1
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Shi YH, Sun ZH, Wang YY, Wang ZA, Zhang YR, Ma WG, Liu HT, Zhao K, Song JC, Liang GH, Mei ZY, Zhang JC, Li H, Chen CT, Song X, Wang J, Xue G, Yu H, Huang K, Xiang Z, Xu K, Zheng D, Fan H. Probing spin hydrodynamics on a superconducting quantum simulator. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7573. [PMID: 39217151 PMCID: PMC11366024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the nature of hydrodynamical transport properties in quantum dynamics provides valuable insights into the fundamental understanding of exotic non-equilibrium phases of matter. Experimentally simulating infinite-temperature transport on large-scale complex quantum systems is of considerable interest. Here, using a controllable and coherent superconducting quantum simulator, we experimentally realize the analog quantum circuit, which can efficiently prepare the Haar-random states, and probe spin transport at infinite temperature. We observe diffusive spin transport during the unitary evolution of the ladder-type quantum simulator with ergodic dynamics. Moreover, we explore the transport properties of the systems subjected to strong disorder or a tilted potential, revealing signatures of anomalous subdiffusion in accompany with the breakdown of thermalization. Our work demonstrates a scalable method of probing infinite-temperature spin transport on analog quantum simulators, which paves the way to study other intriguing out-of-equilibrium phenomena from the perspective of transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hao Shi
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Hang Sun
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Yi Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-An Wang
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Ran Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Guo Ma
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Tian Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Song
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Han Liang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Mei
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Chi Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chi-Tong Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jieci Wang
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangming Xue
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixuan Huang
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongcheng Xiang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China.
| | - Kai Xu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, UCAS, Beijing, China.
| | - Dongning Zheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, UCAS, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, UCAS, Beijing, China.
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2
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Payne Torres LI, Schouten AO, Mazziotti DA. Lifetime of Strongly Correlated States on Near-Term Quantum Computers. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:7269-7276. [PMID: 39150036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Here we study the lifetime of strongly correlated stationary states on quantum computers. We find that these states develop a nontrivial time dependence due to the presence of noise on current devices. After an exciton-condensate state is prepared, its behavior is observed with respect to unitary operations that should preserve the stationarity of the state. Instead of stationarity, however, we observe nontrivial time dependence in which the large eigenvalue of the particle-hole reduced density matrix─the exciton population of the condensate─decays toward unity, reflecting the loss of entanglement and off-diagonal long-range order. The result offers insight into the challenge of simulating strongly correlated systems on near-term quantum devices and highlights the importance of developing novel strategies for error mitigation that can preserve many-body correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian I Payne Torres
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Anna O Schouten
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - David A Mazziotti
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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3
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Yoshida T, Zhang SB, Neupert T, Kawakami N. Non-Hermitian Mott Skin Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:076502. [PMID: 39213584 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.076502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
We propose a novel type of skin effects in non-Hermitian quantum many-body systems that we dub a "non-Hermitian Mott skin effect." This phenomenon is induced by the interplay between strong correlations and the non-Hermitian point-gap topology. The Mott skin effect induces extreme sensitivity to the boundary conditions only in the spin degree of freedom (i.e., the charge distribution is not sensitive to boundary conditions), which is in sharp contrast to the ordinary non-Hermitian skin effect in noninteracting systems. Concretely, we elucidate that a bosonic non-Hermitian chain exhibits the Mott skin effect in the strongly correlated regime by closely examining an effective Hamiltonian. The emergence of the Mott skin effect is also supported by numerical diagonalization of the bosonic chain. The difference between the ordinary non-Hermitian skin effect and the Mott skin effect is also reflected in the time evolution of physical quantities; under the time evolution spin accumulation is observed while the charge distribution remains spatially uniform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Norio Kawakami
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
- Fundamental Quantum Science Program, TRIP Headquarters, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan
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4
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Du B, Suresh R, López S, Cadiente J, Ma R. Probing Site-Resolved Current in Strongly Interacting Superconducting Circuit Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:060601. [PMID: 39178460 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Transport measurements are fundamental for understanding condensed matter phenomena, from superconductivity to the fractional quantum Hall effect. Analogously, they can be powerful tools for probing synthetic quantum matter in quantum simulators. Here we demonstrate the measurement of in situ particle current in a superconducting circuit lattice and apply it to study transport in both coherent and bath-coupled lattices. Our method utilizes controlled tunneling in a double-well potential to map current to on-site density, revealing site-resolved current and current statistics. We prepare a strongly interacting Bose-Hubbard lattice at different lattice fillings, and observe the change in current statistics as the many-body states transition from superfluid to Mott insulator. Furthermore, we explore nonequilibrium current dynamics by coupling the lattice to engineered driven-dissipative baths that serve as tunable particle source and drain. We observe steady-state current in discrete conduction channels and interaction-assisted transport. These results establish a versatile platform to investigate microscopic quantum transport in superconducting circuits.
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5
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Roberts G, Vrajitoarea A, Saxberg B, Panetta MG, Simon J, Schuster DI. Manybody interferometry of quantum fluids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado1069. [PMID: 39028806 PMCID: PMC11259156 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Characterizing strongly correlated matter is an increasingly central challenge in quantum science, where structure is often obscured by massive entanglement. It is becoming clear that in the quantum regime, state preparation and characterization should not be treated separately-entangling the two processes provides a quantum advantage in information extraction. Here, we present an approach that we term "manybody Ramsey interferometry" that combines adiabatic state preparation and Ramsey spectroscopy: Leveraging our recently developed one-to-one mapping between computational-basis states and manybody eigenstates, we prepare a superposition of manybody eigenstates controlled by the state of an ancilla qubit, allow the superposition to evolve relative phase, and then reverse the preparation protocol to disentangle the ancilla while localizing phase information back into it. Ancilla tomography then extracts information about the manybody eigenstates, the associated excitation spectrum, and thermodynamic observables. This work illustrates the potential for using quantum computers to efficiently probe quantum matter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrei Vrajitoarea
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Quantum Information Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brendan Saxberg
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Simon
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David I. Schuster
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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6
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Onizhuk M, Wang YX, Nagura J, Clerk AA, Galli G. Understanding Central Spin Decoherence Due to Interacting Dissipative Spin Baths. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:250401. [PMID: 38996232 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.250401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
We propose a new approach to simulate the decoherence of a central spin coupled to an interacting dissipative spin bath with cluster-correlation expansion techniques. We benchmark the approach on generic 1D and 2D spin baths and find excellent agreement with numerically exact simulations. Our calculations show a complex interplay between dissipation and coherent spin exchange, leading to increased central spin coherence in the presence of fast dissipation. Finally, we model near-surface nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond and show that accounting for bath dissipation is crucial to understanding their decoherence. Our method can be applied to a variety of systems and provides a powerful tool to investigate spin dynamics in dissipative environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Giulia Galli
