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Huang L, Wu J, Cao J, Sheng X, Wang M, Cheng T. Resolvin D1 inhibits T follicular helper cell expansion in systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol 2024; 53:276-283. [PMID: 38742879 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2024.2344906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is one of the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, which control inflammation resolution and regulate immune responses. Previous research showed that RvD1 could block the progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the detailed mechanism remains to be fully understood. METHOD Plasma RvD1 levels, and proportions of T follicular helper cells (Tfh cells) were measured in SLE patients and healthy controls. Plasma RvD1 levels and proportions of Tfh cells were quantitated in an MRL/lpr mouse model of lupus treated with RvD1. Naïve CD4+ T cells were purified from MRL/lpr mice to study the effect of RvD1 on Tfh cell differentiation in vitro. RESULTS In patients, there were significant negative correlations between plasma RvD1 levels and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score, as well as between plasma RvD1 and anti-double-stranded DNA antibody levels, and numbers of peripheral Tfh cells and plasma cells. In MRL/lpr mice, the expected amelioration of disease phenotype and inflammatory response with RvD1 treatment correlated with decreased percentages of Tfh cells and plasma cells. In addition, the differentiation and proliferation of Tfh cells were markedly suppressed by RvD1 in vitro. CONCLUSION RvD1 may control SLE progression through the suppression of Tfh cell differentiation and subsequent inhibition of B-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Su Zhou, PR China
| | - J Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Su Zhou, PR China
| | - J Cao
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Su Zhou, PR China
| | - X Sheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Su Zhou, PR China
| | - M Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Su Zhou, PR China
| | - T Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Su Zhou, PR China
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2
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He Q, He W, Dong H, Guo Y, Yuan G, Shi X, Wang D, Lu F. Role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:346. [PMID: 38943171 PMCID: PMC11214243 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are highly specialized endothelial cells that represent the interface between blood cells on one side and hepatocytes on the other side. LSECs not only form a barrier within the hepatic sinus, but also play important physiological functions such as regulating hepatic vascular pressure, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic. Pathologically, pathogenic factors can induce LSECs capillarization, that is, loss of fenestra and dysfunction, which are conducive to early steatosis, lay the foundation for the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and accelerate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and liver fibrosis. The unique localization, phenotype, and function of LSECs make them potential candidates for reducing liver injury, inflammation, and preventing or reversing fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyao He
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wu He
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yujin Guo
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Gang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dingkun Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Fuer Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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3
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Sun B, Liu L, Han L, Li Q, Wu Q, Hou J, Wang W, Ying W, Zhou Q, Qian F, Lu W, Wang X, Sun J. Novel Mutation in the Moesin (MSN) Gene Leads to Immunodeficiency with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Infection and Dermatomyositis-Like Symptoms. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:155. [PMID: 38922539 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01755-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Moesin (MSN) deficiency is a recently reported combined immunodeficiency, and few cases have been reported to date. We describe a Chinese patient with a novel mutation causing MSN deficiency and a novel phenotype. METHODS Clinical and immunological data were collected. Whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify gene mutations. MSN protein expression and T cell proliferation and activation were determined by flow cytometry. Cell migration was confirmed with a Transwell assay. Autoantibody levels were analyzed using antigen microarrays. RESULTS The patient was a 10-year-old boy who presented with recurrent fever, oral ulcers and dermatomyositis-like symptoms, such as periorbital edema, facial swelling, elevated creatine kinase levels, and abnormal electromyography and muscle biopsy results. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA was detected in the serum, cells and tissues of this patient. He further developed nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma. A novel hemizygous mutation (c.68 A > G, p.N23S) in the MSN gene was found. The immunological phenotype of this patient included persistent decreases in T and B lymphocyte counts but normal immunoglobulin IgG levels. The patient had attenuated MSN protein expression and impaired T-cell proliferation and migration. The proportions of Tfh cells and CD21low B cells in the patient were higher than those in the controls. Moreover, 82 IgG and 102 IgM autoantibodies were more abundant in the patient than in the healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS The novel mutation N23S is pathogenic and leads to a severe clinical phenotype. EBV infection, tumor, and dermatomyositis-like autoimmune symptoms may be associated with MSN deficiency, further expanding the understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Luyao Liu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Lingli Han
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Qifan Li
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Jia Hou
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Wenjing Ying
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Qinhua Zhou
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wei Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jinqiao Sun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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4
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Cohen S, Beebe JS, Chindalore V, Guan S, Hassan-Zahraee M, Saxena M, Xi L, Hyde C, Koride S, Levin R, Lubaczewski S, Salganik M, Sloan A, Stevens E, Peeva E, Vincent MS, Martin DA, Chu M. A Phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-dose escalation study to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of PF-06835375, a C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 directed antibody, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:117. [PMID: 38845046 PMCID: PMC11155132 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of PF‑06835375, a potent selective afucosyl immunoglobulin G1 antibody targeting C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5) that potentially depletes B cells, follicular T helper (Tfh) cells, and circulating Tfh-like (cTfh) cells, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS This first-in-human, multicenter, double-blind, sponsor-open, placebo-controlled Phase 1 study recruited patients aged 18-70 years with SLE or RA. In Part A, patients received single doses of intravenous PF-06835375 (dose range: 0.03-6 mg) or placebo in six sequential single ascending dose (SAD) cohorts. In Part B, patients received repeat doses of subcutaneous PF-06835375 (dose range: 0.3-10 mg) or placebo on Days 1 and 29 in five multiple ascending dose (MAD) cohorts. Tetanus/Diphtheria (Td) and Meningococcal B (MenB/Trumenba™) vaccines were administered at Day 4 (Td and MenB) and Week 8 (MenB only) to assess PF-06835375 functional effects. Endpoints included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), pharmacokinetic parameters, pharmacodynamic effects on B and cTfh cells, and biomarker counts, vaccine response, and exploratory differential gene expression analysis. Safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic endpoints are summarized descriptively. The change from baseline of B and Tfh cell-specific genes over time was calculated using a prespecified mixed-effects model, with a false discovery rate < 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS In total, 73 patients were treated (SAD cohorts: SLE, n = 17; RA, n = 14; MAD cohorts: SLE, n = 22; RA, n = 20). Mean age was 53.3 years. Sixty-two (84.9%) patients experienced TEAEs (placebo n = 17; PF-06835375 n = 45); most were mild or moderate. Three (9.7%) patients experienced serious adverse events. Mean t1/2 ranged from 3.4-121.4 h (SAD cohorts) and 162.0-234.0 h (MAD cohorts, Day 29). B and cTfh cell counts generally showed dose-dependent reductions across cohorts (range of mean maximum depletion: 67.3-99.3%/62.4-98.7% [SAD] and 91.1-99.6%/89.5-98.1% [MAD], respectively). B cell-related genes and pathways were significantly downregulated in patients treated with PF-06835375. CONCLUSIONS These data support further development of PF-06835375 to assess the clinical potential for B and Tfh cell depletion as a treatment for autoimmune diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03334851.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Adult
- Double-Blind Method
- Female
- Male
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Aged
- Receptors, CXCR5
- Young Adult
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Adolescent
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Antirheumatic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Cohen
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School Metroplex Clinical Research Center, 8144 Walnut Hill Lane, Suite 800, Dallas, TX, 75231, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Xi
- Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Levin
- Clinical Research of West Florida, Clearwater, FL, USA
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5
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Tektonidou MG, Vlachogiannis NI, Sfikakis PP. T cell involvement in antiphospholipid syndrome. Clin Immunol 2024; 263:110218. [PMID: 38640985 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by arterial and venous thrombosis, and obstetric complications in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), including lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin and anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies. APS manifests as single, often as recurrent events, and rarely as a catastrophic condition. Most studies of APS pathogenesis to date have focused on the prothrombotic role of aPL, while innate immune responses such as monocyte, complement and neutrophil activation have been also recognized as part of the thrombo-inflammatory cascade in APS. While the presence of autoreactive T cells against β2-glycoprotein I has been long known, less data are available on their pathogenetic role in APS. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the involvement of T cells in APS pathophysiology, alterations of T cell subsets in peripheral blood, and clinical associations. We also highlight potential therapeutic opportunities by targeting T helper-B cell interactions in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Tektonidou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos I Vlachogiannis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Edner NM, Houghton LP, Ntavli E, Rees-Spear C, Petersone L, Wang C, Fabri A, Elfaki Y, Rueda Gonzalez A, Brown R, Kisand K, Peterson P, McCoy LE, Walker LSK. TIGIT +Tfh show poor B-helper function and negatively correlate with SARS-CoV-2 antibody titre. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395684. [PMID: 38868776 PMCID: PMC11167088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating follicular helper T cells (cTfh) can show phenotypic alterations in disease settings, including in the context of tissue-damaging autoimmune or anti-viral responses. Using severe COVID-19 as a paradigm of immune dysregulation, we have explored how cTfh phenotype relates to the titre and quality of antibody responses. Severe disease was associated with higher titres of neutralising S1 IgG and evidence of increased T cell activation. ICOS, CD38 and HLA-DR expressing cTfh correlated with serum S1 IgG titres and neutralising strength, and interestingly expression of TIGIT by cTfh showed a negative correlation. TIGIT+cTfh expressed increased IFNγ and decreased IL-17 compared to their TIGIT-cTfh counterparts, and showed reduced capacity to help B cells in vitro. Additionally, TIGIT+cTfh expressed lower levels of CD40L than TIGIT-cTfh, providing a potential explanation for their poor B-helper function. These data identify phenotypic changes in polyclonal cTfh that correlate with specific antibody responses and reveal TIGIT as a marker of cTfh with altered function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Edner
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke P. Houghton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisavet Ntavli
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chloe Rees-Spear
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lina Petersone
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chunjing Wang
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Astrid Fabri
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yassin Elfaki
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Rueda Gonzalez
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Brown
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Kisand
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Laura E. McCoy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy S. K. Walker
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Unoki M. Exploring the intersection of epigenetics, DNA repair, and immunology from studies of ICF syndrome, an inborn error of immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1405022. [PMID: 38799442 PMCID: PMC11116680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1405022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, and facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive disorder, manifests with hypoglobulinemia and chromosomal instability accompanied by DNA hypomethylation. Pathological variants in the DNMT3B, ZBTB24, CDCA7, or HELLS genes underlie its etiology. Activated lymphocytes from patients often display distinctive multiradial chromosomes fused via pericentromeric regions. Recent studies have provided deeper insights into how pathological variants in ICF-related proteins cause DNA hypomethylation and chromosome instability. However, the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis underlying immunodeficiency is still in its nascent stages. In the past half-decade, the roles of CDCA7, HELLS, and ZBTB24 in classical non-homologous end joining during double-strand DNA break repair and immunoglobulin class-switch recombination (CSR) have been unveiled. Nevertheless, given the decreased all classes of immunoglobulins in most patients, CSR deficiency alone cannot fully account for the immunodeficiency. The latest finding showing dysregulation of immunoglobulin signaling may provide a clue to understanding the immunodeficiency mechanism. While less common, a subgroup of patients exhibits T-cell abnormalities alongside B-cell anomalies, including reduced regulatory T-cells and increased effector memory T- and follicular helper T-cells. The dysregulation of immunoglobulin signaling in B-cells, the imbalance in T-cell subsets, and/or satellite RNA-mediated activation of innate immune response potentially explain autoimmune manifestations in a subset of patients. These findings emphasize the pivotal roles of ICF-related proteins in both B- and T-cell functions. ICF syndrome studies have illuminated many fundamental mechanisms. Further investigations will certainly continue to unveil additional mechanisms and their interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Unoki
