1
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Krenz B, Lee J, Kannan T, Eilers M. Immune evasion: An imperative and consequence of MYC deregulation. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:2338-2355. [PMID: 38957016 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
MYC has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide range of human tumors and has been described for many years as a transcription factor that regulates genes with pleiotropic functions to promote tumorigenic growth. However, despite extensive efforts to identify specific target genes of MYC that alone could be responsible for promoting tumorigenesis, the field is yet to reach a consensus whether this is the crucial function of MYC. Recent work shifts the view on MYC's function from being a gene-specific transcription factor to an essential stress resilience factor. In highly proliferating cells, MYC preserves cell integrity by promoting DNA repair at core promoters, protecting stalled replication forks, and/or preventing transcription-replication conflicts. Furthermore, an increasing body of evidence demonstrates that MYC not only promotes tumorigenesis by driving cell-autonomous growth, but also enables tumors to evade the host's immune system. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of how MYC impairs antitumor immunity and why this function is evolutionarily hard-wired to the biology of the MYC protein family. We show why the cell-autonomous and immune evasive functions of MYC are mutually dependent and discuss ways to target MYC proteins in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Krenz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jongkuen Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Toshitha Kannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Eilers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Altinbay M, Wang J, Chen J, Schäfer D, Sprang M, Blagojevic B, Wölfl S, Andrade-Navarro MA, Dikic I, Knapp S, Cheng X. Chem-CRISPR/dCas9FCPF: a platform for chemically induced epigenome editing. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae798. [PMID: 39315698 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic aberration is one of the major driving factors in human cancer, often leading to acquired resistance to chemotherapies. Various small molecule epigenetic modulators have been reported. Nonetheless, outcomes from animal models and clinical trials have underscored the substantial setbacks attributed to pronounced on- and off-target toxicities. To address these challenges, CRISPR/dCas9 technology is emerging as a potent tool for precise modulation of epigenetic mechanism. However, this technology involves co-expressing exogenous epigenetic modulator proteins, which presents technical challenges in preparation and delivery with potential undesirable side effects. Recently, our research demonstrated that Cas9 tagged with the Phe-Cys-Pro-Phe (FCPF)-peptide motif can be specifically targeted by perfluorobiphenyl (PFB) derivatives. Here, we integrated the FCPF-tag into dCas9 and established a chemically inducible platform for epigenome editing, called Chem-CRISPR/dCas9FCPF. We designed a series of chemical inhibitor-PFB conjugates targeting various epigenetic modulator proteins. Focusing on JQ1, a panBET inhibitor, we demonstrate that c-MYC-sgRNA-guided JQ1-PFB specifically inhibits BRD4 in close proximity to the c-MYC promoter/enhancer, thereby effectively repressing the intricate transcription networks orchestrated by c-MYC as compared with JQ1 alone. In conclusion, our Chem-CRISPR/dCas9FCPF platform significantly increased target specificity of chemical epigenetic inhibitors, offering a viable alternative to conventional fusion protein systems for epigenome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukaddes Altinbay
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jie Chen
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel Schäfer
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maximilian Sprang
- Faculty of Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Gresemundweg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Biljana Blagojevic
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- DKTK translational cancer network, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Xinlai Cheng
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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3
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Zhang J, Zhou S, Jiang S, He F, Tu Y, Hu H. Imatinib mesylate reduces c-MYC expression in double-hit lymphoma cells by suppressing inducible cytidine deaminase. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:426. [PMID: 39299959 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Double-hit lymphoma (DHL) with c-MYC gene translocation is highly aggressive and has a poor prognosis. In DHL cells, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) promotes antibody class switch recombination (CSR), ultimately leading to c-MYC gene translocation caused by Myc/IgH DNA double-strand breaks. However, currently there is still no method to suppress the expression of AID. METHODS In this study, we compared the clinical significance of AID expression in DHL, Additionally, two human double-hit lymphoma cell lines were used to analyze the effect of imatinib mesylate on c-MYC in vitro, and the therapeutic effect was also evaluated in xenograft mouse models. RESULTS Imatinib mesylate downregulated the AID and c-MYC proteins in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia associated with DHL. In addition, imatinib mesylate reduced AID and c-MYC expression in SU-DHL-4 and OCI-Ly18 DHL cells. Imatinib mesylate exerted significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation and metastasis of SU-DHL-4 and OCI-Ly18 cells. Finally, imatinib mesylate reduced not only tumor burden in DHL mouse models, but also AID and c-MYC expression in vivo. CONCLUSION These findings reveal that imatinib mesylate effectively reduces the carcinogenic function of c-MYC in DHL, providing novel strategies for developing therapies targeting c-MYC-driven DHL.
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MESH Headings
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Animals
- Humans
- Cytidine Deaminase/genetics
- Cytidine Deaminase/metabolism
- Mice
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Female
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Translocation, Genetic
- Male
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Lymphoma/drug therapy
- Lymphoma/pathology
- Lymphoma/genetics
- Lymphoma/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- JingCheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Lanxi People's Hospital, Lanxi, 321100, China
| | - SiSi Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yongkang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yongkang, 321000, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Yan Tu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - HuiXian Hu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, China.
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Li H, Niu L, Wang J, Chang Q, Zhang S, Wang J, Zeng J, Gao M, Ge J. Strategy against super-resistant bacteria: Curdlan-induced trained immunity combined with multi-epitope subunit vaccine. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135663. [PMID: 39284466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is rapidly spreading worldwide, emerging as a leading cause of bacterial infections in healthcare and community settings. This poses serious risks to human health. The shortage of novel antibiotics and the absence of effective vaccines make MRSA particularly challenging to treat. Existing vaccine development strategies often fail to provide early protection against infections, highlighting the urgent need for solutions. Herein, we propose a novel strategy combining trained immunity with a multi-epitope subunit vaccine to combat MRSA infections. We comprehensively evaluated the trained immune phenotypes induced by β-glucan from barley and curdlan. Macrophages trained with curdlan exhibited a more balanced inflammatory response compared to β-glucan from barley, expressing higher levels of IL-1β, IFN-β, TGF-β, and CCL2 upon secondary stimulation. Furthermore, curdlan-induced trained immunity rapidly provided excellent protection against S. aureus infection in mice. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that curdlan modulates the Wnt signaling pathway in macrophages, resolves inflammation, and promotes tissue repair. When combined with one or two doses of S. aureus multivalent epitope antigen against MRSA infection, curdlan-induced trained immunity enhanced early protection and promoted recovery. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of combining trained immunity with vaccine protection against MRSA, providing a strategy against multi-drug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lingdi Niu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qingru Chang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuhe Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiankai Zeng
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mingchun Gao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Junwei Ge
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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5
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Ma T, Wang M, Wang S, Hu H, Zhang X, Wang H, Wang G, Jin Y. BMSC derived EVs inhibit colorectal Cancer progression by transporting MAGI2-AS3 or something similar. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111235. [PMID: 38806109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on colorectal cancer (CRC) development. The focus was on the role of MAGI2-AS3, delivered by BMSC-EVs, in regulating USP6NL DNA methylation-mediated MYC protein translation modification to promote CDK2 downregulation. Utilizing bioinformatics analysis, we identified significant enrichment of MAGI2-AS3 related to copper-induced cell death in CRC. In vitro experiments demonstrated the downregulation of MAGI2-AS3 in CRC cells, and BMSC-EVs were found to deliver MAGI2-AS3 to inhibit CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Further exploration revealed that MAGI2-AS3 suppressed MYC protein translation modification by regulating USP6NL DNA methylation, leading to CDK2 downregulation and prevention of colorectal cancer. Overexpression of MYC reversed the functional effects of BMSC-EVs-MAGI2-AS3. In vivo experiments validated the inhibitory impact of BMSC-EVs-MAGI2-AS3 on CRC tumorigenicity by promoting CDK2 downregulation through USP6NL DNA methylation-mediated MYC protein translation modification. Overall, BMSC-EVs-MAGI2-AS3 may serve as a potential intervention to prevent CRC occurrence by modulating key molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (Affiliated Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Sciences), Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hanqing Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Hufei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Guiyu Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China.
| | - Yinghu Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China.
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Abohassan M, Khaleel AQ, Pallathadka H, Kumar A, Allela OQB, Hjazi A, Pramanik A, Mustafa YF, Hamzah HF, Mohammed BA. Circular RNA as a Biomarker for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Target in Acute and Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:1979-1991. [PMID: 39136839 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs that have received much attention in recent years. CircRNAs lack a 5' head and a 3' poly-A tail. The structure of this type of RNAs make them resistant to digestion by exonucleases. CircRNAs are expressed in different cells and have various functions. The function of circRNAs is done by sponging miRNAs, changing gene expression, and protein production. The expression of circRNAs changes in different types of cancers, which causes changes in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Changes in the expression of circRNAs can cause the invasion and progression of tumors. Studies have shown that changes in the expression of circRNAs can be seen in acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL). The conducted studies aim to identify circRNAs whose expression has changed in these leukemias and their more precise function so that these circRNAs can be identified as biomarkers, prediction of patient prognosis, and treatment targets for ALL and CLL patients. In this study, we review the studies conducted on the role and function of circRNAs in ALL and CLL patients. The results of the studies show that there is a possibility of using circRNAs as biomarkers in the identification and treatment of patients in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- RNA, Circular/genetics
- RNA, Circular/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Prognosis
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy
- RNA/metabolism
- RNA/genetics
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abohassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Qais Khaleel
- Department of Medical Instruments Engineering, Al-Maarif University College, Al Anbar, 31001, Iraq.
| | | | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560069, India
- Department of Pharmacy, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303012, India
| | | | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atreyi Pramanik
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Ivison of Research and Innovation Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - Hamza Fadhel Hamzah
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
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7
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Li M, Ma S. A review of healthy role of dietary fiber in modulating chronic diseases. Food Res Int 2024; 191:114682. [PMID: 39059940 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) is considered an interventional diet beneficial for human health. High DF intake effectively reduces the incidence of three major chronic diseases, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and colorectal cancer (CRC). The health benefits of DF are closely related to their physicochemical properties with major positive roles in human digestion and intestinal health. However, mechanisms linking DF with diseases remain unclear. The development of genomics, metabolomics, and immunology, and the powerful combination of animal models and clinical trials, have facilitated a better understanding of the relationships between DF and diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that the physical existence of DF and DF-microbiota interaction are the key parameters controlling the action mechanisms of DF in chronic diseases. Therefore, this review discusses the potential mechanism of DF modulating T2DM, CVD, and CRC, therefore providing a theoretical basis for more effective use of DF to intervene in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China.