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Materials Science Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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7
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Li S, Ni Z, Zhang L, Cai Y, Mai J, Wen S, Zheng P, Deng X, Liu S, Xu Y, Yu D. Autonomous Stabilization of Fock States in an Oscillator against Multiphoton Losses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:203602. [PMID: 38829095 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.203602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Fock states with a well-defined number of photons in an oscillator have shown a wide range of applications in quantum information science. Nonetheless, their usefulness has been marred by single and multiphoton losses due to unavoidable environment-induced dissipation. Though several dissipation engineering methods have been developed to counteract the leading single-photon-loss error, averting multiple-photon losses remains elusive. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a dissipation engineering method that autonomously stabilizes multiphoton Fock states against losses of multiple photons using a cascaded selective photon-addition operation in a superconducting quantum circuit. Through measuring the photon-number populations and Wigner tomography of the oscillator states, we observe a prolonged preservation of nonclassical Wigner negativities for the stabilized Fock states |N⟩ with N=1, 2, 3 for a duration of about 10 ms. Furthermore, the dissipation engineering method demonstrated here also facilitates the implementation of a nonunitary operation for resetting a binomially encoded logical qubit. These results highlight potential applications in error-correctable quantum information processing against multiple-photon-loss errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Li
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhongchu Ni
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanyan Cai
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiasheng Mai
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shengcheng Wen
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pan Zheng
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaowei Deng
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Song Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Dapeng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shenzhen 518048, China
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8
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Wang C, Liu FM, Chen MC, Chen H, Zhao XH, Ying C, Shang ZX, Wang JW, Huo YH, Peng CZ, Zhu X, Lu CY, Pan JW. Realization of fractional quantum Hall state with interacting photons. Science 2024; 384:579-584. [PMID: 38696580 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado3912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states are known for their robust topological order and possess properties that are appealing for applications in fault-tolerant quantum computing. An engineered quantum platform would provide opportunities to operate FQH states without an external magnetic field and enhance local and coherent manipulation of these exotic states. We demonstrate a lattice version of photon FQH states using a programmable on-chip platform based on photon blockade and engineering gauge fields on a two-dimensional circuit quantum electrodynamics system. We observe the effective photon Lorentz force and butterfly spectrum in the artificial gauge field, a prerequisite for FQH states. After adiabatic assembly of Laughlin FQH wave function of 1/2 filling factor from localized photons, we observe strong density correlation and chiral topological flow among the FQH photons. We then verify the unique features of FQH states in response to external fields, including the incompressibility of generating quasiparticles and the smoking-gun signature of fractional quantum Hall conductivity. Our work illustrates a route to the creation and manipulation of novel strongly correlated topological quantum matter composed of photons and opens up possibilities for fault-tolerant quantum information devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Feng-Ming Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - He Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Xian-He Zhao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Chong Ying
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Zhong-Xia Shang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jian-Wen Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yong-Heng Huo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Peng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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9
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Ganjam S, Wang Y, Lu Y, Banerjee A, Lei CU, Krayzman L, Kisslinger K, Zhou C, Li R, Jia Y, Liu M, Frunzio L, Schoelkopf RJ. Surpassing millisecond coherence in on chip superconducting quantum memories by optimizing materials and circuit design. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3687. [PMID: 38693124 PMCID: PMC11063213 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47857-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The performance of superconducting quantum circuits for quantum computing has advanced tremendously in recent decades; however, a comprehensive understanding of relaxation mechanisms does not yet exist. In this work, we utilize a multimode approach to characterizing energy losses in superconducting quantum circuits, with the goals of predicting device performance and improving coherence through materials, process, and circuit design optimization. Using this approach, we measure significant reductions in surface and bulk dielectric losses by employing a tantalum-based materials platform and annealed sapphire substrates. With this knowledge we predict the relaxation times of aluminum- and tantalum-based transmon qubits, and find that they are consistent with experimental results. We additionally optimize device geometry to maximize coherence within a coaxial tunnel architecture, and realize on-chip quantum memories with single-photon Ramsey times of 2.0 - 2.7 ms, limited by their energy relaxation times of 1.0 - 1.4 ms. These results demonstrate an advancement towards a more modular and compact coaxial circuit architecture for bosonic qubits with reproducibly high coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Ganjam
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA.
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA.
| | - Yanhao Wang
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Yao Lu
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Archan Banerjee
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Chan U Lei
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Lev Krayzman
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Kim Kisslinger
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, 11973, NY, USA
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, 11973, NY, USA
| | - Ruoshui Li
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, 11973, NY, USA
| | - Yichen Jia
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, 11973, NY, USA
| | - Mingzhao Liu
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, 11973, NY, USA
| | - Luigi Frunzio
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Robert J Schoelkopf
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA.
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA.
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10
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Karamlou AH, Rosen IT, Muschinske SE, Barrett CN, Di Paolo A, Ding L, Harrington PM, Hays M, Das R, Kim DK, Niedzielski BM, Schuldt M, Serniak K, Schwartz ME, Yoder JL, Gustavsson S, Yanay Y, Grover JA, Oliver WD. Probing entanglement in a 2D hard-core Bose-Hubbard lattice. Nature 2024; 629:561-566. [PMID: 38658761 PMCID: PMC11096108 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Entanglement and its propagation are central to understanding many physical properties of quantum systems1-3. Notably, within closed quantum many-body systems, entanglement is believed to yield emergent thermodynamic behaviour4-7. However, a universal understanding remains challenging owing to the non-integrability and computational intractability of most large-scale quantum systems. Quantum hardware platforms provide a means to study the formation and scaling of entanglement in interacting many-body systems8-14. Here we use a controllable 4 × 4 array of superconducting qubits to emulate a 2D hard-core Bose-Hubbard (HCBH) lattice. We generate superposition states by simultaneously driving all lattice sites and extract correlation lengths and entanglement entropy across its many-body energy spectrum. We observe volume-law entanglement scaling for states at the centre of the spectrum and a crossover to the onset of area-law scaling near its edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Karamlou
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Google Quantum AI, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Ilan T Rosen
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarah E Muschinske
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cora N Barrett
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA
| | - Agustin Di Paolo
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leon Ding
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick M Harrington
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Max Hays
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kyle Serniak
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Simon Gustavsson
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yariv Yanay
- Laboratory for Physical Sciences, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Grover
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William D Oliver
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA.
