL. White adipocyte dysfunction and obesity-associated pathologies in humans. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:270-289. [PMID: 38086922 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and associated chronic diseases continues to increase worldwide, negatively impacting on societies and economies. Whereas the association between excess body weight and increased risk for developing a multitude of diseases is well established, the initiating mechanisms by which weight gain impairs our metabolic health remain surprisingly contested. In order to better address the myriad of disease states associated with obesity, it is essential to understand adipose tissue dysfunction and develop strategies for reinforcing adipocyte health. In this Review we outline the diverse physiological functions and pathological roles of human white adipocytes, examining our current knowledge of why white adipocytes are vital for systemic metabolic control, yet poorly adapted to our current obesogenic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina E Hagberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirsty L Spalding
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang L, Valencak TG, Shan T. Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle: Influential triggers and regulatory mechanism. iScience 2024; 27:109221. [PMID: 38433917 PMCID: PMC10907799 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle (also known as myosteatosis) is now recognized as a distinct disease from sarcopenia and is directly related to declining muscle capacity. Hence, understanding the origins and regulatory mechanisms of fat infiltration is vital for maintaining skeletal muscle development and improving human health. In this article, we summarized the triggering factors such as aging, metabolic diseases and metabolic syndromes, nonmetabolic diseases, and muscle injury that all induce fat infiltration in skeletal muscle. We discussed recent advances on the cellular origins of fat infiltration and found several cell types including myogenic cells and non-myogenic cells that contribute to myosteatosis. Furthermore, we reviewed the molecular regulatory mechanism, detection methods, and intervention strategies of fat infiltration in skeletal muscle. Based on the current findings, our review will provide new insight into regulating function and lipid metabolism of skeletal muscle and treating muscle-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Haueise T, Schick F, Stefan N, Machann J. Comparison of the accuracy of commercial two-point and multi-echo Dixon MRI for quantification of fat in liver, paravertebral muscles, and vertebral bone marrow. Eur J Radiol 2024; 172:111359. [PMID: 38325186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Excess fat accumulation contributes significantly to metabolic dysfunction and diseases. This study aims to systematically compare the accuracy of commercially available Dixon techniques for quantification of fat fraction in liver, skeletal musculature, and vertebral bone marrow (BM) of healthy individuals, investigating biases and sex-specific influences. METHOD 100 healthy White individuals (50 women) underwent abdominal MRI using two-point and multi-echo Dixon sequences. Fat fraction (FF), proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and T2* values were calculated for liver, paravertebral muscles (PVM) and vertebral BM (Th8-L5). Agreement and systematic deviations were assessed using linear correlation and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS High correlations between FF and PDFF were observed in liver (r = 0.98 for women; r = 0.96 for men), PVM (r = 0.92 for women; r = 0.93 for men) and BM (r = 0.97 for women; r = 0.95 for men). Relative deviations between FF and PDFF in liver (18.92 % for women; 13.32 % for men) and PVM (1.96 % for women; 11.62 % for men) were not significant. Relative deviations in BM were significant (38.13 % for women; 27.62 % for men). Bias correction using linear models reduced discrepancies. T2* times were significantly shorter in BM (8.72 ms for women; 7.26 ms for men) compared to PVM (13.45 ms for women; 13.62 ms for men) and liver (29.47 ms for women; 26.35 ms for men). CONCLUSION While no significant differences were observed for liver and PVM, systematic errors in BM FF estimation using two-point Dixon imaging were observed. These discrepancies - mainly resulting from organ-specific T2* times - have to be considered when applying two-point Dixon approaches for assessment of fat content. As suitable correction tools, linear models could provide added value in large-scale epidemiological cohort studies. Sex-specific differences in T2* should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Haueise
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fritz Schick
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kalisz K, Navin PJ, Itani M, Agarwal AK, Venkatesh SK, Rajiah PS. Multimodality Imaging in Metabolic Syndrome: State-of-the-Art Review. Radiographics 2024; 44:e230083. [PMID: 38329901 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome comprises a set of risk factors that include abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein levels, and high blood pressure, at least three of which must be fulfilled for diagnosis. Metabolic syndrome has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Multimodality imaging plays an important role in metabolic syndrome, including diagnosis, risk stratification, and assessment of complications. CT and MRI are the primary tools for quantification of excess fat, including subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, as well as fat around organs, which are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. PET has been shown to detect signs of insulin resistance and may detect ectopic sites of brown fat. Cardiovascular disease is an important complication of metabolic syndrome, resulting in subclinical or symptomatic coronary artery disease, alterations in cardiac structure and function with potential progression to heart failure, and systemic vascular disease. CT angiography provides comprehensive evaluation of the coronary and systemic arteries, while cardiac MRI assesses cardiac structure, function, myocardial ischemia, and infarction. Liver damage results from a spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ranging from steatosis to fibrosis and possible cirrhosis. US, CT, and MRI are useful in assessing steatosis and can be performed to detect and grade hepatic fibrosis, particularly using elastography techniques. Metabolic syndrome also has deleterious effects on the pancreas, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and ovaries, including increased risk for several malignancies. Metabolic syndrome is associated with cerebral infarcts, best evaluated with MRI, and has been linked with cognitive decline. ©RSNA, 2024 Test Your Knowledge questions for this article are available in the supplemental material. See the invited commentary by Pickhardt in this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kalisz
- From the Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (K.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 559905 (P.J.N., S.K.V., P.S.R.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo (M.I.); and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (A.K.A.)
