1
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Lim JW, Majumder A, Mittapally R, Gutierrez AR, Luan Y, Meyhofer E, Reddy P. A nanoscale photonic thermal transistor for sub-second heat flow switching. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5584. [PMID: 38961112 PMCID: PMC11222488 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Control of heat flow is critical for thermal logic devices and thermal management and has been explored theoretically. However, experimental progress on active control of heat flow has been limited. Here, we describe a nanoscale radiative thermal transistor that comprises of a hot source and a cold drain (both are ~250 nm-thick silicon nitride membranes), which are analogous to the source and drain electrodes of a transistor. The source and drain are in close proximity to a vanadium oxide (VOx)-based planar gate electrode, whose dielectric properties can be adjusted by changing its temperature. We demonstrate that when the gate is located close ( < ~1 µm) to the source-drain device and undergoes a metal-insulator transition, the radiative heat transfer between the source and drain can be changed by a factor of three. More importantly, our nanomembrane-based thermal transistor features fast switching times ( ~ 500 ms as opposed to minutes for past three-terminal thermal transistors) due to its small thermal mass. Our experiments are supported by detailed calculations that highlight the mechanism of thermal modulation. We anticipate that the advances reported here will open new opportunities for designing thermal circuits or thermal logic devices for advanced thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Won Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ayan Majumder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rohith Mittapally
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Audrey-Rose Gutierrez
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuxuan Luan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edgar Meyhofer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Pramod Reddy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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2
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Vázquez-Lozano JE, Liberal I. Review on the Scientific and Technological Breakthroughs in Thermal Emission Engineering. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2024; 2:898-927. [PMID: 38962569 PMCID: PMC11217951 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.4c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The emission of thermal radiation is a physical process of fundamental and technological interest. From different approaches, thermal radiation can be regarded as one of the basic mechanisms of heat transfer, as a fundamental quantum phenomenon of photon production, or as the propagation of electromagnetic waves. However, unlike light emanating from conventional photonic sources, such as lasers or antennas, thermal radiation is characterized for being broadband, omnidirectional, and unpolarized. Due to these features, ultimately tied to its inherently incoherent nature, taming thermal radiation constitutes a challenging issue. Latest advances in the field of nanophotonics have led to a whole set of artificial platforms, ranging from spatially structured materials and, much more recently, to time-modulated media, offering promising avenues for enhancing the control and manipulation of electromagnetic waves, from far- to near-field regimes. Given the ongoing parallelism between the fields of nanophotonics and thermal emission, these recent developments have been harnessed to deal with radiative thermal processes, thereby forming the current basis of thermal emission engineering. In this review, we survey some of the main breakthroughs carried out in this burgeoning research field, from fundamental aspects to theoretical limits, the emergence of effects and phenomena, practical applications, challenges, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Enrique Vázquez-Lozano
- Department of Electrical,
Electronic and Communications Engineering, Institute of Smart Cities
(ISC), Universidad Pública de Navarra
(UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñigo Liberal
- Department of Electrical,
Electronic and Communications Engineering, Institute of Smart Cities
(ISC), Universidad Pública de Navarra
(UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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3
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Luan Y, Yan S, Panda K, Majumder A, Guan J, Mittapally R, Meyhofer E, Reddy P. The Metal-Insulator Transition in Vanadium Oxide Nanofilms Enables Microkelvin-Resolution Thermometry. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7048-7054. [PMID: 38813994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
High-resolution thermometry is critical for probing nanoscale energy transport. Here, we demonstrate how high-resolution thermometry can be accomplished using vanadium oxide (VOx), which features a sizable temperature-dependence of its resistance at room temperature and an even stronger dependence at its metal-insulator-transition (MIT) temperature. We microfabricate VOx nanofilm-based electrical resistance thermometers that undergo a metal-insulator-transition at ∼337 K and systematically quantify their temperature-dependent resistance, noise characteristics, and temperature resolution. We show that VOx sensors can achieve, in a bandwidth of ∼16 mHz, a temperature resolution of ∼5 μK at room temperature (∼300 K) and a temperature resolution of ∼1 μK at the MIT (∼337 K) when the amplitude of temperature perturbations is in the microkelvin range, which, in contrast to larger perturbations, is found to avoid hysteric resistance responses. These results demonstrate that VOx-based thermometers offer a ∼10-50-fold improvement in resolution over widely used Pt-based thermometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Luan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shen Yan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kanishka Panda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ayan Majumder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rohith Mittapally
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Edgar Meyhofer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Pramod Reddy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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4
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Luo MX. Quantumness speeds up quantum thermodynamics processes. iScience 2024; 27:109722. [PMID: 38689639 PMCID: PMC11059519 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantum thermodynamic process involves manipulating and controlling quantum states to extract energy or perform computational tasks with high efficiency. There is still no efficient general method to theoretically quantify the effect of the quantumness of coherence and entanglement in work extraction. In this work, we propose a thermodynamics speed to quantify the extracting work. We show that the coherence of quantum systems can speed up work extracting with respect to some cyclic evolution beyond all incoherent states. We further show the genuine entanglement of quantum systems may speed up work extracting beyond any bi-separable states. This provides a new thermodynamic method to witness entangled systems with physical quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Luo
- School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei 230026, China
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5