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8
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Vidal R, Leen E, Herold S, Müller M, Fleischhauer D, Schülein-Völk C, Papadopoulos D, Röschert I, Uhl L, Ade CP, Gallant P, Bayliss R, Eilers M, Büchel G. Association with TFIIIC limits MYCN localisation in hubs of active promoters and chromatin accumulation of non-phosphorylated RNA polymerase II. eLife 2024; 13:RP94407. [PMID: 39177021 PMCID: PMC11343564 DOI: 10.7554/elife.94407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
MYC family oncoproteins regulate the expression of a large number of genes and broadly stimulate elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). While the factors that control the chromatin association of MYC proteins are well understood, much less is known about how interacting proteins mediate MYC's effects on transcription. Here, we show that TFIIIC, an architectural protein complex that controls the three-dimensional chromatin organisation at its target sites, binds directly to the amino-terminal transcriptional regulatory domain of MYCN. Surprisingly, TFIIIC has no discernible role in MYCN-dependent gene expression and transcription elongation. Instead, MYCN and TFIIIC preferentially bind to promoters with paused RNAPII and globally limit the accumulation of non-phosphorylated RNAPII at promoters. Consistent with its ubiquitous role in transcription, MYCN broadly participates in hubs of active promoters. Depletion of TFIIIC further increases MYCN localisation to these hubs. This increase correlates with a failure of the nuclear exosome and BRCA1, both of which are involved in nascent RNA degradation, to localise to active promoters. Our data suggest that MYCN and TFIIIC exert an censoring function in early transcription that limits promoter accumulation of inactive RNAPII and facilitates promoter-proximal degradation of nascent RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Vidal
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenWürzburgGermany
| | - Eoin Leen
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom
| | - Steffi Herold
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Mareike Müller
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, University Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Daniel Fleischhauer
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Christina Schülein-Völk
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Core Unit High-Content Microscopy, Biocenter, University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Dimitrios Papadopoulos
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, University Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Isabelle Röschert
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Leonie Uhl
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Carsten P Ade
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Peter Gallant
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Richard Bayliss
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom
| | - Martin Eilers
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenWürzburgGermany
| | - Gabriele Büchel
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenWürzburgGermany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, University Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
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9
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WU PEILING, ZHAO LIFANG, ZHANG HONGYAN, LOU YUEYAN, CHEN DONGFANG, XUE SHAN, LIU XUEQING, JIANG HANDONG. NCAPD2 serves as a potential prognostic biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma and promotes cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cell cycle in vitro. Oncol Res 2024; 32:1439-1452. [PMID: 39220139 PMCID: PMC11361896 DOI: 10.32604/or.2024.047490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The pro-oncogenic effects of NCAPD2 have been extensively studied across various tumor types; however, its precise role within the context of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains elusive. This study aims to elucidate the biological functions of NCAPD2 in LUAD and unravel the underlying mechanistic pathways. Methods Utilizing bioinformatics methodologies, we explored the differential expression of NCAPD2 between normal and tumor samples, along with its correlations with clinical-pathological characteristics, survival prognosis, and immune infiltration. Results In the TCGA-LUAD dataset, tumor samples demonstrated significantly elevated levels of NCAPD2 expression compared to normal samples (p < 0.001). Clinically, higher NCAPD2 expression was notably associated with advanced T, N, and M stages, pathologic stage, gender, smoking status, and diminished overall survival (OS). Moreover, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with NCAPD2 were predominantly enriched in pathways related to cell division. Immune infiltration analysis revealed that NCAPD2 expression levels were linked to the infiltration of memory B cells, naïve CD4+ T cells, activated memory CD4+ T cells, and M1 macrophages. In vitro experiments demonstrated that silencing NCAPD2 suppressed LUAD cell proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cell cycle progression. Conclusions In summary, NCAPD2 may represent a promising prognostic biomarker and novel therapeutic target for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - HONGYAN ZHANG
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - YUEYAN LOU
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - DONGFANG CHEN
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - SHAN XUE
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - XUEQING LIU
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - HANDONG JIANG
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
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10
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Zhang J, Xu L, Yan X, Hu J, Gao X, Zhao H, Geng M, Wang N, Hu S. Multiomics and machine learning-based analysis of pancancer pseudouridine modifications. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:361. [PMID: 39162904 PMCID: PMC11335713 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudouridine widely affects the stability and function of RNA. However, our knowledge of pseudouridine properties in tumors is incomplete. We systematically analyzed pseudouridine synthases (PUSs) expression, genomic aberrations, and prognostic features in 10907 samples from 33 tumors. We found that the pseudouridine-associated pathway was abnormal in tumors and affected patient prognosis. Dysregulation of the PUSs expression pattern may arise from copy number variation (CNV) mutations and aberrant DNA methylation. Functional enrichment analyses determined that the PUSs expression was closely associated with the MYC, E2F, and MTORC1 signaling pathways. In addition, PUSs are involved in the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in solid tumors, such as kidney and lung cancers. Particularly in lung cancer, increased expression of PUSs is accompanied by increased immune checkpoint expression and Treg infiltration. The best signature model based on more than 112 machine learning combinations had good prognostic ability in ACC, DLBC, GBM, KICH, MESO, THYM, TGCT, and PRAD tumors, and is expected to guide immunotherapy for 19 tumor types. The model was also effective in identifying patients with tumors amenable to etoposide, camptothecin, cisplatin, or bexarotene treatment. In conclusion, our work highlights the dysregulated features of PUSs and their role in the TME and patient prognosis, providing an initial molecular basis for future exploration of pseudouridine. Studies targeting pseudouridine are expected to lead to the development of potential diagnostic strategies and the evaluation and improvement of antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiheng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuwei Yan
- Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiahe Hu
- Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongtao Zhao
- Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mo Geng
- Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shaoshan Hu
- Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Guo M, Li X, Tao W, Teng F, Li C. Vibrio splendidus infection promotes circRNA-FGL1-regulated coelomocyte apoptosis via competitive binding to Myc with the deubiquitinase OTUB1 in Apostichopus japonicus. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012463. [PMID: 39146353 PMCID: PMC11349225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in various physiological and pathological processes in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, most studies on circRNAs have focused on their roles as endogenous competitive RNAs. Here, we report a novel function of circRNA derived from the Fibrinogen-like protein 1 gene (circ-FGL1) that inhibits coelomocyte apoptosis via competing with the deubiquitinase AjOTUB1 to bind AjMyc in Apostichopus japonicus during Vibrio splendidus infection. The results showed that circ-FGL1 is significantly downregulated in coelomocytes of V. splendidus-induced A. japonicus and negatively regulates coelomocyte apoptosis through the AjBax-AjCyt c pathway. Mechanistically, the deubiquitinase AjOTUB1 and circ-FGL1 could interact with the transcription factor protein AjMyc in the same region with circ-FGL1/AjMyc having greater affinity. Under normal conditions, high levels of circ-FGL1 bind directly to AjMyc, inhibiting the deubiquitylation of AjMyc by AjOTUB1 and leading to the degradation of AjMyc. After V. splendidus infection, AjMyc disassociates from the depressed expression of circ-FGL1, promoting its deubiquitylation by binding to the induced deubiquitinase AjOTUB1 to inhibit its degradation. AjMyc is then transferred to the nucleus and promotes the transcription of AjCyt c and AjBax to induce coelomocyte apoptosis. The new finding will expand our present outstanding on the functional role of circRNAs and suggest new therapeutic targets for the treatment of echinoderms during bacterial invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenjun Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fei Teng
- College of Mathematics and Computer, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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12
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Su R, Narenmandula, Qiao X, Hu Q. PDE4B promotes the progression of gastric cancer via the PI3K/AKT/MYC pathway and immune infiltration. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:3451-3467. [PMID: 39113853 PMCID: PMC11301292 DOI: 10.62347/tyos8160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) is a key enzyme involved in regulating intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels and plays a significant role in the diagnosis, classification, treatment, and prognosis of various cancers. However, the role of PDE4B in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. We used the GEPIA2 (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2) database to analyze the differential expression level of PDE4B across tumor samples and verified our findings via qPCR and immunohistochemical analysis. We also analyzed the correlation between PDE4B expression levels and clinical pathological parameters, and prognosis, in the database. The effects of PDE4B on GC proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Enrichment analysis was performed using bioinformatic tools, and results were validated by western blot analysis. The correlation between PDE4B expression and immune cell infiltration was investigated using bioinformatics tools. PDE4B is highly expressed in GC and is significantly associated with deep infiltration, distant metastasis, tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage, and preoperative CA199 levels. Over-expression of PDE4B promotes proliferation, clonal formation, migration, and invasion of GC cells and is associated with poor prognosis. PDE4B promotes the infiltration of immune cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT pathway, increasing MYC expression. PDE4B can serve as an independent prognostic biomarker for GC. We found that PDE4B can promote immune cell infiltration of the TME and mediate malignancy in gastric cancer through the PI3K/AKT/MYC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityNo. 74 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Narenmandula
- School of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityJinshan Development Zone, Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityNo. 1 Tongdao North Road, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Qun Hu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityNo. 1 Tongdao North Road, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
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13
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MacPherson-Hawthorne K, Sears RC. Hold the MYCrophone: MYC Invades Enhancers to Control Cancer-Type Gene Programs. Cancer Res 2024; 84:2227-2228. [PMID: 38695859 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
MYC is an oncogenic transcription factor that binds gene promoters to facilitate oncogenic gene expression. When overexpressed, as is the case in most human cancers, MYC also invades active enhancers-cis-regulatory elements that are critical for regulating gene expression. In previous studies, the regulatory significance of MYC enhancer invasion in cancer cells has been debated. In their study published in Nature Genetics, Jakobsen and colleagues establish a new role for MYC in enhancer regions: regulating cancer type-specific gene programs. Their work reveals a mechanism in which MYC cooperates with other oncogenic transcription factors to recruit epigenetic regulators to enhancers, resulting in an epigenetic "switch" that promotes enhancer activation through BRD4 and RNA polymerase II. This activity was highly cancer-type specific, highlighting gene expression programs that predicted clinical outcome in a subtype-specific manner in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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14
