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Robert M, Miossec P. [IL-17A and IL-17F: from discovery to target of biologics - an illustrative example of translational research]. Biol Aujourdhui 2024; 218:33-39. [PMID: 39007775 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2024004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17A and then IL-17F have been discovered through their roles in chronic inflammatory diseases. These cytokines share 50% of sequence homology and bind to the same receptor made of the IL-17RA et IL-17RC chains. While they have rather similar pro-inflammatory effects, slight differences exist depending on the cell type considered or whether there is TNF or not. Indeed, there is a synergistic effect of TNF and IL-17A or IL-17F on many cell types. In addition, the interactions between immune and stromal cells also modulate their effects which vary according to stromal cell subtype. The identification of IL-17A and IL-17F roles in inflammatory diseases, as psoriasis, has led to the development of inhibitors of those cytokines. Anti-IL-17A, then anti-IL-17A/F and now anti-IL-17RA have been approved for different diseases and are particularly efficient in psoriasis. Their use is expending to other diseases like psoriatic arthritis and spondyloarthritis. Last, the recent understanding of the importance of stromal cells during chronic inflammation explains the relative inefficacy of such inhibitors in some other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Robert
- Département d'immunologie clinique et de rhumatologie, Unité immunogénomique et inflammation, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Département d'immunologie clinique et de rhumatologie, Unité immunogénomique et inflammation, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
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2
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Haloi P, Choudhary R, Lokesh BS, Konkimalla VB. Dual drug nanoparticle synergistically induced apoptosis, suppressed inflammation, and protected autophagic response in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Immunol Lett 2024; 267:106854. [PMID: 38537719 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune-mediated joint inflammatory disorder associated with aberrant activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Recently, FLS gained importance due to its crucial role in RA pathogenesis, and thus, targeting FLS is suggested as an attractive treatment strategy for RA. FLS-targeted approaches may be combined with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and natural phytochemicals to improve efficacy in RA control and negate immunosuppression. In this study, we assessed the therapeutic effectiveness of DD NP HG in primary RA-FLS cells isolated from the synovial tissue of FCA-induced RA rats. We observed that DD NP HG had good biosafety for healthy FLS cells and, at higher concentrations, a mild inhibitory effect on RA-FLS. The combination therapy (DD NP HG) of MTX NP and PEITC NE in RA-FLS showed a higher rate of apoptosis with significantly reduced LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-17A, and IL-6) in arthritic FLS. Further, the gene expression studies showed that DD NP HG significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of IL-1β, RANKL, NFATc1, DKK1, Bcl-xl, Mcl-1, Atg12, and ULK1, and up-regulated the mRNA expression of OPG, PUMA, NOXA and SQSTM1 in LPS-stimulated RA-FLS cells. Collectively, our results demonstrated that DD NP HG significantly inhibited the RA-FLS proliferation via inducing apoptosis, down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and further enhancing the expression of genes associated with bone destruction in RA pathogenesis. A nanotechnology approach is a promising strategy for the co-delivery of dual drugs to regulate the RA-FLS function and achieve synergistic treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Haloi
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Rajat Choudhary
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - B Siva Lokesh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - V Badireenath Konkimalla
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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Beaumont RE, Smith EJ, Zhou L, Marr N, Thorpe CT, Guest DJ. Exogenous interleukin-1 beta stimulation regulates equine tenocyte function and gene expression in three-dimensional culture which can be rescued by pharmacological inhibition of interleukin 1 receptor, but not nuclear factor kappa B, signaling. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1059-1078. [PMID: 37314623 PMCID: PMC11116237 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) impacts equine tenocyte function and global gene expression in vitro and determined if these effects could be rescued by pharmacologically inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-KB) or interleukin 1 signalling. Equine superficial digital flexor tenocytes were cultured in three-dimensional (3D) collagen gels and stimulated with IL-1β for two-weeks, with gel contraction and interleukin 6 (IL6) measured throughout and transcriptomic analysis performed at day 14. The impact of three NF-KB inhibitors on gel contraction and IL6 secretion were measured in 3D culture, with NF-KB-P65 nuclear translocation by immunofluorescence and gene expression by qPCR measured in two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture. In addition, daily 3D gel contraction and transcriptomic analysis was performed on interleukin 1 receptor antagonist-treated 3D gels at day 14. IL-1β increased NF-KB-P65 nuclear translocation in 2D culture and IL6 secretion in 3D culture, but reduced daily tenocyte 3D gel contraction and impacted > 2500 genes at day 14, with enrichment for NF-KB signaling. Administering direct pharmacological inhibitors of NF-KB did reduce NF-KB-P65 nuclear translocation, but had no effect on 3D gel contraction or IL6 secretion in the presence of IL-1β. However, IL1Ra restored 3D gel contraction and partially rescued global gene expression. Tenocyte 3D gel contraction and gene expression is adversely impacted by IL-1β which can only be rescued by blockade of interleukin 1 receptor, but not NF-KB, signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Eric Beaumont
- Clinical Sciences and Service, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK.
| | - Emily Josephine Smith
- Clinical Sciences and Service, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
| | - Lexin Zhou
- Clinical Sciences and Service, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
| | - Neil Marr
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Chavaunne T Thorpe
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Deborah Jane Guest
- Clinical Sciences and Service, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
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4
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Sandström A, Torrado-Carvajal A, Morrissey EJ, Kim M, Alshelh Z, Zhu Y, Li MD, Chang CY, Jarraya M, Akeju O, Schrepf A, Harris RE, Kwon YM, Bedair H, Chen AF, Mercaldo ND, Kettner N, Napadow V, Toschi N, Edwards RR, Loggia ML. [ 11 C]-PBR28 positron emission tomography signal as an imaging marker of joint inflammation in knee osteoarthritis. Pain 2024; 165:1121-1130. [PMID: 38015622 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although inflammation is known to play a role in knee osteoarthritis (KOA), inflammation-specific imaging is not routinely performed. In this article, we evaluate the role of joint inflammation, measured using [ 11 C]-PBR28, a radioligand for the inflammatory marker 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), in KOA. Twenty-one KOA patients and 11 healthy controls (HC) underwent positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) knee imaging with the TSPO ligand [ 11 C]-PBR28. Standardized uptake values were extracted from regions-of-interest (ROIs) semiautomatically segmented from MRI data, and compared across groups (HC, KOA) and subgroups (unilateral/bilateral KOA symptoms), across knees (most vs least painful), and against clinical variables (eg, pain and Kellgren-Lawrence [KL] grades). Overall, KOA patients demonstrated elevated [ 11 C]-PBR28 binding across all knee ROIs, compared with HC (all P 's < 0.005). Specifically, PET signal was significantly elevated in both knees in patients with bilateral KOA symptoms (both P 's < 0.01), and in the symptomatic knee ( P < 0.05), but not the asymptomatic knee ( P = 0.95) of patients with unilateral KOA symptoms. Positron emission tomography signal was higher in the most vs least painful knee ( P < 0.001), and the difference in pain ratings across knees was proportional to the difference in PET signal ( r = 0.74, P < 0.001). Kellgren-Lawrence grades neither correlated with PET signal (left knee r = 0.32, P = 0.19; right knee r = 0.18, P = 0.45) nor pain ( r = 0.39, P = 0.07). The current results support further exploration of [ 11 C]-PBR28 PET signal as an imaging marker candidate for KOA and a link between joint inflammation and osteoarthritis-related pain severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Sandström
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Angel Torrado-Carvajal
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Medical Image Analysis and Biometry Laboratory, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erin J Morrissey
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Minhae Kim
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zeynab Alshelh
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yehui Zhu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matthew D Li
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Connie Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mohamed Jarraya
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Oluwaseun Akeju
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrew Schrepf
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Richard E Harris
- Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine CA, United States
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Young-Min Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hany Bedair
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Antonia F Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nathaniel D Mercaldo
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Norman Kettner
- Department of Radiology, Logan University, Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Vitaly Napadow
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome, "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Robert R Edwards
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marco L Loggia
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Robert M, Miossec P. Structural cell heterogeneity underlies the differential contribution of IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-23 to joint versus skin chronic inflammation. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103529. [PMID: 38492906 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The current therapeutic strategy used in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) primarily targets immune cells or associated-pathways. However, recent evidence suggests that the microenvironment modulates immune cell development and responses. During inflammation, structural cells acquire a pathogenetic phenotype and the interactions with immune cells are often greatly modified. Understanding the importance of these tissue-specific interactions may allow to explain why some biologics are effective in some IMIDs but not in others. The differential effects of interleukin (IL)-17 A, IL-17F and IL-23 in joint versus skin inflammation depends on structural cell heterogeneity. In addition, the sometimes opposite effects of immune/structural cell interactions on the production of these cytokines illustrate the importance of these cells in chronic inflammation, using the examples of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and spondyloarthritis. This review describes these concepts, shows their interests through clinical observations, and finally discusses strategies to optimize therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Robert
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Yuan Z, Jiang D, Yang M, Tao J, Hu X, Yang X, Zeng Y. Emerging Roles of Macrophage Polarization in Osteoarthritis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Orthop Surg 2024; 16:532-550. [PMID: 38296798 PMCID: PMC10925521 DOI: 10.1111/os.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic degenerative joint disease in middle-aged and elderly people, characterized by joint pain and dysfunction. Macrophages are key players in OA pathology, and their activation state has been studied extensively. Various studies have suggested that macrophages might respond to stimuli in their microenvironment by changing their phenotypes to pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes, which is called macrophage polarization. Macrophages accumulate and become polarized (M1 or M2) in many tissues, such as synovium, adipose tissue, bone marrow, and bone mesenchymal tissues in joints, while resident macrophages as well as other stromal cells, including fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts, form the joint and function as an integrated unit. In this study, we focus exclusively on synovial macrophages, adipose tissue macrophages, and osteoclasts, to investigate their roles in the development of OA. We review recent key findings related to macrophage polarization and OA, including pathogenesis, molecular pathways, and therapeutics. We summarize several signaling pathways in macrophage reprogramming related to OA, including NF-κB, MAPK, TGF-β, JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and NLRP3. Of note, despite the increasing availability of treatments for osteoarthritis, like intra-articular injections, surgery, and cellular therapy, the demand for more effective clinical therapies has remained steady. Therefore, we also describe the current prospective therapeutic methods that deem macrophage polarization to be a therapeutic target, including physical stimulus, chemical compounds, and biological molecules, to enhance cartilage repair and alleviate the progression of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimu Yuan
- West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Decheng Jiang
- West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Mengzhu Yang
- West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jie Tao
- West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xin Hu
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of OrthopedicsWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yi Zeng
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of OrthopedicsWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Zhou Y, Cao T, Li Z, Qiao H, Dang E, Shao S, Wang G. Fibroblasts in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: The soil of inflammation. Clin Immunol 2024; 258:109849. [PMID: 38008146 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most abundant stromal cells, fibroblasts are primarily responsible for the production and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Traditionally, fibroblasts have been viewed as quiescent cells. However, recent advances in multi-omics technologies have demonstrated that fibroblasts exhibit remarkable functional diversity at the single-cell level. Additionally, fibroblasts are heterogeneous in their origins, tissue locations, and transitions with stromal cells. The dynamic nature of fibroblasts is further underscored by the fact that disease stages can impact their heterogeneity and behavior, particularly in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Fibroblasts can actively contribute to the disease initiation, progression, and relapse by responding to local microenvironmental signals, secreting downstream inflammatory factors, and interacting with immune cells during the pathological process. Here we focus on the development, plasticity, and heterogeneity of fibroblasts in inflammation, emphasizing the need for a developmental and dynamic perspective on fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China
| | - Tianyu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China
| | - Hongjiang Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China.