| | - Patrick J Navin
- From the Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (K.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 559905 (P.J.N., S.K.V., P.S.R.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo (M.I.); and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (A.K.A.)
| | - Malak Itani
- From the Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (K.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 559905 (P.J.N., S.K.V., P.S.R.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo (M.I.); and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (A.K.A.)
| | - Amit Kumar Agarwal
- From the Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (K.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 559905 (P.J.N., S.K.V., P.S.R.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo (M.I.); and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (A.K.A.)
| | - Sudhakar K Venkatesh
- From the Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (K.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 559905 (P.J.N., S.K.V., P.S.R.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo (M.I.); and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (A.K.A.)
| | - Prabhakar Shantha Rajiah
- From the Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (K.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 559905 (P.J.N., S.K.V., P.S.R.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo (M.I.); and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (A.K.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ren W, Hua M, Cao F, Zeng W. The Sympathetic-Immune Milieu in Metabolic Health and Diseases: Insights from Pancreas, Liver, Intestine, and Adipose Tissues. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306128. [PMID: 38039489 PMCID: PMC10885671 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Sympathetic innervation plays a crucial role in maintaining energy balance and contributes to metabolic pathophysiology. Recent evidence has begun to uncover the innervation landscape of sympathetic projections and sheds light on their important functions in metabolic activities. Additionally, the immune system has long been studied for its essential roles in metabolic health and diseases. In this review, the aim is to provide an overview of the current research progress on the sympathetic regulation of key metabolic organs, including the pancreas, liver, intestine, and adipose tissues. In particular, efforts are made to highlight the critical roles of the peripheral nervous system and its potential interplay with immune components. Overall, it is hoped to underscore the importance of studying metabolic organs from a comprehensive and interconnected perspective, which will provide valuable insights into the complex mechanisms underlying metabolic regulation and may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenran Ren
- Institute for Immunology and School of MedicineTsinghua Universityand Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijing100084China
| | - Meng Hua
- Institute for Immunology and School of MedicineTsinghua Universityand Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijing100084China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhou563000China
| | - Wenwen Zeng
- Institute for Immunology and School of MedicineTsinghua Universityand Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijing100084China
- SXMU‐Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier MedicineTaiyuan030001China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic DiseasesBeijing100084China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Choi HN, Kim YS, Yim JE. Association of daily carbohydrate intake with intermuscular adipose tissue in Korean individuals with obesity: a cross-sectional study. Nutr Res Pract 2024; 18:78-87. [PMID: 38352215 PMCID: PMC10861342 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2024.18.1.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The prevalence of obesity, a worldwide pandemic, has been increasing steadily in Korea. Reports have shown that increased intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, independent of body mass index. However, the relationship between dietary intake and IMAT accumulation in the Korean population remains undetermined. The objective of this study was to evaluate regional fat compartments using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. We also aimed to investigate the association between IMAT amounts and dietary intake, including carbohydrate intake, among Korean individuals with obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS This cross-sectional study, performed at a medical center in South Korea, recruited 35 individuals with obesity (15 men and 20 women) and classified them into 2 groups according to sex. Anthropometry was performed, and body fat distribution was measured using MRI. Blood parameters, including glucose and lipid profiles, were analyzed using commercial kits. Linear regression analysis was used to test whether the IMAT was associated with daily carbohydrate intake. RESULTS Carbohydrate intake was positively associated with IMAT in all individuals, with adjustments for age, sex, height, and weight. No significant differences in blood indicators were found between the sexes. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of sex and age, higher carbohydrate intake was strongly correlated with greater IMAT accumulation. This suggests the need to better understand sex differences and high carbohydrate diet patterns in relation to the association between obesity and metabolic risk, which may help reduce obesity prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Neul Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
| | - Young-Seol Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Yim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Senior Human Ecology (BK21 Four Program), Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee JW, Hong SU, Lee JH, Park SY. Estimation of Validity of A-Mode Ultrasound for Measurements of Muscle Thickness and Muscle Quality. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:149. [PMID: 38391635 PMCID: PMC10886028 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether amplitude modulation (A-mode) ultrasound (US) provides accurate and reliable measurements comparable to those obtained using brightness modulation (B-mode) US under diverse conditions. Thirty healthy participants (15 women and 15 men) underwent measurements of subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), muscle thickness (MT), and muscle quality (MQ) in the trapezius and biceps brachii muscles using both US modes before and after exercises designed to stimulate the respective muscles. Among the three key indices, the results demonstrated the high validity of the A-mode, with minimal mean differences (MDs) between the two devices less than 0.91 mm and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) exceeding 0.95 for all measures. In addition, the correlation coefficients between the error scores and average scores for the trapezius and biceps brachii suggested no evidence of systematic error. The trapezius MT and MQ significantly increased, and the biceps brachii MT significantly increased after the exercises (p < 0.05). Notably, both the A- and B-modes exhibited the same trend in these post-exercise changes in the muscle. This study suggests that low-cost and low-resolution A-mode US provides measurements of SFT, MT, and MQ similar to the more expensive, high-resolution B-mode imaging. A-mode US is an affordable and portable alternative for muscle assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ug Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology and Dermatology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yun Park