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Tachikawa S, Ordonez-Miranda J, Jalabert L, Wu Y, Anufriev R, Guo Y, Kim B, Fujita H, Volz S, Nomura M. Enhanced Far-Field Thermal Radiation through a Polaritonic Waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:186904. [PMID: 38759170 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.186904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the enhancement of the far-field thermal radiation between two nonabsorbent Si microplates coated with energy-absorbent silicon dioxide (SiO_{2}) nanolayers supporting the propagation of surface phonon polaritons. By measuring the radiative thermal conductance between two coated Si plates, we find that its values are twice those obtained without the SiO_{2} coating. This twofold increase results from the hybridization of polaritons with guided modes inside Si and is well predicted by fluctuational electrodynamics and an analytical model based on a two-dimensional density of polariton states. These findings could be applied to thermal management in microelectronics, silicon photonics, energy conversion, atmospheric sciences, and astrophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Tachikawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Jose Ordonez-Miranda
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- LIMMS, CNRS-IIS IRL 2820, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Laurent Jalabert
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- LIMMS, CNRS-IIS IRL 2820, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Yunhui Wu
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Roman Anufriev
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Univ. Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, CETHIL, UMR5008, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yangyu Guo
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Byunggi Kim
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujita
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- LIMMS, CNRS-IIS IRL 2820, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Sebastian Volz
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- LIMMS, CNRS-IIS IRL 2820, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nomura
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- LIMMS, CNRS-IIS IRL 2820, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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6
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Tang L, Corrêa LM, Francoeur M, Dames C. Corner- and edge-mode enhancement of near-field radiative heat transfer. Nature 2024; 629:67-73. [PMID: 38632409 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
It is well established that near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) can exceed Planck's blackbody limit1 by orders of magnitude owing to the tunnelling of evanescent electromagnetic frustrated and surface modes2-4, as has been demonstrated experimentally for NFRHT between two large parallel surfaces5-7 and between two subwavelength membranes8,9. However, although nanostructures can also sustain a much richer variety of localized electromagnetic modes at their corners and edges10,11, the contributions of such additional modes to further enhancing NFRHT remain unexplored. Here we demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally a physical mechanism of NFRHT mediated by the corner and edge modes, and show that it can dominate the NFRHT in the 'dual nanoscale regime' in which both the thickness of the emitter and receiver, and their gap spacing, are much smaller than the thermal photon wavelengths. For two coplanar 20-nm-thick silicon carbide membranes separated by a 100-nm vacuum gap, the NFRHT coefficient at room temperature is both predicted and measured to be 830 W m-2 K-1, which is 5.5 times larger than that for two infinite silicon carbide surfaces separated by the same gap, and 1,400 times larger than the corresponding blackbody limit accounting for the geometric view factor between two coplanar membranes. This enhancement is dominated by the electromagnetic corner and edge modes, which account for 81% of the NFRHT between the silicon carbide membranes. These findings are important for future NFRHT applications in thermal management and energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lívia M Corrêa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mathieu Francoeur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Chris Dames
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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7
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Tsurimaki Y, Benzaouia M, Fan S. Nanophotonic Heat Exchanger for Enhanced Near-Field Radiative Heat Transfer. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4521-4527. [PMID: 38565218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Increasing near-field radiative heat transfer between two bodies separated by a vacuum gap is crucial for enhancing the power density in radiative energy transport and conversion devices. However, the largest radiative heat transfer coefficient between two realistic materials at room temperature is limited to around 2000 W/(m2·K) for a gap of 100 nm. Here, analogous to conventional plate-fin heat exchangers based on convection, we introduce the concept of a nanophotonic heat exchanger, which enhances near-field radiative heat transfer using two bodies with interpenetrating gratings. Our calculations, based on rigorous fluctuational electrodynamics, show that the radiative heat transfer coefficient between the bodies separated by a 100 nm gap can significantly exceed 2000 W/(m2·K) by increasing the aspect ratios of the gratings. We develop a semianalytical heat transfer model that agrees well with the rigorous calculations for design optimization. Our work opens new opportunities for enhancing near-field radiative heat transfer between any materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Tsurimaki
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305 United States
| | - Mohammed Benzaouia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305 United States
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305 United States
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8
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Ling H, Nourbakhsh M, Whiteside VR, Tischler JG, Davoyan AR. Near-Unity Light-Matter Interaction in Mid-Infrared van der Waals Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3315-3322. [PMID: 38452251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Accessing mid-infrared radiation is of great importance for a range of applications, including thermal imaging, sensing, and radiative cooling. Here, we study light interaction with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanocavities and reveal strong and tunable resonances across its hyperbolic transition. In addition to conventional phonon-polariton excitations, we demonstrate that the high refractive index of hexagonal boron nitride outside the Reststrahlen band allows enhanced light-matter interactions in deep subwavelength (<λ/15) nanostructures across a broad 7-8 μm range. Emergence and interplay of Fabry-Perot and Mie-like resonances are examined experimentally and theoretically. Near-unity absorption and high quality (Q ≥ 80) resonance interaction in the vicinity of the hBN transverse optical phonon is further observed. Our study provides avenues to design highly efficient and ultracompact structures for controlling mid-infrared radiation and accessing strong light-matter interactions with hBN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Ling
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Milad Nourbakhsh
- Deven Energy Hall, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 110 W. Boyd Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Vincent R Whiteside
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, 440 West Brooks Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Joseph G Tischler
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, 440 West Brooks Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Artur R Davoyan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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9