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Ju J, Ma M, Zhang Y, Ding Z, Chen J. State transition and intercellular communication of synovial fibroblasts in response to chronic and acute shoulder injuries unveiled by single-cell transcriptomic analyses. Connect Tissue Res 2024; 65:73-87. [PMID: 38090785 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2023.2295322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the heterogeneity of synovial fibroblasts and their potential to undergo cell state transitions at the resolution of single cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) approach to comprehensively map the cellular landscape of the shoulder synovium in individuals with chronic rotator cuff tears (RCTs) and acute proximal humerus fractures (PHFs). Utilizing unbiased clustering analysis, we successfully identified distinct subpopulations of fibroblasts within the synovial environment. We utilized Monocle 3 to delineate the trajectory of synovial fibroblast state transition. And we used CellPhone DB v2.1.0 to predict cell-cell communication patterns within the synovial microenvironment. RESULTS We identified eight main cell clusters in the shoulder synovium. Unbiased clustering analysis identified four synovial fibroblast subpopulations, with diverse biological functions associated with protein secretion, ECM remodeling, inflammation regulation and cell division. Lining, mesenchymal, pro-inflammatory and proliferative fibroblasts subsets were identified. Combining the results from StemID and characteristic gene features, mesenchymal fibroblasts exhibited characteristics of fibroblast progenitor cells. The trajectory of synovial fibroblast state transition showed a transition from mesenchymal to pro-inflammatory and lining phenotypes. In addition, the cross talk between fibroblast subclusters increased in degenerative shoulder diseases compared to acute trauma. CONCLUSION We successfully generated the scRNA-seq transcriptomic atlas of the shoulder synovium, which provides a comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneity of synovial fibroblasts, their potential to undergo state transitions, and their intercellular communication in the context of chronic degenerative and acute traumatic shoulder diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Ju
- Department of Trauma & Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingtai Ma
- Department of Trauma & Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yichong Zhang
- Department of Trauma & Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhentao Ding
- Department of Trauma & Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhai Chen
- Department of Trauma & Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wu XN, Gao ZW, Yang L, Zhang J, Liu C, Zhang HZ, Dong K. CD5L aggravates rheumatoid arthritis progression via promoting synovial fibroblasts proliferation and activity. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:317-327. [PMID: 37191481 PMCID: PMC10571003 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with progressive cartilage erosion and joint destruction. Synovial fibroblasts (SFs) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of RA. This study aims to explore the function and mechanism of CD5L during RA progression. We examined the levels of CD5L in synovial tissues and SFs. The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat models were used to investigate the effect of CD5L on RA progression. We also investigated the effects of exogenous CD5L on the behavior and activity of RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). Our results showed that CD5L expression was significantly upregulated in synovium of RA patients and CIA-rats. Histology and Micro-CT analysis showed that synovial inflammation and bone destruction were more severe in CD5L-treated CIA rats compared with control rats. Correspondingly, CD5L blockade alleviated bone damage and synovial inflammation in CIA-rats. The exogenous CD5L treatment promoted RASFs proliferation invasion and proinflammatory cytokine production. Knockdown of CD5L receptor by siRNA significantly reversed the effect of CD5L treatment on RASFs. Moreover, we observed that CD5L treatment potentiated PI3K/Akt signaling in the RASFs. The promoted effects of CD5L on IL-6 and IL-8 expression were significantly reversed by PI3K/Akt signaling inhibitor. In conclusion, CD5L promote RA disease progression via activating RASFs. CD5L blocking is a potential therapeutic approach for RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Nan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhao-Wei Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hui-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Lin W, Liu Y, Zhang S, Xu S, Qiu Q, Wang C, Liu D, Shen C, Xu M, Shi M, Xiao Y, Chen G, Xu H, Liang L. Schisandrin treatment suppresses the proliferation, migration, invasion, and inflammatory responses of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients and attenuates synovial inflammation and joint destruction in CIA mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110502. [PMID: 37390648 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease causing joint dysfunction. As disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have poor efficacy in 20% to 25% of RA patients, additional novel RA medications are urgently needed. Schisandrin (SCH) has multiple therapeutic effects. However, whether SCH is effective against RA remains unknown. PURPOSE To investigate how SCH affects the abnormal behaviours of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and further elucidate the underlying mechanism of SCH in RA FLSs and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assays were used to characterize cell viability. EdU assays were performed to assess cell proliferation. Annexin V-APC/PI assays were used to determine apoptosis. Transwell chamber assays were used to measure cell migration and invasion in vitro. RT-qPCR was used to assess proinflammatory cytokine and MMP mRNA expression. Western blotting was used to detect protein expression. RNA sequencing was performed to explore the potential downstream targets of SCH. CIA model mice were used to assess the treatment efficacy of SCH in vivo. RESULTS Treatments with SCH (50, 100, and 200 μΜ) inhibited RA FLSs proliferation, migration, invasion, and TNF-α-induced IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2 expression in a dose-dependent manner but did not affect RA FLSs viability or apoptosis. RNA sequencing and Reactome enrichment analysis indicated that SREBF1 might be the downstream target in SCH treatment. Furthermore, knockdown of SREBF1 exerted effects similar to those of SCH in inhibiting RA FLSs proliferation, migration, invasion, and TNF-α-induced expression of IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2. Both SCH treatment and SREBF1 knockdown decreased activation of the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signalling pathways. Moreover, SCH ameliorated joint inflammation and cartilage and bone destruction in CIA model mice. CONCLUSION SCH controls the pathogenic behaviours of RA FLSs by targeting SREBF1-mediated activation of the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signalling pathways. Our data suggest that SCH inhibits FLS-mediated synovial inflammation and joint damage and that SCH might have therapeutic potential for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Yingli Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Shuoyang Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Siqi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Qian Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Chuyu Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Meilin Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Maohua Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong China
| | - Youjun Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong China.
| | - Hanshi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China.
| | - Liuqin Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China.
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11
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Mimpen JY, Hedley R, Ridley A, Baldwin MJ, Windell D, Bhalla A, Ramos-Mucci L, Buckley CD, Coles MC, Alvand A, Price AJ, Carr AJ, Dakin SG, Snelling SJB. Cellular characterisation of advanced osteoarthritis knee synovium. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:154. [PMID: 37612718 PMCID: PMC10463598 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoarthritis (OA) is increasingly recognised as a whole joint disease, with an important role for synovium. However, the repertoire of immune cells and fibroblasts that constitute OA synovium remains understudied. This study aims to characterise the cellular composition of advanced OA synovium and to explore potential correlations between different cell types and patient demographics or clinical scores. METHODS Synovium, collected from 10 patients with advanced OA during total knee replacement surgery, was collagenase-digested, and cells were stained for flow cytometry analysis. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded synovium was sectioned, stained with immunofluorescence, and imaged using the multiplex Cell DIVE platform. Patient demographics and clinical scores were also collected. RESULTS The proportion of immune cells in OA synovium varied between patients (8-38% of all cells). Macrophages and T cells were the dominant immune cell populations, together representing 76% of immune cells. Age positively correlated with the proportion of macrophages, and negatively correlated with T cells. CCR6+ T cells were found in 6/10 patients; these patients had a higher mean Kellgren-Lawrence grade across the three knee compartments. Immunofluorescence staining showed that macrophages were present in the lining as well as distributed throughout the sublining, while T and B cells were mainly localised near vessels in the sublining. Fibroblast subsets (CD45-PDPN+) based on the expression of CD34/CD90 or FAP/CD90 were identified in all patient samples, and some populations correlate with the percentage of immune cells or clinical scores. Immunofluorescence staining showed that FAP expression was particularly strong in the lining layer, but also present throughout the sublining layer. CD90 expression was exclusively found around vessels in the sublining, while CD34 was mostly found in the sublining but also occasionally in the lining layer. CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences in the relative proportions and subsets of immune cells in OA synovium; exploratory correlative analyses suggest that these differences might be correlated with age, clinical scores, or fibroblast subsets. Additional studies are required to understand how different cell types affect OA pathobiology, and if the presence or proportion of cell subsets relates to disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolet Y Mimpen
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Robert Hedley
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Ridley
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mathew J Baldwin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dylan Windell
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ananya Bhalla
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lorenzo Ramos-Mucci
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark C Coles
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Abtin Alvand
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Price
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Carr
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie G Dakin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah J B Snelling
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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12
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Palomino Lago E, Jelbert ER, Baird A, Lam PY, Guest DJ. Equine induced pluripotent stem cells are responsive to inflammatory cytokines before and after differentiation into musculoskeletal cell types. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:514-527. [PMID: 37582999 PMCID: PMC10520172 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Persistent inflammation is associated with the poor regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have an attenuated response to inflammatory cytokines, but there are mixed reports on the response of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to inflammation. Horses provide a relevant large animal model for studying musculoskeletal tissue diseases and the testing of novel therapies. The aim of this study was to determine if equine iPSCs are responsive to the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNFα and IFN-γ in their undifferentiated state, or following differentiation into tendon and cartilage-like cells. We demonstrated that in undifferentiated iPSCs, the cytokines induce NF-κB P65 and STAT1 nuclear translocation which leads to cell death, decreased OCT4 expression and increased expression of inflammatory genes. Following differentiation towards cartilage-like cells exposure to the cytokines resulted in STAT1 nuclear translocation, changes in cartilage gene expression and increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammatory genes. Exposure of iPSC-derived tendon-like cells to the cytokines resulted nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65 and STAT1, altered tendon gene expression, increased MMP expression and increased expression of inflammatory genes. Equine iPSCs are therefore capable of responding to inflammatory stimulation and this may have relevance for their future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Palomino Lago
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Jelbert
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
| | - Arabella Baird
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - Pak Y Lam
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
| | - Deborah J Guest
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK.