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Henin G, Loumaye A, Leclercq IA, Lanthier N. Myosteatosis: Diagnosis, pathophysiology and consequences in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:100963. [PMID: 38322420 PMCID: PMC10844870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is associated with an increased risk of multisystemic complications, including muscle changes such as sarcopenia and myosteatosis that can reciprocally affect liver function. We conducted a systematic review to highlight innovative assessment tools, pathophysiological mechanisms and metabolic consequences related to myosteatosis in MASLD, based on original articles screened from PUBMED, EMBASE and COCHRANE databases. Forty-six original manuscripts (14 pre-clinical and 32 clinical studies) were included. Microscopy (8/14) and tissue lipid extraction (8/14) are the two main assessment techniques used to measure muscle lipid content in pre-clinical studies. In clinical studies, imaging is the most used assessment tool and included CT (14/32), MRI (12/32) and ultrasound (4/32). Assessed muscles varied across studies but mainly included paravertebral (4/14 in pre-clinical; 13/32 in clinical studies) and lower limb muscles (10/14 in preclinical; 13/32 in clinical studies). Myosteatosis is already highly prevalent in non-cirrhotic stages of MASLD and correlates with disease activity when using muscle density assessed by CT. Numerous pathophysiological mechanisms were found and included: high-fat and high-fructose diet, dysregulation in fatty acid transport and ketogenesis, endocrine disorders and impaired microRNA122 pathway signalling. In this review we also uncover several potential consequences of myosteatosis in MASLD, such as insulin resistance, MASLD progression from steatosis to metabolic steatohepatitis and loss of muscle strength. In conclusion, data on myosteatosis in MASLD are already available. Screening for myosteatosis could be highly relevant in the context of MASLD, considering its correlation with MASLD activity as well as its related consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Henin
- Service d’Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hepatogastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Loumaye
- Service d’Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle A. Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepatogastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lanthier
- Service d’Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hepatogastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Eggelbusch M, Charlton BT, Bosutti A, Ganse B, Giakoumaki I, Grootemaat AE, Hendrickse PW, Jaspers Y, Kemp S, Kerkhoff TJ, Noort W, van Weeghel M, van der Wel NN, Wesseling JR, Frings-Meuthen P, Rittweger J, Mulder ER, Jaspers RT, Degens H, Wüst RCI. The impact of bed rest on human skeletal muscle metabolism. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101372. [PMID: 38232697 PMCID: PMC10829795 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility decrease in response to bed rest, but the temporal and causal adaptations in human skeletal muscle metabolism are not fully defined. Here, we use an integrative approach to assess human skeletal muscle metabolism during bed rest and provide a multi-system analysis of how skeletal muscle and the circulatory system adapt to short- and long-term bed rest (German Clinical Trials: DRKS00015677). We uncover that intracellular glycogen accumulation after short-term bed rest accompanies a rapid reduction in systemic insulin sensitivity and less GLUT4 localization at the muscle cell membrane, preventing further intracellular glycogen deposition after long-term bed rest. We provide evidence of a temporal link between the accumulation of intracellular triglycerides, lipotoxic ceramides, and sphingomyelins and an altered skeletal muscle mitochondrial structure and function after long-term bed rest. An intracellular nutrient overload therefore represents a crucial determinant for rapid skeletal muscle insulin insensitivity and mitochondrial alterations after prolonged bed rest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Eggelbusch
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Braeden T Charlton
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Bergita Ganse
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK; Clinics and Institutes of Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ifigenia Giakoumaki
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Anita E Grootemaat
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul W Hendrickse
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK; Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Yorrick Jaspers
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan Kemp
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom J Kerkhoff
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wendy Noort
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole N van der Wel
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julia R Wesseling
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Petra Frings-Meuthen
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Edwin R Mulder
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Degens
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK; Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rob C I Wüst