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Ueno T, Otani S, Date Y, Katsuma Y, Nagayoshi Y, Ito T, Ii H, Kageyama S, Nakata S, Ito K. Myc upregulates Ggct, γ-glutamylcyclotransferase to promote development of p53-deficient osteosarcoma. Cancer Sci 2024. [PMID: 38924236 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) in humans is characterized by alterations in the TP53 gene. In mice, loss of p53 triggers OS development, for which c-Myc (Myc) oncogenicity is indispensable. However, little is known about which genes are targeted by Myc to promote tumorigenesis. Here, we examined the role of γ-glutamylcyclotransferase (Ggct) which is a component enzyme of the γ-glutamyl cycle essential for glutathione homeostasis, in human and mouse OS development. We found that GGCT is a poor prognostic factor for human OS, and that deletion of Ggct suppresses p53-deficient osteosarcomagenesis in mice. Myc upregulates Ggct directly by binding to the Ggct promoter, and deletion of a Myc binding site therein by genome editing attenuated the tumorigenic potential of p53-deficient OS cells. Taken together, these results show a rationale that GGCT is widely upregulated in cancer cells and solidify its suitability as a target for anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ueno
- Department of Molecular Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shohei Otani
- Department of Molecular Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Date
- Department of Molecular Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yu Katsuma
- Department of Molecular Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuma Nagayoshi
- Department of Molecular Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ito
- Department of Molecular Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ii
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Kageyama
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakata
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosei Ito
- Department of Molecular Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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15
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Li L, Hossain SM, Eccles MR. The Role of the PAX Genes in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6730. [PMID: 38928435 PMCID: PMC11203709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a significant oncological challenge due to its heterogeneous nature and limited treatment options. The PAX developmental gene family encodes nine highly conserved transcription factors that play crucial roles in embryonic development and organogenesis, which have been implicated in the occurrence and development of RCC. This review explores the molecular landscape of RCC, with a specific focus on the role of the PAX gene family in RCC tumorigenesis and disease progression. Of the various RCC subtypes, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent, characterized by the loss of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene. Here, we review the published literature on the expression patterns and functional implications of PAX genes, particularly PAX2 and PAX8, in the three most common RCC subtypes, including ccRCC, papillary RCC (PRCC), and chromophobe RCC (ChRCC). Further, we review the interactions and potential biological mechanisms involving PAX genes and VHL loss in driving the pathogenesis of RCC, including the key signaling pathways mediated by VHL in ccRCC and associated mechanisms implicating PAX. Lastly, concurrent with our update regarding PAX gene research in RCC, we review and comment on the targeting of PAX towards the development of novel RCC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (L.L.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Sultana Mehbuba Hossain
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (L.L.); (S.M.H.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Michael R. Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (L.L.); (S.M.H.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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16
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Yang F, Fan J, Yang R, Cun Y. Integrative analysis of blood transcriptome profiles in small-cell lung cancer patients for identification of novel chemotherapy resistance-related biomarkers. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1338162. [PMID: 38957470 PMCID: PMC11217175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1338162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemoresistance constitutes a prevalent factor that significantly impacts thesurvival of patients undergoing treatment for smal-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Chemotherapy resistance in SCLC patients is generally classified as primary or acquired resistance, each governedby distinct mechanisms that remain inadequately researched. Methods In this study, we performed transcriptome screening of peripheral blood plasma obtainedfrom 17 patients before and after receiving combined etoposide and platinum treatment. We firs testimated pseudo-single-cell analysis using xCell and ESTIMATE and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), then performed network analysis to discover key hub genes involved in chemotherapy resistance. Results Our analysis showed a significant increase in class-switched memory B cell scores acrossboth chemotherapy resistance patterns, indicating their potential crucial role in mediatingresistance. Moreover, network analysis identifed PRICKLE3, TNFSFI0, ACSLl and EP300 as potential contributors to primary resistance, with SNWl, SENP2 and SMNDCl emerging assignificant factors in acquired resistance, providing valuable insights into chemotherapy resistancein SCLC. Discussion These findings offer valuable insights for understanding chemotherapy resistance and related gene signatures in SCLC, which could help further biological validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of the Second Medical Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinhua Fan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Runxiang Yang
- Department of the Second Medical Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yupeng Cun
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Williams ET, Schiefelbein K, Schuster M, Ahmed IMM, De Vries M, Beveridge R, Zerbe O, Hartrampf N. Rapid flow-based synthesis of post-translationally modified peptides and proteins: a case study on MYC's transactivation domain. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8756-8765. [PMID: 38873065 PMCID: PMC11168107 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00481g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions of c-Myc (MYC) are often regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, and crosstalk thereof. Studying these interactions requires proteins with unique PTM patterns, which are challenging to obtain by recombinant methods. Standard peptide synthesis and native chemical ligation can produce such modified proteins, but are time-consuming and therefore typically limited to the study of individual PTMs. Herein, we report the development of flow-based methods for the rapid synthesis of phosphorylated MYC sequences (up to 84 AA), and demonstrate the versatility of this approach for the incorporation of other PTMs (N ε-methylation, sulfation, acetylation, glycosylation) and combinations thereof. Peptides containing up to seven PTMs and phosphorylation at up to five sites were successfully prepared and isolated in high yield and purity. We further produced ten PTM-decorated analogues of the MYC Transactivation Domain (TAD) to screen for binding to the tumor suppressor protein, Bin1, using heteronuclear NMR and native mass spectrometry. We determined the effects of phosphorylation and glycosylation on the strength of the MYC:Bin1 interaction, and reveal an influence of MYC sequence length on binding. Our platform for the rapid synthesis of MYC sequences up to 84 AA with distinct PTM patterns thus enables the systematic study of PTM function at a molecular level, and offers a convenient way for expedited screening of constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse T Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Kevin Schiefelbein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Matthias Schuster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ikhlas M M Ahmed
- Department for Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral St Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Marije De Vries
- Department for Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral St Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Rebecca Beveridge
- Department for Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral St Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Oliver Zerbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Nina Hartrampf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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18
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Papadopoulos D, Ha SA, Fleischhauer D, Uhl L, Russell TJ, Mikicic I, Schneider K, Brem A, Valanju OR, Cossa G, Gallant P, Schuelein-Voelk C, Maric HM, Beli P, Büchel G, Vos SM, Eilers M. The MYCN oncoprotein is an RNA-binding accessory factor of the nuclear exosome targeting complex. Mol Cell 2024; 84:2070-2086.e20. [PMID: 38703770 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The MYCN oncoprotein binds active promoters in a heterodimer with its partner protein MAX. MYCN also interacts with the nuclear exosome, a 3'-5' exoribonuclease complex, suggesting a function in RNA metabolism. Here, we show that MYCN forms stable high-molecular-weight complexes with the exosome and multiple RNA-binding proteins. MYCN binds RNA in vitro and in cells via a conserved sequence termed MYCBoxI. In cells, MYCN associates with thousands of intronic transcripts together with the ZCCHC8 subunit of the nuclear exosome targeting complex and enhances their processing. Perturbing exosome function results in global re-localization of MYCN from promoters to intronic RNAs. On chromatin, MYCN is then replaced by the MNT(MXD6) repressor protein, inhibiting MYCN-dependent transcription. RNA-binding-deficient alleles show that RNA-binding limits MYCN's ability to activate cell growth-related genes but is required for MYCN's ability to promote progression through S phase and enhance the stress resilience of neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Papadopoulos
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Anh Ha
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Fleischhauer
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Uhl
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Timothy J Russell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 31 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ivan Mikicic
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology (IDN), Johannes Gutenberg University, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Johannes Gutenberg University, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Schneider
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 31 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Annika Brem
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 31 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Omkar Rajendra Valanju
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, Building D15, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Giacomo Cossa
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Gallant
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Schuelein-Voelk
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Core Unit High-Content Microscopy, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hans Michael Maric
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, Building D15, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Petra Beli
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology (IDN), Johannes Gutenberg University, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Johannes Gutenberg University, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gabriele Büchel
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Seychelle M Vos
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 31 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Martin Eilers
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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19
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Yang J, Chung CI, Koach J, Liu H, Navalkar A, He H, Ma Z, Zhao Q, Yang X, He L, Mittag T, Shen Y, Weiss WA, Shu X. MYC phase separation selectively modulates the transcriptome. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024:10.1038/s41594-024-01322-6. [PMID: 38811792 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulation and enhanced expression of MYC transcription factors (TFs) including MYC and MYCN contribute to the majority of human cancers. For example, MYCN is amplified up to several hundredfold in high-risk neuroblastoma. The resulting overexpression of N-myc aberrantly activates genes that are not activated at low N-myc levels and drives cell proliferation. Whether increasing N-myc levels simply mediates binding to lower-affinity binding sites in the genome or fundamentally changes the activation process remains unclear. One such activation mechanism that could become important above threshold levels of N-myc is the formation of aberrant transcriptional condensates through phase separation. Phase separation has recently been linked to transcriptional regulation, but the extent to which it contributes to gene activation remains an open question. Here we characterized the phase behavior of N-myc and showed that it can form dynamic condensates that have transcriptional hallmarks. We tested the role of phase separation in N-myc-regulated transcription by using a chemogenetic tool that allowed us to compare non-phase-separated and phase-separated conditions at equivalent N-myc levels, both of which showed a strong impact on gene expression compared to no N-myc expression. Interestingly, we discovered that only a small percentage (<3%) of N-myc-regulated genes is further modulated by phase separation but that these events include the activation of key oncogenes and the repression of tumor suppressors. Indeed, phase separation increases cell proliferation, corroborating the biological effects of the transcriptional changes. However, our results also show that >97% of N-myc-regulated genes are not affected by N-myc phase separation, demonstrating that soluble complexes of TFs with the transcriptional machinery are sufficient to activate transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjiao Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chan-I Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Koach