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13
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Ríos Luna A, Fahandezh-Saddi Díaz H, Villanueva Martínez M, Iglesias R, Prado R, Padilla S, Anitua E. Office-Based Intraosseous Infiltrations of PRGF as an Effective Treatment for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Retrospective Observational Clinical Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4512. [PMID: 37445547 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore and assess office-based ultrasound-guided intraosseous and intra-articular infiltrations of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) in patients with moderate and severe knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Seventy-nine patients (30 women and 49 men) with grade 3-4 KOA according to the Kellgren-Lawrence classification participated in the study. All patients were treated with a minimally invasive technique using local anesthesia WALANT (wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet) in the ambulatory setting. A PRGF intra-articular infiltration and two intraosseous infiltrations in the tibial plateau and femoral condyle were performed weekly for a total of three sessions. The evaluation of the results was carried out using knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) at baseline and post-treatment. After a follow-up period of 11 months (median) [interquartile range, 7-14], all the KOOS domains showed statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001). Moreover, 88% of the patients showed a pain reduction of at least 10 points (minimally clinically important improvement) from pre- to post-treatment. Our retrospective study using the in-office procedure of ultrasound-guided combination of intra-articular and intraosseous infiltrations of PRGF is a safe and efficacious approach for the treatment of grade 3-4 knee osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ríos Luna
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, Clínica Orthoindal, 04004 Almería, Spain
| | | | | | - Roberto Iglesias
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, Clínica Orthoindal, 04004 Almería, Spain
| | - Roberto Prado
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, BTI-Biotechnology Institute I MAS D, 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Sabino Padilla
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, BTI-Biotechnology Institute I MAS D, 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Eduardo Anitua
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, BTI-Biotechnology Institute I MAS D, 01007 Vitoria, Spain
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14
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Weyand CM, Wu B, Huang T, Hu Z, Goronzy JJ. Mitochondria as disease-relevant organelles in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 211:208-223. [PMID: 36420636 PMCID: PMC10038327 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the controllers of cell metabolism and are recognized as decision makers in cell death pathways, organizers of cytoplasmic signaling networks, managers of cellular stress responses, and regulators of nuclear gene expression. Cells of the immune system are particularly dependent on mitochondrial resources, as they must swiftly respond to danger signals with activation, trafficking, migration, and generation of daughter cells. Analogously, faulty immune responses that lead to autoimmunity and tissue inflammation rely on mitochondria to supply energy, cell building blocks and metabolic intermediates. Emerging data endorse the concept that mitochondrial fitness, and the lack of it, is of particular relevance in the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA) where deviations of bioenergetic and biosynthetic flux affect T cells during early and late stages of disease. During early stages of RA, mitochondrial deficiency allows naïve RA T cells to lose self-tolerance, biasing fundamental choices of the immune system toward immune-mediated tissue damage and away from host protection. During late stages of RA, mitochondrial abnormalities shape the response patterns of RA effector T cells engaged in the inflammatory lesions, enabling chronicity of tissue damage and tissue remodeling. In the inflamed joint, autoreactive T cells partner with metabolically reprogrammed tissue macrophages that specialize in antigen-presentation and survive by adapting to the glucose-deplete tissue microenvironment. Here, we summarize recent data on dysfunctional mitochondria and mitochondria-derived signals relevant in the RA disease process that offer novel opportunities to deter autoimmune tissue inflammation by metabolic interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bowen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhaolan Hu
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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15
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Advances in the Clinical Application of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Foot and Ankle: A Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031002. [PMID: 36769649 PMCID: PMC9917505 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous and recombinant biologic substances have been generated as a result of the research into the cellular features of the healing process. Orthobiologics are increasingly being used in sports medicine and musculoskeletal surgery. Nevertheless, clinical data are limited; consequently, further studies are required, particularly in foot and ankle pathologies. This review aims to provide evidence of the most recent literature results and ignite the interest of orthopedic specialists eager for an update about the most current discussion on platelet-rich plasma (PRP) clinical applications in the foot and ankle fields. Previous studies have shown that platelet-rich plasma can be beneficial in treating various conditions, such as chronic foot ulcers, osteoarthritis, Achilles tendinopathy, etc. Despite the positive effects of PRP on various musculoskeletal conditions, more prospective studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness at treating ankle and foot pathologies. In addition to clinical trials, other factors, such as the quality of the research and the procedures involved, must be considered before they can be used in patients. More long-term evaluations are needed to support or oppose its application in treating foot and ankle disorders. We present the most extensive review of PRP's clinical applications in the foot and ankle field.
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16
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Peng X, Wang Q, Li W, Ge G, Peng J, Xu Y, Yang H, Bai J, Geng D. Comprehensive overview of microRNA function in rheumatoid arthritis. Bone Res 2023; 11:8. [PMID: 36690624 PMCID: PMC9870909 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenous single-stranded short noncoding RNAs, have emerged as vital epigenetic regulators of both pathological and physiological processes in animals. They direct fundamental cellular pathways and processes by fine-tuning the expression of multiple genes at the posttranscriptional level. Growing evidence suggests that miRNAs are implicated in the onset and development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects synovial joints. This common autoimmune disorder is characterized by a complex and multifaceted pathogenesis, and its morbidity, disability and mortality rates remain consistently high. More in-depth insights into the underlying mechanisms of RA are required to address unmet clinical needs and optimize treatment. Herein, we comprehensively review the deregulated miRNAs and impaired cellular functions in RA to shed light on several aspects of RA pathogenesis, with a focus on excessive inflammation, synovial hyperplasia and progressive joint damage. This review also provides promising targets for innovative therapies of RA. In addition, we discuss the regulatory roles and clinical potential of extracellular miRNAs in RA, highlighting their prospective applications as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Peng
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Wenming Li
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Gaoran Ge
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jiachen Peng
- grid.413390.c0000 0004 1757 6938Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 563000 Zunyi, P. R. China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Huilin Yang
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Dechun Geng
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu P. R. China
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17
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Xu S, Liu D, Kuang Y, Li R, Wang J, Shi M, Zou Y, Qiu Q, Liang L, Xiao Y, Xu H. Long Noncoding RNA HAFML Promotes Migration and Invasion of Rheumatoid Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:135-147. [PMID: 36458981 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aggressive phenotype exhibited by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) is critical for the progression of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have crucial roles in the pathogenesis of diverse disorders; however, few have been identified that might be able to control the joint damage in RA. In this study, we identified an lncRNA, ENST00000509194, which was expressed at abnormally high levels in FLSs and synovial tissues from patients with RA. ENST00000509194 positively modulates the migration and invasion of FLSs by interacting with human Ag R (HuR, also called ELAVL1), an RNA-binding protein that mainly stabilizes mRNAs. ENST00000509194 binds directly to HuR in the cytoplasm to form a complex that promotes the expression of the endocytic adaptor protein APPL2 by stabilizing APPL2 mRNA. Knockdown of HuR or APPL2 impaired the migration and invasion of RA FLSs. Given its close association with HuR and FLS migration, we named ENST00000509194 as HAFML (HuR-associated fibroblast migratory lncRNA). Our findings suggest that an increase in synovial HAFML might contribute to FLS-mediated rheumatoid synovial aggression and joint destruction, and that the lncRNA HAFML might be a potential therapeutic target for dysregulated fibroblasts in a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Kuang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiru Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingnan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Maohua Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China; and
| | - Yaoyao Zou
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liuqin Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Youjun Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanshi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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18
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Zeng L, Yang K, Zhang T, Zhu X, Hao W, Chen H, Ge J. Research progress of single-cell transcriptome sequencing in autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory disease: A review. J Autoimmun 2022; 133:102919. [PMID: 36242821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity refers to the phenomenon that the body's immune system produces antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes to its own tissues to cause an immune response. Immune disorders caused by autoimmunity can mediate autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases have complicated pathogenesis due to the many types of cells involved, and the mechanism is still unclear. The emergence of single-cell research technology can solve the problem that ordinary transcriptome technology cannot be accurate to cell type. It provides unbiased results through independent analysis of cells in tissues and provides more mRNA information for identifying cell subpopulations, which provides a novel approach to study disruption of immune tolerance and disturbance of pro-inflammatory pathways on a cellular basis. It may fundamentally change the understanding of molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and develop targeted drugs. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been widely applied in autoimmune diseases, which provides a powerful tool for demonstrating the cellular heterogeneity of tissues involved in various immune inflammations, identifying pathogenic cell populations, and revealing the mechanism of disease occurrence and development. This review describes the principles of scRNA-seq, introduces common sequencing platforms and practical procedures, and focuses on the progress of scRNA-seq in 41 autoimmune diseases, which include 9 systemic autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.) and 32 organ-specific autoimmune diseases (5 Skin diseases, 3 Nervous system diseases, 4 Eye diseases, 2 Respiratory system diseases, 2 Circulatory system diseases, 6 Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas diseases, 2 Gastrointestinal system diseases, 3 Muscle, Bones and joint diseases, 3 Urinary system diseases, 2 Reproductive system diseases). This review also prospects the molecular mechanism targets of autoimmune diseases from the multi-molecular level and multi-dimensional analysis combined with single-cell multi-omics sequencing technology (such as scRNA-seq, Single cell ATAC-seq and single cell immune group library sequencing), which provides a reference for further exploring the pathogenesis and marker screening of autoimmune diseases and autoimmune inflammatory diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuting Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
| | - Tianqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
| | - Wensa Hao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China; Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
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Noack M, Miossec P. Synoviocytes and skin fibroblasts show opposite effects on IL-23 production and IL-23 receptor expression during cell interactions with immune cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:220. [PMID: 36088336 PMCID: PMC9463863 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The IL-23/IL-17 axis is involved in inflammatory diseases including arthritis and psoriasis. However, the response to IL-23 or IL-17 inhibitors is different depending on the disease. The aim was to compare the effects of interactions between immune and stromal cells on the IL-23 axis to understand these differences.
Methods
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were co-cultured with RA synoviocytes or Pso skin fibroblasts, with or without phytohemagglutinin, IL-23, or anti-IL-23 antibody. Production of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-23, IL-17, IL-12, and IFNγ was measured by ELISA. IL-23 and cytokine receptor gene expression (IL-17RA, IL-17RC, IL-12Rβ1, IL-12Rβ2, and IL-23R) was analyzed by RT-qPCR. IL-12Rβ1 and IL-23R subunits were analyzed by flow cytometry.
Results
The production of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17, IL-12, and IFNγ with synoviocytes or skin fibroblasts was rather similar, and cell interactions with immune cells increased their production, specifically that of IL-17. A major difference was observed for IL-23. Interactions with synoviocytes but not with skin fibroblasts decreased IL-23 secretion while mRNA level was increased, mainly with synoviocytes, reflecting a major consumption difference. IL-23 addition had only one effect, the increase of IL-17 secretion. Cell activation induced similar effects on cytokine receptor gene expression in co-cultures with synoviocytes or skin fibroblasts. The key difference was the cell interaction effects depending on the stromal cell origin. Interactions with synoviocytes increased the expression of both IL-23 receptor subunits at mRNA levels and IL-23R at the surface expression level while interactions with skin fibroblasts decreased their expression at the mRNA level and had no effect at the surface expression level.
Conclusion
Interactions between immune and stromal cells are crucial in cytokine production and their receptor expression. The origin of stromal cells had a major influence on the production of IL-23 and its receptor expression. Such differences may explain part of the heterogeneity in treatment response.