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11
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Ferreira J, Jin T, Mannhart J, Giamarchi T, Filippone M. Transport and Nonreciprocity in Monitored Quantum Devices: An Exact Study. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:136301. [PMID: 38613271 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.136301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We study noninteracting fermionic systems undergoing continuous monitoring and driven by biased reservoirs. Averaging over the measurement outcomes, we derive exact formulas for the particle and heat flows in the system. We show that these currents feature competing elastic and inelastic components, which depend nontrivially on the monitoring strength γ. We highlight that monitor-induced inelastic processes lead to nonreciprocal currents, allowing one to extract work from measurements without active feedback control. We illustrate our formalism with two distinct monitoring schemes providing measurement-induced power or cooling. Optimal performances are found for values of the monitoring strength γ, which are hard to address with perturbative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ferreira
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, École de Physique University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tony Jin
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, École de Physique University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jochen Mannhart
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thierry Giamarchi
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, École de Physique University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michele Filippone
- IRIG-MEM-L_Sim, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble INP, Grenoble 38000, France
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12
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Mi X, Michailidis AA, Shabani S, Miao KC, Klimov PV, Lloyd J, Rosenberg E, Acharya R, Aleiner I, Andersen TI, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Chou C, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Dau AG, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Drozdov IK, Dunsworth A, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Genois É, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Malone FD, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Roushan P, Smelyanskiy V, Abanin DA. Stable quantum-correlated many-body states through engineered dissipation. Science 2024; 383:1332-1337. [PMID: 38513021 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Engineered dissipative reservoirs have the potential to steer many-body quantum systems toward correlated steady states useful for quantum simulation of high-temperature superconductivity or quantum magnetism. Using up to 49 superconducting qubits, we prepared low-energy states of the transverse-field Ising model through coupling to dissipative auxiliary qubits. In one dimension, we observed long-range quantum correlations and a ground-state fidelity of 0.86 for 18 qubits at the critical point. In two dimensions, we found mutual information that extends beyond nearest neighbors. Lastly, by coupling the system to auxiliaries emulating reservoirs with different chemical potentials, we explored transport in the quantum Heisenberg model. Our results establish engineered dissipation as a scalable alternative to unitary evolution for preparing entangled many-body states on noisy quantum processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A A Michailidis
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Shabani
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Lloyd
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - I Aleiner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Ansmann
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Chik
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Chou
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Cogan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A G Dau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - É Genois
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Gosula
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M C Hamilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - M Hansen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - P Heu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Centre for Quantum Software and Information (QSI), Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J H Ng
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L P Pryadko
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - C Rocque
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Shutty
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W C Smith
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Somma
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B W K Woo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z J Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Young
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zobrist
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D A Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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13
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Gao B, Suárez-Forero DG, Sarkar S, Huang TS, Session D, Mehrabad MJ, Ni R, Xie M, Upadhyay P, Vannucci J, Mittal S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Imamoglu A, Zhou Y, Hafezi M. Excitonic Mott insulator in a Bose-Fermi-Hubbard system of moiré WS 2/WSe 2 heterobilayer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2305. [PMID: 38485728 PMCID: PMC11258127 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the Hubbard model is crucial for investigating various quantum many-body states and its fermionic and bosonic versions have been largely realized separately. Recently, transition metal dichalcogenides heterobilayers have emerged as a promising platform for simulating the rich physics of the Hubbard model. In this work, we explore the interplay between fermionic and bosonic populations, using a WS2/WSe2 heterobilayer device that hosts this hybrid particle density. We independently tune the fermionic and bosonic populations by electronic doping and optical injection of electron-hole pairs, respectively. This enables us to form strongly interacting excitons that are manifested in a large energy gap in the photoluminescence spectrum. The incompressibility of excitons is further corroborated by observing a suppression of exciton diffusion with increasing pump intensity, as opposed to the expected behavior of a weakly interacting gas of bosons, suggesting the formation of a bosonic Mott insulator. We explain our observations using a two-band model including phase space filling. Our system provides a controllable approach to the exploration of quantum many-body effects in the generalized Bose-Fermi-Hubbard model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beini Gao
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Supratik Sarkar
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Tsung-Sheng Huang
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Deric Session
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Ruihao Ni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ming Xie
- Condensed Matter Theory Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Pranshoo Upadhyay
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Vannucci
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sunil Mittal
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Atac Imamoglu
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Maryland Quantum Materials Center, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad Hafezi
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Martinez JGC, Chiu CS, Smitham BM, Houck AA. Flat-band localization and interaction-induced delocalization of photons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj7195. [PMID: 38100585 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj7195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Lattices with dispersionless, or flat, energy bands have attracted substantial interest in part due to the strong dependence of particle dynamics on interactions. Using superconducting circuits, we experimentally study the dynamics of one and two particles in a single plaquette of a lattice whose band structure consists entirely of flat bands. We first observe strictly localized dynamics of a single particle, the hallmark of all-bands-flat physics. Upon initializing two particles on the same site, we see an interaction-enabled delocalized walk across the plaquette. We further find localization in Fock space for two particles initialized on opposite sides of the plaquette. These results mark the first experimental observation of a quantum walk that becomes delocalized due to interactions and establishes a key building block in superconducting circuits for studying flat-band dynamics with strong interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeronimo G C Martinez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Christie S Chiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Basil M Smitham
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Andrew A Houck
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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15
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Caleffi F, Capone M, Carusotto I. Collective Excitations of a Strongly Correlated Nonequilibrium Photon Fluid across the Insulator-Superfluid Phase Transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:193604. [PMID: 38000432 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.193604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
We develop a Gutzwiller theory for the nonequilibrium steady states of a strongly interacting photon fluid driven by a non-Markovian incoherent pump. In particular, we explore the collective modes of the system across the out-of-equilibrium insulator-superfluid transition of the system, characterizing the diffusive Goldstone mode in the superfluid phase and the excitation of particles and holes in the insulating one. Observable features in the pump-and-probe optical response of the system are highlighted. Our predictions are experimentally accessible to state-of-the-art circuit-QED devices and open the way for the study of novel driven-dissipative many-body scenarios with no counterparts at equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Caleffi
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Massimo Capone
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
- CNR-IOM Democritos, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Iacopo Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, Via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Povo, Italy
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16
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Lu Y, Maiti A, Garmon JWO, Ganjam S, Zhang Y, Claes J, Frunzio L, Girvin SM, Schoelkopf RJ. High-fidelity parametric beamsplitting with a parity-protected converter. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5767. [PMID: 37723141 PMCID: PMC10507116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast, high-fidelity operations between microwave resonators are an important tool for bosonic quantum computation and simulation with superconducting circuits. An attractive approach for implementing these operations is to couple these resonators via a nonlinear converter and actuate parametric processes with RF drives. It can be challenging to make these processes simultaneously fast and high fidelity, since this requires introducing strong drives without activating parasitic processes or introducing additional decoherence channels. We show that in addition to a careful management of drive frequencies and the spectrum of environmental noise, leveraging the inbuilt symmetries of the converter Hamiltonian can suppress unwanted nonlinear interactions, preventing converter-induced decoherence. We demonstrate these principles using a differentially-driven DC-SQUID as our converter, coupled to two high-Q microwave cavities. Using this architecture, we engineer a highly-coherent beamsplitter and fast (~100 ns) swaps between the cavities, limited primarily by their intrinsic single-photon loss. We characterize this beamsplitter in the cavities' joint single-photon subspace, and show that we can detect and post-select photon loss events to achieve a beamsplitter gate fidelity exceeding 99.98%, which to our knowledge far surpasses the current state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA.
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA.
| | - Aniket Maiti
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA.
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA.
| | - John W O Garmon
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Suhas Ganjam
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Yaxing Zhang
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Jahan Claes
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Luigi Frunzio
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Steven M Girvin
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Robert J Schoelkopf
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA.
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA.
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17
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Saxena A, Manna A, Trivedi R, Majumdar A. Realizing tight-binding Hamiltonians using site-controlled coupled cavity arrays. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5260. [PMID: 37644050 PMCID: PMC10465588 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Analog quantum simulators rely on programmable and scalable quantum devices to emulate Hamiltonians describing various physical phenomenon. Photonic coupled cavity arrays are a promising alternative platform for realizing such simulators, due to their potential for scalability, small size, and high-temperature operability. However, programmability and nonlinearity in photonic cavities remain outstanding challenges. Here, using a silicon photonic coupled cavity array made up of [Formula: see text] high quality factor ([Formula: see text] up to[Formula: see text]) resonators and equipped with specially designed thermo-optic island heaters for independent control of cavities, we demonstrate a programmable photonic cavity array in the telecom regime, implementing tight-binding Hamiltonians with access to the full eigenenergy spectrum. We report a [Formula: see text] reduction in the thermal crosstalk between neighboring sites of the cavity array compared to traditional heaters, and then present a control scheme to program the cavity array to a given tight-binding Hamiltonian. The ability to independently program high-Q photonic cavities, along with the compatibility of silicon photonics to high volume manufacturing opens new opportunities for scalable quantum simulation using telecom regime infrared photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhi Saxena
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Arnab Manna
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Rahul Trivedi
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Arka Majumdar
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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18
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Behrle T, Nguyen TL, Reiter F, Baur D, de Neeve B, Stadler M, Marinelli M, Lancellotti F, Yelin SF, Home JP. Phonon Laser in the Quantum Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:043605. [PMID: 37566845 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.043605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a trapped-ion system with two competing dissipation channels, implemented independently on two ion species cotrapped in a Paul trap. By controlling coherent spin-oscillator couplings and optical pumping rates we explore the phase diagram of this system, which exhibits a regime analogous to that of a (phonon) laser but operates close to the quantum ground state with an average phonon number of n[over ¯]<10. We demonstrate phase locking of the oscillator to an additional resonant drive, and also observe the phase diffusion of the resulting state under dissipation by reconstructing the quantum state from a measurement of the characteristic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Behrle
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T L Nguyen
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Reiter
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Baur
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B de Neeve
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Stadler
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Marinelli
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Lancellotti
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S F Yelin
- Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J P Home
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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19
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Chen QM, Fischer M, Nojiri Y, Renger M, Xie E, Partanen M, Pogorzalek S, Fedorov KG, Marx A, Deppe F, Gross R. Quantum behavior of the Duffing oscillator at the dissipative phase transition. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2896. [PMID: 37210421 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-deterministic behavior of the Duffing oscillator is classically attributed to the coexistence of two steady states in a double-well potential. However, this interpretation fails in the quantum-mechanical perspective which predicts a single unique steady state. Here, we measure the non-equilibrium dynamics of a superconducting Duffing oscillator and experimentally reconcile the classical and quantum descriptions as indicated by the Liouvillian spectral theory. We demonstrate that the two classically regarded steady states are in fact quantum metastable states. They have a remarkably long lifetime but must eventually relax into the single unique steady state allowed by quantum mechanics. By engineering their lifetime, we observe a first-order dissipative phase transition and reveal the two distinct phases by quantum state tomography. Our results reveal a smooth quantum state evolution behind a sudden dissipative phase transition and form an essential step towards understanding the intriguing phenomena in driven-dissipative systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ming Chen
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Michael Fischer
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Yuki Nojiri
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Renger
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Edwar Xie
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Matti Partanen
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany
- IQM, Keilaranta 19, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Stefan Pogorzalek
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
- IQM, Nymphenburger Str. 86, 80636, Munich, Germany
| | - Kirill G Fedorov
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Achim Marx
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Frank Deppe
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799, Munich, Germany.