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Ge WX, Ogundare RT, Gao L. Enhancement of near-field thermal radiation between composite materials with gradient plasmonic nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5020-5026. [PMID: 38258474 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05681c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) with composite materials is of significant technological interest for practical applications. In this study, we investigate the NFRHT occurring between two composite materials composed of gradient plasmonic nanoparticles (GPNs). We delve into the physical mechanism underlying NFRHT, highlighting the strong coupling and enhancement effect from surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at the composite/air interface or the localized SPPs (LSPPs) on the surface of nanoparticles. Furthermore, leveraging the red-shift effect caused by the gradient profile, the intensity of NFRHT can be controlled by adjusting the gradient function and volume fraction of GPNs. Notably, we observe the enhancement of NFRHT from composite materials to bulk materials, with the enhancement ratio exhibiting a notable increase at large spacing. This research establishes a theoretical foundation for the development of near-field thermal devices utilizing composite materials containing GPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Ge
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Suzhou City University & Suzhou Key Laboratory of Biophotonics, Suzhou 215104, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Rasheed Toyin Ogundare
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Suzhou City University & Suzhou Key Laboratory of Biophotonics, Suzhou 215104, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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10
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Luo X, Salihoglu H, Wang Z, Li Z, Kim H, Liu X, Li J, Yu B, Du S, Shen S. Observation of Near-Field Thermal Radiation between Coplanar Nanodevices with Subwavelength Dimensions. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1502-1509. [PMID: 38277641 PMCID: PMC10853966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
With the continuous advancement of nanotechnology, nanodevices have become crucial components in computing, sensing, and energy conversion applications. The structures of nanodevices typically possess subwavelength dimensions and separations, which pose significant challenges for understanding energy transport phenomena in nanodevices. Here, on the basis of a judiciously designed thermal photonic nanodevice, we report the first measurement of near-field energy transport between two coplanar subwavelength structures over temperature bias up to ∼190 K. Our experimental results demonstrate a 20-fold enhancement in energy transfer beyond blackbody radiation. In contrast with the well-established near-field interactions between two semi-infinite bodies, the subwavelength confinements in nanodevices lead to increased polariton scattering and reduction of supporting photonic modes and, therefore, a lower energy flow at a given separation. Our work unveils exciting opportunities for the rational design of nanodevices, particularly for coplanar near-field energy transport, with important implications for the development of efficient nanodevices for energy harvesting and thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hakan Salihoglu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zexiao Wang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hyeonggyun Kim
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xiu Liu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Bowen Yu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Shen Du
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sheng Shen
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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11
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Langevin D, Verlhac C, Jaeck J, Abou-Hamdan L, Taupeau E, Fix B, Bardou N, Dupuis C, De Wilde Y, Haïdar R, Bouchon P. Experimental Investigation of the Thermal Emission Cross Section of Nanoresonators Using Hierarchical Poisson-Disk Distributions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:043801. [PMID: 38335346 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.043801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Effective cross sections of nano-objects are fundamental properties that determine their ability to interact with light. However, measuring them for individual resonators directly and quantitatively remains challenging, particularly because of the very low signals involved. Here, we experimentally measure the thermal emission cross section of metal-insulator-metal nanoresonators using a stealthy hyperuniform distribution based on a hierarchical Poisson-disk algorithm. In such distributions, there are no long-range interactions between antennas, and we show that the light emitted by such metasurfaces behaves as the sum of cross sections of independent nanoantennas, enabling direct retrieval of the single resonator contribution. The emission cross section at resonance is found to be on the order of λ_{0}^{2}/3, a value that is nearly 3 times larger than the theoretical maximal absorption cross section of a single particle, but remains smaller than the maximal extinction cross section. This measurement technique can be generalized to any single resonator cross section, and we also apply it to a lossy dielectric layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Langevin
- DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France
| | - Clément Verlhac
- DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France
| | - Julien Jaeck
- DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Eva Taupeau
- DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France
| | - Baptiste Fix
- DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France
| | - Nathalie Bardou
- Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (C2N) - CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Christophe Dupuis
- Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (C2N) - CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Yannick De Wilde
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 1 rue Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Riad Haïdar
- DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France
| | - Patrick Bouchon
- DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France
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12
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Zhang S, Dang Y, Li X, Li Y, Jin Y, Choudhury PK, Xu J, Ma Y. Transient measurement of near-field thermal radiation between macroscopic objects. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1167-1175. [PMID: 38109052 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04938h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of evanescent waves in the near-field regime could greatly enhance spontaneous thermal radiation, offering a unique opportunity to study nanoscale photon-phonon interaction. However, accurately characterizing this subtle phenomenon is very challenging. This paper proposes a transient all-optical method for rapidly characterizing near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) between macroscopic objects, using the first law of thermodynamics. Significantly, a full measurement at a fixed gap distance is completed within tens of seconds. By simplifying the configuration, the transient all-optical method achieves high measurement accuracy and reliable reproducibility. The proposed method can effectively analyze the NFRHT in various material systems, including SiO2, SiC, and Si, which involve different phonon or plasmon polaritons. Experimental observations demonstrate significant super-Planckian radiation, which arises from the near-field coupling of bounded surface modes. Furthermore, the method achieves excellent agreement with theory, with a minimal discrepancy of less than 2.7% across a wide temperature range. This wireless method could accurately characterize the NFRHT for objects with different sizes or optical properties, enabling the exploration of both fundamental interests and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Yongdi Dang
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Xinran Li
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Yuxuan Li
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Yi Jin
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Pankaj K Choudhury
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Jianbing Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Center, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yungui Ma
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, China.