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20
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Wang S, Du Q, Sun J, Geng S, Zhang Y. Investigation of the mechanism of Isobavachalcone in treating rheumatoid arthritis through a combination strategy of network pharmacology and experimental verification. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115342. [PMID: 35525528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Isobavachalcone (IBC) is a natural chalcone compound widely distributed in traditional Chinese medicine Psoralea corylifolia L., and Tibetan medicine Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. Etc.. Among them, Psoralea corylifolia has the effect of tonifying the kidney and strengthening Yang, and it is recorded in the Medicinal theory that it can be used in managing rheumatism and arthralgia. In addition, It has been included in many prescriptions in traditional Chinese medicine as the main herb for managing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Similarly, Abelmoschus manihot is a common Tibetan medicinal herb and is a common medicinal material in Tibetan medicine and reported in ancient medicinal books such as Jing Zhu Ben Cao and Si Bu Yi Dian to possess the effect of Ganhuangshui and thus can be used in treating Huangshui diseases (such as RA). Previous research has demonstrated IBC to possess numerous biological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and immunomodulatory. Nevertheless, its efficacy and potential mechanism in treating rheumatoid arthritis are yet to be investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed at investigating the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of IBC in treating RA through a combined strategy of network pharmacology, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Swiss Target Prediction and GeneCards databases were consulted to predict the potential targets of IBC and RA. Additionally, the potential targets for IBC in treating RA were predicted by consulting databases such as String, Cytoscape, MCODE, and Cytohubba. R software was utilized for enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG pathways, followed by in vitro experimentation using cell lines and in vivo experimentation using animals to explore the potential mechanism of IBC in RA treatment. RESULTS By integrating the results of network pharmacological analysis, 17 genes were found to be strongly associated with RA, such as TNF, MAPK13, EGFR, PTGS2, MMP3, etc. The enrichment analysis indicated that IBC possessed tremendous therapeutic efficacy in managing RA through PI3K-AKT, rheumatoid arthritis, and TNF signaling pathways. The in vitro experimentation indicated that IBC inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted apoptosis and inhibition of inflammation of MH7A cell lines stimulated with TNF-α. The IBC might also have an increasing effect on the intracellular ROS and reducing effect on the mitochondrial membrane potential. The western blotting results indicated that IBC markedly inhibited the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-JAK1, p-STAT3 and SOCS3 proteins in TNF-α stimulated MH7A cells. Furthermore, we found that IBC also significantly reduced paw swelling and arthritis severity in CIA model rats through in vivo animal studies. CONCLUSIONS In short, this study explored the effect of IBC by combining network pharmacology prediction with in vitro and in vivo experimentation. The results indicated that IBC exerts its anti-rheumatoid arthritis effect by regulating cell proliferation and survival via PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. This may open a new horizon and provide a theoretical foundation for further development and utilization of IBC in RA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Wang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qinyun Du
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sang Geng
- University of Tibetan Medicine, Lasa, 850000, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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21
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Bai LK, Su YZ, Wang XX, Bai B, Zhang CQ, Zhang LY, Zhang GL. Synovial Macrophages: Past Life, Current Situation, and Application in Inflammatory Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:905356. [PMID: 35958604 PMCID: PMC9361854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.905356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis is an inflammatory disease that involves the joints and surrounding tissues. Synovial hyperplasia often presents when joints become inflamed due to immune cell infiltration. Synovial membrane is an important as well as a highly specific component of the joint, and its lesions can lead to degeneration of the joint surface, causing pain and joint disability or affecting the patients’ quality of life in severe cases. Synovial macrophages (SMs) are one of the cellular components of the synovial membrane, which not only retain the function of macrophages to engulf foreign bodies in the joint cavity, but also interact with synovial fibroblasts (SFs), T cells, B cells, and other inflammatory cells to promote the production of a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-6, which are involved in the pathogenic process of inflammatory arthritis. SMs from different tissue sources have differently differentiated potentials and functional expressions. This article provides a summary on studies pertaining to SMs in inflammatory arthritis, and explores their role in its treatment, in order to highlight novel treatment modalities for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Kun Bai
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ya-Zhen Su
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xue-Xue Wang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Bing Bai
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cheng-Qiang Zhang
- Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Li-Yun Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Gai-Lian Zhang
- Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Gai-Lian Zhang,
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22
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Cheng Q, Chen M, Liu M, Chen X, Zhu L, Xu J, Xue J, Wu H, Du Y. Semaphorin 5A suppresses ferroptosis through activation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling in rheumatoid arthritis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:608. [PMID: 35835748 PMCID: PMC9283415 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal activation of synovial fibroblasts (SFs) plays an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the mechanism of which remains unknown. The purpose of our study is to comprehensively and systematically explore the mechanism for Semaphorin 5A-mediated abnormal SF activation in RA. Here, we found that Semaphorin 5A levels were significantly higher in synovial fluid and synovial tissue from RA patients compared with osteoarthritis patients. We further found that the mRNA level and protein abundance of Plexin-A1 was elevated in RA SFs compared with OA SFs, while Plexin-B3 expression showed no significant difference. The increased Semaphorin 5A in RA synovial fluid was mainly derived from CD68+ synovial macrophages, and the elevation led to increased binding between Semaphorin 5A and its receptors, thereby promoting cytokine secretion, proliferation, and migration, and decreasing apoptosis. Moreover, the effect of Semaphorin 5A on enhancing activation (cytokine secretion, cell proliferation and migration) and reducing apoptosis of SFs was significantly abolished after knockdown of Plexin-A1 and Plexin-B3 by small interfering RNA. Transcriptome sequencing and protein array detection revealed that Semaphorin 5A activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and inhibited ferroptosis. Morphologically, transmission electron microscopy results showed that Semaphorin 5A could significantly eliminate the mitochondrial diminution, membrane density increased and crest ruptured of SFs induced by ferroptosis inducer RSL3. Mechanistically, Semaphorin 5A enhanced GPX4 expression and SREBP1/SCD-1 signaling by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thus suppressing ferroptosis of RA SFs. In conclusion, our study provided the first evidence that elevated Semaphorin 5A in RA synovial fluid promotes SF activation by suppressing ferroptosis through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, 310009, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Clinic Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengdan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, 310009, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Clinic Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingjiang Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jieying Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, 310009, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Linping District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 311199, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaxiang Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, 310009, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, 310009, Hangzhou, China.
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23
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Korsunsky I, Wei K, Pohin M, Kim EY, Barone F, Major T, Taylor E, Ravindran R, Kemble S, Watts GFM, Jonsson AH, Jeong Y, Athar H, Windell D, Kang JB, Friedrich M, Turner J, Nayar S, Fisher BA, Raza K, Marshall JL, Croft AP, Tamura T, Sholl LM, Vivero M, Rosas IO, Bowman SJ, Coles M, Frei AP, Lassen K, Filer A, Powrie F, Buckley CD, Brenner MB, Raychaudhuri S. Cross-tissue, single-cell stromal atlas identifies shared pathological fibroblast phenotypes in four chronic inflammatory diseases. MED 2022; 3:481-518.e14. [PMID: 35649411 PMCID: PMC9271637 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pro-inflammatory fibroblasts are critical for pathogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, interstitial lung disease, and Sjögren's syndrome and represent a novel therapeutic target for chronic inflammatory disease. However, the heterogeneity of fibroblast phenotypes, exacerbated by the lack of a common cross-tissue taxonomy, has limited our understanding of which pathways are shared by multiple diseases. METHODS We profiled fibroblasts derived from inflamed and non-inflamed synovium, intestine, lungs, and salivary glands from affected individuals with single-cell RNA sequencing. We integrated all fibroblasts into a multi-tissue atlas to characterize shared and tissue-specific phenotypes. FINDINGS Two shared clusters, CXCL10+CCL19+ immune-interacting and SPARC+COL3A1+ vascular-interacting fibroblasts, were expanded in all inflamed tissues and mapped to dermal analogs in a public atopic dermatitis atlas. We confirmed these human pro-inflammatory fibroblasts in animal models of lung, joint, and intestinal inflammation. CONCLUSIONS This work represents a thorough investigation into fibroblasts across organ systems, individual donors, and disease states that reveals shared pathogenic activation states across four chronic inflammatory diseases. FUNDING Grant from F. Hoffmann-La Roche (Roche) AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Korsunsky
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Kevin Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mathilde Pohin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Edy Y Kim
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francesca Barone
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK
| | - Triin Major
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK; Birmingham Tissue Analytics, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Center and Clinical Research Facility, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emily Taylor
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK; Birmingham Tissue Analytics, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Center and Clinical Research Facility, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rahul Ravindran
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Samuel Kemble
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK
| | - Gerald F M Watts
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A Helena Jonsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yunju Jeong
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Humra Athar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dylan Windell
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Joyce B Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Matthias Friedrich
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Jason Turner
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK; Birmingham Tissue Analytics, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Center and Clinical Research Facility, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Saba Nayar
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK; Birmingham Tissue Analytics, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Center and Clinical Research Facility, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Benjamin A Fisher
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Karim Raza
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jennifer L Marshall
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK
| | - Adam P Croft
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK
| | - Tomoyoshi Tamura
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lynette M Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marina Vivero
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Simon J Bowman
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark Coles
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Andreas P Frei
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Kara Lassen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Filer
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK; Birmingham Tissue Analytics, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Center and Clinical Research Facility, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK.
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M14 9PR UK.