- Departments of Neurology, Neurological Surgery, Pediatrics, and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hongjiang Liu
- Institute for Human Genetics, Departments of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ambuja Navalkar
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hao He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhimin Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Institute for Human Genetics, Departments of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Liang He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tanja Mittag
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yin Shen
- Institute for Human Genetics, Departments of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Departments of Neurology, Neurological Surgery, Pediatrics, and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaokun Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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20
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He J, Huo X, Pei G, Jia Z, Yan Y, Yu J, Qu H, Xie Y, Yuan J, Zheng Y, Hu Y, Shi M, You K, Li T, Ma T, Zhang MQ, Ding S, Li P, Li Y. Dual-role transcription factors stabilize intermediate expression levels. Cell 2024; 187:2746-2766.e25. [PMID: 38631355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Precise control of gene expression levels is essential for normal cell functions, yet how they are defined and tightly maintained, particularly at intermediate levels, remains elusive. Here, using a series of newly developed sequencing, imaging, and functional assays, we uncover a class of transcription factors with dual roles as activators and repressors, referred to as condensate-forming level-regulating dual-action transcription factors (TFs). They reduce high expression but increase low expression to achieve stable intermediate levels. Dual-action TFs directly exert activating and repressing functions via condensate-forming domains that compartmentalize core transcriptional unit selectively. Clinically relevant mutations in these domains, which are linked to a range of developmental disorders, impair condensate selectivity and dual-action TF activity. These results collectively address a fundamental question in expression regulation and demonstrate the potential of level-regulating dual-action TFs as powerful effectors for engineering controlled expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinnan He
- The IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiangru Huo
- The IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gaofeng Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zeran Jia
- The IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiming Yan
- The IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiawei Yu
- The IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haozhi Qu
- The IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunxin Xie
- The IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junsong Yuan
- The IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- The IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanyan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Minglei Shi
- Bioinformatics Division, National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kaiqiang You
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianhua Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Michael Q Zhang
- Bioinformatics Division, National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Systems Biology, The University of Texas, Dallas, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Sheng Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yinqing Li
- The IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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21
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Abdulsahib S, Boswell W, Boswell M, Savage M, Schartl M, Lu Y. Transcriptional background effects on a tumor driver gene in different pigment cell types of medaka. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2024; 342:252-259. [PMID: 37877158 PMCID: PMC11043209 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The Xiphophorus melanoma receptor kinase gene, xmrk, is a bona fide oncogene driving melanocyte tumorigenesis of Xiphophorus fish. When ectopically expressed in medaka, it not only induces development of several pigment cell tumor types in different strains of medaka but also induces different tumor types within the same animal, suggesting its oncogenic activity has a transcriptomic background effect. Although the central pathways that xmrk utilizes to lead to melanomagenesis are well documented, genes and genetic pathways that modulate the oncogenic effect and alter the course of disease have not been studied so far. To understand how the genetic networks between different histocytes of xmrk-driven tumors are composed, we isolated two types of tumors, melanoma and xanthoerythrophoroma, from the same xmrk transgenic medaka individuals, established the transcriptional profiles of both xmrk-driven tumors, and compared (1) genes that are co-expressed with xmrk in both tumor types, and (2) differentially expressed genes and their associated molecular functions, between the two tumor types. Transcriptomic comparisons between the two tumor types show melanoma and xanthoerythrophoroma are characterized by transcriptional features representing varied functions, indicating distinct molecular interactions between the driving oncogene and the cell-type-specific transcriptomes. Melanoma tumors exhibit gene signatures that are relevant to proliferation and invasion, while xanthoerythrophoroma tumors are characterized by expression profiles related to metabolism and DNA repair. We conclude the transcriptomic backgrounds, exemplified by cell-type-specific genes that are downstream of xmrk effected signaling pathways, contribute the potential to change the course of tumor development and may affect overall tumor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahad Abdulsahib
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 419 Centennial Hall, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - William Boswell
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 419 Centennial Hall, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Mikki Boswell
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 419 Centennial Hall, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Markita Savage
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 419 Centennial Hall, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 419 Centennial Hall, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
- Developmental Biochemistry, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yuan Lu
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 419 Centennial Hall, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
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22
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Wang M, Hu S, Yang J, Yuan L, Han L, Liang F, Zhang F, Zhao H, Liu Y, Gao N. Arenobufagin inhibits lung metastasis of colorectal cancer by targeting c-MYC/Nrf2 axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 127:155391. [PMID: 38452690 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest cancers worldwide. Metastasis is the most common cause of death in patients with CRC. Arenobufagin is an active component of bufadienolides, extracted from toad skin and parotid venom. Arenobufagin reportedly inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in various cancers. However, the mechanism through which arenobufagin inhibits CRC metastasis remains unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which arenobufagin inhibits CRC metastasis. METHODS Wound-healing and transwell assays were used to assess the migration and invasion of CRC cells. The expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the CRC tissues was assessed using immunohistochemistry. The protein expression levels of c-MYC and Nrf2 were detected by immunoblotting. A mouse model of lung metastasis was used to study the effects of arenobufagin on CRC lung metastasis in vivo. RESULTS Arenobufagin observably inhibited the migration and invasion of CRC cells by downregulating c-MYC and inactivating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Pretreatment with the Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol markedly enhanced arenobufagin-mediated inhibition of migration and invasion, whereas pretreatment with the Nrf2 agonist tert‑butylhydroquinone significantly attenuated arenobufagin-mediated inhibition of migration and invasion of CRC cells. Furthermore, Nrf2 knockdown with short hairpin RNA enhanced the arenobufagin-induced inhibition of the migration and invasion of CRC cells. Importantly, c-MYC acts as an upstream modulator of Nrf2 in CRC cells. c-MYC knockdown markedly enhanced arenobufagin-mediated inhibition of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, cell migration, and invasion. Arenobufagin inhibited CRC lung metastasis in vivo. Together, these findings provide evidence that interruption of the c-MYC/Nrf2 signaling pathway is crucial for arenobufagin-inhibited cell metastasis in CRC. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings show that arenobufagin could be used as a potential anticancer agent against CRC metastasis. The arenobufagin-targeted c-MYC/Nrf2 signaling pathway may be a novel chemotherapeutic strategy for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Siyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Jiawang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Liang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Limin Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Feng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Hailong Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, PR China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Laboratory for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, PR China.
| | - Ning Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, PR China.
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23
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Li R, He J, Ni Z, Zhang J, Chi X, Kang C, Li Z, Li X. Mining and exploration of rehabilitation nursing targets for colorectal cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7022-7042. [PMID: 38637125 PMCID: PMC11087124 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are often subtle early symptoms of colorectal cancer, a common malignancy of the intestinal tract. However, it is not yet clear how MYC and NCAPG2 are involved in colorectal cancer. METHOD We obtained colorectal cancer datasets GSE32323 and GSE113513 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). After downloading, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and performed Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). We then undertook functional enrichment assay, gene set enrichment assay (GSEA) and immune infiltration assay. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction and analysis were undertaken. Survival analysis and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) analysis were conducted. A gene expression heat map was generated. We used TargetScan to identify miRNAs that are regulators of DEGs. RESULTS 1117 DEGs were identified. Their predominant enrichment in activities like the cellular phase of the cell cycle, in cell proliferation, in nuclear and cytoplasmic localisation and in binding to protein-containing complexes was revealed by Gene Ontology (GO). When the enrichment data from GSE32323 and GSE113513 colon cancer datasets were merged, the primary enriched DEGs were linked to the cell cycle, protein complex, cell cycle control, calcium signalling and P53 signalling pathways. In particular, MYC, MAD2L1, CENPF, UBE2C, NUF2 and NCAPG2 were identified as highly expressed in colorectal cancer samples. Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) demonstrated that the core genes were implicated in the following processes: colorectal neoplasia, tumour cell transformation, inflammation and necrosis. CONCLUSIONS High MYC and NCAPG2 expression has been observed in colorectal cancer, and increased MYC and NCAPG2 expression correlates with worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipu Li
- Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Shijingshan 100144, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Fengtai, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Ni
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Fengtai, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Shijingshan 100144, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chi
- Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Shijingshan 100144, Beijing, China
| | - Chunbo Kang
- Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Shijingshan 100144, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongbo Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Fengtai, Beijing, China
| | - Xubin Li
- Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Shijingshan 100144, Beijing, China
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24