- IQM, Nymphenburger Str. 86, 80636, Munich, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Gross
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799, Munich, Germany.
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20
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Parto M, Leefmans C, Williams J, Nori F, Marandi A. Non-Abelian effects in dissipative photonic topological lattices. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1440. [PMID: 36922499 PMCID: PMC10017693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Topology is central to phenomena that arise in a variety of fields, ranging from quantum field theory to quantum information science to condensed matter physics. Recently, the study of topology has been extended to open systems, leading to a plethora of intriguing effects such as topological lasing, exceptional surfaces, as well as non-Hermitian bulk-boundary correspondence. Here, we show that Bloch eigenstates associated with lattices with dissipatively coupled elements exhibit geometric properties that cannot be described via scalar Berry phases, in sharp contrast to conservative Hamiltonians with non-degenerate energy levels. This unusual behavior can be attributed to the significant population exchanges among the corresponding dissipation bands of such lattices. Using a one-dimensional example, we show both theoretically and experimentally that such population exchanges can manifest themselves via matrix-valued operators in the corresponding Bloch dynamics. In two-dimensional lattices, such matrix-valued operators can form non-commuting pairs and lead to non-Abelian dynamics, as confirmed by our numerical simulations. Our results point to new ways in which the combined effect of topology and engineered dissipation can lead to non-Abelian topological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midya Parto
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Christian Leefmans
- Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - James Williams
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing, Wakoshi, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alireza Marandi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. .,Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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21
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Roberts D, Clerk AA. Competition between Two-Photon Driving, Dissipation, and Interactions in Bosonic Lattice Models: An Exact Solution. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:063601. [PMID: 36827562 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.063601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We present an exact solution in arbitrary dimensions for the steady states of a class of quantum driven-dissipative bosonic models, where a set of modes is subject to arbitrary two-photon driving, single-photon loss, and a global Hubbard (or Kerr)-like interaction. Our solutions reveal a wealth of striking phenomena, including the emergence of dissipative phase transitions, nontrivial mode competition physics and symmetry breaking, and the stabilization of many-body SU(1,1) pair-coherent states. Our exact solutions enable the description of spatial correlations, and are fully valid in regimes where traditional mean-field and semiclassical approaches break down.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Roberts
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637 Illinois, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637 Illinois, USA
| | - A A Clerk
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637 Illinois, USA
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22
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Stable Many-Body Resonances in Open Quantum Systems. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14122562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodically driven quantum many-body systems exhibit novel nonequilibrium states, such as prethermalization, discrete time crystals, and many-body localization. Recently, the general mechanism of fractional resonances has been proposed that leads to slowing the many-body dynamics in systems with both U(1) and parity symmetry. Here, we show that fractional resonance is stable under local noise models. To corroborate our finding, we numerically study the dynamics of a small-scale Bose–Hubbard model that can readily be implemented in existing noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Our findings suggest a possible pathway toward a stable nonequilibrium state of matter, with potential applications of quantum memories for quantum information processing.
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23
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Petiziol F, Eckardt A. Cavity-Based Reservoir Engineering for Floquet-Engineered Superconducting Circuits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:233601. [PMID: 36563197 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.233601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Considering the example of superconducting circuits, we show how Floquet engineering can be combined with reservoir engineering for the controlled preparation of target states. Floquet engineering refers to the control of a quantum system by means of time-periodic forcing, typically in the high-frequency regime, so that the system is governed effectively by a time-independent Floquet Hamiltonian with novel interesting properties. Reservoir engineering, on the other hand, can be achieved in superconducting circuits by coupling a system of artificial atoms (or qubits) dispersively to pumped leaky cavities, so that the induced dissipation guides the system into a desired target state. It is not obvious that the two approaches can be combined, since reaching the dispersive regime, in which system and cavities exchange excitations only virtually, can be spoiled by driving-induced resonant transitions. However, working in the extended Floquet space and treating both system-cavity coupling as well as driving-induced excitation processes on the same footing perturbatively, we identify regimes, where reservoir engineering of targeted Floquet states is possible and accurately described by an effective time-independent master equation. We successfully benchmark our approach for the preparation of the ground state in a system of interacting bosons subjected to Floquet-engineered magnetic fields in different lattice geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Petiziol
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hardenbergstraße 36, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - André Eckardt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hardenbergstraße 36, Berlin 10623, Germany
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24
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Disorder-assisted assembly of strongly correlated fluids of light. Nature 2022; 612:435-441. [PMID: 36517711 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Guiding many-body systems to desired states is a central challenge of modern quantum science, with applications from quantum computation1,2 to many-body physics3 and quantum-enhanced metrology4. Approaches to solving this problem include step-by-step assembly5,6, reservoir engineering to irreversibly pump towards a target state7,8 and adiabatic evolution from a known initial state9,10. Here we construct low-entropy quantum fluids of light in a Bose-Hubbard circuit by combining particle-by-particle assembly and adiabatic preparation. We inject individual photons into a disordered lattice for which the eigenstates are known and localized, then adiabatically remove this disorder, enabling quantum fluctuations to melt the photons into a fluid. Using our platform11, we first benchmark this lattice melting technique by building and characterizing arbitrary single-particle-in-a-box states, then assemble multiparticle strongly correlated fluids. Intersite entanglement measurements performed through single-site tomography indicate that the particles in the fluid delocalize, whereas two-body density correlation measurements demonstrate that they also avoid one another, revealing Friedel oscillations characteristic of a Tonks-Girardeau gas12,13. This work opens new possibilities for the preparation of topological and otherwise exotic phases of synthetic matter3,14,15.