- Department of Human Genetics, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Vecchione A, Khosravi-Maharlooei M, Danzl N, Li HW, Nauman G, Madley R, Waffarn E, Winchester R, Ruiz A, Ding X, Fousteri G, Sykes M. Follicular helper- and peripheral helper-like T cells drive autoimmune disease in human immune system mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.02.591692. [PMID: 38746102 PMCID: PMC11092663 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.02.591692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Human immune system (HIS) mice constructed in various ways are widely used for investigations of human immune responses to pathogens, transplants and immunotherapies. In HIS mice that generate T cells de novo from hematopoietic progenitors, T cell-dependent multisystem autoimmune disease occurs, most rapidly when the human T cells develop in the native NOD.Cg- Prkdc scid Il2rg tm1Wjl (NSG) mouse thymus, where negative selection is abnormal. Disease develops very late when human T cells develop in human fetal thymus grafts, where robust negative selection is observed. We demonstrate here that PD-1 + CD4 + peripheral (Tph) helper-like and follicular (Tfh) helper-like T cells developing in HIS mice can induce autoimmune disease. Tfh-like cells were more prominent in HIS mice with a mouse thymus, in which the highest levels of IgG were detected in plasma, compared to those with a human thymus. While circulating IgG and IgM antibodies were autoreactive to multiple mouse antigens, in vivo depletion of B cells and antibodies did not delay the development of autoimmune disease. Conversely, adoptive transfer of enriched Tfh- or Tph-like cells induced disease and autoimmunity-associated B cell phenotypes in recipient mice containing autologous human APCs without T cells. T cells from mice with a human thymus expanded and induced disease more rapidly than those originating in a murine thymus, implicating HLA-restricted T cell-APC interactions in this process. Since Tfh, Tph, autoantibodies and LIP have all been implicated in various forms of human autoimmune disease, the observations here provide a platform for the further dissection of human autoimmune disease mechanisms and therapies.
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9
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Hetemäki I, Sarkkinen J, Heikkilä N, Drechsel K, Mäyränpää MI, Färkkilä A, Laakso S, Mäkitie O, Arstila TP, Kekäläinen E. Dysregulated germinal center reaction with expanded T follicular helper cells in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy lymph nodes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1445-1455. [PMID: 38128835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED, also called APS-1) is an inborn error of immunity with clear signs of B-cell autoimmunity such as neutralizing anti-IFN antibodies. In APECED, mutations in the AIRE gene impair thymic negative selection of T cells. The resulting T-cell alterations may then cause dysregulation of B-cell responses. However, no analysis of interactions of T and B cells in the germinal centers (GCs) in patients' secondary lymphatic tissues has been reported. OBJECTIVE This study examined the relationship between B cells and follicular T helper cells (TfH) in peripheral blood and lymph node (LN) GCs in patients with APECED. METHODS Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood B cells and TfH was performed for 24 patients with APECED. Highly multiplexed fluorescent immunohistochemical staining was performed on 7 LN biopsy samples from the patients to study spatial interactions of lymphocytes in the GCs at the single-cell level. RESULTS The patients' peripheral B-cell phenotype revealed skewing toward a mature B-cell phenotype with marked loss of transitional and naive B cells. The frequency of circulating TfH cells was diminished in the patients, while in the LNs the TfH population was expanded. In LNs the overall frequency of Treg cells and interactions of Treg cells with nonfollicular T cells were reduced, suggesting that aberrant Treg cell function might fail to restrain TfH differentiation. CONCLUSIONS GC reactions are disrupted in APECED as a result of defective T-cell control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iivo Hetemäki
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Joona Sarkkinen
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nelli Heikkilä
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karen Drechsel
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko I Mäyränpää
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anniina Färkkilä
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, FIMM & HiLIFE University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saila Laakso
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Petteri Arstila
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eliisa Kekäläinen
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Chen Y, Zhao T, Chen L, Jiang G, Geng Y, Li W, Yin S, Tong X, Tao Y, Ni J, Lu Q, Ning M, Wu C. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection augments the magnitude and durability of systemic and mucosal immunity in triple-dose CoronaVac recipients. mBio 2024; 15:e0240723. [PMID: 38456703 PMCID: PMC11005357 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02407-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The inactivated whole-virion vaccine, CoronaVac, is one of the most widely used coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines worldwide. There is a paucity of data indicating the durability of the immune response and the impact of immune imprinting induced by CoronaVac upon Omicron infection. In this prospective cohort study, 41 recipients of triple-dose CoronaVac and 14 unvaccinated individuals were recruited. We comprehensively profiled adaptive immune parameters in both groups, including spike-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA titers, neutralizing activity, B cells, circulating follicular helper T (cTfh) cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and their memory subpopulations at 12 months after the third booster dose and at 4 and 20 weeks after Omicron BA.5 infection. Twelve months after the third CoronaVac vaccination, spike-specific antibodies and cellular responses were detectable in most vaccinated individuals. BA.5 infection significantly augmented the magnitude, cross-reactivity, and durability of serum neutralization activities, Fc-mediated phagocytosis, nasal spike-specific IgA responses, memory B cells, activated cTfh cells, memory CD4+ T cells, and memory CD8+ T cells for both the ancestral strain and Omicron subvariants, compared to unvaccinated individuals. Notably, the increase in BA.5-specific immunity after breakthrough infection was consistently comparable to or higher than that of the ancestral strain, suggesting no evidence of immune imprinting. Immune landscape analyses showed that vaccinated individuals have better synchronization of multiple immune components than unvaccinated individuals upon heterologous infection. Our data provide detailed insight into the protective role of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in shaping humoral and cellular immunity to Omicron infection. IMPORTANCE There is a paucity of data indicating the durability of the immune response and the impact of immune imprinting induced by CoronaVac upon Omicron breakthrough infection. In this prospective cohort study, the anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 adaptive responses were analyzed before and after the Omicron BA.5 infection. Our data provide detailed insight into the protective role of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in shaping humoral and cellular immune responses to heterologous Omicron infection. CLINICAL TRIAL This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT05680896.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanting Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengxia Yin
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuhan Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingzhe Ning
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Li Z, Wang S, Xu Q, Su X, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhang Y. The double roles of T cell-mediated immune response in the progression of MASLD. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116333. [PMID: 38479177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), has become a major cause of chronic liver disease and a significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma, which poses a huge burden on global public health and economy. MASLD includes steatotic liver disease, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis, and the latter two cause great harm to human health and life, even complicated with liver cancer. Immunologic mechanism plays a major role in promoting its development into hepatitis and cirrhosis. Now more and more evidences show that T cells play an important role in the progression of MASLD. In this review, we discuss the double roles of T cells in MASLD from the perspective of T cell response pathways, as well as new evidences regarding the possible application of immunomodulatory therapy in MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Qinchen Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250021, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Third Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250031, China.
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12
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Ma N, Wu WB, Zhao XY, Xu LP, Zhang XH, Wang Y, Mo XD, Zhang YY, Zhao XS, Sun YQ, Cheng YF, Liu KY, Chang YJ, Huang XJ. Targeting T FH cells is a novel approach for donor-specific antibody desensitization of allograft candidates: an in vitro and in vivo study. Haematologica 2024; 109:1233-1246. [PMID: 37822236 PMCID: PMC10985458 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) are associated with graft failure either following human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched allogeneic stem cell transplantation or after organ transplantation. Although targeting B cells and plasma cells have been used for desensitization, there have been reports of failure. T-follicular helper (Tfh) cells assist B cells in differentiating into antibody-secreting plasma cells. We used haploidentical allograft as a platform to investigate the possibility of targeting Tfh cells to desensitize DSA. The quantities of circulating Tfh (cTfh) cell subsets in allograft candidates were abnormal, and these cells, including the cTfh2 and cTfhem cell subsets, were positively related to the production of anti-HLA antibodies. Ex vivo experiments showed that the cTfh cells of anti-HLA antibody-positive allograft candidates could induce B cells to differentiate into DSA-producing plasmablasts. The immune synapse could be involved in the assistance of cTfh cells to B cells in antibody production. In vitro experiments and in vivo clinical pilot studies indicated that targeting cTfh cells with sirolimus can inhibit their auxiliary function in assisting B cells. Ex vivo and in vivo studies demonstrated the effect of sirolimus and rituximab on DSA desensitization compared with either sirolimus or rituximab alone (60%, 43.75%, and 30%, respectively). Our findings provide new insight into the role of Tfh cells in the pathogenesis of DSA production in HLA-mismatched transplant candidates. Our data also indicate that targeting Tfh cells is a novel strategy for DSA desensitization and combination of sirolimus and rituximab might be a potential therapy. The prospective cohort of this study is registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn as #ChiCTR-OPC-15006672.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Peking University People's Hospital and Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 South Street of Xizhimen, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044
| | - Wei-Bing Wu
- Peking University People's Hospital and Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 South Street of Xizhimen, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital and Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 South Street of Xizhimen, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044
| | - Lan-Ping Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital and Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 South Street of Xizhimen, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital and Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 South Street of Xizhimen, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044
| | - Yu Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital and Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 South Street of Xizhimen, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044
| | - Xiao-Dong Mo
- Peking University People's Hospital and Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 South Street of Xizhimen, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital and Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 South Street of Xizhimen, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044
| | - Xiao-Su Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital and Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 South Street of Xizhimen, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044
| | - Yu-Qian Sun
- Peking University People's Hospital and Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 South Street of Xizhimen, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044
| | - Yi-Fei Cheng
- Peking University People's Hospital and Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 South Street of Xizhimen, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044
| | - Kai-Yan Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital and Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 South Street of Xizhimen, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044
| | - Ying-Jun Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital and Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 South Street of Xizhimen, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044.