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Jin C, Einig E, Xu W, Kollampally RB, Schlosser A, Flentje M, Popov N. The dimeric deubiquitinase USP28 integrates 53BP1 and MYC functions to limit DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:3011-3030. [PMID: 38227944 PMCID: PMC11024517 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is a major source of endogenous DNA damage in tumor cells and a key target of cellular response to genotoxic stress. DNA replication can be deregulated by oncoproteins, such as transcription factor MYC, aberrantly activated in many human cancers. MYC is stringently regulated by the ubiquitin system - for example, ubiquitination controls recruitment of the elongation factor PAF1c, instrumental in MYC activity. Curiously, a key MYC-targeting deubiquitinase USP28 also controls cellular response to DNA damage via the mediator protein 53BP1. USP28 forms stable dimers, but the biological role of USP28 dimerization is unknown. We show here that dimerization limits USP28 activity and restricts recruitment of PAF1c by MYC. Expression of monomeric USP28 stabilizes MYC and promotes PAF1c recruitment, leading to ectopic DNA synthesis and replication-associated DNA damage. USP28 dimerization is stimulated by 53BP1, which selectively binds USP28 dimers. Genotoxic stress diminishes 53BP1-USP28 interaction, promotes disassembly of USP28 dimers and stimulates PAF1c recruitment by MYC. This triggers firing of DNA replication origins during early response to genotoxins and exacerbates DNA damage. We propose that dimerization of USP28 prevents ectopic DNA replication at transcriptionally active chromatin to maintain genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 ‘Image-guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’ (iFIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elias Einig
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 ‘Image-guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’ (iFIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wenshan Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ravi Babu Kollampally
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 ‘Image-guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’ (iFIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nikita Popov
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 ‘Image-guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’ (iFIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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25
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Tao Y, Li L, Yang X, Yin S, Zhang Z, Wang H, Pu R, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Mu H, Wu C, He J, Yang L. Magnetic-driven hydrogel microrobots for promoting osteosarcoma chemo-therapy with synthetic lethality strategy. Front Chem 2024; 12:1386076. [PMID: 38638876 PMCID: PMC11024356 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1386076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The advancements in the field of micro-robots for drug delivery systems have garnered considerable attention. In contrast to traditional drug delivery systems, which are dependent on blood circulation to reach their target, these engineered micro/nano robots possess the unique ability to navigate autonomously, thereby enabling the delivery of drugs to otherwise inaccessible regions. Precise drug delivery systems can improve the effectiveness and safety of synthetic lethality strategies, which are used for targeted therapy of solid tumors. MYC-overexpressing tumors show sensitivity to CDK1 inhibition. This study delves into the potential of Ro-3306 loaded magnetic-driven hydrogel micro-robots in the treatment of MYC-dependent osteosarcoma. Ro-3306, a specific inhibitor of CDK1, has been demonstrated to suppress tumor growth across various types of cancer. We have designed and fabricated this micro-robot, capable of delivering Ro-3306 precisely to tumor cells under the influence of a magnetic field, and evaluated its chemosensitizing effects, thereby augmenting the therapeutic efficacy and introducing a novel possibility for osteosarcoma treatment. The clinical translation of this method necessitates further investigation and validation. In summary, the Ro-3306-loaded magnetic-driven hydrogel micro-robots present a novel strategy for enhancing the chemosensitivity of MYC-dependent osteosarcoma, paving the way for new possibilities in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Leike Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiyu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruochen Pu
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
- Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zongyi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoran Mu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenqiong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
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Oskouian B, Lee JY, Asgharzadeh S, Khan R, Zhang M, Weisbrod JR, Choi YJ, Puri L, Aguilar AE, Zhao P, Saba JD. AF1q is a universal marker of neuroblastoma that sustains N-Myc expression and drives tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2024; 43:1203-1213. [PMID: 38413795 PMCID: PMC11014797 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial malignant tumor of childhood, accounting for 15% of all pediatric cancer deaths. Despite significant advances in our understanding of neuroblastoma biology, five-year survival rates for high-risk disease remain less than 50%, highlighting the importance of identifying novel therapeutic targets to combat the disease. MYCN amplification is the most frequent and predictive molecular aberration correlating with poor outcome in neuroblastoma. N-Myc is a short-lived protein primarily due to its rapid proteasomal degradation, a potentially exploitable vulnerability in neuroblastoma. AF1q is an oncoprotein with established roles in leukemia and solid tumor progression. It is normally expressed in brain and sympathetic neurons and has been postulated to play a part in neural differentiation. However, no role for AF1q in tumors of neural origin has been reported. In this study, we found AF1q to be a universal marker of neuroblastoma tumors. Silencing AF1q in neuroblastoma cells caused proteasomal degradation of N-Myc through Ras/ERK and AKT/GSK3β pathways, activated p53 and blocked cell cycle progression, culminating in cell death via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Moreover, silencing AF1q attenuated neuroblastoma tumorigenicity in vivo signifying AF1q's importance in neuroblastoma oncogenesis. Our findings reveal AF1q to be a novel regulator of N-Myc and potential therapeutic target in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Oskouian
- Department of Pediatrics and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joanna Y Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shahab Asgharzadeh
- Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ranjha Khan
- Department of Pediatrics and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia R Weisbrod
- Department of Pediatrics and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Youn-Jeong Choi
- Department of Pediatrics and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Latika Puri
- Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ana E Aguilar
- Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Piming Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie D Saba
- Department of Pediatrics and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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27
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MYC activates transcriptional enhancers to drive cancer progression. Nat Genet 2024; 56:567-568. [PMID: 38480925 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
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Liu Z, Zhang X, Xu M, Hong JJ, Ciardiello A, Lei H, Shern JF, Thiele CJ. MYCN drives oncogenesis by cooperating with the histone methyltransferase G9a and the WDR5 adaptor to orchestrate global gene transcription. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002240. [PMID: 38547242 PMCID: PMC11003700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
MYCN activates canonical MYC targets involved in ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis, and represses neuronal differentiation genes to drive oncogenesis in neuroblastoma (NB). How MYCN orchestrates global gene expression remains incompletely understood. Our study finds that MYCN binds promoters to up-regulate canonical MYC targets but binds to both enhancers and promoters to repress differentiation genes. MYCN binding also increases H3K4me3 and H3K27ac on canonical MYC target promoters and decreases H3K27ac on neuronal differentiation gene enhancers and promoters. WDR5 facilitates MYCN promoter binding to activate canonical MYC target genes, whereas MYCN recruits G9a to enhancers to repress neuronal differentiation genes. Targeting both MYCN's active and repressive transcriptional activities using both WDR5 and G9a inhibitors synergistically suppresses NB growth. We demonstrate that MYCN cooperates with WDR5 and G9a to orchestrate global gene transcription. The targeting of both these cofactors is a novel therapeutic strategy to indirectly target the oncogenic activity of MYCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liu
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiyuan Zhang
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Man Xu
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jason J. Hong
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amanda Ciardiello
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Haiyan Lei
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jack F. Shern
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carol J. Thiele
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Ma J, Li L, Ma B, Liu T, Wang Z, Ye Q, Peng Y, Wang B, Chen Y, Xu S, Wang K, Dang F, Wang X, Zeng Z, Jian Y, Ren Z, Fan Y, Li X, Liu J, Gao Y, Wei W, Li L. MYC induces CDK4/6 inhibitors resistance by promoting pRB1 degradation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1871. [PMID: 38424044 PMCID: PMC10904810 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) show anticancer activity in certain human malignancies, such as breast cancer. However, their application to other tumor types and intrinsic resistance mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that MYC amplification confers resistance to CDK4/6i in bladder, prostate and breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, MYC binds to the promoter of the E3 ubiquitin ligase KLHL42 and enhances its transcription, leading to RB1 deficiency by inducing both phosphorylated and total pRB1 ubiquitination and degradation. We identify a compound that degrades MYC, A80.2HCl, which induces MYC degradation at nanomolar concentrations, restores pRB1 protein levels and re-establish sensitivity of MYC high-expressing cancer cells to CDK4/6i. The combination of CDK4/6i and A80.2HCl result in marked regression in tumor growth in vivo. Altogether, these results reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying MYC-induced resistance to CDK4/6i and suggest the utilization of the MYC degrading molecule A80.2HCl to potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of CDK4/6i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Bohan Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Tianjie Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zixi Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qi Ye
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yule Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zixuan Zeng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yanlin Jian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Kintor Parmaceutical, Inc, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yizeng Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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30
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Su X, Yan L, Si J, Wang Z, Liang C, Peng K, Shen J, Duan S. LINC00319: Unraveling the spectrum from gene regulation to clinical applications in cancer progression. Gene 2024; 896:148044. [PMID: 38042213 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
LncRNAs are RNA transcripts that exceed 200 nucleotides in length and do not encode proteins. LINC00319 is a type of lncRNA that is highly expressed in various cancers and is regulated by CCL18 and MYC. High levels of LINC00319 are associated with poorer prognosis and more malignant clinical features in cancer patients. LINC00319 can regulate the expression of downstream genes, including 2 protein-coding genes and 11 miRNAs. It participates in controlling three signaling pathways and various cellular behaviors. LINC00319 and its downstream genes are potential targets for cancer therapy and are associated with common cancer treatments. This article reviews the abnormal expression of LINC00319 in human cancers and related molecular mechanisms, providing clues for further diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Su
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingtao Yan
- Medical Genetics Center, Department of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiahua Si
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenhao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kehao Peng
- The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinze Shen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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31
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Liu C, Chen L, Cong Y, Cheng L, Shuai Y, Lv F, Chen K, Song Y, Xing Y. Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15 A promotes translation initiation and induces G2M phase arrest during cuproptosis in cancers. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:149. [PMID: 38365764 PMCID: PMC10873343 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06489-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Copper ions play a crucial role as cofactors for essential enzymes in cellular processes. However, when the intracellular concentration of copper ions exceeds the homeostatic threshold, they become toxic to cells. In our study, we demonstrated that elesclomol, as a carrier of copper ions, caused an upregulation of protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15 A (PPP1R15A), which plays a role in regulating substrate selectivity of protein phosphatase 1 during cuproptosis. Mechanistically, we investigated that PPP1R15A activated translation initiation by dephosphorylating eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha at the S51 residue through protein phosphatase 1 and phosphorylating eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 at the T70 residue. In addition, PPP1R15A reduced H3K4 methylation by altering the phosphorylation of histone methyltransferases, which led to the silencing of MYC and G2M phase arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Yukun Cong