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25
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Zhao SK, Ge ZY, Xiang Z, Xue GM, Yan HS, Wang ZT, Wang Z, Xu HK, Su FF, Yang ZH, Zhang H, Zhang YR, Guo XY, Xu K, Tian Y, Yu HF, Zheng DN, Fan H, Zhao SP. Probing Operator Spreading via Floquet Engineering in a Superconducting Circuit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:160602. [PMID: 36306769 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.160602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Operator spreading, often characterized by out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs), is one of the central concepts in quantum many-body physics. However, measuring OTOCs is experimentally challenging due to the requirement of reversing the time evolution of systems. Here we apply Floquet engineering to investigate operator spreading in a superconducting 10-qubit chain. Floquet engineering provides an effective way to tune the coupling strength between nearby qubits, which is used to demonstrate quantum walks with tunable couplings, reversed time evolution, and the measurement of OTOCs. A clear light-cone-like operator propagation is observed in the system with multiple excitations, and has a nearly equal velocity as the single-particle quantum walk. For the butterfly operator that is nonlocal (local) under the Jordan-Wigner transformation, the OTOCs show distinct behaviors with (without) a signature of information scrambling in the near integrable system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zi-Yong Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhongcheng Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - G M Xue
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - H S Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Z T Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - H K Xu
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - F F Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Z H Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - He Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Ran Zhang
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xue-Yi Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, UCAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - H F Yu
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - D N Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, UCAS, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, UCAS, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - S P Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, UCAS, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
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26
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Marino J. Universality Class of Ising Critical States with Long-Range Losses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:050603. [PMID: 35960567 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We show that spatial resolved dissipation can act on d-dimensional spin systems in the Ising universality class by qualitatively modifying the nature of their critical points. We consider power-law decaying spin losses with a Lindbladian spectrum closing at small momenta as ∝q^{α}, with α a positive tunable exponent directly related to the power-law decay of the spatial profile of losses at long distances, 1/r^{(α+d)}. This yields a class of soft modes asymptotically decoupled from dissipation at small momenta, which are responsible for the emergence of a critical scaling regime ascribable to the nonunitary counterpart of the universality class of long-range interacting Ising models. For α<1 we find a nonequilibrium critical point ruled by a dynamical field theory described by a Langevin model with coexisting inertial (∼∂_{t}^{2}) and frictional (∼∂_{t}) kinetic coefficients, and driven by a gapless Markovian noise with variance ∝q^{α} at small momenta. This effective field theory is beyond the Halperin-Hohenberg description of dynamical criticality, and its critical exponents differ from their unitary long-range counterparts. Our Letter lays out perspectives for a revision of universality in driven open systems by employing dark states tailored by programmable dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamir Marino
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany and Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-4030, USA
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27
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Trade off-free entanglement stabilization in a superconducting qutrit-qubit system. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3994. [PMID: 35810169 PMCID: PMC9271051 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum reservoir engineering is a powerful framework for autonomous quantum state preparation and error correction. However, traditional approaches to reservoir engineering are hindered by unavoidable coherent leakage out of the target state, which imposes an inherent trade off between achievable steady-state state fidelity and stabilization rate. In this work we demonstrate a protocol that achieves trade off-free Bell state stabilization in a qutrit-qubit system realized on a circuit-QED platform. We accomplish this by creating a purely dissipative channel for population transfer into the target state, mediated by strong parametric interactions coupling the second-excited state of a superconducting transmon and the engineered bath resonator. Our scheme achieves a state preparation fidelity of 84% with a stabilization time constant of 339 ns, leading to a 54 ns error-time product in a solid-state quantum information platform.
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28
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Bloch J, Cavalleri A, Galitski V, Hafezi M, Rubio A. Strongly correlated electron-photon systems. Nature 2022; 606:41-48. [PMID: 35614214 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04726-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An important goal of modern condensed-matter physics involves the search for states of matter with emergent properties and desirable functionalities. Although the tools for material design remain relatively limited, notable advances have been recently achieved by controlling interactions at heterointerfaces, precise alignment of low-dimensional materials and the use of extreme pressures. Here we highlight a paradigm based on controlling light-matter interactions, which provides a way to manipulate and synthesize strongly correlated quantum matter. We consider the case in which both electron-electron and electron-photon interactions are strong and give rise to a variety of phenomena. Photon-mediated superconductivity, cavity fractional quantum Hall physics and optically driven topological phenomena in low dimensions are among the frontiers discussed in this Perspective, which highlights a field that we term here 'strongly correlated electron-photon science'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Bloch
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Universite Paris Saclay - CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - Andrea Cavalleri
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victor Galitski
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Mohammad Hafezi
- Departments of Physics and ECE, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Li S, Yan XX, Gao JH, Hu Y. Circuit quantum electrodynamics simulator of the two-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model: higher-order topological phase transition induced by a continuously varying magnetic field. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:17054-17069. [PMID: 36221536 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Higher-order topological insulator (HOTI) occupies an important position in topological band theory due to its exotic bulk-edge correspondence. Recently, it has been predicted that external magnetic field can induce novel topological phases in 2D HOTIs. However, up to now the theoretical description is still incomplete and the experimental realization is still lacking. Here we proposed a superconducting quantum circuit simulator of 2D Su-Schriffer-Heeger lattice, which is one of the most celebrated HOTI models, and investigate consequently the influence of the continuously varying magnetic field. By using the parametric conversion coupling method, we can establish in principle the time- and site-resolved tunable hopping constants in the proposed architecture, thus providing an ideal platform for investigating the higher-order topological phase transitions induced by continuously varying magnetic field. Our numerical calculation further shows that the higher-order topology of the lattice, which manifests itself through the existence of the zero energy corner modes, exhibit exotic and rich dependence on the imposed magnetic field and the inhomogeneous hopping strength. To probe the proposed magnetic-field-induced topological phase transition, we study the response of the lattice to the corner site pumping in the steady state limit, with results implying that the predicted topological phase boundaries can be unambiguously identified by the measurement of the corner sites and their few neighbors. Requiring only current level of technology, our scheme can be readily tested in experiment and may pave an alternative way towards the future investigation of HOTIs under various mechanisms including magnetic field, disorder, and strong correlation.
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30
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Kaur K, Sépulcre T, Roch N, Snyman I, Florens S, Bera S. Spin-Boson Quantum Phase Transition in Multilevel Superconducting Qubits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:237702. [PMID: 34936769 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.237702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Superconducting circuits are currently developed as a versatile platform for the exploration of many-body physics, by building on nonlinear elements that are often idealized as two-level qubits. A classic example is given by a charge qubit that is capacitively coupled to a transmission line, which leads to the celebrated spin-boson description of quantum dissipation. We show that the intrinsic multilevel structure of superconducting qubits drastically restricts the validity of the spin-boson paradigm due to phase localization, which spreads the wave function over many charge states. Numerical renormalization group simulations also show that the quantum critical point moves out of the physically accessible range in the multilevel regime. Imposing charge discreteness in a simple variational state accounts for these multilevel effects, which are relevant for a large class of devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuljeet Kaur
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Théo Sépulcre
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Roch
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Izak Snyman
- Mandelstam Institute for Theoretical Physics, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Serge Florens
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Soumya Bera
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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31
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Downing CA, Zueco D. Non-reciprocal population dynamics in a quantum trimer. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2021; 477:20210507. [PMID: 35153597 PMCID: PMC8595999 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2021.0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We study a quantum trimer of coupled two-level systems beyond the single-excitation sector, where the coherent coupling constants are ornamented by a complex phase. Accounting for losses and gain in an open quantum systems approach, we show how the mean populations of the states in the system crucially depend on the accumulated phase in the trimer. Namely, for non-trivial accumulated phases, the population dynamics and the steady states display remarkable non-reciprocal behaviour in both the singly and doubly excited manifolds. Furthermore, while the directionality of the resultant chiral current is primarily determined by the accumulated phase in the loop, the sign of the flow may also change depending on the coupling strength and the amount of gain in the system. This directionality paves the way for experimental studies of chiral currents at the nanoscale, where the phases of the complex hopping parameters are modulated by magnetic or synthetic magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Downing
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
| | - D. Zueco
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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32
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Li F, Xue K, Yi X. Nonlinear Topological Effects in Optical Coupled Hexagonal Lattice. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23111404. [PMID: 34828102 PMCID: PMC8624070 DOI: 10.3390/e23111404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Topological physics in optical lattices have attracted much attention in recent years. The nonlinear effects on such optical systems remain well-explored and a large amount of progress has been achieved. In this paper, under the mean-field approximation for a nonlinearly optical coupled boson-hexagonal lattice system, we calculate the nonlinear Dirac cone and discuss its dependence on the parameters of the system. Due to the special structure of the cone, the Berry phase (two-dimensional Zak phase) acquired around these Dirac cones is quantized, and the critical value can be modulated by interactions between different lattices sites. We numerically calculate the overall Aharonov-Bohm (AB) phase and find that it is also quantized, which provides a possible topological number by which we can characterize the quantum phases. Furthermore, we find that topological phase transition occurs when the band gap closes at the nonlinear Dirac points. This is different from linear systems, in which the transition happens when the band gap closes and reopens at the Dirac points.