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital and Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 South Street of Xizhimen, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatments of Hematologic Malignancies, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU029, Beijing.
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13
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Choi SC, Park YP, Roach T, Jimenez D, Fisher A, Zadeh M, Ma L, Sobel ES, Ge Y, Mohamadzadeh M, Morel L. Lupus susceptibility gene Pbx1 controls the development, stability, and function of regulatory T cells via Rtkn2 expression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi4310. [PMID: 38536923 PMCID: PMC10971436 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi4310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The maintenance of regulatory T (Treg) cells critically prevents autoimmunity. Pre-B cell leukemia transcription factor 1 (Pbx1) variants are associated with lupus susceptibility, particularly through the expression of a dominant negative isoform Pbx1-d in CD4+ T cells. Pbx1-d overexpression impaired Treg cell homeostasis and promoted inflammatory CD4+ T cells. Here, we showed a high expression of Pbx1 in human and murine Treg cells, which is decreased in lupus patients and mice. Pbx1 deficiency or Pbx1-d overexpression reduced the number, stability, and suppressive activity of Treg cells, which increased murine responses to immunization and autoimmune induction. Mechanistically, Pbx1 deficiency altered the expression of genes implicated in cell cycle and apoptosis in Treg cells. Intriguingly, Rtkn2, a Rho-GTPase previously associated with Treg homeostasis, was directly transactivated by Pbx1. Our results suggest that the maintenance of Treg cell homeostasis and stability by Pbx1 through cell cycle progression prevent the expansion of inflammatory T cells that otherwise exacerbates lupus progression in the hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Chul Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Yuk Pheel Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Tracoyia Roach
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Damian Jimenez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Amanda Fisher
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Mojgan Zadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Longhuan Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Eric S. Sobel
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yong Ge
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
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14
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Theissen L, Schroeter CB, Huntemann N, Räuber S, Dobelmann V, Cengiz D, Herrmann A, Koch-Hölsken K, Gerdes N, Hu H, Mourikis P, Polzin A, Kelm M, Hartung HP, Meuth SG, Nelke C, Ruck T. Recombinant Acetylcholine Receptor Immunization Induces a Robust Model of Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis in Mice. Cells 2024; 13:508. [PMID: 38534352 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a prototypical autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). The study of the underlying pathophysiology has provided novel insights into the interplay of autoantibodies and complement-mediated tissue damage. Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) emerged as a valuable animal model, designed to gain further insight and to test novel therapeutic approaches for MG. However, the availability of native acetylcholine receptor (AChR) protein is limited favouring the use of recombinant proteins. To provide a simplified platform for the study of MG, we established a model of EAMG using a recombinant protein containing the immunogenic sequence of AChR in mice. This model recapitulates key features of EAMG, including fatigable muscle weakness, the presence of anti-AChR-antibodies, and engagement of the NMJ by complement and a reduced NMJ density. Further characterization of this model demonstrated a prominent B cell immunopathology supported by T follicular helper cells. Taken together, the herein-presented EAMG model may be a valuable tool for the study of MG pathophysiology and the pre-clinical testing of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Theissen
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina B Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Niklas Huntemann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Saskia Räuber
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Vera Dobelmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Derya Cengiz
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Herrmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kathrin Koch-Hölsken
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonolgy and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonolgy and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Mourikis
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonolgy and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Amin Polzin
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonolgy and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonolgy and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Brain and Mind Center, University of Sidney, Sidney NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Palacky University Olomouc, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christopher Nelke
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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15
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Harrison J, Newland SA, Jiang W, Giakomidi D, Zhao X, Clement M, Masters L, Corovic A, Zhang X, Drago F, Ma M, Ozsvar Kozma M, Yasin F, Saady Y, Kothari H, Zhao TX, Shi GP, McNamara CA, Binder CJ, Sage AP, Tarkin JM, Mallat Z, Nus M. Marginal zone B cells produce 'natural' atheroprotective IgM antibodies in a T cell-dependent manner. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:318-328. [PMID: 38381113 PMCID: PMC10939463 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The adaptive immune response plays an important role in atherosclerosis. In response to a high-fat/high-cholesterol (HF/HC) diet, marginal zone B (MZB) cells activate an atheroprotective programme by regulating the differentiation and accumulation of 'poorly differentiated' T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. On the other hand, Tfh cells activate the germinal centre response, which promotes atherosclerosis through the production of class-switched high-affinity antibodies. We therefore investigated the direct role of Tfh cells and the role of IL18 in Tfh differentiation in atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated atherosclerotic mouse models with selective genetic deletion of Tfh cells, MZB cells, or IL18 signalling in Tfh cells. Surprisingly, mice lacking Tfh cells had increased atherosclerosis. Lack of Tfh not only reduced class-switched IgG antibodies against oxidation-specific epitopes (OSEs) but also reduced atheroprotective natural IgM-type anti-phosphorylcholine (PC) antibodies, despite no alteration of natural B1 cells. Moreover, the absence of Tfh cells was associated with an accumulation of MZB cells with substantially reduced ability to secrete antibodies. In the same manner, MZB cell deficiency in Ldlr-/- mice was associated with a significant decrease in atheroprotective IgM antibodies, including natural anti-PC IgM antibodies. In humans, we found a positive correlation between circulating MZB-like cells and anti-OSE IgM antibodies. Finally, we identified an important role for IL18 signalling in HF/HC diet-induced Tfh. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal a previously unsuspected role of MZB cells in regulating atheroprotective 'natural' IgM antibody production in a Tfh-dependent manner, which could have important pathophysiological and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Harrison
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen A Newland
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Despoina Giakomidi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marc Clement
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Laboratory for Vascular Translational Sciences (LVTS), Université de Paris, INSERM U1148, Paris, France
| | - Leanne Masters
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrej Corovic
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabrizio Drago
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Marcella Ma
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Ozsvar Kozma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Froher Yasin
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yuta Saady
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hema Kothari
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tian X Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew P Sage
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jason M Tarkin
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- PARCC Inserm U970, Universite de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Meritxell Nus
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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16
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Deng B, Huang H, Deng L, Zhao Z, Liu M, Lin H, Wang X, Tian R, Tu X, Peng A, Liang E, Bao K, Zhou Y, Xu P, He M. Imbalance of T follicular helper cell subsets trigger the differentiation of pathogenic B cells in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Inflamm Res 2024:10.1007/s00011-023-01838-5. [PMID: 38467875 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to elucidate the role of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and their subsets in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). METHODS The frequencies of Tfh cell subsets and B cell subsets in peripheral blood (PB) were detected in both IMN patients and healthy controls (HCs). The involvement of Tfh cells in the disease pathogenesis was examined by coculturing human Tfh cells with B cells. The dynamic changes of Tfh cells in PB or spleen were monitored in passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) rats. RESULTS The frequencies of circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells, cTfh2 cells, and plasmablasts were enriched in the PB of patients with IMN. cTfh cells expressed higher ICOS, and lower BTLA than healthy counterparts. The frequency of ICOS + cTfh2 was associated with the severity of IMN, including 24h urine protein, IgG4 concentration and the IgG4: IgG ratio. Positive correlations were also observed between the frequency of cTfh2 cells with plasmablasts, serum IL-21 and IL-4 levels. Importantly, cTfh cells isolated from IMN patients were able to induce the differentiation of B cells to memory B cells (MBC) and plasmablasts, this process could be substantially attenuated by blocking the IL-21. Similar increases of ICOS + cTfh cells were also detected in spleen of PHN rats, concomitant with elevated urine protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results demonstrate that the imbalance of cTfh cell subsets play a crucial pathogenic role in IMN by inducing the differentiation of B cells through IL-21, and cTfh2 cells might serve as useful markers to evaluate the progression of IMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishun Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijie Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziling Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibiao Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruimin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxin Tu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anping Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enyu Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory of Urumqi Blood Center, Urumqi, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Min He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Harris EM, Chamseddine S, Chu A, Senkpeil L, Nikiciuk M, Al-Musa A, Woods B, Ozdogan E, Saker S, van Konijnenburg DPH, Yee CS, Nelson R, Lee P, Halyabar O, Hale RC, Day-Lewis M, Henderson LA, Nguyen AA, Elkins M, Ohsumi TK, Gutierrez-Arcelus M, Peyper JM, Platt CD, Grace RF, LaBere B, Chou J. Integrating circulating T follicular memory cells and autoantibody repertoires for characterization of autoimmune disorders. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.25.24303331. [PMID: 38464255 PMCID: PMC10925364 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.25.24303331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Autoimmune diseases are heterogeneous and often lack specific or sensitive diagnostic tests. Increased percentages of CD4+CXCR5+PD1+ circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells and skewed distributions of cTfh subtypes have been associated with autoimmunity. However, cTfh cell percentages can normalize with immunomodulatory treatment despite persistent disease activity, indicating the need for identifying additional cellular and/or serologic features correlating with autoimmunity. Methods The cohort included 50 controls and 56 patients with autoimmune cytopenias, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and/or neurologic autoimmune disease. Flow cytometry was used to measure CD4+CXCR5+ T cell subsets expressing the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and/or CCR6: CXCR3+CCR6- Type 1, CXCR3-CCR6- Type 2, CXCR3+CCR6+ Type 1/17, and CXCR3- CCR6+ Type 17 T cells. IgG and IgA autoantibodies were quantified using a microarray featuring 1616 full-length, conformationally intact protein antigens. The 97.5th percentile in the control cohort defined normal limits for T cell subset percentages and total number (burden) of autoantibodies. Results This study focused on CD4+CXCR5+ T cells because CXCR5 upregulation occurs after cognate T-B cell interactions characteristic of autoimmune diseases. We refer to these cells as circulating T follicular memory (cTfm) cells to acknowledge the dynamic nature of antigen-experienced CXCR5+ T cells, which encompass progenitors of cTfh or Tfh cells as well as early effector memory T cells that have not yet lost CXCR5. Compared to controls, 57.1% of patients had increased CXCR5+CXCR3+CCR6+ cTfm1/17 and 25% had increased CXCR5+CXCR3-CCR6+ cTfm17 cell percentages. Patients had significantly more diverse IgG and IgA autoantibodies than controls and 44.6% had an increased burden of autoantibodies of either isotype. Unsupervised autoantibody clustering identified three clusters of patients with IgG autoantibody profiles distinct from those of controls, enriched for patients with active autoimmunity and monogenic diseases. An increased percentage of cTfm17 cells was most closely associated with an increased burden of high-titer IgG and IgA autoantibodies. A composite measure integrating increased cTfm1/17, cTfm17, and high-titer IgG and/or IgA autoantibodies had 91.1% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity for identifying patients with autoimmunity. Percentages of cTfm1/17 and cTfm17 percentages and numbers of high-titer autoantibodies in patients receiving immunomodulatory treatment did not differ from those in untreated patients, thus suggesting that measurements of cTfm can complement measurements of other cellular markers affected by treatment. Conclusions This study highlights two new approaches for assessing autoimmunity: measuring CD4+CXCR5+ cTfm subsets as well as total burden of autoantibodies. Our findings suggest that these approaches are particularly relevant to patients with rare autoimmune disorders for whom target antigens and prognosis are often unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Harris