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24
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Hoyler T, Bannert B, André C, Beck D, Boulay T, Buffet D, Caesar N, Calzascia T, Dawson J, Kyburz D, Hennze R, Huppertz C, Littlewood-Evans A, Loetscher P, Mertz KD, Niwa S, Robert G, Rush JS, Ruzzante G, Sarret S, Stein T, Touil I, Wieczorek G, Zipfel G, Hawtin S, Junt T. Nonhematopoietic IRAK1 drives arthritis via neutrophil chemoattractants. JCI Insight 2022; 7:149825. [PMID: 35801586 PMCID: PMC9310529 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-1 receptor-activated kinase 1 (IRAK1) is involved in signal transduction downstream of many TLRs and the IL-1R. Its potential as a drug target for chronic inflammatory diseases is underappreciated. To study its functional role in joint inflammation, we generated a mouse model expressing a functionally inactive IRAK1 (IRAK1 kinase deficient, IRAK1KD), which also displayed reduced IRAK1 protein expression and cell type–specific deficiencies of TLR signaling. The serum transfer model of arthritis revealed a potentially novel role of IRAK1 for disease development and neutrophil chemoattraction exclusively via its activity in nonhematopoietic cells. Consistently, IRAK1KD synovial fibroblasts showed reduced secretion of neutrophil chemoattractant chemokines following stimulation with IL-1β or human synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and gout. Together with patients with RA showing prominent IRAK1 expression in fibroblasts of the synovial lining, these data suggest that targeting IRAK1 may be therapeutically beneficial. As pharmacological inhibition of IRAK1 kinase activity had only mild effects on synovial fibroblasts from mice and patients with RA, targeted degradation of IRAK1 may be the preferred pharmacologic modality. Collectively, these data position IRAK1 as a central regulator of the IL-1β–dependent local inflammatory milieu of the joints and a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hoyler
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Bannert
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cédric André
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damian Beck
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Boulay
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Buffet
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadja Caesar
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Calzascia
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janet Dawson
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diego Kyburz
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Hennze
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Huppertz
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amanda Littlewood-Evans
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pius Loetscher
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten D Mertz
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Satoru Niwa
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gautier Robert
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - James S Rush
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Ruzzante
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Sarret
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Stein
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ismahane Touil
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Grazyna Wieczorek
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Geraldine Zipfel
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stuart Hawtin
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Junt
- Department of Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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25
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Saeki N, Inoue K, Ideta-Otsuka M, Watamori K, Mizuki S, Takenaka K, Igarashi K, Miura H, Takeda S, Imai Y. Epigenetic regulator UHRF1 suppressively orchestrates pro-inflammatory gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:150533. [PMID: 35472067 PMCID: PMC9151705 DOI: 10.1172/jci150533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by chronic synovial inflammation with aberrant epigenetic alterations, eventually leading to joint destruction. However, the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms underlying RA pathogenesis remain largely unknown. Here we showed that Ubiquitin-like containing PHD and RING finger domains 1 (UHRF1) is a central epigenetic regulator that suppressively orchestrates multiple pathogeneses in RA. UHRF1 expression was remarkably up-regulated in synovial fibroblasts (SF) from arthritis model mice and RA patients. Mice with SF-specific Uhrf1 conditional knockout showed more severe arthritic phenotypes than littermate control. Uhrf1-deficient SF also exhibited enhanced apoptosis resistance and up-regulated expression of several cytokines including Ccl20. In RA patients, DAS28, CRP, and Th17 accumulation as well as apoptosis resistance were negatively correlated with UHRF1 expression in synovium. Finally, Ryuvidine administration that stabilizes UHRF1 ameliorated arthritis pathogeneses in a mouse model of RA. This study demonstrated that UHRF1 expressed in RA SF can contribute to negative feedback mechanisms that suppress multiple pathogenic events in arthritis, suggesting that targeting UHRF1 could be one of the therapeutic strategies for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Saeki
- Division of Laboratory Animal Research, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Kazuki Inoue
- Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Nankai University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maky Ideta-Otsuka
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Watamori
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shinichi Mizuki
- The Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Katsuto Takenaka
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Igarashi
- Laboratory of Biofunctional Science, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Miura
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shu Takeda
- Division of Endocrinology, Toranomon Hospital Endocrine Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuki Imai
- Division of Laboratory Animal Research, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
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26
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Tout I, Miossec P. The role of B cells and their interactions with stromal cells in the context of inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2022; 21:103098. [PMID: 35417796 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between B cells and stromal cells have essential functions in immune cell development and responses. During chronic inflammation, the pro-inflammatory microenvironment leads to changes in stromal cells, which acquire a pathogenic phenotype specific to each organ and disease. B cells are recruited to the site of inflammation and interact with these pathogenic stromal cells contributing to the disease's severity. In addition to producing autoantibodies, B cells contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammatory diseases by serving as professional antigen-presenting cells, producing cytokines, and through additional mechanisms. This review describes the role of B cells and their interactions with stromal cells in chronic inflammation, with a focus on human disease, using three selected autoimmune inflammatory diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis. Understanding B cells roles and their interaction with stromal cells will help develop new therapeutic options for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam Tout
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit, University of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit, University of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France.
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Gender-Related Differences in BMP Expression and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis within Joint-Hippocampal Axis in a Rat Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212163. [PMID: 34830044 PMCID: PMC8620092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BMPs regulate synovial quiescence and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus in non-stress conditions. However, changes in BMP expression that are induced by inflammation during rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have not yet been reported. Here, we show that signalling with synovial BMPs (BMP-4 and -7) mediates the effect of systemic inflammation on adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus during pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) in Dark Agouti (DA) rats, an animal model of RA. Moreover, we show gender differences in BMP expressions and their antagonists (Noggin and Gremlin) during PIA and their correlations with the clinical course and IL-17A and TNF-α levels in serum. Our results indicate gender differences in the clinical course, where male rats showed earlier onset and earlier recovery but a worse clinical course in the first two phases of the disease (onset and peak), which correlates with the initial increase of serum IL-17A level. The clinical course of the female rats worsened in remission. Their prolonged symptoms could be a reflection of an increased TNF-α level in serum during remission. Synovial inflammation was greater in females in PIA-remission with greater synovial BMP and antagonist expressions. More significant correlations between serum cytokines (IL-17A and TNF-α), and synovial BMPs and their antagonists were found in females than in males. On the other hand, males showed an increase in hippocampal BMP-4 expression during the acute phase, but both genders showed a decrease in antagonist expressions during PIA in general. Both genders showed a decrease in the number of Ki-67+ and SOX-2+ and DCX+ cells and in the ratio of DCX+ to Ki67+ cells in the dentate gyrus during PIA. However, in PIA remission, females showed a faster increase in the number of Ki67+, SOX-2+, and DCX+ cells and a faster increase in the DCX/Ki67 ratio than males. Both genders showed an increase of hippocampal BMP-7 expression during remission, although males constantly showed greater BMP-7 expression at all time points. Our data show that gender differences exist in the BMP expressions in the periphery-hippocampus axis and in the IL-17A and TNF-α levels in serum, which could imply differences in the mechanisms for the onset and progression of the disease, the clinical course severity, and adult neurogenesis with subsequent neurological complications between genders.
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28
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Shen C, Kuang Y, Xu S, Li R, Wang J, Zou Y, Wang C, Xu S, Liang L, Lin C, Xiao Y, Xu H. Nitidine chloride inhibits fibroblast like synoviocytes-mediated rheumatoid synovial inflammation and joint destruction by targeting KCNH1. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108273. [PMID: 34700130 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nitidine chloride (NC), a natural small molecular compound from traditional Chinese herbal medicine zanthoxylum nitidum, has been shown to exhibit anti-tumor effect. However, its role in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unknown. Here, we investigate the effect of NC in controlling fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS)-mediated synovial inflammation and joint destruction in RA and further explore its underlying mechanism(s). METHODS FLSs were separated from synovial tissues obtained from patients with RA. Protein expression was analyzed by Western blot or immunohistochemistry. Gene expression was measured using quantitative RT-PCR. ELISA was used to measure the levels of cytokines and MMPs. Cell proliferation was detected using EdU incorporation. Migration and invasion were evaluated by Boyden chamber assay. RNA sequencing analysis was used to identify the target of NC. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was used to evaluate the in vivo effect of NC. RESULTS NC treatment reduced the proliferation, migration, invasion, and lamellipodia formation but not apoptosis of RA FLSs. We also demonstrated the inhibitory effect of NC on TNF-α-induced expression and secretion of IL-6, IL-8, CCL-2, MMP-1 and MMP-13. Furthermore, we identified KCNH1, a gene that encodes ether-à-go-go-1 channel, as a novel targeting gene of NC in RA FLSs. KCNH1 expression was increased in FLSs and synovial tissues from patients with RA compared to healthy controls. KCNH1 knockdown or NC treatment decreased the TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of AKT. Interestingly, NC treatment ameliorated the severity of arthritis and reduced synovial KCNH1 expression in mice with CIA. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that NC treatment inhibits aggressive and inflammatory actions of RA FLSs by targeting KCNH1 and sequential inhibition of AKT phosphorylation. Our findings suggest that NC might control FLS-mediated rheumatoid synovial inflammation and joint destruction, and be a novel therapeutic agent for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Kuang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shudi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiru Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingnan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaoyao Zou
- Department of Rheumatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siqi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liuqin Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changsong Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Youjun Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hanshi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Padilla S, Nurden AT, Prado R, Nurden P, Anitua E. Healing through the lens of immunothrombosis: Biology-inspired, evolution-tailored, and human-engineered biomimetic therapies. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121205. [PMID: 34710794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Evolution, from invertebrates to mammals, has yielded and shaped immunoclotting as a defense and repair response against trauma and infection. This mosaic of immediate and local wound-sealing and pathogen-killing mechanisms results in survival, restoration of homeostasis, and tissue repair. In mammals, immunoclotting has been complemented with the neuroendocrine system, platelets, and contact system among other embellishments, adding layers of complexity through interconnecting blood-born proteolytic cascades, blood cells, and the neuroendocrine system. In doing so, immunothrombosis endows humans with survival advantages, but entails vulnerabilities in the current unprecedented and increasingly challenging environment. Immunothrombosis and tissue repair appear to go hand in hand with common mechanisms mediating both processes, a fact that is underlined by recent advances that are deciphering the mechanisms of the repair process and of the biochemical pathways that underpins coagulation, hemostasis and thrombosis. This review is intended to frame both the universal aspects of tissue repair and the therapeutic use of autologous fibrin matrix as a biology-as-a-drug approach in the context of the evolutionary changes in coagulation and hemostasis. In addition, we will try to shed some light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the use of the autologous fibrin matrix as a biology-inspired, evolution-tailored, and human-engineered biomimetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Padilla
- Eduardo Anitua Foundation for Biomedical Research, Vitoria, Spain; BTI-Biotechnology Institute ImasD, Vitoria, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain.
| | - Alan T Nurden
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire LIRYC, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France
| | - Roberto Prado
- Eduardo Anitua Foundation for Biomedical Research, Vitoria, Spain; BTI-Biotechnology Institute ImasD, Vitoria, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Paquita Nurden
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire LIRYC, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France
| | - Eduardo Anitua
- Eduardo Anitua Foundation for Biomedical Research, Vitoria, Spain; BTI-Biotechnology Institute ImasD, Vitoria, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain.
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30
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Abstract
Fibroblasts are important cells for the support of homeostatic tissue function. In inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, fibroblasts take on different roles (a) as inflammatory cells themselves and (b) in recruiting leukocytes, driving angiogenesis, and enabling chronic inflammation in tissues. Recent advances in single-cell profiling techniques have transformed the ability to examine fibroblast states and populations in inflamed tissues, providing evidence of previously underappreciated heterogeneity and disease-associated fibroblast populations. These studies challenge the preconceived notion that fibroblasts are homogeneous and provide new insights into the role of fibroblasts in inflammatory pathology. In addition, new molecular insights into the mechanisms of fibroblast activation reveal powerful cell-intrinsic amplification loops that synergize with primary fibroblast stimuli to result in striking responses. In this Review, we focus on recent developments in our understanding of fibroblast heterogeneity and fibroblast pathology across tissues and diseases in rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. We highlight new approaches to, and applications of, single-cell profiling techniques and what they teach us about fibroblast biology. Finally, we address how these insights could lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to targeting fibroblasts in disease.