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33
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Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Yin Z, Huai S, Gu X, Xu X, Allcock J, Liu F, Xi G, Yu Q, Zhang H, Zhang M, Li H, Song X, Wang Z, Zheng D, An S, Zheng Y, Zhang S. Rapid and unconditional parametric reset protocol for tunable superconducting qubits. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5924. [PMID: 34635663 PMCID: PMC8505451 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Qubit initialization is a critical task in quantum computation and communication. Extensive efforts have been made to achieve this with high speed, efficiency and scalability. However, previous approaches have either been measurement-based and required fast feedback, suffered from crosstalk or required sophisticated calibration. Here, we report a fast and high-fidelity reset scheme, avoiding the issues above without any additional chip architecture. By modulating the flux through a transmon qubit, we realize a swap between the qubit and its readout resonator that suppresses the excited state population to 0.08% ± 0.08% within 34 ns (284 ns if photon depletion of the resonator is required). Furthermore, our approach (i) can achieve effective second excited state depletion, (ii) has negligible effects on neighboring qubits, and (iii) offers a way to entangle the qubit with an itinerant single photon, useful in quantum communication applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Zelong Yin
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Sainan Huai
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Xiu Gu
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Xiong Xu
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Jonathan Allcock
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Fuming Liu
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Guanglei Xi
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Qiaonian Yu
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Hualiang Zhang
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Hekang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dongning Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuoming An
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China.
| | - Yarui Zheng
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Shengyu Zhang
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
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34
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Ma WL, Puri S, Schoelkopf RJ, Devoret MH, Girvin SM, Jiang L. Quantum control of bosonic modes with superconducting circuits. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1789-1805. [PMID: 36654386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bosonic modes have wide applications in various quantum technologies, such as optical photons for quantum communication, magnons in spin ensembles for quantum information storage and mechanical modes for reversible microwave-to-optical quantum transduction. There is emerging interest in utilizing bosonic modes for quantum information processing, with circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) as one of the leading architectures. Quantum information can be encoded into subspaces of a bosonic superconducting cavity mode with long coherence time. However, standard Gaussian operations (e.g., beam splitting and two-mode squeezing) are insufficient for universal quantum computing. The major challenge is to introduce additional nonlinear control beyond Gaussian operations without adding significant bosonic loss or decoherence. Here we review recent advances in universal control of a single bosonic code with superconducting circuits, including unitary control, quantum feedback control, driven-dissipative control and holonomic dissipative control. Various approaches to entangling different bosonic modes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Shruti Puri
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Robert J Schoelkopf
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Michel H Devoret
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - S M Girvin
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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35
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Japaridze GI, Cheraghi H, Mahdavifar S. Magnetic phase diagram of a spin-1/2 XXZ chain with modulated Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:014134. [PMID: 34412371 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.014134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We consider the ground-state phase diagram of a one-dimensional spin-1/2 XXZ chain with a spatially modulated Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in the presence of an alternating magnetic field applied along the z[over ̂] axis. The model is studied using the continuum-limit bosonization approach and the finite system exact numerical technique. In the absence of a magnetic field, the ground-state phase diagram of the model includes, besides the ferromagnetic and gapless Luttinger-liquid phases, two gapped phases: the composite (C1) phase characterized by the coexistence of long-range-ordered (LRO) alternating dimerization and spin chirality patterns, and the composite (C2) phase characterized by, in addition to the coexisting spin dimerization and alternating chirality patterns, the presence of LRO antiferromagnetic order. In the case of mentioned composite gapped phases, and in the case of a uniform magnetic field, the commensurate-incommensurate type quantum phase transitions from a gapful phase into a gapless phase have been identified and described using the bosonization treatment and finite chain exact diagonalization studies. The upper critical magnetic field corresponding to the transition into a fully polarized state has been also determined. It has been shown that the very presence of a staggered component of the magnetic field vapes the composite (C1) in favor of the composite gapped (C2) phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- G I Japaridze
- Center for Condensed Matter Theory and Quantum Computations Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Hadi Cheraghi
- Department of Physics, University of Guilan, 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeed Mahdavifar
- Department of Physics, University of Guilan, 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran
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36
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Azcona PM, Downing CA. Doublons, topology and interactions in a one-dimensional lattice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12540. [PMID: 34131200 PMCID: PMC8206211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate theoretically the Bose-Hubbard version of the celebrated Su-Schrieffer-Heeger topological model, which essentially describes a one-dimensional dimerized array of coupled oscillators with on-site interactions. We study the physics arising from the whole gamut of possible dimerizations of the chain, including both the weakly and the strongly dimerized limiting cases. Focusing on two-excitation subspace, we systematically uncover and characterize the different types of states which may emerge due to the competition between the inter-oscillator couplings, the intrinsic topology of the lattice, and the strength of the on-site interactions. In particular, we discuss the formation of scattering bands full of extended states, bound bands full of two-particle pairs (including so-called 'doublons', when the pair occupies the same lattice site), and different flavors of topological edge states. The features we describe may be realized in a plethora of systems, including nanoscale architectures such as photonic cavities, optical lattices and qubits, and provide perspectives for topological two-particle and many-body physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Martínez Azcona
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - C A Downing
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK.