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Chamseddine
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Chu
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Leetah Senkpeil
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Nikiciuk
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Amer Al-Musa
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Woods
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sarife Saker
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Christina S.K. Yee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Nelson
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pui Lee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olha Halyabar
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Hale
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan Day-Lewis
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren A. Henderson
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan A. Nguyen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan Elkins
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Craig D. Platt
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachael F. Grace
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenna LaBere
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Current affiliation: Division of Allergy and Immunology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016
| | - Janet Chou
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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White CL, Glover MA, Gandhapudi SK, Richards KA, Sant AJ. Flublok Quadrivalent Vaccine Adjuvanted with R-DOTAP Elicits a Robust and Multifunctional CD4 T Cell Response That Is of Greater Magnitude and Functional Diversity Than Conventional Adjuvant Systems. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:281. [PMID: 38543915 PMCID: PMC10975948 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12030281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
It is clear that new approaches are needed to promote broadly protective immunity to viral pathogens, particularly those that are prone to mutation and escape from antibody-mediated immunity. CD4+ T cells, known to target many viral proteins and highly conserved peptide epitopes, can contribute greatly to protective immunity through multiple mechanisms. Despite this potential, CD4+ T cells are often poorly recruited by current vaccine strategies. Here, we have analyzed a promising new adjuvant (R-DOTAP), as well as conventional adjuvant systems AddaVax with or without an added TLR9 agonist CpG, to promote CD4+ T cell responses to the licensed vaccine Flublok containing H1, H3, and HA-B proteins. Our studies, using a preclinical mouse model of vaccination, revealed that the addition of R-DOTAP to Flublok dramatically enhances the magnitude and functionality of CD4+ T cells specific for HA-derived CD4+ T cell epitopes, far outperforming conventional adjuvant systems based on cytokine EliSpot assays and multiparameter flow cytometry. The elicited CD4+ T cells specific for HA-derived epitopes produce IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4/5, and granzyme B and have multifunctional potential. Hence, R-DOTAP, which has been verified safe by human studies, can offer exciting opportunities as an immune stimulant for next-generation prophylactic recombinant protein-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle L. White
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (C.L.W.); (M.A.G.); (K.A.R.)
| | - Maryah A. Glover
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (C.L.W.); (M.A.G.); (K.A.R.)
| | - Siva K. Gandhapudi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40508, USA;
| | - Katherine A. Richards
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (C.L.W.); (M.A.G.); (K.A.R.)
| | - Andrea J. Sant
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (C.L.W.); (M.A.G.); (K.A.R.)
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19
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Su R, Zhang T, Wang H, Yan G, Wu R, Zhang X, Gao C, Li X, Wang C. New sights of low dose IL-2: Restoration of immune homeostasis for viral infection. Immunology 2024; 171:324-338. [PMID: 37985960 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infection poses a significant threat to human health. In addition to the damage caused by viral replication, the immune response it triggers often leads to more serious adverse consequences. After the occurrence of viral infection, in addition to the adverse consequences of infection, chronic infections can also lead to virus-related autoimmune diseases and tumours. At the same time, the immune response triggered by viral infection is complex, and dysregulated immune response may lead to the occurrence of immune pathology and macrophage activation syndrome. In addition, it may cause secondary immune suppression, especially in patients with compromised immune system, which could lead to the occurrence of secondary infections by other pathogens. This can often result in more severe clinical outcomes. Therefore, regarding the treatment of viral infections, restoring the balance of the immune system is crucial in addition to specific antiviral medications. In recent years, scientists have made an interesting finding that low dose IL-2 (ld-IL-2) could potentially have a crucial function in regulating the immune system and reducing the chances of infection, especially viral infection. Ld-IL-2 exerts immune regulatory effects in different types of viral infections by modulating CD4+ T subsets, CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, and so on. Our review summarised the role of IL-2 or IL-2 complexes in viral infections. Ld-IL-2 may be an effective strategy for enhancing host antiviral immunity and preventing infection from becoming chronic; additionally, the appropriate use of it can help prevent excessive inflammatory response after infection. In the long term, it may reduce the occurrence of infection-related autoimmune diseases and tumours by promoting the restoration of early immune homeostasis. Furthermore, we have also summarised the application of ld-IL-2 in the context of autoimmune diseases combined with viral infections; it may be a safe and effective strategy for restoring immune homeostasis without compromising the antiviral immune response. In conclusion, focusing on the role of ld-IL-2 in viral infections may provide a new perspective for regulating immune responses following viral infections and improving prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Immunomicroecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Immunomicroecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Immunomicroecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Gaofei Yan
- Second department, Hamony Long Stomatological Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruihe Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Immunomicroecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Immunomicroecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Children's Hospital Boston, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Immunomicroecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Immunomicroecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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20
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Yanagi M, Ikegami I, Kamekura R, Sato T, Sato T, Kamiya S, Murayama K, Jitsukawa S, Ito F, Yorozu A, Kihara M, Abe T, Takaki H, Kawata K, Shigehara K, Miyajima S, Nishikiori H, Sato A, Tohse N, Takano KI, Chiba H, Ichimiya S. Bob1 maintains T follicular helper cells for long-term humoral immunity. Commun Biol 2024; 7:185. [PMID: 38360857 PMCID: PMC10869348 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity is vital for host protection, yet aberrant antibody responses can trigger harmful inflammation and immune-related disorders. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, central to humoral immunity, have garnered significant attention for unraveling immune mechanisms. This study shows the role of B-cell Oct-binding protein 1 (Bob1), a transcriptional coactivator, in Tfh cell regulation. Our investigation, utilizing conditional Bob1-deficient mice, suggests that Bob1 plays a critical role in modulating inducible T-cell costimulator expression and cellular respiration in Tfh cells. This regulation maintains the long-term functionality of Tfh cells, enabling their reactivation from central memory T cells to produce antibodies during recall responses. In a bronchial asthma model induced by house dust mite (HDM) inhalation, Bob1 is observed to enhance HDM-specific antibodies, including IgE, highlighting its pivotal function in Tfh cell regulation. Further exploration of Bob1-dependent mechanisms in Tfh cells holds promise for governing protective immunity and addressing immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yanagi
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Ippei Ikegami
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kamekura
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Taiki Sato
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Shiori Kamiya
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Kosuke Murayama
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Sumito Jitsukawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Fumie Ito
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Akira Yorozu
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Miho Kihara
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiromi Takaki
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Koji Kawata
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Katsunori Shigehara
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Satsuki Miyajima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nishikiori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Akinori Sato
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Healthcare and Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Eniwa, 061-1449, Japan
| | - Noritsugu Tohse
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Takano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Chiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Shingo Ichimiya
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
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21
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Wang S, Yang N, Zhang H. Metabolic dysregulation of lymphocytes in autoimmune diseases. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00019-5. [PMID: 38355391 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Lymphocytes are crucial for protective immunity against infection and cancers; however, immune dysregulation can lead to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Metabolic adaptation controls lymphocyte fate; thus, metabolic reprogramming can contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here, we summarize recent advances on how metabolic reprogramming determines the autoreactive and proinflammatory nature of lymphocytes in SLE and RA, unraveling molecular mechanisms and providing therapeutic targets for human autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Niansheng Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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22
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Désy O, Béland S, Thivierge MP, Marcoux M, Desgagnés JS, Bouchard-Boivin F, Gama A, Riopel J, Latulippe E, De Serres SA. T follicular helper cells expansion in transplant recipients correlates with graft infiltration and adverse outcomes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1275933. [PMID: 38384450 PMCID: PMC10879567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1275933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The process of immunization following vaccination in humans bears similarities to that of immunization with allografts. Whereas vaccination aims to elicit a rapid response, in the transplant recipient, immunosuppressants slow the immunization to alloantigens. The induction of CD4+CXCR5+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells has been shown to correlate with the success of vaccine immunization. Method We studied a cohort of 65 transplant recipients who underwent histological evaluation concurrent with PBMC isolation and follow-up sampling to investigate the phenotypic profiles in the blood and allotissue and analyze their association with clinical events. Results The proportion of circulating Tfh cells was heterogeneous over time. Patients in whom this compartment increased had lower CCR7-PD1+CD4+CXCR5+ T cells during follow-up. These patients exhibited more alloreactive CD4+ T cells using HLA-DR-specific tetramers and a greater proportion of detectable circulating plasmablasts than the controls. Examination of baseline biopsies revealed that expansion of the circulating Tfh compartment did not follow prior intragraft leukocyte infiltration. However, multicolor immunofluorescence microscopy of the grafts showed a greater proportion of CXCR5+ T cells than in the controls. CD4+CXCR5+ cells were predominantly PD1+ and were in close contact with B cells in situ. Despite clinical stability at baseline, circulating Tfh expansion was associated with a higher risk of a composite of anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies, rejection, lower graft function, or graft loss. Conclusion In otherwise stable patients post-transplant, circulating Tfh expansion can identify ongoing alloreactivity, detectable before allograft injury. Tfh expansion is relevant clinically because it predicts poor graft prognosis. These findings have implications for immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Désy
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Béland
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Thivierge
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Meagan Marcoux
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Desgagnés
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - François Bouchard-Boivin
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alcino Gama
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Riopel
- Pathology Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Eva Latulippe
- Pathology Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sacha A. De Serres
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
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23