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31
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Janczi T, Meier F, Fehrl Y, Kinne RW, Böhm B, Burkhardt H. A Novel Pro-Inflammatory Mechanosensing Pathway Orchestrated by the Disintegrin Metalloproteinase ADAM15 in Synovial Fibroblasts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102705. [PMID: 34685689 PMCID: PMC8534551 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is elicited in cells upon the perception of physical forces transmitted via the extracellular matrix in their surroundings and results in signaling events that impact cellular functions. This physiological process is a prerequisite for maintaining the integrity of diarthrodial joints, while excessive loading is a factor promoting the inflammatory mechanisms of joint destruction. Here, we describe a mechanotransduction pathway in synovial fibroblasts (SF) derived from the synovial membrane of inflamed joints. The functionality of this pathway is completely lost in the absence of the disintegrin metalloproteinase ADAM15 strongly upregulated in SF. The mechanosignaling events involve the Ca2+-dependent activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinases, the subsequent downregulation of long noncoding RNA HOTAIR, and upregulation of the metabolic energy sensor sirtuin-1. This afferent loop of the pathway is facilitated by ADAM15 via promoting the cell membrane density of the constitutively cycling mechanosensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 calcium channels. In addition, ADAM15 reinforces the Src-mediated activation of pannexin-1 channels required for the enhanced release of ATP, a mediator of purinergic inflammation, which is increasingly produced upon sirtuin-1 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Janczi
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.J.); (F.M.); (Y.F.)
| | - Florian Meier
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.J.); (F.M.); (Y.F.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yuliya Fehrl
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.J.); (F.M.); (Y.F.)
| | - Raimund W. Kinne
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany;
| | - Beate Böhm
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.J.); (F.M.); (Y.F.)
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (H.B.)
| | - Harald Burkhardt
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.J.); (F.M.); (Y.F.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (H.B.)
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32
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Sag E, Demir S, Aspari M, Nielsen MA, Skejø C, Hvid M, Turhan E, Bilginer Y, Greisen S, Ozen S, Deleuran B. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: lymphocyte activation gene-3 is a central immune receptor in children with oligoarticular subtypes. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:744-751. [PMID: 34031570 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the role of inhibitory receptors (IRs) and especially lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) in the pathogenesis of oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (o-JIA). METHODS Paired samples of synovial fluid (SF) and plasma and peripheral blood (PBMCs) and synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) were collected from o-JIA patients along with their clinical data (n = 24). Plasma from healthy controls (n = 14) and paired SF and plasma samples from five non-arthritic juvenile orthopedic patients (n = 5) served as controls. Spontaneously differentiated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from SFMCs were co-cultured with autologous PBMCs/SFMCs and used as ex vivo disease model. Soluble levels and cellular expressions of IRs together with their functional properties in the ex vivo model were analyzed. RESULTS In patients with o-JIA, soluble levels of LAG-3 and expression of LAG-3 and T cell immunoglobulin mucin03 (TIM-3) on CD3+CD4+CD45RO+ T cells were increased, especially in SF. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression was induced on FLSs when these were co-cultured with autologous PBMCs/SFMCs, together with an increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production. In PBMC and FLS + PBMC co-cultures, neutralizing antibodies to IRs were added. Only anti-LAG-3 antibodies significantly increased MCP-1 secretion. The addition of agonistic LAG-3 antibody resulted in decreased effector cytokine secretion. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report comparing the effects of different IRs in o-JIA and suggests that LAG-3 might contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. IMPACT This is the first study addressing the role of different co-IRs in o-JIA. We showed that LAG-3 and TIM-3 seem more important in juvenile arthritis in contrast to adult rheumatoid arthritis, where cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 and programmed cell death-1 were reported to be more important. We designed an ex vivo disease model for o-JIA, examined the effects of co-IRs in this model, and demonstrated that they might contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. LAG-3 might play a role in o-JIA pathogenesis and might be a potential therapeutic option for o-JIA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Sag
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. .,Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Translational Medicine Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Selcan Demir
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Translational Medicine Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maithri Aspari
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Cæcilie Skejø
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Malene Hvid
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Egemen Turhan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yelda Bilginer
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Translational Medicine Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Stinne Greisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Seza Ozen
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Translational Medicine Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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33
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Hutton C, Heider F, Blanco-Gomez A, Banyard A, Kononov A, Zhang X, Karim S, Paulus-Hock V, Watt D, Steele N, Kemp S, Hogg EKJ, Kelly J, Jackstadt RF, Lopes F, Menotti M, Chisholm L, Lamarca A, Valle J, Sansom OJ, Springer C, Malliri A, Marais R, Pasca di Magliano M, Zelenay S, Morton JP, Jørgensen C. Single-cell analysis defines a pancreatic fibroblast lineage that supports anti-tumor immunity. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:1227-1244.e20. [PMID: 34297917 PMCID: PMC8443274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts display extensive transcriptional heterogeneity, yet functional annotation and characterization of their heterocellular relationships remains incomplete. Using mass cytometry, we chart the stromal composition of 18 murine tissues and 5 spontaneous tumor models, with an emphasis on mesenchymal phenotypes. This analysis reveals extensive stromal heterogeneity across tissues and tumors, and identifies coordinated relationships between mesenchymal and immune cell subsets in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Expression of CD105 demarks two stable and functionally distinct pancreatic fibroblast lineages, which are also identified in murine and human healthy tissues and tumors. Whereas CD105-positive pancreatic fibroblasts are permissive for tumor growth in vivo, CD105-negative fibroblasts are highly tumor suppressive. This restrictive effect is entirely dependent on functional adaptive immunity. Collectively, these results reveal two functionally distinct pancreatic fibroblast lineages and highlight the importance of mesenchymal and immune cell interactions in restricting tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Hutton
- Systems Oncology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Alderley Park, Manchester SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Felix Heider
- Systems Oncology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Alderley Park, Manchester SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Adrian Blanco-Gomez
- Systems Oncology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Alderley Park, Manchester SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Antonia Banyard
- Flow Cytometry Core, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Alderley Park, Manchester SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Alexander Kononov
- Systems Oncology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Alderley Park, Manchester SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Systems Oncology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Alderley Park, Manchester SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Saadia Karim
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Viola Paulus-Hock
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Dale Watt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Nina Steele
- University of Michigan, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Samantha Kemp
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Molecular and Cellular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Elizabeth K J Hogg
- Systems Oncology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Alderley Park, Manchester SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Joanna Kelly
- Systems Oncology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Alderley Park, Manchester SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Rene-Filip Jackstadt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Filipa Lopes
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Alderley Park, Manchester SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Matteo Menotti
- Cell Signalling, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Alderley Park, Manchester SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Luke Chisholm
- Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Alderley Park, Manchester SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Juan Valle
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Caroline Springer
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Alderley Park, Manchester SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Angeliki Malliri
- Cell Signalling, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Alderley Park, Manchester SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Richard Marais
- Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Alderley Park, Manchester SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- University of Michigan, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Santiago Zelenay
- Cancer Immunity and Inflammation, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Alderley Park, Manchester SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Claus Jørgensen
- Systems Oncology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Alderley Park, Manchester SK10 4TG, UK.
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34
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Importance of lymphocyte-stromal cell interactions in autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:550-564. [PMID: 34345021 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between lymphocytes and stromal cells have an important role in immune cell development and responses. During inflammation, stromal cells contribute to inflammation, from induction to chronicity or resolution, through direct cell interactions and through the secretion of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. Stromal cells are imprinted with tissue-specific phenotypes and contribute to site-specific lymphocyte recruitment. During chronic inflammation, the modified pro-inflammatory microenvironment leads to changes in the stromal cells, which acquire a pathogenic phenotype. At the site of inflammation, infiltrating B cells and T cells interact with stromal cells. These interactions induce a plasma cell-like phenotype in B cells and T cells, associated with secretion of immunoglobulins and inflammatory cytokines, respectively. B cells and T cells also influence the stromal cells, inducing cell proliferation, molecular changes and cytokine production. This positive feedback loop contributes to disease chronicity. This Review describes the importance of these cell interactions in chronic inflammation, with a focus on human disease, using three selected autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis (and psoriasis) and systemic lupus erythematosus. Understanding the importance and disease specificity of these interactions could provide new therapeutic options.