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13
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Wang CH, Bian H, Pan CC, Jiang ZY. Near-field thermal rectification via an InSb/graphene/3C–SiC-nanowire heterostructure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES 2023; 194:108581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
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14
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Zhang L, Monticone F, Miller OD. All electromagnetic scattering bodies are matrix-valued oscillators. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7724. [PMID: 38001057 PMCID: PMC10673840 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Scattering theory is the basis of all linear optical and photonic devices, whose spectral response underpins wide-ranging applications from sensing to energy conversion. Unlike the Shannon theory for communication channels, or the Fano theory for electric circuits, understanding the limits of spectral wave scattering remains a notoriously challenging open problem. We introduce a mathematical scattering representation that inherently embeds fundamental principles of causality and passivity into its elemental degrees of freedom. We use this representation to reveal strong constraints in the mathematical structure of scattered fields, and to develop a general theory of the maximum radiative heat transfer in the near field, resolving a long-standing open question. Our approach can be seamlessly applied to high-interest applications across nanophotonics, and appears extensible to general classical and quantum scattering theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Francesco Monticone
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Owen D Miller
- Department of Applied Physics and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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15
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Yan S, Luan Y, Lim JW, Mittapally R, Reihani A, Wang Z, Tsurimaki Y, Fan S, Reddy P, Meyhofer E. Surface Phonon Polariton-Mediated Near-Field Radiative Heat Transfer at Cryogenic Temperatures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:196302. [PMID: 38000410 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.196302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments, at room temperature, have shown that near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) via surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) exceeds the blackbody limit by several orders of magnitude. Yet, SPhP-mediated NFRHT at cryogenic temperatures remains experimentally unexplored. Here, we probe thermal transport in nanoscale gaps between a silica sphere and a planar silica surface from 77-300 K. These experiments reveal that cryogenic NFRHT has strong contributions from SPhPs and does not follow the T^{3} temperature (T) dependence of far-field thermal radiation. Our modeling based on fluctuational electrodynamics shows that the temperature dependence of NFRHT can be related to the confinement of heat transfer to two narrow frequency ranges and is well accounted for by a simple analytical model. These advances enable detailed NFRHT studies at cryogenic temperatures that are relevant to thermal management and solid-state cooling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Yan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yuxuan Luan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ju Won Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Rohith Mittapally
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Amin Reihani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Zhongyong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yoichiro Tsurimaki
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Pramod Reddy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Edgar Meyhofer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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16
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Salihoglu H, Shi J, Li Z, Wang Z, Luo X, Bondarev IV, Biehs SA, Shen S. Nonlocal Near-Field Radiative Heat Transfer by Transdimensional Plasmonics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:086901. [PMID: 37683160 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.086901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Using transdimensional plasmonic materials (TDPM) within the framework of fluctuational electrodynamics, we demonstrate nonlocality in dielectric response alters near-field heat transfer at gap sizes on the order of hundreds of nanometers. Our theoretical study reveals that, opposite to the local model prediction, propagating waves can transport energy through the TDPM. However, energy transport by polaritons at shorter separations is reduced due to the metallic response of TDPM stronger than that predicted by the local model. Our experiments conducted for a configuration with a silica sphere and a doped silicon plate coated with an ultrathin layer of platinum as the TDPM show good agreement with the nonlocal near-field radiation theory. Our experimental work in conjunction with the nonlocal theory has important implications in thermophotovoltaic energy conversion, thermal management applications with metal coatings, and quantum-optical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Salihoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - J Shi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Z Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - X Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - I V Bondarev
- Mathematics & Physics Department, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - S-A Biehs
- Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - S Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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17
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Guo C, Fan S. Majorization Theory for Unitary Control of Optical Absorption and Emission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:146202. [PMID: 37084437 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.146202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Unitary control changes the absorption and emission of an object by transforming the external light modes. It is widely used and underlies coherent perfect absorption. Yet two basic questions remain unanswered: For a given object under unitary control, what absorptivity α, emissivity e, and their contrast δ=e-α are attainable? How to obtain a given α, e, or δ? We answer both questions using the mathematics of majorization. We show that unitary control can achieve perfect violation or preservation of Kirchhoff's law in nonreciprocal objects, and uniform absorption or emission for any object.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Guo
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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18