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Meng Q, Zhao Y, Xu M, Wang P, Li J, Cui R, Fu W, Ding S. Increased circulating regulatory T cells and decreased follicular T helper cells are associated with colorectal carcinogenesis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1287632. [PMID: 38343544 PMCID: PMC10853383 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1287632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Colorectal carcinogenesis occurs via the conventional adenoma-to-carcinoma and serrated pathways. Conventional T helper (Th) and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play vital roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. However, the contribution of these two major lymphoid cell populations and their associated cytokines to CRC development is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to analyze peripheral lymphocyte profiles during colorectal carcinogenesis. Methods We collected 86 blood samples concurrently, and pathologists confirmed the presence of various pathological conditions (i.e., HPs, adenoma, and carcinoma) using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Ten healthy donors were recruited as healthy controls (HCs) from the physical examination center. We performed flow cytometry on peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from patients with various pathological conditions and the HCs, and cytokines (interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, interleukin-13, interleukin-17A, interleukin-17F, interleukin-22, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were quantified. We also analyzed the published single-cell RNA sequence data derived from tissue samples from different stages of colorectal carcinogenesis. Results The cytokine response in peripheral CD4+ T cells was upregulated during the carcinoma process. The frequency of peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs) increased in the adenoma and carcinoma stages. While the T follicular helper (Tfh) cell proportion was downregulated in the adenoma and carcinoma processes. Thus, Th cell subsets, especially Tregs and Tfh cells, were involved in colonic diseases. Moreover, the immunological profile characteristics in the HPs were clarified. Conclusion We comprehensively analyzed circulating ILCs and adaptive T-cell lymphocyte subtypes in colorectal carcinoma progression. Our results show the immunological profile characteristics and support the involvement of Th subsets, especially Treg and Tfh cell populations, in colonic diseases. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying CRC and its precancerous lesions. Further investigation of the Treg and Tfh cells' function in colorectal disease development will provide potential therapeutic targets for monitoring and preventing CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Pingzhang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rongli Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shigang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Beijing, China
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24
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Chen WK, Zhang HJ, Liu J, Dai Z, Zhan XL. COL3A1 is a potential diagnostic biomarker for synovial chondromatosis and affects the cell cycle and migration of chondrocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111416. [PMID: 38145599 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synovial chondromatosis (SC) primarily affects the major joints and is characterized by the formation of benign cartilaginous nodules. In the present study, we evaluated the differences in the histology and gene expression of SC and normal cartilages and further elucidated the function of hub genes in SC. METHODS Histological staining and biochemical analysis were performed to measure collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents in SC and normal cartilage samples. Then, microarray analysis was performed using knee joint samples (three normal and three SC samples) to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the hub genes and explore the mechanisms underlying SC. The intersection of the top 10 upregulated DEGs, top 10 downregulated DEGs, and hub genes was validated in SC tissues. Lastly, in vitro experiments and our clinical cohort were used to determine the potential biological functions and diagnostic value, respectively, of the most significant gene. RESULTS The GAG and collagen contents were comparable to or higher in SC tissues than in normal tissues. Microarray analysis revealed 143 upregulated and 107 downregulated DEGs in SC. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis revealed an association between immunity and metabolism-related pathways and SC development. Among 20 hub genes, two intersection genes, namely, collagen type III alpha 1 chain (COL3A1) and HSPA8, were notably expressed in SC tissues, with COL3A1 exhibiting a more significant difference in mRNA expression. Furthermore, COL3A1 can promote chondrocyte migration and cell cycle progression. Additionally, clinical data revealed COL3A1 can be a diagnostic marker for primary SC (AUC = 0.82) and be a positive correlation with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that SC tissues contained the abundant GAG and collagen. COL3A1 can affect the function of chondrocytes and be a diagnostic marker of primary SC patients. These findings provide a novel approach and a fundamental contribution for diagnosis and treatment in SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kang Chen
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 53000, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Speciality of Sports Medcine in Department of Orthopaedics, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Han-Jing Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 69 ChuanShan Road, Shigu District, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jianghua Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Speciality of Sports Medcine in Department of Orthopaedics, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhu Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Speciality of Sports Medcine in Department of Orthopaedics, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Xin-Li Zhan
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 53000, China.
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25
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Chen G, Hu X, Huang Y, Xiang X, Pan S, Chen R, Xu X. Role of the immune system in liver transplantation and its implications for therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e444. [PMID: 38098611 PMCID: PMC10719430 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) stands as the gold standard for treating end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, yet postoperative complications continue to impact survival rates. The liver's unique immune system, governed by a microenvironment of diverse immune cells, is disrupted during processes like ischemia-reperfusion injury posttransplantation, leading to immune imbalance, inflammation, and subsequent complications. In the posttransplantation period, immune cells within the liver collaboratively foster a tolerant environment, crucial for immune tolerance and liver regeneration. While clinical trials exploring cell therapy for LT complications exist, a comprehensive summary is lacking. This review provides an insight into the intricacies of the liver's immune microenvironment, with a specific focus on macrophages and T cells as primary immune players. Delving into the immunological dynamics at different stages of LT, we explore the disruptions after LT and subsequent immune responses. Focusing on immune cell targeting for treating liver transplant complications, we provide a comprehensive summary of ongoing clinical trials in this domain, especially cell therapies. Furthermore, we offer innovative treatment strategies that leverage the opportunities and prospects identified in the therapeutic landscape. This review seeks to advance our understanding of LT immunology and steer the development of precise therapies for postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanrong Chen
- The Fourth School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xin Hu
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Yingchen Huang
- The Fourth School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaonan Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Sheng Pan
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Ronggao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
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26
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Akgul A, Freguia CF, Maddaloni M, Hoffman C, Voigt A, Nguyen CQ, Fanger NA, Fanger GR, Pascual DW. Treatment with a Lactococcus lactis that chromosomally express E. coli cfaI mitigates salivary flow loss in a Sjögren's syndrome-like disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19489. [PMID: 37945636 PMCID: PMC10636062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's Syndrome (SjS) results in loss of salivary and lacrimal gland excretion due to an autoimmune attack on these secretory glands. Conventional SjS treatments address the symptoms, but not the cause of disease. Recognizing this deficit of treatments to reverse SjS disease, studies were pursued using the fimbriae from enterotoxigenic E. coli, colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I), which has anti-inflammatory properties. To determine if CFA/I fimbriae could attenuate SjS-like disease in C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 (SjS) females, the Lactococcus lactis (LL) 301 strain was developed to chromosomally express the cfaI operon. Western blot analysis confirmed CFA/I protein expression, and this was tested in SjS females at different stages of disease. Repeated dosing with LL 301 proved effective in mitigating salivary flow loss and in reducing anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and inflammation in the submandibular glands (SMGs) in SjS females and in restoring salivary flow in diseased mice. LL 301 treatment reduced proinflammatory cytokine production with concomitant increases in TGF-β+ CD25+ CD4+ T cells. Moreover, LL 301 treatment reduced draining lymph and SMG follicular T helper (Tfh) cell levels and proinflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-21. Such evidence points to the therapeutic capacity of CFA/I protein to suppress SjS disease and to have restorative properties in combating autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akgul
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Massimo Maddaloni
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carol Hoffman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexandria Voigt
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cuong Q Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - David W Pascual
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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27
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Kiriyama Y, Nochi H. The Role of Gut Microbiota-Derived Lithocholic Acid, Deoxycholic Acid and Their Derivatives on the Function and Differentiation of Immune Cells. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2730. [PMID: 38004742 PMCID: PMC10672800 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide variety and large number of bacterial species live in the gut, forming the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota not only coexist harmoniously with their hosts, but they also induce significant effects on each other. The composition of the gut microbiota can be changed due to environmental factors such as diet and antibiotic intake. In contrast, alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota have been reported in a variety of diseases, including intestinal, allergic, and autoimmune diseases and cancer. The gut microbiota metabolize exogenous dietary components ingested from outside the body to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and amino acid metabolites. Unlike SCFAs and amino acid metabolites, the source of bile acids (BAs) produced by the gut microbiota is endogenous BAs from the liver. The gut microbiota metabolize BAs to generate secondary bile acids, such as lithocholic acid (LCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), and their derivatives, which have recently been shown to play important roles in immune cells. This review focuses on current knowledge of the role of LCA, DCA, and their derivatives on immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Kiriyama
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan;
- Institute of Neuroscience, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nochi
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan;
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28
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Akiyama M, Alshehri W, Yoshimoto K, Kaneko Y. T follicular helper cells and T peripheral helper cells in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:1371-1381. [PMID: 37414520 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent technological progress has greatly advanced our understanding of human immunology. In particular, the discovery of human T follicular helper (Tfh) and T peripheral helper (Tph) cells has significantly advanced our understanding of human adaptive immune system. Tfh and Tph cells share similar molecular characteristics and both play critical roles in B cell differentiation and maturation. However, they differ in their functional properties, such as chemokine receptor expression and cytokine production. As a result, Tfh cells are mainly involved in B cell differentiation and maturation in germinal centres of secondary lymphoid tissues, while Tph cells are involved in B cell differentiation and tissue damage in peripheral inflammatory lesions. Importantly, the involvement of Tfh and Tph cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases has become clear. In rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, Tph cell infiltration is predominant in peripheral inflammatory lesions, whereas Tfh cell infiltration is predominant in the affected lesions of IgG4-related disease. Therefore, the contribution of Tfh and Tph cells to the development of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases varies depending on each disease. In this review, we provide an overview of human Tfh and Tph cells and summarise the latest findings on these novel T cell subsets in various rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Akiyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Waleed Alshehri
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Keiko Yoshimoto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Yuko Kaneko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
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29