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Takahashi Y, Fujita H, Seino Y, Hattori S, Hidaka S, Miyakawa T, Suzuki A, Waki H, Yabe D, Seino Y, Yamada Y. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor antagonism suppresses intramuscular adipose tissue accumulation and ameliorates sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2703-2718. [PMID: 37897141 PMCID: PMC10751449 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) formation derived from muscle fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) has been recognized as a pathological feature of sarcopenia. This study aimed to explore whether genetic and pharmacological gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) receptor antagonism suppresses IMAT accumulation and ameliorates sarcopenia in mice. METHODS Whole body composition, grip strength, skeletal muscle weight, tibialis anterior (TA) muscle fibre cross-sectional area (CSA) and TA muscle IMAT area were measured in young and aged male C57BL/6 strain GIP receptor (Gipr)-knockout (Gipr-/- ) and wild-type (Gipr+/+ ) mice. FAPs isolated from lower limb muscles of 12-week-old Gipr+/+ mice were cultured with GIP, and their differentiation into mature adipocytes was examined. Furthermore, TA muscle IMAT area and fibre CSA were measured in untreated Gipr-/- mice and GIP receptor antagonist-treated Gipr+/+ mice after glycerol injection into the TA muscles. RESULTS Body composition analysis revealed that 104-week-old Gipr-/- mice had a greater proportion of lean tissue mass (73.7 ± 1.2% vs. 66.5 ± 2.7%, P < 0.05 vs. 104-week-old Gipr+/+ mice) and less adipose tissue mass (13.1 ± 1.3% vs. 19.4 ± 2.6%, P < 0.05 vs. 104-week-old Gipr+/+ mice). Eighty-four-week-old Gipr-/- mice exhibited increases in grip strength (P < 0.05), weights of TA (P < 0.05), soleus (P < 0.01), gastrocnemius (P < 0.05) and quadriceps femoris (P < 0.01) muscles, and average TA muscle fibre CSA (P < 0.05) along with a reduction in TA muscle IMAT area assessed by the number of perilipin-positive cells (P < 0.0001) compared with 84-week-old Gipr+/+ mice. Oil Red O staining analysis revealed 1.6- and 1.7-fold increased adipogenesis in muscle FAPs cultured with 10 and 100 nM of GIP (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 vs. 0 nM of GIP, respectively). Furthermore, both untreated Gipr-/- mice and GIP receptor antagonist-treated Gipr+/+ mice for 14 days after glycerol injection into the TA muscles at 12 weeks of age showed reduced TA muscle IMAT area (1.39 ± 0.38% and 2.65 ± 0.36% vs. 6.54 ± 1.30%, P < 0.001 and P < 0.01 vs. untreated Gipr+/+ mice, respectively) and increased average TA muscle fibre CSA (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 vs. untreated Gipr+/+ mice, respectively). CONCLUSIONS GIP promotes the differentiation of muscle FAPs into adipocytes and its receptor antagonism suppresses IMAT accumulation and promotes muscle regeneration. Pharmacological GIP receptor antagonism may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Takahashi
- Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Hiroki Fujita
- Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKyotoJapan
| | - Satoko Hattori
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Shihomi Hidaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Hironori Waki
- Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Daisuke Yabe
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKyotoJapan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Rheumatology and Clinical ImmunologyGifu University Graduate School of MedicineGifuJapan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational ResearchGifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Yutaka Seino
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKyotoJapan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismKansai Electric Power HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKyotoJapan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismKansai Electric Power HospitalOsakaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Low S, Zheng H, Liu JJ, Moh A, Ang K, Tang WE, Lim Z, Subramaniam T, Sum CF, Lim SC. Longitudinal profiling and tracking stability in the Singapore study of macro-angiopathy and microvascular reactivity in type 2 diabetes cohort. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2023; 20:14791641231218453. [PMID: 38059349 DOI: 10.1177/14791641231218453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Singapore Study of Macro-Angiopathy and microvascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes (SMART2D) is a prospective cohort study which was started in 2011 to investigate the effect of risk factors on vascular function and diabetes-related complications in Asians. We aimed to compare the longitudinal change in risk factors by accounting for batch effect and assess the tracking stability of risk factors over time in patients recruited for SMART2D. In this study, we (1) described batch effect and its extent across a heterogenous range of longitudinal data parameters; (2) mitigated batch effect through statistical approach; and (3) assessed the tracking stability of the risk factors over time. METHODS A total of 2258 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were recruited at baseline. The study adopted a three-wave longitudinal design with intervals of 3 years between consecutive waves. The changes in a few selected risk factors were assessed after calibration, assuming patients with similar demographic and anthropometry profile had similar physiology. The tracking pattern of the risk factors was determined with stability coefficients derived from generalised estimating equations. RESULTS The medians of the longitudinal differences in risk factors between the waves were mostly modest at <10%. Larger increases in augmentation index (AI), aortic systolic blood pressure (BP) and aortic mean BP were consistently observed after calibration. The medians of the longitudinal differences in AI, aortic systolic BP and aortic mean BP between the waves were <2% before calibration, but increased slightly to <5% after calibration. Most of the risk factors had moderate to high tracking stability. Muscle mass and serum creatinine were among those with relatively high tracking stability. CONCLUSIONS The longitudinal differences in parameters between the waves were overall modest after calibration, suggesting that calibration may attenuate longitudinal differences inflated by non-biological factors such as systematic drift due to batch effect. Changes of the hemodynamic parameters are robust over time and not entirely attributable to age. Our study also demonstrated moderate to high tracking stability for most of the parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Low
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Singapore
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Huili Zheng
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Angela Moh
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Keven Ang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wern Ee Tang
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore
| | - Ziliang Lim
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore
| | | | - Chee Fang Sum
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Singapore