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Mittapally R, Lim JW, Zhang L, Miller OD, Reddy P, Meyhofer E. Probing the Limits to Near-Field Heat Transfer Enhancements in Phonon-Polaritonic Materials. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2187-2194. [PMID: 36888651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) arises between objects separated by nanoscale gaps and leads to dramatic enhancements in heat transfer rates compared to the far-field. Recent experiments have provided first insights into these enhancements, especially using silicon dioxide (SiO2) surfaces, which support surface phonon polaritons (SPhP). Yet, theoretical analysis suggests that SPhPs in SiO2 occur at frequencies far higher than optimal. Here, we first show theoretically that SPhP-mediated NFRHT, at room temperature, can be 5-fold larger than that of SiO2, for materials that support SPhPs closer to an optimal frequency of 67 meV. Next, we experimentally demonstrate that MgF2 and Al2O3 closely approach this limit. Specifically, we demonstrate that near-field thermal conductance between MgF2 plates separated by 50 nm approaches within nearly 50% of the global SPhP bound. These findings lay the foundation for exploring the limits to radiative heat transfer rates at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohith Mittapally
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ju Won Lim
- Department of Materials Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Owen D Miller
- Department of Applied Physics and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Pramod Reddy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Materials Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Edgar Meyhofer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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19
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Yu R, Fan S. Manipulating Coherence of Near-Field Thermal Radiation in Time-Modulated Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:096902. [PMID: 36930900 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.096902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We show that the spatial coherence of thermal radiation can be manipulated in time-modulated photonic systems supporting surface polaritons. We develop a fluctuational electrodynamics formalism for such systems to calculate the cross-spectral density tensor of the emitted thermal electromagnetic fields in the near-field regime. Our calculations indicate that, due to time-modulation, spatial coherence can be transferred between different frequencies, and correlations between different frequency components become possible. All these effects are unique to time-modulated systems. We also show that the decay rate of optical emitters can be controlled in the proximity of such time-modulated structure. Our findings open a promising avenue toward coherence control in thermal radiation, dynamical thermal imaging, manipulating energy transfer among thermal or optical emitters, efficient near-field radiative cooling, and engineering spontaneous emission rates of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwen Yu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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20
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Rincón-García L, Thompson D, Mittapally R, Agraït N, Meyhofer E, Reddy P. Enhancement and Saturation of Near-Field Radiative Heat Transfer in Nanogaps between Metallic Surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:145901. [PMID: 36240403 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.145901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) between planar metallic surfaces was computationally explored over five decades ago by Polder and van Hove [Phys. Rev. B 4, 3303 (1971)PLRBAQ0556-280510.1103/PhysRevB.4.3303]. These studies predicted that, as the gap size (d) between the surfaces decreased, the radiative heat flux first increases by several orders of magnitude until d is ∼100 nm after which the heat flux saturates. However, despite both the fundamental and practical importance of these predictions, the combined enhancement and saturation of NFRHT at small gaps in metallic surfaces remains experimentally unverified. Here, we probe NFRHT between planar metallic (Pt, Au) surfaces and show that RHT rates can exceed the far-field rate by over a thousand times when d is reduced to ∼25 nm. More importantly, we show that for small values of d RHT saturates due to the dominant contributions from transverse electric evanescent modes. Our results are in excellent agreement with the predictions of fluctuational electrodynamics and are expected to inform the development of technologies such as near-field thermophotovoltaics, radiative heat-assisted magnetic recording, and nanolithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rincón-García
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dakotah Thompson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Rohith Mittapally
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Nicolás Agraït
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), C/Faraday 9, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Instituto Universitario de Ciencia de Materiales "Nicolás Cabrera" (INC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Edgar Meyhofer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Pramod Reddy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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21
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Zhou CL, Zhang Y, Yi HL. Enhancement and Manipulation of Near-Field Thermal Radiation Using Hybrid Hyperbolic Polaritons. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7689-7698. [PMID: 35699142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Owing to a high electromagnetic confinement and a strong photonic density of states, hyperbolic surface plasmon polaritons (HSPPs) provide a fascinating promise for applications in thermal photonics. In this work, we theoretically predict a possibility for the improvement of the near-field radiative heat transfer on the basis of tailoring the electromagnetic state of hyperbolic metasurfaces by the uniaxial hyperbolic substrate. By using the photonic tunneling coefficient and the polaritons dispersion, we present a comprehensive study of the hybrid effect of the hyperbolic substrate on HSPPs. We find that due to the hybrid effect of the hyperbolic substrate, the anisotropy surface state of hyperbolic metasurfaces would undergo significant deformations and even topological transition. Moreover, we systematically exhibit the evolution of such hybrid hyperbolic mode with different thicknesses of the hyperbolic substrate and analyze the thickness effect on radiative properties of the hybrid system. It is shown that the resulting heat transfer with the assistance of the hybrid hyperbolic mode by optimizing the substrate parameters is many times stronger than that of monolayer hyperbolic metasurface at the same vacuum gap. Taken together, our results provide a platform to tailor 2D hyperbolic plasmons as a potential strategy toward passive or active control of the near-field heat transfer, and the hybrid hyperbolic mode presented here may facilitate the system design for near-field energy harvesting, thermal imaging, and radiative cooling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Long Zhou
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Liang Yi
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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22