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LaBere B, Nguyen AA, Habiballah SB, Elkins M, Imperial J, Li B, Devana S, Timilsina S, Stubbs SB, Joerger J, Chou J, Platt CD. Clinical utility of measuring CD4 + T follicular cells in patients with immune dysregulation. J Autoimmun 2023; 140:103088. [PMID: 37549449 PMCID: PMC10839119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies of autoimmune disorders have identified circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells as drivers of autoimmunity. However, the quantification of cTfh cells is not yet used in clinical practice due to the lack of age-stratified normal ranges and the unknown sensitivity and specificity of this test for autoimmunity. We enrolled 238 healthy participants and 130 patients with common and rare disorders of autoimmunity or autoinflammation. Patients with infections, active malignancy, or any history of transplantation were excluded. In 238 healthy controls, median cTfh percentages (range 4.8%-6.2%) were comparable among age groups, sexes, races, and ethnicities, apart from a significantly lower percentages in children less than 1 year of age (median 2.1%, CI: 0.4%-6.8, p < 0.0001). Among 130 patients with over 40 immune regulatory disorders, a cTfh percentage exceeding 12% had 88% sensitivity and 94% specificity for differentiating disorders with adaptive immune cell dysregulation from those with predominantly innate cell defects. This threshold had a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 100% for active autoimmunity and normalized with effective treatment. cTfh percentages exceeding 12% distinguish autoimmunity from autoinflammation, thereby differentiating two endotypes of immune dysregulation with overlapping symptoms and different therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna LaBere
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan A Nguyen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saddiq B Habiballah
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Megan Elkins
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juliet Imperial
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Betty Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Suraj Timilsina
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Spencer B Stubbs
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill Joerger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janet Chou
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig D Platt
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Zhang H, Cavazzoni CB, Podestà MA, Bechu ED, Ralli G, Chandrakar P, Lee JM, Sayin I, Tullius SG, Abdi R, Chong AS, Blazar BR, Sage PT. IL-21-producing effector Tfh cells promote B cell alloimmunity in lymph nodes and kidney allografts. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e169793. [PMID: 37870962 PMCID: PMC10619486 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells have been implicated in controlling rejection after allogeneic kidney transplantation, but the precise subsets, origins, and functions of Tfh cells in this process have not been fully characterized. Here we show that a subset of effector Tfh cells marked by previous IL-21 production is potently induced during allogeneic kidney transplantation and is inhibited by immunosuppressive agents. Single-cell RNA-Seq revealed that these lymph node (LN) effector Tfh cells have transcriptional and clonal overlap with IL-21-producing kidney-infiltrating Tfh cells, implicating common origins and developmental trajectories. To investigate the precise functions of IL-21-producing effector Tfh cells in LNs and allografts, we used a mouse model to selectively eliminate these cells and assessed allogeneic B cell clonal dynamics using a single B cell culture system. We found that IL-21-producing effector Tfh cells were essential for transplant rejection by regulating donor-specific germinal center B cell clonal dynamics both systemically in the draining LN and locally within kidney grafts. Thus, IL-21-producing effector Tfh cells have multifaceted roles in Ab-mediated rejection after kidney transplantation by promoting B cell alloimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengcheng Zhang
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cecilia B. Cavazzoni
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manuel A. Podestà
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elsa D. Bechu
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Garyfallia Ralli
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pragya Chandrakar
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeong-Mi Lee
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ismail Sayin
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery & Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anita S. Chong
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapies, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter T. Sage
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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31
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Agarwal S, Aznar MA, Rech AJ, Good CR, Kuramitsu S, Da T, Gohil M, Chen L, Hong SJA, Ravikumar P, Rennels AK, Salas-Mckee J, Kong W, Ruella M, Davis MM, Plesa G, Fraietta JA, Porter DL, Young RM, June CH. Deletion of the inhibitory co-receptor CTLA-4 enhances and invigorates chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Immunity 2023; 56:2388-2407.e9. [PMID: 37776850 PMCID: PMC10591801 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy targeting CD19 has achieved tremendous success treating B cell malignancies; however, some patients fail to respond due to poor autologous T cell fitness. To improve response rates, we investigated whether disruption of the co-inhibitory receptors CTLA4 or PD-1 could restore CART function. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of CTLA4 in preclinical models of leukemia and myeloma improved CAR T cell proliferation and anti-tumor efficacy. Importantly, this effect was specific to CTLA4 and not seen upon deletion of CTLA4 and/or PDCD1 in CAR T cells. Mechanistically, CTLA4 deficiency permitted unopposed CD28 signaling and maintenance of CAR expression on the T cell surface under conditions of high antigen load. In clinical studies, deletion of CTLA4 rescued the function of T cells from patients with leukemia that previously failed CAR T cell treatment. Thus, selective deletion of CTLA4 reinvigorates dysfunctional chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patient T cells, providing a strategy for increasing patient responses to CAR T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangya Agarwal
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Angela Aznar
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew J Rech
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charly R Good
- Department Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shunichiro Kuramitsu
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tong Da
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mercy Gohil
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Linhui Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seok-Jae Albert Hong
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pranali Ravikumar
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Austin K Rennels
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - January Salas-Mckee
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Weimin Kong
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marco Ruella
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute of Cancer immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Megan M Davis
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gabriela Plesa
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute of Cancer immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David L Porter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Regina M Young
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute of Cancer immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute of Cancer immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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32
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Ji Z, Lu W, Wu S, Zhang Y, Meng D, Zhang X, Dai X, Chen H, Ma L, Sun Y, Jiang L, Kong X. Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals Peripheral T Helper Cells Promoting the Development of IgG4-Related Disease by Enhancing B Cell Activation and Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13735. [PMID: 37762039 PMCID: PMC10530310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal B cell differentiation plays a critical role in IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. We investigated the cell landscape from three IgG4-RD retroperitoneal tissues and three control tissues using single-cell RNA-sequencing. Critical cell type or markers were further validated in the peripheral blood from the patients with IgG4-RD and healthy controls via flow cytometry as well as in the IgG4-RD and control tissue via immunofluorescence staining. The increases in B cells, plasma cells, and CD4+ T cells were found in IgG4-RD retroperitoneal tissue. Importantly, among CD4+ T cells, an increase in CD4+CXCR5-PD1hi peripheral T helper (Tph) cells with a high expression of IL-21 and TIGIT was discovered in IgG4-RD tissue, which was further validated in peripheral blood of the patients with IgG4-RD. The Tph cell and TIGIT+ Tph cell proportion were remarkably higher in active IgG4-RD patients and correlated with disease activity. Moreover, TIGIT+CD4+ cells were able to promote B cell differentiation via IL-21. Our study revealed that Tph cells are increased in IgG4-RD and probably play critical roles in B cell differentiation through TIGIT-IL-21 axis. Peripheral Tph cell and TIGIT+Tph cell are potential markers for IgG4-RD disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongfei Ji
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.J.)
| | - Weiqi Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sifan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.J.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dan Meng
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.J.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.J.)
| | - Xiaojuan Dai
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.J.)
| | - Huiyong Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.J.)
| | - Lili Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.J.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.J.)
| | - Lindi Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.J.)
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiufang Kong
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.J.)
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Cui C, Craft J, Joshi NS. T follicular helper cells in cancer, tertiary lymphoid structures, and beyond. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101797. [PMID: 37343412 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence and success of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, immuno-oncology has primarily focused on CD8 T cells, whose cytotoxic programs directly target tumor cells. However, the limited response rate of current immunotherapy regimens has prompted investigation into other types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, such as CD4 T cells and B cells, and how they interact with CD8 T cells in a coordinated network. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential therapeutic benefits of CD4 T follicular helper (TFH) cells and B cells in cancer, highlighting the important role of their crosstalk and interactions with other immune cell components in the tumor microenvironment. These interactions also occur in tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), which resemble secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) with orchestrated vascular, chemokine, and cellular infrastructures that support the developmental pathways of functional immune cells. In this review, we discuss recent breakthroughs on TFH biology and T cell-B cell interactions in tumor immunology, and their potential as novel therapeutic targets to advance cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cui
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Joseph Craft
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Nikhil S Joshi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Xuan X, Ye C, Zhao J, Shen F, Chen Y, Liu J. Dysregulated Tfr/Tfh2 cells in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 159:104137. [PMID: 37625338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent research revealed the pathogenic role of B cells in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), while the Tfh cell plays a critical role in the B cell mediated autoantibody production and humoral immunity, but had not been investigated in PCOS patients. The frequency of Tfh and B cell subsets (Tfh1, Tfh2, Tfh17, naïve B, memory B, and plasma cells) in the peripheral blood of 21 PCOS patients and 15 healthy controls were investigated by flow cytometry. And the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, prolactin and estradiol progesterone were measured by using the immunoluminescence method. Also, the associations between these hormone levels and Tfh cell subsets or B cell subsets were analyzed. No significant difference was observed in total Tfh cells between 21 PCOS patients and 15 healthy controls (p > 0.05). But the percentages of Tfh2 and plasma cells were significantly higher in 21 PCOS patients compared to 15 healthy controls (p < 0.05). In contrast, the frequency of Tfr cells and Tfr/Tfh2 ratio were significantly lower than healthy controls (p < 0.01). Importantly, among these cells, only the percentage of Tfh2 cells was positively correlated with the levels of testosterone (r = 0.513, p = 0.018). And the percentage of Tfr cells and Tfr/Tfh2 ratio were also positively correlated with the levels of testosterone (r = 0.567, p = 0.007; r = 0.434, p = 0.05) and prolactin (r = 0.511, p = 0.018; r = 0.490, p = 0.024). These new findings provide unique insights into dysregulated Tfh/Tfr cells in mediating the immunopathogenesis of PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Xuan
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunmei Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jiwei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuping Shen
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanxia Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jinlin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Cao G, Li J, Mao Z, Zhang Y. Oxymatrine Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice by Regulating the Immune Balance of T Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:5879. [PMID: 37570855 PMCID: PMC10420974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by systemic immunity and autoimmune disorders. We have previously found that oxymatrine (OMT), a natural alkaloid, can alleviate rheumatoid arthritis without knowing whether OMT can alleviate rheumatoid arthritis through gut microbiota. In this study, we found that OMT can alleviate collagen-induced arthritis in mice and reconstruct the immune balance of Th1/Th2, Treg/Th17, and Tfr/Tfh cells. Colon transcriptome gene enrichment analysis indicated that oxymatrine may alleviate collagen induced arthritis in mice through immune system process pathway. Furthermore, OMT significantly altered the gut microbiota variety, changed the composition of microbial colonies, and reshaped the gut microbiota of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice, which may participate in the regulation of the balance of Th1/Th2, Treg/Th17, and Tfr/Tfh cells to alleviate collagen-induced arthritis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (G.C.); (J.L.); (Z.M.)