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yu F, Xing C, Fan Y, Liu Y, Su P, Yang Q, Dong Y, Hou Y, Pan S. Aerobic exercise and metformin on intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT): insights from multimodal MRI and histological changes in prediabetic rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:221. [PMID: 37899436 PMCID: PMC10614363 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise is the first-line intervention for prediabetes, and metformin is the most widely used oral insulin-sensitizing agent. Moreover, intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) directly affects insulin resistance by helping maintain glucose homeostasis. Here, we evaluated the effects of moderate aerobic exercise and/or metformin on histological IMAT parameters in non-streptozotocin-induced prediabetes. METHODS Male Wistar rats with prediabetes fed a high-fat diet and high-sugar drinks were randomly assigned to high-fat diet (PRE), metformin (MET), moderate aerobic exercise (EXE), combined therapy (EMC), or EMC + compound-c (EMA) groups for 4 weeks. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was then performed, and tissue-specific inflammation and energy and lipid metabolism were evaluated in IMAT. RESULTS The EXE group had lower inflammatory factor levels, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial oxidative stress, and shorter IMAT adipocyte diameters than the MET group. The MET group exhibited lower IL-1β and Plin5 expression than the PRE group. Furthermore, the IMAT of the EMC group had lower TNF-α and phosphorylated NF-κB levels and higher GLUT1 and GLUT4 expression than the PRE group. Multimodal MRI revealed significant changes in transverse-relaxation time 2, apparent diffusion coefficient, and fractional anisotropy values in the IMAT and muscles, as well as lower IMAT% values in the EXE and EMC groups than in the MET and PRE groups. CONCLUSION Moderate aerobic exercise training can effectively improve IMAT function and structure via the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway in prediabetes. Combining metformin with moderate aerobic exercise might elicit modest synergy, and metformin does not counterbalance the beneficial effects of exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyao Yu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Chuan Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiping Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiuhua Yang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yang Hou
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Shinong Pan
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang T, Li J, Li X, Liu Y. Intermuscular adipose tissue in obesity and related disorders: cellular origins, biological characteristics and regulatory mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1280853. [PMID: 37920255 PMCID: PMC10619759 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1280853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is a unique adipose depot interspersed between muscle fibers (myofibers) or muscle groups. Numerous studies have shown that IMAT is strongly associated with insulin resistance and muscular dysfunction in people with metabolic disease, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, IMAT aggravates obesity-related muscle metabolism disorders via secretory factors. Interestingly, researchers have discovered that intermuscular brown adipocytes in rodent models provide new hope for obesity treatment by acting on energy dissipation, which inspired researchers to explore the underlying regulation of IMAT formation. However, the molecular and cellular properties and regulatory processes of IMAT remain debated. Previous studies have suggested that muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells and other adipose tissue progenitors contribute to the development of IMAT. Adipocytes within IMAT exhibit features that are similar to either white adipocytes or uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-positive brown adipocytes. Additionally, given the heterogeneity of skeletal muscle, which comprises myofibers, satellite cells, and resident mesenchymal progenitors, it is plausible that interplay between these cellular components actively participate in the regulation of intermuscular adipogenesis. In this context, we review recent studies associated with IMAT to offer insights into the cellular origins, biological properties, and regulatory mechanisms of IMAT. Our aim is to provide novel ideas for the therapeutic strategy of IMAT and the development of new drugs targeting IMAT-related metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Center of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Research Center, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Center of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ford H, Liu Q, Fu X, Strieder-Barboza C. White Adipose Tissue Heterogeneity in the Single-Cell Era: From Mice and Humans to Cattle. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1289. [PMID: 37886999 PMCID: PMC10604679 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a major modulator of metabolic function by regulating energy storage and by acting as an endocrine organ through the secretion of adipokines. With the advantage of next-generation sequencing-based single-cell technologies, adipose tissue has been studied at single-cell resolution, thus providing unbiased insight into its molecular composition. Recent single-cell RNA sequencing studies in human and mouse models have dissected the transcriptional cellular heterogeneity of subcutaneous (SAT), visceral (VAT), and intramuscular (IMAT) white adipose tissue depots and revealed unique populations of adipose tissue progenitor cells, mature adipocytes, immune cell, vascular cells, and mesothelial cells that play direct roles on adipose tissue function and the development of metabolic disorders. In livestock species, especially in bovine, significant gaps of knowledge remain in elucidating the roles of adipose tissue cell types and depots on driving the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders and the distinct fat deposition in VAT, SAT, and IMAT in meat animals. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the transcriptional and functional cellular diversity of white adipose tissue revealed by single-cell approaches and highlights the depot-specific function of adipose tissue in different mammalian species, with a particular focus on recent findings and future implications in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Ford
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Qianglin Liu
- School of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (Q.L.); (X.F.)
| | - Xing Fu
- School of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (Q.L.); (X.F.)