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35
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Dorst DN, Rijpkema M, Buitinga M, Walgreen B, Helsen MMA, Brennan E, Klein C, Laverman P, Ramming A, Schmidkonz C, Kuwert T, Schett G, van der Kraan PM, Gotthardt M, Koenders MI. Targeting of fibroblast activation protein in rheumatoid arthritis patients: imaging and ex vivo photodynamic therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:2999-3009. [PMID: 34450633 PMCID: PMC9258553 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Activated synovial fibroblasts are key effector cells in RA. Selectively depleting these based upon their expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is an attractive therapeutic approach. Here we introduce FAP imaging of inflamed joints using 68Ga-FAPI-04 in a RA patient, and aim to assess feasibility of anti-FAP targeted photodynamic therapy (FAP-tPDT) ex vivo using 28H1-IRDye700DX on RA synovial explants. Methods Remnant synovial tissue from RA patients was processed into 6 mm biopsies and, from several patients, into primary fibroblast cell cultures. Both were treated using FAP-tPDT. Cell viability was measured in fibroblast cultures and biopsies were evaluated for histological markers of cell damage. Selectivity of the effect of FAP-tPDT was assessed using flow cytometry on primary fibroblasts and co-cultured macrophages. Additionally, one RA patient intravenously received 68Ga-FAPI-04 and was scanned using PET/CT imaging. Results In the RA patient, FAPI-04 PET imaging showed high accumulation of the tracer in arthritic joints with very low background signal. In vitro, FAP-tPDT induced cell death in primary RA synovial fibroblasts in a light dose-dependent manner. An upregulation of cell damage markers was observed in the synovial biopsies after FAP-tPDT. No significant effects of FAP-tPDT were noted on macrophages after FAP-tPDT of neighbouring fibroblasts. Conclusion In this study the feasibility of selective FAP-tPDT in synovium of rheumatoid arthritis patients ex vivo is demonstrated. Furthermore, this study provides the first indication that FAP-targeted PET/CT can be used to image arthritic joints, an important step towards application of FAP-tPDT as a targeted locoregional therapy for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne N Dorst
- Department of medical imaging: Nuclear medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Rijpkema
- Department of medical imaging: Nuclear medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mijke Buitinga
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitte Walgreen
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Helsen
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Evan Brennan
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Peter Laverman
- Department of medical imaging: Nuclear medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of medicine 3, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universtitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Kuwert
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of medicine 3, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universtitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Gotthardt
- Department of medical imaging: Nuclear medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije I Koenders
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Breedveld AC, van Gool MMJ, van Delft MAM, van der Laken CJ, de Vries TJ, Jansen IDC, van Egmond M. IgA Immune Complexes Induce Osteoclast-Mediated Bone Resorption. Front Immunol 2021; 12:651049. [PMID: 34276648 PMCID: PMC8281931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.651049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Autoantibodies are detected in most patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and can be of the IgM, IgG or IgA subclass. Correlations between IgA autoantibodies and more severe disease activity have been previously reported, but the functional role of IgA autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of RA is ill understood. In this study, we explored the effect of IgA immune complexes on osteoclast mediated bone resorption. Methods Anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) and anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibody levels of the IgA and IgG isotype and rheumatoid factor (RF) IgA were determined in synovial fluid (SF) of RA patients. Monocytes, neutrophils, and osteoclasts were stimulated with precipitated immune complexes from SF of RA patients or IgA- and IgG-coated beads. Activation was determined by neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release, cytokine secretion, and bone resorption. Results NET formation by neutrophils was enhanced by SF immune complexes compared to immune complexes from healthy or RA serum. Monocytes stimulated with isolated SF immune complexes released IL-6 and IL-8, which correlated with the levels of ACPA IgA levels in SF. Osteoclasts cultured in the presence of supernatant of IgA-activated monocytes resorbed significantly more bone compared to osteoclasts that were cultured in supernatant of IgG-activated monocytes (p=0.0233). Osteoclasts expressed the Fc receptor for IgA (FcαRI; CD89) and Fc gamma receptors. IgA-activated osteoclasts however produced significantly increased levels of IL-6 (p<0.0001) and IL-8 (p=0.0007) compared to IgG-activated osteoclasts. Both IL-6 (p=0.03) and IL-8 (p=0.0054) significantly enhanced bone resorption by osteoclasts. Conclusion IgA autoantibodies induce release of IL-6 and IL-8 by immune cells as well as osteoclasts, which enhances bone resorption by osteoclasts. We anticipate that this will result in more severe disease activity in RA patients. Targeting IgA-FcαRI interactions therefore represents a promising novel therapeutic strategy for RA patients with IgA autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelot C Breedveld
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melissa M J van Gool
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Myrthe A M van Delft
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Conny J van der Laken
- Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Teun J de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ineke D C Jansen
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Clayton SA, MacDonald L, Kurowska-Stolarska M, Clark AR. Mitochondria as Key Players in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:673916. [PMID: 33995417 PMCID: PMC8118696 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.673916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are major energy-producing organelles that have central roles in cellular metabolism. They also act as important signalling hubs, and their dynamic regulation in response to stress signals helps to dictate the stress response of the cell. Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory and autoimmune disease with high prevalence and complex aetiology. Mitochondrial activity affects differentiation, activation and survival of immune and non-immune cells that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. This review outlines what is known about the role of mitochondria in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis, and how current and future therapeutic strategies can function through modulation of mitochondrial activity. We also highlight areas of this topic that warrant further study. As producers of energy and of metabolites such as succinate and citrate, mitochondria help to shape the inflammatory phenotype of leukocytes during disease. Mitochondrial components can directly stimulate immune receptors by acting as damage-associated molecular patterns, which could represent an initiating factor for the development of sterile inflammation. Mitochondria are also an important source of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and facilitate the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which produces cytokines linked to disease symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis. The fact that mitochondria contain their own genetic material renders them susceptible to mutation, which can propagate their dysfunction and immunostimulatory potential. Several drugs currently used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis regulate mitochondrial function either directly or indirectly. These actions contribute to their immunomodulatory functions, but can also lead to adverse effects. Metabolic and mitochondrial pathways are attractive targets for future anti-rheumatic drugs, however many questions still remain about the precise role of mitochondrial activity in different cell types in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Clayton
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy MacDonald
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mariola Kurowska-Stolarska
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Clark
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Ntari L, Nikolaou C, Kranidioti K, Papadopoulou D, Christodoulou-Vafeiadou E, Chouvardas P, Meier F, Geka C, Denis MC, Karagianni N, Kollias G. Combination of subtherapeutic anti-TNF dose with dasatinib restores clinical and molecular arthritogenic profiles better than standard anti-TNF treatment. J Transl Med 2021; 19:165. [PMID: 33892739 PMCID: PMC8063445 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New medications for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) have emerged in the last decades, including Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) and biologics. However, there is no known cure, since a significant proportion of patients remain or become non-responders to current therapies. The development of new mode-of-action treatment schemes involving combination therapies could prove successful for the treatment of a greater number of RA patients. METHODS We investigated the effect of the Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors (TKIs) dasatinib and bosutinib, on the human TNF-dependent Tg197 arthritis mouse model. The inhibitors were administered either as a monotherapy or in combination with a subtherapeutic dose of anti-hTNF biologics and their therapeutic effect was assessed clinically, histopathologically as well as via gene expression analysis and was compared to that of an efficient TNF monotherapy. RESULTS Dasatinib and, to a lesser extent, bosutinib inhibited the production of TNF and proinflammatory chemokines from arthritogenic synovial fibroblasts. Dasatinib, but not bosutinib, also ameliorated significantly and in a dose-dependent manner both the clinical and histopathological signs of Tg197 arthritis. Combination of dasatinib with a subtherapeutic dose of anti-hTNF biologic agents, resulted in a synergistic inhibitory effect abolishing all arthritis symptoms. Gene expression analysis of whole joint tissue of Tg197 mice revealed that the combination of dasatinib with a low subtherapeutic dose of Infliximab most efficiently restores the pathogenic gene expression profile to that of the healthy state compared to either treatment administered as a monotherapy. CONCLUSION Our findings show that dasatinib exhibits a therapeutic effect in TNF-driven arthritis and can act in synergy with a subtherapeutic anti-hTNF dose to effectively treat the clinical and histopathological signs of the pathology. The combination of dasatinib and anti-hTNF exhibits a distinct mode of action in restoring the arthritogenic gene signature to that of a healthy profile. Potential clinical applications of combination therapies with kinase inhibitors and anti-TNF agents may provide an interesting alternative to high-dose anti-hTNF monotherapy and increase the number of patients responding to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoforos Nikolaou
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC), Alexander Fleming, 34 Alexander Fleming Street, 16672, Vari, Greece
| | | | - Dimitra Papadopoulou
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC), Alexander Fleming, 34 Alexander Fleming Street, 16672, Vari, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Chouvardas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Meier
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | - George Kollias
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC), Alexander Fleming, 34 Alexander Fleming Street, 16672, Vari, Greece.
- Department of Physiology and Joint Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Wakabayashi K, Isozaki T, Tsubokura Y, Fukuse S, Kasama T. Eotaxin-1/CCL11 is involved in cell migration in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7937. [PMID: 33846499 PMCID: PMC8041786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eotaxin-1 (CCL11) induces the migration of different leukocyte types by interacting with CCR3. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are pathogenic effectors and a major CCR3-expressing cell. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and function of CCL11 in RA FLS. The expression of CCL11 and CCR3 was evaluated by ELISA, immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR analysis. The CCL11 levels in serum and synovial fluids (SFs) from RA patients were significantly higher than those in serum from healthy controls and SFs from osteoarthritis patients. CCL11 and CCR3 were expressed in the RA synovial tissue lining layers. The secretion of CCL11 in RA FLS-conditioned medium and the mRNA expression of CCL11 and CCR3 were induced by TNF-α. Furthermore, CCL11 induced the mRNA expression of CCL11 and CCR3. Application of a CCR3 antagonist reduced TNF-α-induced CCL11 secretion from RA FLS. CCL11 induced the migration of RA FLS and monocytes. RA FLS migration was decreased by treatment with CCL11 siRNA. The migration of monocytes to medium conditioned with CCL11 siRNA-transfected and TNF-α-stimulated RA FLS was reduced. These data indicate that the self-amplification of CCL11 via CCR3 may play an important role in cell migration in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuninobu Wakabayashi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takeo Isozaki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Tsubokura
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Fukuse
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kasama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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40
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Garcia-Melchor E, Cafaro G, MacDonald L, Crowe LAN, Sood S, McLean M, Fazzi UG, McInnes IB, Akbar M, Millar NL. Novel self-amplificatory loop between T cells and tenocytes as a driver of chronicity in tendon disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:1075-1085. [PMID: 33692018 PMCID: PMC8292554 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory mechanisms play a key role in chronic tendon disease. After observing T cell signatures in human tendinopathy, we explored the interaction between T cells and tendon stromal cells or tenocytes to define their functional contribution to tissue remodelling and inflammation amplification and hence disease perpetuation. METHODS T cells were quantified and characterised in healthy and tendinopathic tissues by flow cytometry (FACS), imaging mass cytometry (IMC) and single cell RNA-seq. Tenocyte activation induced by conditioned media from primary damaged tendon or interleukin-1β was evaluated by qPCR. The role of tenocytes in regulating T cell migration was interrogated in a standard transwell membrane system. T cell activation (cell surface markers by FACS and cytokine release by ELISA) and changes in gene expression in tenocytes (qPCR) were assessed in cocultures of T cells and explanted tenocytes. RESULTS Significant quantitative differences were observed in healthy compared with tendinopathic tissues. IMC showed T cells in close proximity to tenocytes, suggesting tenocyte-T cell interactions. On activation, tenocytes upregulated inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules implicated in T cell recruitment and activation. Conditioned media from activated tenocytes induced T cell migration and coculture of tenocytes with T cells resulted in reciprocal activation of T cells. In turn, these activated T cells upregulated production of inflammatory mediators in tenocytes, while increasing the pathogenic collagen 3/collagen 1 ratio. CONCLUSIONS Interaction between T cells and tenocytes induces the expression of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in tenocytes, alters collagen composition favouring collagen 3 and self-amplifies T cell activation via an auto-regulatory feedback loop. Selectively targeting this adaptive/stromal interface may provide novel translational strategies in the management of human tendon disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Garcia-Melchor
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Giacomo Cafaro
- Rheumatology Unit - Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucy MacDonald
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lindsay A N Crowe
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shatakshi Sood
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael McLean
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Umberto G Fazzi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Moeed Akbar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neal L Millar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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Miossec P. Local and systemic effects of IL-17 in joint inflammation: a historical perspective from discovery to targeting. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:860-865. [PMID: 33692481 PMCID: PMC7943939 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of IL-17 in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases is now well established, with three currently registered anti-IL-17-targeted therapies. This story has taken place over a period of 20 years and led to the demonstration that a T cell product could regulate, and often amplify, the inflammatory response. The first results described the contribution of IL-17 to local features in arthritis. Then, understanding was extended to its systemic effects, with a focus on cardiovascular aspects. This review provides a historical perspective of these discoveries focused on arthritis, which started in 1995, followed 10 years later by the description of Th17 cells. Today, IL-17 inhibitors for three chronic inflammatory diseases have been registered. More options are now being tested in ongoing and future clinical trials. Inhibitors of IL-17 family members and Th17 cells ranging from antibodies to small molecules are under active development. The identification of patients with IL-17-driven disease is a key target for the improved selection of patients expected to have a strongly positive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Miossec
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and the Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit, University of Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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43
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Dorst DN, Rijpkema M, Boss M, Walgreen B, Helsen MMA, Bos DL, Brom M, Klein C, Laverman P, van der Kraan PM, Gotthardt M, Koenders MI, Buitinga M. Targeted photodynamic therapy selectively kills activated fibroblasts in experimental arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:3952-3960. [PMID: 32734285 PMCID: PMC7733717 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In RA, synovial fibroblasts become activated. These cells express fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and contribute to the pathogenesis by producing cytokines, chemokines and proteases. Selective depletion in inflamed joints could therefore constitute a viable treatment option. To this end, we developed and tested a new therapeutic strategy based on the selective destruction of FAP-positive cells by targeted photodynamic therapy (tPDT) using the anti-FAP antibody 28H1 coupled to the photosensitizer IRDye700DX. Methods After conjugation of IRDye700DX to 28H1, the immunoreactive binding and specificity of the conjugate were determined. Subsequently, tPDT efficiency was established in vitro using a 3T3 cell line stably transfected with FAP. The biodistribution of [111In]In-DTPA-28H1 with and without IRDye700DX was assessed in healthy C57BL/6N mice and in C57BL/6N mice with antigen-induced arthritis. The potential of FAP-tPDT to induce targeted damage was determined ex vivo by treating knee joints from C57BL/6N mice with antigen-induced arthritis 24 h after injection of the conjugate. Finally, the effect of FAP-tPDT on arthritis development was determined in mice with collagen-induced arthritis. Results 28H1-700DX was able to efficiently induce FAP-specific cell death in vitro. Accumulation of the anti-FAP antibody in arthritic knee joints was not affected by conjugation with the photosensitizer. Arthritis development was moderately delayed in mice with collagen-induced arthritis after FAP-tPDT. Conclusion Here we demonstrate the feasibility of tPDT to selectively target and kill FAP-positive fibroblasts in vitro and modulate arthritis in vivo using a mouse model of RA. This approach may have therapeutic potential in (refractory) arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne N Dorst
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Rijpkema
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marti Boss
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitte Walgreen
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Helsen
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Desirée L Bos
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Brom
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Peter Laverman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Gotthardt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije I Koenders
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mijke Buitinga
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Platelet-Rich Plasma Applications for Achilles Tendon Repair: A Bridge between Biology and Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020824. [PMID: 33467646 PMCID: PMC7830415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Achilles tendon ruptures are very common tendon ruptures and their incidence is increasing in modern society, resulting in work incapacity and months off sport, which generate a need for accelerated and successful therapeutic repair strategy. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is emerging as adjuvant human blood-derived constructs to assist Achilles tendon rupture treatment. However, myriad PRP preparation methods in conjunction with poor standardization in the modalities of their applications impinge on the consistent effectiveness of clinical and structural outcomes regarding their therapeutic efficacy. The purpose of this review is to provide some light on the application of PRP for Achilles tendon ruptures. PRP has many characteristics that make it an attractive treatment. Elements such as the inclusion of leukocytes and erythrocytes within PRP, the absence of activation and activation ex vivo or in vivo, the modality of application, and the adjustment of PRP pH can influence the biology of the applied product and result in misleading therapeutic conclusions. The weakest points in demonstrating their consistent effectiveness are primarily the result of myriad PRP preparation methods and the poor standardization of modalities for their application. Selecting the right biological scaffold and applying it correctly to restitutio ad integrum of ruptured Achilles tendons remains a daunting and complex task.