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37
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Fedorov GP, Remizov SV, Shapiro DS, Pogosov WV, Egorova E, Tsitsilin I, Andronik M, Dobronosova AA, Rodionov IA, Astafiev OV, Ustinov AV. Photon Transport in a Bose-Hubbard Chain of Superconducting Artificial Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:180503. [PMID: 34018801 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.180503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate nonequilibrium steady-state photon transport through a chain of five coupled artificial atoms simulating the driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model. Using transmission spectroscopy, we show that the system retains many-particle coherence despite being coupled strongly to two open spaces. We find that cross-Kerr interaction between system states allows high-contrast spectroscopic visualization of the emergent energy bands. For vanishing disorder, we observe the transition of the system from the linear to nonlinear regime of photon blockade in excellent agreement with the input-output theory. Finally, we show how controllable disorder introduced to the system suppresses nonlocal photon transmission. We argue that proposed architecture may be applied to analog simulation of many-body Floquet dynamics with even larger arrays of artificial atoms paving an alternative way towards quantum supremacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Fedorov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprundiy, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Remizov
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125009 Moscow, Russia
| | - D S Shapiro
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125009 Moscow, Russia
| | - W V Pogosov
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - E Egorova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprundiy, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - I Tsitsilin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprundiy, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Andronik
- FMN Laboratory, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Dobronosova
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
- FMN Laboratory, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Rodionov
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
- FMN Laboratory, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Astafiev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprundiy, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Physics Department, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - A V Ustinov
- Russian Quantum Center, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Physics Institute and Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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38
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Bresque L, Camati PA, Rogers S, Murch K, Jordan AN, Auffèves A. Two-Qubit Engine Fueled by Entanglement and Local Measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:120605. [PMID: 33834814 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.120605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a two-qubit engine that is powered by entanglement and local measurements. Energy is extracted from the detuned qubits coherently exchanging a single excitation. Generalizing to an N-qubit chain, we show that the low energy of the first qubit can be up-converted to an arbitrarily high energy at the last qubit by successive neighbor swap operations and local measurements. We finally model the local measurement as the entanglement of a qubit with a meter, and we identify the fuel as the energetic cost to erase the correlations between the qubits. Our findings extend measurement-powered engines to composite working substances and provide a microscopic interpretation of the fueling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Bresque
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice A Camati
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Spencer Rogers
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Kater Murch
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Andrew N Jordan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Institute for Quantum Studies, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, USA
| | - Alexia Auffèves
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
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39
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De Bernardis D, Cian ZP, Carusotto I, Hafezi M, Rabl P. Light-Matter Interactions in Synthetic Magnetic Fields: Landau-Photon Polaritons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:103603. [PMID: 33784168 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.103603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study light-matter interactions in two-dimensional photonic systems in the presence of a spatially homogeneous synthetic magnetic field for light. Specifically, we consider one or more two-level emitters located in the bulk region of the lattice, where for increasing magnetic field the photonic modes change from extended plane waves to circulating Landau levels. This change has a drastic effect on the resulting emitter-field dynamics, which becomes intrinsically non-Markovian and chiral, leading to the formation of strongly coupled Landau-photon polaritons. The peculiar dynamical and spectral properties of these quasiparticles can be probed with state-of-the-art photonic lattices in the optical and the microwave domain and may find various applications for the quantum simulation of strongly interacting topological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele De Bernardis
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ze-Pei Cian
- Joint Quantum Institute, College Park, 20742 Maryland, USA
| | - Iacopo Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy
| | - Mohammad Hafezi
- Joint Quantum Institute, College Park, 20742 Maryland, USA
- The Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742 Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Rabl
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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40
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Zippilli S, Vitali D. Dissipative Engineering of Gaussian Entangled States in Harmonic Lattices with a Single-Site Squeezed Reservoir. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:020402. [PMID: 33512179 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study the dissipative preparation of many-body entangled Gaussian states in bosonic lattice models which could be relevant for quantum technology applications. We assume minimal resources, represented by systems described by particle-conserving quadratic Hamiltonians, with a single localized squeezed reservoir. We show that in this way it is possible to prepare, in the steady state, the wide class of pure states which can be generated by applying a generic passive Gaussian transformation on a set of equally squeezed modes. This includes nontrivial multipartite entangled states such as cluster states suitable for measurement-based quantum computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zippilli
- School of Science and Technology, Physics Division, University of Camerino, I-62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - David Vitali
- School of Science and Technology, Physics Division, University of Camerino, I-62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- CNR-INO, L.go Enrico Fermi 6, I-50125 Firenze, Italy
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41
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Dutta S, Cooper NR. Long-Range Coherence and Multiple Steady States in a Lossy Qubit Array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:240404. [PMID: 33412034 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.240404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We show that a simple experimental setting of a locally pumped and lossy array of two-level quantum systems can stabilize states with strong long-range coherence. Indeed, by explicit analytic construction, we show there is an extensive set of steady-state density operators, from minimally to maximally entangled, despite this being an interacting open many-body problem. Such nonequilibrium steady states arise from a hidden symmetry that stabilizes Bell pairs over arbitrarily long distances, with unique experimental signatures. We demonstrate a protocol by which one can selectively prepare these states using dissipation. Our findings are accessible in present-day experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovan Dutta
- T. C. M. Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel R Cooper
- T. C. M. Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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42
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Zha C, Bastidas VM, Gong M, Wu Y, Rong H, Yang R, Ye Y, Li S, Zhu Q, Wang S, Zhao Y, Liang F, Lin J, Xu Y, Peng CZ, Schmiedmayer J, Nemoto K, Deng H, Munro WJ, Zhu X, Pan JW. Ergodic-Localized Junctions in a Periodically Driven Spin Chain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:170503. [PMID: 33156665 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.170503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the analog simulation of an ergodic-localized junction by using an array of 12 coupled superconducting qubits. To perform the simulation, we fabricated a superconducting quantum processor that is divided into two domains: one is a driven domain representing an ergodic system, while the second is localized under the effect of disorder. Because of the overlap between localized and delocalized states, for a small disorder there is a proximity effect and localization is destroyed. To experimentally investigate this, we prepare a microwave excitation in the driven domain and explore how deep it can penetrate the disordered region by probing its dynamics. Furthermore, we perform an ensemble average over 50 realizations of disorder, which clearly shows the proximity effect. Our work opens a new avenue to build quantum simulators of driven-disordered systems with applications in condensed matter physics and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zha
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - V M Bastidas
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories and Research Center for Theoretical Quantum Physics, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
- National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
| | - Ming Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yulin Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hao Rong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yangsen Ye
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Qingling Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Youwei Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Futian Liang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - J Schmiedmayer
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kae Nemoto
- National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
| | - Hui Deng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - W J Munro
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories and Research Center for Theoretical Quantum Physics, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
- National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
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43
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Wang Z, Navarrete-Benlloch C, Cai Z. Pattern Formation and Exotic Order in Driven-Dissipative Bose-Hubbard Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:115301. [PMID: 32975958 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.115301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Modern experimental platforms such as superconducting circuit arrays call for the exploration of bosonic tight-binding models in unconventional situations with no counterpart in real materials. Here we investigate one such situation in which excitations are driven and damped by pairs, leading to pattern formation and exotic bosonic states emerging from a nonequilibrium quantum many-body system. Focusing on a two-dimensional driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model, we find that its steady states are characterized by the condensation of bosons around momenta lying on a "Bose surface," a bosonic analog of the Fermi surface in solid-state systems. The interplay between instabilities generated by the driving, the nonlinear dissipative mode coupling, and the underlying lattice effect allows the system to equilibrate into an exotic superfluid state of bosons condensed on a closed ring in momentum space instead of discrete points. Such an unconventional state with a spatially uniform density distribution goes beyond the traditional scope of pattern formation and thus has no counterpart in the classical literature. In addition, it is a state connected to several open problems in modern condensed-matter physics. Here we provide the means to stabilize it, opening the way to its experimental study. Moreover, we also provide a concrete experimental implementation of our model in currently available superconducting circuit arrays. We also investigate the relaxation spectrum around the condensate, which shows a characteristic purely diffusive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wang
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Carlos Navarrete-Benlloch
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Zi Cai
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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44
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Jamadi O, Rozas E, Salerno G, Milićević M, Ozawa T, Sagnes I, Lemaître A, Le Gratiet L, Harouri A, Carusotto I, Bloch J, Amo A. Direct observation of photonic Landau levels and helical edge states in strained honeycomb lattices. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:144. [PMID: 32864119 PMCID: PMC7438334 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the realization of a synthetic magnetic field for photons and polaritons in a honeycomb lattice of coupled semiconductor micropillars. A strong synthetic field is induced in both the s and p orbital bands by engineering a uniaxial hopping gradient in the lattice, giving rise to the formation of Landau levels at the Dirac points. We provide direct evidence of the sublattice symmetry breaking of the lowest-order Landau level wavefunction, a distinctive feature of synthetic magnetic fields. Our realization implements helical edge states in the gap between n = 0 and n = ±1 Landau levels, experimentally demonstrating a novel way of engineering propagating edge states in photonic lattices. In light of recent advances in the enhancement of polariton-polariton nonlinearities, the Landau levels reported here are promising for the study of the interplay between pseudomagnetism and interactions in a photonic system.