| | - Clarissa Strieder-Barboza
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bo B, Guo A, Kaila SJ, Hao Z, Zhang H, Wei J, Yao Y. Elucidating the primary mechanisms of high-intensity interval training for improved cardiac fitness in obesity. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1170324. [PMID: 37608837 PMCID: PMC10441243 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1170324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global and rising multifactorial pandemic associated with the emergence of several comorbidities that are risk factors for malignant cardiac remodeling and disease. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has gained considerable attention due to its favorable outcomes of cardiometabolic health in individuals with overweight or obese. The primary aim of this review is to discuss the fundamental processes through which HIIT improves cardiac impairment in individuals with obesity to develop viable treatments for obesity management. In this review, a multiple database search and collection were conducted from the earliest record to January 2013 for studies included the qualitative component of HIIT intervention in humans and animals with overweight/obesity related to cardiac remodeling and fitness. We attempt to integrate the main mechanisms of HIIT in cardiac remolding improvement in obesity into an overall sequential hypothesis. This work focus on the ameliorative effects of HIIT on obesity-induced cardiac remodeling with respect to potential and pleiotropic mechanisms, including adipose distribution, energy metabolism, inflammatory response, insulin resistance, and related risk profiles in obesity. In conclusion, HIIT has been shown to reduce obesity-induced risks of cardiac remodeling, but the long-term effects of HIIT on obesity-induced cardiac injury and disease are presently unknown. Collective understanding highlights numerous specific research that are needed before the safety and effectiveness of HIIT can be confirmed and widely adopted in patient with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bo
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sports Reform and Development Research Center, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Aijing Guo
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Severa Jafeth Kaila
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhe Hao
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Huiqing Zhang
- Sports Reform and Development Research Center, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jianshe Wei
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Sports Reform and Development Research Center, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Naruse M, Vincenty CS, Konopka AR, Trappe SW, Harber MP, Trappe TA. Cycle exercise training and muscle mass: A preliminary investigation of 17 lower limb muscles in older men. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15781. [PMID: 37606179 PMCID: PMC10442866 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cycling exercise in older individuals is beneficial for the cardiovascular system and quadriceps muscles, including partially reversing the age-related loss of quadriceps muscle mass. However, the effect of cycling exercise on the numerous other lower limb muscles is unknown. Six older men (74 ± 8 years) underwent MRI before and after 12-weeks of progressive aerobic cycle exercise training (3-4 days/week, 60-180 min/week, 60%-80% heart rate reserve, VO2 max: +13%) for upper (rectus femoris, vastii, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis, sartorius, biceps femoris long head, biceps femoris short head, semimembranosus, semitendinosus) and lower (anterior tibial, posterior tibialis, peroneals, flexor digitorum longus, lateral gastrocnemius, medial gastrocnemius, soleus) leg muscle volumes. In the upper leg, cycle exercise training induced hypertrophy (p ≤ 0.05) in the vastii (+7%) and sartorius (+6%), with a trend to increase biceps femoris short head (+5%, p = 0.1). Additionally, there was a trend to decrease muscle volume in the adductor longus (-6%, p = 0.1) and biceps femoris long head (-5%, p = 0.09). In the lower leg, all 7 muscle volumes assessed were unaltered pre- to post-training (-2% to -3%, p > 0.05). This new evidence related to cycle exercise training in older individuals clarifies the specific upper leg muscles that are highly impacted, while revealing all the lower leg muscles do not appear responsive, in the context of muscle mass and sarcopenia. This study provides information for exercise program development in older individuals, suggesting other specific exercises are needed for the rectus femoris and adductors, certain hamstrings, and the anterior and posterior lower leg muscles to augment the beneficial effects of cycling exercise for older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Naruse
- Human Performance LaboratoryBall State UniversityMuncieIndianaUSA
| | | | - Adam R. Konopka
- Human Performance LaboratoryBall State UniversityMuncieIndianaUSA
| | - Scott W. Trappe
- Human Performance LaboratoryBall State UniversityMuncieIndianaUSA
| | | | - Todd A. Trappe
- Human Performance LaboratoryBall State UniversityMuncieIndianaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
de Lange P, Lombardi A, Silvestri E, Cioffi F, Giacco A, Iervolino S, Petito G, Senese R, Lanni A, Moreno M. Physiological Approaches Targeting Cellular and Mitochondrial Pathways Underlying Adipose Organ Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11676. [PMID: 37511435 PMCID: PMC10380998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipose organ is involved in many metabolic functions, ranging from the production of endocrine factors to the regulation of thermogenic processes. Aging is a natural process that affects the physiology of the adipose organ, leading to metabolic disorders, thus strongly impacting healthy aging. Cellular senescence modifies many functional aspects of adipose tissue, leading to metabolic alterations through defective adipogenesis, inflammation, and aberrant adipocytokine production, and in turn, it triggers systemic inflammation and senescence, as well as insulin resistance in metabolically active tissues, leading to premature declined physiological features. In the various aging fat depots, senescence involves a multiplicity of cell types, including mature adipocytes and immune, endothelial, and progenitor cells that are aging, highlighting their involvement in the loss of metabolic flexibility, one of the common features of aging-related metabolic disorders. Since mitochondrial stress represents a key trigger of cellular senescence, and senescence leads to the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria with impaired dynamics and hindered homeostasis, this review focuses on the beneficial potential of targeting mitochondria, so that strategies can be developed to manage adipose tissue senescence for the treatment of age-related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter de Lange