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulin Cheng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujun Shuai
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Lv
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Yarong Song
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yifei Xing
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
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Gaballa A, Gebhardt-Wolf A, Krenz B, Mattavelli G, John M, Cossa G, Andreani S, Schülein-Völk C, Montesinos F, Vidal R, Kastner C, Ade CP, Kneitz B, Gasteiger G, Gallant P, Rosenfeldt M, Riedel A, Eilers M. PAF1c links S-phase progression to immune evasion and MYC function in pancreatic carcinoma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1446. [PMID: 38365788 PMCID: PMC10873513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), endogenous MYC is required for S-phase progression and escape from immune surveillance. Here we show that MYC in PDAC cells is needed for the recruitment of the PAF1c transcription elongation complex to RNA polymerase and that depletion of CTR9, a PAF1c subunit, enables long-term survival of PDAC-bearing mice. PAF1c is largely dispensable for normal proliferation and regulation of MYC target genes. Instead, PAF1c limits DNA damage associated with S-phase progression by being essential for the expression of long genes involved in replication and DNA repair. Surprisingly, the survival benefit conferred by CTR9 depletion is not due to DNA damage, but to T-cell activation and restoration of immune surveillance. This is because CTR9 depletion releases RNA polymerase and elongation factors from the body of long genes and promotes the transcription of short genes, including MHC class I genes. The data argue that functionally distinct gene sets compete for elongation factors and directly link MYC-driven S-phase progression to tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Gaballa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biologyy, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anneli Gebhardt-Wolf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biologyy, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Krenz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biologyy, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Greta Mattavelli
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mara John
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Giacomo Cossa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biologyy, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Andreani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biologyy, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Schülein-Völk
- Core Unit High-Content Microscopy, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Francisco Montesinos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biologyy, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Raphael Vidal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biologyy, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Kastner
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten P Ade
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biologyy, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kneitz
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Gasteiger
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Gallant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biologyy, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Rosenfeldt
- Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Riedel
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Eilers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biologyy, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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Yu J, Li M, Ju L, Zhou F, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Du W, Huang R, Qian K, Wang G, Xiao Y, Wang X. TRAIP suppresses bladder cancer progression by catalyzing K48-linked polyubiquitination of MYC. Oncogene 2024; 43:470-483. [PMID: 38123820 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
TRAF-interacting protein (TRAIP), an E3 ligase containing a RING domain, has emerged as a significant contributor to maintaining genome integrity and is closely associated with cancer. Our study reveals that TRAIP shows reduced expression in bladder cancer (BLCA), which correlates with an unfavorable prognosis. In vitro and in vivo, TRAIP inhibits proliferation and migration of BLCA cells. MYC has been identified as a novel target for TRAIP, wherein direct interaction promotes K48-linked polyubiquitination at neighboring K428 and K430 residues, ultimately resulting in proteasome-dependent degradation and downregulation of MYC transcriptional activity. This mechanism effectively impedes the progression of BLCA. Restoring MYC expression reverses suppressed proliferation and migration of BLCA cells induced by TRAIP. Moreover, our results suggest that MYC may bind to the transcriptional start region of TRAIP, thereby exerting regulatory control over TRAIP transcription. Consequently, this interaction establishes a negative feedback loop that regulates MYC expression, preventing excessive levels. Taken together, this study reveals a mechanism that TRAIP inhibits proliferation and migration of BLCA by promoting ubiquitin-mediated degradation of MYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtian Yu
- Department of Urology, Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Department of Urology, Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fenfang Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yejinpeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Euler Technology, ZGC Life Sciences Park, Beijing, China
- Center for Quantitative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Renjie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhi Du
- Department of Urology, Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ruoyu Huang
- Department of Urology, Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Urology, Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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Liu J, Lu J, Wang G, Gu L, Li W. Prognostic characteristics of a six-gene signature based on ssGSEA in sarcoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:1536-1554. [PMID: 38240704 PMCID: PMC10866427 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor originating of the interstitial or connective tissue with a poor prognosis. Next-generation sequencing technology offers new opportunities for accurate diagnosis and treatment of sarcomas. There is an urgent need for new gene signature to predict prognosis and evaluate treatment outcomes. METHODS We used transcriptome data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to explore the cancer hallmarks most associated with prognosis in sarcoma patients. Then, weighted gene coexpression network analysis, univariate COX regression analysis and random forest algorithm were used to construct prognostic gene characteristics. Finally, the prognostic value of gene markers was validated in the TCGA and Integrated Gene Expression (GEO) (GSE17118) datasets, respectively. RESULTS MYC targets V1 and V2 are the main cancer hallmarks affecting the overall survival (OS) of sarcoma patients. A six-gene signature including VEGFA, HMGB3, FASN, RCC1, NETO2 and BIRC5 were constructed. Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested that higher risk scores based on the six-gene signature associated with poorer OS (P < 0.001). The receiver Operating characteristic curve showed that the risk score based on the six-gene signature was a good predictor of sarcoma, with an area under the curve (AUC) greater than 0.73. In addition, the prognostic value of the six-gene signature was validated in GSE17118 with an AUC greater than 0.72. CONCLUSION This six-gene signature is an independent prognostic factor in patients with sarcoma and is expected to be a potential therapeutic target for sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Department of Quality Control and Evaluation, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Gefei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Liming Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Wenli Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China
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Zu H, Jin G, Kong Y, Li Z, Lou Y, Li R. The N-terminal α2 helix element is critical for the activity of the rice transcription factor MYC2. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:2. [PMID: 38189841 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are a class of phytohormones that play a crucial role in plant growth, development, and environmental stress responses. Central to JA signaling are the MYC2-type transcription factors, as they activate the expression of JA-responsive genes. We previously used CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing to engineer rice OsMYC2 and yielded a mutant (myc2-5) with a single amino acid (aa) deletion (75I) outside the known functional domains of the protein. This myc2-5 mutant also showed some JA-deficient phenotypes, promoting us to investigate how 75I deletion affects JA responses. The mutation is found in the α2 helix element at the N-terminal of OsMYC2. The deletion of 75I in OsMYC2 rendered plants deficient in most of the JA responses, including root growth, leaf senescence, spikelet development, and resistance to pathogens and herbivores. Biochemical assays revealed that the 75I deletion markedly reduced OsMYC2 protein accumulation, subsequently diminishing its transcriptional activity. However, the deletion did not influence the protein's subcellular localization, DNA-binding capability, or its interactions with JAZ transcriptional repressors and the Mediator complex subunit MED25. Additionally, the screening of seven other deletions in the α2 helix further reinforces the importance of this protein element. Our results highlight the significance of the α2 helix in the N-terminus for OsMYC2's functionality, primarily through modulating its protein levels. This insight expands our knowledge of JA signaling and opens new avenues for research into the yet-to-be-explored domains of the MYC2 protein, with the potential to tailor JA responses in rice and other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyue Zu
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Gaochen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yaze Kong
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yonggen Lou
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ran Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Zhu X, Li C, Gao Y, Zhang Q, Wang T, Zhou H, Bu F, Chen J, Mao X, He Y, Wu K, Li N, Luo H. The feedback loop of EFTUD2/c-MYC impedes chemotherapeutic efficacy by enhancing EFTUD2 transcription and stabilizing c-MYC protein in colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:7. [PMID: 38163859 PMCID: PMC10759692 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoresistance presents a significant obstacle in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), yet the molecular basis underlying CRC chemoresistance remains poorly understood, impeding the development of new therapeutic interventions. Elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain containing 2 (EFTUD2) has emerged as a potential oncogenic factor implicated in various cancer types, where it fosters tumor growth and survival. However, its specific role in modulating the sensitivity of CRC cells to chemotherapy is still unclear. METHODS Public dataset analysis and in-house sample validation were conducted to assess the expression of EFTUD2 in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy-resistant CRC cells and the potential of EFTUD2 as a prognostic indicator for CRC. Experiments both in vitro, including MTT assay, EdU cell proliferation assay, TUNEL assay, and clone formation assay and in vivo, using cell-derived xenograft models, were performed to elucidate the function of EFTUD2 in sensitivity of CRC cells to 5-FU treatment. The molecular mechanism on the reciprocal regulation between EFTUD2 and the oncogenic transcription factor c-MYC was investigated through molecular docking, ubiquitination assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), dual luciferase reporter assay, and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). RESULTS We found that EFTUD2 expression was positively correlated with 5-FU resistance, higher pathological grade, and poor prognosis in CRC patients. We also demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo that knockdown of EFTUD2 sensitized CRC cells to 5-FU treatment, whereas overexpression of EFTUD2 impaired such sensitivity. Mechanistically, we uncovered that EFTUD2 physically interacted with and stabilized c-MYC protein by preventing its ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. Intriguingly, we found that c-MYC directly bound to the promoter region of EFTUD2 gene, activating its transcription. Leveraging rescue experiments, we further confirmed that the effect of EFTUD2 on 5-FU resistance was dependent on c-MYC stabilization. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed a positive feedback loop involving an EFTUD2/c-MYC axis that hampers the efficacy of 5-FU chemotherapy in CRC cells by increasing EFTUD2 transcription and stabilizing c-MYC oncoprotein. This study highlights the potential of EFTUD2 as a promising therapeutic target to surmount chemotherapy resistance in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Zhu
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Changxue Li
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Digestive Diseases Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yunfei Gao
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Digestive Diseases Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Huaixiang Zhou
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Fanqin Bu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Digestive Diseases Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xinjun Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Yulong He