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Grants
- the ERC grant Honeypol, the H2020-FETFLAG project PhoQus (820392), the QUANTERA project Interpol (ANR-QUAN-0003-05), the French National Research Agency project Quantum Fluids of Light (ANR-16-CE30-0021), the French government through the Programme Investissement d’Avenir (I-SITE ULNE / ANR-16-IDEX-0004 ULNE) managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, the French RENATECH network, the Labex CEMPI (ANR-11-LABX-0007), the CPER Photonics for Society P4S and the Métropole Européenne de Lille (MEL) via the project TFlight
- the FPI Scholarship No. BES-2015-074708
- The ERC Starting Grant TopoCold
- JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP18H05857, JST PRESTO Grant Number JPMJPR19L2, JST CREST Grant Number JPMJCR19T1, RIKEN Incentive Research Project, and the Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS) at RIKEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Jamadi
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523—PhLAM—Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Elena Rozas
- Depto. de Física de Materiales e Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Grazia Salerno
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 231, Campus Plaine, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marijana Milićević
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Tomoki Ozawa
- Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Isabelle Sagnes
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Aristide Lemaître
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Luc Le Gratiet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Abdelmounaim Harouri
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Iacopo Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - Jacqueline Bloch
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Alberto Amo
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523—PhLAM—Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, 59000 Lille, France
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45
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Tonielli F, Budich JC, Altland A, Diehl S. Topological Field Theory Far from Equilibrium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:240404. [PMID: 32639831 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.240404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The observable properties of topological quantum matter are often described by topological field theories. Here, we demonstrate that this principle extends beyond thermal equilibrium. To this end, we construct a model of two-dimensional driven open dynamics with a Chern insulator steady state. Within a Keldysh field theory approach, we show that under mild assumptions-particle number conservation and purity of the stationary state-an abelian Chern-Simons theory describes its response to external perturbations. As a corollary, we predict chiral edge modes stabilized by a dissipative bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tonielli
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - J C Budich
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Altland
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - S Diehl
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
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46
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Observation of Laughlin states made of light. Nature 2020; 582:41-45. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Xu K, Sun ZH, Liu W, Zhang YR, Li H, Dong H, Ren W, Zhang P, Nori F, Zheng D, Fan H, Wang H. Probing dynamical phase transitions with a superconducting quantum simulator. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba4935. [PMID: 32596458 PMCID: PMC7299620 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba4935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonequilibrium quantum many-body systems, which are difficult to study via classical computation, have attracted wide interest. Quantum simulation can provide insights into these problems. Here, using a programmable quantum simulator with 16 all-to-all connected superconducting qubits, we investigate the dynamical phase transition in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model with a quenched transverse field. Clear signatures of dynamical phase transitions, merging different concepts of dynamical criticality, are observed by measuring the nonequilibrium order parameter, nonlocal correlations, and the Loschmidt echo. Moreover, near the dynamical critical point, we obtain a spin squeezing of -7.0 ± 0.8 dB, showing multipartite entanglement, useful for measurements with precision fivefold beyond the standard quantum limit. On the basis of the capability of entangling qubits simultaneously and the accurate single-shot readout of multiqubit states, this superconducting quantum simulator can be used to study other problems in nonequilibrium quantum many-body systems, such as thermalization, many-body localization, and emergent phenomena in periodically driven systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zheng-Hang Sun
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wuxin Liu
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Quantum Information and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yu-Ran Zhang
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hekang Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Quantum Information and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hang Dong
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Quantum Information and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wenhui Ren
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Quantum Information and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Quantum Information and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1040, USA
| | - Dongning Zheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, School of Physical Sciences, UCAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, School of Physical Sciences, UCAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - H. Wang
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Quantum Information and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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48
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Wang Z, Jaako T, Kirton P, Rabl P. Supercorrelated Radiance in Nonlinear Photonic Waveguides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:213601. [PMID: 32530664 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the collective decay of two-level emitters coupled to a nonlinear waveguide, for example, a nanophotonic lattice or a superconducting resonator array with strong photon-photon interactions. Under these conditions, a new decay channel into bound photon pairs emerges, through which spatial correlations between emitters are established by regular interference as well as interactions between the photons. We derive an effective Markovian theory to model the resulting decay dynamics of an arbitrary distribution of emitters and identify collective effects beyond the usual phenomena of super- and subradiance. Specifically, in the limit of many close-by emitters, we find that the system undergoes a supercorrelated decay process where all the emitters are either in the excited state or in the ground state but not in any of the intermediate states. The predicted effects can be probed in state-of-the-art waveguide QED experiments and provide a striking example of how the dynamics of open quantum systems can be modified by many-body effects in a nonharmonic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Wang
- Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Tuomas Jaako
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Kirton
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Rabl
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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49
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Kringhøj A, Larsen TW, van Heck B, Sabonis D, Erlandsson O, Petkovic I, Pikulin DI, Krogstrup P, Petersson KD, Marcus CM. Controlled dc Monitoring of a Superconducting Qubit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:056801. [PMID: 32083909 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.056801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Creating a transmon qubit using semiconductor-superconductor hybrid materials not only provides electrostatic control of the qubit frequency, it also allows parts of the circuit to be electrically connected and disconnected in situ by operating a semiconductor region of the device as a field-effect transistor. Here, we exploit this feature to compare in the same device characteristics of the qubit, such as frequency and relaxation time, with related transport properties such as critical supercurrent and normal-state resistance. Gradually opening the field-effect transistor to the monitoring circuit allows the influence of weak-to-strong dc monitoring of a "live" qubit to be measured. A model of this influence yields excellent agreement with experiment, demonstrating a relaxation rate mediated by a gate-controlled environmental coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kringhøj
- Microsoft Quantum Lab Copenhagen and Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T W Larsen
- Microsoft Quantum Lab Copenhagen and Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B van Heck
- Microsoft Quantum, Station Q, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-6105, USA
- Microsoft Quantum Lab Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - D Sabonis
- Microsoft Quantum Lab Copenhagen and Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - O Erlandsson
- Microsoft Quantum Lab Copenhagen and Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I Petkovic
- Microsoft Quantum Lab Copenhagen and Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D I Pikulin
- Microsoft Quantum, Station Q, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-6105, USA
| | - P Krogstrup
- Microsoft Quantum Lab Copenhagen and Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Microsoft Quantum Materials Lab Copenhagen, Kanalvej 7, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - K D Petersson
- Microsoft Quantum Lab Copenhagen and Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C M Marcus
- Microsoft Quantum Lab Copenhagen and Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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50
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Dutt A, Lin Q, Yuan L, Minkov M, Xiao M, Fan S. A single photonic cavity with two independent physical synthetic dimensions. Science 2019; 367:59-64. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The concept of synthetic dimensions has generated interest in many branches of science, ranging from ultracold atomic physics to photonics, as it provides a versatile platform for realizing effective gauge potentials and topological physics. Previous experiments have augmented the real-space dimensionality by one additional physical synthetic dimension. In this study, we endow a single ring resonator with two independent physical synthetic dimensions. Our system consists of a temporally modulated ring resonator with spatial coupling between the clockwise and counterclockwise modes, creating a synthetic Hall ladder along the frequency and pseudospin degrees of freedom for photons propagating in the ring. We observe a wide variety of physics, including effective spin-orbit coupling, magnetic fields, spin-momentum locking, a Meissner-to-vortex phase transition, and signatures of topological chiral one-way edge currents, completely in synthetic dimensions. Our experiments demonstrate that higher-dimensional physics can be studied in simple systems by leveraging the concept of multiple simultaneous synthetic dimensions.
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