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Liu R, Ge L, Wu B, Cui Z, Wu X. Near-field radiative heat transfer between topological insulators via surface plasmon polaritons. iScience 2021; 24:103408. [PMID: 34849470 PMCID: PMC8609043 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, thanks to its excellent opto-electronic properties, two-dimension topological insulator not only has attracted broad interest in fields such as tunable detectors and nano-electronics but also shall yield more interesting prospect in thermal management, energy conversion, and so on. In this work, the excellent near-filed radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) resulting from monolayer topological insulator (Bi2Se3) is demonstrated. The NFRHT of this system is mainly dominated by the strong coupling effect of the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) between two Bi2Se3 sheets. Moreover, the non-monotonic dependence of the Fermi energy of Bi2Se3 on NFRHT is then discovered. It is indicated that the system can provide great thermal adjustability by controlling the Fermi energy, achieving a modulation factor of heat flux as high as 98.94%. Finally, the effect of substrate on the NFRHT is also explored. This work provides a promising pathway for the highly efficient thermal management. The excellent near-field radiative heat transfer of Bi2Se3 is demonstrated The influence of Fermi energy of Bi2Se3 on the heat flux is revealed The effect of substrate on the heat flux is explored
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Liu
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.,Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lixin Ge
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Biyuan Wu
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.,Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology, Jinan 250100, China
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23
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Tang G, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Chen J, Chan CT. Near-Field Energy Transfer between Graphene and Magneto-Optic Media. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:247401. [PMID: 34951812 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.247401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We consider the near-field radiative energy transfer between two separated parallel plates: graphene supported by a substrate and a magneto-optic medium. We first study the scenario in which the two plates have the same temperature. An electric current through the graphene gives rise to nonequilibrium fluctuations and induces energy transfer. Both the magnitude and direction of the energy flux can be controlled by the electric current and an in-plane magnetic field in the magneto-optic medium. This is due to the interplay between the nonreciprocal photon occupation number in the graphene and nonreciprocal surface modes in the magneto-optic plate. Furthermore, we report that a tunable thermoelectric current can be generated in the graphene in the presence of a temperature difference between the two plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaomin Tang
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - C T Chan
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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24
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Shi K, Chen Z, Xu X, Evans J, He S. Optimized Colossal Near-Field Thermal Radiation Enabled by Manipulating Coupled Plasmon Polariton Geometry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2106097. [PMID: 34632648 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Collective optoelectronic phenomena such as plasmons and phonon polaritons can drive processes in many branches of nanoscale science. Classical physics predicts that a perfect thermal emitter operates at the black body limit. Numerous experiments have shown that surface phonon polaritons allow emission two orders of magnitude above the limit at a gap distance of ≈50 nm. This work shows that a supported multilayer graphene structure improves the state of the art by around one order of magnitude with a ≈1129-fold-enhancement at a gap distance of ≈55 nm. Coupled surface plasmon polaritons at mid- and far-infrared frequencies allow for near-unity photon tunneling across a broad swath of k-space enabling the improved result. Electric tuning of the Fermi-level allows for the detailed characterization and optimization of the colossal nanoscale heat transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhang Shi
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, ZJU-SCNU Joint Center of Photonics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinan Xu
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Julian Evans
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sailing He
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
- Department of Electromagnetic Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, S-100 44, Sweden
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25
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High-performance photonic transformers for DC voltage conversion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4684. [PMID: 34344884 PMCID: PMC8333049 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct current (DC) converters play an essential role in electronic circuits. Conventional high-efficiency DC voltage converters, especially step-up type, rely on switching operation, where energy is periodically stored within and released from inductors and/or capacitors connected in a variety of circuit topologies. Since these energy storage components, especially inductors, are fundamentally difficult to scale down, miniaturization of switching converters proves challenging. Furthermore, the resulting switching currents produce significant electromagnetic noise. To overcome the limitations of switching converters, photonic transformers, where voltage conversion is achieved through light emission and detection processes, have been demonstrated. However, the demonstrated efficiency is significantly below that of the switching converter. Here we perform a detailed balance analysis and show that with a monolithically integrated design that enables efficient photon transport, the photonic transformer can operate with a near-unity conversion efficiency and high voltage conversion ratio. We validate the theory with a transformer constructed with off-the-shelf discrete components. Our experiment showcases near noiseless operation and a voltage conversion ratio that is significantly higher than obtained in previous photonic transformers. Our findings point to the possibility of a high-performance optical solution to miniaturizing DC power converters and improving the electromagnetic compatibility and quality of electrical power. Conventional DC-DC converters rely on switching operations and energy storing components which face both noise and scaling difficulties. Here, the authors present an alternative design for a DC-to-DC converter based on closely coupled LEDs and photovoltaic cells, which exhibits high efficiency, low noise, and miniaturizability.
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26
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Latella I, Biehs SA, Ben-Abdallah P. Smart thermal management with near-field thermal radiation [invited]. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:24816-24833. [PMID: 34614829 DOI: 10.1364/oe.433539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
When two objects at different temperatures are separated by a vacuum gap they can exchange heat by radiation only. At large separation distances (far-field regime), the amount of transferred heat flux is limited by Stefan-Boltzmann's law (blackbody limit). In contrast, at subwavelength distances (near-field regime), this limit can be exceeded by orders of magnitude thanks to the contributions of evanescent waves. This article reviews the recent progress on the passive and active control of near-field radiative heat exchange in two- and many-body systems.