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45
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Millar NL, Silbernagel KG, Thorborg K, Kirwan PD, Galatz LM, Abrams GD, Murrell GAC, McInnes IB, Rodeo SA. Tendinopathy. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:1. [PMID: 33414454 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-020-00234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tendinopathy describes a complex multifaceted pathology of the tendon, characterized by pain, decline in function and reduced exercise tolerance. The most common overuse tendinopathies involve the rotator cuff tendon, medial and lateral elbow epicondyles, patellar tendon, gluteal tendons and the Achilles tendon. The prominent histological and molecular features of tendinopathy include disorganization of collagen fibres, an increase in the microvasculature and sensory nerve innervation, dysregulated extracellular matrix homeostasis, increased immune cells and inflammatory mediators, and enhanced cellular apoptosis. Although diagnosis is mostly achieved based on clinical symptoms, in some cases, additional pain-provoking tests and imaging might be necessary. Management consists of different exercise and loading programmes, therapeutic modalities and surgical interventions; however, their effectiveness remains ambiguous. Future research should focus on elucidating the key functional pathways implicated in clinical disease and on improved rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal L Millar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | | | - Kristian Thorborg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul D Kirwan
- School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Leesa M Galatz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey D Abrams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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46
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Melville AR, Kearsley-Fleet L, Buch MH, Hyrich KL. Understanding Refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis: Implications for a Therapeutic Approach. Drugs 2021; 80:849-857. [PMID: 32361822 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-020-01309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has emerged as an area of unmet need in a landscape of generally well-controlled disease. Whilst most patients are adequately treated on methotrexate and other first-line disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), a proportion requires biologic (b) and targeted synthetic (ts) DMARDs, with a further subsection failing multiple agents. Recent observational studies have adopted working definitions of refractory RA based on number of failed DMARDs, with prevalence estimates of 6-21% depending on threshold and study population. Risk factors include treatment delay, baseline disease activity and function, female gender, smoking, obesity and lower socioeconomic status. Practical and conceptual challenges in defining refractory RA arise from limitations of disease activity scores used to assess response, with attendant misclassification risk of co-existent non-inflammatory pathology, and failure to capture additional outcomes, such as fatigue, that have variable treatment response. Time is an important factor in defining refractory disease; registry studies show that growing treatment options have resulted in rapid b/tsDMARD cycling and earlier refractory status, and refractory RA is itself a dynamic concept, evolving with each new therapeutic class. Whilst the biology underpinning refractory RA remains largely unknown, a general overview of biomarker studies and clinical trials old and new offers insights into prediction of response and treatment failure. Whilst the future holds promise, current data are insufficient to personalise or meaningfully sequence b/tsDMARDs. Therefore, avoidance of a refractory course is best achieved by following proven management paradigms (e.g. early diagnosis and treat-to-target), addressing modifiable risk factors, and considering enrolment in novel trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Melville
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lianne Kearsley-Fleet
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Maya H Buch
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Kimme L Hyrich
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. .,National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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47
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Ng B, Cook SA, Schafer S. Interleukin-11 signaling underlies fibrosis, parenchymal dysfunction, and chronic inflammation of the airway. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1871-1878. [PMID: 33262481 PMCID: PMC7705429 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-11 evolved as part of the innate immune response. In the human lung, IL-11 upregulation has been associated with viral infections and a range of fibroinflammatory diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) and other disease factors can initiate an autocrine loop of IL-11 signaling in pulmonary fibroblasts, which, in a largely ERK-dependent manner, triggers the translation of profibrotic proteins. Lung epithelial cells also express the IL-11 receptor and transition into a mesenchymal-like state in response to IL-11 exposure. In mice, therapeutic targeting of IL-11 with antibodies can arrest and reverse bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation. Intriguingly, fibroblast-specific blockade of IL-11 signaling has anti-inflammatory effects, which suggests that lung inflammation is sustained, in part, through IL-11 activity in the stroma. Proinflammatory fibroblasts and their interaction with the damaged epithelium may represent an important but overlooked driver of lung disease. Initially thought of as a protective cytokine, IL-11 is now increasingly recognized as an important determinant of lung fibrosis, inflammation, and epithelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ng
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stuart A Cook
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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48
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Crowe LAN, Garcia Melchor E, Murrell GAC, McInnes IB, Akbar M, Millar NL. Stromal “activation” markers do not confer pathogenic activity in tendinopathy. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A. N. Crowe
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Emma Garcia Melchor
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - George A. C. Murrell
- Orthopaedic Research Institute St George Hospital Campus University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Iain B. McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Moeed Akbar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Neal L. Millar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
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49
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Chiang N, Serhan CN. Specialized pro-resolving mediator network: an update on production and actions. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:443-462. [PMID: 32885825 PMCID: PMC7682745 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Today, persistent and uncontrolled inflammation is appreciated to play a pivotal role in many diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome and many other diseases of public health concern (e.g. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and periodontal disease). The ideal response to initial challenge in humans is a self-limited inflammatory response leading to complete resolution. The resolution phase is now widely recognized as a biosynthetically active process, governed by a superfamily of endogenous chemical mediators that stimulate resolution of inflammatory responses, namely specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs). Because resolution is the natural ideal response, the SPMs have gained attention. SPMs are mediators that include ω-6 arachidonic acid-derived lipoxins, ω-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived resolvins, protectins and maresins, cysteinyl-SPMs, as well as n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)-derived SPMs. These novel immunoresolvents, their biosynthetic pathways and receptors have proven to promote resolution of inflammation, clearance of microbes, reduce pain and promote tissue regeneration via specific cellular and molecular mechanisms. As of 17 August, 2020, PubMed.gov reported >1170 publications for resolvins, confirming their potent protective actions from many laboratories worldwide. Since this field is rapidly expanding, we provide a short update of advances within 2-3 years from human and preclinical animal studies, together with the structural-functional elucidation of SPMs and identification of novel SPM receptors. These new discoveries indicate that SPMs, their pathways and receptors could provide a basis for new approaches for treating inflammation-associated diseases and for stimulating tissue regeneration via resolution pharmacology and precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A
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50
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Ng B, Dong J, Viswanathan S, Widjaja AA, Paleja BS, Adami E, Ko NSJ, Wang M, Lim S, Tan J, Chothani SP, Albani S, Schafer S, Cook SA. Fibroblast-specific IL11 signaling drives chronic inflammation in murine fibrotic lung disease. FASEB J 2020; 34:11802-11815. [PMID: 32656894 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001045rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive pulmonary injury causes fibrosis and inflammation that underlies chronic lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Interleukin 11 (IL11) is important for pulmonary fibroblast activation but the contribution of fibroblast-specific IL11 activity to lung fibro-inflammation is not known. To address this gap in knowledge, we generated mice with loxP-flanked Il11ra1 and deleted the IL11 receptor in adult fibroblasts (CKO mice). In the bleomycin (BLM) model of lung fibrosis, CKO mice had reduced fibrosis, lesser fibroblast ERK activation, and diminished immune cell STAT3 phosphorylation. Following BLM injury, acute inflammation in CKO mice was similar to controls but chronic immune infiltrates and pro-inflammatory gene activation, including NF-kB phosphorylation, were notably reduced. Therapeutic prevention of IL11 activity with neutralizing antibodies mirrored the effects of genetic deletion of Il11ra1 in fibroblasts. These data reveal a new function for IL11 in pro-inflammatory lung fibroblasts and highlight the important contribution of the stroma to inflammation in pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ng
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinrui Dong
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sivakumar Viswanathan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anissa A Widjaja
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bhairav S Paleja
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eleonora Adami
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole S J Ko
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mao Wang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stella Lim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jessie Tan
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sonia P Chothani
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Salvatore Albani
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stuart A Cook
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
- MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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