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Bechara R, Vagner S, Mariette X. Post-transcriptional checkpoints in autoimmunity. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:486-502. [PMID: 37311941 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation is a fundamental process in gene expression that has a role in diverse cellular processes, including immune responses. A core concept underlying post-transcriptional regulation is that protein abundance is not solely determined by transcript abundance. Indeed, transcription and translation are not directly coupled, and intervening steps occur between these processes, including the regulation of mRNA stability, localization and alternative splicing, which can impact protein abundance. These steps are controlled by various post-transcription factors such as RNA-binding proteins and non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, and aberrant post-transcriptional regulation has been implicated in various pathological conditions. Indeed, studies on the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases have identified various post-transcription factors as important regulators of immune cell-mediated and target effector cell-mediated pathological conditions. This Review summarizes current knowledge regarding the roles of post-transcriptional checkpoints in autoimmunity, as evidenced by studies in both haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells, and discusses the relevance of these findings for developing new anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Bechara
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
| | - Stephan Vagner
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, PSL Research University, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Department of Rheumatology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Shao J, Xia L, Ye Z, Yang Q, Zhang C, Shi Y, Zhang L, Gu L, Xu C, Chen Y, Chen Y, Pan X, Wu F, Pan R, Liang J, Zhang L. A repeat-dose toxicity study of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in NOG mice by intravenous injection. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:857-866. [PMID: 37921457 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2279243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell-based therapies have demonstrated great potential in several clinical trials. However, safety data on stem cell application remain inadequate. This study evaluated the toxicity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) in NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2 Rγnull (NOG) mice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Mice were administered hUC-MSCs intravenously at doses of 3.5 × 106 cells/kg and 3.5 × 107 cells/kg. Toxicity was assessed by clinical observation, behavioral evaluation, pathology, organ weight, and histopathology. We determined the distribution of hUC-MSCs using a validated qPCR method and colonization using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS No significant abnormal effects on clinical responses, body weight, or food intake were observed in the mice, except for two in the high-dose group that died during the last administration. Mouse activity in the high-dose group decreased 6 h after the first administration. Terminal examination revealed dose-dependent changes in hematology. The mice in the high-dose group displayed pulmonary artery wall plaques and mild alveolar wall microthrombi. hUC-MSCs colonized primarily the lung tissues and were largely distributed there 24 h after the final administration. CONCLUSIONS The no observed adverse effect level for intravenous administration of hUC-MSCs in NOG mice over a period of 3 w was 3.5 × 106 cells/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Shao
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Xia
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Ye
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengda Zhang
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqiang Gu
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiang Chen
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Cell-Based Drug and Applied Technology Development, S-Evans Biosciences Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Cell-Based Drug and Applied Technology Development, S-Evans Biosciences Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruolang Pan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Cell-Based Drug and Applied Technology Development, S-Evans Biosciences Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Liang
- Zhejiang Center for Drugs and Cosmetics Evaluation, Zhejiang Province Food and Drug Administration, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijiang Zhang
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
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Sun L, Su Y, Jiao A, Wang X, Zhang B. T cells in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:235. [PMID: 37332039 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Upon antigen stimulation, naïve T cells differentiate into CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic effector and memory cells, mediating direct killing, diverse immune regulatory function, and long-term protection. In response to acute and chronic infections and tumors, T cells adopt distinct differentiation trajectories and develop into a range of heterogeneous populations with various phenotype, differentiation potential, and functionality under precise and elaborate regulations of transcriptional and epigenetic programs. Abnormal T-cell immunity can initiate and promote the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of T cell development, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell classification, and differentiation in physiological settings. We further elaborate the heterogeneity, differentiation, functionality, and regulation network of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in infectious disease, chronic infection and tumor, and autoimmune disease, highlighting the exhausted CD8+ T cell differentiation trajectory, CD4+ T cell helper function, T cell contributions to immunotherapy and autoimmune pathogenesis. We also discuss the development and function of γδ T cells in tissue surveillance, infection, and tumor immunity. Finally, we summarized current T-cell-based immunotherapies in both cancer and autoimmune diseases, with an emphasis on their clinical applications. A better understanding of T cell immunity provides insight into developing novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China.
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Liu W, Peng J, Wu Y, Ye Z, Zong Z, Wu R, Li H. Immune and inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets of gout: An update. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110466. [PMID: 37311355 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gout is an autoimmune disease characterized by acute or chronic inflammation and damage to bone joints induced due to the precipitation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. In recent years, with the continuous development of animal models and ongoing clinical investigations, more immune cells and inflammatory factors have been found to play roles in gouty inflammation. The inflammatory network involved in gout has been discovered, providing a new perspective from which to develop targeted therapy for gouty inflammation. Studies have shown that neutrophil macrophages and T lymphocytes play important roles in the pathogenesis and resolution of gout, and some inflammatory cytokines, such as those in the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family, have been shown to play anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory roles in gouty inflammation, but the mechanisms underlying their roles are unclear. In this review, we explore the roles of inflammatory cytokines, inflammasomes and immune cells in the course of gout development and the research status of therapeutic drugs used for inflammation to provide insights into future targeted therapy for gouty inflammation and the direction of gout pathogenesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China; The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China; The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China
| | - Yixin Wu
- Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China
| | - Zuxiang Ye
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China; The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China.
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LaBere B, Nguyen AA, Habiballah SB, Elkins M, Imperial J, Li B, Devana S, Timilsina S, Stubbs SB, Joerger J, Chou J, Platt CD. Clinical utility of measuring CD4 + T follicular cells in patients with immune dysregulation. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.06.23291032. [PMID: 37333344 PMCID: PMC10274986 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.06.23291032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies of autoimmune disorders have identified circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells as drivers of autoimmunity. However, the quantification of cTfh cells is not yet used in clinical practice due to the lack of age-stratified normal ranges and the unknown sensitivity and specificity of this test for autoimmunity. We enrolled 238 healthy participants and 130 patients with common and rare disorders of autoimmunity or autoinflammation. Patients with infections, active malignancy, or any history of transplantation were excluded. In 238 healthy controls, median cTfh percentages (range 4.8% - 6.2%) were comparable among age groups, sexes, races, and ethnicities, apart from a significantly lower percentages in children less than 1 year of age (median 2.1%, CI: 0.4% - 6.8, p< 0.0001). Among 130 patients with over 40 immune regulatory disorders, a cTfh percentage exceeding 12% had 88% sensitivity and 94% specificity for differentiating disorders with adaptive immune cell dysregulation from those with predominantly innate cell defects. This threshold had a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 100% for active autoimmunity and normalized with effective treatment. cTfh percentages exceeding 12% distinguish autoimmunity from autoinflammation, thereby differentiating two endotypes of immune dysregulation with overlapping symptoms and different therapies.