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
- Digestive Diseases Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Kaiming Wu
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
- Digestive Diseases Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Ningning Li
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
- China-UK Institute for Frontier Science, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Hongliang Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Lu M, Hu X, Cheng C, Zhang Y, Huang L, Kong X, Li Z, Zhang Q, Zhang Y. RPF2 mediates the CARM1‑MYCN axis to promote chemotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2024; 51:11. [PMID: 37997821 PMCID: PMC10696550 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome production factor 2 homolog (RPF2) plays an important role in the life processes of ribosomal biogenesis; however, the function and mechanism of RPF2 in tumors are unclear. The present study demonstrated that RPF2 expression is involved in chemoresistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. The current study demonstrated that upregulation of RPF2 expression in CRC promoted resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in CRC cells, whereas knockdown of RPF2 leads to increased sensitivity of CRC to chemotherapy. In addition, it was found that overexpression of RPF2 led to an increase in ATP‑binding cassette (ABC)B1 expression in CRC cells; accordingly, inhibition of RPF2 reduced the level of ABCB1 in CRC cells, thus suggesting that ABCB1 may be a downstream factor of RPF2 in the promotion of chemotherapy resistance to CRC. The results also suggested that the expression of N‑myc proto‑oncogene protein (MYCN), an upstream regulator of ABCB1, was affected by RPF2 in CRC cells. In addition, it was also found that the downstream protein coactivator‑associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) of RPF2 existed in direct binding to MYCN and this interaction was regulated by RPF2. The above results suggested that RPF2 is probably regulated ABCB1 expression in CRC through the CARM1‑MYCN pathway, thereby promoting CRC drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macheng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Xingqian Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Cong Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Longchang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Xuanwu, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Xiangpeng Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Zengyao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
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Zak T, Santana-Santos L, Gao J, Behdad A, Aqil B, Wolniak K, Lu X, Ji P, Chen Q, Chen YH, Karmali R, Sukhanova M. Prognostic significance of copy number gains of MYC detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in large B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2024; 65:26-36. [PMID: 37794791 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2264429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The MYC protooncogene plays a critical role in many cellular processes. MYC translocations are recurrent in large B-cell lymphomas (LBCLs) where they exhibit a negative effect on survival. Gain of MYC copies is also frequently identified; however, there is no consensus on the frequency and prognostic significance of MYC copy gains. We collected FISH data for MYC with reflex testing for BCL2 and BCL6 and IHC results at diagnosis for a cohort of 396 de novo and transformed LBCL cases and compared progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) to determine the prognostic impact of extra MYC copies. The prevalence of cases with MYC copy number gain was 20.9%. PFS was shorter for patients with ≥5 MYC copies compared to controls (p = 0.0005, HR = 2.25). .MYC gain trended towards worse OS; patients with ≥7MYC copies had worse OS (p = 0.013), similar to patients with MYC translocations. We propose that MYC gain represents a dose-dependent prognostic factor for LBCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Zak
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lucas Santana-Santos
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Juehua Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amir Behdad
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Barina Aqil
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristy Wolniak
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xinyan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Reem Karmali
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madina Sukhanova
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Liu G, Zhang X, Zhang N, Xiao H, Chen X, Ma L. Detecting Double Expression Status in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Using Multiparametric MRI Based Machine Learning. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:231-239. [PMID: 37199225 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Double expression lymphoma (DEL) is a subtype of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) that often has a poor prognosis. Currently, there are limited noninvasive ways to detect protein expression. PURPOSE To detect DEL in PCNSL using multiparametric MRI-based machine learning. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION Forty PCNSL patients were enrolled in the study among whom 17 were DEL (9 males and 8 females, 61.29 ± 14.14 years) and 23 were non-DEL (14 males and 9 females, 55.57 ± 14.16 years) with 59 lesions (28 DEL and 31 non-DEL). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE ADC map derived from DWI (b = 0/1000 s/mm2 ), fast spin echo T2WI, T2FLAIR, and contrast-enhanced T1 weighted imaging (T1CE) were collected at 3.0 T. ASSESSMENT Two raters manually segmented lesions by ITK-SNAP on ADC, T2WI, T2FLAIR and T1CE. A total of 2234 radiomics features from the tumor segmentation area were extracted. The t-test was conducted to filter the features, and elastic net regression algorithm combined with recursive feature elimination was used to calculate the essential features. Finally, 12 groups with combinations of different sequences were fitted to 6 classifiers, and the optimal models were selected. STATISTICAL TESTS Continuous variables were assessed by the t-test, while categorical variables were assessed by the non-parametric test. Interclass correlation coefficient tested variables' consistency. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate model performance. RESULTS DEL status could be identified to varying degrees with 72 models based on radiomics, and model performance could be improved by combining different sequences and classifiers. Both SVMlinear and logistic regression (LR) combined with four sequence group had similar largest AUCmean (0.92 ± 0.09 vs. 0.92 ± 0.05), and SVMlinear was considered as the optimal model in this study since the F1-score of SVMlinear (0.88) was higher than that of LR (0.83). DATA CONCLUSION Multiparametric MRI-based machine learning is promising in DEL detection. EVIDENCE LEVEL 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Liu
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huafeng Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjing Chen
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Merlini A, Rabino M, Brusco S, Pavese V, Masci D, Sangiolo D, Bironzo P, Scagliotti GV, Novello S, D'Ambrosio L. Epigenetic determinants in soft tissue sarcomas: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:17-28. [PMID: 38234142 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2306344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soft tissue sarcomas are a group of rare, mesenchymal tumors characterized by dismal prognosis in advanced/metastatic stages. Knowledge of their molecular determinants is still rather limited. However, in recent years, epigenetic regulation - the modification of gene expression/function without DNA sequence variation - has emerged as a key player both in sarcomagenesis and sarcoma progression. AREAS COVERED Herein, we describe and review the main epigenetic mechanisms involved in chromatin remodeling and their role as disease drivers in different soft tissue sarcoma histotypes, focusing on epithelioid sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Focusing on chromatin-remodeling complexes, we provide an in-depth on the role of BAF complex alterations in these soft tissue sarcoma histotypes. In parallel, we highlight current state-of-the-art and future perspectives in the development of rational, innovative treatments leveraging on epigenetic dysregulation in soft tissue sarcomas. EXPERT OPINION Therapeutic options for metastatic/advanced sarcomas are to date very limited and largely represented by cytotoxic agents, with only modest results. In the continuous attempt to find novel targets and innovative, effective drugs, epigenetic mechanisms represent an emerging and promising field of research, especially for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, epithelioid and synovial sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Rabino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Silvia Brusco
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research Royal Cancer Hospital, London, UK
| | - Valeria Pavese
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Debora Masci
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Paolo Bironzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
- Medical Oncology, S. Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Giorgio Vittorio Scagliotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
- Medical Oncology, S. Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Silvia Novello
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
- Medical Oncology, S. Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Lorenzo D'Ambrosio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
- Medical Oncology, S. Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano (TO), Italy
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Ren X, Yang H, Nierenberg JL, Sun Y, Chen J, Beaman C, Pham T, Nobuhara M, Takagi MA, Narayan V, Li Y, Ziv E, Shen Y. High-throughput PRIME-editing screens identify functional DNA variants in the human genome. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4633-4645.e9. [PMID: 38134886 PMCID: PMC10766087 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite tremendous progress in detecting DNA variants associated with human disease, interpreting their functional impact in a high-throughput and single-base resolution manner remains challenging. Here, we develop a pooled prime-editing screen method, PRIME, that can be applied to characterize thousands of coding and non-coding variants in a single experiment with high reproducibility. To showcase its applications, we first identified essential nucleotides for a 716 bp MYC enhancer via PRIME-mediated single-base resolution analysis. Next, we applied PRIME to functionally characterize 1,304 genome-wide association study (GWAS)-identified non-coding variants associated with breast cancer and 3,699 variants from ClinVar. We discovered that 103 non-coding variants and 156 variants of uncertain significance are functional via affecting cell fitness. Collectively, we demonstrate that PRIME is capable of characterizing genetic variants at single-base resolution and scale, advancing accurate genome annotation for disease risk prediction, diagnosis, and therapeutic target identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Ren
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Han Yang
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jovia L Nierenberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yifan Sun
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cooper Beaman
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thu Pham
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mai Nobuhara
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maya Asami Takagi
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Narayan
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elad Ziv
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yin Shen
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Kubickova A, De Sanctis JB, Hajduch M. Isoform-Directed Control of c-Myc Functions: Understanding the Balance from Proliferation to Growth Arrest. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17524. [PMID: 38139353 PMCID: PMC10743581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor c-Myc, a key regulator of cellular processes, has long been associated with roles in cell proliferation and apoptosis. This review analyses the multiple functions of c-Myc by examining the different c-Myc isoforms in detail. The impact of different c-Myc isoforms, in particular p64 and p67, on fundamental biological processes remains controversial. It is necessary to investigate the different isoforms in the context of proto-oncogenesis. The current knowledge base suggests that neoplastic lesions may possess the means for self-destruction via increased c-Myc activity. This review presents the most relevant information on the c-Myc locus and focuses on a number of isoforms, including p64 and p67. This compilation provides a basis for the development of therapeutic approaches that target the potent growth arresting and pro-apoptotic functions of c-Myc. This information can then be used to develop targeted interventions against specific isoforms with the aim of shifting the oncogenic effects of c-Myc from pro-proliferative to pro-apoptotic. The research summarised in this review can deepen our understanding of how c-Myc activity contributes to different cellular responses, which will be crucial in developing effective therapeutic strategies; for example, isoform-specific approaches may allow for precise modulation of c-Myc function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kubickova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.B.D.S.)
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Juan Bautista De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.B.D.S.)
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.B.D.S.)