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27
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Mittapally R, Lee B, Zhu L, Reihani A, Lim JW, Fan D, Forrest SR, Reddy P, Meyhofer E. Near-field thermophotovoltaics for efficient heat to electricity conversion at high power density. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4364. [PMID: 34272361 PMCID: PMC8285488 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermophotovoltaic approaches that take advantage of near-field evanescent modes are being actively explored due to their potential for high-power density and high-efficiency energy conversion. However, progress towards functional near-field thermophotovoltaic devices has been limited by challenges in creating thermally robust planar emitters and photovoltaic cells designed for near-field thermal radiation. Here, we demonstrate record power densities of ~5 kW/m2 at an efficiency of 6.8%, where the efficiency of the system is defined as the ratio of the electrical power output of the PV cell to the radiative heat transfer from the emitter to the PV cell. This was accomplished by developing novel emitter devices that can sustain temperatures as high as 1270 K and positioning them into the near-field (<100 nm) of custom-fabricated InGaAs-based thin film photovoltaic cells. In addition to demonstrating efficient heat-to-electricity conversion at high power density, we report the performance of thermophotovoltaic devices across a range of emitter temperatures (~800 K–1270 K) and gap sizes (70 nm–7 µm). The methods and insights achieved in this work represent a critical step towards understanding the fundamental principles of harvesting thermal energy in the near-field. Near-field thermophotovoltaic holds the potential for achieving high-power density and energy conversion efficiency by utilizing evanescent modes of heat transfer, yet the performance still lags behind the far-field counterpart. Here, the authors combine thermally robust planar emitter with InGaAs PV to push the limit of near-field device further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohith Mittapally
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Byungjun Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linxiao Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Amin Reihani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ju Won Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dejiu Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen R Forrest
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Pramod Reddy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Edgar Meyhofer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Lucchesi C, Cakiroglu D, Perez JP, Taliercio T, Tournié E, Chapuis PO, Vaillon R. Near-Field Thermophotovoltaic Conversion with High Electrical Power Density and Cell Efficiency above 14. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4524-4529. [PMID: 34037401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A huge amount of thermal energy is available close to material surfaces in radiative and nonradiative states, which can be useful for matter characterization or energy harvesting. Even though a full class of novel nanoengineered devices has been predicted over the last two decades for exploiting near-field thermal photons, efficient near-field thermophotovoltaic conversion could not be achieved experimentally until now. Here, we realize a proof of principle by using a micrometer-sized indium antimonide photovoltaic cell cooled at 77 K and approached at nanometer distances from a hot (∼730 K) graphite microsphere emitter. We demonstrate a near-field power conversion efficiency of the cell above 14% and unprecedented electrical power density outputs (0.75 W cm-2), which are orders of magnitude larger than all previous attempts. These results highlight that near-field thermophotovoltaic converters are now competing with other thermal-to-electrical conversion devices and also pave the way for efficient photoelectric detection of near-field thermal photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Lucchesi
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CETHIL UMR5008, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | | | - Eric Tournié
- IES, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Chapuis
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CETHIL UMR5008, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rodolphe Vaillon
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CETHIL UMR5008, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
- IES, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
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Song J, Cheng Q, Zhang B, Lu L, Zhou X, Luo Z, Hu R. Many-body near-field radiative heat transfer: methods, functionalities and applications. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2021; 84:036501. [PMID: 33567420 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/abe52b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) governed by evanescent waves, provides a platform to thoroughly understand the transport behavior of nonradiative photons, and also has great potential in high-efficiency energy harvesting and thermal management at the nanoscale. It is more usual in nature that objects participate in heat transfer process in many-body form rather than the frequently-considered two-body scenarios, and the inborn mutual interactions among objects are important to be understood and utilized for practical applications. The last decade has witnessed considerable achievements on many-body NFRHT, ranging from the establishment of different calculation methods to various unprecedented heat transport phenomena that are distinct from two-body systems. In this invited review, we introduce concisely the basic physics of NFRHT, lay out various theoretical methods to deal with many-body NFRHT, and highlight unique functionalities realized in many-body systems and the resulting applications. At last, the key challenges and opportunities of many-body NFRHT in terms of fundamental physics, experimental validations, and potential applications are outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Song
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430025, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Zhou
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixue Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Lucchesi C, Vaillon R, Chapuis PO. Radiative heat transfer at the nanoscale: experimental trends and challenges. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:201-208. [PMID: 33533775 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00609b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Energy transport theories are being revisited at the nanoscale, as macroscopic laws known for a century are broken at dimensions smaller than those associated with energy carriers. For thermal radiation, where the typical dimension is provided by Wien's wavelength, Planck's law and associated concepts describing surface-to-surface radiative transfer have to be replaced by a full electromagnetic framework capturing near-field radiative heat transfer (photon tunnelling between close bodies), interference effects and sub-wavelength thermal emission (emitting body of small size). It is only during the last decade that nanotechnology has allowed for many experimental verifications - with a recent boom - of the large increase of radiative heat transfer at the nanoscale. In this minireview, we highlight the parameter space that has been investigated until now, showing that it is limited in terms of inter-body distance, temperature and object size, and provide clues about possible thermal-energy harvesting, sensing and management applications. We also provide an outlook on open topics, underlining some difficulties in applying single-wavelength approaches to broadband thermal emitters while acknowledging the promise of thermal nanophotonics and observing that molecular/chemical viewpoints have been hardly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Lucchesi
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CETHIL UMR5008, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
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Bijster RJF, van Keulen F. Design of a calorimeter for near-field heat transfer measurements and thermal scanning probe microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:025008. [PMID: 33648070 DOI: 10.1063/5.0034503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer cantilever beams are used in the measurement of near-field radiative heat transfer. The materials and dimensions of the cantilever probe are chosen in order to improve system performance in terms of sensitivity and noise. This is done using an analytical model that describes the thermo-mechanical and mechanical behavior of the cantilever and its influences at the system level. In the design, the optical reflectance and the sensitivity of cantilever rotation to the heat input are maximized under constraints for thermal noise, temperature drift, and a lower bound for the spring constant. The analytical model is verified using finite element analysis, which shows that the effects of radiative losses to the environment are insignificant for design purposes, while the effects of ignoring three-dimensional heat flow introduces larger errors. Moreover, the finite element analysis shows that the designed probes are up to 41 times more sensitive than the often used commercial-of-the-shelf benchmark and have a four times lower thermal noise. Experimental validation of the designed probes shows good agreement with the theoretical values for sensitivity. However, the most sensitive designs were found to be susceptible to damage due to overheating and carbon contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J F Bijster
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - F van Keulen
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
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Zou Y, Pan H, Huang S, Chen P, Yan H, An Z. Non-Planckian infrared emission from GaAs devices with electrons and lattice out-of-thermal-equilibrium. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:1244-1250. [PMID: 33726343 DOI: 10.1364/oe.415232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the downscaled device size, electrons in semiconductor electronics are often electrically driven out-of-thermal-equilibrium with hosting lattices for their functionalities. The thereby electrothermal Joule heating to the lattices can be visualized directly by the noncontact infrared radiation thermometry with the hypothetic Planck distribution at a single characteristic temperature. We report here that the infrared emission spectrum from electrically biased GaAs devices deviates obviously from Planck distribution, due to the additional contribution from non-equilibrium hot electrons whose effective temperature reaches much higher than that of the lattice (Te>Tl). The evanescent infrared emission from these hot electrons is out-coupled by a near-field metamaterial grating and is hence made significant to the total far-field emission spectrum. Resonant emission peak has also been observed when the electron hotspots are managed to overlap spatially with the optical hotspots at the grating resonance. Our work opens a new direction to study nonequilibrium dynamics with (non-Planckian) infrared emission spectroscopy and provides important implications into the microscopic energy dissipation and heat management in nanoelectronics.