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonia Giacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Stefania Iervolino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Moreno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sheptulina AF, Antyukh KY, Kiselev AR, Mitkovskaya NP, Drapkina OM. Possible Mechanisms Linking Obesity, Steroidogenesis, and Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1415. [PMID: 37374197 DOI: 10.3390/life13061415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that skeletal muscles may play a role in the pathogenesis of obesity and associated conditions due to their impact on insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. Skeletal muscles, as well as adipose tissue, are largely recognized as endocrine organs, producing biologically active substances, such as myokines and adipokines. They may have either beneficial or harmful effects on the organism and its functions, acting through the endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine pathways. Moreover, the collocation of adipose tissue and skeletal muscles, i.e., the amount of intramuscular, intermuscular, and visceral adipose depots, may be of major importance for metabolic health. Traditionally, the generalized and progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength or physical function, named sarcopenia, has been thought to be associated with age. That is why most recently published papers are focused on the investigation of the effect of obesity on skeletal muscle function in older adults. However, accumulated data indicate that sarcopenia may arise in individuals with obesity at any age, so it seems important to clarify the possible mechanisms linking obesity and skeletal muscle dysfunction regardless of age. Since steroids, namely, glucocorticoids (GCs) and sex steroids, have a major impact on the amount and function of both adipose tissue and skeletal muscles, and are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, in this review, we will also discuss the role of steroids in the interaction of these two metabolically active tissues in the course of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna F Sheptulina
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Obesity, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Karina Yu Antyukh
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology, 220036 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Anton R Kiselev
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia P Mitkovskaya
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology, 220036 Minsk, Belarus
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Belarusian State Medical University, 220116 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Oxana M Drapkina
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Obesity, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Morgan PT, Smeuninx B, Marshall RN, Korzepa M, Quinlan JI, McPhee JS, Breen L. Greater myofibrillar protein synthesis following weight-bearing activity in obese old compared with non-obese old and young individuals. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-023-00833-2. [PMID: 37328646 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms through which obesity impacts age-related muscle mass regulation are unclear. In the present study, rates of integrated myofibrillar protein synthesis (iMyoPS) were measured over 48-h prior-to and following a 45-min treadmill walk in 10 older-obese (O-OB, body fat[%]: 33 ± 3%), 10 older-non-obese (O-NO, 20 ± 3%), and 15 younger-non-obese (Y-NO, 13 ± 5%) individuals. Surface electromyography was used to determine thigh muscle "activation". Quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA), volume, and intramuscular thigh fat fraction (ITFF) were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured by dynamometry. Quadriceps CSA and volume were greater (muscle volume, Y-NO: 1182 ± 232 cm3; O-NO: 869 ± 155 cm3; O-OB: 881 ± 212 cm3, P < 0.01) and ITFF significantly lower (m. vastus lateralis, Y-NO: 3.0 ± 1.0%; O-NO: 4.0 ± 0.9%; O-OB: 9.1 ± 2.6%, P ≤ 0.03) in Y-NO compared with O-NO and O-OB, with no difference between O-NO and O-OB in quadriceps CSA and volume. ITFF was significantly higher in O-OB compared with O-NO. Relative MVC was lower in O-OB compared with Y-NO and O-NO (Y-NO: 5.5 ± 1.6 n·m/kg-1; O-NO: 3.9 ± 1.0 n·m/kg-1; O-OB: 2.9 ± 1.1 n·m/kg-1, P < 0.0001). Thigh muscle "activation" during the treadmill walk was greater in O-OB compared with Y-NO and O-NO (Y-NO: 30.5 ± 13.5%; O-NO: 35.8 ± 19.7%; O-OB: 68.3 ± 32.3%, P < 0.01). Habitual iMyoPS did not differ between groups, whereas iMyoPS was significantly elevated over 48-h post-walk in O-OB (+ 38.6 ± 1.2%·day-1, P < 0.01) but not Y-NO or O-NO (+ 11.4 ± 1.1%·day-1 and + 17.1 ± 1.1%·day-1, respectively, both P > 0.271). Equivalent muscle mass in O-OB may be explained by the muscle anabolic response to weight-bearing activity, whereas the age-related decline in indices of muscle quality appears to be exacerbated in O-OB and warrants further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Morgan
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, 99 Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 7EL, UK
| | - Benoit Smeuninx
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Monash Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan N Marshall
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Marie Korzepa
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jonathan I Quinlan
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jamie S McPhee
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, 99 Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 7EL, UK
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Piponnier E, Ishikawa M, Kunimasa Y, Sano K, Jagot K, Boisseau N, Kurihara T, Martin V. Quantification of Extramyocellular Lipids and Intramuscular Fat from Muscle Echo Intensity in Lower Limb Muscles: A Comparison of Four Ultrasound Devices against Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115282. [PMID: 37300012 DOI: 10.3390/s23115282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare different ultrasound devices with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to quantify muscle lipid content from echo intensity (EI). Four different ultrasound devices were used to measure muscle EI and subcutaneous fat thickness in four lower-limb muscles. Intramuscular fat (IMF), intramyocellular (IMCL) and extramyocellular lipids (EMCL) were measured using MRS. Linear regression was used to compare raw and subcutaneous fat thickness-corrected EI values to IMCL, EMCL and IMF. IMCL had a poor correlation with muscle EI (r = 0.17-0.32, NS), while EMCL (r = 0.41-0.84, p < 0.05-p < 0.001) and IMF (r = 0.49-0.84, p < 0.01-p < 0.001) had moderate to strong correlation with raw EI. All relationships were improved when considering the effect of subcutaneous fat thickness on muscle EI measurements. The slopes of the relationships were similar across devices, but there were some differences in the y-intercepts when raw EI values were used. These differences disappeared when subcutaneous fat thickness-corrected EI values were considered, allowing for the creation of generic prediction equations (r = 0.41-0.68, p < 0.001). These equations can be used to quantify IMF and EMCL within lower limb muscles from corrected-EI values in non-obese subjects, regardless of the ultrasound device used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Piponnier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratory of Human Motricity, Heath and Sport Expertise (LAMHESS), UPR 6312, University Côte d'Azur, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka 590-0496, Japan