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Gong M, Choi SC, Park YP, Zou X, Elshikha AS, Gerriets VA, Rathmell JC, Mohamazadeh M, Morel L. Transcriptional and metabolic programs promote the expansion of follicular helper T cells in lupus-prone mice. iScience 2023; 26:106774. [PMID: 37216123 PMCID: PMC10197114 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, which is tightly associated with the development of lupus, is reversed by the inhibition of either glycolysis or glutaminolysis in mice. Here we analyzed the gene expression and metabolome of Tfh cells and naive CD4+ T (Tn) cells in the B6.Sle1.Sle2.Sle3 (triple congenic, TC) mouse model of lupus and its congenic B6 control. Lupus genetic susceptibility in TC mice drives a gene expression signature starting in Tn cells and expanding in Tfh cells with enhanced signaling and effector programs. Metabolically, TC Tn and Tfh cells showed multiple defective mitochondrial functions. TC Tfh cells also showed specific anabolic programs including enhanced glutamate metabolism, malate-aspartate shuttle, and ammonia recycling, as well as altered dynamics of amino acid content and their transporters. Thus, our study has revealed specific metabolic programs that can be targeted to specifically limit the expansion of pathogenic Tfh cells in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Gong
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Seung-Chul Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yuk Pheel Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xueyang Zou
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ahmed S. Elshikha
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Valerie A. Gerriets
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mansour Mohamazadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Mancuso G, Bechi Genzano C, Fierabracci A, Fousteri G. Type 1 diabetes and inborn errors of immunity: Complete strangers or 2 sides of the same coin? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023:S0091-6749(23)00427-X. [PMID: 37097271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a polygenic disease and does not follow a mendelian pattern. Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), on the other hand, are caused by damaging germline variants, suggesting that T1D and IEIs have nothing in common. Some IEIs, resulting from mutations in genes regulating regulatory T-cell homeostasis, are associated with elevated incidence of T1D. The genetic spectrum of IEIs is gradually being unraveled; consequently, molecular pathways underlying human monogenic autoimmunity are being identified. There is an appreciable overlap between some of these pathways and the genetic variants that determine T1D susceptibility, suggesting that after all, IEI and T1D are 2 sides of the same coin. The study of monogenic IEIs with a variable incidence of T1D has the potential to provide crucial insights into the mechanisms leading to T1D. These insights contribute to the definition of T1D endotypes and explain disease heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss the interconnected pathogenic pathways of autoimmunity, β-cell function, and primary immunodeficiency. We also examine the role of environmental factors in disease penetrance as well as the circumstantial evidence of IEI drugs in preventing and curing T1D in individuals with IEIs, suggesting the repositioning of these drugs also for T1D therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Mancuso
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Camillo Bechi Genzano
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Georgia Fousteri
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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Gutiérrez-Melo N, Baumjohann D. T follicular helper cells in cancer. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:309-325. [PMID: 36642575 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells provide essential help to B cells for effective antibody-mediated immune responses. Although the crucial function of these CD4+ T cells in infection and vaccination is well established, their involvement in cancer is only beginning to emerge. Increased numbers of Tfh cells in Tfh cell-derived or B cell-associated malignancies are often associated with an unfavorable outcome, whereas in various solid organ tumor types of non-lymphocytic origin, their presence frequently coincides with a better prognosis. We discuss recent advances in understanding how Tfh cell crosstalk with B cells and CD8+ T cells in secondary and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) enhances antitumor immunity, but may also exacerbate immune-related adverse events (irAEs) such as autoimmunity during immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Gutiérrez-Melo
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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44
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Xiang X, Huang X, Zhang Z, Gu J, Huang Z, Jiang T. Dysregulation of circulating CD4 + CXCR5 + PD-1+ T cells in diabetic retinopathy. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108420. [PMID: 36774852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to determine an association between follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and Bcl-6 and CXCL13 levels and determine the role of Tfh cells, Bcl-6, and CXCL13 serum levels in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) since Tfh cells have an important role in type 1 diabetes; however, their role in type 2 diabetes-related DR requires exploration. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 24 patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), 20 with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and 18 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Flow cytometry detected CD4 + CXCR5 + PD1+ Tfh cells. Serum Bcl-6 and CXCL13 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS CD4 + CXCR5 + PD-1+ Tfh cell percentages in peripheral blood and serum levels of Bcl-6 and CXCL13 in the non-proliferative DR (NPDR) and proliferative DR (PDR) groups' were significantly higher than those in healthy individuals. The proportion of Tfh cells in DR patients' peripheral blood positively correlated with Bcl-6 and CXCL13 serum levels, DR course severity, Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS The increased circulating Tfh cells, serum Bcl-6 levels, and CXCL13 levels of DR patients with type 2 diabetes suggested that circulating Tfh cells and the germinal center response may have a role in the occurrence and development of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu, China; Department of Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi Clinical College, Nantong University, Wuxi, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Department of Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu, China
| | - Zhengru Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu, China.
| | - Tingwang Jiang
- Department of Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu, China.
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45
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Revisiting the Role of the CXCL13/CXCR5-Associated Immune Axis in Melanoma: Potential Implications for Anti-PD-1-Related Biomarker Research. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020553. [PMID: 36836910 PMCID: PMC9958642 DOI: 10.3390/life13020553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCL13 is a potent chemoattractant cytokine that promotes the migration of cells expressing its cognate receptor, CXCR5. Accordingly, T follicular helper cells and B cells migrate towards B cell follicles in lymph nodes, where the resulting spatial proximity promotes B cell/T cell interaction and antibody formation. Moreover, effector cells of the CXCL13/CXCR5-associated immune axis express PD-1, with corresponding circulating cells occurring in the blood. The formation of so-called ectopic or tertiary lymphoid structures, recently detected in different cancer types, represents an integral part of this axis, particularly in the context of its emerging role in anti-tumor defense. These aspects of the CXCL13/CXCR5-associated immune axis are highlighted in this review, which focuses on cutaneous malignant melanoma. Specifically, we elaborate on the role of this important immune axis as a possible ancillary target of immune checkpoint inhibition with anti-PD-1 antibodies in different therapeutic settings and as a potential source of predictive biomarkers regarding treatment efficacy.
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RBP-RNA interactions in the control of autoimmunity and autoinflammation. Cell Res 2023; 33:97-115. [PMID: 36599968 PMCID: PMC9892603 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity and autoinflammation arise from aberrant immunological and inflammatory responses toward self-components, contributing to various autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are essential for immune cell development and function, mainly via exerting post-transcriptional regulation of RNA metabolism and function. Functional dysregulation of RBPs and abnormities in RNA metabolism are closely associated with multiple autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorders. Distinct RBPs play critical roles in aberrant autoreactive inflammatory responses via orchestrating a complex regulatory network consisting of DNAs, RNAs and proteins within immune cells. In-depth characterizations of RBP-RNA interactomes during autoimmunity and autoinflammation will lead to a better understanding of autoimmune pathogenesis and facilitate the development of effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize and discuss the functions of RBP-RNA interactions in controlling aberrant autoimmune inflammation and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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47
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Gollomp K, Teachey DT. TORing the impact of sirolimus on immune health. Blood 2023; 141:212-214. [PMID: 36656615 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kandace Gollomp
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - David T Teachey
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
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48
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Preglej T, Brinkmann M, Steiner G, Aletaha D, Göschl L, Bonelli M. Advanced immunophenotyping: A powerful tool for immune profiling, drug screening, and a personalized treatment approach. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1096096. [PMID: 37033944 PMCID: PMC10080106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1096096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Various autoimmune diseases are characterized by distinct cell subset distributions and activation profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs can therefore serve as an ideal biomarker material, which is easily accessible and allows for screening of multiple cell types. A detailed understanding of the immune landscape is critical for the diagnosis of patients with autoimmune diseases, as well as for a personalized treatment approach. In our study, we investigate the potential of multi-parameter spectral flow cytometry for the identification of patients suffering from autoimmune diseases and its power as an evaluation tool for in vitro drug screening approaches (advanced immunophenotyping). We designed a combination of two 22-color immunophenotyping panels for profiling cell subset distribution and cell activation. Downstream bioinformatics analyses included percentages of individual cell populations and median fluorescent intensity of defined markers which were then visualized as heatmaps and in dimensionality reduction approaches. In vitro testing of epigenetic immunomodulatory drugs revealed an altered activation status upon treatment, which supports the use of spectral flow cytometry as a high-throughput drug screening tool. Advanced immunophenotyping might support the exploration of novel therapeutic drugs and contribute to future personalized treatment approaches in autoimmune diseases and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Göschl
- *Correspondence: Lisa Göschl, ; Michael Bonelli,
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49
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Ferrero PV, Onofrio LI, Acosta CDV, Zacca ER, Ponce NE, Mussano E, Onetti LB, Cadile II, Costantino AB, Werner ML, Mas LA, Alvarellos T, Montes CL, Acosta Rodríguez EV, Gruppi A. Dynamics of circulating follicular helper T cell subsets and follicular regulatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients according to HLA-DRB1 locus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000982. [PMID: 36582249 PMCID: PMC9793086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells, follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells are part of a circuit that may play a role in the development or progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). With the aim of providing further insight into this topic, here we evaluated the frequency of different subsets of Tfh and Tfr in untreated and long-term treated RA patients from a cohort of Argentina, and their potential association with particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-II variants and disease activity. We observed that the frequency of total Tfh cells as well as of particular Tfh subsets and Tfr cells were increased in seropositive untreated RA patients. Interestingly, when analyzing paired samples, the frequency of Tfh cells was reduced in synovial fluid compared to peripheral blood, while Tfr cells levels were similar in both biological fluids. After treatment, a decrease in the CCR7loPD1hi Tfh subset and an increase in the frequency of Tfr cells was observed in blood. In comparison to healthy donors, seropositive patients with moderate and high disease activity exhibited higher frequency of Tfh cells while seropositive patients with low disease activity presented higher Tfr cell frequency. Finally, we observed that HLA-DRB1*09 presence correlated with higher frequency of Tfh and Tfr cells, while HLA-DRB1*04 was associated with increased Tfr cell frequency. Together, our results increase our knowledge about the dynamics of Tfh and Tfr cell subsets in RA, showing that this is altered after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola V. Ferrero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luisina I. Onofrio
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristina del Valle Acosta
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Estefania R. Zacca
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolas E. Ponce
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Mussano
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura B. Onetti
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ignacio I. Cadile
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alicia B. Costantino
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marina L. Werner
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luciana A. Mas
- Laboratorio de Histocompatibilidad, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba e Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Teresita Alvarellos
- Laboratorio de Histocompatibilidad, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba e Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina L. Montes
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva V. Acosta Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina,*Correspondence: Adriana Gruppi, ; Eva V. Acosta Rodríguez,
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina,*Correspondence: Adriana Gruppi, ; Eva V. Acosta Rodríguez,
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50
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The Role of T Cells in Systemic Sclerosis: An Update. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic disease characterized by microvasculopathy, autoantibodies (autoAbs), and fibrosis. The pathogenesis of the disease is incompletely understood. Microvasculopathy and autoAbs appear very early in the disease process. AutoAbs, such as those directed against DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I), are disease specific and associated with disease manifestations, and indicate activation of the adaptive immune system. B cells are involved in fibrosis in SSc. T cells are also involved in disease pathogenesis. T cells show signs of antigen-induced activation; T cells of TH2 type are increased and produce profibrotic cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and IL-31; CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes are increased in skin lesions, and cause fibrosis and endothelial cell apoptosis; circulating T follicular helper (TFH) cells are increased in SSc produce IL-21 and promote plasmablast antibody production. On the other hand, regulatory T cells are impaired in SSc. These findings provide strong circumstantial evidence for T cell implication in SSc pathogenesis and encourage new T cell-directed therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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