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Long Y, Ge H, Zhang D, Xu X, Ren J, Lu MH, Bao M, Chen H, Chen YF. Symmetry selective directionality in near-field acoustics. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:1024-1035. [PMID: 34692122 PMCID: PMC8289114 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding unidirectional and topological wave phenomena requires the unveiling of intrinsic geometry and symmetry for wave dynamics. This is essential yet challenging for the flexible control of near-field evanescent waves, highly desirable in broad practical scenarios ranging from information communication to energy radiation. However, exploitations of near-field waves are limited by a lack of fundamental understanding about inherent near-field symmetry and directional coupling at sub-wavelengths, especially for longitudinal waves. Here, based on the acoustic wave platform, we show the efficient selective couplings enabled by near-field symmetry properties. Based on the inherent symmetry properties of three geometrically orthogonal vectors in near-field acoustics, we successfully realize acoustic Janus, Huygens, spin sources and quadrupole hybrid sources, respectively. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate fertile symmetry selective directionality of those evanescent modes, supported by two opposite meta-surfaces. The symmetry properties of the near-field acoustic spin angular momenta are revealed by directly measuring local vectorial fields. Our findings advance the understanding of symmetries in near-field physics, supply feasible approaches for directional couplings, and pave the way for promising acoustic devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Long
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, China-EU Joint Center for Nanophononics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hao Ge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Danmei Zhang
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, China-EU Joint Center for Nanophononics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiangyuan Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Key Laboratory of Noise and Vibration Research, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, China-EU Joint Center for Nanophononics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ming-Hui Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ming Bao
- Key Laboratory of Noise and Vibration Research, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, China-EU Joint Center for Nanophononics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan-Feng Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Integrated near-field thermo-photovoltaics for heat recycling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2545. [PMID: 32439917 PMCID: PMC7242323 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy transferred via thermal radiation between two surfaces separated by nanometer distances can be much larger than the blackbody limit. However, realizing a scalable platform that utilizes this near-field energy exchange mechanism to generate electricity remains a challenge. Here, we present a fully integrated, reconfigurable and scalable platform operating in the near-field regime that performs controlled heat extraction and energy recycling. Our platform relies on an integrated nano-electromechanical system that enables precise positioning of a thermal emitter within nanometer distances from a room-temperature germanium photodetector to form a thermo-photovoltaic cell. We demonstrate over an order of magnitude enhancement of power generation (Pgen ~ 1.25 μWcm-2) in our thermo-photovoltaic cell by actively tuning the gap between a hot-emitter (TE ~ 880 K) and the cold photodetector (TD ~ 300 K) from ~ 500 nm down to ~ 100 nm. Our nano-electromechanical system consumes negligible tuning power (Pgen/PNEMS ~ 104) and relies on scalable silicon-based process technologies.
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35
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Buddhiraju S, Li W, Fan S. Photonic Refrigeration from Time-Modulated Thermal Emission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:077402. [PMID: 32142345 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.077402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We develop theoretical and computational formalisms to describe thermal radiation from temporally modulated systems. We show that such a modulation results in a photon-based active cooling mechanism. This mechanism has a high thermodynamic performance that can approach the Carnot limit. Our work points to exciting new avenues in active, time-modulated control of thermal emission for cooling and energy harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Buddhiraju
- Ginzton Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Ginzton Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Ginzton Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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36
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Thompson D, Zhu L, Meyhofer E, Reddy P. Nanoscale radiative thermal switching via multi-body effects. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:99-104. [PMID: 31873289 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Control of thermal transport at the nanoscale is of great current interest for creating novel thermal logic and energy conversion devices. Recent experimental studies have demonstrated that radiative heat transfer between macroscopic objects separated by nanogaps, or between nanostructures located in the far-field of each other, can exceed the blackbody limit. Here, we show that the radiative heat transfer between two coplanar SiN membranes can be modulated by factors as large as five by bringing a third planar object into close proximity of the membranes. Numerical modelling reveals that this modulation is due to a modification of guided modes (supported in the SiN nanomembranes) by evanescent interactions with the third object. This multi-body effect could offer an efficient pathway for active control of heat currents at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakotah Thompson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linxiao Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edgar Meyhofer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Pramod Reddy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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37
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Optical cooling achieved by tuning thermal radiation. Nature 2019; 566:186-187. [DOI: 10.1038/d41586-019-00526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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