| | - Yoko Kunimasa
- Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka 590-0496, Japan
- Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Kanae Sano
- Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka 590-0496, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka 559-8611, Japan
| | - Kévin Jagot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Boisseau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Toshiyuki Kurihara
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kokushikan University, Tokyo 154-8515, Japan
| | - Vincent Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
He C, Xie D, Fu LF, Yu JN, Wu FY, Qiu YG, Xu HW. A nomogram based on radiomics intermuscular adipose analysis to indicate arteriosclerosis in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1201110. [PMID: 37305059 PMCID: PMC10250635 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1201110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Early identifying arteriosclerosis in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients could contribute to choosing proper subjects for early prevention. Here, we aimed to investigate whether radiomic intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) analysis could be used as a novel marker to indicate arteriosclerosis in newly diagnosed T2D patients. Methods A total of 549 patients with newly diagnosed T2D were included in this study. The clinical information of the patients was recorded and the carotid plaque burden was used to indicate arteriosclerosis. Three models were constructed to evaluate the risk of arteriosclerosis: a clinical model, a radiomics model (a model based on IMAT analysis proceeded on chest CT images), and a clinical-radiomics combined model (a model that integrated clinical-radiological features). The performance of the three models were compared using the area under the curve (AUC) and DeLong test. Nomograms were constructed to indicate arteriosclerosis presence and severity. Calibration curves and decision curves were plotted to evaluate the clinical benefit of using the optimal model. Results The AUC for indicating arteriosclerosis of the clinical-radiomics combined model was higher than that of the clinical model [0.934 (0.909, 0.959) vs. 0.687 (0.634, 0.730), P < 0.001 in the training set, 0.933 (0.898, 0.969) vs. 0.721 (0.642, 0.799), P < 0.001 in the validation set]. Similar indicative efficacies were found between the clinical-radiomics combined model and radiomics model (P = 0.5694). The AUC for indicating the severity of arteriosclerosis of the combined clinical-radiomics model was higher than that of both the clinical model and radiomics model [0.824 (0.765, 0.882) vs. 0.755 (0.683, 0.826) and 0.734 (0.663, 0.805), P < 0.001 in the training set, 0.717 (0.604, 0.830) vs. 0.620 (0.490, 0.750) and 0.698 (0.582, 0.814), P < 0.001 in the validation set, respectively]. The decision curve showed that the clinical-radiomics combined model and radiomics model indicated a better performance than the clinical model in indicating arteriosclerosis. However, in indicating severe arteriosclerosis, the clinical-radiomics combined model had higher efficacy than the other two models. Conclusion Radiomics IMAT analysis could be a novel marker for indicating arteriosclerosis in patients with newly diagnosed T2D. The constructed nomograms provide a quantitative and intuitive way to assess the risk of arteriosclerosis, which may help clinicians comprehensively analyse radiomics characteristics and clinical risk factors more confidently.
Collapse
|
29
|
Souza AC, Amelie S T, Jan P M, Filipe A M, Sanjay D, Jon H, Ron B, Sharmila D, Marcelo F DC, Florian J F, Viviany R T. Intermuscular Adiposity is Associated with Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction Independently of Body Mass Index and Modifies its Effect on Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.03.23289408. [PMID: 37205484 PMCID: PMC10187458 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.03.23289408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Background: Skeletal muscle (SM) fat infiltration, or intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), reflects muscle quality and is associated with inflammation, a key determinant in cardiometabolic disease. Coronary flow reserve (CFR), a marker of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), is independently associated with BMI, inflammation and risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction and death. We sought to investigate the relationship between skeletal muscle quality, CMD and cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: Consecutive patients (N=669) undergoing evaluation for CAD with cardiac stress PET demonstrating normal perfusion and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction were followed over median 6 years for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including death and hospitalization for myocardial infarction or heart failure. CFR was calculated as stress/rest myocardial blood flow and CMD defined as CFR<2. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), SM and IMAT areas (cm 2 ) were obtained from simultaneous PET attenuation correction CTs using semi-automated segmentation at the twelfth thoracic vertebra (T12) level. Results: Median age was 63 years, 70% were female and 46% nonwhite. Nearly half of patients were obese (46%, BMI 30-61) and BMI correlated highly with SAT and IMAT (r=0.84 and 0.71, respectively, p<0.001) and moderately with SM (r=0.52, p<0.001). Decreased SM and increased IMAT, but not BMI or SAT, remained independently associated with decreased CFR (adjusted p=0.03 and p=0.04, respectively). In adjusted analyses, both lower CFR and higher IMAT were associated with increased MACE [HR 1.78 (1.23-2.58) per -1U CFR and 1.53 (1.30-1.80) per +10 cm 2 IMAT, adjusted p=0.002 and p<0.0001, respectively], while higher SM and SAT were protective [HR 0.89 (0.81-0.97) per +10 cm 2 SM and 0.94 (0.91-0.98) per +10 cm 2 SAT, adjusted p=0.01 and 0.003, respectively]. Every 1% increase in fatty muscle fraction [IMAT/(SM+IMAT)] conferred an independent 2% increased odds of CMD [CFR<2, OR 1.02 (1.01-1.04), adjusted p=0.04] and a 7% increased risk of MACE [HR 1.07 (1.04-1.09), adjusted p<0.001]. There was a significant interaction between CFR and IMAT, not BMI, such that patients with both CMD and fatty muscle demonstrated highest MACE risk (adjusted p=0.02). Conclusion: Increased intermuscular fat is associated with CMD and adverse cardiovascular outcomes independently of BMI and conventional risk factors. The presence of CMD and skeletal muscle fat infiltration identified a novel at-risk cardiometabolic phenotype.
Collapse
|
30
|
A new Article Series for adipose tissue. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:249. [PMID: 36997807 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
|