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Bi X, Zhang M, Zhou J, Yan X, Cheng L, Luo L, Huang C, Yin Z. Phosphorylated Hsp27 promotes adriamycin resistance in breast cancer cells through regulating dual phosphorylation of c-Myc. Cell Signal 2023; 112:110913. [PMID: 37797796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance of breast cancer cells is one of the major factors affecting patient survival rate. Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is a member of the small heat shock protein family that has been reported to be associated with chemotherapy resistance in tumor cells, but the exact mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we explored the regulation of Hsp27 in adriamycin-resistant pathological conditions of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. We found that overexpression of Hsp27 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells reversed DNA damage induced by adriamycin, and thereby reduced subsequent cell apoptosis. Non-phosphorylated Hsp27 accelerated ubiquitin-mediated degradation of c-Myc under normal physiological conditions. After stimulation with adriamycin, Hsp27 was phosphorylated and translocated from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, where phosphorylated Hsp27 upregulated c-Myc and Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 (NBS1) protein levels thus leading to ATM activation. We further showed that phosphorylated Hsp27 promoted c-Myc nuclear import and stabilization by regulating T58/S62 phosphorylation of c-Myc through a protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-dependent mechanism. Collectively, the data presented in this study demonstrate that Hsp27, in its phosphorylation state, plays a critical role in adriamycin-resistant pathological conditions of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Bi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Jinyi Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xintong Yan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixia Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chunhong Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Zhimin Yin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
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Guo H, Zhang WX, Zhang QY, Li M, Wang HY, Li D, Liu J, Zhuo Z, He J, Miao L, Xia H. MUC15 is an independent prognostic factor that promotes metastases of MYCN non-amplified neuroblastoma. J Cancer 2023; 14:3496-3507. [PMID: 38021164 PMCID: PMC10647185 DOI: 10.7150/jca.89360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is a cancer that arises from neural-crest-derived sympathoadrenal lineage. Less is known about the pathogenesis and molecular characteristics of MYCN non-amplified (MYCN-NA) NB. Methods: We constructed a signature model targeting mucin family according to RNA sequencing data from GSE49710 dataset, and validated the prognostic performance. We also analyzed the gene expression matrix using DESeq2 R packages to screen the most differential mucin in high-risk NB samples. We further assessed its prognostic value, particularly in MYCN-NA NB samples. Moreover, we performed functional experiments to evaluate the impact of MUC15 overexpression on the migration of MYCN-NA NB cell lines. Results: The 8-mucin signature model showed good prognostic performance in the GSE49710 dataset. Among the mucin genes, MUC15 was significantly upregulated in the high-risk NB cohort and was associated with poor prognosis, especially in MYCN-NA NB samples. Furthermore, MUC15 overexpression and exogenous MUC15 protein enhanced the migration of MYCN-NA NB cell lines. Mechanistically, MUC15 promoted the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) by inhibiting the expression of MYCT1, a target of c-Myc. Conclusions: Our findings suggested a potential network in controlling NB cell metastasis. Targeting MUC15 in MYCN-NA NB patients could be a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Guo
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Xin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiu-yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Yun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiabin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenjian Zhuo
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Miao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Huimin Xia
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
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Nishio Y, Kato K, Tran Mau-Them F, Futagawa H, Quélin C, Masuda S, Vitobello A, Otsuji S, Shawki HH, Oishi H, Thauvin-Robinet C, Takenouchi T, Kosaki K, Takahashi Y, Saitoh S. Gain-of-function MYCN causes a megalencephaly-polydactyly syndrome manifesting mirror phenotypes of Feingold syndrome. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100238. [PMID: 37710961 PMCID: PMC10550848 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
MYCN, a member of the MYC proto-oncogene family, regulates cell growth and proliferation. Somatic mutations of MYCN are identified in various tumors, and germline loss-of-function variants are responsible for Feingold syndrome, characterized by microcephaly. In contrast, one megalencephalic patient with a gain-of-function variant in MYCN, p.Thr58Met, has been reported, and additional patients and pathophysiological analysis are required to establish the disease entity. Herein, we report two unrelated megalencephalic patients with polydactyly harboring MYCN variants of p.Pro60Leu and Thr58Met, along with the analysis of gain-of-function and loss-of-function Mycn mouse models. Functional analyses for MYCN-Pro60Leu and MYCN-Thr58Met revealed decreased phosphorylation at Thr58, which reduced protein degradation mediated by FBXW7 ubiquitin ligase. The gain-of-function mouse model recapitulated the human phenotypes of megalencephaly and polydactyly, while brain analyses revealed excess proliferation of intermediate neural precursors during neurogenesis, which we determined to be the pathomechanism underlying megalencephaly. Interestingly, the kidney and female reproductive tract exhibited overt morphological anomalies, possibly as a result of excess proliferation during organogenesis. In conclusion, we confirm an MYCN gain-of-function-induced megalencephaly-polydactyly syndrome, which shows a mirror phenotype of Feingold syndrome, and reveal that MYCN plays a crucial proliferative role, not only in the context of tumorigenesis, but also organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Nishio
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kohji Kato
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Frederic Tran Mau-Them
- Unité Fonctionnelle 6254 d'Innovation en Diagnostique Génomique des Maladies Rares, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21070 Dijon, France; INSERM UMR1231 GAD, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Hiroshi Futagawa
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo 183-8561, Japan
| | - Chloé Quélin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CLAD Ouest, CHU Rennes, Hôpital Sud, 35200 Rennes, France
| | - Saori Masuda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo 183-8561, Japan
| | - Antonio Vitobello
- Unité Fonctionnelle 6254 d'Innovation en Diagnostique Génomique des Maladies Rares, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21070 Dijon, France; INSERM UMR1231 GAD, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Shiomi Otsuji
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hossam H Shawki
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hisashi Oishi
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- Unité Fonctionnelle 6254 d'Innovation en Diagnostique Génomique des Maladies Rares, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21070 Dijon, France; INSERM UMR1231 GAD, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre de Référence Maladies Rares "Anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs", Centre de Génétique, FHU TRANSLAD et Institut GIMI, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21070 Dijon, France
| | - Toshiki Takenouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Shinji Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
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Papadopoulos D, Uhl L, Ha SA, Eilers M. Beyond gene expression: how MYC relieves transcription stress. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:805-816. [PMID: 37422352 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
MYC oncoproteins are key drivers of tumorigenesis. As transcription factors, MYC proteins regulate transcription by all three nuclear polymerases and gene expression. Accumulating evidence shows that MYC proteins are also crucial for enhancing the stress resilience of transcription. MYC proteins relieve torsional stress caused by active transcription, prevent collisions between the transcription and replication machineries, resolve R-loops, and repair DNA damage by participating in a range of protein complexes and forming multimeric structures at sites of genomic instability. We review the key complexes and multimerization properties of MYC proteins that allow them to mitigate transcription-associated DNA damage, and propose that the oncogenic functions of MYC extend beyond the modulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Papadopoulos
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Uhl
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Anh Ha
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Eilers
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Cui Z, Zou F, Wang R, Wang L, Cheng F, Wang L, Pan R, Guan X, Zheng N, Wang W. Integrative bioinformatics analysis of WDHD1: a potential biomarker for pan-cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and immunotherapy. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:309. [PMID: 37759234 PMCID: PMC10523704 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although WD repeat and high-mobility group box DNA binding protein 1 (WDHD1) played an essential role in DNA replication, chromosome stability, and DNA damage repair, the panoramic picture of WDHD1 in human tumors remains unclear. Hence, this study aims to comprehensively characterize WDHD1 across 33 human cancers. METHODS Based on publicly available databases such as TCGA, GTEx, and HPA, we used a bioinformatics approach to systematically explore the genomic features and biological functions of WDHD1 in pan-cancer. RESULTS WDHD1 mRNA levels were significantly increased in more than 20 types of tumor tissues. Elevated WDHD1 expression was associated with significantly shorter overall survival (OS) in 10 tumors. Furthermore, in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) and liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), WDHD1 expression was significantly associated with higher histological grades and pathological stages. In addition, WDHD1 had a high diagnostic value among 16 tumors (area under the ROC curve [AUC] > 0.9). Functional enrichment analyses suggested that WDHD1 probably participated in many oncogenic pathways such as E2F and MYC targets (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05), and it was involved in the processes of DNA replication and DNA damage repair (p.adjust < 0.05). WDHD1 expression also correlated with the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of rapamycin (4 out of 10 cancers) and paclitaxel (10 out of 10 cancers). Overall, WDHD1 was negatively associated with immune cell infiltration and might promote tumor immune escape. Our analysis of genomic alterations suggested that WDHD1 was altered in 1.5% of pan-cancer cohorts and the "mutation" was the predominant type of alteration. Finally, through correlation analysis, we found that WDHD1 might be closely associated with tumor heterogeneity, tumor stemness, mismatch repair (MMR), and RNA methylation modification, which were all processes associated with the tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS Our pan-cancer analysis of WDHD1 provides valuable insights into the genomic characterization and biological functions of WDHD1 in human cancers and offers some theoretical support for the future use of WDHD1-targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and chemotherapeutic combinations for the management of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Zou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Rongli Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feiyan Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rumeng Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nini Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Xie X, Yu T, Li X, Zhang N, Foster LJ, Peng C, Huang W, He G. Recent advances in targeting the "undruggable" proteins: from drug discovery to clinical trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:335. [PMID: 37669923 PMCID: PMC10480221 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Undruggable proteins are a class of proteins that are often characterized by large, complex structures or functions that are difficult to interfere with using conventional drug design strategies. Targeting such undruggable targets has been considered also a great opportunity for treatment of human diseases and has attracted substantial efforts in the field of medicine. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the recent development of drug discovery targeting "undruggable" proteins and their application in clinic. To make this review well organized, we discuss the design strategies targeting the undruggable proteins, including covalent regulation, allosteric inhibition, protein-protein/DNA interaction inhibition, targeted proteins regulation, nucleic acid-based approach, immunotherapy and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tingting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China.
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Liu T, Han S, Yao Y, Zhang G. Role of Human Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 (hMCT1) and 4 (hMCT4) in Tumor Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:957-975. [PMID: 37693221 PMCID: PMC10487743 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s421771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the abnormal glucose metabolism of tumor cells has attracted increasing attention. Abnormal glucose metabolism is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) transport the sugar metabolites lactic acid and pyruvate, which affect glucose metabolism and tumor progression in a variety of ways. Thus, research has recently focused on MCTs and their potential functions in cancer. The MCT superfamily consists of 14 members. MCT1 and MCT4 play a crucial role in the maintenance of intracellular pH in tumor cells by transporting monocarboxylic acids (such as lactate, pyruvate and butyrate). MCT1 and MCT4 are highly expressed in a variety of tumor cells and are involved the proliferation, invasion and migration of tumor cells, which are closely related to the prognosis of cancer. Because of their important functions in tumor cells, MCT1 and MCT4 have become potential targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we focus on the structure, function and regulation of MCT1 and MCT4 and discuss the developed inhibitors of MCT1 and MCT4 to provide more comprehensive information that might aid in the development of strategies targeting MCTs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangcong Han
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guiming Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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50
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Xu J, Sun Y, Fu W, Fu S. MYCT1 in cancer development: Gene structure, regulation, and biological implications for diagnosis and treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115208. [PMID: 37499454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myc target 1 (MYCT1), located at 6q25.2, is a crucial player in cancer development. While widely distributed in cells, its subcellular localization varies across different cancer types. As a novel c-Myc target gene, MYCT1 is subject to regulation by multiple transcription factors. Studies have revealed aberrant expression of MYCT1 in various cancers, impacting pivotal biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, genomic instability, and differentiation in cancer cells. Additionally, MYCT1 plays a critical role in modulating tumor angiogenesis and remodeling tumor immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. Despite certain debated functions, MYCT1 undeniably holds significance in cancer development. In this review, we comprehensively examine the relationship between MYCT1 and cancer, encompassing gene structure, regulation of gene expression, gene mutation, and biological function, with the aim of providing valuable insights for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Xu
- Department of Medical genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Medical genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, PR China
| | - Weineng Fu
- Department of Medical genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, PR China
| | - Shuang Fu
- Department of Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, PR China; Department of Medical genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, PR China.
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